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A road sign has been found reportedly peppered with gun-shots near a village.
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The damage, apparently from a firearm, was reported at 11:15 GMT on Monday on Mill Street near Fontmell Magna, Dorset Police said.
The force said it could not determine the type of weapon used, adding that only a couple of shots out of several hundred had fully penetrated the sign.
Police said patrols in the area would be increased and witnesses should report any suspicious activity.
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Almost 200 years after Jane Austen's death, the English writer is still adored around the world. BBC News spoke to some of the fans for whom a love of Austen's work has evolved into a way of life.
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John and Aylwen Gardiner-Garden - Australia
Australia may still have been a penal colony when Jane Austen was writing her novels, but two centuries on, Austen fans Down Under get together each year to recreate Regency England in Canberra.
Aylwen Gardiner-Garden and her husband John have run the annual Jane Austen Festival for 10 years.
The event grew out of their love of Regency dancing and now more than 300 people come from all over Australia and New Zealand for promenades, grand balls, talks and dance workshops.
"Jane Austen is very popular in Australia - especially after the BBC series aired here in the 1990s - Colin Firth just did it for everyone. And it's generational - there was another whole new set of fans after the Keira Knightley film," she explained.
"I don't think it's harking back to the old country - it's more the sense of romance and escaping from reality. It's not the seedy side of England, like Dickens.
"At the festival, the women can dress up, feel feminine and elegant, and the guys are gentlemen. Teenagers grow up overnight on the dance floor - their manners are fantastic.
"It's people coming together to learn about the costumes, the books, the dancing. It's become part of people's lives, so I keep doing it for the love of it."
Debra Miller - USA
In Chicago, Deborah Miller performs her own one-woman show based on the books and letters of Austen.
She still remembers 10 September 2009 - the day she first read Austen's biography and instantly "fell in love". Within a year she had read all her novels and written the stage show she has been performing ever since.
"Her work is so well written - every time I read it I find something new - her concise use of language and its elegance is so beautiful," she said.
In researching her show, Ms Miller visited the Smithsonian Institution to find the earliest audio recording of a Hampshire accent and listened over and over again to find the correct stage voice.
"I do have to slow it down a bit - they are not used to a Hampshire accent on the south side of Chicago."
With more than 5,000 members of Jane Austen societies in the US and Canada, there is an eager audience for her shows.
"People have read the novels, but not the letters. People at the shows cry and say that I am Jane Austen.
"It's the ease and geniality of the time, the romance and the reassurance - in the current political climate, a Jane Austen novel has integrity and truth."
Adge Secker - Bath
Adge Secker is a full-time police officer in Bath who is also a tour guide for ECT Travel's Strictly Jane Austen tours - one of the companies chasing the bonnet bucks - tapping into the market of Austen enthusiasts keen to learn more about their heroine.
He described his clients as "just mad crazy" about Austen with Americans in particular "absolutely nuts for her".
"We take them to where she lived, where she danced, the places that inspired the stories and just immerse them in the history. I get people enthused and at the end tell them what they've done is walk in her footsteps.
"It's just good fun to do - they love to soak up the history and the culture."
Tour-goers get to visit places in the city where Jane Austen lived for five years from 1801. Locations include the Gravel Walk - where Anne Elliot and Captain Wentworth were engaged in Persuasion - or visitors can have Regency experiences like tasting the spa water or attending a grand ball.
"Many Jane Austen experts come on the tours to see the places in her life. I'm like a sponge - always learning new stories. But you have to get your facts right, otherwise Jane Austen fans will find you out."
Mara Barbuni - Italy
Austen's work was first published in Italy in the 1930s, while films and dubbed BBC dramas have boosted her popularity in recent decades.
Venetian Mara Barbuni first saw Ang Lee's Sense and Sensibility in 1995 and immediately borrowed the book from her local library.
Since then she has written extensively on the author - her most recent research project is into how houses and homes are represented in Austen's novels.
In the course of her research, she has travelled to many of the "Austenland" sites - including Winchester, Bath and Lyme Regis.
Austen's work is "really popular and much loved" in Italy, she explains.
"Many Italian readers of Jane Austen declare they love her settings, the old-fashioned but fashionable flair of her novels, and the love stories of her characters."
More than 300 academics and devotees are in the Jane Austen Society of Italy which was founded in Bologna in 2013. It is holding a "Grand Tour" of conferences around Italian cities this year, based on each of Austen's novels.
Nicole Kang and Margy Supramaniam - Singapore
Nicole Kang and Margy Supramaniam are members of Singapore's Jane Austen Circle, enthusiasts who regularly meet for balls, tea and dramatised readings in costume.
UK-born Mrs Supramaniam, who moved to Singapore in the 1980s, said: "I'm no seamstress but I do enjoy dressing bonnets to look authentic and finding Indian trimming to make dresses look Regency.
"I have also used saris for dresses, the muslin ones with borders are the best. In the late 18th and early 19th Century cloth was imported in large quantities from India as it was in great demand in England for clothes, so some of it works really well in achieving a period look.
"Many older Singaporeans, who had a fairly British-style colonial education, were brought up with Jane Austen but the younger generation are less familiar, and often their first introduction may have been watching a film adaptation. It is exciting to see Jane Austen's popularity spread.
"The largest group of followers that we have are millennial Chinese Singaporeans who can somehow relate to Jane Austen across culture and centuries."
One of those younger members, Nicole Kang (pictured above left, in the dress), gives Regency dance lessons in Singaporean schools.
"I first read Northanger Abbey when I was 15 years old as I had more or less finished reading most of the 'teen' books in my school library and I think I had fancied a bit of a challenge in my reading.
"I love Austen's work because she writes about familiar subjects - not just about love - but she had such a keen insight into human nature that I believe that her characters still exist in real life today."
Jane Austen
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A care home in Birmingham has built a "sensory street" - complete with tea room, sweet shop and post office - to help stimulate its residents. It is particularly helpful to those living with dementia, but how does it work?
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By Catrin NyeVictoria Derbyshire programme
When you first arrive at Robert Harvey House, the first thing you hear is music - songs from the 1950s onwards playing over the sound system throughout the home. And then you take a walk outside the back door.
A goat jumps up and greets you hoping for some scraps of vegetables, a parrot squawks a loud "hello" and then you see a full replica High Street laid out before you. There's a sweet shop full of old-fashioned jars of liquorice allsorts, a petrol pump beside the post office and union jack bunting across the tea shop.
"It just got bigger and bigger and it was like, 'Let's do this, let's not just have shop fronts but spaces people could actually use, that families could use,'" says Anthea Reid, the care home's manager.
Next to the cages housing the parrots there are guinea pigs, ducks and those hungry goats - all aimed at stimulating residents' senses.
The inspiration came when the team saw a similar set-up in the Netherlands.
"I think it's excellent, it gives them a talking point," says Viv Semmens, whose 90-year-old mum Audrey has lived there for two years.
Audrey is living with dementia, like more than half of the home's residents.
"She can't remember the last time she saw a butcher's shop," Viv explains. "So just thinking about those things is really positive - how she felt when she was younger, the places she visited when she was younger."
Providing stimulating environments and opportunities for social interaction is very important in elderly care, says Dr Sarah Smith, senior dementia researcher at Leeds Beckett University. She says people with dementia can struggle to access memories, but it does not mean they have been lost, and sensory stimulation can help residents access them.
You can watch Catrin Nye's full film here.
"The memories people retrieve when these types of cues are provided are typically from periods around early adulthood, which are considered to be self-defining," Dr Smith explains, "so reminiscing about these memories can reinforce sense of self and promote well-being."
After looking around more than a dozen care homes, Viv Semmens says she has "absolute confidence" that her mother is in the best possible place. "She takes part when she's asked to and really does seem to get something out of it," she says.
Around half the residents at the home are privately funded and half by the NHS or local authority. It is run by a charity called Broadening Choices for Older People, which also does fundraising to provide facilities.
Because the health of the majority of the home's residents with advanced dementia will slowly decline, the people running it say the priority is to give them the best possible standard of life.
"Even if we haven't got a glorious day, we'll wrap them up in a blanket, take them into the tea room, put the heating on, and just try to make the day special," Anthea explains.
Residents with advanced dementia will not necessarily recall exactly what's happening, says Caroline Cooban, the charity's chief executive, "but if, in just that moment, there's a connection made, a smile, a laugh, then that's the most important thing."
The home also cares for people with mental health problems.
Chris Garrett and his wife Jane have been together for 22 years, and were both enjoying retirement when she had a nervous breakdown, and was sectioned. Jane spent four years in various hospitals and mental health institutions - she cannot remember any of it and some days she didn't even recognise Chris.
But in January it was decided she could move out, and Chris wanted to try Robert Harvey House.
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"Since she's been in here, the consultant said she thought it was a miracle the way Jane has recovered. Because she recognises people, she socialises, and I think a lot of that is due to this environment," he says.
Jane and Chris have been able to have special meals for birthdays and Valentine's Day in the tea rooms, and every day Jane spends a bit of time talking to the parrots out of her bedroom window.
"As soon as I came here with the animals and all the care and devotion and the love, it got me better," she says.
Dr Smith says the importance of psychological needs has been recognised in recent years, with many care homes adopting practices such as reminiscence activities and sensory experiences. For her, there is "an increasing body of evidence to show that there is a lot that people can do to live well with dementia," she says. "Much of this has been achieved by putting people living with dementia at the centre of this conversation.
"That being said, some care homes still face challenges in being able to deliver this level of care for a variety of reasons such as resources, staff skills and knowledge."
Meanwhile, Anthea gets emotional when we ask her what she likes about working in the home.
"It's family, everyone who's here, domestics, carers, caterers, everybody, it's in here," she says, patting her heart.
Follow the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme on Facebook and Twitter - and see more of our stories here.
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A man has denied the attempted murder and rape of a woman in a play park last year.
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Zakarya Etarghi, 24, of no fixed address, pleaded not guilty to the charges at Leicester Crown Court on Friday.
Police said the victim, in her 50s, was found seriously hurt in the park off Cedar Road, Leicester, on 4 August.
Mr Etarghi was remanded in custody ahead of the trial, which is due to take place on 18 February.
Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, on Twitter, or on Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected].
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In 1985, Duran Duran were the best group in the world and their bassist John Taylor was most fanciable person and the second most wonderful human being alive (behind Bob Geldof). At least, that was according to that year's Smash Hits readers' poll.
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By Ian YoungsEntertainment reporter, BBC News
Taylor was the most popular member of the most popular pop band in Britain. They epitomised the glamour and excess of the 1980s and Taylor has detailed his exploits in his autobiography In The Pleasure Groove.
Magazines like Smash Hits and No 1 could not get enough of them - so I dug into the National Pop Magazine Archive (otherwise known as my wife's collection in our cellar) to find questions from old interviews to put to Taylor again now, to see how his answers have changed.
"When I look at some of the interviews I can't believe how arrogant I was," he says.
Q: Do you still consider yourself a young man? If not when did you stop thinking you were? (No 1 magazine, December 1985)
John's answer now: "No, I made a very definite decision a couple of years ago [when he was 50 - ed] that I was now middle aged. And it was actually a really good decision to make, because I'd been feeling like a very tired young man for quite a few years, and making that acknowledgement, suddenly I felt like a very sprightly and hip middle aged guy."
Back in 1985, John said he ceased thinking of himself as in the first flush of youth that year. "That's not to say I consider myself old though. I just feel a more responsible human being," he told the magazine.
Q: Looking back, is there anything you regret doing? (No 1, around late 1985/early '86)
JT: "Not really. Maybe I wished I'd played on Come Undone. I'd gone back to LA. We'd put that album to bed and I said: 'I'm not coming back for one more song.' Maybe it would have been a different song if I'd been there, maybe it wouldn't have been such a great song. But I'm not one for regrets."
Back in the '80s, he said he did not like a couple of videos "where we're mincing about" and the title of their third album Seven and the Ragged Tiger.
Q: What would you be if you weren't a pop star? (Look-In magazine, 1984)
JT: "A graphic artist."
Wrong. The answer he gave to Look-In (the junior TV Times) was: "An idiot!"
Q: Favourite item of clothing? (Look-In again)
JT: "Right now it's a black Balmain jacket."
The 1984 answer was leather trousers. "I almost said leather trousers," he says. "I've got some nice leather trousers. I was looking at some this morning actually. Except now they're not really very appropriate very often."
Q: If you were a domestic appliance, what would it be? (Look-In)
JT: "Oh God… [he groans in agony] A domestic appliance? A toaster."
His original answer was: "A fridge so I could stay cool." He roars with delight at this reminder of his wit: "All right! See, you had to come up with hip one-liners like that all the time."
How do you react to being voted most fanciable person? (Smash Hits, December 1985)
JT: "That's a lot of pressure isn't it?"
His answer to the magazine was: "God! What do I have to do to be taken seriously?" adding, with singer Simon Le Bon in second: "How much did I win by?"
"Yeah, I hated all that popularity contest stuff actually," he says now. "Looking back, that wasn't such a good thing. We all got into that a little bit. Popular for what? I didn't take it seriously… my ego maybe did... In the naivety of the moment it probably did mess me up a bit. It's so meaningless and it will make you lazy and complacent when you should be working to prove your bass playing and your songwriting."
Q: What do you think of the new crop of pop stars? (Smash Hits, April 1989)
JT: "Not a lot. It's so dangerous when you get into 'in my day you had David Bowie and Queen in the pop charts'. Who's like that today? Who's written a song like Bohemian Rhapsody lately, played it themselves and put it at the top of the pop charts? It just doesn't happen any more.
"It's singers with producers, overly simplistic, lacking in soul, because it's all computer driven music that your ears will tire of very quickly. Adele is the exception I suppose."
At the time, Taylor's answer was: "Bros would never have been around if we hadn't been there first. I know that for a fact. They started off playing our songs." On hearing this, the present-day Taylor says of his younger self: "What an idiot."
Q: What makes you cynical? (No 1, December 1985)
JT: "Hypocrisy. People with a God complex who think they know what's best for others. I suppose people who try to control. I'm not terribly cynical actually."
In 1985, Taylor said he disliked lawyers but was not a very cynical person, adding: "I hate hypocrites and I hate it when anything that is artistic is controlled by non-artistic people." Not much change here.
Q: Why are you a tax exile? (Smash Hits Book of Personal Files, November 1986)
JT: "I didn't know I was. The only time we took a year out was '83 and I don't remember planning it in advance. It was just served up for us - this is what we're going to do. We were recording the difficult third album. We did it in the south of France, the Caribbean and finished it off in Sydney. These days I go backwards and forwards between the States and here and it's all the same tax wise."
In the Smash Hits grilling, he was quoted as saying he did not see why, "with a career that may at best last five years", he should give 70% of his earnings to the government. He says now: "I don't have a problem with tax."
The tax aspect aside, did he only expect his career to last for five years? "Back then, definitely," he says. "You couldn't take anything for granted. I still don't, although now I know we've got a legacy that will feed us. I don't think anybody believes they're going to be around for a long time. There's footage of John Lennon saying: 'We're hoping to get 12 months out of it.'"
Q: Are Duran Duran down the dumper? (headline from Smash Hits, 1987)
JT: "Well clearly not."
The original headline was completed by the word: "No!"
Q: Is there a lot of pressure now to become The Biggest again? (No 1, March 1986)
JT: "There was definitely a lot of pressure then. But I stopped thinking in terms of hits a long time ago.
"I've stopped thinking in terms of an end result because I realised I kept comparing [ourselves to] the sales and chart positions we had when we were young. And it seemed like for a long time: 'Oh God we're never gonna top that. It's going to be downhill.'"
Back in 1986, as the band were losing their grip at the top of the charts, the younger Taylor admitted: "Oh yeah. There's so much pressure."
Q: Would you give up being in Duran? (not a pop magazine but the Los Angeles Times, March 1985)
JT: "I did leave actually about 15 years ago. I thought I'd gone for good but it was the friendship that bought me back. I could [leave now] but I love what we get to do together. That stage time is precious and I love putting on stage shows. It's my favourite thing."
In March 1985, Taylor had just released an album with side-project The Power Station. "I'm a star because of Duran," he told the LA Times. "I love being a star. The whole circus aspect of being in Duran is a pain after a while, but it's great being a star, with the girls screaming and the money rolling in. I know it sounds greedy and awful and people will think I'm an egomaniac, but I don't care."
On hearing this answer read back to him, he says: "When I look at some of the interviews, I can't believe how arrogant I was. We all were. You can't help it."
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Businesses have been gradually emerging from lockdown over the past month but gyms had been among a select few left behind. With confirmation that they can reopen from 25 July, BBC News went to meet one gym-owning couple who cannot wait to get going.
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By Craig LewisBBC News Online
"We feel great. We've been waiting for this for the last few months."
Jack Cardy was able to breathe a huge sigh of relief as the latest lockdown-loosening measure was announced by the government.
"It is so nice to have a date for which we can prepare," he said. "It's not as soon as I thought, but we can get communication out and welcome people back."
For Jack and his wife Connie, the lockdown could not have come at a worse time. The pair only bought Live Fit gym in Manningtree, Essex, last year.
A former personal trainer, 28, who started in the industry aged 16, Mr Cardy gave up a business managing other personal trainers so he could buy the gym.
Mrs Cardy, 29, who worked at another gym, also quit her job and they put everything they had into Live Fit.
As if that was not enough to juggle, the couple's daughter Ruby-Rae was just one at the time.
"It was a huge challenge," Mr Cardy said. "But we like to take on more than we can chew."
Having inherited 50 members, they had grand plans to increase that number to 500 by Christmas 2020. By March this year, they had already hit that target.
"We had an incredible eight months where we grew substantially past our hopes and goals," Mr Cardy said.
Then Covid-19 hit.
Gyms were told to close on 20 March as part of tougher measures to halt the spread of the virus.
And when Prime Minister Boris Johnson allowed pubs, restaurants and hotels to reopen on 4 July, gyms were conspicuous by their absence.
Some experts said gyms could encourage the virus to spread in confined spaces with shared equipment.
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It was a decision that left Mr Cardy "surprised, frustrated, angry". Allowing pubs to open and not gyms had left him scratching his head.
"From a mental health perspective, drinking can make things worse, while gyms make it better.
"We had got our hopes up. We even sent an email to members saying we hope tonight will be the night."
Britain's gym industry
Although disappointed, they decided to carry on making improvements in the the gym while they waited for the green light to open.
They had already offered members a freeze on membership - but they had plenty of ideas to keep things going during lockdown.
Facebook fitness sessions were set up and instructors put together plans to allow people to exercise at home.
When people were allowed to train in small numbers outside, the gym started group sessions.
It meant while "the majority took that freeze," many continued to pay - something Mr Cody calls a "godsend".
The gym has not sat idle either. Builders carried out renovations and new plans were put in place, including the introduction of a barbers business.
Perhaps the most time has been spent making sure everything is in place for a safe reopening.
Equipment has been spaced out so social distancing can be adhered to, while the number of people allowed to attend fitness classes has been limited.
Hand sanitiser areas will be available throughout the gym, and while changing rooms will be open to limited numbers at a time, showers will not be.
"There will be a lot of trial and error," Mr Cardy said, "but we are doing everything to to make sure people are safe.
"It's been a long three or four months. This will take us a step or two backwards, but you have to be positive.
"To get back and interact with members again is going to be great feeling."
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Three men have been charged after a Sikh taxi driver was racially abused and assaulted.
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Vaneet Singh was attacked during a journey from Reading to the Basingstoke area on 19 September.
Hampshire Constabulary has charged a 20-year-old man from Swindon, a 19-year-old man from Aldermaston, and a 19-year-old man from Bramley.
The charges include racially or religiously aggravated criminal damage, and assault.
Those charged are:
All three men are due to appear at Basingstoke Magistrates Court on 8 April.
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HM Courts
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A teenager who died in a two-car crash on the A14 on Boxing Day has been named as 18-year-old William Smedley.
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Suffolk Police said it was called to a collision between a grey Ford Fiesta and a black Vauxhall Corsa at Rougham, at 21:30 GMT.
Mr Smedley, of Bury St Edmunds, was a passenger in the Fiesta. He died at the scene.
A second man was taken to Addenbrooke's Hospital with life-threatening injuries.
A third male was taken to hospital for treatment, although his injuries are not believed to be life threatening.
The 19-year-old female driver of the Corsa was uninjured.
Officers would like to hear from anyone who witnessed the crash.
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N-Dubz and Florence and the Machine have been added to the line-up for this year's Isle Of Wight festival.
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La Roux, The Hold Steady and Biffy Clyro will also play the event which takes place at Seaclose Park, Newport, between 11-13 June.
As previously reported Jay-Z, The Strokes, Vampire Weekend and Friendly Fires have already been confirmed for the festival.
The 2009 event was headlined by Stereophonics and The Prodigy.
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A 22-year-old woman who died in a double fatal car crash in Barnsley has been identified by police.
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Hannah Elsworth-Utley was killed when the Audi 5 she was travelling in hit a tree in Huddersfield Road, Wilthorpe, at about 01:00 BST on Sunday.
The driver of the car, a 24-year-old man, also died.
South Yorkshire Police said no other vehicles were believed to have been involved but have appealed for witnesses to get in touch.
Follow BBC Yorkshire on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected].
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Four cyclists have been killed in London in eight days.
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With the number of cyclists in the capital almost trebling in a decade, what is it like running the gauntlet of the capital's roads each day for a cyclist and a bus driver?
The cyclist
Ed Davey, 30, a BBC journalist, cycles in London daily.
You have to put the risk of death to the back of your mind - or you would definitely go mad.
Given the vast number of cyclists, your chance of becoming one of the few annual fatalities is actually tiny. And you can halve it by being super-aware of lorries turning left.
Not finding yourself on the left side of a lorry as it turns after moving off is something in every cyclist's power. Alarm bells should be ringing every time you see a lorry waiting at a red - even if it's not indicating, because the driver might simply have forgotten.
But bad drivers are beyond your control. Last year a lorry went past me so fast and so close, the air nearly buffeted me off my bike. It's especially grim cycling past places where you know people have lost their lives, often more than one person. Old Street roundabout. Bow roundabout.
Strangely, though, I worry much more about my loved ones on bikes in London than I do myself. I'm able to think about my own potential death in the abstract, but I worry myself sick about friends and family.
That said, when my bike's off the road and I'm forced to get buses or the Tube, I realise there is no alternative. Cycling really is the best way to get about London.
The bus driver
Jason Rumsey, 45, has driven seven London bus routes for 18 months.
As a bus driver, you've got so much to deal with. We've got CCTV cameras, passengers, other road users. We're under a lot of pressure and get a lot of stick from drivers. We have to stick to a tight time schedule.
Sometimes I can have up to 10 cyclists around me. I can be in a bus lane and have them in front, behind and on each side of me.
A lot of bus drivers hate cyclists because they slow them up and they get in their way. Personally, I always give them plenty of space. It can be difficult at times.
Sometimes young ones ride in front of me without holding their handlebars. I had two the other day in Harrow Road. They wouldn't pull over to the side.
The bikes that really get up my nose are the Boris bikes because they are not regular bike riders. Usually they have no head protection and they don't know how to ride them.
It's all about attitude. I don't get angry with cyclists. I give them space - I'm aware. I'm driving a 12-tonne vehicle. If you hit someone they are dead. You haven't even got to hit them hard.
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Services have been held across Scotland to mark Remembrance Sunday.
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First Minister Alex Salmond and Scottish Secretary Alistair Carmichael laid wreaths at the Stone of Remembrance in Edinburgh.
Similar ceremonies have been taking place in churches and at war memorials around the country.
Small crosses with messages for servicemen and women past and present are also on display in Fields of Remembrance in Edinburgh and Inverness.
They have been set up by charity PoppyScotland as part of a fundraising appeal.
About 10,000 crosses are on display in the Field of Remembrance in Princes Street Gardens in Edinburgh and in Inverness there are about 2,100 crosses.
The initiative has raised £240,000 to support veterans and their families this year.
'Pay respects'
In Edinburgh, the gun was fired from Edinburgh Castle and a two-minute silence was observed, marking the end of the anniversary of World War 1.
The Royal British Legion Scotland Remembrance Day parade of veterans, serving military detachments and cadets marched from St Giles Street to the Stone of Remembrance at the city chambers.
The parade and ceremony was being followed by a service at St Giles Cathedral.
Mr Salmond laid a wreath with 17-year-old Army cadet, Colour Sgt Sean Collister, who is a pupil at Craigroyston High School in Edinburgh.
Speaking ahead of the service he said: "Remembrance Sunday is a solemn occasion when we recall the huge sacrifices made in past conflicts.
"Scotland will pause in memory of those who gave their lives in the service of their country. And we also pay tribute to those who continue to serve bravely today in conflict zones far from home.
"This year's Remembrance Sunday service holds particular significance, as it is the last before next year's centenary of the outbreak of the First World War."
'Heartfelt tribute'
Mr Carmichael laid a wreath and delivered a reading at the cathedral service.
He said: "It is an honour to pay my respects and lay a wreath in memory of all those who have made the ultimate sacrifice in the service of their country.
"For those who have served and fallen in the line of duty in the past and for those who continue to serve our country with distinction, today acknowledges their bravery and dedication and emphasises that we will never forget."
Kevin Gray, chief executive officer of the Royal British Legion Scotland, said: "On Remembrance Sunday, our heartfelt tribute will be paid to every single serviceman and woman that has fought and died to keep us safe.
"On this momentous day our thoughts will also be with those who still serve in our Armed Forces and all their loved ones. As we approach the centenary of the start of World War I in 2014 we are reminded especially of all those who lost their life in that conflict."
In Glasgow's George Square a guard of honour was formed by the Royal Navy and Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon was among those who laid a wreath.
'Channels of peace'
In Aberdeen, members of the armed services, veterans and pipe bands paraded from Belmont Street through the city centre to the war memorial at the Cowdray Hall.
A wreath-laying ceremony was held followed by a service in the Kirk of St Nicholas.
The Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland the Right Reverend Lorna Hood said: "At this time of year among fallen leaves and falling poppies, we can stop and remember those who did not return from war and conflict, their lives lost at sea, on land and in the air.
"We can remember those who suffer still, damaged in body, mind or spirit.
"As we pay respects to those whose sacrifice took place long ago, may we also remember those in danger right now in so many parts of the world."
She added: "May we be channels of peace in small-scale relationships and encouragers of peace on the wider stage. May we all play our part in striving towards a world without war, built on mutual trust and care, mercy and justice."
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It was the faith of two US presidents and several prominent UK industrialists, yet the origins of the Quaker religion are little known today by people living in the English town where it began. However, a new heritage trail targeting the American tourist market is aiming to change that.
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By Dave WadeBBC News
In 1647, George Fox, a cobbler, was walking past a church in the East Midlands when he received what he described as a message from God.
The son of a Leicestershire church warden, he had spent years wandering around an England torn apart by civil war and increasingly disaffected with the establishment church.
The vision of Christianity he received outside the church in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, was deeply radical - God was within everyone and there was no need for priests.
Within a few years, he was preaching to large crowds - and provoking the persecution of the authorities who felt threatened by his anti-priesthood agenda.
"He was fed up with preachers and professionals setting standards, leaving out the poorest people," said Ralph Holt, a historian.
"He couldn't see how someone could go to college and get a certificate and come back somewhere between this land and God."
He was once put in the stocks in the nearby village of Mansfield Woodhouse for standing up and attempting to speak during a church service - something only clergy were supposed to do.
And on another occasion he reputedly told a Derby magistrate to tremble - or quake - at God's name - the incident which many attribute to the origin of the faith's name.
One of many dissenting religions popular in England at the time, Quakerism spread around the British Isles. In subsequent decades, as religious dissenters fled persecution by emigrating to the American colonies, the faith spread to the other side of the Atlantic Ocean where it remains strong today.
There are currently some 400,000 adherents worldwide. US presidents Richard Nixon and Herbert Hoover were both Quakers, while UK chocolate manufacturers Cadbury's was founded by a Quaker family.
Fox himself is remembered with a memorial in his birthplace of Fenny Drayton, Leicestershire, and a tombstone in Islington, north London, where he died in 1691. However, until now, there was nothing in Mansfield to mark the birth of the religion he founded.
What do Quakers believe?
The name is thought to derive from a Derby courtroom where George Fox told a magistrate to tremble - or quake - at God's name. An alternative theory was that the magistrate derisorily referenced followers' habits of shaking during religious experiences
Quakers - or the Society of Friends - are pacifists. Many were imprisoned as conscientious objectors during the world wars
They believe all people are equal and do not believe in a priesthood
As non-conformists they were excluded from universities until the 19th Century, perhaps pushing more of them into trades like the chocolate industry
The teetotallers may have seen cocoa as an alternative to the evils of alcohol, historians have suggested
Famous Quakers include William Penn, who founded Pennsylvania in 1681, ex-US presidents Herbert Hoover and Richard Nixon, English actor Sir Ben Kingsley and musicians Bonnie Raitt and Tom Robinson
Now the county council plans to expose the county's "best kept secret" with the unveiling of a plaque and a heritage trail around the town.
"It amazes me that people aren't aware," said Mr Holt, who has attended Quaker meetings in Mansfield for more than 30 years and has been studying Fox's links to the town.
"I printed a little book to hand out to schools and various libraries but somehow it doesn't seem to click with anyone - they don't seem to realise the importance."
Laura Simpson, of the county council's tourism department, hopes the trail will attract visitors from around the world, particularly American tourists, to Nottinghamshire.
"With the Civil War Centre opening in Newark and the Pilgrim Fathers coming from Scrooby and Babworth, we hope Mansfield becomes part of a bigger package for tourists," she said.
"Given the increasing popularity of heritage tourism and the desire of people to find out more about their ancestors and religious origins, we hope this can be a draw for visitors from across the globe."
So why is so little known about the Quakers in Mansfield? Perhaps one reason is the town's first meeting house, where Quakers met to worship, was demolished in the 1970s to make way for a road.
The remains of about 150 Quakers buried here up until the 1950s were removed and placed in an unmarked mass grave in the town's cemetery.
In recent years a headstone was put up in the cemetery - the only reminder of Mansfield's Quaker heritage.
The heritage trail and audio tour starts at the recently-built bus station, which now stands on the site, and a plaque will be unveiled, listing the names of the Quakers who were once buried there.
The trail continues to Quaker almshouses, built in 1691 for the poor, to the church outside which Fox received his calling, the Catholic church which stands on the site of his home and the current Mansfield Friends Meeting House.
It also includes the Metal Box Factory's clock tower - a symbol of Quakerism's links to the business world. The factory made tin containers and was founded and run by three prominent local Quaker families until it closed.
Tourists can also visit the home of Elizabeth Hooton, the first female Quaker, in nearby Skegby. This became the first meeting house and was also where many early Quakers were buried in unmarked graves - as dissenters, they could not be buried in consecrated ground.
Another reason why Mansfield's Quaker heritage is little known is that Quakers are "reticent" to shout about their religion, according to Anne van Staveren, media officer for Quakers in Britain.
"The church as we know it today is still the working structure that Fox founded," she added.
The Yearly Meeting, which he also began, will be held next week when more than 1,000 Quakers from around Britain will gather in Friends House in London to "listen in stillness and silence for the will of God".
Time will tell if the Mansfield trail attracts international visitors in the numbers the council hopes. But, given the Quakers' commitment to equality, it is unlikely Fox would approve of the celebrity status it may give him.
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They were once at the vanguard of the UK's Cold War effort but much of Britain's former nuclear submarine fleet now lies rusting in Devonport dockyard with its radioactive cargo still intact. But how dangerous is it to live next to a nuclear graveyard?
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By Jonathan MorrisBBC News, Plymouth
In a housing estate near Plymouth, mother-of-one Christelle Gilbert confesses she is more than a little worried about her next-door neighbours - 12 retired nuclear submarines.
Two months ago, the latest arrival - HMS Tireless - sailed into the base. Like seven of the hulks already there, the Ministry of Defence is still unable to remove her nuclear fuel and four more subs are expected to arrive in the next eight years.
Although defence chiefs insist the subs are safe, some experts have warned of potential radiation leaks. Many residents now just want the subs to go.
"They need to get rid of the submarines, it's disgusting that it is taking so long," said Ms Gilbert.
"It's just too long for the submarines to be sitting there as a potential threat to the city. It's a lack of responsibility on the government's part not top get them moved.
"I have a son and I don't want his future jeopardised by it."
A former Devonport worker, Ian Avent, who still lives in the area, said he was also concerned about safety.
"There are three primary schools within spitting distance of the dockyard," he said. "There has got to be a foolproof process and the dismantling worries me.
"We have had rail trucks going off the track at the dockyard. Luckily they didn't have fuel rods on. If contractors are doing the work I fear they could cut corners."
The queue of nuclear submarines waiting to have their fuel disposed of began in 2002 when the Office of Nuclear Regulation (ONR), then called the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate, told the MoD the Devonport facilities did not meet modern standards.
This has been compounded by the fact the UK does not yet have a suitable facility for disposing of the subs' reactors, which means that those subs that have been defueled cannot yet be dismantled.
"The MoD has had since the 1980s to deal with the legacy of nuclear submarines and they thought it would be a simpler task than it has proved to be," said Peter Burt, a researcher at the anti-nuclear weapons pressure group, the Nuclear Information Service.
"The problem hinges around finding a waste depository - we still have no idea where it will be, or how much it will cost, so we are still a long way from a sensible solution to radioactive waste in this country.
Nuclear graveyards - why do they exist?
"Any delay in finding an interim site will leave the submarines there indefinitely, which is a major concern if you live there."
There are about 25 tonnes of radioactive waste - steel which has become radioactive - in the reactors of each decommissioned submarine.
But dismantling cannot take place until there is an agreement on where to take the waste material - and negotiations are still ongoing.
Five possible interim storage sites have now been selected, at Aldermaston and Burghfield in Berkshire, which are owned by the MoD, Sellafield in Cumbria, Chapelcross in Dumfriesshire, and Capenhurst in Cheshire.
Nuclear engineering consultant John Large, who has advised the government and environmental groups on nuclear issues, said that he believed Sellafield would be the option chosen.
"They want a site that will attract the least public attention," he said. "They all have strong MoD links, but you would not have to develop special facilities at Sellafield."
The MoD said it hoped to name a site for temporary reactor storage in 2015 and begin defuelling "as soon as possible", but Mr Large said the reactors should have been defueled and put into storage years ago.
"The submarines that have not been defueled are a significant risk," he said. "The consequences are enormous.
"To keep submarines in this condition, as floating hulks in the middle of a city of 260,000 souls such as Plymouth seems to be, quite frankly, technical madness.
"The submarines are well past their sell-by date and there is nothing in their design or hull design to suggest a post-operation period of this length.
How do other countries do it?
USA
The submarines' nuclear reactor compartments are removed and dismantled at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington. The USA has dismantled about 100 submarines.
The materials are buried and monitored at the Department of Energy's Hanford site in Washington.
The reactor fuel is removed and sent to the Naval Reactors Facility in the Idaho National Laboratory. Submarine sections are recycled, returning reusable materials to production.
Disposal of submarines costs $25m-50m (£15m-£30m) per submarine.
Source: US Environmental Protection Agency
Russia
A total of 199 retired nuclear submarines have so far been dismantled in Russia.
Dismantling takes place at the Nerpa Shipyard, in the Kola Peninsula, Zvyozdochka Shipyard in Severodvinsk and Zvezda Shipyard in Bolshoi Kamen.
Spent nuclear fuel is transported by ship and railway to Mayak reprocessing facility near Chelyabinsk, in Siberia, for storage and reprocessing.
The emptied reactor section of the submarine is cut off, sealed and transported to an onshore storage site at Sayda Bay in Siberia and a floating site in the Pavlovks submarine base, close to Vladivostok.
Source: The Bellona Foundation (independent environmental organisation)
France
France has dismantled three submarines at its military base at Cherbourg, where the reactor sections also are temporarily stored.
Source: The Bellona Foundation (independent environmental organisation)
"The US is decommissioning its submarines and the Royal Navy have been real laggards," he added. "You can put anti-corrosive into the system, but you still have a derelict hulk which is rotting away."
Environmentalists Greenpeace are also highly critical of the government.
"If you operate nuclear submarines you are going to have a problem in dealing with the risks and legacy of nuclear waste - that is something that successive governments have failed to admit, and prepare for," said spokesman Shaun Bernie.
"There are major risks with the current policy of storing retired nuclear submarines awaiting decommissioning - the overall problem being that the UK has failed to identify a long term storage disposal option for nuclear waste and that this problem will not be solved within the coming decades.
"Dismantling and removal of radioactive components from submarines at Devonport in addition to hazards such as radioactive releases into the environment will further turn Devonport into a de facto nuclear disposal site."
At Barne Barton Primary School, the nearest school to the naval base, staff and pupils practice an annual nuclear emergency drill.
In the "very unlikely" case of a leak, the council has put an emergency radiation leak plan on its website advising people to stay indoors and take iodine tablets to thwart the effects of radiation.
Leaflets with the same information were sent in September to residents in the Devonport and Barne Barton area overlooking the dockyards.
Kerry Evans, whose home is a short walk from the yard, said: "When we got the leaflet through the door it put the shivers up me.
"It's quite scary. I have children and my family to think about. If there is an accident it's going to affect everyone round here.
"Plymouth is a beautiful place, but when I read things like it puts me off living here."
Will Blagdon, who owns a boat refitting business in Devonport and is a member of the Devonport Neighbourhood Board, said he believed local people were more concerned about rubbish collections than the submarines.
"We have to trust in the Navy, the Ministry of Defence and the dockyard to ensure that proper maintenance of the submarines is in place," he said.
"Some people say they should not be so close to the city and built-up areas, but we have had a naval base for more than 200 years and it is part of life here and our heritage.
"Modern submarines require this kind of propulsion and the safety record at Devonport is pretty good."
The MoD said work to modernise Devonport had been "extremely complex" and would "take some time to complete".
It said it spent £700,000 a year maintaining the submarines and "all submarines presently stored afloat are well maintained to preserve them in a safe condition".
"We remain fully committed to restarting the defueling of our ex-Royal Navy nuclear submarines as soon as possible," a spokesman said.
It was "on track" to carry out a test dismantling of a submarine at Rosyth, in Scotland, in 2016.
Meanwhile, the city council, said it was liaising closely with the MoD to ensure the "highest possible" safety standards were maintained.
For Mike Gallagher, chairman of the Friends of Devonport Park which overlooks the base, the main issue is Plymouth's economic future.
The yard is a major employer, keeping about 2,500 services and civilian personnel in work.
"If the submarines are looked after properly and the dismantling is done safely I don't see a problem," he said.
"The word nuclear frightens people, but there is too much 'not in my back yard.'
"It has to go somewhere and it is work for Plymouth which is key."
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The last time he made headlines was with what some claimed were homophobic posts online (although he denies it). Sergei Polunin has been followed by controversy since he quit the Royal Ballet in London at 22. Can he remain the media's favourite "bad boy of ballet?"
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By Vincent DowdArts reporter, BBC News
Polunin sits in the Number One dressing room at the London Palladium and tries to sum up the ballet Rasputin, which is getting its premiere there this week. He's dancing the title part.
"I think often people know about Rasputin in Russian history - but know only a little bit.
"He's an interesting man, who in general I think meant well. But he was a holy man and a healer and to heal you need to stay pure. (The choreographer) Yuka Oishi has made a very human story: Rasputin had his own demons and his own dark spot where he went in his head."
Some critics might suggest Polunin, who's 29, could be talking about himself. Since he abruptly quit the Royal Ballet, where he'd been the youngest principal dancer ever, he's had a reputation for following his own path. Some think he's damaged his potential as the great male dancer of his generation.
He's a quiet talker prone to discuss life in big terms such as truth and spirit. He has good English but the flow of concepts remains Russian.
He says he doesn't believe in regrets but he knows some people were hurt and angered by comments on masculinity he made on Instagram at the end of last year - though he insists they were in no way anti-gay.
He'd been about to appear with the Paris Opera Ballet and the comments read in part:
"Man up to all men who is doing ballet there is already ballerina on stage don't need to be two. Man should be a man and woman should be a woman. Masculine and Feminine energies creates balance (...) Need a good slap to wake you up Unbelievable!!!"
The comments, however you interpret them, disappointed some fans. "I think what appeared after in newspapers and magazines can't be justified by what I said online: it was more a matter of what people said against me in the company (in Paris).
"I was saying it's important to have male energy in dance. I know that audiences love that individuality and the man must have strength. It doesn't matter if you are gay or straight: the man should have strength to take care of families and take care of loved ones."
In another post he complained about overweight people. The Paris Opera Ballet withdrew its invitation for Polunin to dance Prince Siegfried in Swan Lake.
Polunin says the whole incident taught him to be wary of social media. There is still an Instagram account, "But now my team does it. I did Instagram for three months but then in February the energy went and I didn't want to write any more.
"It was a weird, interesting experience and it felt like there was a certain karma that I had to go through. But actually I felt free after, free to dance."
He says that when people first applied the "bad boy" label he decided he would play with it. "I wanted to show I was the worst but I should have listened to myself.
"People think the label helped my career but commercially I had a problem because certain companies didn't want to associate with me. I dug a hole for myself."
What excites him is creating new work, like the Rasputin ballet and the evening of short works in London.
"That's what I'm about. But in established companies you usually get one new work a year and that's it. For those companies dance has become about the past."
Polunin says the classical repertoire can be physically too easy to dance. "And I miss the easiness of classical ballet. The contemporary programmes in London are harder and much more damaging for the body. With classical ballet you are relaxed mentally because it's what you learnt but I want to push myself.
"And I am getting older. But that also means you are getting stronger in certain areas and you have more stamina. It's an interesting conversation with your body."
He's not alone on stage in London. He's with other dancers such as Johan Kobborg but it's Polunin his audiences pay to see. "I'm channelling energy and I may just be standing on stage but they will get the story.
"They may get enlightened or upset but it will make them feel. That's the artist's job to make them feel what maybe they're not going to feel outside.
"But I never know if it's going to be my best show or I'm not going to feel it. Will it be a quiet performance or very emotional? But I will step on stage and I will trust the universe, I will trust the moment that it's going to be right. I am trying to project a positive energy. It's not about being modern or classical or about being sexy: it's all about exchanging energies with the audience."
Increasingly that audience is also seeing Polunin on screen or online. He took a role in the recent film White Crow and had a non-dancing part in Murder on the Orient Express. He stars in the French film Passion Simple, to be released later this year.
But undoubtedly his best-known dance is the video shot five years ago in Hawaii by the American photographer David LaChappelle. Polunin's intense solo performance to the Hozier song Take Me To Church has been watched 27 million times on YouTube.
"I'm just at the beginning of the road with movies but I want to explore a lot more. A combination of acting and dancing makes sense as a dancer gets older but also it will popularise ballet.
"And on YouTube music videos are the most watched thing. It's clear social media will be very important for the future of dance."
His performance in Take Me To Church is a combination of huge energy, eroticism and despair. Can he continue to get so much passion into a four-minute format?
"I feel different every time I dance: it's never the same. If parts of that video were sexy or sad I think I was just in that mood the day we shot it. I'd love to do a comedy ballet as well.
"For the first time ever now I am not in a fight with the dance: I feel comfortable with dancing. I do feel polarities inside myself of angels and demons, of white and black. It's a matter of which road you want to take."
Sergei Polunin is performing at the London Palladium until Saturday.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected].
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A full list of winners for the 87th Academy Awards.
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Best picture
Winner: Birdman
American Sniper
Boyhood
The Grand Budapest Hotel
The Imitation Game
Selma
The Theory of Everything
Whiplash
Best director
Winner: Alejandro G Inarritu, Birdman
Wes Anderson, The Grand Budapest Hotel
Richard Linklater, Boyhood
Bennett Miller, Foxcatcher
Morten Tyldum, The Imitation Game
Best actor
Winner: Eddie Redmayne, The Theory of Everything
Steve Carell, Foxcatcher
Bradley Cooper, American Sniper
Benedict Cumberbatch, The Imitation Game
Michael Keaton, Birdman
Best actress
Winner: Julianne Moore, Still Alice
Marion Cotillard, Two Days, One Night
Felicity Jones, The Theory of Everything
Rosamund Pike, Gone Girl
Reese Witherspoon, Wild
Best supporting actor
Winner: JK Simmons, Whiplash
Robert Duvall, The Judge
Ethan Hawke, Boyhood
Edward Norton, Birdman
Mark Ruffalo, Foxcatcher
Best supporting actress
Winner: Patricia Arquette, Boyhood
Laura Dern, Wild
Keira Knightley, The Imitation Game
Emma Stone, Birdman
Meryl Streep, Into the Woods
Best adapted screenplay
Winner: The Imitation Game
American Sniper
Inherent Vice
The Theory of Everything
Whiplash
Best original screenplay
Winner: Birdman
Boyhood
Foxcatcher
The Grand Budapest Hotel
Nightcrawler
Best animated feature
Winner: Big Hero 6
The Boxtrolls
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Song of the Sea
The Tale of Princess Kaguya
Best animated short
Winner: Feast
The Bigger Picture
The Dam Keeper
Me and My Moulton
A Single Life
Best cinematography
Winner: Birdman
The Grand Budapest Hotel
Ida
Mr Turner
Unbroken
Best costume design
Winner: The Grand Budapest Hotel
Inherent Vice
Into the Woods
Maleficent
Mr Turner
Best documentary feature
Winner: CitizenFour
Finding Vivian Maier
Last Days in Vietnam
The Salt of the Earth
Virunga
Best documentary short
Winner: Crisis Hotline: Veterans Press 1
Joanna
Our Curse
The Reaper
White Earth
Best film editing
Winner: Whiplash
American Sniper
Boyhood
The Grand Budapest Hotel
The Imitation Game
Best foreign language film
Winner: Ida (Poland)
Leviathan (Russia)
Tangerines (Estonia)
Timbuktu (Mauritania)
Wild Tales (Argentina)
Best live action short
Winner: The Phone Call
Aya
Boogaloo and Graham
Butter Lamp (La Lampe Au Beurre De Yak)
Parvaneh
Best make-up & hairstyling
Winner: The Grand Budapest Hotel
Foxcatcher
Guardians of the Galaxy
Best original score
Winner: The Grand Budapest Hotel
The Imitation Game
Interstellar
Mr Turner
The Theory of Everything
Best production design
Winner: The Grand Budapest Hotel
The Imitation Game
Interstellar
Into the Woods
Mr Turner
Best song
Winner: Glory, Selma
Everything is Awesome, The Lego Movie
Grateful, Beyond the Lights
I'm Not Gonna Miss You, Glen Campbell… I'll Be Me
Lost Stars, Begin Again
Best sound editing
Winner: American Sniper
Birdman
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
Interstellar
Unbroken
Best sound mixing
Winner: Whiplash
American Sniper
Birdman
Interstellar
Unbroken
Best visual effects
Winner: Interstellar
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
Guardians of the Galaxy
X-Men: Days of Future Past
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A white South African teenager has undergone a traditional circumcision, even though dozens of boys die each year in such ceremonies, which are seen as a rite of passage into manhood in some communities. He told the BBC's Pumza Fihlani it had changed him for the better.
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Seventeen-year-old Brandon de Wet, from South Africa's Eastern Cape province, went through with the ritual, which is not without its risks, with his Xhosa friend of 13 years, Yanelisa Somyo.
"It was a really tough road and was like nothing I've ever experienced," Brandon told the BBC about the three-week long experience in the mountains.
"It was challenging mentally but it was worth it," he said proudly.
The practice of ritual circumcision is common among ethnic Xhosas and Ndebeles - two of South Africa's most numerous communities.
"Yanelisa and I have been friends since we started school as young boys. Sharing this with him has strengthened our friendship even more," says Brandon.
"I also have a better understanding of his culture."
The two go to a mainly white private school in the city of East London.
They were joined by Yanelisa's cousin Mbuzeli Somyo.
When young Xhosa boys are aged between 15 and 17, their families prepare to take them to an initiation school - where they will be under the care of an "ingcibi", a traditional surgeon, and an "ikhankatha", a traditional nurse.
This ritual is usually performed over the June school holidays or in December.
Secrecy
Deep in the mountains, they are taught the virtues of manhood and how to become upstanding men in their communities, among other things.
But it is a practice steeped in secrecy, so Brandon is careful not to give any intimate details of what he and his friend went through.
True to tradition he simply says that it was a "difficult time".
He recalls how accommodating his ingcibi was throughout his time there - but said he did not receive any special treatment.
"I can understand a bit of Xhosa but my surgeon would explain the details of what was going to happen and why it was important in English," says Brandon.
Although most aspects of the ceremony are secret, some aspects are known.
After the circumcision operation, the boys enter a specially built hut called an iboma, where they live together throughout the initiation period.
Their families prepare food for them and send young girls to deliver it.
The incibi will give instructions on what food should be prepared for the initiates. He treats the boys' wounds with herbal mixtures and is expected to monitor the healing process to make sure that there are no infections.
During this time the boys are clothed only in loincloths and covered in blankets, while white mud is smeared all over their body.
At the end of the initiation period they all bath at a river and wash off the mud - a symbol of leaving their "old selves" behind.
They burn the iboma where they had been living, another sign of leaving the old behind and beginning a new life.
The initiates then paint their bodies with red mud - this is how everyone at the homecoming knows that they have finished the entire course.
They are also given new blankets, which only those who have completed the ritual are allowed to wear.
In recent years many have begun to question the role of traditional circumcision in a modern society, especially with dozens of boys dying at bogus initiation schools every year.
All traditional surgeons should be registered with the authorities - in the past, they were well-known members of the community but recently untrained people have seen setting up initiation schools as a way to make money, locals say.
In the current initiation season alone, more than 70 boys across the country have died from dehydration, gangrene and septic wounds and others from multiple assault after weeks of maltreatment at the hands of their supposed carers.
Knowing all this, it was an especially difficult decision for Brandon's parents to go along with.
"I sat him down and tried to persuade him to change his mind. But I could tell that his mind was made up," his mother Charlene de Wet told me.
"The only thing that gave me comfort was knowing that the Somyo family would take good care of him and they did," she said.
"I remember the day he left, the goodbye was so abrupt. They just whisked him away. I felt both sad and anxious."
Traditionally, women are not allowed to come into contact with the boys during their initiation period.
They are not allowed to ask questions about what happens in the mountains - a sign of the patriarchy that exists in rural South Africa.
About 20,000 boys in Eastern Cape go to initiation schools during each season, according to the province's health department.
But those who swear by the practice say that when done in the correct way, it poses no threat to the lives of the young men.
"This is an ancient practice that has an important role in grooming our sons. I underwent it as a young man, it helped to shape me into the man I am today," Mlibo Qoboshiyane, Eastern Cape's local government and traditional affairs minister, told the BBC.
However, families need to play a more active role in the process, he says, firstly by ensuring that they choose a reputable "ingcibi" and "ikhankatha" and secondly by visiting their boys regularly to make sure that they are being treated well.
A hero's welcome
Brandon's father, Dave de Wet, agrees.
As a man, he was allowed to visit his son.
"I checked on my boy every other day. This helped me to be comfortable with what was happening," he said.
On the day of their homecoming to Gqumashe village, there was a huge feast and euphoric celebration; the boys, now considered men, were received like kings. There was singing, ululating and dancing.
"The outpouring of love from the community was just overwhelming," Mr de Wet told the BBC.
"It was a really proud moment for us."
Some villagers were surprised to see a white boy with the other initiates initially but Brandon says they made him feel like part of that community.
But not all initiates return to such festivities. During the June holiday season, 300 boys were admitted into hospitals across the province, 10 of whom had their penises amputated because of their wounds.
And five men have been arrested in connection with the deaths of 30 boys.
Mr de Wet tells me that this experience was a learning curve not just for Brandon but for his entire family.
All three boys are back home in East London, and normal life has resumed.
But Brandon's parent say they have noticed a change in their son.
"He seems a lot more placid, a lot more mature. This experience has definitely changed him," his mother says.
His father says it has been an "invaluable lesson for him".
"He was exposed to another way of life and now has a deeper appreciation of the luxuries that he would have otherwise taken for granted."
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A 24-year old man has been arrested after firearms were discovered in a property in Glasgow.
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Police were called to Delvin Road in the Cathcart area of the city at about 21:20 on Monday, following reports of a man carrying a gun.
Officers initially found no trace of the man. However, their investigation led them to a property in nearby Kirkwell Road.
Two firearms were later found, according to police.
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The last time Amazon boss Jeff Bezos was here, he wore a long Indian coat, climbed into a gaudily decorated truck, posed for pictures and promised to invest a couple of billion dollars. He also gave dozens of media interviews. "You hear all the time that there are so many obstacles in doing business in India, but that's not our experience," he told a newspaper.
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Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent
Five years on, the world's richest man has arrived on a two-day visit to a much less enthusiastic reception.
A union of small traders who claim to represent tens of millions of brick-and-mortar businesses have planned protests in 300 cities against Mr Bezos, accusing his firm of predatory pricing. They complain that the online giant's now six-year-old retail operation in the country is hurting them badly. Praveen Khandelwal of the Confederation of All India Traders, which is organising the protests, says Amazon's "sinister game and evil designs" have "already destroyed the business of tens of thousands of small traders" in India.
If this was not enough, hours before Mr Bezos's arrival, India's anti-trust regulator opened a formal investigation into the business practices of Amazon and its Indian competitor Flipkart, an Indian e-retailer, mostly owned by Walmart.
The regulator says it is looking into allegations of predatory pricing, the exclusive launch of mobile phones, deep discounting and preferential treatment of selected sellers by the online giants, among other things. Amazon said in a statement it would co-operate, address the allegations and was "confident in our compliance [with local rules]".
Amazon claims to have done a lot to empower retailers in India, its fastest-growing market.
With more than 60,000 employees and $5bn of investment in the country, the Seattle-based giant says it works with more than half a million sellers on the market place. (Under Indian laws, the site can only sell third-party goods from independent sellers.) More than half of the sellers come from small towns and cities, and many have grown rich during the site's popular festival sales, the firm claims.
Amazon also partners with small, so-called mom-and-pop stores to help customers buy products from the site for a commission. Some 50,000 Indian sellers have shipped $1bn worth of goods to destinations outside India, under a programme that enables them to list and sell their products around the world, the company claims.
On Tuesday, Mr Bezos announced that Amazon would aim to export goods worth $10bn from India by 2025. He also promised to invest $1bn in digitising small and medium businesses here. Mr Bezos is attending a company event in Delhi to fete small and medium businesses who partner with his firm. These initiatives do not appear to impress the protesters. "Mr Bezos is creating a false narrative of empowering small retailers," Mr Khandelwal says.
Amazon and Flipkart overwhelmingly dominate India's $39bn online retail market. Fuelled by an explosion of mobile phone subscribers - more than a billion already - and cheap data, it is the fastest growing e-commerce market and is expected to grow to $120bn in 2020. E-commerce attracted 124 rounds of international investor funding in 2017 alone. There are now more than 4,700 such start-ups in India.
But India is also a country where neighbourhood stores thrive.
These nifty stores - called kirana or neighbourhood corner shops - continue to rule the brick-and-mortar retail space. According to consulting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers, there are 12 million such stores in India and an increasing number of them are adopting technology - accepting debit and credit cards and wallet payments, for example - to serve customers better. Researchers at the Indian School of Business who analysed more than a million sales transactions of a fast-moving consumer goods company in India with corner shops and organised retail for three years found that the mom-and-pop stores had a higher ability to earn a profit than modern trade outlets.
Amazon is no stranger to battling regulators around the world. Last year EU anti-trust regulators opened an investigation after allegations that Amazon misuses "sensitive data" from independent retailers who sell on the online giant's website. The retailers' relationships with sellers of third-party goods is also being investigated in the US and Europe.
India is a promising, but tricky market. On the one hand, India's small traders are often seen as resistant to change and protectionist in nature. They also receive the backing of populist political parties.
On the other hand, there are genuine fears about the future of small brick-and-mortar businesses which face the onslaught of online giants. Consumers are largely happy with the speedy delivery and low prices that the e-commerce giants offer. And the government needs foreign investment to grow a slowing economy. How the regulator and Mr Bezos negotiate the maze will be interesting to see.
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"The first one that went, I really wanted to keep her actually - and I remember standing on the drive, waving goodbye, crying my eyes out and I said, 'I can never do this again'."
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By Jeanette LongBBC News
But Judith Harper, from Buckinghamshire, went on to foster about 100 children in need of a home over the past 25 years - and is being honoured for her commitment in the Queen's Birthday Honours.
After saying goodbye to her first foster child, she recalls: "The phone was ringing and we walked back into the house and somebody handed me the phone.
"'A little boy needs somewhere this weekend, will you consider it?' 'OK, bring him over then.' It was supposed to be for a weekend and he was with us six months, I think. From then, we just carried on and on."
Mrs Harper fostered some of those children until they were adopted, while others she cared for until they were old enough to look after themselves.
She and her husband - and their five children - also adopted two daughters.
Transforming lives
Mrs Harper is among a number of foster carers to be made an MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours.
This year's list includes a group of 15 foster carers who, between them, have fostered more than 1,000 children. They have been singled out for their help in transforming the lives of young people.
Mrs Harper particularly wanted to ensure siblings who had been taken into care were able to stay together, and also to provide a loving home for children with special needs.
"It's very rewarding. My adopted daughter, she came to us and we were told she wouldn't walk or talk. She's now running around, chattering - and fantastic," says Mrs Harper.
"The progress is different: it's so rewarding when they change from a child that people say is unmanageable to somebody who is clearly happy.
"One of my foster daughters is just so happy all the time now, whereas she used to be quite frantic when she first moved in with us."
'Every child is different'
Gordon and Brenda Potter, from Surrey, have been fostering for 43 years and have taken in approximately 200 children. The married couple are both being awarded an MBE this year.
Mrs Potter says she's "very proud and very humble that something we've enjoyed doing for so long has actually won us this award. I would hate never to have done it".
"We've enjoyed doing it, and the different children. They say every child is different - they certainly are," says Mr Potter.
Since being registered as foster carers in 1976, the Potters have continuously had at least one foster child in their care, as well as raising seven children of their own and adopting three more.
Mrs Potter recalls the faces of those parents who adopted the children she had been fostering.
"As you placed the child in their arms, knowing that this was something they had dreamed of for so long... that was so rewarding, that was how it started.
"From there, we started having children who had more problems when they came into care; watching them change from frightened, little, insecure children that then moved on to adoption when that time came for them."
Life-changing
Like the others, John Ankers, from Suffolk - who has also been appointed MBE - says he is surprised, but very proud. He also pays tribute to his wife's contribution.
Mr Ankers and his wife fostered about 100 children over 17 years, until 1990. The experience led him to work in a number of areas with young people; he is also nominated for his work as a Suffolk bench magistrate.
"I think we've learned an awful lot about children. I think we've learned an awful lot about ourselves as well and what kind of people we are," says Mr Ankers.
"And it's certainly changed our lives: I now work with young people at the edge of care, which is even more challenging than [working] with the foster ones. So yes, it's changed us an awful lot and I wouldn't have missed it one bit."
Others in this year's Birthday Honours' list recognised for their work in education include Jonathan Coles, chief executive of United Learning, who receives a knighthood.
Lee Major, of the Sutton Trust, and Sonia Watson, of the Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust, become OBEs, and David and Elizabeth Carney-Haworth - co-founders of Operation Encompass - are made OBEs for their work with children affected by domestic abuse.
Professor Anna Vignoles, of the University of Cambridge, becomes a CBE; and Frank Norris, of the Co-op Academies Trust, becomes an MBE.
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A father-of-three was found dead in his flat while a webcam was still filming, an inquest heard.
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Builder Leon Jenkins was discovered at his home in Cardiff by South Wales Police after it was tipped off by the administrator of a website.
The Coroner's Office said the 43-year-old was found in his flat in the Roath area of the city on 25 July.
The inquest in Pontypridd was adjourned for a full hearing to allow a full investigation into the death.
If you are experiencing emotional stress, help and support is available via BBC Action Line.
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At first glance, it was a game jam like any other.
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By Zoe KleinmanTechnology reporter, BBC News
Teams of developers, programmers and artists who had never met before, hunched over laptops, racing against the clock to create computer games from scratch in 24 hours.
With just four hours to go, thoughts about coding and graphics were frantically being exchanged over bowls of popcorn and strong coffee.
The only difference was that all the participants were women - and for that reason organisers Debbie Rawlings and Helen Kennedy believe the XX Game Jam held in east London at the end of October was the first of its kind in the UK.
"The whole idea of an all-female game jam is something I discussed a while ago," said Helen Kennedy, a founding member of a group called Women in Games.
"I took the idea out and pitched it for funding and they told me it couldn't be done, the whole format of a game jam was somehow too masculine to be done with just women. I thought that was a rather challenging thing to say as I don't believe in those sorts of categorisations."
Global demand
The pair certainly had no problem finding recruits for this event, held in the offices of Mind Candy, creators of Moshi Monsters.
"Within eight days of the registration going live we had filled 40 spaces," said Debbie Rawlings.
"We have a waiting list of about another 40 already so we could run another next week and I'm totally confident that would sell out too."
Three women travelled all the way from Copenhagen to take part.
Andrea Hasselager, Nevin Eronde and Rositsa Deneva run game development workshops for teenage girls around the world, and decided to put themselves in their shoes for the weekend.
"The girls are really very interested - the thing is that maybe they've never been introduced to something like that before," said Ms Hasselager.
"Their games definitely have stories from their own lives - one group made a game about dating the cute guy from school, getting your chores done so fast so you can get to your date.
"Guys wouldn't make a game like that."
Sex appeal
Helen Kennedy also believes that a larger presence of women in the games industry will change the landscape of the games themselves.
She cites Maxis, creator of The Sims, and Mind Candy, whose Moshi Monsters have become a big hit among the under-12s, as two games developers with a good balance of men and women on board.
"If you have more women on your team, you might get a different dynamic in the workplace that might transform some of the decision making that happens," she said.
That's not to say that female characters would all suddenly start wearing sensible shoes and sports bras.
"Women like to make sexy women too," said Ms Kennedy.
"They might be less overly hyper-sexual, less passive, there might be more complicated characterisation, but women love active sexy women just as much as men do.
"It's the victim or passive wall-dressing that you get that women find rather repellent."
Lovelace legend
The theme for games created at the XX Game Jam was clockwork, a nod to Ada Lovelace, the female mathematician credited with writing the world's first computer programs in the 1800s.
She worked with Charles Babbage, an inventor whose "difference engine", a complex calculation machine which he designed but never built, is now considered to be the earliest computer.
The women worked in teams of five and their games included clockwork crocodiles and android Grim Reapers.
"We're all helping each other out, solving each other's problems," said participant Jo Evershed.
"Tool challenges have been our biggest challenges, getting our computers working together, understanding each other's strengths and limitations.
"As always in all projects, it's the human bit that's the difficult bit."
The prizes for the winning team were tool kits - a nod to the masculine environment that women in the games industry find themselves in.
"I hardly ever see any women in my job," said developer Helen Mealey, who had only previously attended game jams as an online participant. "It's a nice change."
The XX Games Jam will also feature on Click Radio, BBC World Service, on 6 November.
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Stagecoach has launched an investigation after one of its vehicles caught fire while carrying passengers.
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The fire broke out shortly after 20:00 BST on Thursday, between Drybrook and Mitcheldean in the Forest of Dean.
Two fire crews from Cinderford were called out and remained at the scene until almost midnight.
No-one was injured, but the bus was extensively damaged and four metres of the road required resurfacing.
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Discussing pay at work can be a touchy subject.
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Whether it is the moment in a job interview when the topic of money is raised, or a request for an advance at the end of an expensive month, it is rarely a comfortable conversation.
But for almost one in five workers, having a conversation about their salary with a colleague could be more than uncomfortable, it could get them fired, according to a study.
A survey by the Trades Union Congress suggests that 18% of workers had been told that they were not allowed to discuss pay with their colleagues
"Pay secrecy clauses are a get out of jail free card for bad bosses," said TUC general secretary Frances O'Grady.
"They stop workers from challenging unfair pay, allow top executives to hoard profits and encourage discrimination against women and disabled people."
Half of workers asked said they did not know what senior managers in their organisation earned. And 53% said they were not given information about other people's pay.
Fewer than one five said their workplace had a transparent pay policy.
"Talking about pay can feel a bit uncomfortable, but more openness about wages is essential to building fairer workplaces," Ms O'Grady said.
'Ignorance can be bliss'
Tracy Jordan, an HR professional, told the BBC she would rather not know what her colleagues are earning.
She has worked in teams that all know or have access to information about how much each person is paid.
"I personally have found it's better not looking and not knowing," she said.
"Even if you feel you are paid a fair wage, there will always be someone that you perceive is doing a lesser job and is earning more."
"Rather than feeling perpetually dissatisfied, I think ignorance can be bliss."
However, Joseph Bunkle, a data analyst, said that approach only benefits bosses.
"Wouldn't it feel bad knowing you're being paid less than a colleague for the same job because you felt like 'it's just not something I like to discuss'?"
Romey Watters, who works in digital marketing, thinks there is a generational divide between those who are willing to discuss their salary and those who are not.
"I think younger people tend to be more transparent with sharing details about their salaries, perhaps because things like buying a house seem more unobtainable and the retirement age is increasing," she told the BBC.
"I also think that companies sometimes encourage a culture of employees not disclosing what they earn as it could highlight a problem they want to avoid dealing with."
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The fall and sack of the city of Troy at the hands of an avenging Greek army is one that has been told for some 3,000 years, but contained within it are clues to a much wider global collapse - with lessons for our own 21st Century.
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By Tim BowlerBusiness reporter, BBC News
In 1300BC, at the height of the Bronze Age, the great powers of Egypt, the Hittites in central Turkey, the Greeks, Babylonians and Middle Eastern city states would have seemed secure to any merchant sailing around the Mediterranean.
None more so than the walled city of Troy, on Turkey's north west coast at the mouth of the Dardanelles.
Ships were often forced to wait in its harbours for suitable winds to sail into the Sea of Marmara and Black Sea, so it was ideally placed to grow rich by taxing this trade.
Yet just over 100 years later, by about 1170BC, almost all these civilisations had collapsed. In the dark age that followed even the art of writing was lost.
In Greek mythology, the tale of the fall of Troy was encapsulated in two epics - the Iliad and the Odyssey - traditionally attributed to the poet Homer, and set down in writing about 400 years later.
"He wasn't writing history but it is apparent that Troy was an important fortified place," says J Lesley Fitton, keeper of the department of Greece and Rome at the British Museum.
Interconnected world
The Bronze Age was typified by palace-based states all interacting and partially dependent on each other - which has similarities with our own age with its interconnected economies and financial markets, just-in-time manufacturing processes and international supply chains.
The key commodity of the age was bronze - without which no country could equip an army.
The copper came from Cyprus but the tin had to come 4,000km (2,500 miles) from Afghanistan; transported overland to Syria and then in ships along the coast, it was as vital as oil is now.
Dr Carol Bell, of University College London says that getting enough tin to produce "weapons-grade bronze" would have exercised the minds of rulers "in the same way that supplying gasoline to the American SUV driver at reasonable cost occupies the mind of a US president today".
Trade vulnerability
In the 21st Century, we are still vulnerable to interruptions to global trade.
In 2012, global oil prices climbed after Iran threatened to close the Straits of Hormuz, through which about 20% of global oil supplies pass. Iran said this would cause a shock to markets that "no country" could manage.
Last year, a Chatham House think-tank report urged governments to do more to protect key "chokepoints" on trade routes. It said the Dardanelles, the Turkish Straits, were "particularly critical for wheat, a fifth of global exports pass through them each year".
"A serious interruption at one or more of these chokepoints could conceivably lead to supply shortfalls and price spikes, with systemic consequences that could reach beyond food market," it added.
Back in the Bronze Age, it didn't take much to cause economic chaos. You only need a "few small interruptions or environmental problems," says Andrew Shapland, Greek Bronze Age curator at the British Museum.
Climate change
Then as now, climate change was a key factor. "We know that led to famine," says Eric Cline professor of archaeology at George Washington University, Washington DC
Indeed, pollen analysis, marine and oxygen isotope data show the period experienced 300-year-long droughts. The Mediterranean cooled significantly at this time, reducing rainfall levels over land.
But the Bronze Age states were then hit by multiple events. Not just sustained droughts and famine, but also numerous volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, civil unrest, mass refugee migrations, trade disruptions and war.
"If only one thing happens you can survive. The difference in the late Bronze Age is you get the perfect storm. With one, two, three or four events you're looking at multiplier effects - you can't survive," says Prof Cline.
Our own world may be more resilient yet even today earthquakes can cause economic chaos. When Japan was struck by the 2011 Tohoku or Fukushima earthquake and tsunami, the economic impact was felt right across Asia.
Multiple impacts
By 1250BC problems were accumulating. One Hittite queen appealed to Egypt for help, saying "I have no grain in my land". A Syrian merchant warned that "there is famine in our house, if you do not quickly arrive here we will all die of hunger".
To help alleviate the situation the Egyptians started food shipments to their neighbours.
And even in the Bronze Age, governments were keen to promote their international aid programmes. One pharaoh boasted he "caused grain to be taken in ships to keep alive this land of Hatti (the Hittites)".
Despite this international co-operation it was not enough.
Whether those who lived around the palaces turned on their rulers because they were not getting fed or had lost their jobs is unclear. But as crops and economies failed, it triggered civil wars and the mass migration of refugees.
Homer: Truth or fiction?
In Homer, it is the affair between Troy's prince Paris and Greek queen Helen that triggers the legendary war.
In reality, contemporary records from the neighbouring Hittites confirm the Greeks "had a number of military campaigns in the west coast of Anatolia", says Spyros Bakas of the Koryvantes Association for Historical Studies, with one Greek ruler "leading 100 chariots and an infantry force against a Hittite prince".
The two sides certainly clashed over Troy (which was a Luwian city, sometimes allied to the Hittites). At one point Troy's royal family was deposed, and there is also a Hittite letter to a Greek king about a peace deal over Troy.
None of this proves Homer's accuracy but "Troy was clearly a place that could amass great wealth so it was always going to attract people who might want to sack it," says J Lesley Fitton.
Sacking of cities
Troy was certainly sacked around 1200BC though there is nothing from it or Greece (Greek records are little more than administrative lists) to shed light on what happened. But in Syria we do have the voices of the victims of the wider catastrophe.
The ruler of Ugarit, wrong-footed by fast-moving events, asked for help saying: "All my troops and chariots are in the land of Hatti and all my ships are in the land of Lukka. Thus, the country is abandoned to itself."
His appeal seems to have fallen on deaf ears; perhaps his neighbours were also hard-pressed. If any help did arrive it came too late, according to one of the last tablets from the doomed city.
"When your messenger arrived, the army was humiliated and the city was sacked. Our food in the threshing floors was burnt and the vineyards were also destroyed.
"Our city is sacked. May you know it! May you know it!"
Those who survived possibly ended being sold as slaves, or joined the growing number of refugees and lawless freebooters as societies broke down.
Blaming migrants
For their part, the Egyptians had a simple answer to what caused all the Bronze Age states to collapse: it was all the fault of different groups from around the Mediterranean, groups they called "the Sea Peoples".
"The foreign countries made a conspiracy in their islands. All at once the lands were removed and scattered in the fray. No land could stand before their arms," says one Egyptian inscription.
Egypt seems to have had time to defend itself and its army beat off the Sea Peoples, says Prof Cline, with pharaoh Ramses III proclaiming "I overthrew those who invaded from their lands... they were made as those that exist not" .
Andrew Shapland cautions that we need to be careful how we read such government statements: "Ramses is just taking these migrants and he's making them the aggressors.
"What if he is doing what any right-wing politician today is doing - and finding an outside set of people and blaming them for the economic woes?"
Pyrrhic victory
If the Greeks really did vanquish the Trojans, their victory was short-lived. Most Greek palaces were also soon destroyed or abandoned; the Hittites, Syrian city states, Assyrians and Babylonians also collapsed. Only Egypt survived.
Unlike Bronze Age rulers who could only pray to their storm god for rain if the crops failed, we are far more aware of global problems and have far more technical resources to deal with them, says Prof Cline.
But Homer's is a cautionary tale, he argues.
"Every civilisation in the world has ultimately collapsed. It would be very hubristic to think we will be the only civilisation to survive."
Troy: Fall of a City
The BBC/Netflix eight-part drama retells Homer's story from the Trojans' viewpoint. "The story we're telling has an epic and political sweep but is also deeply human and intimate," says writer David Farr.
Troy: Fall of a City starts at 9.10pm, 17 February, on BBC One.
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A man has been charged over an alleged attack in south London in which two Met Police officers were hurt.
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They had attended a home in Stanley Road, Carshalton, on 13 January to deal with reports of a man attacking his family.
Lahiru Pathranage, 22, has been charged with four offences, including assaulting the two officers and attacking his father.
He was remanded into custody to appear at Camberwell Magistrates' Court.
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In 1988, a small-time drug dealer became the first man charged under a new, harsh drug law signed by then-President Ronald Reagan. Almost 30 years later, President Barack Obama granted a sentence commutation to Richard Van Winrow, a literal posterboy for the history of America's drug war.
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By Jessica LussenhopBBC News Magazine
When he was 22 years old, Winrow was arrested in his mother's home in Los Angeles, California, with 151.9 grams of crack cocaine, a scale, a gun and $3,209 (£2,444) in cash. It was not his first bust - he had been arrested three times over the course of three months with tiny amounts of the same drug, and admitted he was a dealer.
Winrow was sentenced to life in prison under a brand new law. He was the first person in the US to be charged under the Anti-Drug Abuse Law of 1988, one of the cornerstones of Reagan's "war on drugs".
"The poor schmuck just happened to be unlucky that he is the first one," Assistant US Attorney John Gordon told reporters at the time.
This week, that same "poor schmuck" got the news he has been hoping for for 28 years - he is going home. He was one of 111 inmates who were granted clemency by President Obama this week. A total of 673 inmates have been approved for clemency by the administration so far.
"It's amazing: yesterday I got to call three people who had been told they would spend the rest of their lives in prison and told them they were going to get out," says Mark Osler, a lawyer who is representing several clemency petitioners around the country, including Winrow.
"He was the most even-keeled of the people I talked to. I think that he seemed to have had a justified hope that this day would come."
At the time of Winrow's arrest, the country was in the worst throes of the crack epidemic. The cheap, highly addictive form of cocaine was ravaging predominantly African-American neighbourhoods like Winrow's in Los Angeles. During these years, the homicide rate for young, African-American men rose significantly, with officials placing the blame on gangs warring over drug territory.
In response, then-President Reagan passed new federal laws that doled out harsh mandatory sentences for possession or distribution of even small amounts of crack.
In 1988, just months before Winrow was arrested, Reagan signed into law an addendum that made it possible to sentence men and women who were on their third crack possession charge to a life behind bars without the possibility of parole.
Los Angeles police believed that such a punitive sentencing strategy would deter young dealers, or inspire them if caught to turn in their more powerful bosses.
At the time, Winrow was acknowledged to be no kingpin. None of his previous crimes involved any acts of violence.
But the judge in the case was unswayed. "Congress has gone out to battle the drug war, and this man is one of the enemies," he said just before handing down his decision: Winrow would die behind bars.
It was clear local police wanted to make an example out of Winrow. They announced that they would be plastering drug-ravaged neighbourhoods in Los Angeles with posters showing his face and detailing the crimes that had earned him a life sentence.
"It was really unbelievable to think they would do that to somebody, especially for the crime that it was," recalls Winrow's niece, Tammy Eley.
"So many people have been to jail for murder and that kind of thing - they've got out, went back to jail, and got out again."
A lot has changed since 1988.
The War on Drugs - at least the version that treated locking up street-level dealers and addicts for decades as an effective form of crime prevention - has been declared an "utter failure" by the current president.
The US incarcerates people at a higher rate than any other nation in the world in part thanks to laws like the 1988 one that sent Winrow away. Members of both main political parties regard this as an expensive and disastrous result.
In 2010, the Fair Sentencing Act signed by President Obama dismantled the mandatory five-year minimum for simple crack possession that Reagan championed, and dramatically reduced the sentencing disparity between crack cocaine possession and powder cocaine possession convictions. If Winrow were sentenced today, says Osler, he would have received 10 years instead of life.
Winrow was regarded as an "enemy" in the 1980s. This week, White House counsel Neil Eggleston referred to him as an "individual" who deserves a second chance. Throughout his incarceration, Winrow has never been violent. He has worked in the cafeteria and the law library, earning his high school equivalency degree and logging 105 hours in various classes.
Osler hopes that Winrow - who is set to be released in August 2017 and will go to live with relatives in Los Angeles - will make up for the lost time with his children and grandchildren, some of whom he has never met.
"It's a bookend on the harshest sense of retribution being applied indiscriminately. I think a crack dealer is no longer the worst thing a person can be," says Osler. "Crack didn't go away - just the people did."
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Private landlords seeking to cash in on the demand for housing during World War One did not reckon on a working class housewife rousing thousands of women to join a protest that led to restrictions on their power.
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By Steven BrocklehurstBBC Scotland news website
The outbreak of World War One saw many men leaving home to join the fight on the Western Front, but in Glasgow it also brought thousands of workers to the city to take up jobs in the shipyards and munitions factories.
The city's housing was already overcrowded and in a poor condition but, in the days before widespread council housing, private landlords saw this extra demand as an opportunity to raise rents for the thousands of tenants.
The rent rises were steep and aroused fury in working class districts such as Govan, the home of Mary Barbour, the driving force behind the resistance.
Dr Catriona Burness, who has been researching the life of Mrs Barbour, said: "In Glasgow you have got an overcrowded population living hugger-mugger in tenement flats, often slum flats.
"When war came, men went to the front but their families were left behind.
"At the same time there were more workers coming into the city, essential workers for the shipyards and in munitions factories."
Dr Burness adds: "The landlords saw the opportunity to put rents up and there was an immediate reaction against having rent increases at a point when the country was in crisis.
"People were being moved into extraordinary situations and, at the same time, private landlords were taking the opportunity to increase rents."
Mrs Barbour, by this time a 40-year-old housewife with two children, had been born into a carpet-weaving family in Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire.
When she was 21 she married an engineer who worked at the Fairfield shipyard and settled in Govan, becoming an active member of the Kinning Park Co-operative Guild.
She also became a member of the Independent Labour Party and the Socialist Sunday School, but it was the Glasgow rent strike that brought her to prominence.
Mrs Barbour was involved in every aspect of activities, from organising committees to the physical prevention of evictions.
The women who refused to pay the rent rises organised networks and systems of resistance which involved one woman in each tenement keeping watch for the bailiff's officer coming to evict a tenant for arrears.
Rent strike
When he appeared the lookout would ring a bell and the other women would rush to hurl flour bombs or other missiles at the bailiff to stop him carrying out his work.
By November 1915 as many as 20,000 tenants were on rent strike and the protest was spreading beyond Glasgow.
A decision by a Partick factor to prosecute 18 tenants for non-payment of a rent increase brought the crisis to a head.
On 17 November thousands of women, sometimes dubbed Mrs Barbour's Army, marched to the sheriff courts along with thousands of men from the shipyard and engineering workers.
Maria Fyfe, former Labour MP for Glasgow Maryhill, said: "If you had been standing outside the sheriff court on that day you would have seen an enormous crowd of people, 20,000 or more.
"Women had come from all over Glasgow, men had come out of the shipyards and the munitions works, and they were gathered all the way back to the City Chambers in George Square, filling the streets.
"They were singing songs, waving placards, and they had speakers such as John Maclean, Willie Gallacher and James Maxton, heroes of Glasgow's Red Clydeside days. It must have been very exciting."
Inside the court they were feeling alarmed and a call was made to David Lloyd George, who was munitions minister in the coalition government at that time.
Ms Fyfe says: "Lloyd George said to them 'release the tenants and I will get something done'.
"He said 'I promise you, action will be taken'.
"So a huge cheer went up outside in the street. Apparently they were partying for hours afterwards."
Lloyd George was as good as his word. The Rent Restriction Act was passed only a month later to bring rents back to pre-war levels throughout Britain and to hold them at that level for six months after the war was finished.
Ms Fyfe says: "What Mary Barbour achieved that day was something that benefited tenants across the whole of the country and I think she was real heroine."
After the war Mary Barbour was elected to Glasgow Town Council as its first woman Labour Councillor.
She later became Glasgow Corporation's first woman Baillie.
She died in 1958 at the age of 83.
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Last week there was a report in the French press that an Israeli salon was marketing a discreet hair-based kippa - the small cap worn as a visible symbol of Jewish faith - to European Jews who don't want to be that visible any more.
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Dominic CascianiHome affairs correspondent@BBCDomCon Twitter
It is the kind of story that feels like it's a sign of the times in the wake of the Paris attacks and heightened concern among British security chiefs for the safety of Jewish communities here.
In the UK, all the statistics for religiously motivated hate crime have been moving in the wrong direction.
Last week's figures from the Community Security Trust, an expert body monitoring anti-Semitism in the UK, make grim and record-breaking reading.
Anti-Semitic incidents more than doubled to 1,168 in 2014, the highest figure since the trust began monitoring in 1984. The previous year had been the lowest on record.
There were 314 incidents in July alone - the highest recorded in a single month.
Hate crime tends to be driven by "trigger" events - and last summer's trigger for anti-Semitism was the conflict in Gaza.
The CST said that almost half of the offenders made reference to Gaza or Palestinians during the incidents it recorded in July and August.
It can be really difficult to identify the perpetrator. In those incidents where the victim could do so, the CST figures reveal a number of perpetrators of either a South Asian, Arab or North African appearance.
Muslim tensions
Decades ago, the British extreme far right and fascism were the forces behind anti-Semitism.
But on the face of it, the figures are now pointing to widespread anti-Jewish feelings among some Muslims in Britain.
This analysis is shared by many leading progressive Muslim thinkers.
But what these thinkers also point out is that the rise in attacks against Britain's Jews mirrors the trend for Muslims themselves - and the two communities need to make common cause.
Police recorded 44,500 hate crimes in England and Wales during 2013-14. That was up 5% on the previous year across race, religion, sexual orientation, disability and transgender - the five key measures that feature in national figures.
Some of that rise has been attributed to better reporting of existing levels of hate.
But a further breakdown indicates there was a 45% jump in religiously motivated incidents to 2,300 - and that appears to have been largely down to more anti-Muslim incidents following the jihadist murder of Fusilier Lee Rigby in Woolwich.
In London, the home of the largest numbers of British Jews and Muslims, police recorded 358 anti-Semitic crimes in 2014 and 611 anti-Muslim crimes.
While the trigger for anti-Semitism comes down to haters blaming Britain's Jews for something they don't like about Israel, the mirror trigger for anti-Muslim crimes is yet another group of haters blaming Muslims for things that al-Qaeda inspired extremists have done.
So how do you go about tackling this stuff?
Social media
The All-Party Parliamentary Group on Anti-Semitism's (APPG) latest report calls for internet "Asbos" to ban them from using social media to spread hate.
It also wants the government to fund the security of synagogues and to review what's being done to improve interfaith relations.
What will come of the first two remains to be seen - but on the interfaith issue, there is some hope.
Tell Mama is a Muslim hate crime initiative that is closely modelled on the Community Security Trust and is backing the APPG's calls for social media Asbos because, quite simply, both communities are victims of hate crime.
It wants more British Muslims to recognise and speak out about anti-Semitism because it is morally objectionable to suggest that one form of hate crime is worse than another.
That view is shared by a host of individuals and small unnoticed organisations that work hard to improve understandings between the two faiths.
A fortnight ago, two leading progressive British Muslims, Sughra Ahmed of the Islamic Society of Britain and Dilwar Hussain of New Horizons in British Islam, spoke eloquently in a north London synagogue about the sorrow and pain they felt over Paris.
And - who'd have thought it - a synagogue in Bradford has even appointed a Muslim to its ruling body.
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For years Rebecca Henschke combined her role as the BBC's Indonesia editor with bringing up two children. But she often had to leave home at short notice, and so did her partner, another correspondent. It was only possible, she says, thanks to four wonderful, patient Indonesian women.
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I kiss my sleeping boys on the head and turn to Fitri. "I will be a few days," I tell her. While getting dressed, I mumble something about a tsunami. I say, "Sorry, I will call," and I rush out the door.
And I know she will do everything and anything to make sure my children are happy and safe until come back.
This was the scene in my house one night just before Christmas - but something like it had happened many times before.
When I became pregnant for the first time, I wanted to do it all by myself.
Nannies seemed otherworldly and elitist. I was uncomfortable seeing upper class families in Jakarta having dinner in glitzy malls - and the nannies, often in uniforms, sitting at a different table, sometimes without a meal.
But the reality of being mother hit me like a freight train. Sleep-deprived and without any family to help, I was a mess.
"Get a nanny!" I was told over and over by Indonesian friends and other expats.
So finally, after some very difficult months, I came to embrace an idea that is universally accepted in Indonesia and many parts of the world - that it takes many women to be a good mother.
On the island of Bali people believe babies are little gods, and all across Indonesia children are overwhelmingly loved.
Screaming children on planes? People feel sorry for them, not annoyed. Children running around a cafe are not brats, they are super-cute.
Four wonderful, patient Javanese women lived with us at different times and made parenting while reporting in the Ring of Fire a joy. Mary, Ani, Yati and Fitri, you have my enduring gratitude.
While I was in Sumatra making a documentary on deforestation, Fitri messaged daily with updates.
Once she told me our youngest had started reading! She was so excited. I felt a sharp pang of guilt and regret - I was a little jealous that it was her, not me, who was there for this milestone.
Fitri's father died when she was young and she is the breadwinner, supporting younger sisters back in their village in West Java. She left home and worked, while still a teenager, as a migrant worker in Syria.
This isn't unusual in Indonesia.
Every year millions of women leave their own children behind to become foreign workers. In the east of Indonesia, there are villages called "the motherless villages", where all the young mothers have gone abroad. They are looking after someone else's children in the hope of giving theirs a better future.
Fitri says she was lucky. Her family in Syria was kind and she was able to save, whereas many turn out to be violent, or force the women work for nothing.
But Fitri missed Indonesia and looked for work back in the capital, Jakarta.
At first she was with us for just a few months and then left because she was pregnant - and also, she tells me now, because our Dutch-built rundown colonial house was haunted.
About a year later she called again and asked if she could come back to work and bring her baby son and husband to live in the rooms at the back of the house.
We said Yes - we needed her. She made peace with the ghosts, and her little boy has grown up with our youngest.
He calls me Mami, as he thinks that's my name. He wants to ikut - to come with us - and do everything my boys do, including brushing his teeth morning and night (which is not normal practice for children in Indonesian villages).
I put off telling Fitri we were leaving Indonesia - but, of course, living so closely she saw the signs.
One day she said, "Are you leaving Bu?" - short for ibu the respectful way of referring to a woman with children. And I had to tell her.
She said the boys - particularly our youngest who she has known most of his life - are like her own children.
Her eyes filled with tears and I know our departure is as painful for her as it is for us.
I have seen it happen so many times before to the nannies of other expat friends - the silent mothers who helped raise children whose families suddenly leave for countries they could never afford to visit.
When I met them at playgroups - now working for a different family - they were always hungry for news and photos of the children they helped raise.
Children that may by now have forgotten the incredible love these women gave them.
I hope mine don't.
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Indonesia, the nation with the world's largest Muslim population, is home to a rapidly growing middle class. As Rebecca Henschke reports from Jakarta, this has given rise to a striking phenomenon - the so-called "Crazy Rich" Indonesians.
Read: How a country suddenly went 'crazy rich'
Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.
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The government's shared ownership scheme is meant to help aspiring home owners onto the property ladder. However, an investigation by the BBC's Panorama programme has found that the scheme has left some people living in homes with escalating costs and huge debts.
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By Datshiane NavanayagamBBC Panorama
When Giulia Trovato bought her new build flat in 2007 she felt thrilled and excited. The flat she bought had been the show flat used to market the shared ownership scheme to prospective buyers and she fell in love with it as soon as she walked in.
The scheme, which allows you to part buy and part rent your home, meant Giulia was able to buy a 45% share of the three bedroom flat in Hoxton, East London and pay rent on the remaining share of the property to the housing association who owned the flat.
Giulia says the scheme ticked all the boxes at the time, allowing her to live in a desirable area and get onto the housing ladder without relying on a loan from her parents.
However, within a year of moving in, black mould and damp started appearing. Then the basement of the building began to flood with waste water.
In 2017, Giulia's landlord, housing association L&Q, moved her out for six months while repairs to the pipework took place. It was when she returned home and received a bill for over £20,000 from L&Q that she realised she was liable for the full cost of the repairs.
"I bought my home convinced it was structurally sound," she says. "At the most - the very very most - I should pay my share… not 100% like they are insisting."
Shared owners are often liable for 100% of the repairs even though they may own as little as 25% of their home.
L&Q told Panorama that given the benefits of the scheme it was fair and reasonable for shared owners to pay for these.
However, it is an area the government is currently looking at. Under new proposals, they want housing associations to cover the cost of essential repairs for the first 10 years for new shared owners, but that won't help those already within the scheme.
Housing solicitor Giles Peaker says that for those like Giulia their rights are "very very limited".
He believes it's a fundamental flaw of the shared ownership model which, he says, places the full costs of home ownership onto people who are effectively still paying rent as tenants.
'Obscene' service charges
It's not just large repair bills that can be problematic. Panorama found shared owners, including key workers, who had entered the scheme because it had been marketed as affordable housing now struggling to keep up with increasing charges.
They said that sharp rises in service charges has left them in debt, struggling to pay their bills and at risk of losing their home either through repossession or being forced to sell.
Chris Worrall said he had been asked to pay additional payments of up to £2,000 as well as facing a hefty increase in his service charge after his housing association, Clarion, had previously underestimated the service charge. He calls the rise in his service charge "obscene" after it increased from £2,270 a year, when he first entered the scheme in 2016, to over £4,300 a year.
Clarion which is the UK's largest housing association told Panorama that residents had been given a year to pay the balance and that the service charge was in line with similar buildings.
But Cindy Gingell, another shared owner in the development, said the spike in charges was making her home unaffordable.
"All the marketing makes it sound really easy and that you know, suddenly in a few years' time, you will probably be able to own your own flat," she says.
"Now I'm not able to save as much as I was hoping to save… I wouldn't call it affordable at the moment."
Short leases
Many shared ownership homes are leaseholds. Unlike normal leaseholders, shared owners have no statutory right to a lease extension.
This means the housing association not only has the right to refuse a lease extension but can also dictate both the price and length of it.
They can also add on other charges connected to the process such as a permission fee and their own legal fees, making the process extremely costly.
An investigation by Panorama found that one housing association, The Guinness Partnership, currently owns 1,500 shared ownership homes with leases below 80 years and could receive £20m in lease extensions from shared owners over the coming years.
Kelly Reynolds, a former shared ownership tenant with The Guinness Partnership, had to extend her lease in order to sell her home last year because potential buyers struggle to get mortgages where the length is below 80 years.
She was forced to pay the full value of the lease extension despite only owning 50% of her property. The scheme had been a way for her to build up equity, but after the costs of extending the lease, she ended up with £5,000 less than she'd paid for the property in the first place.
"It's definitely changed my viewpoint on shared ownership," she says. "It's a scheme that's designed to get people onto the property ladder but it very nearly kicked me off it."
The Guinness Partnership said BBC Panorama's "investigations have drawn attention to the fact that not all property owners are aware of the implications of decreasing lease terms and we will therefore be writing to all our shared owners highlighting the fact that this is an issue they may wish to take advice on".
Kate Henderson, the chief executive of The National Housing Federation which represents housing associations, says housing associations are not for profit, charitable organisations.
She said that whilst housing associations exist to provide good quality, affordable homes for those on lower incomes, it was also important for shared owners to look at the costs associated with the scheme.
Watch Panorama: The Home I Can't Afford on BBC One on 25 Wednesday November at 19:30 GMT or watch later on BBC iPlayer.
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"It's a party, it's joy, you know. We go to mosque in beautiful new clothes, the women prepare the sauce, the meat, we eat together at home and with our neighbours. It's really marvellous."
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By Fiona GrahamTechnology of business reporter, BBC News, Dakar, Senegal
Abdulaziz Nder sells sheep. More particularly, once a year he takes sheep into the centre of Dakar, a vibrant, sun-drenched city of eight million inhabitants, where he will spend several weeks selling his animals.
"Each Senegalese, each Muslim, must do everything he can to have a ram, because it's a command from God," he says, standing in the middle of a dusty town square overflowing with fine ovine specimens trying to find shelter from the midday sun.
This is Tabaski - known elsewhere as Eid al-Adha - the biggest festival and holiday of the year in Senegal, a country that is 90% Muslim. This year it falls on 4 October.
It's a time when families travel great distances to come together and share a meal.
Also travelling great distances are the sheep bound for the dinner table.
Border controls are relaxed and customs fees waived, as hundreds of thousands of sheep pour across the borders from neighbouring countries such as Mali and Mauritania.
The acquisition of a healthy ram is a source of great pride to a family - and size matters. Across the city on closely guarded rooftops, in yards, and even in apartments sheep are being fattened up.
There are always concerns about supply - this year, the government says there should be enough. There's even a hugely popular annual televised beauty contest called Khar Bii - "this sheep" in Wolof.
The animal is ritually slaughtered at dawn and then cooked and eaten, with plenty to share with friends and neighbours, both Muslim and Christian.
In one day nearly 800,000 sheep and goats will be killed - with 250,000 needed for the capital alone.
Over the sea
Which makes it a difficult time of year for those living far from home.
An estimated $1.3bn was sent back to support loved ones by almost half a million Senegalese working overseas in 2010.
Sending money home can be very expensive, and there's always the danger that the cash isn't spent on what it was intended for.
Which is where an ecommerce start-up called Niokobok comes in.
The company lets the Senegalese diaspora around the world shop online for food, electronics and solar systems sourced in Senegal to be delivered to family and friends there.
They also deliver rams and goats for Tabaski - as well as all the traditional trimmings: potatoes, onions, and sauces. Customers can go to the website and view videos of the animals for sale, before making their selection.
Mme Ndiaye lives in Guediawaye, a suburb of Dakar, sharing a tiny courtyard with children and grandchildren. Her son has groceries delivered once a month.
"When I receive the delivery it is as if he is here in Senegal, and he is delivering it himself," she says. Her son has lived in France for so long now that she has lost count of the years.
"If you have a son who loves you and helps you like this, he is never far away."
Last year, he sent her two animals, so the family could celebrate in style.
"Before he would send money, and my son or daughter would then have to go to the shops. It is better to get the delivery," she says.
"I thank God and the prophet Mohammed for the deliveries. I'm so grateful to my son, because he's taking care of me."
Now in its second year, the company delivers to around 1,000 families.
Initially, the team behind Niokobok thought that the main draw would be that customers would know where their money was going.
"This is still true," says chief executive Laurent Liautaud.
"But we also see it's that people thinking about their relatives, and wanting to make them happy, so they want to send a gift."
"What's very interesting is that we see demand from the Senegalese living in Senegal, because online retail is only beginning here."
Niokobok isn't the only African ecommerce company concentrating on the diaspora.
Kenya-based Mama Mike's was an early entry, with recent addition African ecommerce giant Jumia announcing a UK-based site in June aimed at expat Nigerians.
But online shopping is still finding its feet in French-speaking Africa, giving Niokobok an early lead.
The team of five are based at the CTIC incubator in the heart of the city, and are working with the United States Agency for International Development (USAid) as part of their Development Innovation Ventures programme on expanding to rural areas.
"We're really trying to improve the life of our customers," he says, also pointing to the solar systems available on the site.
"[Solar] for people from the diaspora is great, because you're based in Paris, and you want to send light to your family, you can do it, thanks to the internet," says Mr Liautaud.
"We [still] believe food is important, it's more than 45% of customer spend, so even if it's a logistics nightmare, we need to market food."
And the logistics are not to be sneezed at.
"You have much less reliable partners, so you have to do a lot of your logistics in-house, even from the beginning which is costly. On food especially you have quite low margins, so it's more difficult to recover your costs," he says.
"The only good thing is that consumption patterns are much more standardised."
Home delivery in countries where the transport infrastructure may be lacking, and mapping isn't accurate presents a challenge. Then there's the lack of standardised addresses - making local knowledge vital.
"A lot of our customers put things that help, like this is next to this school, or this very famous point of the neighbourhood. Often for the first delivery we do the last 200m on the phone," says Mr Liautaud.
Niokobok has plans to roll out to the whole of Senegal before trying neighbouring markets.
This year's livestock delivery is keeping the team busy in the meantime, with close to 50 orders to fulfil. With each delivery a picture is taken to send to the buyer, strengthening that connection to distant family.
"For Islam, it is very important for the family, because on the day of the judgment, every head of the family will ride on those sheep to go to paradise," says Niokobok's Moussa Diallo.
"It is why people choose to buy very big or very fat sheep."
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We take for granted the ease with which we can find out the time. From watches and phones to computer screens and digital radios, there are so many options the question "have you got the time, please?" is one that's rarely heard these days.
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By Hayley WestcottBBC News
Of course, it used to be the case that we relied on clock towers to ensure we weren't late. The earliest examples had no clock faces and so it made sense to place clocks in towers, whose bells could then be heard striking the time, from far away.
In the Middle Ages, many European cities invested in large-scale clock tower constructions, while in later years towers were sometimes erected to mark national events.
But in the 21st Century, the original function of clock towers helping keep people punctual is essentially redundant - so why should we care about them?
'It's an icon visible for miles around'
The Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower at the University of Birmingham still serves its original purpose more than a century after it was built.
Constructed at the university's Edgbaston campus between 1900 and 1908 and named after its first chancellor, the British statesman Joseph Chamberlain, the 328ft (100m) structure is the tallest freestanding clock tower in the UK.
"It continues to fulfil the exact aim for which it was put there by him," says Dr Matt Cole, a teaching fellow in history at the university.
"It was an advertisement, it was a public relations exercise. I think the idea was as people walked by or came by on the train going into Birmingham, they would say 'what's that thing?'
"It still is visible for miles around and is an icon of the university. His essential point was right; the university needed to make its mark and needed to have high visibility.
"However bad a day you've had at work, it's always a great reassurance when you step out and see the clock in the twilight."
Affectionately known as Old Joe, the tower even has its own Twitter account, boasting about 7,000 followers.
Old Joe is used year-round for university celebrations, including graduations, where it provides the perfect photo backdrop for ceremonies, and its glowing clock face is believed to have been the inspiration for the Eye of Sauron in JRR Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings trilogy.
'I met my wife there'
While we might not bother glancing upwards at it to tell the time, the clock tower remains a handy spot to meet our friends. For Steve Shorney, from Bristol, the Jubilee Clock Tower in Weymouth is the place he met the woman who would become his wife.
"There were three of us lads, we used to get together years ago, and in 1968 we decided to spend the weekend down in Weymouth," he says.
"We didn't have a lot of money in those days so we hitchhiked down and arranged to meet each other at the clock tower."
While waiting there, Steve and his friend bumped into two young women they asked to see again later that weekend. "When I got home after that weekend, having spent time with Janet, I said to my mother and father: 'I think I've met the girl I'm going to marry'," Steve says.
He and Janet are still together 51 years later and have been married for 48.
"We go back to Weymouth reasonably regularly and we sit under the clock tower and say: 'This is where it all began, when I saw you walking towards me.' We've got two children and three grandchildren now," he said.
"Janet is from Bristol too and was on holiday in Weymouth with her friend. So we're both from Bristol and meet in Weymouth - it was obviously meant to be."
'When the clock strikes five, you come home for tea'
While big cities like Birmingham have several prominent landmarks to instil pride in their residents, elsewhere the clock tower can be a central part of a town or village's identity. One such place is Camborne in Cornwall.
"The clock is part of our culture and history," says Ivor Corkell, the secretary of Camborne Old Cornwall Society and a lifelong resident of the town.
"When I was young, the clock played an important part in our behaviour and everyone used to listen to the clock chiming," he says.
"When we were children, mothers would say: 'When the clock strikes five, you come home for your tea'.
"But it was far more difficult at lunchtime because you had to count to 12. Some children were coming home at 11 after getting it wrong - they were an hour early for their lunch."
A source of pride for locals is that their clock tower was produced by Dent, the same company that made the clock, familiarly known as Big Ben, for the Elizabeth Tower at the Houses of Parliament. Indeed, the clock in Camborne is referred to as Little Ben.
Martin Whiteley, who grew up in Cornwall, has fond memories of his father working on the clock.
"I remember climbing up the various internal ladders with Dad to wind the old beaut up," he says.
"If I remember right, there were two big handles to wind the weights up. There was a big one for the bell and the smaller one ran the movement for timekeeping. I can still hear the clacking ratchet as you leaned on those handles - quite a workout for a little one.
"I'd use my whole body to try and turn it. Dad used to put one hand on it and turn it easily. I thought he was Superman."
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"This old mechanical clock, the little brother of Big Ben, was an important part of this town," Ivor says. "It's certainly a landmark.
"You still look up at the clock tower if you want to know the time. When you're going to catch a bus, you look up there. Is the bus early or late?
"It's still an important part of our lives when we walk around and see the clock. We can still hear the chiming over a big area of the town, too."
'My husband got a clock tower tattoo'
For some people, the clock tower continues to play an important role in their lives as a reminder of a happy time or important occasion.
Denise Coughlan and her husband David got married in 2016 at the Weymouth Pavilion, just along from the seaside town's Jubilee Clock Tower.
"The Jubilee Clock tattoo was David's idea as a memory of our wedding day," says Denise, who is from Plymouth. "We were walking up the road opposite the clock tower one day and he just said: 'I could get that done, tattooed on.'
"Jokingly at the time I said: 'You could and you could get the time on it set to 3 o'clock - the time we got married.' So he did - he went out and got it done!"
For Denise, it's important the clock - which still tells the right time - continues to be looked after. "The Jubilee Clock Tower has just always been there," she says. "My mum still lives there and I love Weymouth. I go back a lot.
"The tower stands in the middle of the seafront and you can't really miss it. I love it."
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A fire has broken out on a ferry travelling between Portsmouth and the Channel Island of Guernsey.
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Crew members on the Commodore Clipper discovered what they described as a "minor fire" in an engine's oil heating system at about 13:20 BST, operator Condor Ferries said.
It was extinguished and there were no injuries among the 220 passengers and 39 crew on board, it added.
The 129m (420ft) ferry is returning to Portsmouth under its own steam.
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Under Milk Wood is an acknowledged radio classic. Dylan Thomas's dramatic masterpiece was first broadcast in January 1954 and almost nobody involved is left alive. But to mark the poet's centenary the original sound effects man has been persuaded to return to rattle the teacups one last time.
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By Vincent DowdArts reporter, BBC World Service
Alec Nisbett had a long and distinguished career as a BBC producer. In its latter half he produced more than 40 editions of the Horizon series on BBC Two.
But his first home was radio. Sixty years ago he was the youngest of three studio managers on what became one of the most famous radio programmes made to date.
"I became a studio manager just as the BBC decided the job was more than being an engineer. They were recruiting smart and creative people like Joan Bakewell and Jack Gold, who went on to direct The Naked Civil Servant.
"So at the start of 1954 I was pleased to be allocated the script of Under Milk Wood. I was in the Features department of the BBC, whose job was to produce the most imaginative radio programmes anywhere. Everyone in Features felt several rungs up from Drama. And though I was extremely junior I could see the script I'd been given was special."
The producer was Douglas Cleverdon, who had spent years coaxing from Thomas his extraordinary portrait of the fictional Welsh seaside town Llareggub. The poet had died in New York a few weeks before, aged just 39.
Under Milk Wood took five days to rehearse and record. The actors worked in the radio drama studio on the sixth floor of Broadcasting House - a studio which still exists.
"The whole cast was there all the time except for Richard Burton, who was too much in demand elsewhere. He was at the Old Vic and could only afford one day with us. In rehearsal it was the actor Richard Bebb who read all the linking narration.
"I remember there were several 'brown coats', as they used to be called, guarding the doors. Normally it was their job to move things around, like pianos. But in reality Douglas Cleverdon was using them as security guys.
"There was a rumour that Caitlin, Dylan's widow, was going to turn up and that might have been the end of rehearsals as she could be a lively presence. Eventually we heard she was in Italy and Douglas breathed a sigh of relief.
"The other production staff were safely behind the glass in the cubicle of Studio 6A but I wandered around the floor during the recording producing the spot effects."
Spot effects are sound effects produced manually such as a window opening or a doorbell ringing, as opposed to sounds played in off disc.
"When in the recording you hear footsteps or teacups or something creaking that's me. I was very new to the job and I'm not sure I was very good at it."
Sixty years on, Nisbett has been called on to dust down his abilities as a sound effects man.
Welsh artist Dan Llywelyn Hall tracked him down while preparing events in London to mark the centenary of Thomas's birth.
"I expect Alec thought his sound effects days were over," says Llywelyn Hall, "but he's agreed to revive them for an extract from the play at the Coningsby Gallery on 6 September." Welsh actors Karl Johnson and Dorothea Phillips are taking part and Alec Nisbett is hoping he'll meet the sole survivor of the 1954 cast - actress Gwenyth Petty.
"Gwenyth Petty and the others took their parts so perfectly I remember doubting if the play would be improved by Richard Burton joining us on the last day. But I was totally wrong."
Burton came to Broadcasting House only for the final rehearsal on the Sunday morning and for the recording session afterwards.
"As soon as he ran through his opening lines it was clear the piece had been taken to a new dimension. His voice was so sonorous and beautiful you felt something shift in the air around you. Richard Burton's arrival gave us the momentum to go on and make that wonderful recording in the afternoon."
Under Milk Wood was produced just before the BBC shifted to record on tape.
"I think we recorded to disc which made editing difficult: you tried to get it all in one clean take but remember the play is an hour-and-a-half long. I believe later Douglas Cleverdon decided one part needed redoing and brought back some of the cast for retakes. I've always hoped it wasn't my sound effects which were the problem."
Alec Nisbett is being allowed one privilege in the reading this month which he didn't have in 1954: he is to speak one line of the script.
"I'll have to work on my performance. The moment I read the words in my head I could recall the exact intonation from the 1954 recording. What the original cast did was perfect: it can't be improved upon."
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Eighteen men have been served injunctions by police trying to disrupt gang activity between rival Birmingham factions, the Johnson Crew and Burger Bar Boys.
But what is the history of the two gangs and how have they managed to tighten their grip on the city's streets?
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By Caroline GallBBC News
The cold-blooded murders of two girls at a new year party in Birmingham in 2003 was the moment their feud became national news.
But before the deaths of innocent victims, Charlene Ellis, 17, and Letisha Shakespeare, 18, it was the targeting and killing of opposing members from within the groups that led to an escalation in the gang war.
The gangs took their names from two cafes in Handsworth where black youths congregated in the late 80s and early 90s.
Legend has it that they were once friends but fell out over a bet on who won a game of Streetfighter on the Playstation.
'Disregard for life'
The Burgers - whose territory included Smethwick and Handsworth - were said to be the richer and more organised of the two, with a stronger and more deadly collection of weapons.
But the Aston and Lozells-based Johnson Crew, or Johnnies as they were also known, had more members and splinter groups including the Cash Money Crew and the Raiders.
Police categorised both gangs as being involved in local drug dealing, robberies, and kidnappings before shootings started taking place outside nightclubs and community centres.
BBC Midlands Today correspondent Peter Wilson said: "The killings began in the last days of 1995 as these young men fought off Yardie gangsters.
"They copied the Jamaican gangs' ruthless disregard for life and reckless use of guns and violence."
Before long, as their influence grew, court cases against the Burgers and Johnnies started to collapse amid allegations of witness intimidation.
It was the unsolved murder of Cory Wayne Allen, who had links with both gangs, in 1999 that led to West Midlands Police launching Operation Ventara to build up a picture of gang-based intelligence in the city.
But the shootings continued. And the December 2002 killing of Burger Bar member Yohanne Martin in West Bromwich took the feud to a new and even more chilling level.
Yohanne - whose street name was "13" - was a key member of the gang and his brother Nathan - whose street name was "23" - believed the Johnson Crew were behind his brother's death.
On 31 December, Nathan and other Burgers members bought a red Ford Mondeo and, less than 48 hours later, drove up to a new year party at a hairdresser's in Aston and opened fire on partygoers, killing Charlene and Letisha and injuring two others.
The real targets were a group of young men standing nearby, who included an alleged member of the Johnson Crew.
The girls' death shocked many, not just within the city. Both gangs were now notorious nationwide.
Two years later, Nathan Martin, Michael Gregory, Marcus Ellis - the half-brother of Charlene - and Rodrigo Simms were convicted of their murder and jailed for life.
The lengthy sentences and expert mediation that had been going on behind the scenes helped to gradually quell the bloodshed after that.
In 2009, the officer in charge of tackling the gang problem in the city, Ch Supt Tom Coughlan, boldly predicted that street gangs would be eradicated within two to three years.
While that did not happen, the force's work was bolstered by the creation of a gangs task force in 2011 aiming to disrupt some 45 urban street gangs that were said to be operating in the West Midlands.
Dismantled
Some reformed gang members from both sides also contributed and came together to establish a group to help persuade youths to get out of the gang lifestyle.
But in recent years, cuts have been felt within council and police budgets, and with gun crime statistics falling, many of the anti-gun crime initiatives were dismantled.
In the last two years, gun crime has re-emerged in Birmingham and become a familiar problem for the police, politicians and innocent residents of the second city.
And while a helpful step forward, these latest injunctions shine a light on the city's gangland problem - and prove that both groups still cast a shadow on the streets.
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A British team is developing a car that will be capable of reaching 1,000mph (1,610km/h). Powered by a rocket bolted to a Eurofighter-Typhoon jet engine, the vehicle aims to show its potential by going progressively faster, year after year. By the end of 2019, Bloodhound wants to have demonstrated speeds above 500mph. The next step would be to break the existing world land speed record (763mph; 1,228km/h). The racing will take place on Hakskeen Pan in Northern Cape, South Africa.
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By Andy GreenWorld Land Speed Record Holder
We were all shocked and saddened to hear of the fatal crash of one of our competitors - Jessi Combs.
She was driving the North American Eagle jet car on the Alvord desert in the USA when the accident happened.
A crash like this is incredibly rare. In the pursuit of the Outright World Land Speed Record, there had only been five fatalities since the first record was set in 1898, with the last of them way back in 1962. Now that number is 6. Our thoughts and prayers are with Jessi's family and with the North American Eagle team.
As Bloodhound is now in its final weeks of preparation for our high-speed test session in South Africa, we are reviewing all of our test plans and safety procedures, to make sure we haven't missed anything.
We still don't know what happened to Jessi's car or why it crashed and, in any case, Bloodhound is a very different car from the North American Eagle, with a different team and a different approach, so we can't compare the two.
However, Jessi's accident is a stark reminder that we are working in an unforgiving environment.
In part, that is the point of our high-speed Test session. We need to learn, step-by-step, how to operate in this high-speed arena, before we turn the dial up to supersonic levels for a world record attempt.
To get the car ready for high-speed testing, one of the key modifications for this year has been to add an extra "auxiliary" fuel tank.
Thanks to Jonathan Tubb and Advanced Fuel Systems, the car now has an additional 400 litres of fuel capacity.
It might sound counter-intuitive, but our 500+ mph testing this year will actually use more fuel than a supersonic record run.
Take a moment to think about it, though, and it starts to make sense.
For our testing this year, we are only using the Rolls-Royce jet engine, without the Nammo rocket that we will need to reach supersonic speeds.
As a result, we will be accelerating more slowly, taking longer to reach peak speed (which increases for each test profile).
Longer runs will mean more jet fuel used, hence the need for an auxiliary fuel tank this year.
One obvious advantage of longer, slower runs is that it gives us more time to test the car's handling and stability, as well as the airbrakes, drag parachutes and wheel brakes.
It will also give more data from the hundreds of sensors all over the car and more time to test the onboard control systems.
As the driver, I'm going to be focussed on the obvious "car" bits of performance - the jet engine power levels, speed, steering, suspension set-up, braking systems, and so on.
Equally important will be the vehicle sensors to check that the structural loads and
temperatures are within limits, and that everything else is working as it should.
If there are any obvious failures, then I will get a warning light in the cockpit and abort the run. That's the point at which I need those braking systems to work!
The more interesting analysis will happen after the runs. In particular, the pressure sensors (just over 190 of them) will give us a unique chance to validate the aerodynamic computer models built by Swansea University.
In turn, this will allow us to refine the performance figures and design details (if necessary) for next year's land speed record attempt.
This is perhaps the real benefit of high speed-testing this year - it will give us tremendous confidence in our supersonic record car.
This aerodynamic data analysis is all "geek" stuff, with lots of numbers, but there is some good news for the rest of us.
Swansea University has also developed a computer programme to "picture" the pressure differences across the car every time it runs.
As a mathematician, I love a good set of numbers, but you can't beat a picture for showing you what's going on.
Running on the Hakskeen Pan desert in South Africa this year will also show us how the dry mud/silt surface interacts with Bloodhound's solid metal wheels.
Fairly obviously, the wheels will be supporting the car and providing the lateral grip for steering at slow speed.
As the car speeds up, the grip from the wheels will reduce, before the aerodynamic forces start to take over.
During this transition, I'll be working hard to assess the effects on the car's handling and stability.
Vehicle stability is not the only thing that we need to understand, though. As the car runs over the mud surface, the wheels will throw up a "spray" of dust particles.
This choking thick dust cloud will get sucked into the airflow around the wheels, up into the wheel bays and around the back half of the car.
The dust cloud from the desert surface will be pretty violent.
Think about this for a moment: when the car is doing 500mph (800km/h), the bottom of the wheel will be stationary on the ground, so the top of the wheel is doing - wait for it - 1,000 mph (1610km/h) inside the wheel arch.
Yes, that's right, the top of the wheel is travelling at nearly 1.4 times the speed of sound relative to the bodywork around it. That will be a dust storm of truly epic proportions.
If you're wondering why our newly completed front wheel-arch liners look like they are virtually bullet proof, it's because they need to be.
There's a supersonic dust storm headed their way shortly.
As the car gets ready for next month's flight out to South Africa, the various bits of bodywork are being painted in our new white-and-red colour scheme.
The best bit for me was seeing the tail fin finally given it's racing paint work and "flag" graphics, complete with 36,000 names on it.
We owe a huge vote of thanks to those 36,000 people who paid to put their names up there.
We promised you all that one day you would be able to watch your name (and, for a lot of you, your kids' names) racing across the desert at high speed, setting world records.
Thank you all for your patience - the time is finally at hand.
For those of you that are going to follow our testing progress this year, I'm sorry that you can't join us in South Africa.
The high-speed testing is a "closed" session, as there won't be any spectator facilities.
Fear not though. For our record attempt, the Northern Cape Government will be making sure that they can cope with huge numbers of visitors.
If you really, really want to see a supersonic car run (and apparently it's really impressive!), then your chance will come soon enough.
In the meantime, keep watching the Bloodhound website and BBC News online. There'll be lots of exciting stuff and plenty of video over the coming weeks.
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In a year where much of the world has been brought to standstill, BTS stands out. Unable to perform live and show off their electric choreography on some of the biggest stages across the world, they took a fresh approach: disco.
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By Laura BickerBBC News, Seoul
Not only has it proved to be a success, their single Dynamite has broken records and they've become the first all-Korean pop act to top the Billboard 100 singles chart.
RM, Jin, Suga, J-Hope, Jimin, V and Jungkook told me how their fans - and a hit single of course - had helped them through the recent uncertainty.
They didn't manage to answer all of my questions, including the one most fans ask- when are they going to do their mandatory military service in South Korea. But judging by their tweets, they have been overwhelmed and even in tears at the success of their single. Even the South Korean President, Moon Jae-in tweeted to call it a "splendid feat."
BTS keep in contact with their fans - or "ARMY" - on social media. It's a constant conversation with a stream of pictures and videos. This year, more than any other, it seems that may have proved invaluable connection for both the band and their followers.
Congratulations on the success of Dynamite. How does it feel to rise through the world charts including in the UK?
RM: We are so humbled to achieve all these incredible feats, including the Official Singles Chart. A big thank you to our ARMY! "Dynamite" was created in the hopes of bringing some vibrant energy that the world needs right now. We are extremely happy to see people around the world enjoying it.
Jung Kook: Thank you ARMY for being so awesome!
You said that "due to Covid-19, people in the world have been going through tough times and you wanted to share some positive energy with your fans". Do you feel the final product has achieved that goal?
RM: We would dare say that it has, to some extent! The only thing we want for them is to forget everything and just rock their head and move their body to the beat.
One of the real joys of BTS is seeing you perform live. I can speak from experience that it is electric. How are you coping without those live performances?
Suga: Our world tour plans had to be altered due to COVID-19 and honestly we felt dispirited. We missed the stage and our fans. In order to alleviate this sense of frustration, we planned an online concert in June.
Even though we couldn't see each other in person, our fans' heartfelt support from all around the world reached us. This made us realise that there are various ways to support and comfort each other even such times.
Did you enjoy the disco element to the track?
J-hope: Because we are not the disco generation, I did my research by watching videos and tried to embody that vibe as much as possible. It was really fun and had me hooked. Haven't you been hooked as well?
How difficult has this year been for you as a band?
Jimin: It's been a tough year for everyone, and we're not an exception either. We were unable to do many things that we had planned. And as artists who need to connect with people on stage, this was most disheartening. But we are finding ways to cope with this situation, and "Dynamite" was one way for us to do that.
Can we talk a bit about your donation to Black Lives Matter. Why did you decide to donate the money? And what was your reaction when you saw your fans had matched the donation?
RM: We think our Twitter message speaks for itself. We stand against racial discrimination and condemn violence, and all have the right to be respected. We were really thankful to know that the fans were also with us.
Why after all these years did you decide to release a song in English?
V: We all loved this song when we first heard it. It felt fresh, different from what we've done so far. In a musical aspect, we thought that singing in English will best fit the song. So there was a unanimous consent amongst us to do it in English.
What message do you have for fans who are struggling around the world?
Jin: I'm not sure if this can be of any help, but I want to tell you to cheer up and stay strong no matter how hard life is now. Let's try to find together our small joys in the midst of this. Also, listen to Dynamite that will make your time at home more fun!
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A police officer has been charged with murder after a bystander's video showed him shooting a man as he ran away. So what exactly does this video - and a second video later released by police - show us?
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THE TRAFFIC STOP
It was about 0930 local time when 50-year-old Walter Scott was stopped for a traffic violation - a broken brake light - by police officer Michael Slager in North Charleston, South Carolina.
A police dashcam video released late on Thursday shows the officer speaking at the driver's window of a Mercedes-Benz. There is a passenger who has not been identified.
The officer requests Mr Scott's licence and registration. As Mr Slager returns to his cruiser to check the identification, Mr Scott opens the car door, gets out and then gets back in.
Then he opens the door again and runs away and out of the picture, with the officer in pursuit.
The bystander's video begins seconds later.
THE SHOOTING
In this video, filmed by passer-by Feidin Santana and made public on Tuesday, we first see Mr Slager and Mr Scott standing close to one another.
There is a small scuffle between the men and something is seen falling to the ground. Mr Slager claimed Mr Scott tried to grab his Taser. Mr Santana later said he saw Mr Scott trying to defend himself against the officer firing the Taser at him.
"He was just trying to get away from the Taser, that's all he did," Mr Santana told the BBC.
"He never tried to take the Taser away and put it to the cop, or try to fight with the cop. No, the cop had control of the situation."
The footage then shows Mr Scott running away from the Mr Slager and the officer draws his gun and fires eight times at Mr Scott's back. Mr Scott slumps to the ground.
Mr Slager walks over to where Mr Scott is lying and says into his radio: "Shots fired and the subject is down, he grabbed my Taser."
He shouts at Mr Scott: "Put your hands behind your back."
Walter Scott shooting
THE AFTERMATH
Mr Slager then handcuffs Mr Scott, who is lying face down and appears to be motionless.
The officer jogs back to where the two men scuffled, about 30ft (9m) away. He picks something up from the ground - said to be the Taser - and walks back over to drop it by the body of Mr Scott.
Another police officer has now arrived and calls over the radio for assistance as he kneels by Mr Scott's body. As he does so, Mr Slager picks up the object from the ground and returns it to its holster.
The second officer then leaves the scene and Mr Slager seems to check Mr Scott's pulse in his neck.
By now, police sirens can be heard.
The video ends and then resumes, apparently moments later, with more police at the scene. One of them has medical equipment.
WHAT THE OFFICER SAID HAPPENED
Mr Slager's lawyer at the time, David Aylor, released a statement on Monday saying the officer felt threatened and that Mr Scott had tried to grab the stun gun.
Mr Scott's family said they were told after the shooting, before the video came to light, that the police had acted in accordance with procedure.
When the video emerged, Mr Aylor resigned as Mr Slager's lawyer and the police took swift action. North Charleston Mayor Keith Summey said the officer had made a "bad decision".
THE PERSON WHO FILMED IT
Mr Santana, whose video led to the murder charge against the officer, began filming after seeing Mr Slager chasing Mr Scott toward an empty patch of ground.
"I tried to get over there to see what was going to happen when they went to an empty spot... especially police against a black person," he told the BBC.
Mr Santana said Mr Slager only became aware of him filming after he had shot Mr Scott.
"You don't shoot a person in the back trying to run away from you," he said. "You have to try everything. That person was not a threat to the police officer."
Mr Santana tried to contact Mr Scott's family via Facebook and passed a still from the video to a member of the Black Lives Matter campaign, launched in response to the police killing of Michael Brown last year.
Community spokespeople in North Charleston have described Mr Santana as a hero and questioned what would have happened without the video evidence.
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When you got dressed this morning, how much thought did you put into your clothes? Probably not as much as a group of young men in Kinshasa who, despite living on one of the world's poorest countries, are obsessed with designer labels and fashion.
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By Mike WendlingBBC News
Six Lokoto comes striding across the square in front of Kinshasa's central train station, holding the hand of his minister. A more unlikely pair you could not imagine - Six, a modern-day hipster dandy, dressed in a top hat, smartly tailored black coat, red hoodie, silver pendant hanging around his neck, and, well, his minister.
"I have always known I was a Sapeur," Six says. "You feel it from the day you are born."
A Sapeur - a member of La Sape - the Society of Ambience-Makers and Elegant People.
Six is the Sapeur captain. He's just back from the catwalks of Paris, and as we sip cold bottles of Primus beer in the midday heat he explains the Sape way of life. Learning the style and attitudes of an elegant person, he says, is like studying for a doctorate in philosophy at the Sorbonne.
"It is a spiritual experience," he says. "It is like a religion." I look at his minister, who's beaming - he obviously doesn't consider this blasphemous in the slightest. As I found out, nearly everyone in Kinshasa loves the Sapeurs.
The economy in the Democratic Republic of Congo is growing at a rapid clip. People are getting wealthier. And when people have more money they spend it on more and better food, mobile phone credit, beer, going out to nightclubs and, of course, on clothes.
The next day I visit Six at his home - a small room in the dusty district of Matonge, filled with tin-roofed shacks, crumbling shops and dirt roads. It's 30 minutes and a world away from the gleaming new buildings in Kinshasa's Centre-ville. So wouldn't it be an idea to spend a bit less on clothes and a bit more on slightly more salubrious digs?
"Nothing," says Six, "is more important than fashion."
In his small room he yanks a suitcase out from under the bed, unzips it and pours out a stream of dozens of pairs of shoes, carefully picking the ones he'd like to show off.
The same with shirts, jackets, coats - he finally settles on khaki overalls, a leather jacket, jeans studded with pins and jewellery and some designer wellington boots - a combination that really shouldn't work at all but at the same time is absolutely perfect.
Some other Sapeurs last year got to star in a popular ad campaign for a famous beer brand. Those mostly older men were from Brazzaville, the capital city of the Republic of Congo just across the river. Between the two groups of Sapeurs there is the intense rivalry of neighbours. They even hold regular competitions, a combination fashion show and dance-off.
Of the Brazzaville Sapeurs, Six is scathing: "They are about cheap clothes," he says. "We are expensive. They are like secretaries - we are the bosses."
Kinshasa's Sapeurs are younger, their style more cutting edge, with influences from high fashion to hip-hop. Once Six is dressed to the nines we travel to a nearby square - his mates show up dressed in tuxedos with fluorescent patterned jackets, fur coats, and costumes that would not look out of place on a guard at the Tower of London.
They strut and bounce, dance and flounce. Everyone stops to stare, and when they are ready to have serious fun they lead an impromptu parade through the streets of Matonge.
Rush-hour traffic comes to a halt. People come out of their houses and jump up from their chairs at roadside cafes. Football games are abandoned. Kids start to whistle and shout. Within minutes we are in the middle of a crowd of hundreds. Young men sing: "We love the Sapeurs." It is chaos - unbridled pride and joy.
Now of course, I should point out that this is a country where civil war still rages a thousand miles to the east - where the democratic transition is quite arguably neither democratic nor a transition. Six weeks ago anger at President Kabila turned in to riots in which nearly 50 people were killed. The Sapeurs weren't strutting then - nobody was.
There are terrible problems here with HIV, illegal mining, and of course all that stuff that kills poor people just because they're poor: malaria, stomach bugs, car accidents, childbirth.
That's reality of course. But so is this. Night has fallen in Kinshasa. At club Why Not, Six and his friends have arrived. The bass from this club, and from dozens of clubs all around, is thumping away like heavy rain. We go in and immediately the DJ is shouting to the Sapeurs. Somebody buys a bottle of whisky. And the Sapeurs and the Congolese who love them are in the mood. They're set to dance all night.
Photos by Manuel Toledo
How to listen to From Our Own Correspondent:
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BBC World Service: At weekends - see World Service programme schedule.
For more on the BBC's A Richer World, go to www.bbc.com/richerworld- or join the discussion on Twitter #BBCRicherWorld
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In a week of angry demonstrations and soul-searching following the fatal shootings of two black men by police officers, and five police officers by a black gunman, the issue of race is again centre stage in US national debate.
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By BBC TrendingWhat's popular and why
These tensions have been reflected in several social media trends that express solidarity with the African-American community, notably the #BlackLivesMatter hashtag which has become the rallying cry for an active protest movement.
But in the last couple of days the double-edged use of newer tags such as #WhitePrivilegeMeans and #WhiteInventions has revealed further divisions and nuances when it comes to question of race.
On Monday morning #WhiteInventions was one of the top trends on Twitter in the US and was used more than 30,000 times. An early tweet widely shared using the hashtag came from Whitey McPrivilege, an account, which as its name might suggest, prides itself in annoying liberals. In the tweet Mr McPrivilege called on "caucasiophobes" to pipe down and be grateful for all the wonderful inventions that he credited to white people.
If this was intended to provoke a reaction then it worked. Some people responded in kind by posting that the first pinhole camera was invented by Arab physicist Ibn al-Haytham in 1021 AD. Others suggested that some of the discoveries on the McPrivilege list depended heavily on the pioneering investigation of algebra by the 9th Century Persian mathematician, Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi.
But there were several people who expressed support for the sentiments of Whitey McPrivilege.
However, the tag was soon taken over, and given a sardonic spin.
This sort of hashtag hijacking was not an isolated case. Over the weekend #WhitePrivilegeMeans was used more 340,000 times mostly by people wishing to express the sentiment that non-whites get a significantly worse deal from US society than whites.
Others mentioned Dylann Roof, the man accused of gunning down nine people inside a historic black church in South Carolina in 2015, who was bought a Burger King meal by police while he was in custody.
However several people used the tag to say that such a privilege does not exist and that it was time it stopped being mentioned.
Perhaps needless to say when views are as polarised as those revealed by the 'white' hashtags then statistics put up by one side are disputed by the other.
The statistical basis for the above tweet, for example, is contested by Sam Sinyangwe, who is a researcher who started the Mapping Police Violence project. He told the BBC:
"Black people are three times more likely to be killed by police in the United States than white people. More unarmed black people were killed by police than unarmed white people in 2014. And that's taking into account the fact that black people are only 14% of the population here."
However, a new study, spanning 10 years and looking at more than 1,000 cases, released by Harvard University, stated that while black men and women are more likely to be "touched, handcuffed, pushed to the ground or pepper-sprayed by a police officer", there was no evidence of intended racial bias when it came to shootings by police officers.
But whatever the figures underlying the existence or non-existence of "white privilege" some on social media feel the outbreak of racially-slanted hashtags is not doing anybody any good.
Blog by Megha Mohan
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A 41-year-old man has died following a crash between a recovery vehicle and a Nissan Qashqai towing a caravan.
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The collision happened on the A548 Coast Road, near Holywell, Flinshire, at about 10:05 BST.
The man who died was the driver of the flatbed recovery vehicle, and was local to the area.
North Wales Police said they are investigating and are appealing for any witnesses.
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A stretch of the M1 and a sliproad for the M25 have been closed in a lorry fire which has led to 20 miles of traffic queues.
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The M1 southbound sliproad at junction 6a, for the M25, has been closed since about 06:00 BST.
Police, fire and highways officers are on the scene and drivers have been asked to avoid the area.
Queues on the southbound carriageway are reported to be tailing back to junction 11 for Luton.
Hertfordshire Police said a "multi-agency" operation was under way to reopen the route.
Highways England warned that drivers could face queues of an hour, with "normal" traffic conditions not anticipated until about 17:30.
Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]
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A man in his 40s has died after a fire in a first-floor flat, police have said.
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Four people and a dog were rescued from flats in Welcombe Avenue in Swindon, Wiltshire, at about 10:15 GMT on Sunday.
Wiltshire Police said the man's death was not being treated as suspicious but inquiries into the cause of the fire were continuing.
All flats within the building have been evacuated as a precaution.
Residents have been offered shelter at the nearby Buckhurst Community Centre in Burghley Close.
Related Internet Links
Wiltshire Police
Dorset & Wiltshire Fire Service
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Has the London 'ghost town' disappeared?
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Tom EdwardsTransport correspondent, London@BBCTomEdwardson Twitter
Certainly Transport for London's (TfL) latest figures suggest footfall in the West End is up.
Compared to a year ago, TfL's figures show there was a 27% increase in passengers using stations in the West End on Saturday night.
There will be surprise at that from some businesses, particularly those that don't cater to the particular peccadilloes of Olympic tourists.
But you can almost feel the relief from TfL.
Message change
It was under considerable pressure (and still is from some - particularly the black cab trade) after accusations it had over-cooked the transport warning messages.
In the middle of last week it changed the message to one promoting central London.
TfL says: "The sorts of patterns we are seeing are all consistent with previous Games.
"Sydney, Athens and Vancouver all experienced similar patterns."
The figures show that on 3 August, London Underground carried an all-time record of 4.4m people, compared with 3.7m on an average day in the same week last year.
I used the Tube on Friday. It was busy - but not that busy.
The difference at the moment seems to be the rush hour has spread out over the day and commuters have staggered their journeys.
Bosses at TfL told me they do not think the Tube could have coped on Friday if they had all those passengers as well as commuters.
Economic debate
The transport plan - to ask (or scare?) Londoners to change their habits - to make room for spectators seems to have worked, in that we have not had too many big transport problems compounded by large crowds.
The debate over whether the plan was the correct one is another matter.
The fact is the system worked pretty well. Even the independent passenger watchdog London TravelWatch agrees with that.
The economic debate is also very interesting if, in my view, only partly linked to transport.
A number of politicians have claimed the Olympics would bring an economic benefit to London - contrary to previous evidence that shows most cities suffer a net loss in tourism short-term when they hold the Games.
While I'm sure local transport is part of that debate - putting the blame solely onto it for scaring people away is simplistic.
Other factors come into play including the recession, high room costs at some hotels, high flight prices and the preferences of Olympic tourists.
Also don't forget the 'main' attraction is a brand new Olympic Park miles away from the centre of London.
If you come to London to watch the Olympics that's where you'll be heading.
Let me know your thoughts…
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The Rhine Canal is placid in the afternoon sun.
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By Richard BlackEnvironment correspondent, BBC News, Fessenheim
Barges saunter by, insects buzz, and the occasional bird makes a foray from the marshier banks of the Rhine itself, a kilometre away.
But the tranquil ambience is misleading. Here lies a new fault line, one that spans much more of the globe than Europe; the line that marks the division between nuclear and anti-nuclear ambitions.
The centre of the issue is Fessenheim nuclear power station, whose twin reactors, reflected in the water's still surface, are the oldest in France.
French safety regulators have just recommended that one of the reactors can continue to operate for another decade, and a similar recommendation on the other is expected later in the year.
On the other side of the Rhine is Germany, which decided earlier this year, in the wake of the Fukushima disaster in Japan, to phase out nuclear power within that same decade.
German local authorities, and many citizens nearby, want Fessenheim closed too and are angry that they have no say in the matter, despite the fact that the station sits just 1.5km from their border.
Switzerland, 40km further south, wants the same thing. Both see a future powered by Sun and wind, not the atom.
As the world decides which path to take in the aftermath of Fukushima, you could not find anywhere on the planet where the nuclear divide looms so large.
Fessenheim has always been controversial.
Even before its completion in 1976, protests ran long and loud in France, as well as its neighbours.
Campaigners lived in a pylon for nine months; they also set up a pirate radio station broadcasting anti-nuclear information, using a portable transmitter carried from place to place in the hills nearby to avoid detection.
Since its opening, however, the station has had no significant accidents. So why not conclude that it is safe?
"Fukushima also worked safely for 30 years," responds Axel Mayer, who leads the branch of environmental group Bund in nearby Freiburg, known as the ecological capital of Germany.
"But now, after Fukushima, we see things differently; and if we have an accident in Fessenheim, the radioactive water won't go into the ocean, it'll go into the Rhine, and then it's not a problem of the area, it's a problem of Europe."
In part, opposition to the ageing station is based on the general arguments against nuclear power; the danger of weapons proliferation, the lack of a solution to waste disposal, and so on.
But there are some aspects of Fessenheim that make it a particular target.
In 1356, a major earthquake destroyed the city of Basel, just over the Swiss border.
This is a geologically complex area, and the cause of the Basel quake has not been precisely pinned down; but the design requirements for Fessenheim did not specify that it must resist an event of similar magnitude nearby.
In fact, its concrete base is one of the thinnest of all European nuclear stations - a point picked up by the French regulators, who insist it must be strengthened in order to gain the extra decade of operating life.
In addition, it lies below the level of the canal water, and there are fears about flooding if the levee were damaged - fears that to some campaigners resonate with echoes of Fukushima.
But not to Fabienne Stich, the mayor of Fessenheim town.
"We sought expert evaluations," she says.
"Ecologists and anti-nuclear campaigners say the dam might break - fine, it could - but if that happened, the water would drain onto the plain and it wouldn't be a great wave over the power station like in Japan - that's not possible."
Carbon concerns
The French government argues that the nuclear industry is good for the country economically, generating employment and exports along with clean, reliable electricity.
Nuclear fission produces about 80% of French electricity, and companies with big stakes in the industry such as EDF and Areva are mainly state-owned.
Locally, the Fessenheim power station is obviously important economically, employing 700 people, many of whom are highly skilled.
I spoke to a few residents in the local pharmacy, where they must come every four years to pick up supplies of iodine tablets in case of a radioactive release.
The general view was that the station was OK with them - nothing serious had happened. "How else are we going to get our electricity?" was a point frequently made.
It is made also by Jerome Stiebel, a medical physicist from the University of Strasbourg in France and a member of the organisation EFN - Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy.
"I think nuclear power is ultimately the least dirty option," he says.
"If you look at Germany that wants to abandon nuclear power, or at the Swiss, what are they going to do?
"They're going to replace it with gas and coal, and put tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere."
For all its environmental credentials, Germany uses fossil fuels for about two-thirds of its electricity generation - three times as much as France - and is building new plants burning coal and gas.
Since closing eight nuclear stations earlier this year, it has been importing more electricity from France and the Czech Republic via the cables that tie the European grid together - and that is largely nuclear electricity.
The eventual German ambition is to replace all of it with renewables, and the policy's architects believe phasing out nukes with speed and certainty is the way to advance the renewables vision.
"The renewable energy community has argued that what is needed is a rapid phase-out, because then it's clear that money needs to be invested in a new grid infrastructure, in building offshore wind parks," argues Miranda Schreurs, director of the Environmental Policy Research Centre at the Free University of Berlin.
"As long as those nuclear plants are allowed to run, it leaves the door open to a change of policy towards further extensions to their lifetime or perhaps eventually a build-out of nuclear power, which makes it difficult for investors to say 'OK, I know now where I'm going to put my investment - into renewables'."
But Ralf Gueldner of energy giant E.on, president of the nuclear trade body Foratom, says that is wrong.
"The plan in Germany was to have some 35% of power produced by renewables by 2020," he recalls.
"But who's going to invest? Where does the money come from?
"Part of it should come from revenues out of the operation of the nuclear power plants; so the question is, will there now be enough money available to invest in renewables?"
Breaking the 'wall'
As things stand, the Franco-German energy divide is starker than ever before, with each embarking on very different trajectories.
In France, some observers believe Germany is heading down an expensive blind alley and will revisit the nuclear question at some point.
But others believe it is showing the way forward for the world by ending the nuclear age; and the campaigners who are opposing Fessenheim by what they describe as "the methods of Gandhi" are determined to change French national policy.
"France is putting all its hopes into the nuclear industry, it boasts of being the leading manufacturer of nuclear power stations, and it's so well established at the industrial and political levels that we're under the yoke of the nuclear lobby," says Claude Maillet.
"I use this image comparing it to the Berlin wall - we're up against a wall of French nuclear power, and each citizen, each activist, should pick up a tool and strike the wall of nuclear power, and we'll be able to bring it down."
You can hear more about Fessenheim, the European microcosm of the global nuclear divide, in Atomic States on the BBC World Service
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Eight men have pleaded not guilty to conspiring to murder a father-of-four fatally shot in the Black Country.
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Mohammed Haroon Zeb, 39, died in hospital after being found with serious injuries on Queens Cross, Dudley, on 31 January.
Four men pleaded not guilty at Wolverhampton Crown Court on Friday after four others entered similar pleas on 19 March.
They were all remanded in custody ahead of a trial starting in October.
The eight men, all from Dudley, are are charged with conspiracy to commit murder and possessing a firearm.
They are:
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Oil exporters are eager to stabilise or push up its price, against the slump in demand from the pandemic and growing pressure for more efficient or lower energy use. Beyond the short term, the industry isn't just dealing with the familiar boom and bust cycle, but growing pressure for a permanent shift to far lower carbon emissions. It's eager to shape that future and remain part of it. In the UK, the move to hydrogen power, along with carbon capture, offer an opportunity to the industry to redirect its engineering expertise. Government has to provide the skills and training base, but how much more does it have to do to shape industries, when BiFab - Scotland's best hope for steel fabrication for offshore wind power - can't win any contracts and has now gone into administration?
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Douglas FraserBusiness/economy editor, Scotland
This isn't just any business cycle for the oil industry. As its major exporters in Opec plus Russia convene this week to decide how best to sustain the price above 40 US dollars, it's not just Covid-19 that's caused the tectonic plates to shift underneath them, and nor will vaccines make the challenge go away.
Climate change, and the political and consumer pressure resulting from it, is forcing much of the industry to think hard about its future and to act.
Exxon Mobil this week joined other fossil fuel majors, including Shell, BP and Chevron, in writing down the value of reserves on a colossal scale: around $80bn between them. The American-based ones are much slower to commit future investment funds to renewable energy, but BP and Shell are eager to redefine themselves.
That revaluing follows a sharp and chaotic drop in the oil price last spring, when Opec-plus-Russia failed to agree a production cut in line with the global demand slump due to the pandemic and lockdown.
They later agreed a cut of around 8%. Most have observed their self-denying commitments, and the cut has worked for them. The price of a barrel of Brent crude has recovered since spring, and stabilised. With optimism about vaccines and more demand out of China, it now sits close to $50. But that's more than 25% down this year, and the dollar has been weakening.
Gas has also been priced low, with demand from fuel-burning industry slowing up. Supply has been boosted by new pipelines, and shipments of liquified hydrocarbons.
America's fracking industry can ramp up production quickly, but it's boom and bust in the Texas and Dakota scrublands. When the price drops, it's also the producing "basin" where companies fail. Exxon's $17bn to $20bn write-down reflects a wildly optimistic gamble 10 years ago.
'Keep it in the ground'
That's nothing new to oil, with its breezy confidence that bust surely turns back to boom. Black gold always finds a way back, because it has been inextricably linked with economic growth and prosperity. Until now.
It is now being shunned by some institutional investors, and banks tread warily in dealings with it. Even in Norway, awash with wealth from oil and gas, its gigantic trust fund is no longer backing other countries and foreign companies to keep it pumping.
Environment policy is heading in the same direction, with pressure to reduce subsidies and tax breaks. The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR), a London-based left-leaning think tank, has published a report today urging UK and Scottish governments to keep oil and gas in the ground. It wants to see a reversal of the policy of "maximum economic recovery", and chief executives rewarded on the basis of their environmental performance.
This comes with a social message, to soften the economic blow. While it notes that many of the jobs are outside Scotland, 10% of Aberdeen jobs are reckoned to be directly oil-dependent, and 5% in Aberdeenshire. So IPPR offers a plan to avoid managed decline, instead making this a managed transition, somehow achieved with the consent of workers and communities.
As a slogan, "managed transition rather than decline" chimes with industry efforts. As governments in the UK are signing up to ever more ambitious targets for achieving net zero on climate changing emissions, the oil and gas sector is trying to respond with its own plans.
Oil and Gas UK, which represents it, this week produced its annual economic impact report. In the past, it's been an impressive listing of jobs, investment, production by the millions of barrels per day, and economic impact to benefit us all.
This year, it reads more like a plea for understanding, patience and help with the transition to lower-carbon energy.
It wants to slash its own burning of carbons in the process of producing lots more of them, reaching net zero by 2050. That's made easier by quite a lot of decline expected by then, and also if it can deploy offshore floating wind turbines to power its production platforms.
It argues that even the toughest targets for reducing carbon emissions would still require some oil and lots of gas to supply 46% of global energy needs 20 years from now.
Hydrogen power
If there's to be a big transition to hydrogen - though not yet commercially viable, but in demonstration phase on buses and trains - some will be split from water molecules by wind power. But once wind has replaced nuclear power, and met the demands of battery-driven transport, there will still be a need for gas to create "blue hydrogen" rather than the green, wind-driven variety, converting water to hydrogen at plants along the North Sea coast.
Allied to that, the gas grid network is trialling the use of the current pipe network to carry hydrogen in a trial project in east Fife. Hydrogen can be 10% of the mix with North Sea gas and without any changes to pipework or boilers: that mix alone can cut emissions significantly. Meanwhile, in a separate desktop exercise, the east of Scotland is being scoped out for such conversion.
That depends on capturing gas's carbon emissions and storing them under the seabed - an expensive and complex technology that has had a number of false dawns and inconsistent UK government policy.
Oil and Gas UK reckons that more than £2bn has to be spent to get the industry going in the next decade, and that's just for transport and infrastructure. By 2050, it thinks there will be a need to capture and store annually the equivalent of half the carbon dioxide created by Britain's domestic heating boilers in 2019.
That's going to take engineering know-how, and a knowledge of rock structures under the North Sea will surely help. So the industry is trying to persuade policy makers and the public that it is key to making this happen.
The Acorn project, centred on the St Fergus gas terminal in Aberdeenshire, is the lead prospect for showing how. It was begun two years ago, is scheduled for final investment gateway in a year and to be in operation in 2023.
Having set out its stall on this last year, Oil and Gas UK is seeking also to lead and educate its own members - exploration drillers, producers, oilfield services and the long and varied supply chain - into recognition that they have to make radicals changes, if they haven't already begun.
The sector body is currently negotiating one of those "deals" which have come to characterise Whitehall policy as a series of transactions. Industry ambition for the North Sea Transition Deal is very large.
Oil and Gas UK estimates that the investment needed to achieve government targets on the energy transition are roughly 2% of total national output, or Gross Domestic Product. That comes to around £50bn a year, sustained for the next 30 years.
IPPR points out that such investment should come with a lot of jobs - 1.6m across the UK, including 134,000 in Scotland - and that it is governments' task to ensure training and skills are up to the task.
BiFab or bust?
The scale of government intervention in the private sector economy is a hot topic in EU-UK post-Brexit talk, and in Downing Street, where the departed Dominic Cummings appeared to have persuaded the prime minister to back far more intervention than usual for Conservatives.
And in Holyrood? That's a question left hanging by the absence of any clear policy on the symbolic great hope for manufacturing tied to offshore renewable power.
BiFab, which has now gone into administration, has been denied the financial guarantee the Scottish government promised and then withdrew. So its three fabrication yards remain mothballed, and scores of jackets for seabed installation are being built in China, Indonesia and the United Arab Emirates.
Economy Secretary Fiona Hyslop says she is barred from offering subsidy of the sort that a commercial firm would or could not offer, and the Scottish government's partner in keeping BiFab afloat, Canadian engineering firm DF Barnes, is being blamed by her for a lack of investment.
It seems odd, at least, that there is a need to be bound by European state aid rules less than a month from full economic Brexit. And it lost the SNP two votes at Holyrood on Wednesday.
But leave that aside for now, because there's a more fundamental question: why Scottish yards are not internationally competitive in the first place: and what is being done about that?
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A man has appeared in court charged with the murder of a 17-year-old boy who was found dead on the banks of the River Hull in East Yorkshire.
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Connor Lyons' body was discovered on an embankment near Ennerdale on Tuesday.
Cole Jarvis, 21, of Stroud Crescent West, Hull, appeared via a video link at Hull Crown Court where he was remanded in custody.
No plea was entered and Mr Jarvis will next appear in court on 12 April, with his trial set for 12 September.
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A car wreck found at the bottom of a lake brought the search for a missing young mother to an end. But why was it a volunteer team behind the discovery, and not the police?
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By Jessica LussenhopBBC News, North Dakota
This story is published in collaboration with High Country News.
On a blazing hot day in late July, Lissa Yellowbird-Chase drove her black SUV, license plate "SEARCH", to a muddy landing on Lake Sakakawea. It was a remote entrance to the water on the northern edge of the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota - not much more than a rickety dock at the end of an uneven gravel road.
Hitched to the back of Yellowbird-Chase's truck was a 14-foot boat with a half-broken motor and a set of fishing sonar. By her own admission, she was not a particularly skilled or experienced boater, nor an expert in sonar. But she had a plan.
Along with a couple of volunteers from her group, the Sahnish Scouts of North Dakota, they would motor along the shoreline of the bay, scanning the lakebed for anomalies, moving further and further away from the shore with each pass. They would keep going until Yellowbird-Chase satisfied the nagging feeling she'd had about this spot for months.
"I don't know what it was - I was drawn to that place," she recalled later. "I actually stood in that bay last fall."
Nine months earlier, in the autumn of 2017, a young mother of five named Olivia Kerri Lone Bear vanished from New Town, a tiny oil-boom city on the Fort Berthold Reservation. The 32-year-old was last seen on 24 October, at the wheel of a teal-coloured Chevy Silverado pick-up truck that she often borrowed from a friend. She was a caretaker for her father, and the following day, he found her wallet and mobile phone at his home.
Since then, the Lone Bear family had been searching for Olivia in vain. Yellowbird-Chase joined the effort along with the Sahnish Scouts, a group she founded in 2015 to search and recover missing people in Indian Country - though she had been doing the work on her own since about 2011.
"PLEASE SHARE," she posted on Facebook five days after Olivia disappeared, alongside a missing poster with telephone numbers for the Lone Bear family and her own personal mobile number. "You can remain anonymous."
In the weeks that followed, large groups of volunteers fanned out across the 1-million acre reservation on foot, and on all-terrain vehicles. Her family took over a tribal government building and established a search headquarters with a tipline, which they manned every day for months. Reported sightings came from as far away as California and Arizona.
But once the tundra-like North Dakota winter set in, all search efforts - aside from keeping the phone line open - had to be suspended until spring. The lake froze over, sealing itself under a thick crust of ice.
By July, when Yellowbird-Chase pushed out in her boat, summer was in its full height, and the waters were wide open.
She tried not to get excited when, a few hundred feet from the shore, her sonar picked up a rectangular object on what should have been the blank, featureless lakebed. In the early 1950s, the US Army Corps of Engineers dammed the Missouri River and created Lake Sakakawea, flooding farmland that belonged to the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara tribes, and swallowing towns whole. The anomaly she saw on the screen could be nothing more than an old building foundation or a chimney, she thought.
Still, she took a photo and texted it to Keith Cormican, a technical diver and certified underwater sonar operator in Wisconsin. While Yellowbird-Chase was a sonar novice, she considered Cormican her "mentor" - his organisation Bruce's Legacy has located and recovered 27 drowning victims since 2013.
"I knew she had a vehicle," he recalled.
He texted back that she should keep taking scans at different times of day, to catch shadows coming off the object that would give it better definition.
After days of obsessively motoring back and forth over the same spot, and struggling with their broken motor, Yellowbird-Chase texted a new image to Corey Bristol, the then-chief deputy of the Mountrail County Sheriff's Office. It was a Saturday, and Bristol was 70 miles away, spending his day off with his father. But when he looked down at his phone and saw a pixellated image featuring what looked like a tiny Tonka truck at the centre, he jumped in his car and accelerated back towards New Town.
"We definitely wanted to find out what was down there," he said.
Bristol contacted the North Dakota Game and Fish Department, who sent their own agents. He also shared the image with Sergeant Ben White at the Williams County Sheriff's Office, the closest local jurisdiction with a dive team. White said he recognised the object immediately.
"There's the wheels, there's the windshield - I see it," White remembered thinking. "I said, 'We're going to pull a vehicle tomorrow.'"
On 31 July, officers from Williams County, Mountrail County, the Bureau of Indian Affairs and North Dakota Game and Fish converged on the site. Yellowbird-Chase and her volunteers watched from the marina across the bay through binoculars. They watched as the dive team sailed out to the spot, and the divers plunged in. They watched as a tow truck backed up to the water's edge and officers fetched an extra-long tow strap.
Eventually, after many hours of work, the roof of a pick-up truck - grey with muck and silt - broke the surface of the water.
When officers looked into the cab, the nine-month search for Olivia Lone Bear officially came to an end.
"I didn't know how to feel," said Yellowbird-Chase. "I was happy that I knew closure was going to happen. I was happy that her children would know the only thing that would come between them and their mom was death."
Over the years, Yellowbird-Chase - a steely, plainspoken 50-year-old, and an enrolled member of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation - has assisted in dozens of missing persons cases. She is a part of a growing community of mostly-female amateur sleuths and activists who say cases of missing indigenous men and women are routinely under-prioritised and under-investigated by authorities.
"Don't wait for law enforcement," Yellowbird-Chase once advised at a press conference for Lone Bear. "People have this false sense of security that when you file a missing person report, that all of the officers and detectives jump in their cars and run all over the place looking for this person. That's simply not true."
Law and order is handled completely differently on tribal land than it is in the rest of the United States, under a system that the bipartisan Indian Law & Order Commission called "an indefensible morass of complex, conflicting, and illogical commands" in a 2013 report to Congress and then-President Barack Obama.
Thanks to a series of federal laws dating as far back as the 18th Century, tribal governments and their police departments have very limited power to enforce the law, and instead must rely on state and federal authorities to administer justice.
"When Congress and the administration [US Government] ask why the crime rate is so high in Indian country, they need look no further than the archaic system in place," the commission's report said.
A 1978 Supreme Court decision stripped tribal nations of prosecutorial and police jurisdictional powers, meaning tribal police officers and prosecutors have no authority over non-Natives who commit crimes on reservations or in tribal territories. If tribal police encounter a non-Native crime suspect, they often have to wait - sometimes hours - to turn the person over to officers from the police or sheriff's department with proper jurisdiction.
That response is contingent on tribal and non-tribal law enforcement agencies having a good working relationship, according to Tim Purdon, the US Attorney for the state of North Dakota from 2010 to 2015.
"You'd go to meetings and every tribal police officer would have some terrible story about pulling over a non-Native for a DUI and calling the sheriff because he didn't have jurisdiction, and nobody ever coming," he said. "All it takes is one person in that chain of command who, for whatever reason, doesn't want to collaborate."
Certain exceptions exist - for example, the reauthorisation of the Violence Against Women Act in 2013 gave tribal officers and prosecutors authority to arrest and charge non-Natives for domestic violence crimes.
But tribes cannot pursue felony convictions of their own members for major crimes like murder, manslaughter, rape and kidnapping. Only federal prosecutors have that power, and a 2010 US Government Accountability Office report showed that United States attorneys declined to prosecute half of all cases from Indian Country over a five-year period.
North Dakota had one of the highest rates of declinations - 62% of violent crime cases referred to them were turned down. Since 2010, nationwide case declination rates have dropped from half to about one-third of cases, but mistrust of federal authorities persists.
When a crime has occurred, simply establishing which agency - whether tribal, municipal, state or federal - has jurisdiction over a case can be a surprisingly high hurdle to clear. Law enforcement officers are much more scarce in Indian Country than in comparable rural and suburban parts of the US, and one of the most tired axioms in this corner of law enforcement is that "it is not a crime to go missing".
"I have had cases in Alaska that I have talked to no less than a half-dozen agencies that have all said, 'It ain't one of mine,'" said Janet Franson, a retired Florida homicide detective who founded the group Lost and Missing in Indian Country four years ago.
Reliable data about this issue is scarce, and the most commonly used crime statistics show glaring discrepancies when it comes to counting Native American crime victims. For instance, the FBI's Uniform Crime Report lists 2,415 American Indian or Alaska Native homicides from 1999 to 2017. However, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data collected from US medical examiners from the same time period showed 4,821 homicide victims identified as American Indian or Alaska Native - meaning only half were recorded by the FBI's database.
"We can't respond to violence we don't track," said Annita Lucchesi, executive director of the Sovereign Bodies Institute, who has been working for four years to create her own comprehensive database.
In response to these obstacles, a grassroots movement of indigenous activists have coalesced to take matters into their own hands, categorised loosely under the banner of the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) movement, though there is no one unifying organisation or label.
The MMIW acronym first emerged in Canada in the 1990s, where activists have been sounding the alarm about disproportionate rates of violence and homicide against indigenous women for decades. The movement has strengthened in part thanks to social media networks like Facebook, which gave activists the power to publicise their missing persons cases without needing the help of news reporters or police.
Many advocates take their work offline as well, liaising between victims' families and law enforcement. That can include helping families to submit their DNA to the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs), or the FBI's Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), which can compare profiles to those of unidentified human remains.
"A lot of families don't know they can do that," said Carolyn DeFord, an MMIW activist in Tacoma, Washington, whose own mother disappeared in 1999. "You'd think they'd get a checklist, but families don't get basic tools."
Few advocates have plunged into active cases further than Yellowbird-Chase. Not only does she search for the bodies, she tries to solve open cases. This has made her an ally to families with no one else to turn to, and extremely unpopular with others, including some in law enforcement.
"She can be overly pushy," conceded Mountrail County Sheriff Corey Bristol, who has known Yellowbird-Chase for years. "But if it gets you results, maybe that's not a bad trait."
The discovery of Olivia Lone Bear seemed like definitive proof of the power of these volunteers, and should have been the crowning achievement of roughly a decade of searching for the missing and murdered. But like most things in Yellowbird-Chase's world, it wasn't that simple.
"I was disillusioned by all this chaos that came with the case, the aftermath," she said not long after the discovery.
After the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) confirmed that Olivia's body had been found in the truck, the Lone Bear family did not acknowledge Yellowbird-Chase's role in the discovery. Matthew Lone Bear, the family spokesman, called her a "thorn in our sides" who'd been asked to leave the search for Olivia months ago. Because of tension with the family, Yellowbird-Chase did not attend the funeral.
Instead, she left New Town and drove east, to another search.
People who know Yellowbird-Chase rarely come away with a lukewarm opinion. Officers have angrily accused her of "posing as an investigator" and questioned her motives, while others are happy for the help in remote parts of the country where resources are scarce.
To her allies in the MMIW community, she represents something much more than just boots on the ground. DeFord called her "a warrior for our families".
"If the law enforcement agencies… were looking for these missing people, Lissa wouldn't need to be out there," said Franson. "Just by virtue of the fact that she's out there and she's doing these searches - it's not because she wants to. It's because she feels she has to."
On the day that Yellowbird-Chase went looking for signs of a missing man in the wreckage of a house in Fort Totten, on the Spirit Lake Reservation, the sun rose in the sky over North Dakota like a bloody orange eye.
It was August, a little over a week after the discovery of Lone Bear, and wildfires were raging hundreds of miles away in California. The walls of smoke they created were rolling across the country and had reached the plains of the upper Midwest. The sky overhead glowed eerily as Yellowbird-Chase spoke to an anonymous tipster on her mobile phone, jotting notes on the back of a receipt.
Weeks earlier - not long after 38-year-old Joseph James Bruce Sr went missing - a house in Fort Totten had burned to the ground, the tipster claimed. No one had yet been through the charred remains.
Bruce vanished on 25 June. He was a big man - six-foot-two, 205 pounds, partial to his red "Native Pride" ball cap, his mouth framed by a salt-and-pepper moustache and goatee. His partner of over 20 years said he never showed up at a hospital where the couple's severely disabled 12-year-old son had been admitted with seizures. It wasn't like him, she said, to disappear in the middle of his child's health crisis.
A few days after his last contact, police found the family's minivan, specially outfitted for their son's wheelchair, at the end of a remote dirt road beside a marshy slough with the keys in the ignition. From there, the trail went cold.
Yellowbird-Chase sang a prayer song quietly to herself as the car flew around the curved shoreline of Devils Lake toward Fort Totten. Her car was a cluttered mess of old coffee cups and cigarette butts, maps and camping supplies, though her most important tool was likely her mobile phone - she tracks her search routes with a hiking app, records all her interviews and telephone calls, and her Facebook account pings constantly with new private messages.
At that moment, searching was Yellowbird-Chase's full-time gig. After nearly a decade working as a welder at a steel manufacturing plant in Fargo, she quit her job the previous winter in order to stay on the Lone Bear search. Since then, she had been financing her work through savings, though those funds were running low. She'd recently quit the lease on the apartment which had served as her base of operations and her home for 10 years, and said she planned to buy and live in a camper year-round - a kind of mobile search headquarters.
"I'd rather spend that [rent money] on helping somebody find their loved one," she said.
When she arrived at a residential neighbourhood in Fort Totten, she slowed to peer up at the houses. Although some were boarded up and dilapidated, none appeared totally gutted by fire. It took several passes before she found it.
"There's nothing here - nothing," she said, climbing down into the gravel where the house once stood. "This has been cleaned up."
It appeared that since the tipster had been to the house - a random one with no known connection to the Bruce family - a crew had come and levelled the remains with heavy equipment, carting away the debris and leaving nothing but an empty lot. If the fire had had anything to do with Bruce's disappearance, Yellowbird-Chase fretted, that evidence was now destroyed.
Chasing down leads - no matter how outlandish or speculative - is time-consuming but necessary to Yellowbird-Chase. When someone told Bruce's 62-year-old mother that he'd been "fed to the pigs", Yellowbird-Chase went looking for pig farms.
"She was here almost every weekend with us," said Miranda Patnaude, Bruce's partner.
Since she's not an officer of the law bound by jurisdiction, Yellowbird-Chase traverses on and off the reservation, speaking to whomever she pleases. As a Native person with experience in tribal law, she's familiar with the inner workings and politics of tribal governments and police departments. Yellowbird-Chase makes the call to authorities if she has something to report that took place on tribal land. If it's on municipal or county land, she asks one of the Sahnish Scouts.
"I'm the go-to white girl," said Jemima Heppner, one of her most reliable volunteers. "White privilege - we try to use that to our benefit when necessary."
Yellowbird-Chase also taps into what she calls her "criminal mind" at times, particularly when she's approaching an active suspect.
"I keep it real, I stay humble. I'm a human and I'm not afraid to show that," she said. "You can kind of get into that criminal mindset. At least I can."
As a young mother, Yellowbird-Chase was in and out of homelessness, violent relationships and an addiction to "everything" - crack cocaine and alcohol, principally. When her oldest daughter was 12 years old, she ran away from home, and Yellowbird-Chase did not go after her, a dereliction of duty that plagued their relationship for years.
"She believed that I didn't come looking for her because I didn't love her," Yellowbird-Chase said.
She eventually found purpose by becoming a legal advocate for the Three Affiliated Tribes, handling civil, criminal and family cases. But when a train derailment sent a cloud of ammonia over their town, the chemicals nearly killed her young sons. Their lengthy hospitalisations forced her to drop all her cases.
"My life kind of went to shit," she said. "My friend told me, 'I've got something that'll boost you up.' And that was the first time I ever tried meth. And that was the end of that."
In 2006, Yellowbird-Chase missed the birth of her first grandchild when she was arrested halfway across the state with a bag filled with methamphetamine and cash. She hit bottom when she was sentenced to 10 years in a North Dakota prison for possession with intent to distribute. She served just under three years.
"I decided I was going to come out of this different," she recalled.
In 2012, when Yellowbird-Chase was home, sober and working steady at the steel company in Fargo, Kristopher "KC" Clarke, a 29-year-old oil field worker, disappeared from the Fort Berthold Reservation. It was the height of the North Dakota shale oil boom, and Clarke - like tens of thousands of other young men - had moved to the Bakken from Washington state to chase the glut of high-paying jobs that had suddenly sprung up. When things soured with his oil contractor boss, Clarke wound up missing, his truck found abandoned. Although two people are currently incarcerated for Clarke's murder, his remains have never been found.
Yellowbird-Chase was transfixed by the case. She started passing out fliers on Fort Berthold, interviewing peripheral and then central suspects in the case. She spent days camping out in the fields, digging up suspicious patches of ground, smelling the air for foul odours.
She started buying more gear, and taking longer leaves from work to go on searches. Over time, she shifted her attention to mostly cases of missing indigenous men and women. She began gaining a reputation, and became a speaker at missing persons conferences and MMIW events. In 2015, the North Dakota Human Rights Coalition gave the Sahnish Scouts the "Arc of Justice" award for their work. They inspired a sister group called the Gitchigumi Scouts in Minnesota.
She now has a stack of cases on her desk, which she pores over in her cramped apartment in Fargo, at a desk chair whose wheels have ground a wide discoloured circle into the flooring.
"I always have something to do," she said. "There are always people reaching out."
It was a Facebook post by Bruce's 18-year-old daughter that first caught Yellowbird-Chase's eye. Unlike the Clarke case or the Lone Bear case, Bruce's story never caught fire on social media or picked up much news coverage.
A month after his disappearance, the search for Bruce had fallen almost entirely on the shoulders of the women in his family - his partner, his mother and his teenage daughters. They spent their Saturdays and Sundays driving the two hours to Spirit Lake to trespass on cattle pastures and abandoned farms, sifting through trash, peering down old wells, looking for any sign of him.
They'd searched the trash-strewn area where the van was found dozens of times, and picked new spots either at random, from rumour or even from images in their dreams.
Patnaude frequently posted on Facebook begging for additional volunteers, but aside from Yellowbird-Chase, she almost never heard back.
"I think they picture Joe as a bad guy but they don't know Joe the way we know him," said Patnaude. "I just wish other people would understand, too, that he is somebody's dad, boyfriend, son, brother."
At the time of his disappearance, a warrant was out for Bruce's arrest over an incident involving Patnaude - she asked the BBC not to include the details, fearing they will dissuade people from offering help. This hierarchy of victims is something that Yellowbird-Chase is very familiar with. She sees firsthand how some are deemed "worthy" of searching for, while others are received with indifference - as if culpable in their own disappearance.
"As a relative, we can look past that and know in our hearts that we still love that person, but society doesn't see it that way," she said.
Near the end of a weekend of searching for Joe Bruce, Yellowbird-Chase waited to take Patnaude and her daughter out on Devils Lake, in the same boat she'd used to find Olivia Lone Bear. But as the afternoon wore on, the family texted her they were heading to another town to consult with a psychic medium, and would not be back before dark.
The news filled Yellowbird-Chase with exasperation. It was a scenario she'd seen before, when psychics sent a family into a tailspin. A scammer had also been texting Patnaude, promising her footage of Bruce's disappearance in exchange for $3,000. When she failed to come up with the money, the man turned on her, sneering that she must have wanted Bruce to disappear.
Meanwhile, the search could only go on for another month, maybe two. It's not uncommon in North Dakota for snow to be falling by Halloween.
"You can't tell me the families aren't watching the calendar, too. But people get so desperate," said Yellowbird-Chase. "You'll try anything, you know? Can't blame them."
Olivia Lone Bear went missing right on the edge of winter, as well, long after most summer tourists had left the waters of Lake Sakakawea. Slow law enforcement response, jurisdictional confusion, lack of personnel and resources - it all came to bear on the case.
"We had been pushing for a water search even as far as November 1, that was one of the very first things that as a group we had asked law enforcement," said Matthew Lone Bear, Olivia's brother (he is her first cousin, but identifies as her brother) and the family's spokesman throughout the search. "They don't ever jump in in time, they don't ever put their resources towards it."
According to Matthew, Olivia's father Texx first tried to report her missing to the Three Affiliated Tribes police on a Thursday evening, but was not allowed to make a report until the next morning. He said it took until the following Monday for any real investigatory work to begin, and for a statewide BOLO - a "be on the lookout" alert - to go out, which triggered the first media attention. (Three Affiliated Tribes police did not return calls for comment.)
"They say the first 48 hours are crucial - well, they done wasted that," said Matthew.
Meanwhile, relatives from all over the region converged in New Town - a tiny city whose main street rumbles with trucks going to and from the oil wells that dot the landscape.
Vernon "Tuffy" First, Olivia's uncle and a retired member of the Fort Peck tribal police, said it was repeatedly insinuated to him that his niece had "run off", was out partying, or that she was involved in some other unsavoury activity that had led to her disappearance.
"Hearing those stories was upsetting," said First, who considered Olivia like a daughter to him. "I know my niece, she wouldn't do that."
Investigators eventually spoke to the owner of the missing pick-up truck, and to an ex-boyfriend of Olivia's, but no one was ever arrested. An alphabet soup of agencies came and went, but many couldn't stay long and communication became "chaotic", according to Matthew.
As the weather got colder, the number of volunteers dwindled and the family's fragile relationship with law enforcement deteriorated. Matthew claimed that officers weren't showing up to collect tips that had come in to their search headquarters. The FBI wouldn't step in because there was no evidence of an abduction or other major crime. While the Lone Bears were delighted when the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) took over the investigation in January, by springtime, turnover at the agency left the family confused again.
"We had a revolving door of BIA agents," he said. "I felt that we were kind of put on the backburner because we didn't even know how long our BIA agents were going to be around."
One of the few consistent things about the case was the family's call for a water search. Boats and expertise were in short supply. On Facebook, Matthew Lone Bear posted pictures of two boats and jet skis sitting idle behind the tribal police headquarters, after they said none were available. The searches of the frigid, windblown bay where Olivia was eventually found seemed rushed to the family. An underwater robot team from Bismarck simply didn't drive the unit out far enough.
"We looked there," said Mountrail County Sheriff Corey Bristol. "There it is sitting 100 feet outside your search area… I just think about the hours that Texx and Matthew sat in their little command post. That could have been alleviated."
Cracks formed within the volunteer search effort as well. There were disagreements about strategy and access to resources. Rumours of misspent funds. Unscrupulous characters popped up in the camp, disparaging the family's efforts.
"There are people that are out there and they take advantage of families that are going through this," said Matthew.
By December, he considered Yellowbird-Chase to be one of them. Just a week after holding joint press conference where she sat side by side with the family, Yellowbird-Chase packed her things and left New Town. A few weeks after her departure, Matthew posted a searing condemnation on the Searching for Olivia Lone Bear Facebook page.
"[She was] crowdfunding in Olivia's name twice back in December… Starting fights here, kind of had a hostile environment for our searches, and we had to ask her to leave," he said.
Yellowbird-Chase said she couldn't have misappropriated funds because she never had access to PayPal accounts where money was collected for Olivia's search, and any crowdfunding she did was for the Sahnish Scouts. But she acknowledged that there were clashes with Matthew over the direction the investigation was going, over things like access to the search headquarters, to supplies and hotel rooms.
After leaving the search, she did her best to move on to other cases. But then the spring thaw came, and she couldn't help thinking about the bay.
"I figured, you know, nobody owns the lake."
Some things have changed on the Fort Berthold reservation since Olivia Lone Bear first went missing. The Bureau of Indian Affairs assigned an additional full-time investigator to the reservation. The North Dakota Indian Affairs Commission is putting together a "draft template" for the course of action and coordination between agencies should another case like Lone Bear's arise. Matthew Lone Bear is also putting together his own protocol, taking lessons from their nine-month experience, which he hopes can be made uniform across the state.
These are a part of a broader, national effort to address the fractured criminal justice system in Indian Country, including legislative efforts like Savanna's Act (which has been stalled since its introduction in 2017) and bills in states like Washington, Minnesota and North Dakota. Many of these bills mandate data-reporting, and require additional funding and training for tribal law enforcement. The US Department of Justice has also established programmes to give tribal police new access to federal crime databases and added special assistant prosecutors to work exclusively on these cases.
But some advocates say these are just workarounds that do not address the fundamental issue of federal control of the justice system in Indian Country.
"I think we've really been conditioned to take crumbs," said Lucchesi of the Sovereign Bodies Institute. "Tribes should have jurisdiction over any of their treaty territory."
Hard feelings from the search persist, as well. Despite the discovery, Matthew Lone Bear thinks families should think twice about working with Yellowbird-Chase, and said he is planning to release a detailed statement on the Searching for Olivia Lone Bear Facebook page about "certain MMIW advocates".
Tuffy First, Olivia's uncle, took a different tack. After the discovery of her body was made, he invited Yellowbird-Chase to visit him at his home in Montana, and when she did, he gave her a star blanket - a symbol of respect and appreciation for finding Olivia.
"I'm really grateful. It was really emotional for me," he said. "We don't need to have that part in our mind, our bodies, our spirits - wondering."
The case of Olivia Lone Bear remains unsolved. The investigation is ongoing, but little new information has been released to the family, even eight months after her body was discovered.
They have only been given the death certificate. Under cause of death, the document said, "undetermined".
On a frigid, colourless day in October, Yellowbird-Chase waited on a bench on the fourth floor of a nearly silent federal courthouse in downtown Fargo. She'd driven from another case in Montana, and arrived the prior night with just enough time to unload three-week's worth of laundry and muddy gear at her apartment before falling asleep without writing a word of what she was about to say to the judge.
"Just gonna wing it," she said.
Many missing persons cases never find resolution. Families are left wondering for the rest of their lives what happened - some who've been through it say this is a worse fate than finding out that the person died.
Others, like the case Yellowbird-Chase was in Fargo for that day, do find resolution in the courts. But it was one that was uniquely terrible for her.
"It's different when it's one of your own," she said.
In August of 2016, one of Yellowbird-Chase's own relatives vanished (the BBC is honouring a request from the woman's immediate family that her name not be published). A month later, authorities found the body in a remote thicket on the Spirit Lake Reservation. The cause of death was a single gunshot wound.
Now, two years later, Suna Felix Guy - one of the three men involved in the murder - was about to be sentenced.
Guy walked into the courtroom a half an hour late, trailed by his girlfriend and their toddler son. A tall, bespectacled 40-year-old with his head shaved down to his skull, Guy looked shaky as he took a seat beside his lawyer.
Because she was a member of the victim's family, Yellowbird-Chase sat on the other side of the courtroom, behind the federal prosecutor. But she was not there to ask the judge for a lengthy period of incarceration for Guy - she had come to ask for leniency.
Two years earlier, Yellowbird-Chase heard that Guy was one of the last people seen with the victim. Due to his past criminal history, he was already under investigation by police, but then Yellowbird-Chase posted a brazen public Facebook message, calling him out. Guy responded to her almost immediately, which kicked off a 48-hour marathon of messages and phone calls, in which Yellowbird-Chase cajoled, lectured and pleaded with Guy to tell her what had happened.
Eventually, he broke.
"She didn't force, she didn't demand, she didn't promise me nothing. It's just the way she conducted herself with me. She made me feel comfortable," said Guy. "The family needed to - they deserve the truth."
Guy phoned an investigator with the Mandan Police Department and volunteered to bring authorities to the body. Guy, Guy's parents, Yellowbird-Chase, and agents from the FBI all met up at a house on the reservation, and Guy told them that on the day of the murder, he had driven with the victim to meet up with two men named Dakota Charboneau and Daylin St Pierre. While the victim slept, Charboneau and St Pierre drove her down a back road on the reservation, robbed and shot her, though Guy told investigators he had no idea ahead of time that the victim was going to be murdered. He held onto the secret, he claimed, out of fear for his own life.
"I didn't really trust the FBI agents or the local PD," he said. "That's why I felt the need of having Lissa there."
After the body was recovered, Yellowbird-Chase said she plunged into a depression and didn't go to work for a month.
"I face-planted," she said.
But something odd happened after that. Yellowbird-Chase and Guy stayed in touch. She befriended his elderly mother and father, who call Yellowbird-Chase "an angel" who helped their son do the right thing. She encouraged Guy to stay on the straight and narrow, even as his parents say he was being threatened.
"We're not important around here," said Guy's mother. "[Police] just look at you and shrug it away like you're nothing. They don't believe you."
Investigators on the case felt Yellowbird-Chase's contact with Guy while the case was still open was inappropriate. The relationship put her in intense conflict with members of her own family. Nevertheless, she agreed to speak on his behalf at sentencing.
In court, the federal prosecutor acknowledged that Guy's confession was essential to recovering the body. In exchange for his testimony, US Attorney's Office agreed to forgo the mandatory life sentence for felony murder, and asked instead for a 15-year sentence.
Guy's defense lawyer argued that his cooperation should knock the sentence down to five years. Then he asked Yellowbird-Chase to step forward and address the judge.
"A lot of our people are still laying in fields and behind bushes all over this country and nobody cares," she began. "Without Suna, it's likely she would be laying out there. We're looking for other people out there right now, and no one's talking… He showed compassion to us… We were lucky. We got her back."
Ultimately, the judge sided with the prosecution. Guy was sentenced to 15 years in prison and the judge ordered him placed into custody immediately. He seemed confused and angry, whispering loudly as a pair of US Marshals slowly moved towards him from the back of the courtroom with a pair of handcuffs.
A short while later, Yellowbird-Chase sat in the cab of her SUV smoking a cigarette and talking to Guy's lawyer on the phone.
"I think he got screwed," she said.
(At later court dates, Charboneau and St Pierre were sentenced to 50 and 27-and-a-half years, respectively.)
The blank-looking sky was threatening snow. For Yellowbird-Chase, snow would signal the end of the 2018 search season. It would cover everything - tracks, bodies, odours. The lakes and ponds would freeze over. Roads to hidden corners of the reservations would become impassable. All searches would come to a halt.
It was also a season of change for Yellowbird-Chase. She was packing up her case files, her shovels, her sonar and gear, and preparing for a permanently nomadic life with her straw-coloured Chihuahua-mix Nellie. She had to be out of the apartment where she'd raised her youngest sons by the spring, a thought that suddenly chokes her up.
"My kids are grown. I been waiting for this for a long time," she said. "Me and Nellie are ready to play the bachelorette scene, and just go from one case to the other. I really have no ties here."
But the dream of buying and living in a camper seemed to be dimming. She admitted that she's nearly out of money, and had stopped taking new cases. It was possible, she said, that she'd wind up taking a job on the oil fields to stay afloat.
At the same time, she still had seven open cases. The success with Olivia Lone Bear had made her second guess her previous work looking for Ron Johnson, a 74-year-old grandfather who disappeared on the way home from a casino in New Town. She had to go back to the Fort Peck Reservation to look for the body of Jason Azure, a 40-year-old father presumed drowned after he was swept away in a river.
She would return to Spirit Lake to look for Joe Bruce, and to the Bakken to look for KC Clarke, and wherever else the cases took her.
"Don't underestimate me," she joked. "By next year I'll be doing air searches."
That night, the grey skies over North Dakota broke open, and the first snow of the season flew.
Videos by Colleen Hagerty
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Government advisers have been considering since March whether to include loss of smell among the criteria for deciding whether someone has Covid-19. Evidence that it is one of the symptoms is already strong and some scientists argue this is now an urgent step, as the lockdown is eased.
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By Kirstie BrewerBBC Stories
At first Dan, 23, dismissed his stuffy nose as hay fever, but when he couldn't taste his beans on toast, he began to worry he had come down with Covid-19.
"I thought something must be up so just to check I poured myself a strong glass of orange squash," says Dan, who works as a respiratory physiotherapist at a West Midlands hospital.
"I just couldn't taste that at all." He tried inhaling a nasal decongestant made with eucalyptus oil and menthol, but couldn't smell that either.
Dan worried that if he did have Covid-19, going into work might have serious consequences. But when he called the NHS helpline, 111, he was told there was no problem as he didn't have a cough or a high temperature.
"They were obviously reading off a script and they said, 'You're good to go back to work,' which I felt a bit funny about," Dan says. "To have suddenly lost my sense of smell and taste when I work with some patients who have coronavirus felt like too much of a coincidence."
Ignoring this advice, he began self-isolating, as did the rest of his family, including his mum, a podiatrist whose clients include vulnerable elderly people, and his sister, an intensive care nurse at a children's hospital.
Meanwhile Dan's manager arranged a coronavirus test for him - and a few days later it came back positive.
"Based on government advice alone, I would have been back at work, going from patient to patient and potentially giving them coronavirus," says Dan.
That was in April, just after the Easter bank holiday, but the advice from 111 and on the NHS website remains the same today. The website mentions only two symptoms, a high temperature and a new continuous cough.
This is frustrating for Ear Nose and Throat consultant Prof Claire Hopkins, president of the British Rhinological Society, who has been arguing for eight weeks that people suddenly losing their sense of smell should be told to self-isolate.
She accepts that when she first gave this advice to Public Health England on 19 March - later published as a joint press release with Prof Nirmal Kumar, president of the ENT surgeons' professional body, ENT UK - the evidence for loss of smell being a symptom of Covid-19 was anecdotal, but she now argues that it is "robust".
At first there were signs that Hopkins might be succeeding in getting her point across.
Loss of taste or loss of smell?
On 30 March, the government's chief scientific adviser, Sir Patrick Vallance, said at the government's daily briefing that loss of taste and smell "does seem to be a feature of this, from what people are reporting, and it is obviously something that people should take into account as they think about their symptoms".
At the briefing on 3 April, deputy chief medical officer Prof Jonathan Van-Tam said that experts did not at that stage think loss of smell and taste needed to be part of the "case definition" - the set of criteria used to determine whether someone has the disease - but that the government's advisory group on new and emerging respiratory virus threats (Nervtag) had been asked to look into the question.
In the nearly six weeks since then, though, while the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization have both joined France in adding the loss of smell and taste to their official lists of Covid symptoms, the UK has held back.
Throughout this period, Claire Hopkins has been among those updating Nervtag on data that she and medical colleagues from a range of countries have been collecting.
First results from the King's College coronavirus tracker app, published on 1 April, found that 59% of users testing positive for Covid-19 reported loss of smell or taste. The latest research from the same team, produced in collaboration with partners in Massachusetts and Nottingham and published in Nature Medicine, found that 65% of the more than 7,000 users of the app who had tested positive for Covid-19 reported loss of smell and taste, compared with just over a fifth of those who tested negative. This, the authors say, suggests that loss of smell - anosmia - is a stronger predictor of Covid-19 than fever.
Where to get help
Hopkins herself has been working with teams of doctors in Italy, France, Belgium, and Spain measuring the ability to smell of thousands of patients with known Covid-19 infection, and has concluded that sudden loss of smell, when not accompanied by other symptoms such as a blocked nose or a head injury, is in fact the best predictor of infection.
"We've been able to show that in groups of patients that have lost their sense of smell without any other symptoms, there's a greater than 95% chance it is due to Covid-19 at the moment," she says.
By contrast, fever is not a good marker, Hopkins argues, because many things can cause a fever, and this symptom is only present in about 40% of patients with Covid-19. By focusing only on fever and a continuous cough, she argues, citing published papers, the NHS will only catch 50% to 60% of cases.
Hopkins has also been involved with the Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research, which has published results from a survey of more than 4,000 patients diagnosed with Covid-19, who reported on average an 80% drop in ability to smell and a 69% drop in ability to taste.
All these results suggest to Hopkins that key workers who have continued working during the lockdown despite losing the sense of smell have probably been contributing to the spread of the virus.
"There are a significant number of essential workers, who got in contact and told me that, because they don't meet the criteria, their employers have told them that they still have to go to work," she says. "For example somebody who's involved in food delivery, potentially delivering food to vulnerable groups, is still having to go out despite having very recently lost his sense of smell, and almost certainly having Covid-19."
As the lockdown eases, this group of people will grow, Hopkins says, unless the 111 helpline changes its criteria.
"I can still put in my symptoms into NHS 111 and claim to have muscle ache, fatigue, loss of smell, diarrhoea [all recognised as symptoms of Covid-19 by the WHO] and be told that I don't have coronavirus," says Hopkins. "I think that is now actually, clinically, negligence."
Prof Peter Horby, director of the epidemic diseases research group at the University of Oxford, who chairs Nervtag, told the BBC it was important to find the cluster of symptoms that most reliably identifies Covid-19 cases at an early stage of the illness, but also distinguishes it from other respiratory infections, so as to avoid large numbers of false-positive cases in the winter.
"Anosmia is certainly in the mix for a revision of the case definition," he said. He later added that he expected it to be included as a symptom in future iterations of the app being piloted on the Isle of Wight.
Nervtag member Dr Ben Killingley, a consultant at University College London Hospital, commented that loss of smell was a "definitely a symptom" of Covid-19 but the question was "whether the positive predictive value of the symptom is high enough to warrant its inclusion in a case definition".
He added: "Whether the symptom is included in the symptom/contact tracing app will give you a clue, though this remains in development."
Another member of the advisory group, Prof Andrew Hayward, director of the UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, commented: "All I can really say is that Nervtag have recently provided scientific advice on this and it is being considered by the Department of Health and Social Care and other bodies, so I would expect an announcement about case definitions soon."
A DHSC press officer told the BBC: "Symptoms of Covid-19, including loss of smell and taste, have remained under constant review by an expert scientific group. At all times during this global pandemic we have been guided by the evidence, taking the right steps at the right time to deliver a strategy designed to protect the NHS and save lives."
As for Dan, he regularly tested his taste buds by eating salt and vinegar crisps, and noticed a gradual improvement.
"After five days I could tell they were salt and vinegar but it wasn't normal at all," he says.
His sense of smell is taking longer to return.
"When I'm cooking and putting garlic in a pan and everyone says, 'Ooh, that garlic smells nice,' it takes me a little bit longer to get that smell," he says.
He's very glad his boss acted decisively to get him tested.
"It was credit to them, to be fair, because they spotted the signs early," he says. "And I know that other places might not have arranged testing, and I would still have been treating patients."
Update 19 May 2020: The original version of this story quoted Prof Peter Horby saying that anosmia was a symptom included in the contact tracing app being tested on the Isle of Wight. He later clarified that he expected it to be included in future iterations of the app.
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A prison officer has been remanded in custody charged with trying to bring drugs into a jail.
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Victoria Sked, 26, of Station Road, Stainforth, near Doncaster, has been charged with conveying Class B drugs into HMP Lindholme in South Yorkshire.
Ms Sked was also charged with bringing a prohibited article intending it to go to a prisoner.
Police were called to the prison after Ms Sked was stopped and a search found mobile phones and suspected drugs.
She was remanded into custody by Doncaster Magistrates' Court and will next appear at Sheffield Crown Court on 19 September.
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When Anne Kirkbride got the role as Deirdre Hunt in Coronation Street at the age of 17, it was only supposed to be for one episode. But she was to stay for 42 years and become one of the best-loved stars on British TV.
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Kirkbride, who has died at the age of 60, was at the centre of some of the soap's biggest storylines. But she was uncomfortable with fame and, in real life, struggled with illness and depression.
On screen, instantly recognisable with her trademark glasses, Deirdre was the wife and mother who gathered public goodwill as she navigated domestic drama after domestic drama.
Viewers were so engrossed in her trials and tribulations that, after she became entwined in a love triangle with Ken and Mike in 1983, an update was relayed on the scoreboard during half-time at a Manchester United match.
And when she was wrongfully imprisoned in 1998, then-Prime Minister Tony Blair jokingly promised to review the case and newspapers distributed "Free Deirdre" stickers and T-shirts.
It all began when Kirkbride, who had been an actress and assistant stage manager at Oldham Rep, landed a role in a one-off Granada TV comedy-drama in 1972.
Coronation Street producers spotted her and recruited her for the soap, which had been an ITV mainstay for 12 years and was actively looking for new, young female characters to complement the likes of Ena Sharples, Minnie Caldwell, Annie Walker, Hilda Ogden and the recently married Elsie Howard.
In her first episode, she was a customer in the Rovers Return, and she later returned as builder Ray Langton's feisty secretary.
She went on to become his wife - the first of Deirdre's four marriages. It ended when Deirdre dramatically decided at the last moment not to emigrate to Holland with Ray and their baby daughter Tracy.
Ken Barlow came next for the now single mother. Weatherfield's first couple wed in the same week as Prince Charles and Princess Diana in 1981, and were not far behind in the TV ratings.
Deirdre's drama reached a climax two years later when she had an affair with Mike Baldwin. The storyline provided the soap with one of its landmark scenes when Ken, played by William Roache, grabbed Deirdre by the throat.
In order to make her reaction realistic, Roache deliberately did not prepare Kirkbride for the viciousness of his attack.
"Bill Roache suddenly had me by the throat and up against the wall and I was literally fighting to get away from him," the actress said.
When Deirdre announced she was staying with Ken, messages flashed up on the Old Trafford scoreboard when Manchester United played Arsenal, reading "Ken and Deirdre reunited!" and "Ken 1 - Mike 0!"
But soap life never ran smoothly for the residents of 1 Coronation Street and Deirdre divorced Ken seven years later after his affair with his secretary Wendy Crozier.
She found happiness - or so she thought - after marrying Moroccan waiter Samir Rachid after meeting him on an African holiday.
But after Samir was mugged and died, Deirdre got together with conman Jon Lindsay, who framed her for fraud. Her subsequent trial and imprisonment in 1998 incensed viewers and led to the high-profile "Free the Weatherfield One" campaign.
Deirdre reunited with Ken the following year and the couple remarried in 2005.
In real life, Kirkbride married another of her Corrie co-stars. She met David Beckett after he appeared as an odd-job man who saved Deirdre's daughter Tracy from a chip pan fire in 1991.
Kirkbride said she enjoyed acting but was less comfortable with the fame it brought. "I'm not very good at being a star, I don't handle it very well. I'm really a quiet, private person," she said.
'Frightening' depression
Personal trauma visited Kirkbride when, at the age of 39, the actress found a lump on her neck on the day of her mother's funeral in 1993.
It turned out to be non-Hodgkins lymphoma, a form of cancer, which required several months away from the soap. It was treatable and she got the all-clear.
But she later spoke about the depression that afflicted her in the subsequent years.
"It was worse than the cancer in a way, because that was going to be over," she said. "I knew that was bad, but I knew at the end of it I was going to be better. But this, this was just so frightening."
On screen, Deirdre and Ken remained together - with a few ups and downs - and Kirkbride was one of the cast members who supported William Roache when he went on trial for rape in 2014.
Roache was "always a perfect gentleman", she told the court. He was cleared.
On the 40th anniversary of her arrival on the soap in 2012, the actress spoke about her fondness for her co-stars but also the "punishing" and "soul-destroying" filming schedule.
She said she might have become a cleaner if she had not got her big break in acting - and revealed how she even occasionally cleaned the Granada toilets to relieve the boredom between scenes.
Asked about her acting career by the Daily Mirror in 2001, she said: "Sometimes I think I should have made more of an effort to get out and do other stuff, but then again I've never been terribly ambitious.
"I've never had any desire to chase this part or that, or do Shakespeare. So coming into the Street was perfect for me.
"Although it's only one part, you get to play a fantastic range of emotions, from comedy to tragedy to everyday stuff."
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What one piece of technology would most improve your working life?
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By Jessica BownTechnology of Business reporter
Chances are it wouldn't be a glove. But car workers in Germany are now using smart gloves that not only save time but prevent accidents as well.
It is an example of how tech-enhanced humans are fighting back against the seemingly unstoppable rise of the robots.
At BMW's spare parts plant in Dingolfing, for example, which employs around 17,500 people, hand-held barcode readers have been replaced by gloves that scan objects when you put your thumb and forefinger together. The data is sent wirelessly to a central computer.
The hi-tech gloves allow workers to keep hold of items with both hands while scanning more quickly. While this may only save a few seconds each time, BMW reckons it adds up to 4,000 work minutes, or 66 hours, a day.
Formally launched in November, ProGlove's "plug and play" Mark glove is fitted with an integrated scanner and battery with enough charge to last an eight-hour shift. It costs €1,300 (£1,095; 1,350).
Other companies using the glove include rival car makers Audi and Skoda, and precision engineering firm Festo.
"The access point is connected to a company's existing system via USB or a normal serial connector, meaning the glove can be deployed with no integration expense," says ProGlove chief executive Thomas Kirchner.
Giving business a lift
In the US, sick leave costs employers $226bn (£182bn) a year, while in the UK over the last 12 months firms lost more than £4bn on leave related to minor ailments.
Lifting-related injuries alone cost US businesses more than $70bn last year. After flu, back pain is the main cause of absenteeism.
New York-based tech company Kinetic is trying to address this issue with a belt-mounted device that senses workers' posture when lifting and gives them feedback when the position could be improved - by bending the knees more, for example.
Managers can see all the collected data on a dedicated web page, helping them to spot areas for improvement. The Kinetic system also gives advice on how workplaces could be redesigned to reduce potentially dangerous practices.
The system has recently been piloted at Crane Worldwide Logistics' distribution facility in Texas, where it helped reduce the number of potentially damaging lifts performed by workers each day by 84%, the company says.
Heads-up
Such wearables are helping humans give robots a run for their money.
For example, aircraft manufacturer Boeing has been piloting a version of Google Glass, the search giant's augmented reality eyewear, to help technicians wire up its planes.
These highly complex webs of wires - known as harnesses - have to be connected up according to a road map that technicians refer to on a laptop or tablet.
But now they can read the instructions on the head-mounted display, thanks to a specially developed app called APX Skylight, leaving their hands free to carry on snipping the wires to length and connecting them up.
Boeing says the pilot saw assembly times reduced by 25%, and crucially, the number of errors fell, too.
And in the mining industry - one of the most dangerous in the world - technology is helping to keep miners safe and improve production.
For example, Canadian company Maestro Mine Ventilation has developed an award-winning digital gas sensor that is more accurate than traditional sensors.
By constantly monitoring the quality of the air, the build-up of dangerous gases can be spotted earlier and fresh air pumped to those areas. This can also save on electricity as the fans can be operated only when needed rather than all the time.
Wellbeing
It's not just physical injury that can lead to absenteeism - stress and illness are prime culprits in the workplace.
IT giant Oracle claims its absenteeism costs have plunged by $1m as a result of wellbeing interventions such as stress workshops.
US health insurer Humana believes its Goal Guru health and wellbeing app can increase productivity by improving employees' overall fitness.
The "digital coach" app gathers data from multiple fitness trackers and mobile health apps and sets challenges that staff can take part in individually or collectively - from push-ups to mountain treks.
Competition between teams - and even heckling - is actively encouraged.
"Goal Guru is not just about the number of steps you have done or what you have eaten," vice president of wellness Kristine Mullen tells the BBC.
"It includes tasks designed to reduce financial stress and improve emotional wellbeing as well as physical condition, all while creating a spirit of competition and fun within the employee community."
The app, which is currently only available to US companies but should soon be worldwide, costs from $1 to $1.50 per employee per month for a business with 100 employees, she says.
"Our research indicates that employers are now happy to spend twice as much as that because they understand the effect a cohesive employee community has on their bottom line," Ms Mullen says.
So whether it's smart gloves, clever belts or motivational software, technology is helping to make us healthier and more productive at work.
And with robots stalking our jobs, that's probably just as well.
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Fatal accidents and disasters are, unfortunately, nothing new. What is new is people coming across these scenes and taking out their smartphones to photograph the dead. People can lose their jobs, reputation and even liberty over it. So what makes them do it?
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By John NewtonBBC News
At the end of November, a police officer was sacked for showing his colleagues footage from the aftermath of a fatal crash between a motorbike and lorry.
Andrew Parry transferred the images from his body cam to his mobile phone and played it to peers, who reported him to bosses.
Staffordshire Police said his actions amounted to "disrespect" and he had betrayed his "responsibilities" to the deceased.
One might expect more of a police officer, but such acts are not uncommon. There were similar incidents throughout last year, although in these police criticised the public rather than one of their own.
In August, a 30-year-old woman was killed in a crash in Derbyshire. This time, photos of the scene were not only taken but posted on Facebook. Police described the images as distressing.
The same term was used for onlookers' photos of a crash which killed six in Birmingham just over a year ago. These pictures were circulated on social media too.
After inquests in May, a victim's family slammed those responsible for the images, saying they had lost their humanity and robbed the dead of dignity.
Had they lost their humanity? Was there some missing filter; a moral compass gone awry? And can the dead, once photographed, be a victim beyond the circumstances which claimed their life?
Dr Lasana Harris, an associate professor in experimental psychology at University College London, has researched the behaviour of people at emergency scenes.
He has a theory on why people reach for their phones - it's not so much what goes through their minds, it's what doesn't.
"We live in a culture where [photography on phones] is what people do; it's normative behaviour."
Dr Harris thinks the recording of the dead or the injured is accordingly "mindless" - people pull out their phones automatically, for scenes "good, bad or indifferent".
But can such actions be explained away so easily?
Omega Mwaikambo took photos of a body recovered from one of the UK's highest profile disasters - the Grenfell Tower fire.
His explanation to BBC Newsnight seems to underscore the very mindlessness Dr Harris explores.
Using an iPad, he began photographing - at a distance - a plastic-wrapped corpse in the courtyard at his nearby flat. Then he lifted the sheet to take close-ups.
The reasons, he said, eluded him. Mr Mwaikambo then posted pictures of the body on Facebook.
"God knows what I was thinking in my head. It just happened. No explanation. Why would anybody do such a thing?"
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Images of crash scenes taken by professional photographers for use in the news rarely feature bodies, though broadcasters will occasionally choose to show the dead in the context of some stories. The reports come with warnings and the displayed images are brief and rarely graphic.
Should outlets then share their reports on social media, the tweets and posts do not feature the pictures. That is in contrast to the online sharers whose grim imagery is presented starkly and at a fixed point, leaving those who stumble across it no choice in whether they see it.
Dr Harris thinks this type of sharing - in a culture of ubiquitous tech - is another act of mindlessness. "Often we're just running on autopilot and we're not thinking - and that's why it doesn't seem intrusive to those doing it."
Notions of privacy might seem straightforward, but the concept is arguably muddied once applied to photos taken after death. Can a body be said to have had its privacy invaded?
The law's view on this is simple - it is concerned with protecting the public from what it deems indecent, rather than protecting those who have died. And it means that while the photography is not prohibited per se, the sharing of distressing imagery can be.
It is the convergence of indecency and distribution the law dislikes. In the case of Mr Mwaikambo, he was sentenced to three months in prison after pleading guilty to breaching the 2003 Communications Act by posting offensive images on social media. The first count involved two photos and a video of the body bag, the second related to five photos of the person therein.
In the case of the Derbyshire crash, police made an arrest on suspicion of offences under the associated Malicious Communications Act, although there have been no charges. PC Parry - whose actions did not involve a social media component - was convicted of misconduct in a public office, for which he was given a suspended 12-month prison sentence.
But should the "unthinking" photographer have an explanation for sharing such imagery?
"If you were to press people, I think they'd say they were helping," posits Dr Harris. "We know that if something is made public, it has the power to change opinion, and so some people may think they're fulfilling that purpose."
But some may argue it is the opposite of helping, because filming in a crisis is nothing like practical assistance. In fact, Dr Harris points out, it's non-intervention: "You're less likely to help if you're fiddling with your phone."
He believes this is where the issue starts to merge with the so-called bystander effect - the name given to incidents in which a group ignores a needy person, because, psychologists say, they fear other bystanders judging intervention.
According to the theory, people assume that if no-one else is acting, there's no need to. And taking cues from each other, the larger the crowd, the greater the chance of inaction.
These elements seem to feature in an "air rage" incident on a Ryanair flight in October. One passenger began racially abusing another in a row over seats - an exchange filmed and posted on Facebook by fellow passenger David Lawrence, who said onlookers were "frozen".
The footage shows a man eventually intervening. But Mr Lawrence suggested his more passive approach had its own usefulness - his post went viral, and thus he helped "the world know" the victim's story.
"If I had stepped in I don't think you would have seen the footage that I captured," he told the BBC.
There can even be real-time benefits to such filming, believes Jackie Zammuto, a project manager at Brooklyn-based Witness.
The organisation teaches people how to shoot video on phones to document injustice. She told BBC Radio 4's The Digital Human that by filming, and being seen to film, tension can sometimes be defused and attacks deescalated, despite a lack of physical intervention.
But can it help at a crash where someone is seriously hurt or worse? It's hard to imagine how onlookers helped by filming a bruised and shocked police officer after a crash in Coventry.
Dr Harris thinks for graver scenes, saying a photo can help is an act of self-deception by those who regret their actions.
"You can come up with explanations - 'I was documenting' - to preserve the belief you're a good person," he says.
"You find ways to save your moral selves. But it's an afterthought, to later justify their behaviour. Again, in the moment, I don't think they are thinking."
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People living in the Iraqi city of Mosul, overrun by so-called Islamic State (IS) three years ago, have described a life of terror, with children killed for minor misdemeanours, public floggings and regular disappearances.
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Exclusive footage and testimony from the east of Iraq's second city, recaptured in January, reveals how the extremist group persecuted women and religious minorities and tried to control all aspects of people's lives.
However, the videos also show how schools and cafes are reopening and shops restocking with previously banned products.
Journalist Ghadi Sary captured the scenes after returning to the city three years after exposing the brutality of life under IS in secretly-filmed videos for the BBC.
While Iraqi security forces have reclaimed most of Mosul, part of the west remains under IS control.
WARNING: This article contains disturbing details about violent acts.
1. Control of women
The videos, filmed in March on mobile phones, show how some aspects of women's lives are returning to normal, with shops starting to sell clothes and cosmetics once again. However, women living in the city describe how the legacy of IS rule remains.
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Maha, 36, Al Zuhour neighbourhood: I will never forget that awful day and what happened to a little seven-year-old on our street.
The girl had come down to the small neighbourhood shop to buy some sweets when IS militants approached her.
The girl, chatting innocently to the old shop owner, was asked by the militants where her home was. She pointed it out before running and hiding.
Her parents come to see what was going on and the IS fighters lectured them about how their daughter was violating Sharia law by being alone with the seller.
Even this innocent young girl was not allowed to enjoy her childhood and go and buy sweets.
Mosul from above: 360 aerial view
Mosul: The story so far
After a long debate, the fighters decided the girl's punishment was to be bitten or pinched in her face or on her hands by the women of the Hisba [the religious police], or the more adequately described "monsters of Hisba".
The terrified mother begged them to punish her instead of her young daughter but there is no room for discussion with IS.
The child was punished in front of her screaming mother. The monsters aggressively and repeatedly beat her and pinched her.
The child was screaming until she passed out and her heart stopped.
The wailing mother completely lost her mind when she saw her child die in front of her.
The whole neighbourhood went mad in fear for our children after that day.
Reem, 27, Al-hadbaa neighbourhood: My father was quite protective of us growing up, and during the two-and-a-half years of IS rule, he worried about where we were, so we were homebound for most of the time.
It felt like living in prison all this time, and our outings we extremely rare.
Once, I was walking down the street when I started stumbling because of the way our faces were constantly covered by black fabric.
IS fighters saw me and started following me. This only made me run faster and stumble even more - like a prisoner escaping some death sentence.
I managed to make it home that day, but that feeling never left me.
I constantly have nightmares about being followed by those men, and I wake up completely terrified and exhausted.
Even after liberation I still have those nightmares.
Our lives under IS were empty and boring as we were locked in our homes. They shut down our universities and wrote on the front door: "A woman's kingdom is her home".
Unnamed female resident: Schools, universities and education in general were the biggest losers of the dark rule of IS. Most of those institutions were shut down, and education under IS was focused on teaching jihad and combat techniques. Women and men were separated and women were told to completely cover up.
Women suffered the most under IS as many had chosen to stay at home throughout all the years they had been controlling our city. The city itself was one large prison.
2. Destruction of everyday life
Life for the city's residents was changed beyond recognition under IS. Footage reveals how the city's closed university was badly damaged. However, residents are trying to restart classes.
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Hussein, 30, Al-Andalus neighbourhood: A year-and-a-half into the control of IS, they decided to ban satellite dishes.
My father worried we would be severely punished if we were caught in possession of one at our home, so we had to remove it.
But after several weeks of staying at home under almost total lockdown - we were left jobless and without any university or other activity since IS had taken over - we eventually grew bored and decided to set it up again.
We did it in a way that was not obvious to those looking in from the street, by locating it on the roof behind some water tanks.
A few days later, we heard loud knocking and yelling on our street and we knew the Hisba [religious police] had come, so I ran upstairs to dismantle the dish.
As soon as I peeked my head out, I heard a voice shout, "Come down we saw you", and I realised they had agents peering in from higher rooftops.
At that point some men knocked on our door and started dragging my father outside.
I ran quickly and pushed them off. As a result, I was taken away along with many men from my neighbourhood.
I was then locked up for nine sleepless nights. We rotated between standing and sitting in our overcrowded cell.
I was then put in front of a judge who was younger than I was and clearly couldn't read or write. He sentenced me to be flogged 60 times.
They asked me which part of my body I would choose, but I didn't understand the difference, so I said the upper part.
They tied me down and started flogging the upper part of my body.
Every time I screamed in pain they would start again from zero. It felt like an eternity until my ordeal ended. I felt my life was ending I was in so much pain.
Tamarra, 25, English literature graduate: My father works for Iraqi intelligence and the last two years have been spent in full-on psychological war with IS.
When we didn't leave Mosul, we started hiding within the city and my father was arrested on nine separate occasions.
The first time they took him away for three days, which felt like three years.
He was told by a judge that he was going to be put before a "blood judge" [an IS executioner], but they subjected him to immense torture and then released him.
We were so happy when he was released. All was over, my dad was standing amongst us again.
But they [IS militants] were back within days, and the disappointment returned as we lived another three nights of horror.
At that time, we were all showing signs of depression.
Our house was looted by IS and then it was bombed by international coalition air strikes. We had to move to the top floor of my uncle's neighbouring house.
A few days later the door bell rang again, and when my young cousin Ahmed went to open the door, IS fighters grabbed him and asked him about my father's whereabouts.
Ahmed told them he wasn't there, but they beat him up and climbed up the stairs to where we were.
They threw my dad on the ground. The female religious police were cursing at us, even at my poor old grandmother in her wheelchair.
One of the women in the religious police was being really violent to my grandmother. She strip-searched her and left her without clothes.
They then took my father away.
It has been months since I laid eyes on him. I have cried till my tears ran dry.
The day that my father was longing for has happened. We were liberated, but he wasn't there to witness it.
Ahmad, 28, Al-Arabi neighbourhood: I stopped going out. I was sick of seeing people punished all the time by IS.
They made a point of rallying everyone whenever someone was punished, beaten or even beheaded.
People were accused of all sorts of crimes - adultery, conspiring with security forces and other excuses they used to subdue people.
I was already out of work by that point so I decided to stay at home.
But only two days later the power went off and the neighbourhood back-up generator failed to kick in.
I figured the guy in charge had forgotten to switch it on, so I decided to go and check it out.
As I was leaving, my eight-year-old nephew decided to come along. He was also stuck at home because his school was closed. We didn't want him learning in the IS-controlled schools.
As we approached the generator, I noticed many people had gathered around it, but I quickly spotted the IS fighters there too.
They had forced the generator owner to shut it off, just so that people would come out and gather around and watch their heinous crimes.
I regretted coming out that day and I blame myself for allowing my nephew to be exposed to the awful scenes that I know he will never forget.
3. Economic control
IS imposed strict controls over economic activity during their three-year rule. One grocery shop owner describes how he had to cover up faces and flags on products while the militants were in charge. Residents say images on baby milk and nappies also had to be hidden.
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Unnamed female resident: Trade was very difficult under their rule, as IS increasingly gave traders a hard time and set impossible rules for them to follow.
IS enforcers would set the type of goods traders were allowed to sell. The first thing they did was to ban the import of beef and chicken and forced everyone to rely on local produce.
They also forbid men from trading in women's cosmetics and accessories. Those caught breaking that rule were flogged and fined.
They also ensured that any wrappers that featured a man or a woman's face were covered. It was the same with pictures showing women's hair or babies. Even baby milk and nappies had to be covered up because of that.
When news of the "battle of liberation" was announced, IS fighters were confused, and they intensified their harassment of people by raising prices and issuing tough rules.
They even banned satellite dishes and started publishing their own audiovisual publications through their own channels.
They were spreading rumours about their victories and their so called "conquest" of liberated cities. They were going door-to-door searching for mobile phones and having one was punishable by death.
4. Persecution of minorities
Churches and mosques have been destroyed by IS, as well as people's homes. Residents have spoken about how empty houses were looted - especially those belonging to Christians.
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Hamza, 32, Al-Jazaera street: After IS entered the city, they raided churches and some mosques and looted whatever they found in them.
They used the furniture from some of the churches at some of their so-called media points, where they disseminated their propaganda.
IS militants were looking all across town for empty houses to loot and where they could confiscate belongings, especially the houses of Christians who had fled the city.
They also looted the houses of Muslims who had fled calling them apostates and seized their property.
People tried to protect these houses by lodging members of their own family in them and pretending the houses were still occupied.
One of my neighbours was given the key to his Christian friend's house before he fled town.
One day, armed men showed up to confiscate the house, so my neighbour told them that this house is under his protection and safekeeping, and that if they [IS] respected the Prophet, they should respect the concept of protection.
They let him be that day, but they kept coming back. Once they took him away to be flogged but he never yielded.
He eventually convinced them he had bought the house for his son, and he kept it until the liberation, when he handed the key back to his friend who came to check on his house.
Note: names have been changed to protect people's identities
Satellite maps: Google
IS territory data for maps: IHS
Video production and editing: Olivia Lang
Web production: Lucy Rodgers, Zoe Bartholomew, Steven Connor
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In two short sentences, Flybmi's announcement that it had collapsed summed up the airline industry's woes: fuel costs, green taxes, Brexit uncertainty, falling passenger numbers. It might have added fierce competition, but that is probably a statement of the obvious.
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By Russell HottenBusiness reporter, BBC News
Several European airlines have folded or hit financial trouble during the past two years. Britain's Monarch collapsed in October 2017, while Germany's Germania filed for insolvency earlier this month.
Air Berlin and Alitalia went bust, although the latter was propped up by the Italian government.
Primera, Cobalt, Azurair Germany, Small Planet Airlines and SkyWork may not be household names, but all succumbed to the market turbulence sweeping across the sector.
UK regional airline Flybe came close to folding and put itself up for sale. And last month Norwegian Air Shuttle was forced to seek an emergency cash injection, putting a question mark over its promise to revolutionise budget long-haul travel.
Ryanair boss Michael O'Leary may be prone to a bit of hyperbole, but when he warned this month that the industry would see more bankruptcies no one doubted him.
"Winter is the worst time of year for airlines," says Ascend Consultancy analyst Peter Morris. "If you can get through the winter there's a chance of getting summer bookings."
So why are so many airlines failing?
Travel expert Simon Calder went to the heart of the problem when he told the BBC that the airline industry's problem is: "There are simply too many seats and not enough people."
But the reasons for this are many and complex.
The growth of airlines in Europe, mainly budget carriers, came on the back of deregulation and an explosion of route networks.
Using new and cost-efficient aircraft operators started new services. If one route failed, they tried another. Flexibility was key.
According to the International Air Transport Association, the number of flights in Europe has risen more than 40% compared with a decade ago. At the same time, though, fares have fallen, squeezing margins and reducing financial room for manoeuvre.
This expansion has not insulated the industry from wider shocks, such as economic slowdown, rising oil prices, and unfavourable exchange rates - the depreciation of sterling has made it more expensive for Britons to go abroad.
And there are unexpected extra costs - from traffic control strikes, maintenance bills, bad weather (remember the Beast from the East) and passenger compensation.
New EU passenger compensation rules were, said Wizz Air boss József Váradi, becoming a real burden on airlines. He cited this, along with fuel costs, as the two biggest squeezes on airline profitability.
Oil prices rose and slumped in 2018, and since the start of the year have been on their way back up. Fuel costs have been cited as a factor in almost all the problems reported by airlines in the last couple of years.
Flybmi also highlighted another extra cost that did damage - emissions taxes. Tim Jeans, a former managing director of Monarch and chairman of Newquay Cornwall Airport, agrees that it is becoming a serious issue for the whole industry.
"Carbon costs are a creeping cost for all airlines," he told the BBC. "The fees you need to pay to carry out your flying are going up all the time, and they are now quite a material cost."
He thinks many airlines have not fully budgeted for this rise. "It certainly looks like that is the case with Flybmi," he said.
There's also the issue of Brexit. Critics say it has become convenient for UK companies to blame uncertainty around Britain leaving the EU for their problems.
But for any UK airline - from Flybmi to British Airways - the potential unravelling of Europe's open skies agreement that has existed for decades is a real worry, Mr Jeans says.
It will certainly hinder the ability of some airlines to do deals and offer services if there is uncertainty about their freedom to fly across Europe, he said.
Mr Morris says problems at International Consolidated Airlines (IAG) underline how Brexit is worrying the major carriers.
To retain its operating licence in Europe, IAG, which owns British Airways and Iberia, must show it is more than 50%-owned and controlled by EU investors. So, IAG is capping non-EU investment - except for UK shareholders, who will be counted as part of the EU even after Brexit.
It's an example, says Mr Morris, of "how even the big boys might have some problems with the aviation environment".
Will there be more airline failures? "Yes, I think definitely," says Mr Morris.
Airlines that are particularly vulnerable are the smaller carriers squeezed between the major players like BA and Lufthansa, and the big low-cost carriers like Ryanair and Easyjet, Mr Morris says.
The former have economies of scale and a presence at major hub airports like Heathrow. The latter operate larger, more efficient aircraft and more regular services, so have lower per-seat costs. It means both sectors can better withstand shocks.
Mr Jeans agree. "Flybmi's demise is a perfect example of just how difficult it is to make money in that middle ground," he says.
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Eleven people are facing redundancy at Plymouth City Airport.
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The cuts are a result of airline Air Southwest ending its London-Gatwick route earlier this year, the airport said.
A range of roles are to be affected, including staff involved in fire-fighting, security, cleaning and refuelling aircraft.
A consultation period had started with affected staff, the airport said. It employs 58 people in total.
Air Southwest ended the Gatwick route, which went via Newquay, in January as new owner Humberside-based Eastern Airways was seeking to cut costs.
The airline blamed falling passenger numbers and high landing fees at Gatwick for the cut.
The city has had an operational airport at its current location since 1925.
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The Royal Anglian Regiment has been given the freedom of the Norfolk town of Diss.
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After a ceremony at Diss Town Hall, about 150 troops and band members marched from the Chapel Street junction to Market Place for an inspection.
The group then continued on their parade to St Nicholas Street for a reception in the Corn Hall.
Graham Minshull, the mayor of Diss, said: "It is a great honour to be awarding the freedom of the town."
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A man who was arrested after three beach huts were destroyed in a blaze and 31 others were broken into has been released on bail.
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The fire broke out at Mudeford Sandbank near Hengistbury Head in Dorset, in the early hours of Saturday.
The man, aged 19 and from Christchurch, was arrested on suspicion of arson and burglary.
A 15-year-old boy from Bournemouth, arrested on the same charges, was previously released on bail.
The beach site boasts some of the most expensive beach huts in the UK - one hut previously sold for £275,000.
Dorset Police is appealing for any witnesses to get in touch.
The force said anyone who owned an affected beach hut and had not yet been contacted by either BCP Council or Dorset Police should also get in touch.
Related Internet Links
Dorset Police
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A tiny proportion of streets in Rome are named after women, while nearly half are named after men - and it is a similar story in other major cities around the world. Outrageous sexism, a simple fact of history, or both?
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By Mark BosworthBBC World Service
Place your finger on a street map and it's far more likely to land on a road named after a man than one named after a woman. You may not have given it much thought, but Maria Pia Ercolini has. The geography teacher in Rome says her city's landscape is dominated by men and wants that to change.
It all began when she wrote a cultural guide to Rome, celebrating the role of women in the city's history.
"During the research I realised that you never see traces of women. History just cancelled the women - they're not here," she says.
Ercolini and a team of 26 women painstakingly went through every one of Rome's 16,550 streets to determine the gender balance.
They found that 7,575 (45.7%) of the city's streets were named after men and just 580 (3.5%) were named after women.
"That's proof of the discrimination," she says.
"Men made the history - the known history. In Italy it is very strong because we have so many [male] saints and religious people like the Pope. Religion is so full of men."
Of Rome's eight main streets, two are named after men - the Via Cavour, referring to Camillo Cavour, a leader of Italy's 19th Century unification struggle, and Via Giulia, named after "Fearsome" Pope Julius II.
The other six are named after inanimate things, from the Via del Corso, which alludes to a medieval horse race, to the Via Sacra, so-called because it passes key religious sites in the ancient Roman Forum.
Local authorities, which have the final say over street names, are now being urged to redress the balance.
Ercolini has set up the
Toponomastica femminile Facebook group
, as a rallying point for her campaign, and 2,600 people have signed up as members.
"We don't want to re-name streets. That would be very unpopular," she explains.
"We want new streets in Rome to be named after women. There are lots of new developments around the city."
Ercolini and her team have studied other Italian cities, from Florence to Milan, and found a similar pattern.
Inspired by the Italian project, a group of women in Spain surveyed Madrid's streets. It fared a bit better than Rome, with nearly 7% of streets named after women, and 27% after men.
Work has begun on Paris, and while the data has not been fully analysed, Ercolini estimates that a street there is around five times more likely to be named after a man than a woman.
To the best of her knowledge no country has a gender-based street naming policy. But some regional authorities are beginning to address the issue - including Afghanistan's only province with a female governor, Bamiyan, where a whole new town is being built.
London taxi driver Tina Kiddell estimates that something like twice as many streets in London are named after men than women.
She describes herself as "a woman in a man's world" and has an in-depth knowledge of the city, after driving people around it for 24 years.
When not behind the wheel, she spends much of her spare time poring over a copy of The London Encyclopaedia, a comprehensive reference book of more than 1,000 pages.
"Every single road has got a story. For example, Gower Street was named in 1790 after a lady called Lady Gertrude Leveson-Gower, who married the fourth Duke of Bedford," she says.
"And you have Bedford Square at the end of Gower Street - so there's your little story about a family marrying together and having the two names in one area where they had houses and owned land."
Kiddell is proud of her city's history and the stories behind it and is not bothered by London's somewhat male-dominated street map.
"When the streets were named, women were subservient to men. Whether that was right or wrong at that time, it was the way it was," she says.
"Women have only been recognised as something worth noting in the latter years. You can't change history."
But Julia Long from the London Feminist Network says the women in Rome are absolutely right to question the status quo.
"I would love to see a similar project taken up in London. It would play a big part in ensuring that women feel recognised and valued in our city," she says.
Long is concerned about the impact this has on the self-esteem of women and girls. She also thinks it gives men an inflated sense of entitlement and self-worth.
"Street names are a very important form of recognition. They are a way of immortalising a person, and of holding in high esteem their achievements.
"The message conveyed by the naming of such a disproportionate number of streets after men is that men are of more value and importance than women," she argues.
Ercolini's project is starting to gain political backing. The wife of the Mayor of Rome, Isabella Rauti, has said the shortage of streets named after women reflects "centuries of discrimination".
On International Women's Day last month, Toponomastica femminile launched a campaign to get three pedestrian walkways in public parks named after women.
The president of Rome's 15th district has agreed to dedicate two parks to Elena Cornaro Piscopia, the first woman to earn a doctorate, and Laura Bassi, the first woman to officially teach at a European university.
Ercolini says the president of the second district is also interested.
"It's having a big effect," she says.
"I've fought all my life to get recognition for women so this is a big symbol for us. I'm happy, it's satisfying."
Maria Pia Ercolini spoke to Newshour on the BBC World Service.
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For two weeks, Aberdeen City Council finance convenor Willie Young's declaration stood: "Abandoning the (Marischal Square) project would mean the council tax payer requiring to repay the developers over £100m in cancellation fees".
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By Steven DuffBBC Scotland reporter
It came as protests grew over the scale of the project, amid fears it would block the view of the historic Marischal College and Provost Skene House.
However, on Monday, BBC Scotland revealed there were no cancellation fees for the £107m project between Aberdeen City Council and Muse Developments.
That begged the question why, on 11 January, did Mr Young say there was?
Mr Young was unrepentant. He told BBC Radio Scotland: "I absolutely stand by that because at the time that was said it was my understanding that we, the council, were still the owners of the property."
'It's unfortunate'
It was pointed out that ownership had transferred to Muse Developments at the end of last year, and before he made his statement about cancellation fees.
He added: "It's unfortunate when I said that I wasn't in possession of all of the facts. As far as I'm concerned having spoken to our officers that was exactly the position that I was advised."
So did Aberdeen City Council officers - the accountants and finance experts employed by the authority - wrongly advise Councillor Young?
Privately, BBC Scotland understands officials are not at all happy with his claim that he was acting on their advice.
But officially, and despite repeated attempts for a comment on that specific issue, this was the only response from Aberdeen City Council.
"The city would potentially lose out to the tune of more than £100m if the scheme were not to proceed.
"The city will receive £10m for the site - £1m now and a further £9m on completion in two years, an equal share of the development profit, the difference between the lease cost to Aviva and the income generated by the development for 35 years and the value of the development in 35 years' time.
"Sums are also available for works to upgrade Provost Skene's House, Broad Street and to create the gardens and other public areas within the scheme."
'Pass the buck'
The SNP group leader on Aberdeen City Council, Callum McCaig, said: "I don't know why he can stand by an assertion that has been proven to be completely and utterly wrong.
"The response from Councillor Young is as always to pass the buck. This time he is passing it on to council officers who are completely blameless.
"I have no doubts that Councillor Young was explained in some detail the consequences of cancelling Marischal Square, it's just when he opened his mouth to regurgitate it, he got it completely and utterly wrong."
Ian Yuill, leader of the Lib Dem group on the authority, said: "It's Councillor Young's job to check the facts and he should just man-up and admit that."
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Click below to see the results from your parish or district.
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Main Page, Grouville, St Brelade, St Clement, St John, St Lawrence, St Martin, St Mary, St Ouen, St Peter, St Saviour and Trinity.
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The failure of Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) at the east provincial council election was due to choosing class struggle
rather than going against imperialism, says a former senior leader of the party.
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The general secretary of the newly formed political party National Freedom Front, the Former politburo member of JVP, Nanadna
Gunathilake told BBC Sandeshaya that doors of his new party are open for 'all patriots'.
"It is a critical issue to contemplate on why people are keeping away from the JVP", he said.
He says the Jathika Nidahas Peramuna (National Freedom Front), the new political party of the JVP breakaway group, will not
work with affiliation to any party but work closely towards common goals.
The breakaway group consists of former JVP propaganda secretary, MP Wimal Weerawansa and ten other JVP MPs.
Gunathilleke said that he was instrumental in the internal struggle of the JVP which developed even before the presidential
election held in 2005.
The inaugural convention of the NFF is to be held on wednesday.
MP Gunathilaka handed over the documents to the Election Commissioner to form a new political party on Monday.
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The Irish low cost airline, Ryanair, has agreed an order valued at $10.4bn (£6.4bn) to buy 100 planes from American aerospace company Boeing, with an option to buy a further 100 later.
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The order is for Boeing's more fuel efficient 737 MAX 200 aircraft.
Ryanair has not disclosed what it will be paying, but airlines are rarely charged the full price on large orders.
If Ryanair completes the order for all 200 aircraft the order would be worth $21bn at officially listed prices.
'Improved efficiencies'
"It's going to change the game for low-fare air travel," Ryanair chief executive Michael O'Leary said at a news conference.
Ryanair plans to use the jets to expand its business in Europe.
"I hope it will hasten a new era of price wars in Europe over the next 10 years," he said.
Boeing markets its 737 MAX 200 as offering lower operating costs.
The planes will contain 8 more seats than Ryanair's existing fleet does, with the total capacity of the plane totalling 197.
In a statement Boeing's chief executive, Ray Conner said: "The 737 MAX 200 is the perfect fit for Ryanair, providing improved efficiencies, 20% lower emissions, increased revenues and a high level of passenger comfort."
Since Boeing launched its 737 MAX programme in 2011 it has won 2,219 orders.
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Last year they gave it a miss. This year they gave it some welly.
The Welsh Conservative conference was less short and sweet than brief and brutal.
This was a one day conference packed with ministerial speeches that left the faithful in little doubt as to what they must now do: get out there and beat Labour at the General Election.
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Betsan PowysFormer political editor, Wales
"That vote" urged Francis Maude "is just a year and week away!" He must have seen the look of panic on his audience's faces (including mine) before adjusting it to two years and a week. But next year or the year after, his message was the same : it's tough, it's bracing on the doorsteps but boy, you've got to persuade people that letting Labour sort this out would be a disaster.
So what's the plan?
It's almost as though the penny's dropped in Number Ten. Imagine the moment:
"There IS an alternative - it's Ed 'n Ed."
"Can you IMAGINE it?"
"Well can voters imagine it, that's the point!"
"What WOULD health and education and business development look like in Labour hands? Hang on a minute ..."
Suddenly, markedly, the Welsh Government is in the firing line, or "Labour in Cardiff Bay" as the Prime Minister labelled them. We've heard the attacks during PMQs before now. Take Wednesday's PMQs as the most recent example. But on Saturday, the boot went in again, and again, and again.
Before breakfast, Carwyn Jones' government had been called Stalinists. By elevenses, David Cameron had added to the list:
"The thing is: their whole government reads like a soap opera. They've got an Education Minister who admits they've taken 'their eye off the ball'. A Business Minister who admits she's a fan of Karl Marx. Wales needed the A-Team, instead they got The Muppet Show. But while they're messing it up, we're sorting it out. Backing the hardworking people of Wales."
By tea time they were Muppets who "sit on their lazy arses" - or so the Welsh party leader Andrew RT Davies colourfully put it. And when I describe him as Welsh party leader rather than leader of the Conservative group in the National Assembly, I do so with Mr Cameron's blessing, I think. Tory kremlinologists - read into that what you will.
Ministers had been briefed with a list of what Central Office would headline 'Labour failures' in Wales. Statistics on health specifically - ambulance urgent call-out targets, urgent cancer treatment targets, A+E targets - all missed and all regarded as fertile ground for attack by the Conservatives.
Interestingly, the Liberal Democrats at their conference seemed to have decided against letting Nick Clegg loose on Labour's record in Wales. He took on Cameron and Miliband. Carwyn Jones was left to Kirsty Williams.
So how will Labour respond?
If you're the Welsh Government you blame the UK Government for slashing your budget in the first place. If you're the Shadow Welsh Secretary, you point out forcefully that Labour used to put over the odds into health in Wales, until George Osborne's cuts forced them to make tough choices.
But when the PM has used Wales as a weapon against Labour in PMQs, Ed Miliband has not directly defended it. He's preferred to turn the spotlight back onto the UK Government's record. If the attacks continue next week, next month and the month after that - will Mr Miliband find he starts to come under pressure to start sticking up for Carwyn Jones and his cabinet rather than turning the other cheek?
What else did we learn? That the Welsh leadership still feels it has to tell the party that devolution is here to stay. It must, as a colleague suggested, now almost be part of the housekeeping list at Welsh conference. Fire exits are here, here and here, and oh, please don't re-ignite the battles of 1997.
Those who voted for Andrew RT Davies in the hope he'd turn back the Tory clock will have listened with a sinking feeling.
"Devolution cannot be simply put back into the bottle. I believe we have reached our "Clause IV" moment. We cannot and should not go back to 1997 ... If we want to win in 2016, we need to roll up our sleeves, taking tough decisions and fighting the battles the people of Wales want us to fight, not the fights of 1997".
Got it? He must surely be hoping they have now.
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There are more bicycles than residents in The Netherlands and in cities like Amsterdam and The Hague up to 70% of all journeys are made by bike. The BBC's Hague correspondent, Anna Holligan, who rides an omafiets - or "granny style" - bike complete with wicker basket and pedal-back brakes, examines what made everyone get back in the saddle.
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The 70s velo-rution
Before World War II, journeys in the Netherlands were predominantly made by bike, but in the 1950s and 1960s, as car ownership rocketed, this changed. As in many countries in Europe, roads became increasingly congested and cyclists were squeezed to the kerb.
The jump in car numbers caused a huge rise in the number of deaths on the roads. In 1971 more than 3,000 people were killed by motor vehicles, 450 of them children.
In response a social movement demanding safer cycling conditions for children was formed. Called Stop de Kindermoord (Stop the Child Murder), it took its name from the headline of an article written by journalist Vic Langenhoff whose own child had been killed in a road accident.
The Dutch faith in the reliability and sustainability of the motor vehicle was also shaken by the Middle East oil crisis of 1973, when oil-producing countries stopped exports to the US and Western Europe.
These twin pressures helped to persuade the Dutch government to invest in improved cycling infrastructure and Dutch urban planners started to diverge from the car-centric road-building policies being pursued throughout the urbanising West.
Path to glory
To make cycling safer and more inviting the Dutch have built a vast network of cycle paths.
These are clearly marked, have smooth surfaces, separate signs and lights for those on two wheels, and wide enough to allow side-by-side cycling and overtaking.
In many cities the paths are completely segregated from motorised traffic. Sometimes, where space is scant and both must share, you can see signs showing an image of a cyclist with a car behind accompanied by the words 'Bike Street: Cars are guests'.
At roundabouts, too, it is those using pedal power who have priority.
You can cycle around a roundabout while cars (almost always) wait patiently for you to pass. The idea that "the bike is right" is such an alien concept for tourists on bikes that many often find it difficult to navigate roads and junctions at first.
Early adopters
Even before they can walk, Dutch children are immersed in a world of cycling. As babies and toddlers they travel in special seats on "bakfiets", or cargo bikes. These seats are often equipped with canopies to protect the children from the elements, and some parents have been known to spend a small fortune doing up their machines.
As the children grow up they take to their own bikes, something made easier and safer by the discrete cycle lanes being wide enough for children to ride alongside an accompanying adult. And, as young people aren't allowed to drive unsupervised until they are 18, cycling offers Dutch teenagers an alternative form of freedom.
The state also plays a part in teaching too, with cycling proficiency lessons a compulsory part of the Dutch school curriculum. All schools have places to park bikes and at some schools 90% of pupils cycle to class.
Behind the bike sheds
In the university city of Groningen, a cyclists' dream even by Dutch standards, the central train station has underground parking for 10,000 bikes. Cyclists are accommodated in the way motorists are elsewhere, with electronic counters at the entrance registering how many spaces are available.
Bike parking facilities are ubiquitous in The Netherlands - outside schools, office buildings and shops. In return you are expected to only lock up your bike in designated spots - if you chain your bike in the wrong place you could find that it is removed and impounded, and that you will have to hand over 25 euros to get it back.
At home, even people who live in flats without special bike storage facilities can expect to be allowed to leave their bikes in a communal hallway.
In the 16th Century, houses in Amsterdam were taxed according to their width, a measure residents countered by building tall, narrow houses. So hallways get filled with bikes - but so many people cycle, no-one really minds, and just clambers past.
It's not about your ride
Cycling is so common that I have been rebuked for asking people whether they are cyclists or not. "We aren't cyclists, we're just Dutch," comes the response.
The bike is an integral part of everyday life rather than a specialist's accessory or a symbol of a minority lifestyle, so Dutch people don't concern themselves with having the very latest model of bike or hi-tech gadgets.
They regard their bikes as trusty companions in life's adventures. In that kind of relationship it is longevity that counts - so the older, the better. It's not uncommon to hear a bike coming up behind you with the mudguard rattling against the wheel. If anything, having a tatty, battered old bike affords more status as it attests to a long and lasting love.
No lycra, no sweat
The famously flat Dutch terrain, combined with densely-populated areas, mean that most journeys are of short duration and not too difficult to complete.
Few Dutch people don lycra to get out on their bike, preferring to ride to work, the shops or the pub in whatever clothes they think appropriate for their final destination.
Of course, the cycle paths lend themselves to sauntering along in summer dresses in a way a death-defying, white-knuckle ride in rush-hour traffic does not. It is also partly because of this that people don't need showers at work to be able to commute by bike - it's a no-sweat experience.
Dutch people also tend to go helmet-free because they are protected by the cycle-centric rules of the roads and the way infrastructure is designed. If you see someone wearing a cycling helmet in The Netherlands, the chances are they're a tourist or a professional.
I bought a helmet for my ride to the UK reporting for BBC Newsnight on the differences between cycling in The Netherlands and the UK. My local bike shop had just one on display, which the shop assistant said had been there "a few months or maybe a year".
Right not might
The fact that everyone cycles, or knows someone who does, means that drivers are more sympathetic to cyclists when they have to share space on the roads.
In turn, the cyclists are expected to respect and obey the rules of the road. You may be fined for riding recklessly, in the wrong place or jumping red lights. Police (often on bikes) will issue a 60-euro ticket if you are caught without lights at night, and you will have to shell out even more if any of the mandatory bike reflectors - of which there are many under Dutch law - are missing.
Accidents do still happen of course, but in the event of a collision involving a cyclist, insurers refer to Article 185 of the Dutch Road Safety Code which deals with something called "strict liability". It is often mistakenly interpreted as a law that establishes guilt. What it essentially means is the driver will usually be expected to cover at least 50% of the financial costs to the cyclist and their bike.
When out on the road, Dutch cyclists feel powerful and protected, making the whole experience much more enjoyable. There are dangers on the roads, but very rarely do they involve heavy goods vehicles, poorly designed junctions or dangerous drivers.
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Thousands of people braved the cold North Sea for Boxing Day dips across the North East despite high winds.
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One of the biggest was at Seaburn beach in Sunderland where about 1,000 hardy souls took to the water.
Organisers Sunderland Lions Club urged dippers to don fancy dress and blow the Christmas cobwebs away by raising money for charity.
There were similar scenes in Redcar in Teesside and Longsands in Tynemouth despite warnings of high winds.
RNLI lifeboat crews made sure dippers were safe at the 50th Boxing Day Dip at Redcar Esplanade organised by the Redcar Rotary Club.
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South Africa is a country notorious for high levels of crime.
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By Reality Check teamBBC News
All the main parties agree it is a problem.
The governing ANC - in power since 1994 - is frank about the situation.
Its manifesto - published ahead of the general election on 8 May - says that drugs, violence and gang activity "are wreaking havoc in many communities".
"Gender-based violence has reached crisis proportions," it also states.
In its manifesto for the last election in 2014, the ANC had promised: "We will work to further reduce levels of crime, specifically contact crime like murder, rape and grievous bodily harm."
So has any progress been made since then?
Is crime getting worse?
Since 2014, official data shows a general decrease in all crime - with a slight uptick in the most recent year.
This is from the Victims of Crime Survey, based on extensive interviews carried out annually by the government's statistics authority.
This is the case with both household crime, which includes burglary and vehicle theft, and individual crime - violent and non-violent crime experienced by a person such as robbery and sexual assault.
But what about most the serious crimes like murder?
South Africa had the fifth highest murder rate in the world in 2015, according to data compiled by the UN.
Since the last election, the number of murders has continued to rise each year.
Murder rates are regarded as a reliable, well-documented crime statistic.
There were just over 20,300 murders last year, over 3,000 more than in 2014.
An upward trend began in 2012 and last year had the highest number in 15 years.
Also, there has been a drop in the number of murder cases solved or concluded because there was no case to answer.
Analysts say there has been a fall in the effectiveness of the police - despite an increase in funding.
"The capacity of the police has declined dramatically," says Gareth Newham, crime expert at the Institute for Security Studies (ISS Africa).
Corruption has weakened the country's crime-fighting capacity, a government-initiated commission of inquiry heard in April this year.
The ANC says it is cracking down on what is called "state capture," attempts by private interests to influence public institutions in their favour.
Where is murder worst?
Incidences of murder vary across South Africa's nine provinces, and the factors driving killings can be heavily localised.
Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal, the most populous regions, both have the highest number of murders.
These regions have cities with areas that are prone to crime because of high levels of poverty and inadequate policing.
The South African Cities Network, an organisation that promotes urban development, published a report this year showing that murder is more prevalent in the country's cities, with Cape Town being the worst.
Their report notes gang violence and the supply of illegal arms as being factors in the rising murder rate.
What about sex crimes?
In early 2019, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa called rape and sexual assault in the country a "national crisis".
The official numbers we have show that reported rapes were at just over 40,000 in 2018.
That is down from when the ANC won in 2014 election, but the number of cases has gone up from 2017.
But rape statistics are often considered unreliable.
It is difficult to know the true extent because for a variety of reasons, many rapes go unreported.
Grievous bodily harm has steadily decreased since the last election, following a long-term trend in previous years.
But these figures could likewise underestimate the true extent, as victims of assault will not always report it to the police.
Read more from Reality Check
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One Direction have announced that they will release two books in 2014.
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The group have signed a deal with HarperCollins to publish an official autobiography and One Direction: The Official Annual 2015 this year.
Since releasing their first book in 2011, One Direction have sold three million copies worldwide across all formats.
Their most recent book, Where We Are: Our Band, Our Story, spent five weeks at the top of the UK top selling list.
One Direction's first full joint autobiography, which will be released in September, will chart the former X Factor group's rise to stardom.
According to HarperCollins: "Fans will discover how the boys have really felt over the last few years and their hopes and ambitions for the future.
"The One Direction official autobiography will offer an incredible insight and intimacy to the band as never before and will bring fans even closer to Harry, Niall, Liam, Louis and Zayn."
Publishing director Natalie Jerome said: "The boys are an absolute pleasure to work with and always strive to deliver more to their fans.
"It's a hugely exciting departure from the books we've published with them so far and there's a lot we're going to be doing that will make this an extra special experience for their loyal and devoted fans."
One Direction: The Official Annual 2015, set to be released in August, will contain photos, interviews and behind-the-scenes stories.
In December, One Direction's third album, Midnight Memories, entered the US Billboard 200 at number one making them the only group to have their first three albums top the chart in their opening week.
The album also went to number one in the UK and is the fastest-selling album for two years.
This year the band embark on their Where We Are world tour, which includes dates in London, Manchester and Edinburgh.
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter
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The Treasury has received approaches from a series of sovereign wealth funds and private-equity businesses to buy around 10% of Lloyds, either just before or simultaneous with a more conventional placing of shares with investment institutions, I have learned.
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Robert PestonEconomics editor
Sources close to the Chancellor tell me George Osborne hasn't ruled out such a deal, which could be worth around £5bn, but would only do it if persuaded that the transaction represents conspicuous value for money for the taxpayer.
"There is a Gordon Brown`s gold issue here," said a source, referring to the criticism that dogged the former chancellor Gordon Brown that he sold too much of Britain's gold reserves too cheaply.
The Treasury is therefore looking for any buyer of the stake to pay a premium to the market price, which at the time of writing is 66p.
"Based on today's price, if someone offered 70p, we'd have to be interested" said a source.
'Rip off'
However another source said some of the bidders wanted a discount to the market price.
Also a large number of them did not want to buy the shares as shares, but wanted them repackaged into convertible bonds, similar to the method Barclays used to raise money from the Middle East after the crash of 2008.
"It would be a mistake to sell the shares in the form of bonds or in any way than in their plain vanilla form" said another source. "Anything that looks like complicated financial engineering would raise suspicions that the Treasury is being ripped off, and those suspicions would probably be right."
Another adviser to Mr Osborne said: "If we do a deal with one of these sovereign wealth or private equity firms, we need complete transparency on what we are selling and the price. Most of those buyers don't like that transparency. They are looking for a bargain, and want to hide the true commercial nature of the transaction through a complex structure."
Quick
If in the end a deal can be reached with a powerful state investor, such as the sovereign wealth funds of Norway or Singapore, or with a consortium of private equity investors, such as those put together in other contexts by Corsair, it could happen relatively quickly.
Sources have told me that such a transaction could take place not long after the summer - but would not give odds on it actually happening.
In his Mansion House speech to the City last month, the Chancellor gave the green light to the first stage of the privatisation of the Treasury's 39% stake in Lloyds, signalling that it would be initiated by a large placing of shares with mainstream investment institutions rather than retail investors, probably before the end of the year - so long as Lloyds' share price continues to rise.
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Kent's Police and Crime Commissioner is being investigated over whether she was legally insured to drive when she was involved in a car crash.
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The accident, on 16 September involving Ann Barnes's Mercedes, was referred to the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) by her own office.
Her vehicle collided with another car and hit a tree in Princes Road, Dartford. Nobody was seriously hurt.
The investigation will be overseen by IPCC Commissioner Cindy Butts.
The accident was referred to the police watchdog on 26 September.
"Following an assessment it has been decided that an independent IPCC investigation is necessary to determine whether Ann Barnes may have committed a criminal offence," the commission said in a statement.
A spokeswoman for Mrs Barnes said neither she nor her office would be making any comment.
She said: "It's an IPCC investigation."
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Blackpool born singer-songwriter Rae Morris's association with BBC Introducing goes back to 2011, when, at the age of just 20, she played at the Reading Festival after attracting the attention of a local BBC Radio presenter.
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By Kev GeogheganMusic News LIVE reporter
She has since released a debut album, Unguarded, which entered the UK Top 10, and is due to release her second album Someone Out There early next year.
Rae is one of 10 artists handpicked to mark BBC Introducing's decade of showcasing the best unsigned, self-signed and emerging musical talent in the UK.
We spoke to her ahead of her solo headline show at the Islington Academy in north London.
You're playing Brixton Academy, it's an iconic London venue. Have you played there before?
I have, just once, supporting Bombay Bicycle Club a few years ago and it was absolutely amazing. It's such a crazy venue, just a big building that feels a bit overwhelming but I'm looking forward to it.
Where do you feel most comfortable? Big or small venues?
It's got that similar kind of scale and the balcony is amazing because you can see people but I really love the big ones, there's a mystery that you can kind of take on board and be more of an elusive character whereas if it's intimate you've got to really engage with people, the big ones are fun.
Can you remember the first time you came on to the radar of BBC Introducing?
I'm from Blackpool and I guess Radio Lancashire was my local radio and I remember a guy called Sean McGinty from BBC Introducing put me on the radio pretty much straight away. I'd put tracks on MySpace and then I remember going into the building to do my first live show with him and just being so nervous but absolutely loving it. Then he put me forward to do this BBC Introducing master class at Abbey Road and I came down to that with my mum and dad.
I remember making some demo CDs and managing to give one to (former Radio 1 DJ) Zane Lowe and realising that there was nothing on it when I got home. That was kind of unfortunate but it worked out in the end. [He probably thought] 'This is really avant garde, just nothing.'
I don't know whether he listened to it but I was so sad when I got back home and realised.
Is one of BBC Introducing's strengths that it isn't centralised in London and local stations across the country have their own branches?
Absolutely, that's what's amazing about it, particularly coming from somewhere as small as Blackpool. It was really tricky to get your music out there in a big way and now the internet is better but it's just a brilliant way to bring everyone together and compile new amazing music together.
How much space did it give you to hone your craft?
There's a massive pressure to be perfect straight away, to be the finished article and Introducing allows you to think, 'I have this potential but you're going to watch me grow and be there with me for the journey.' I definitely have lots of lovely fans that come to gigs who have been there since the very beginning and remember hearing me on Radio Lancashire back in the day.
Can you remember what you performed on that first session?
Yes, I'm going to play one of those songs tonight, they're still part of my set. One of my first songs was called Wait A While and a song called For You, that was on my first record and they were the ones that I wrote in Blackpool in my shed and they're still around which is nice.
Any of the other bands playing tonight that you've played with before?
George Ezra I've played with quite a lot, he supported me on one of my first tours and we played the smallest venue in Bath and there's a picture of us on that day and even the fact he was supporting me is amazing because that's the kind of journey you go through on BBC Introducing and as artists you grow and experience things together as a community.
Everything Everything did a remix for me, which is amazing and I love Slaves, I'm so excited about seeing them, I don't know them but I think they're wicked.
Is it about paying it forward and supporting new artists coming up?
It's so important and it's something that you could forget about if you're super busy and I understand when people get massive, the pressure they come under. But just last night in Leeds, we had a girl called Lucy Whittaker who was BBC Introducing track of the week on Radio 1 and that was just great that she was with us.
I played a festival a couple of years ago with Tori Amos and she wrote me this little note before the gig. She didn't need to do it but it was really special and it made me realise you should always do that because it means a lot to younger people.
What was in the note?
It was a festival in Norway and she was headlining and she wrote a little card just saying, 'Hi Rae, good luck, have an amazing gig, love Tori' and she got me a beautiful scarf that I will dig out for winter that I wear every year.
It was really lovely and she didn't need to do it, it was really thoughtful. I don't have it framed but I keep it by my bed.
Rae's album is due out in Spring 2018.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected].
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Las Vegas is about to host its annual showcase of the latest digital innovations.
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By Leo KelionTechnology reporter
More than 20,000 new products are expected to be shown off to 152,000 tech trade attendees at 2014's Consumer Electronics Show (CES).
Exhibitors will spend millions on outlandish press conferences; there will be giant-sized TVs you'll never be able to afford in resolutions your eyes would struggle to appreciate; a swarm of celebrities ranging from rapper 50 Cent to rockers Fleetwood Mac; and a seemingly endless smorgasbord of sensor-laden, cloud-powered, app-enhanced inventions.
Even if the flops-of-tomorrow are likely to outnumber the success stories, there's always the prospect of a first glimpse of the next big thing.
"CES is a hands-on experience," says Gary Shapiro, president of the Consumer Electronics Association, which organises the event.
"Anyone with an idea can introduce a product and see how people react to it immediately. Whether people want to invest, whether they want to buy it, whether they want to write about it."
New TVs
Televisions are always one of CES's biggest categories, right back to its first show in 1967.
The two biggest manufacturers - Samsung and LG - will square off once again at this year's event with similar sounding products.
Both have already announced 105in (267cm) sized 4K Ultra HD screens in the extra-wide 21:9 aspect ratio.
The two firms may also show off prototypes that allow users to adjust how curved their OLED (organic light-emitting diode) flexible screens are via a remote control, according to a report in the South Korea Times.
Viewers could, for example, adjust the displays to be more more bent while sat up close playing a video game but more flat when watching sport with others.
The Wall Street Journal also suggests LG will unveil its first TV powered by webOS - the operating system previously used by Palm phones and an HP tablet. A leaked image published by the blogger @evleaks appears to confirm the card-based interface's imminent rebirth.
Japan's Sony, Sharp, Toshiba and Panasonic will also have new Ultra HD models on show, as will China's HiSense and TCL Corp. But the firms are expected to pursue different strategies.
"The Chinese manufacturers are pushing 4K as a common technology in a lot of their models, while the Japanese and Korean brands are still looking for it to be more of a premium feature," explains Edward Border from the consultancy IHS Technology.
"So, for some brands you will mainly see 4K at the higher-end, but for others it could appear in high 30in and low 40in sets."
Polaroid's decision to sell a 50in Ultra HD set for less than $1,000 could also be disruptive.
Watch out too for third-party add-ons that transform older sets into "smart TVs".
For example Bob is an Android-powered stick that plugs into an HDMI port to offer YouTube and video games.
And Tarsier will demo special glasses called Move-Eye that monitor the wearer's hand movements, allowing them to switch channels using gesture controls.
Wearable tech
With Google Glass still awaiting a sensible-priced release, smaller firms will be showing off their own tech-enhanced eyewear.
GlassUp will show off a pair that superimposes smartphone alerts, directions and other app information over the user's right eye.
Epson is expected to unveil a new version of its Moverio glasses - the first generation allowed owners to watch 3D movies.
And XoEye will show off glasses with two in-built five megapixel cameras designed to stream stabilised video feeds over wi-fi.
Much of the other wearable tech will be focused on fitness.
Lebanese start-up Butterfleye is at CES with Instabeat, a waterproof heads-up monitor that attaches to swimming goggles to show the wearer's heart rate.
Veristride will promote a shoe insole sensor that provides feedback about the owner's movements.
And Singapore's Smartmissimo is promising to show off the world's first wearable "smart electrical muscle stimulator" for athletes.
The big name brands are also pushing for a slice of the action.
Another scoop from @evleaks indicates LG will have a new fitness tracking wristband. The firm unveiled an earlier model at CES in 2013, but never put it on sale.
"LG is [also] rumoured to be developing a smartwatch that incorporates the same curved display technology found on its newest TV sets and G Flex handset," @evleaks told the BBC.
"For the thin-wristed individual, such a form-fitting piece of kit would be most welcome."
Sony's chief executive Kazuo Hirai could also use his Keynote Address to spell out his vision for wearable tech after mixed reviews for his company's smartwatches.
And Archos is seeking to shake up the category with a watch costing less than £50.
Tablets, smartphones and PCs
Many smartphone and tablet-makers are holding back announcements until February's Mobile World Congress or their own standalone shows.
But three Asian firms have confirmed they will have new products on show:
Intel will want to highlight the release of new Windows laptops that double up as tablets after championing the two-in-one format at previous CES shows.
In addition, Time Magazine has reported that PC Plus will launch at the event - a class of devices powered by Windows 8.1 that can run some Android apps through software emulation.
There will also be more PCs powered by Google's Chrome OS.
Connected home
New ways to link household objects to the net has been a hardy perennial of recent CES shows.
A Twitter-equipped fridge from Samsung was one of last year's more extreme examples.
This time Kolibree's connected toothbrush - which provides feedback on cleaning habits via an app - may prove one of the most unusual launches. The firm says it will tell users if they brush long enough and whether they clean the hardest-to-reach parts of their teeth and gums.
Okidokeys will be the latest firm to offer a way to unlock your front door with a mobile phone, with the added twist that you can revoke someone else's access privileges remotely.
And to avoid the frustration of missed deliveries, DoorBot will show off a "video doorbell" that lets you see and speak to someone waiting on your doorstep via an app, letting you tell them where to leave the parcel when you're out.
Not tasty enough?
Then try the Smart Diet Scale - a Bluetooth-enabled kitchen gadget that weighs your food before you cook it, and sends the information to an app that calculates the calories, carbs and fat involved.
3D printers
In 2012 there were two 3D printer-makers at CES.
This year the tech warrants its own zone and about 30 firms are showing off their wares.
New entrants include Singapore-based Pirate3DP and its Buccaneer printer, following a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign that raised over $1.4m (£870,000). The firm suggests its machine is less likely to jam than others when building up plastic objects layer by layer.
California's AIO Roboticsh will also show off an all-in-one machine that scans and then either prints or "faxes" copies of an object.
The industry's granddaddy, 3D Systems, says it will respond to these upstarts with three new model categories: edibles, ceramics and full-colour plastics.
Also watch out for Makerbot's Bre Pettis who is hosting a Press Day event on Monday ahead of the scrum of Tuesday's show floor openings.
"3D printing has been around for about 30 years, but a lot of the early developments were patent protected," says Duncan Wood, publisher of TCT Magazine who will be running sessions on the tech at CES.
"But over last three to four years those patents have started to expire and entrepreneurs are now able to build their own variations, helping cause a downward pressure on prices."
Car tech
The major carmakers will be out in force despite the fact Detroit's high-profile motor show begins the following week.
To distinguish the two events, the auto firms are likely to focus on connected technologies rather than new models at CES.
Audi's chairman Rupert Stadler is giving one of the Keynote Addresses and will reveal a tie-up with Google, according to the Wall Street Journal. It says the two firms are developing an in-car entertainment and information system that runs on Android.
The German company's rivals General Motors and Honda may have more to say about their efforts to integrate Apple's rival iOS software.
Meanwhile BMW, Ford and Mercedes-Benz will offer demonstrations of their self-driving vehicles, while parts-maker Delphi will show off a Tesla model fitted with its autonomous car tech.
Yahoo, Steam Boxes and other stuff
Yahoo is likely to be one of the other firms attracting attention this year.
Chief executive Marissa Mayer is delivering one of the Tech Titans presentations nearly one-and-a-half years after jumping ship from Google.
"I would be really interested to hear her innovation story," says Sef Tuma, managing director at consultancy Accenture's digital services division.
"The other players - Google, Amazon, Facebook - are playing in the cloud, in social, with mobile operating systems and devices. They are basically expanding the realms of their existing platforms.
"I'd really love to know what's Yahoo's goal. Are they trying to play in that arms race or will they start looking at a different strategy to be seen as relevant."
Video games firm Valve will also be closely watched. It has told IGN it intends to reveal who will be making Steam Machine consoles and what their specifications will be - potentially a make or break moment for its forthcoming Linux-based platform.
Boss Gabe Newell, however, is expected to be more vague about the prospects of Half Life 3 being a launch title.
Netflix's chief executive Reed Hastings is also in town. He is likely to be pressed on the rollout of 4K content.
Whatever happens at CES, the BBC will bring you news and insights from the event at bbc.co.uk/ces2014.
You can also follow some of the reporters attending on Twitter:
Technology correspondent Rory Cellan-Jones:
@BBCRoryCJ
North America technology correspondent Richard Taylor:
@RichTaylorBBC
Newsnight technology editor David Grossman:
@DavidGrossmanUK
News Online technology reporter Dave Lee:
@DaveLeeBBC
Click team:
@BBCClick
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A Russian submarine thought to be lurking in Swedish waters; Nato fighter jets scrambling to intercept Russian bombers; Russian spies, according to Czech intelligence, fanning out across Europe; an Estonian official allegedly snatched and spirited back to Moscow to be accused of spying.
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By Bridget KendallDiplomatic correspondent, BBC News
All activity in the shadows or below the radar, accompanied by a barrage of anti-Western messages in the pro-Russian media - what has become known as "hybrid warfare", where propaganda and provocation take centre stage.
In fact Russia's probing of Nato borders and defences in the Baltic region is nothing new.
But the number of alleged incursions by Russian military aircraft has tripled in the last year, and Nato officials say the manoeuvres go deeper into Nato territory and are more provocative.
"What we've seen is an increased Russian military presence in the air, on the sea, and now under the sea," says Tomas Ries, senior lecturer at Sweden's National Defence College.
"One could say that this new sort of hybrid warfare is defined by the fact that there is no real distinction between war and peace.
"This is a signal from the Kremlin to the West that basically the old days are over. Russia is coming back on the scene and saying, 'We are strong and it is time for you to realise that you need to respect us.'"
Yet hybrid warfare is almost always deniable.
Western 'propaganda'
Remember those "little green men" who first appeared in Crimea to help facilitate the Russian takeover there? Or the Russian troops and heavy weaponry that surfaced in eastern Ukraine in support of pro-Russian rebels?
Now, as then, the Kremlin has been quick to deny involvement.
In fact, while the West reports a pattern of heightened Russian military and intelligence activity on Nato's eastern borders, Moscow argues the opposite:
And what is more, says the Kremlin, if there is any hybrid warfare going on, it is a propaganda campaign inspired and orchestrated by Western governments and led by the US, in order to paint Russia as the enemy.
"I'm not saying Russia is blameless," says Dmitry Linnik, London bureau chief of the Voice of Russia radio station.
"But spinning the whole thing the way the Western media and politicians have been doing is not just irresponsible, it is actually geared towards isolating and punishing Russia, to drive a wedge between Russia and Europe. Russia is being turned into a bogeyman."
Russian officials now routinely blame the United States for almost everything.
Nikolai Patrushev, Russia's former spy chief and - it's thought - a close friend of President Putin's, recently even accused the Americans of entangling the Soviet Union in a crippling Afghan war and then deliberately weakening it economically to bring about its collapse in 1991.
And according to President Putin, the US is still trying to undermine Russia.
In his annual speech to the so-called Valdai Club, he claimed Russia was taking the place of the USSR as the "centre of evil" in American propaganda, in order to "draw dividing lines and put together coalitions directed against an enemy, as was the case during the Cold War years".
But Russia's position leaves a puzzle.
No trust
On the one hand President Putin complains about being treated with suspicion, on the other he seems to want to project Russia as a resurgent power prepared to strike back if its interests are ignored.
So how does he intend to win back friends in Europe, if governments see Russia as threatening?
Clifford Gaddy, from the Brookings Institution in Washington, co-author of a recent profile of President Putin, says the point is he wants people to be afraid of him.
"It is a fundamental principle of Russian foreign and security policy in particular that you can't really trust anyone," he says.
"You have to have some kind of form of intimidation or hook or blackmail threats that would ensure that they behave the way you want."
In the new grey land of hybrid warfare, goes the theory, there are no longer good and bad guys.
"It's been called a liquid ideology or a post-modernist ideology," says Ilya Zaslavsky, a fellow at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London.
"The idea is that no-one now has an ideology, so that you can argue everyone is cynical and we are just cynical and corrupt as everyone else.
"They actually want to present Russia as a baddie and a bully. It conveniently folds into their own virtual neo-Cold War reality, where Russia is a besieged castle surrounded by enemies and has to fight back."
It makes for a confusing and complex conflict. And the question then is - where is it heading?
Total break
Mr Gaddy says he does not think President Putin wants a total break with the West, but he is also doubtful that Western sanctions will make Russia change its behaviour.
In fact he is worried that if sanctions continue to isolate Russia, the next escalation in this war of shadows could be highly dangerous.
He says: "We're in the world which is so highly integrated, especially electronically, if we push Russia out of that integration, we are in effect making it more likely that Russia would actually employ cyber-weapons in a very, very dangerous way - namely targeting our financial systems - because we are reducing the cost to them of doing that."
It is a scenario dismissed by Mr Linnik as yet more scare-mongering.
"I think Moscow is much more pragmatic than it is given credit for," he says.
"I don't think Moscow is even considering that sort of path, and hopefully that realisation will sink in in the West as well."
But the problem is, in the murky world of hybrid warfare where everything is deniable and nothing is certain, who knows how this crisis will unfold?
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British-educated Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani was named emir of Qatar after his 61-year-old father, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, announced his abdication as leader of the gas-rich Gulf state in June 2013.
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Sheikh Hamad's abdication broke the mould of Gulf politics, where rulers traditionally remain on the throne until they die. Sheikh Tamim, 33, presents a younger face as ruler, at odds with the older generations in neighbouring states.
Nevertheless, under Sheikh Tamim's rule Qatar is expected to continue on the path set by his father, with his mother, Mozah bint Nasser Al Missned, remaining one of the key driving forces in the country's politics.
Taking over from his father, whose 18-year rule was marked by the emergence of Qatar as an influential player on both the Gulf and world stage, Sheikh Tamim's elevation to emir marks the confirmation of the Al Thani dynasty's grip on power in Qatar.
Al Thani family members hold many key posts in the country's government, and the smooth transition to a new emir underlines a desire for stability in an unpredictable region.
Qatar became an influential regional player under the rule of Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa, backing the Arab Spring revolutions and siding with rebels fighting against authoritarian governments in Syria and Libya.
It is also home to the Al-Jazeera TV channel and it has won the right to host the 2022 football World Cup.
Sports figure
Sheikh Tamim was born in Doha in 1980, the fourth son of Sheikh Hamad. He became the Gulf state's heir apparent in 2003 after his older brother Jasim renounced his claim to the throne.
The young Tamim was sent to Britain for his education at Sherborne School in Dorset. Sherborne's only overseas branch now operates in Doha.
After achieving his A-Levels, he followed his father's example by attending the Royal Military Academy in Sandhurst.
He graduated in 1998 before being inducted into the Qatari armed forces as a Second Lieutenant. He was appointed deputy commander-in-chief of Qatar's armed forces in 2009.
It is as a sports administrator that the young sheikh has excelled. In 2006, readers of the Egyptian newspaper Al-Ahram voted him "the best sport personality in the Arab world". That year he chaired the organising committee of the 15th Asian Games in Doha, attended by all member countries for the first time.
A member of the International Olympic Committee, Sheikh Tamim also heads Doha's bid for the 2020 Olympic Games.
As well as the Fifa World Cup, Qatar will also host the 2014 Fina (International Swimming Federation) Swimming World Championships. In addition, Qatar Sport Investments, established by Sheikh Tamim in 2005, owns big-spending French football club Paris Saint-Germain.
Which sports most interest the new emir is unclear, but he has been filmed playing badminton, and seen 10-pin bowling with former Egyptian military chief Mohammed Hussein Tantawi.
Other posts held by Sheikh Tamim include chairman of the Supreme Council for the Environment and Natural Reserves, chairman of the Supreme Education Council, and chairman of the board of directors of the Qatar Investment Authority.
In 2005, Sheikh Tamim married his second cousin Sheikha Jawaher bint Hamad bin Suhaim Al Thani. They have four children.
A second marriage in 2009 to Sheikha Anoud bint Mana al-Hajri brought two further children - in total, three sons and three daughters.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. For more reports from BBC Monitoring, click here. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.
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The numbers are staggering: up to three million Bengalis were killed by famine , more than half a million South Asian refugees fled Myanmar (formerly Burma), 2.3 million soldiers manned the Indian army and 89,000 of them died in military service.
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By Yasmin KhanHistorian
South Asia was transformed dramatically during the war years as India became a vast garrison and supply-ground for the war against the Japanese in South-East Asia.
Yet, this part of the British Empire's history is only just emerging. By looking beyond the statistics to the stories of individual lives the Indian role in the war becomes truly meaningful.
Has the massive South Asian contribution to the World War Two been overlooked?
In some ways, it hasn't.
Everyone has heard of the Gurkhas and many people have heard something of the role of Indian soldiers at major battles like Tobruk, Monte Cassino, Kohima and Imphal.
The Fourteenth Army, a multinational force of British, Indian and African units turned the tide in Asia by recapturing Burma for the Allies. Thirty Indians won Victoria Crosses in the 1940s.
Untold stories
Increasingly, for both the World War One and Two, the contribution of soldiers from across the Empire-Commonwealth has been coming to light.
But what about all the other people who were caught up in the war?
Numerous other South Asian people sweated behind the scenes to secure supply lines and to support the Allies.
There were non-combatants like cooks, tailors, mechanics and washermen, such as a boot-maker to the Indian army named simply as Ghafur who died at the battle of Keren in present-day Eritrea and whose grave can still be seen there today.
What do we know about the thousands of women who mined coal for wartime in Bihar and central India, working right up until childbirth? Or the gangs of plantation labourers from southern India who travelled up into the mountains of the northeast to hack out roads towards Myanmar and China? Or the lascars (merchant seamen) such as Mubarak Ali, remembered simply as "a baker" who died in the Atlantic when the SS City of Benares was torpedoed?
There were millions of other South Asians working towards the imperial war effort and we never hear about them.
It wasn't glamorous work: "coolies" loading and unloading cargo at imperial ports or clearing land for aerodromes did not share the prestige of fighter-pilots.
But their work could be very dangerous.
Thousands of Asian labourers died building treacherous roads at high altitude, including the Ledo Road between China and India, working with basic pickaxes and falling prey to malaria and other tropical diseases.
Harbour accident
Others died in industrial accidents - there was an incredible explosion in Bombay harbour in 1944, when a ship loaded with explosives and cotton caught alight, blew warships to smithereens and made over 80,000 homeless.
Factory workers and dockworkers also suffered from aerial bombardment - official figures suggest several thousand deaths from Japanese bombs on India's eastern coastline.
The men and women who kept the imperial war effort going in South Asia did not write diaries and memoirs.
Often for them it was just a job, a way of earning enough money to eat.
They did not see it as belonging to a heroic part of world history, worthy of inclusion in history books. The illiterate left little trace of their service. And often their work - hard and poorly paid - was tough and dangerous whether it was wartime or not.
British officers wrote hundreds of accounts of their time in South Asia but there is not a single written memoir by an Indian rock-breaker, road builder or miner.
Quick profits
It's not a simple story of heroism or patriotism; many of these workers were more motivated by the need for bread than by the need to defeat the Axis.
And it's not a straightforward case of imperial exploitation - many elite South Asians made quick profits in the war and transformed their own fortunes.
Experiences of the 1940s depended on caste, class, vantage point and region: a Punjabi soldier could see things very differently to a metropolitan student in Mumbai (formerly Bombay) or a factory-owner in Kolkata (Calcutta).
Often those who worked towards the war were Anglo-Indians, adivasis [tribespeople], Parsis and Christians - and their histories slipped by the wayside during the writing of post-independence nationalist myths.
The people who made up the war effort soon had their lives shaped again by the Partition of 1947 and the carving up of new countries.
This wartime history belongs to Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan as much as to India.
In the rush to write new histories of nation states after 1947, much of the history of the 1940s was locked out from official memory. Tales of the freedom struggle took precedence. And in Britain and the US, the emphasis was placed on remembering military contributions to major battles, not on the everyday lives of anonymous workers.
As one report put it at the time, this was not the "forgotten army", but the "unknown army". Perhaps now we can finally start to appreciate the fullest extent of WW2.
Yasmin Khan is an associate Professor of History at the University of Oxford. Her book, The Raj at War: A People's History of India's Second World War will be published in July by Random House.
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The chief inspector of schools has never been afraid of controversy, and with this latest intervention against unregistered schools he is firmly stepping into the debate about how and where people can choose to educate their children.
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Branwen JeffreysEducation Editor
It is perfectly legal to choose to educate your children at home, and if you do make that choice there is no obligation to follow a particular curriculum.
It is also perfectly legal to run a part-time tuition centre to offer additional teaching and support to children who are home-educated.
And if your part-time education centre teaches children for fewer than 20 hours a week there are remarkably few obligations.
You don't have to register with the authorities or be open to inspection, unlike a private fee-paying school.
This has created a grey area of the law, which Ofsted argues is being exploited by people who are running unregistered premises, some of which are quietly opening for as many hours as a school.
Some of what the Ofsted inspectors has found provides a strong case for intervention. In some places they are reporting poor physical conditions including dirty mattresses, open drains and a lack of running water.
Many part-time centres rely heavily on volunteers, and again there is evidence that not all of them are undergoing the checks expected of people working with children.
This means checks on criminal records and other intelligence which would raise concerns about whether there have been allegations or proven incidents of sexual or physical abuse.
It's hard to argue against these kinds of safeguards to protect children.
Misogynistic and homophobic views
Larger mosques and madrassas now routinely screen their staff and volunteers, for example, so why shouldn't tuition centres?
Where Ofsted's approach will provoke more controversy is in its judgements about a "narrow Islamic curriculum", and concerns that attempts to make sure children are taught British values are being undermined.
This is partly based on texts found in some centres, which Ofsted says contain views which are misogynistic, homophobic and anti-Semitic.
We don't know exactly what the texts say, although I understand the text described as homophobic suggests that it is acceptable to kill gay people.
So what kind of place is Sir Michael Wilshaw talking about? The only site which has been named was calling itself Bordesley Independent School before it closed after a visit from Ofsted.
It charged fees, not uncommon among part-time education centres, which often describe themselves as "flexi-schools".
Inspectors reported girls being ushered out the back before they gained entry, dirty mattresses and a lack of running water in the toilet.
This week the building on the edge of an industrial estate remained closed, although a courier was still trying to deliver exam papers when I visited.
Closed communities
But not all flexi-schools in Muslim communities are in such poor premises. Some are housed in community centres, or share converted buildings with charities.
Over the last few months I've approached several in different parts of England to ask if they would speak to the BBC.
None agreed, either fearful of being judged or simply preferring to turn away from anyone from outside the local community.
In one converted pub I was politely shown to a prayer room, before it was decided that no-one was available to speak to me about the education being offered to the children I could clearly hear.
Another told me that it wasn't ready to explain its education to the outside world.
Some may be choosing to instruct children in a way which is deeply socially conservative by many people's standards. Others prefer a focus on global citizenship, and shared Muslim values, to the British values which now must be incorporated into teaching in England's schools.
One parent, who had been through what he considered an academic hothouse of a boys' grammar school, told me the flexi-centre he'd chosen was offering an education in small classes that allowed children to progress at their own pace.
This is a choice being made by parents, opting for an education which they believe matches their values.
Parents' rights
Some low-income families are finding fees of about £1,200 a year for each child to be educated somewhere with few or no qualified teaching staff.
This is about a quarter of the amount the state would spend on educating their child at a local school, at the most conservative estimate. It's also less than registered independent Muslim schools charge for a primary stage education.
So where does this debate leave the right to educate your child as you see fit?
Sir Michael Wilshaw told me that "of course" parents have got a right to bring up a child with a different view and a focus on their religion, "but they've got to bring up their child with awareness of other faiths and beliefs, other ways of living".
While the places visited by Ofsted so far are mainly in Muslim communities, the new team of inspectors will apparently look at any facilities in orthodox Jewish and Christian communities which may be taking advantage of the law.
The consultation under way at the moment by the Department for Education will determine how regulation should be tightened.
Ministers want to be able to intervene in and regulate anywhere children receive more than six to eight hours of instruction a week, without curtailing the right of parents to home-educate their children.
It's clear Sir Michael Wilshaw would prefer that all part-time tuition centres, flexi-schools and education centres are forced to close and apply for registration from scratch.
The government may choose to tread more gently, coaxing places that are willing to consider becoming an independent Muslim school towards regulation.
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Texas Governor Rick Perry's inability to remember his own policy - the third US government agency he would eliminate if elected - during a televised debate has seriously hampered his chances at winning the White House, analysts say. Politics aside, what was going on inside his head?
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By Daniel NasawBBC News Magazine, Washington
Most human beings have been there: A favourite actress whose name slips from memory, or perhaps a loved one's birthday, celebrated every year, evades recall.
But most everyday memory slip-ups do not occur under the glare of the international news media while vying for the toughest job in the world alongside seven fierce competitors.
Mr Perry on Wednesday night failed to name the Department of Energy as one of three cabinet level agencies he would seek to eliminate if elected (the other two are the departments of commerce and education).
"I can't - the third one I can't," he said when challenged by debate moderator John Harwood, adding, in evident embarrassment: "Oops."
In all likelihood, the longtime governor of Texas, a major oil producing state, knew the answer somewhere in his head.
He has vowed to trim the department's budget in the past, and later in Wednesday night's debate he recovered and mentioned it by name.
Limited 'cognitive horsepower'
Rather, Mr Perry's flub was a fairly typical reaction to stress. It illustrates the potential failures of memory in high pressure situations, psychologists and neuroscientists tell the BBC.
"Once he missed naming the department of energy the first time, the stress of that event strongly impaired the neural mechanisms of memory retrieval," says John Guzowski, a professor neurobiology at the University of California at Irvine.
"There is a fine line between the amount of stress that is good for memory and that which is bad for memory."
The human mind has a limited amount of cognitive horsepower, and in stressful situations, other thoughts compete for the use of those resources, memory and cognition researchers say.
Mr Perry may have been keenly monitoring his own performance, for instance, and during the several painful seconds of the encounter he became terrifyingly aware he was making an error.
Thoughts in competition
In Mr Perry's case, he was searching his brain for the third government agency but other thought processes intruded, says Sian Beilock, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, who studies the interplay between cognition and stress.
"He's worrying about screwing up, and that takes away from important resources that otherwise he could use to search his memory," she says.
The individual thoughts - the department names - were competing at that moment to get out of Mr Perry's mouth like children jumping up and down to be picked for a football team, says Art Markman, a psychologist at the University of Texas, who has followed Mr Perry's career.
The first two - commerce and education - were selected while the third - energy - was not, he says.
"The first two items shoved down that third one that he wanted to pull out," says Mr Markman, author of a forthcoming book Smart Thinking: How to Think Big, Innovate and Outperform Your Rivals.
"And at the same time he's thinking about what he's supposed to say, so he has no resources around to pull out that third one."
Obstacle
Mr Perry also may have suffered from a mental block that worked almost as an active force preventing the correct information - the name - from moving to his lips, says MIT neuroscientist John Gabrieli.
When he returned to his mental search for the name "Department of Energy", he may have been dwelling out of habit on the negative consequences of the initial memory lapse, and that drew his attention away from the information he sought, says Dr Gabrieli.
"It's not the absence of information, but it's the presence of the wrong thought that's hard to clear," he says.
"Some other thought comes into your mind that's not the right one. You know it's not the right one. Once you get stuck on that thought, it's an obstacle to the information that's really in your head."
Compounding the stress was Mr Perry's reputation in the media and among voters as a poor debater, which will have meant he was under self-imposed pressure to produce a good showing on Wednesday night.
'Cicero's debate prep'
Research has shown that when people are aware of stereotypes about themselves or their gender or ethnic group, they tend to perform down to those stereotypes as if hampered by a weight, says Ms Beilock.
For example, in studies, when girls are reminded about negative stereotypes of girls' performance on maths exams just before they are to take one, they perform worse, she says.
Mr Perry should take advantage of memory-building techniques known since antiquity to help orators avoid that kind of public error, says Joshua Foer, a science writer and author of Moonwalking with Einstein, about competitive memorisation.
"If it had been Cicero up there on stage, part of his debate prep would have involved creating an image in his mind's eye of the three departments he wanted to talk about," Mr Foer writes in an email to the BBC.
"Maybe his favourite elementary school teacher standing behind a lemonade stand handing out wads of cash, while shooting lightning bolts out of his underarms. That wacky image would have reminded him he wanted to cut education, commerce, and energy."
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Detectives investigating the murder of a disability rights campaigner at her home in Eastbourne have said a wheelchair-accessible van is part of their inquiry.
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Jackie Hoadley's body was found at her home in Broad Oak Close on Sunday.
The 58-year-old was confirmed dead at the scene.
A 62-year-old man arrested on Sunday remains in custody. Magistrates have granted police a further 24 hours to question him.
Det Ch Insp Andy Wolstenholme, from Sussex Police, said officers were looking at the movements of a "distinctive" silver grey Renault van, which had a nearside opening side door and blacked-out windows on the sides and rear,
He asked anyone with CCTV or dashcam footage from Eastbourne between 23:00 BST on Saturday and 02:00 on Sunday to contact the force.
Officers were particularly interested in the areas around Shinewater and the seafront, he added.
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The former head of the International Monetary Fund, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, has told a French court that he attended orgies, but would never have done so if he had known they involved prostitutes.
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He is accused of "aggravated pimping", or helping to procure sex workers for a prostitution ring based at a hotel in Lille. Thirteen other people are on trial with him.
DSK, as he is widely known in France, was once seen as a leading contender for the French presidency, but if found guilty he could end up in jail.
What is the trial about?
The "Carlton affair" - named after the hotel in the northern French city of Lille that sparked the initial investigation - erupted in 2011. An anonymous tip-off alerted officials that the hotel was being used for prostitution.
Further investigation uncovered an international prostitution ring involving prominent local businessmen.
It emerged that some of the suspects had close links to Mr Strauss-Kahn and that he took part in sex parties organised by them in France and Washington in late 2010 and early 2011. Prostitutes have said they were paid to attend those parties.
Who are his co-defendants?
The 13 other people also facing the charge of "aggravated pimping" include:
What is DSK accused of?
Using prostitutes is legal in France.
However under article 225-5 of the criminal code, the definition of pimping includes not just procuring, but also facilitating prostitution "in any way".
Investigators, who have found SMS (text) messages between Mr Strauss-Kahn and the other co-defendants, believe that the sex parties were organised specifically for the benefit of the former head of the International Monetary Fund.
Prosecutors therefore believe he played a major role in instigating the orgies. Some have described him as the "party king".
He and his co-accused are accused of "aggravated" pimping because the prostitution activities were allegedly organised by a group of people.
If convicted he could face a 10-year prison sentence and a fine of €1.5m (£1.13m; $1.72 million).
What do we know about the prostitutes?
Two former prostitutes have agreed to help the prosecution, Mounia and Jade, and both believe he must have known they were prostitutes. Both attended sex parties at the Hotel Murano in Paris between 2009 and 2010, but never together.
Mounia told the court that she was chosen especially for Dominique Strauss-Kahn, but acknowledged no mention of money was ever raised in his presence. She said she was paid €900 (£690) by David Roquet, for what she had been told would be a "small party".
She also says DSK forced her to commit an act "against nature" at a party in Paris, which he denies.
Jade worked for brothel owner Dominique Alderweireld and had attended lunchtime sex parties in Lille. She is also believed to have travelled to Washington to take part in a sex party there. In her testimony, she said she had been introduced to a "public figure", and said she was paid either by Dominique Alderweireld or Rene Kojfer.
What is DSK's defence?
Mr Strauss-Kahn has never denied taking part in sex parties. But, he insists: "I committed no crime, no offence."
His main line of defence is that he had no idea some of the women there were prostitutes. One of his lawyers once said: "I challenge you to tell a naked prostitute from a naked society lady."
Giving evidence on 10 February, he also accused prosecutors of having greatly exaggerated the frequency of his "licentious evenings". He said: "There were only 12 parties in total - that is four per year over three years."
It was the prostitutes who said it was obvious what they were, he told the court. "But many other witnesses say they didn't see any prostitutes. I maintain that I neither knew nor suspected there were prostitutes."
Strauss-Kahn: A profile
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A council has appealed for photographs from Storm Eleanor to help improve its new flood warning system.
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Dumfries and Galloway was hit by winds gusting up to 77mph and significant coastal problems last week.
The local authority has asked the public to send in images of the flooding experienced at the time.
It said that would help improve its warning system by using evidence of "what actually happened" across south west Scotland.
Anybody with photographs has been asked to send them to the council with details of when and where they were taken.
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A man from Barry has been fined £500 for firing at two dogs with a catapult, a court has heard.
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Stephen Charles Hammond, 60, admitted one animal welfare offence at Cardiff Crown Court.
He went into a garden in Barry last September and fired a catapult at two Jack Russell terriers, who were not injured, the court was told.
The RSPCA described CCTV footage of the incident as "shocking" and said the dogs looked frightened.
Hammond was also ordered to pay £300 court costs and a £60 victim surcharge.
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The trafficking of people into the UK is on the rise. The latest figures for 2015 suggest that 3,266 people were potential victims of trafficking, a 40% increase on the previous year. The largest number - 600 - came from Albania. The BBC's Reeta Chakrabarti has been speaking to victims of trafficking in both the UK and Albania.
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'I was forced to sleep with several men'
In a women's refuge in southern Albania, the victims of trafficking and violence are mere schoolgirls, 10 or 12 of them eyeing us shyly and looking impossibly young.
They all have tales of brutality and exploitation. Some of these children already have little children of their own, the products of the rapes they were subjected to.
Seya was just 14 when she left a violent family home. She was sold into a trafficking ring by a man she thought was her boyfriend, and found herself in a terrifying network of underground crime, unable to distinguish between the pimps and their victims.
She was forced for months to sleep with several men a day, and "international clients" who paid more at night.
"I hate them," she said, speaking with remarkable composure for someone so young. "I want them to get the punishment that they deserve, because to be under someone's thumb, to do the things they want you to do for them... They steal your freedom - they use you, rule you - I don't know, it's very degrading."
Seya's story is sadly far from unique. Albania is a small country in which trafficking - trading in human beings - took hold in the years after the collapse of communism in 1990.
It has since been known as a source nation for people being kidnapped, smuggled and then sold. The traffickers are well organised and have a reputation for brutality.
'Many men raped me every day'
Other victims include Anna, whom we spoke to in the UK. She came from a small rural town - was duped by a supposed boyfriend into leaving home - and then sold into prostitution in Britain.
She was brought here, but has no idea where she was.
"I was somewhere underground," she said. "I had no sense of the world around me. They would not let me see. I entered the building blindfolded."
Anna is in her late 20s, and was a virgin until she was trafficked. Weeping throughout our interview, but insisting that she wanted to tell her story, she recounted how she was raped repeatedly every day, by many men.
They did things to me, she said, that I would never have imagined possible.
Anna eventually escaped, and is now supported in a safe house run by the Salvation Army. She has a baby, which gives her a reason to focus on her future and to hope.
But her story, and that of Seya and of hundreds of others, should trigger alarm in the authorities in the UK and across Europe. They are lives broken by a brutal crime.
The number of adult victims of human trafficking and modern slavery that has been referred to the Salvation Army has grown "exponentially", said Anne Read, director of Anti Trafficking and Modern Slavery for the group.
And Albania is of particular concern. "People's lives are torn apart by this heinous crime," she said.
Human trafficking in Albania
Sources: United Nations, US State Department
Albania profile
Trafficker: 'It's terrible'
Campaigners against trafficking say that deep-seated attitudes in Albanian society towards women contribute to the problem.
This is a male-dominated culture, where young women in poorer, rural areas are vulnerable to domestic violence and are looking for a means of escape. It makes them easy prey for the traffickers.
The victims are often manipulated and recruited through false marriages and employment opportunities, with traffickers promising them to cover their living expenses, according to a UN report.
The country's record on prosecutions is patchy but the government have been praised for taking steps to improve prosecutions. A recent US State Department report made recommendations that more needed to be done to" vigorously investigate, prosecute, and convict traffickers, including complicit officials".
The Albanian authorities let us talk to one prisoner being held at a high security prison in Korce, in the east of the country. It is the middle of winter, the snow is thick on the ground, the prison bleak and freezing.
The prisoner is Fatos Kapplani, currently serving a 15-year sentence for trafficking children to Greece, and forcing them to work as prostitutes or beggars. He is himself a father, and was at the time married. What, I asked, made him do it?
"It was a time that everyone was doing that kind of thing," he says, with a shrug that is perhaps regret, perhaps shame.
"It's terrible. What if that were my child and someone did that to them. It's very terrible."
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Leaders of the world's wealthiest nations are about to descend on a luxury hotel located in a small Canadian tourist town in Quebec. But it's unclear if there's more to divide or unite them.
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By Jessica MurphyBBC News, Toronto
Canada, which holds the G7 presidency this year, will host the leaders of the US, Italy, France, Germany, the UK and Japan in the town of La Malbaie.
Here are four things to know before the two-day summit begins on Friday.
1. Canada, meet Donald Trump. Donald Trump, meet Canada
Since Ronald Reagan was elected in 1980, new American presidents have had an unofficial tradition - making Canada the destination for their first foreign trip.
George W Bush broke with tradition when he took a day trip to Mexico, but it wasn't long before he travelled north for the 2001 Summit of the Americas in Quebec City.
Donald Trump waited longer - some 500 days into his presidency.
This Charlevoix Summit will be the first time he pays a visit to his northern neighbour as American leader.
The US president is unlikely to get the rock star welcome received by his predecessor, Barack Obama, who was greeted in 2009 by people gathered on Parliament Hill in Ottawa to catch a glimpse of the politician.
Mr Trump isn't as popular as Mr Obama was among Canadians, and he is currently sparring with his Canadian counterpart Justin Trudeau over US tariffs on steel and aluminium imports.
2. Expect awkward conversations
On Saturday, G7 finance officials issued a rebuke over the "negative impact" of the US metals tariffs and urged "decisive action" on the matter when world leaders meet in La Malbaie.
It won't be the first time Mr Trump's stances on trade and other policy matters have caused friction among his world leader colleagues.
In fact, it could be more G6 + 1 than G7.
During the Italy summit in 2017, the US leader was left isolated over Paris climate change deal.
He was the lone man out when the other leaders reaffirmed their commitment to the Paris accord, the world's first comprehensive deal aimed at reducing greenhouse emissions.
"We have a situation of six against one," German Chancellor Angela Merkel said at the time.
Mr Trump later announced his intention to withdraw the US from the Paris deal.
This time around, Mr Trump will undoubtedly be held to task over the recent metals tariffs slapped on Canada, Mexico and the European Union (EU).
European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker and European Council President Donald Tusk will also both be attending the summit.
Canada is also in the midst of intense North American Free Trade Agreement negotiations with the US and Mexico.
A Canadian official who briefed journalists prior to the summit said it's fair to say that any economic talks "will quickly go to a discussion on trade".
"There will be a discussion and the president will be participating," he said.
3. The 'lonely hearts club'
John Kirton, director of G7 Research Group, says that inevitably, the leaders will find more that unites them than divide them.
He says the gathering is a uniquely intimate summit where some of the world's most powerful political leaders can gather "face-to-face around a fireside, a dining room table".
"The summit is the perfect place for leaders to freewheel, to say what they want, to be politically incorrect, to complain about their own domestic media.
"It's a lonely hearts club, a kind of group therapy."
He adds it won't be the first time the consensus-based group finds itself divided since it came into being following the OPEC oil crisis in 1973.
The Canadian official said the meeting's format allows for world leaders to have "a frank and full exchange".
But as host, Canada is "working to bridge the differences that exists".
There are fives themes for this year's summit, which are:
Colin Robertson, with the Canadian Global Affairs Institute summed it up in recent report on the coming Summit as "gender, work, climate, energy, our oceans, protectionism, populism and extremism".
Foreign policy issues expected to be discussed include the planned meeting between President Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, tensions with Russia, China's global influence, and the crisis in Venezuela.
Mr Kirton says he expects three main "deliverables" to come out of the Charlevoix Summit.
They include taking action to prevent foreign interference in democratic elections, an issue that falls directly into the central responsibility of the G7 for defending and spreading democratic governance.
It also comes at a time when the member nations have seen the public lose trust in government institutions.
A coalition of 30 non-governmental groups are also hoping the countries, whose economies represent 45% of global GDP, will raise $1.3bn (£970m) for educating girls in developing countries.
"Summits are often a great global fundraiser," says Mr Kirton.
Finally, the countries are expected to make commitments on removing plastics from the oceans - an environmental issue that has grown in prominence in recent months - and on making coastal communities more resilient.
The view from the UK from BBC Westminster
The British prime minister will raise the US decision to apply tariffs to EU steel and aluminium imports with President Trump at the G7 later this week. Theresa May has already told the President she believes the tariffs are "unjustified and deeply disappointing". There will also be a discussion on North Korea and the president's planned summit with Kim Jong-un. But Brexit may also be on any unofficial agenda. While no formal post-Brexit trade negotiations can begin until 2019, some will look for signs from the US, Canada and Japan about what any future trade deals may look like.
4. Security and beer
The fact that the Manoir Richelieu, the venue where the leaders will meet, is well over an hour's drive away from Quebec City offers a limited opportunity for mass protests.
Canada is spending some C$600m ($462m; £345m) on the summit and related events, a large chunk of which is going towards security.
When Canada hosted the Summit of the Americas in Quebec City in 2001, the meeting was the focus of two days of violent clashes between riot police and thousands of anti-globalisation demonstrators.
Three days of protests are planned this week in Quebec City, where demonstrators will voice their opposition to the G7 agenda.
But the town's chief of police told media in May that the security threat for the summit is considered "moderate" and that he doesn't expect a repeat of the 2001 showdown.
About 8,000 soldiers and police officers are expected to be on hand during the event.
In La Malbaie, opinions on having their picturesque town overrun by world leaders, law enforcement and security fences elicit everything from a shrug to some concern.
"Honestly, I don't pay it any attention at all," Marjolaine Morin told the BBC. "I'm only asking that everything stays calm and in order."
Meanwhile, other Charlevoix residents are capitalising on the global attention.
Microbrasserie Charlevoix, a popular microbrewery in the region, has concocted a special G7 beer with ingredients from the seven member nations and with 7% alcohol.
Microbrewery co-founder Frederick Tremblay says the idea came about when brewer Nicolas Marrant pointed out it will likely be the one-and-only time the region hosts such an event.
The brewery made limited run - which sold out - and some crates were sent to the hotel where world leaders will gather.
Mr Tremblay says he hopes their beer starts a trend.
"If we had more time, we would have invited a brewer per country to come and brew it all together here, that would have been a lot of fun," he said.
"It's a worldwide fraternity, the brewing industry. So let's hope that some other brewer takes up (the idea)."
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Emergency services are dealing with a "serious" traffic accident near Carmarthen.
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Dyfed Powys Police was called to the incident along the busy A40 between Llysonnen Road, Carmarthen and St Clears, at around 20:50 BST.
Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue service and Welsh Ambulance have both sent "several resources".
Motorists are facing long delays and tailbacks with the main link road closed in both directions.
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Taiwanese smartphone maker HTC has reported a 58% fall in net profit to 7.4bn Taiwanese dollars (US$248m) in the three months ending in June.
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In June, the group cut its forecast by revenue by 13% and warned it would make lower profits for each handset it sold.
Second quarter revenue of 91bn Taiwanese dollars was worse-than-expected.
HTC sells most of its phones in Asia's developing economies at the lower, less profitable end of the market.
The news came on the same day Korean rival Samsung Electronics posted record second-quarter earnings largely due to the success of its Galaxy smartphone.
HTC's chief executive, Peter Chou, hopes the planned launch of new models in the second half of this year will help sales and profits to rebound.
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Advent calendars used to be a cheap way to count down to Christmas with a seasonal picture or chocolate treat, but behind the doors you can now find everything from expensive whisky to fancy face cream. Are they a rip-off that represents the ever-growing commercialism of Christmas, or just a harmless bit of festive fun?
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By Katie Hope & Emma KasprzakBBC News
"Christmas isn't like it used to be," is a familiar refrain. Yet even putting the rose-tinted spectacles aside, one element of the festive period - advent calendars - really have come a long way.
There has long been a tradition in some Christian denominations to mark off the days of Advent, from lighting candles to the calendar's austere origins in 19th Century Germany when 24 chalk lines were rubbed off doors.
But counting down to a festival marking the birth of Jesus has changed, from finding cheap chocolate behind the door of a pretty picture - a style popularised in the 1990s - to an extravagant present-filled bonanza boasting everything from pork scratchings to posh toiletries.
These bumper versions vary wildly in price, ranging from £10,000 for a rare whisky version, to a rather more modest cheese offering for £8 from Asda.
But despite the sometimes eye-watering cost, some do represent value for money, according to MoneySavingExpert's Gary Caffell.
"If you want to give yourself a small daily treat of your favourite tipple, cheese or crisp, Advent calendars such as these are meant to be a bit of festive fun. So if that's why you're buying it and you're happy with the overall price, you may not be too fussed about the value you're getting behind each window."
"Self-rewarding" is how consumer psychologist Kate Nightingale, founder of consultancy Style Psychology puts it.
When you are rushing around trying to please everyone else, treating yourself to an early present is one way to cheer yourself up, she says.
Chloe Haskoll, 34, says that is exactly why she bought a beauty advent calendar for herself this year.
"I'm not keen on chocolate and like the idea of a daily pick-me up. They're not cheap but I find December exhausting so it's a well deserved treat, I reckon," she says.
Mr Caffell says beauty calendars tend to provide the best savings as they can be a cheaper way to buy a lot of products from one of the bigger brands, and any products you don't want can be given as stocking-fillers.
"Boots No7, M&S and Body Shop all have popular calendars which are worth looking out for, as you get products worth a lot more than the price of the Advent calendar itself."
Natalie Oakley, who is behind beauty blog Lady Like Momma, has been known to stay up for the midnight launch of such calendars and tracks the launch dates in magazines and online.
"I choose a calendar based on two things," says the writer, from Sedgley in the West Midlands. "I either go for a brand I know and love already, or brands that I am keen to try out.
"And the second thing is the style [and] packaging. I think when you are spending quite a lot on a calendar you want it to look good in your home and I personally want to be able to use it again the following year and add my own things to the drawers."
Luxury calendars are a very recent phenomenon - department store Liberty's coveted beauty calendar, which sold out online in 39 hours this year, only launched in 2014.
Even chocolate calendars only really became commonplace in the 1990s, says Alex Hutchinson, archivist and historian for Nestle.
"It wasn't until after World War Two and after rationing ended that chocolate became a more affordable purchase.
"Chocolate was so expensive that manufacturers couldn't afford to put it in an Advent calendar. By the 1960s, people got back into the habit of treating it as a grocery product but [the idea of chocolate being linked to Advent] would still have been a bit sacrilegious."
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Cadbury's says the company launched its first Advent calendar in 1971, with production the following year and again between 1978 and 1980.
It wasn't until 1993 the firm began to produce them continuously, when it became more routinely adopted as a Christmas tradition.
But trying to marry the commercial desire to sell more during what is, after all, a religious festival, requires some sensitivity.
When bakery chain Greggs promoted its advent calendar by swapping Jesus for a sausage roll in a nativity scene, some said it had gone too far.
YouTube star Zoella also came a cropper when parents complained that her £50 12-window calendar was "overpriced tat", prompting Boots to halve the price to £25.
There are other less obvious pitfalls for retailers.
Those fiddly boxes and unusual shapes mean they can be difficult and expensive to make, something pork scratchings firm Snaffling Pig found to its cost when it launched its first calendar last year.
The firm's co-founder Andy Allen says a combination of the A3 size, which took up almost all their warehouse space; and the need to produce the calendar in a short space of time to keep the product fresh, "almost broke them".
The result was that they had less than a month to make and then post out 11,000 calendars before 1 December.
"It piled on a lot of pressure," he says.
This year, they are making about 45,000 calendars and have outsourced the fiddly filling and calendar construction to a team.
"It is a bit more controlled," he says.
For larger firms like John Lewis, Advent is akin to a military operation.
Head of Christmas products Dan Cooper has already picked his first set of calendars for next Christmas and across all styles, sales are up 48% so far this year.
The chain launched its own £149 beauty product calendar for the first time this year, and the 3,000 it made have already sold out.
Mr Cooper believes the growing popularity of more luxurious calendars is partly down to the ever earlier spread of "Christmas hysteria".
But he says the real shift is that calendars have become "a family thing". Advent, it seems, is no longer just for kids.
Angus Thirlwell is the chief executive and founder of chocolate chain Hotel Chocolat, which has been selling a "posh calendar" pitched squarely at adults for nearly a decade now.
He says people are generally buying calendars in addition to their usual Christmas gifts - not instead of them - and Advent has now become "a season in its own right".
"That's why we like it," he says.
But isn't festive commercialism getting a bit out of hand?
"It's difficult to take the hedonism out of Christmas, the genie has already escaped the bottle," says Mr Thirlwell.
Retailers, of course, say these calendars are a good deal - to the point of printing it on your receipt.
In a clever marketing ploy. Marks & Spencer's beauty calendar (which is £35 if you spend an additional £35 on non-food products), flashes up at the till at £250, which is what the company says it's worth before the price is reduced.
But customer reviews show they believe the chance to try more expensive products than they could normally afford makes them worth it.
And glowing skin isn't necessarily the only bonus. Some calendars' popularity mean they can be lucrative.
Liberty's £175 beauty calendars are now listed on auction site eBay at double the original price, for example.
The idea that shops are deliberately under-stocking their calendars to create a fake rush is a "myth" according to Mr Cooper, who adds that changing trends mean "things sometimes sell better than expected".
But however big your advent calendar is, and whatever you paid for it, there's still one big challenge left - stopping yourself from opening all those tempting little windows at once.
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Mountain rescuers have resumed their search for a missing climber following an avalanche on a Highlands mountain a week ago.
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Andrew Vine, 41, from the Manchester area, was last seen on the west face of Aonach Mor, near Fort William, at about 13:00 last Friday.
His climbing partner was injured but she managed to walk to the Nevis Range snowsports centre to raise the alarm.
Bad weather and avalanche risk had hampered the search effort.
Members of Lochaber Mountain Rescue Team were at the scene of the avalanche on Thursday and again on Friday.
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As the nation celebrates the 70th anniversary of the evacuation of a third of a million Allied troops from Dunkirk, what is less well-known, even to the experts, was that several of those smaller boats and ships came from Welsh ports.
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By Neil PriorBBC Wales
What Churchill called a "miracle of deliverance" began this week in 1940 after the German army's surprise attack through the Ardennes forest threatened to cut off the British Expeditionary Force.
Between 27 May and 5 June, the Royal Navy worked flat out, while the army fought a valiant rearguard action to delay the German advance and allow as many British and French troops as possible to escape.
The navy's efforts were supplemented famously by more than 1,000 civilian vessels, ranging from ocean-going ferries to little more than rowing boats.
One was the P&A Campbell paddle steamer Glen Gower which operated in the Bristol Channel, and is featured in Pathe news descriptions of the evacuation.
David Jenkins, maritime expert for the National Waterfront Museum in Swansea, said the records about the smaller boats or for those from farther afield is often quite confused.
He said: "The German advance through France only began on 10 May, so Vice Admiral Bertram Ramsay had little more than a fortnight to put together operation Dynamo.
"It was quite ordered at first, but as the pace needed to pick up, more and more vessels joined, and there wasn't always time to document them."
"Often we find out about the role of Welsh ships and boats from the recollections of rescued servicemen rather than official records.
"It seems incredible that boats left Welsh ports, and were able to get to Dunkirk in time to play a part in the evacuation."
Yet it appears that many from Wales did answer the call, sailing hundreds of miles around Land's End to join the rescue.
Among them were The Scotia, a ferry more accustomed to taking passengers from Holyhead to Anglesey, and the Glen Gower, which until the war had idled its way around the Bristol Channel, making pleasure excursions for the tourists of south Wales and north Devon.
As a large, ocean-going ferry, The Scotia was requisitioned by the Royal Navy, and gained the prefix HMS Scotia.
She rescued thousands of troops from the make-shift jetty in Dunkirk, surviving unscathed after being struck by German shells and torpedoes.
Sitting target
However her luck eventually ran out when she was sunk on 1 June 1940. She and her crew are remembered in a special free exhibition at Holyhead Maritime Museum over half-term week.
"On her third run out of Dunkirk, and full of French, British, and Belgian troops, she was attacked by 12 enemy aircraft.
"A bomb from a dive bomber fell down the funnel blowing out the keel, and she was sunk with great loss of life."
John Cave, curator of Holyhead Maritime Museum, said: "Our Holyhead at War exhibition has displays and exhibits from the Scotia as well as for the other Holyhead ferries which served during the world wars of the last century.
"The additional temporary exhibition shows images from the evacuation of Dunkirk and the later stationing of the Dutch navy in Holyhead."
The paddle steamer Glen Gower fared better, despite her painfully slow progress and lack of manoeuvrability making her somewhat of a sitting target for Luftwaffe bombers.
'Abandoned'
She wasn't able to reach Dunkirk until the latter, and most dangerous stage of the operation in the first days of June, when boats were unable to use the jetty and had to come into the beach under intense German artillery fire.
Mike Mason, from Trellech, in Monmouthshire, a marine history enthusiast, said: "Despite having had her hull penetrated by an enemy shell, the Glen Gower managed to make it back to Harwich, having rescued hundreds of servicemen from the beaches at Dunkirk.
"She returned after the war to operate excursions on the Bristol Channel until 1959 and was scrapped in 1960.
"Three other P&A Campbell paddle steamers which had operated in the Bristol Channel, the Devonia, Brighton Queen and Brighton Belle, were not so lucky as they were all sunk at the time.
"The Devonia, in particular, was left stranded and abandoned on the beach at Dunkirk."
But the extraordinary evacuation was only made possible by the heroic efforts of the troops in northern France, who frustrated the German advance for long enough to allow their comrades to escape.
When the battle reached the town of Dunkirk, the fighting was often conducted hand-to-hand, defending each street in an attempt to buy another few vital hours or minutes.
Captain Bill Steer, whose family live in Williamstown, Rhondda Cynon Taf, was among the last to leave, and was mentioned in dispatches for his bravery.
His son-in-law, Kenneth Martin, said that he thought he'd left it too late to evacuate, and that he'd either die fighting or be taken prisoner.
"Bill was commanding a gun installation with the Royal Horse Artillery on the outskirts of Dunkirk. It was vital for them to keep firing to try and put off, for as long as possible, the German guns coming in range of the beach and massacring thousands of allied troops."
'Rowing'
"After nearly everyone else had left, Bill was given the order to spike the guns in order to stop the Germans using them, then make a run for it.
"Unfortunately his fellow officer ran off with their only motorbike, leaving Bill stranded, so he had to make a dash on foot for the beach, while the Germans poured into the town."
"He and a handful of others were pretty much the last people to make it off the beach alive, rowing away in a metal lifeboat!
"They were rescued by a Royal Navy destroyer half-way across the channel, and Bill wanted to go back to Dunkirk for more!"
"He'd never really talk about it while he was alive, I learnt all this from the men he led there.
"He never flinched at what he had to do, even though he'd seemingly given up realistic hope of getting out alive."
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There are increasing hopes in Washington and Beijing that an agreement to help resolve the US-China trade war could soon be in sight. But this is a rivalry between two superpowers that is about much more than just trade, it is one that spans economics, defence, culture and technology.
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By David GrossmanUS correspondent, BBC Newsnight
So what does the United States want from China - and what is the US endgame?
The short answer is the phase-one trade deal that President Trump and the Chinese Vice-Premier Liu He shook hands on in the Oval office last month. But tensions between the two countries go far deeper than just trade, and no one I've spoken to in Washington thinks that this outline deal will make much difference on its own.
There has been a pronounced negative shift in attitudes to China in the US in recent years, and it's important to realise that this shift predates Mr Trump's arrival in the White House.
"I think if you'd seen a Hillary Clinton presidency, or another Democrat or another Republican in 2016, you would have seen this sharp turn," says Daniel Kliman, a former senior adviser at the US defence department.
"There was a sense that our approach to China wasn't working," says Dr Kliman, now director of the Asia-Pacific Security Program at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS).
There are many reasons for this rise in tensions. The promised economic benefits of China joining the World Trade Organisation in 2001 never materialised, says Ray Bowen, who worked for the US government as an economic analyst from 2001 until 2018.
China never intended to play by the rules, he says. "It's more the case that China intended to join multilateral fora in order to begin to shift how multinational fora regulate global trade." In other words, China joined intending to change rather than be changed.
The result was a vast wave of job losses and factory closures in the US known as the "China shock". The so-called "rust belt states" that voted for President Trump in 2016 bore the brunt.
Many US companies moved production to China to take advantage of lower labour costs. However, according to Daniel Kliman there was a high price for companies moving to China: "China has forced them to hand over their technology, their intellectual property," he says.
And, even those companies that didn't relocate production found that China somehow got hold of their trade secrets. Law enforcement agencies in the US have a long list of charges against Chinese individuals and companies for spying and computer hacking.
The FBI's director, Christopher Wray, recently told US Congress that there are currently at least 1,000 current investigations into the theft of intellectual property from American firms that lead back to China.
The US government has estimated that the total value of intellectual property stolen by China in the four years to 2017 alone to be $1.2tn (£936bn).
According to Dean Cheng of the Heritage Foundation, a US conservative think tank, this is the primary reason relations between the US and China have soured.
"When companies are finding out that their patents are being rifled through, when their product is being reverse engineered, when their R&D processes are being hijacked, more and more companies concluded that partnering with China was not turning out to be profitable, and could actually be downright negative," he says.
From inside government, economic analyst Ray Bowen says he noticed the mood change in late 2015. People who had previously advocated engagement with China were now alarmed to see how fast China was catching up.
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At the same time in the Pentagon, Brig Gen Robert Spalding was leading a team of people trying to formulate a new national security strategy to deal with China's rise and influence. He has since left the military, and has written a book called "Stealth War, How China Took Over While America's Elite Slept".
When asked about the threat that China poses to US interests, Gen Spalding's reply is stark. "It's the most consequential existential threat since the Nazi party in World War Two.
"I think it's a far greater threat than the Soviet Union ever was. As the number two economy in the world, its reach, particularly into the governments and in all the institutions of the West, far exceeds what the Soviets could ever manage."
The result of Gen Spalding's work at the Pentagon was the National Security Strategy, published in December 2017. It's regarded as the lead document within government, designed to guide every department, and represents a profound shift in approach according to Bonnie Glaser, director of the China Power Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
"There has now been a movement away from the war on terror, and instead, competition among major powers has taken the place of terrorism as the major threat to the United States," she says.
The US defence department now believes that addressing the rise of China is one of the major military objectives of the United States in the coming decades. The speed with which China built, and then militarised, a string of artificial islands in the South China Sea in defiance of international law has alarmed many in Washington.
According to Dean Cheng, $5.3tn of trade passes through the area every year. "China's actions were in a sense an attempt to be able to cut the carotid artery of global trade," he says.
China has been very clear in its ambitions to lead the world in the important technologies of the future, like robotics and AI. "This is very core to the competition now," says Bonnie Glaser, "because if China were to succeed in these areas, then it probably would supplant the United States as the leading power in the world."
That is what is now at stake. America's military supremacy is based not on a huge standing army, but on high-tech weapons systems. If China takes the lead in these crucial technologies, then the US may not be able to keep up for long.
Daniel Kliman believes that the non-military technological race is also crucial. "Not only is China perfecting technologies for surveillance and censorship at home, but increasingly exporting these technologies as well as finance and knowhow abroad."
He believes the battle with what he calls "high tech authoritarianism" is one that will become more and more central to the conversation about China.
So, don't expect the US position on China to change in the near term, even if President Trump loses the coming election. The mood in Washington has changed.
The only real political conversation is not about whether to take on China but how best to do it. Many Democrats prefer engaging with allies against President Trump's unilateral approach. However, most Democrats know there are few votes to be had by advocating a softer China policy.
Rivals - America's Endgame, will be broadcast on BBC World News on Sat 9 November at 07:30 and 19:30 GMT and Sun 10 November at 11:30 and 16:30 GMT. It will be available to UK viewers on iPlayer from 17 November.
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When Parliament is sitting, the Daily Politics is on BBC2 from 1200-1300 on weekdays, with an 1130 start on Wednesdays for PMQs, and the Sunday Politics is on BBC1 from 1100-1215, occasionally moving for live sport events.
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Christmas recess
DP returns on Monday January 6 2014 - SP is back on January 12
More clips on our Facebook site
DP and SP Facebook site with more interviews and pictures
Wednesday December 18
2013 political stories: Thatcher, Syria and online porn
Olympic cyclist Chris Boardman's road safety call to PM
PMQs: Cameron suggests Ed Balls 'bye bye' hand gesture
PMQs: John McDonnell calls Cameron liar on Heathrow Airport
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on UK unemployment figures
PMQs review: Nick Robinson with MPs Bryant and Morgan
Tuesday December 17
Ban monkeys and apes as pets, says Mark Pritchard MP
Pensioners' Parliament call from Peter Bottomley MP
Actor David Schneider on MPs' appearance and uglyism
Political appearances debate: Schneider and Ferrari
Airport expansion: Goldsmith; Valentine and Burns
Monday December 16
Margaret Hodge on BBC pay-offs to senior managers
Political books: Keith Simpson MP's recommended reading
EU referendum: playing war games over UK future
Friday December 13
European week: Malta, Ukraine, fish and mobile phones
New German government attitude towards Cameron and UK
External Action Service: Cathy Ashton's EU ambassadors
2014 political bets: Scottish and UKIP election results
Prostitution: MEP calls to outlaw paying for sex in UK
Digital radio: switchover from FM and AM to DAB signals
Thursday December 12
Frank Field MP on child poverty and life chances
TV and newspaper journalists admit journalese phrases
Parliamentary beard contest: Corbyn, Spellar and Harris
Ipsa plans to give MPs 11% pay rise and cut expenses
MPs' salaries and Ipsa plan for Westminster pay rise
Wednesday December 11
Philip Hammond on Ministry of Defence (MoD) procurement
PMQs review: Landale and MPs on Cameron and Miliband
PMQs: Harris and Cameron on married couples' tax breaks
Cameron on selfie photo at Mandela memorial service
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on Ipsa and MPs' pay rise
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on cost of living standards
PMQs: Speaker tells Tom Blenkinsop MP to take up yoga
Christmas cards: Bloom's bongo drums and 'slut' cleaner
Air Passenger Duty (APD): UK has highest flights tax
Tuesday December 10
Programme cancelled to make way for coverage of Nelson Mandela memorial service
Monday December 9
MPs' pay rise: Mark Field, John Woodcock and Tom Brake
John Woodcock MP on depression and mental illness
Sunday December 8
Ed Miliband 'absolutely ruthless' says Diane Abbott
Sir Michael Wilshaw on standards in English schools
Autumn Statement: political reaction to Osborne speech
Friday December 6
Political week: Autumn Statement and Osborne's new dog
Mandela death: Paul Boateng on president's legacy
John Stuart Mill: Toby Young on philosopher's legacy
Tom Watson MP on 'embarrassing'' betting machine vote
Thursday December 5
Special index for Autumn Statement coverage
Wednesday December 4
PMQs: Clegg and Harman on energy and economic plans
PMQs: Clegg and Harman on energy prices and Labour 'con'
PMQs: Clegg and Harman attack economic policies
PMQs: Clegg 'staunch supporter' of HS2 high speed rail
PMQs: Kennedy and Clegg on coalition EU and Europe policy
PMQs: Landale on Nick Clegg and Harriet Harman clashes
Autumn Statement: Buzzword bets on Osborne speech words
Autumn Statement predictions for George Osborne speech
Police and crime commissioner on troubled families bid
Tuesday December 3
World War One: How should UK remember 1914-18 battles
World War One: Andrew Murrison and Sir Max Hastings
Tory MEP David Campbell Bannerman on UK-EU trade deal
Save our pub: Drinkers' powers to postpone conversion
Monday December 2
UK coalition advice from Germany, Ireland and Sweden
Minister Michael Fallon 'wrote letters to himself'
International aid: UK gives more money than other countries
Sunday December 1
Yvette Cooper on nightmare Ed Balls leaked email claim
Yvette Cooper on immigration, police and crime figures
Boris Johnson: What are prospects for Mayor of London?
Friday November 29
Author Thomas Paine praised by Lewes MP Norman Baker
Political week: RBS loans, Scotland, Boris and Movember
James Wharton: EU referendum bill making good progress
Thursday November 28
Parental leave policies from Conservative and Lib Dems
Movember MP Jake Berry 'looks like 1970s porn star'
Movember moustache MPs shaved: Woodcock and Williams
NHS Whistleblower Gary Walker on statutory code
Wednesday November 27
Bulgarian ambassador Konstantin Dimitrov on immigration
PMQs: Miliband on cost of living, Cameron on economy
PMQs: PM and Miliband on payday loans and winter deaths
PMQs: Cameron and Wishart on Scottish independence
PMQs: Cameron on Movember 'banditos' MPs in Commons
PMQ review: Winter deaths, green levies and energy prices
MasterChef winner Thomasina Miers on farm pigswill ban
Tuesday November 26
Road safety checks on London's cyclists and drivers
Scottish independence: Darling on Salmond referendum plan
Scottish independence: Swinney on Salmond referendum plan
Political speeches: Hannan, Farage, Kinnock, Howe, Cook, Hague
Monday November 25
HS2: Hybrid bill for London to Birmingham rail route
Ed Miliband's music on Radio 4's Desert Island Discs
Arts funding in austere times: public and private money
Sunday November 24
Co-op scandal: Labour's 'smear' response 'ludicrous'
Banking regulation: FSA to Financial Conduct Authority
FCA's Martin Wheatley on Paul Flowers and Co-Op Bank
Friday November 22
European week: Gibraltar, Strasbourg and bank accounts
European Union: How nations become EU members
EU taking action against airlines for flights delays
Estuary TV: first of new local telly stations launching
Thursday November 21
Barnett formula and council funding: Merrick Cockell
Politics of Doctor Who: Miners' strike and UK joins EEC
'We couldn't balance Liverpool's budget'
Wednesday November 20
TaxPayers' Alliance: Cut stamp duty to help property market
John Baron MP on government army and reservists plan
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on Flowers, Balls and Boles
PMQS: Cameron on Paul Flowers and Co-Op Bank inquiry
PMQs: Dodds and Cameron on NI terrorist amnesty plan
PMQs: Cameron on Hull named City of Culture
PMQs review: Nick Watt and MPs on Cameron and Miliband
PMQs: Cameron apologises to Meacher over drugs 'banter'
Tuesday November 19
2015 general election: social media and digital campaign
Women in business: MEPs consider quota laws for boards
Scottish independence: Swinney on IFS financial report
Monday November 18
Paul Sykes on backing UKIP to get EU referendum in UK
TV dragon Theo Paphitis on 'earning while learning'
IFS on financial challenges for independent Scotland
Sunday November 17
NHS England planning for extra winter pressures
Mark Pritchard to sue Daily Telegraph on Albania claims
Burnham on Ed Balls 'nightmare' claim in Labour email
Typhoon Haiyan: Greening on UK help for Philippines
Tuesday November 12
Gove suggests geography lessons for historian Hunt
Peter Bone explains what an MP does in recess
Borgen writer Adam Price: Danish drama success on BBC4
Monday November 11
Armed Forces Covenant: Support and help for servicemen
Sir John Major and social mobility: Pearce and Dorries
MP election candidates: Mitchell, Davis and Nawaz
Sunday November 10
The Sun's Page 3 topless women pictures - stay or go?
Harriet Harman: Sun's page three topless women pictures
Campaign for an English Parliament: Eddie Bone
Friday November 8
Political week: Universal Credit, Speaker and spies
Pubs open longer for England World Cup football games?
Alistair McGowan praises green economist E F Schumacher
Ex-political editor John Cole tribute: Nicholas Jones
EU Referendum bill: Martin Horwood and James Wharton
Thursday November 7
NHS spending priorities: deprived areas and pensioners
London School Atlas aims to help parents decide
Intelligence and Security Committee: Spies before MPs
Hodge: Universal Credit IT, deadlines and money wasted
UK interest rates, inflation and economy: David Buik
Kent Police and Crime Commissioner Ann Barnes' record
Wednesday November 6
BAE job losses at Portsmouth shipyard: Mike Hancock MP
BAE job losses at Portsmouth shipyard: Council leader Gerald Vernon-Jackson
PMQs review: Landale on Cameron v Miliband and NHS
School dinners 'by far the best option'
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on NHS and A&E services
PMQs: PM and Robertson on BAE shipyard job losses
PMQs: Speaker Bercow reminds Cameron to answer question
Tuesday November 5
Lucy Powell MP: Do you think I look like a politician?
Cold winter weather warning could help wind campaigners
Banking: current accounts and credit union loans
New York mayoral race: Rob Carolina on Bill de Blasio
Energy bills: Matthew Hancock on profit and competition
Monday November 4
Plebgate: Vaz on IPCC and police officers before MPs
Sexist politics: Harriett Baldwin and Fiona Mactaggart
EU Debate: CBI, Nigel Farage and French MP (Facebook link)
Sunday November 3
UK Muslims on challenging extremism and radicalisation
Muslim Council of Britain's Farooq Murad on veil issue
Unite's Len McCluskey warns Miliband of media 'traps'
Friday November 1
Karl Marx in London: Owen Jones on Marxism
Studio debate: Andrew Neil and Owen Jones (Facebook link)
Political week: energy, HS2, phone hacking and Red Ed
Football fans want more say in running of their clubs
Allister Heath on RBS plans for internal bad bank
Business for Britain: UK firms and the EU Single Market
Thursday October 31
EU toilet flushing water use advice: Bone and Bennett
Electoral Commission: Confusion over UK EU relations
EU referendum question change for James Wharton's bill
Labour 'still committed' to HS2 high speed rail plan
Energy UK's Angela Knight on changing energy supplier
Elderly and lonely: Reaction to Jeremy Hunt claims
Wednesday October 30
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on energy bills and policies
PMQs: Speaker tells Cameron PPS to nod and carry notes
PMQs: Cameron says Labour 'too weak' on HS2 rail plan
PMQs review of Cameron and Miliband on energy policies
EDL founder Tommy Robinson on Mo Ansar TV documentary
NHS charges: Hughes-Hallett on paying for health services
Cameron: 'Labour should reopen Falkirk inquiry'
Tuesday October 29
Mo Ansar on Tommy Robinson and EDL documentary
Jack Straw on Labour's Falkirk selection inquiry into Unite
Falkirk MP Eric Joyce: Labour must reopen Unite inquiry
MPs following parents into House of Commons
Monday October 28
London house prices and foreign investors buying homes
Russell Brand: Helen Lewis on New Statesman guest editor
'Mystic Ed' film reaction: Labour, Tory and Lib Dem MPs
Sunday October 27
EU summit: Cameron and leaders on UK taking back powers
Major windfall energy tax plan surprised Heseltine
Friday October 25
European week: Immigration, Turkey and Merkel's phone
College of Europe in Bruges: Home of Thatcher speech
European Parliament: Anti-EU political parties on rise
Economist: 'Decaying' Hull, Burnley and Middlesbrough
Northern cities' help: Daniel Knowles and Lord Prescott
Thursday October 24
Cabinet Office civil servants have email-free day
Simon Hughes: Lib Dem free school and education policy
Thatcher and Osborne economic plans for UK economy
Economic forecasts: Will Hutton and Liam Halligan
Wednesday October 23
PMQs review: Robinson on Cameron, Miliband and power bills
PMQs: Watson calls for fixed-odds betting machine ban
PMQs: Cameron on police and Miliband Plebgate apologies
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on Major and power bills
PMQs Con man jibe 'bit below the level' says Speaker
Solar energy plan in Constable Country: Brooks Newmark
Grangemouth unions 'conned' says Michael Connarty MP
Tuesday October 22
Go home vans 'failed' says David Blunkett
Plebgate: Mitchell should have kept job says Blunkett
Peter Wishart MP: Online piracy a threat to UK jobs
Blunkett on education secretary job and teachers
Health debate: Henry Smith and Clare Gerada
Monday October 21
Why did Bristol want elected mayor George Ferguson
Nuclear energy debate: Tom Greatrex and Angela Knight
Dunfermline by-election: Schools dominate campaign
Sunday October 20
Plegbate: Do police still enjoy public confidence?
Police trust debate: Carole Malone and Peter Kirkham
Eric Pickles MP cardboard cut-out travels around USA
Communities secretary Eric Pickles on council powers
Friday October 18
Political week: Boris, Clinton, US debt and 'plebgate'
Immigration: MPs and public opinion about immigrants
Worsthorne on Douglas Home's rise to PM
English and British identity: poll on St George's Day date
Thursday October 17
Government secrets: Classified and confidential terms
Scottish independence: Economic, debt and tax questions
SNP Conference: Sturgeon on independence campaign
Energy bills and prices: Greg Barker and Caroline Flint
Lord West court-martialed for losing government papers
Wednesday October 16
Deputy Speaker role: Seven Tory MPs stand in election
Drugs decriminalisation and law change call from peer
PMQs: Skinner on Atos work tests for disabled people
Andrew Mitchell owed 'plebgate' apology, says Cameron
PMQs: Cameron on England football team World Cup qualification
PMQs: Guardian harmed national security, says Cameron
PMQs: Robinson on Cameron, Miliband and cost of living
Tuesday October 15
Plebgate: Nick Robinson on Andrew Mitchell IPCC report
GM food: Goldsmith on Paterson 'wicked' golden rice claim
Deputy Speaker candidates: Binley, Dorries and Streeter
Deputy Speaker candidates: Amess and Bellingham
From TV to MP: McVey, Soubry, De Piero, Bell, Gove
Monday October 14
US shutdown could affect UK economy and global markets
Deputy Speaker candidates Eleanor Laing and Simon Burns
Traveller site plans for South Downs site near Brighton
Sunday October 13
Abbott: Mayor of London campaign and This Week role
Scottish independence: Carmichael on Cameron TV debate
Twitter role in reshuffles of cabinet and Labour shadows
Friday October 11
European week: fracking, Lampedusa and Malala Yousafzai
Europol crime agency: drugs and counterfeit bank notes
Cigarettes: EU rules to curb tobacco sales to teenagers
Plaid Cymru conference: planning election campaign
Plaid Cymru conference: Leanne Wood on 2016 elections
Thursday October 10
British roads and 194,000 potholes for drivers to avoid
Royal Mail shares: Forsyth on post privatisation price
Political jargon: What George Osborne and Ed Balls mean
Westminster dog of the year winners: Noodle and Brodie
UK farms: Migrant workers picking fruit and vegetables
Wednesday October 9
'Go home or face arrest' vans debate: Green and Khan
Freedom of Information Act 'should be for private firms too'
Freedom of Information Act extended to private firms?
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband clash on energy prices
PMQs: Cameron congratulates Higgs for Nobel prize
PMQs: Cameron on BBC-ICM council cuts and services poll
PMQs: Cameron on birthday treats from Labour
PMQs review: Landale on Cameron and Miliband questions
E-borders: John Vine on customs and police check report
Tuesday October 8
Nuclear power support from former sceptic Mark Lynas
Nuclear power debate: Mark Lynas and Jenny Jones
Andrew Lansley on Lobbying Bill and its critics
Green party peer Jenny Jones: I wish I had been elected
Fracking arguments: Jenny Jones and IGAS' Andrew Austin
Monday October 7
Reshuffle: Hazel Blears in field of cows when PM called
Royal Mail sell-off: David Buik on share prices
NHS and health issues for voters at 2015 election
Tory James Wharton on Adam Afriyie EU referendum bill
Sunday October 6
UKIP: Godfrey Bloom MEP to rejoin former party?
Help to Buy housing scheme to help people get mortgages
Help to Buy debate: Margot James MP and Allister Heath
Friday October 4
Political week: Cameron, Miliband, Farage and Boris
Ex-editor Neil Wallis on Daily Mail Ed Miliband coverage
Nicky Clarke on chancellor George Osborne's new haircut
Planning changes: reaction to A21 road scheme for Kent
University student numbers rise despite higher fees in England
Thursday October 3
Raspberry Pi: Teaching computer program and coding skills
Treasury Minister Sajid Javid on Help to Buy scheme
UKIP: Amjad Bashir on Heseltine and media racist claims
Times' cartoonist Peter Brookes on Cameron and Clegg
Wednesday October 2
Gove defends free press over Daily Mail's Miliband story
Conservative conference: David Cameron's full speech
Heseltine warns Tories on links to 'racist' UKIP
Tory conference: Cameron for HS2 north south rail line
Conservative conference: Cameron on Russia and vodka
PM on Labour and Conservative NHS policies and spending
Cameron tells Tories of 'Red Ed and Blue Peter economy'
Conservative conference: We are on our way, says Cameron
PM on lower taxes to attract global companies
Tory and Cameron year review from ConservativeHome
Tuesday October 1
Duncan Smith on book claim that Osborne thinks he is 'thick'
Duncan Smith on work programme, benefits and sanctions
HS2 high speed rail views from Conservative conference
Tory Conference: Johnson jokes about being MP and mayor
Boris Johnson's call to 'yellow Lib Dem albatross'
Neil Hamilton: UKIP election strategy and no Tory pact
Conservative conference: Campbell on alcohol pricing
Monday September 30
Better Conservative leader: Cameron or Thatcher?
Shapps: No joint Conservative UKIP election candidates
George Osborne: 'No-one will get something for nothing'
Conservative conference: Osborne on Labour and Lib Dems
Conservative conference: Osborne 'to freeze fuel duty'
Conservative conference: Osborne on HS2 jobs and prosperity
Sunday September 29
Conservative conference: UKIP links and Cameron survey
Caroline Flint: Labour plans for trusted energy market
Flint: Labour plans for energy market and lower bills
Hague on Iran's nuclear plans and Syria's chemical weapons
UKIP-Tory electoral pact not on agenda says Diane James
Friday September 27
Political week: Miliband speech, HS2, Prescott and Dale
Boris Johnson MP? Mayor linked to Croydon South seat
UK Energy Research Centre on power bills and tax rates
Climate change debate: Matt Ridley and Greg Barker
Strike threat to Chris Grayling's probation plans
Thursday September 26
Labour conference: Socialism or capitalism choice
United Nations: calls for reforms and returning powers
Audit Commission figures on council tax and charges
Sir Merrick Cockell on council funding, fees and charges
Rural broadband: Dave Reynolds on fast internet service
Wednesday September 25
Labour conference: delegates on HS2 high speed rail bid
Labour conference: Letts reviews Ed Miliband's week
Labour conference: Cooper on crime figures and PCC role
Energy UK reacts to Labour's utility bills freeze plan
Cridland on Labour's economic plans and minimum wage
Tuesday September 24
LabourList's Mark Ferguson reviews Miliband's year
Labour delegates asked: Buy or bin Damian McBride book?
Labour conference: Khan on new homes and council powers
Damian McBride on book claims from Gordon Brown era
Tory MP Alun Cairns reports Damian McBride to police
Labour conference: Ed Miliband's full speech
Labour conference: Ed Miliband speech delights supporters
Monday September 23
Labour conference: Balls or Darling for next chancellor?
Labour conference: Jim Murphy on defence policies
Labour conference: Alexander on UK's international role
HS2: Ed Balls says no blank cheque for high speed rail
Charlie Whelan on Damian McBride smears and book claims
Sunday September 22
Labour conference: Miliband, unions and Labour survey
Rachel Reeves on Labour "wraparound" care plan costs
Labour conference: Rachel Reeves on Miliband leadership
Grant Shapps on Vince Cable Tory ugly politics comments
Grant Shapps on Tory and Liberal Democrat policies
Alastair Campbell on Damian McBride briefings and claims
Friday September 20
Political week: Lib Dems, veils, lunches and ring tones
UKIP conference on party's 20th anniversary
UKIP conference: Nuttall on MEP candidate selections
MEP Mike Nattrass on leaving UKIP and Farage
Farage: UKIP can win Europe poll and cause 'earthquake'
Hilary Benn on Damian McBride claims from Gordon Brown era
Thursday September 19
Archive of Labour, Tory and Lib Dem party conferences
Lib Dem blogger pledge 'to run naked down Whitehall'
Football fans chanting 'yid': Aaronovitch and Schneider
Wednesday September 18
Quentin Letts reviews Lib Dem conference week
Nick Clegg tells Lib Dems: We're no-one's little brother
Lib Dem conference: Clegg on Labour and Conservatives
Lib Dem conference: Clegg recalls setting up coalition
Nick Clegg: 'Our place is in government again'
Scottish independence: Michael Moore on devolution vote
Scottish independence: Nicola Sturgeon on devolution vote
Reviewing Lib Dem and Clegg year with Stephen Tall
Lib Dem conference: Views on economy, Osborne and Cable
Tuesday September 17
Lib Dem conference: Cable and Alexander poll on economy
Lib Dem conference: delegates on UK role in Syria
Syria: Ashdown says armed action option must remain
Liberal Democrats and lack of women MPs in Westminster
EU referendum in UK: Susan Kramer and Mark Pritchard
Monday September 16
Lib Dem conference: Vince Cable attacks Conservatives
Lib Dem conference: Clegg on banking and housing
Lib Dem conference: mood box vote on Labour or Conservative
Energy Secretary Ed Davey learns danger of wind power
Lib Dem conference: Davey on nuclear power U-turn
Lib Dem email leak: Jeremy Browne on interview advice
Sunday September 15
Lib Dem conference: Cable preferred as next party leader
Lib Dem conference: Paddy Ashdown on survey results
Paddy Ashdown on Lib Dem polling and party conference
Royal Mail sell-off: Chuka Umunna on Labour policy
Labour's Chuka Umunna on economy and housing market
Friday September 13
Political week: Boris loses temper, Royal Mail sell-off
UKIP founder Alan Sked launches New Deal party
How Green Party runs Brighton and Hove City Council
Green conference: Caroline Lucas on European elections
Zero-hours contract for workers explained by economist
Thursday September 12
UK security services scrutinised by MPs and public
Galloway warns BBC over Syria coverage and licence fee
Syria and chemical weapons: Galloway and Neville-Jones
Callanan and Farage on Barroso Tory UKIP predictions
Wednesday September 11
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on unemployment figures
PMQs: Miliband and Cameron on Gove food bank comments
Galloway: Parliament 'vindicated on Syria'
PMQs review: Cameron and Miliband questions and answers
Simon Callow on Russian Olympic boycott and gay rights
Russia gay laws debate: Callow, Hoban and Leslie
Edwina Currie on liver and the House of Lords menu
Tuesday September 10
Licensing raids reveal overcrowded homes and bed bugs
Gibraltar Day: Rock's relations with UK and Spain
Assad "will continue to slaughter' says Tory MP Brooks Newmark
Miliband TUC speech: Union reaction from Unison and GMB
Monday September 9
Diane Abbott on Miliband and Falkirk union questions
Syria vote could leave Obama 'lame duck president'
MP fears Labour 'financial meltdown' over union links
TUC's Frances O'Grady on party funding and union links
Friday September 6
European Court of Justice where judges rule on EU laws
European week: Gibraltar, defence and German elections
Australia election: Pundits on Rudd and Abbott campaigns
Syria: European reaction on possible military action
Daily political emails with Westminster news and spin
Thursday September 5
Syria: Liam Fox on Syria vote and Cameron in G20 talks
Syria: Liam Fox and Peter Hain on UK and G20 reaction
Three London councils working together and saving money
Cockell on council and local government budgets and cuts
Wednesday September 4
Rebel MP Philip Hollobone MP on voting record
PMQs: Cameron v Miliband reviewed by Robinson and MPs
PMQs: Cameron quizzed on lobbying by Margaret Beckett
PMQs: Sacked Jesse Norman quizzes PM on cancer care
Cameron quizzed on Syria diplomacy by Miliband at PMQs
PMQs Cameron teases Labour front bench over possible U-turn
David Cameron defends 'robust' school uniform policies
PMQs: Cameron on Elvis and Miliband poll ratings
Tuesday September 3
Political tour of Scotland's monuments and landmarks
Lobbying Bill: Unlock Democracy and Tom Brake MP
Clothes reveal political party support and votes?
Nuisance calls: Direct Marketing Association on TPS service
Monday September 2
Richard Drax MP tours Dorset South seat on motorbike
HS2 high speed rail costs: Gillan, Campbell and Jowell
Syria: Cameron or Miliband right on military action?
Thursday August 29
Daily Politics special for Syria debate
Key quotes: Syria debate
Wednesday July 17
Heathrow Airport chief executive on third runway bid
PMQs noise levels tested by Alun Cairns and Tessa Munt
PMQs: Robinson on Crosby, cigarette packs and lobbying
PMQs: Cat noises and scratches for Cheryl Gillan MP
PMQs: Flynn asks Cameron about questions and answers
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on Crosby and lobbying
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on nursing numbers
Tuesday July 16
UK defence and Trident: Penny Mordaunt and Nick Harvey
UK leaving EU? Lawson on prize for essay competition
UK and EU relations as seen by leading politicians
Why ice cream vans chime time rules are being relaxed
Nuisance phone calls and text action wanted by MP
Monday July 15
Sexism in British media - in newspapers and on TV
Page three and sexism: Caroline Lucas and Neil Wallis
Duchy of Cornwall tax affairs questioned by Republic
Forty Forty Conservative plan explained by James Morris MP
Sunday July 14
Party funding changes after union claims in Falkirk selection
Party funding: Patrick McLoughlin and Angela Eagle
Ed Davey: Climate science is incredibly complicated
Climate change: Ed Davey on science and energy policies
Friday July 12
Cambridge cycling: one in three journeys is on a bike
Bee decline: European Commission's pesticide ban
Moon landings, space debris and national park plan
Political week: Unions funding Labour, G4S and MPs' pay
Thursday July 11
Margaret Hodge on Fraud Office G4S investigation
Electronic cigarette controls: Stephen Williams and Amish Badiani
Eric Pickles: Immigrants must learn to speak English
Daily Politics mood box: public view of MP salary rises
Downing Street and TV politics: voice of Paul Lambert
Wednesday July 10
Put the legal profession in the dock, says Ross Clark
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on hedge fund and party donations
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on party funding and unions
PMQs: Lee Rigby tributes from Nuttall and Cameron
PMQs review: Robison on Cameron, Miliband and Bercow
David Cameron makes Wimbledon gaffe in Andy Murray tribute at PMQs
PMQs review: Robison on Cameron, Miliband and Bercow
Royal Mail: CWU Billy Hayes on postal privatisation
Tuesday July 9
Reflecting on the Margaret Thatcher years
Is all political propaganda bad?
David Lammy MP: 'Housing shortage is causing poverty'
Monday July 8
House of Commons 'bullying' towards Julian Huppert MP
Welfare changes and benefit for pensioners
Andy Murray win for UK or Scotland: Keith Brown and Mark Pritchard
Sunday July 7
UKIP: survey on Tory links, climate change and death penalty
Farage on UKIP and Conservative support and policies
Chris Grayling on UKIP election threat to Conservatives
Friday July 5
Diane Abbott on Miliband, Watson and union claims
US-European spying: reaction to Snowden EU bug claims
EU referendum: David Lidington on James Wharton bill
Schengen Agreement: Passports and European travel
European week: Croatia, Portugal and Marine Le Pen
Thursday July 4
Speaker Bercow deals with MPs in House of Commons
Tory MPs to attend Wharton EU Referendum Bill debate
Connie Hedegaard on CO2 and EU emissions trading scheme
Immigration salary debate: Mark Harper and Keith Vaz
Iran and a nuclear bomb: Jack Straw and Melanie Phillips
Wednesday July 3
24-hour NHS hospital care plan 'irresponsible' - Tallis
NHS 24-hour service: Dr Dan Poulter and Raymond Tallis
Speaker: PMQs Falkirk question 'complete waste of time'
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on schools and Unite union
PMQs: Cameron reminds Robinson of Mandelson loan
PMQs review: Robinson on Cameron Miliband and McCluskey
EU Referendum: Labour MP John Cryer backs Europe vote
Labour told to leave Owen Jones alone, says Dan Hodges
Tuesday July 2
Adam Afriyie MP: Business is a force for good
MPs in posh burger test: Murray, Birtwistle and Bone
Payday lending rates: Julio Martino and Stella Creasy
Unemployment benefit changes: Owen Jones and Simon Danczuk
MPs on planned pay rise: Clegg, Shapps, Davis and Cable
Council and local authority funding: Sir Merrick Cockell
Blunkett on Labour Falkirk selection and Unite claims
Monday July 1
MPs pay rise: Tory David Davis on IPSA recommendations
Trust in police: Hillsborough, Lawrence and 'plebgate'
Trust in police officers: David Davis MP and John Apter
Sunday June 30
Power cuts: Fallon on blackouts and new power plants
Labour candidate selection and union action in Falkirk
Friday June 28
Mortgage and interest rises to come: Merryn Somerset Webb
NHS Wales and health services in England compared
Political week: Spending Review, burger and Gillard
Thursday June 27
Spending Review: views of Ed Balls and George Osborne
Wednesday June 26
BBC Spending Review index
Spending Review UK economy in graphs and statistics
Spending Review: Which departments face biggest cuts?
Spending Review: Osborne announces council tax freeze to continue
Spending Review: Defence and intelligence budgets
Osborne opens Spending Review: From rescue to recovery
Spending Review: Winter fuel payment ends in warm countries
Spending review: Headlines from George Osborne's speech
Welfare cap, winter fuel payments and English lessons
Spending Review: Ed Balls says 'living standards falling'
Spending Review: BBC editors give their verdict
Tuesday June 25
HS2 rail plan economic claims examined by think tank
HS2 rail debate: MPs Cheryl Gillan and Stuart Andrew
Spending Review: Residents take over council services
Chancellor's Spending Review and cuts to budgets
Louise Cooper on mortgages, bond markets and base rates
Monday June 24
MP inquiry call over Stephen Lawrence police claims
Power of Information: faster access to health records?
Sunday June 23
Housing benefit changes and how one man downsized
NUT's Christine Blower on pay and sacking teachers
Friday June 21
Jacob Hacker on predistribution and Cameron PMQ jibe
UFO and life on other planets: Lembit Opik and David Clarke
Sunder Katwala on immigration from the West Indies
Political week: G8, GM and George 'Jeffrey' Osborne
Thursday June 20
Dr Sarah Wollaston on open primary candidate selection
Private Members' Bills: Caroline Spelman and Bill Cash
Paterson: GM food is 'no strange new spooky innovation'
Westminster political whips: Mitchell, Taylor and Dobbs
Wednesday June 19
Publish all drug trial results, says Dr Ben Goldcacre
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on banking and bonuses
PMQs: Speaker Bercow intervenes to stop Cameron answer
PMQs: Lucas and Cameron on Sun and page three pictures
PMQs: Skinner asks Cameron about mortgage payments
David Cameron praises G8 pledge for Syria
Ian Livingston to leave BT to become trade minister
PMQs review with Nick Robinson on banking questions
Tuesday June 18
Churchill, Thatcher and their psychopathic tendencies?
Vince Cable advised about smaller firms and apprentices
Brandon Lewis on councils and local government spending
Health and social care: Chris Ham and Norman Lamb
Monday June 17
Blears on unpaid internships to help young find work
G8 meeting - legacy of past gathering of world leaders
MP wants nine Whitehall departments merged or closed
Sunday June 16
G8 meeting in Fermanagh: Charlie Wolf and Owen Jones
EDL leader Tommy Robinson on convictions and Muslims
Friday June 14
European week: Turkey, Greece, and French films
English museums could close or bring back entry fees
Arts funding: Ex-ballerina Deborah Bull on financing
Rapporteur role for MEPs in European Parliament
Next EU Commission president depends on 2014 elections
Thursday June 13
Ministerial driver on day Thatcher left Downing Street
Southern Europe out of euro says Alternative For Germany
Turkey protest: role of MEPs and Turkish bid to join EU
House of Lords reform: Lord Strathclyde and Ben Stoneham
Wednesday June 12
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on unemployment figures
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on Syria and arming rebels
PMQs review: Nick Robinson, Douglas Alexander and Lord Howard
NHS payments: Steve Barclay on Sir David Nicholson
Tug of war between MPs and peers in charity match
UKIP councillor Suzanne Evans on why UK must leave EU
EU referendum: Lord Howard and Douglas Alexander
Tuesday June 11
Succession rules for aristocratic sons and daughters
Succession rules: Mary Macleod and Charles Mosley
Austerity and health: David Stuckler and Mark Littlewood
Ann Widdecombe on 1992 general election result
Monday June 10
Security and email claims: Lord West and Dominic Raab
Disability payments: Eustice. McGovern and Burt
Conspiracy theories with Kelvin MacKenzie
Sunday June 9
Bilderberg: Protesters and conspiracy theory in Watford
Bilderberg: Ed Balls on business meeting in Watford
Ed Balls on Labour economic policy and welfare changes
'Shock jock' disrupts BBC's Sunday Politics show
Friday June 7
Political week: Lobbying, Labour on benefits and gay marriage
Motorway speed limit may not rise from 70mph to 80mph
Syria: Julian Lewis on arming rebels and Parliament vote
Casualty waiting times: Ruth Thorlby on PMQs claims
Thursday June 6
Jacqui Smith on life with paparazzi outside her home
Westminster photographers and political life on camera
Michael Ignatieff on UKIP, Labour and Mark Carney
Bilderberg: Political and banking leaders in Watford
Wednesday June 5
Recall powers: Zac Goldsmith against government plans
PMQs: Cameron taunts Labour over EU referendum position
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on NHS and A&E services
PMQs: 'No decision to arm Syrian rebels'
PMQs: Labour on 'policy-altering substances' says David Cameron
PMQs review on NHS figures and casualty waiting times
Daily Politics soapbox: Pensions an issue for old and young
Tuesday June 4
Ed Davey on energy bill and government carbon target
Energy bill: Tim Yeo calls for UK carbon target
EU: Kate Hoey on Labour for a Referendum group launch
Occupy protester Alison Playford on direct action
Scenes of direct action protests in the news
Ministry of Justice proposes legal aid changes
Monday June 3
Can happiness affect children's health and education?
Police commissioners - six months after elections
Sunday June 2
MPs' expenses and the role of Ipsa which handles claims
Nadine Dorries on Ipsa, expenses and nurses' home for MPs
Jim Murphy on lobby claims from Labour peers to journalists
Sir Alistair Graham on MP and Lords lobbying claims
Francis Maude to cut civil service and marketing costs
Maude: Lobbying, MP recall powers and snoopers charter
Tuesday May 21
Political defections: MPs and councillors changing parties
Mentoring and New Enterprise Allowance: Levi Roots and Mark Hoban
2010 general election: Tory, Labour and Lib Dem talks
Legal aid: Solicitors on government court proposals
Same Sex Marriage Bill debate: Miller, Woodward, Loughton, Herbert, Howarth
Monday May 20
Gas and electricity: Simpler tariffs but higher bills?
Martin Lewis on Amazon, Google and Starbucks UK taxes
EU benefits and costs: UKIP and Business for New Europe
Gay marriage: David Burrowes, Nick Herbert and Andrew Harrop
Sunday May 19
Danny Alexander on EU referendum, euro and olive oil
Tories and UKIP pact: Peter Bone and Nadine Dorries
Friday May 17
Civil partnerships for straight couples - Tim Loughton MP
Luxembourg: European Union's third admin city
European week: budget, fishing, oil market and strikes
Free school: Hove v Gove battle in Sussex town
European plan for economic recovery and austerity debate
Thursday May 16
James Wharton on draft bill for EU referendum in UK
Lord Lawson on UK leaving EU, and Tory referendum vote
2015 general election: Labour and Miliband polling
Diane Abbott on masculinity and role of men in society
MEPs' reaction to UK EU referendum call (Facebook link)
Wednesday May 15
PMQs review: Clegg, Harman and European referendum call
PMQs: Clegg asked about Lisbon Treaty EU referendum call
PMQs: Harman questions Cameron absence from Westminster
PMQs: Clegg and Harman on unemployment figures
Boris Johnson on Queen's Speech bid for EU referendum
Boris Johnson on London funding and tax changes
Prof Heinz Wolff: Care4Care scheme helping older people
Tuesday May 14
Gay marriage referendum call from David Burrowes MP
MPs and ministers booed and heckled at conferences
MPs rebelling and voting against government more
Monday May 13
NHS England: GP funding and privatisation claims
NHS changes and privatisation claims: Gerada and Skidmore
Clegg party leadership: Kennedy on Gove 'mischief'
EU referendum: Tories and UKIP to run joint candidates?
EU referendum and Queen's Speech: Bone, Farage and Reynolds
Sunday May 12
Help to Buy: first-time buyers on the property ladder
Philp Hammond on EU referendum, defence budget and cuts
Friday May 10
EU referendum: Tory MPs table Queen's Speech amendment
UK business links with China amid human rights concerns
Political week: Queen Speech, Dorries and childminders
Thursday May 9
Labour Party and union-backed MPs and MEP candidates?
Local Government Association on council funding and cuts
UKIP's Paul Nuttall on Nadine Dorries defecting talks
Queen's Speech: Nuttall on Tory panic and EU referendum
Wednesday May 8
No programme due to the State Opening of Parliament
Tuesday May 7
Queen's Speech plans for government legislation
Royal Mail privatisation: Alan Johnson and Vince Cable
Food protection and origin for pies, cheeses and wines
Stilton cheese cannot be made in Cambridgeshire village of same name
Protecting UK in internet age after Communications Data Bill veto
Data Bill: Lord Carlile on Clegg and Lib Dem actions
Sunday May 5
Sadiq Khan: Labour was 'hollowed out' during years in power
Friday May 3
No DP today, with extended local election coverage on BBC2
Vote 2013 on BBC2: 60-min programmes from 1200, 1400 and 1700
BBC Vote 2013 index
Thursday May 2
Local elections: Huw Edwards and Andrew Neil on timings
Kelvin MacKenzie claims London supports rest of UK
North south claims: Kelvin MacKenzie and Mike Smith
Wednesday May 1
Political predictions: Nate Silver's foxes and hedgehogs
Economy and austerity: Sajid Javid and Stephen Timms
Political predictions: Nate Silver's foxes and hedgehogs
US pollster Nate Silver on UK and US election results
Tuesday April 30
MP calls for pricing and food information for shoppers
Community resolutions not for violent crimes says Khan
Ashdown: Allow Afghan interpreters to settle in UK
Eton school old boys: politicians in public service
Monday April 29
Local elections: candidates for Somerset Castle Cary seat
Local elections: Tory and UKIP on clown candidate claims
Sunday April 28
Local elections: Green and UKIP bid for Sussex votes
Local elections: UKIP's Paul Nuttall and Green Caroline Lucas
Clegg on Duncan Smith call for rich to return welfare
Sunday interview in full: Nick Clegg
Friday April 26
Political week: Economy, cycling, data bill, May and Reckless
Rich politicians: Times lists wealthy MPs and peers
Local elections: Nottinghamshire candidates on doorstep
Thursday April 25
Olympic cyclist Chris Boardman calls for road changes
Transport Minister Norman Baker: Cycle helmet and safety
GDP: Ed Balls on UK economy and US stimulus lessons
GDP: Danny Alexander on coalition economic policies
Prorogue in Parliament: Peers and MPs leave till Queen's Speech
Wednesday April 24
Farage: Romanian crime epidemic in London and UK cities
Nigel Farage MEP visited lap dance club in Strasbourg
PMQs: Robinson reviews Cameron v Miliband health questions
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on NHS waits and spending
Tanni Grey-Thompson: 'Was the Prime Minister consulted?'
Poet Motion: house building, Green Belt and countryside
House building and Green Belt protection: Motion, Harper and Smith
Tuesday April 23
FA Cup Final must have 3pm kick-off says John Leech MP
Baroness Warsi on Islamophobia and Muslim attacks
English Democrats: Robin Tilbrook on ex-BNP members
Charles Moore on authorised Margaret Thatcher biography
What currency could an independent Scotland use?
Monday April 22
Rail franchises: nationalisation vs privatisation calls
Rail privatisation: Christian Wolmar and Tony Lodge
London Marathon MPs: Nicky Morgan and Jim Murphy
MPs on workload and hours after Margaret Hodge comments
Immigration from Romania and Bulgaria: Stewart Jackson MP
Sunday April 21
Hilary Benn on Labour and coalition economic plans
Friday April 19
Local elections 2013: Natalie Bennett on Green launch
Local elections 2013: Bob Neill on Conservative launch
EU treaties: inside European archives in Brussels
EU plans to cut carbon emissions stalls after MEPs vote
European week: budget, airports, banks and Croatia
Tory privatisations: Redwood on convincing Thatcher
Thursday April 18
Food bank use rising with benefit changes says charity
Political leaders: Churchill, Thatcher and Blair
Margaret Beckett on time as Labour's acting leader
Miliband and Blair: Dan Hodges, Andrew Harrop and Iain Dale
Wednesday April 17
No programme (Lady Thatcher's funeral)
Tuesday April 16
Which revolt will social media cover next?
Planning restriction changes for England debated
MP 'delighted' at circus wild animal ban
Monday April 15
Public reaction to benefit changes and welfare cuts
Galloway anger at Thatcher funeral and cancelling PMQs
Thatcher funeral: Bernard Jenkin on protests and legacy
Local elections for council seats in England and Wales
Sunday April 14
Grant Shapps on polls, welfare, Cameron and Thatcher
Wednesday April 10
David Cameron's tribute to Margaret Thatcher in Commons
Labour's Ed Miliband: 'Margaret Thatcher broke the mould'
Baroness Thatcher tributes from peers in House of Lords
Margaret Thatcher highlights from the Commons
Mark Thatcher speaks of his sadness at his mother's death
Tuesday March 26
1963 Beeching Axe hit railway lines and rural stations
Beeching and rail franchising: Simon Burns and Christian Wolmar
Stafford Hospital debate: Julie Bailey and Jeremy Lefroy (Facebook link)
Cyprus debate: Lord Lamont and Prof Iain Begg (Facebook link)
Monday March 25
Free schools: Langley Hall report after two years
Boris Johnson: Michael Cockerell on mayor documentary
Debate: Devolution and the future of the UK (Facebook link)
Immigration debate (Facebook link)
Sunday March 24
OBR chairman Robert Chote explains economic forecasts
Fracking for shale gas: US energy model to help UK?
Friday March 22
Political week: Leveson, Budget and new Archbishop
Keith Vaz on Nick Clegg immigration 'security bonds'
Benefit changes for disabled people and social housing tenants
Margaret Thatcher papers over Falklands published
Margaret Thatcher papers: Conor Burns interview (Facebook link)
Thursday March 21
Scottish independence: Nicola Sturgeon on vote date
Budget 2013: Osborne in right or wrong direction?
Budget 2013: Deputy Speaker on MPs at chancellor speech
Budget 2013: Pollsters react to Osborne and Balls
Wednesday March 20
BBC Budget index
Tuesday March 19
Budget 2013: Cuts or borrowing message to Osborne
House of Commons TV and film replica set up for sale
PM leadership challenge threat from Tory backbenchers?
NHS whistleblowers Gary Walker and David Bowles before MPs
Monday March 18
Budget 2013: Advice for chancellor ahead of speech
Budget 2013: Allister Heath on Osborne economic plans
Thatcher legacy: Archive for former Tory prime minister
Margaret Thatcher: what Mitterrand asked Shephard
Sunday March 17
Adam Afriyie on Conservative Party leadership reports
Friday March 15
'Vichy' tag for Conservatives from UKIP's Godfrey Bloom
EU single market: French liquor and trade barriers
European week: budget, airline rules and animal testing
EU expansion: why more countries want to join the union
Thursday March 14
MPs Tessa Munt and Therese Coffey locked in Commons
Leveson: A free press is vile, says Peter Lilley MP
Civil servants and ministers at war in Westminster?
Civil servants and ministers: Herbert and O'Donnell
Lord O'Donnell on working with Steve Hilton at No 10
EU budget rejected: Richard Ashworth and Jan Mulder MEPs
Wednesday March 13
Leveson: Hugh Grant on Cameron and press Royal Charter
PMQs: Wollaston and Cameron on alcohol prices in shops
PMQs: Miliband brewery joke on alcohol pricing policy
PMQs: PM urged to look at knife crime
PMQs review: Nick Robinson on Cameron and Miliband joke
Professor Heinz Wolff on Britain's record on inventions
National Apprenticeship Week: Boss on finding young workers
National Apprenticeship Week: National database call
Tuesday March 12
Inflation basket: Peter Stringfellow tested on shopping costs
Trident submarine-launched missiles: For and against
Votes for 16 and 17-year-olds: public give their views
Falklands referendum: UK Foreign Office minister on result
Falklands referendum: George Galloway and Lord Hennessy
School drug and alcohol education: Winehouse and Crouch
Monday March 11
Housing benefit: Bedroom tax or spare room subsidy?
Housing benefit changes: Campbell Robb and Jake Berry
Budget 2013: Build houses, says CBI's John Cridland
Budget 2013: Willetts on spending and Thatcher taxes
Sunday March 10
Local TV: Andy Crane on new North West England stations
Journalist Isabel Oakeshott defends Vicky Pryce article
Army on N Ireland streets 'inconceivable' says Villiers
Friday March 8
Political week: NHS, Vince Cable and Theresa May
Conservatives polls and 2015 general election planning
Socialist Workers' Party conference over sex claims
Rosindell on Falklands Islands referendum and Argentina
Thursday March 7
MPs in fashion: Johnson, Thatcher, Hague, Blair, Davis
MPs' Margaret Thatcher slippers and Lib Dem waistcoats
10p tax rate call from Conservative MP Robert Halfon
Bank Of England hints at negative interest rates
Cooper on immigration: Labour got some things wrong
Wednesday March 6
PMQs: Cameron urged to sack NHS boss David Nicholson
PMQs: Miliband suggests May as next Conservative leader
PMQs: Cameron on banking bonuses and 'bedroom tax'
'Under-occupancy charge is not a tax' says PM
Lib Dem MP Bob Russell's yellow waistcoat admired in Commons
PMQs review: Nick Robinson on 'bedroom tax' and 'croupier' phrases
Preston Bus Station landmark to be spared demolition?
Tuesday March 5
Iraq 10 years on: Lessons from history for politicians
This House: Work of 1970s government whips on stage
Whips: Ann Taylor, Brooks Newmark and Baroness Neuberger
Living on £1 a day: Jack McConnell on going hungry
Monday March 4
Rebel MPs? Douglas Carswell, Margaret Hodge and Robert Halfon
Police Federation on industrial action vote figures
Damian Green on police strike and industrial action vote
Thatcher statue: Conservative oppose Grantham plan
Arts funding: Philip Booth on government culture money
Arts funding: Jude Kelly on ticket prices and arts subsidies
Sunday March 3
Vince Cable: Nick Clegg and Liberal Democrat leadership
Vince Cable: Spending, Trident, Rennard and women MPs
Gove plans to change school history teaching in England
Friday March 1
UKIP's Nigel Farage on Eastleigh and European elections
BBC waste: MP on bill to reveal spending and receipts
How by-elections campaigns have made headlines
Political week: AAA credit rating, Boris and 'jellies'
Thursday February 28
Can new motorway services drive an economic recovery?
Phill Jupitus on playing Conservative in Coalition play
Mark Harper: UK immigration figures and policy changes
Sir Don McKinnon: Commonwealth 'good investment' for UK
Wednesday February 27
Karel de Gucht: UK's EU membership 'not a free lunch'
EU integration Sophie in 't Veld, Roger Helmer, Glenis Willmott, David Davis
PMQs: Blears asks Cameron about 'soaring energy bills'
PMQs: Cameron quizzed on NHS privatisation pledge
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on AAA rating and economy
PMQs: Speaker Bercow on Cameron help to silence Bryant
Reviewing PMQs economy exchanges on the Daily Politics
Tuesday February 26
QE: what is quantitative easing and how it should work
Bob Servant actor Brian Cox: English and Scottish independence
Conservative polling: Rick Nye and Peter Bone MP
US election David Frum on lessons from UK Conservatives
Birmingham City Council cutting budget for youth services
Monday February 25
Eastleigh by-election: candidates name soap characters
Young William Hague and Charles Kennedy enter politics
Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall on Westminster fish 'march'
Mark Littlewood on Lord Rennard sex allegations
Sunday February 24
Eastleigh by-election candidates from smaller parties
Sunday February 17
Eastleigh by election: Grant Shapps on Maria Hutchings
Mansion tax and 10p tax: Labour trusted with economy?
Eastleigh by election: John O'Farrell Thatcher comments
Sadiq Khan on economy and jail sentences for burglars
International aid: UK overseas spending and UN targets
Friday February 15
PoHorse meat found in Lancashire school food reaction
Marxism writer Alan Woods on anti-capitalist protests
Political week: Pope, pancakes, 10p tax and horsemeat
Spitting and urinating fines set by Waltham Forest Council
Thursday February 14
Europhile Tory MPs launch European Mainstream group
Ed Balls says Brown made 'big mistake' scrapping 10p tax rate
Ed Balls on Labour 10p tax rate plan and mansion tax
Harold Wilson night of archive on BBC Parliament
Romania and Bulgaria: Heseltine on immigration figures
Wednesday February 13
More women needed on TV and in media, says Alice Arnold
Women quotas: Alice Arnold, Emily Thornberry and Jo Swinson
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on living standards
PMQs: Cameron teased on horsemeat and '100% bull'
PMQs: Cameron on horsemeat prosecutions and meat checks
PMQs: Tories on Eastleigh Lib Dem by-election campaign
PMQs review with Nick Robinson and MPs
Tuesday February 12
Hacked Off on Royal Charter for press regulation
Leveson and royal charter: Lord Fowler and John Hemming
Women's Hour power judge Oona King explains rankings
House of Cards's FU from Ian Richardson to Kevin Spacey
NHS and health reforms in England felt by patients
Shrove Tuesday: MPs flip to win Rehab pancake race
Monday February 11
Eastleigh by-election: fight for seat after Huhne resigns
Eastleigh by-election: Blears, Lloyd, Andrew and Farage
UK and France: relations between London and Paris
Legal issues for Scottish independence (facebook link)
Sunday February 10
Owen Paterson: Meat ban 'would not be helpful'
Ed Davey on Clegg, Huhne, Eastleigh and boundaries
Citizens Advice Bureau: Rent arrears fears over welfare changes
Friday February 8
Nigel Farage on EU budget and Eastleigh by-election
BNP and far-right parties could lose European funding
European week: football match-fixing, traffic and fish
European Council presidency rotating every six months
Councils to 'grab wealth for their areas'
Thursday February 7
EU referendum: Wales view of future in Europe
Wales: Devolution record on education and health
Sergei Stanishev on Bulgarian immigrants heading to UK
Mark Reckless on benefits for Bulgarians and Romanians
Mark Carney should resign immediately says Max Keiser
Wednesday February 6
Housing market: Starter homes price restrictions call
Affordable homes and mortgages: Michael Fallon and Sadiq Khan
PMQs noise and decibels level in the House of Commons
PMQs: Cameron teased over welfare-to-work assessment
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on bedroom and mansion 'taxes'
NHS Confederation on Stafford Hospital report
Tuesday February 5
Jon Cruddas MP on Labour record and policies
Richard lll burial: York, Leicester, London or Worksop?
Gay marriage: Tory MPs Peter Bone and Nick Herbert
Scottish independence: MSP Derek Mackay on referendum
Falkland Islands politicians in London for Hague talks
Monday February 4
Tories on gay marriage: Geoffrey Vero and Gavin Barwell
Chris Huhne reaction: Tessa Munt and Alun Cairns
Chris Huhne: Joshua Rozenberg on MP perverting justice
Bond markets, traders and UK's AAA credit rating
Speaker John Bercow on noisy MPs in House of Commons
Sunday February 3
Borgen actor Sidse Babett Knudsen on Scandinavian drama
Worries for future of local press in Wales after job cuts
William Hague dismisses chancellor job swap reports
Hague: 'MPs can make own decision' on gay marriage
William Hague on defence cuts, Mali and EU referendum
Friday February 1
George Galloway MP on Mali, Syria and Arab politics
Political week: HS2, Mali, Scotland and stalking horse
John Redwood: bigger tax rule book but lower revenue
Avaaz online political campaigns targeting MPs
Posh MPs: Stephen Hepburn, Angie Bray, Eric Ollerenshaw
Thursday January 31
EU referendum: British business view of new Europe deal
Bob Servant Independent writer Neil Forsyth on Galloway
GCSEs and exam changes: Graham Stuart reaction
Wednesday January 30
Muslim vigilantes: Peter Tatchell on homophobic abuse
Muslim vigilantes: Sayeeda Warsi and Peter Tatchell
Scottish independence: SNP MSP on referendum question
Romanian and Bulgarian immigrants and UK benefits
PMQs: Galloway and Cameron on Arab dictators and Mali
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on GDP and economic figures
PMQs: Speaker Bercow warns barrister Michael Ellis MP
PMQs: 'Stalking horse in the Tory food chain?'
PMQs: Bedroom tax and housing benefit clash
Tuesday January 29
Political book award judges on writing a winner
Boris Johnson, Ed Miliband and William Hague interviews
Boundary changes and polls for Conservatives
Football changes 'not fast enough' says David Davies
Monday January 28
Women in Parliament: quota call for more female MPs
Tim Montgomerie on Adam Afriyie Tory leadership stories
Greg Barker on Green Deal bid to cut energy bills
House of Lords election: Lord Sudeley on his bid
Sunday January 27
EU referendum: David Lidington on Conservative policy
EU referendum: Business view of UK and Europe powers
Friday January 25
GDP: Max Keiser on UK economy, bonds and gold market
Danny Alexander on GDP figures and economic plans
GDP figures: Labour's Chris Leslie on UK economy
Political week: EU referendum, Harry, Clegg and Obama
Thursday January 24
Gay marriage support growing says Tory MP Nick Herbert
Police reforms: ACPO and Superintendents' Association
Police reforms: Nick Herbert on pay and conditions
MPs' pay increase: Jack Straw and John Mann on salaries
Flooding risk: no snowman help says Environment Agency
Wednesday January 23
TV news: Wayne Hemingway on science and design stories
Wayne Hemingway debates TV good news stories with MPs
PMQs: Skinner and Cameron on Davos trip, tax and banks
PMQs: Miliband and Cameron on EU referendum and Europe
PMQS: Cameron on Scotland and EU referendum timings
PMQs: Straw challenges Cameron on defence cuts
PMQs review: Nick Robinson on Cameron and Miliband
Tuesday January 22
Ethnic minority MPs: Rushanara Ali and Alok Sharma
David Cameron's petition on VAT and sandwiches
Tim Farron on Lib Dem polling and coalition future
EU referendum: Tim Farron on Lib Dem Europe policy
Liberal Democrats: coalition, polls and 2015 election
Monday January 21
Gay MPs: Author Donna Smith and Labour MP Angela Eagle
Plebgate: Bernard Jenkin on Andrew Mitchell inquiry
Sunday January 20
Douglas Alexander on the UK in Europe and EU referendum
Teachers' pay in England linked to performance at work
Friday January 18
UK and EU: European politicians on Britain in Europe
European lobbying at the EU in Brussels
Councils invest in tobacco while helping smokers quit
European political week: presidency, salary and Mali
Thursday January 17
Obesity: Weighing MPs Conor Burns and Michael Gapes
UKIP threat to Tories: Mark Field and Douglas Carswell
Europe: UKIP poll rating and threat to Conservative MPs
PSI: Public Sector Information data to help UK economy?
Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie selling UK in Germany
Wednesday January 16
Medical Innovation Bill: Lord Saatchi on cancer treatment
Medical Innovation Bill: Dan Poulter on Saatchi bill
PMQs review: Nick Robinson on EU referendum and Europe
PMQs: Miliband and Cameron clash on UK in Europe
PMQs: Cameron and Miliband on UK-Europe referendum
Conservative Fresh Start: Andrea Leadsom on EU powers
Tuesday January 15
Police pay: Nick Herbert on lower PC starting salary
Yes Minister training manual for MPs says Nick Herbert
Hours of Lords: Peers reject Commons' boundary reform
House of Commons reform: Lord Forsyth and Lord Rennard
What Brown, Blair, Major and Thatcher did after office
Pensioners on politics of welfare benefits and savings
British industry: Nick Comfort on manufacturing changes
Monday January 14
Immigration into UK and EU from Romania and Bulgaria
Falklands future: Alan West and Jeremy Corbyn
Falklands Islands referendum choice of UK and Argentina
Signatures of David Cameron, Ed Miliband and Nick Clegg
Sunday January 13
Eric Pickles: EU 'influx' may add to housing problems
Eric Pickles on wheelie bin fines legislation in 2013
The Sunday Interview in full: Eric Pickles
Friday January 11
Mannequin trial: Renee Slater on Helena Torry exchange
Debt and deficit financial terms explained by IFS
Political week: coalition review and benefit changes
UK joining up with Europe - 40 years in the EEC (EU)
Thursday January 10
London Underground: Blair, Cameron and Johnson on Tube
London Underground: Bob Crow tested on Tube knowledge
Retail Price Index: RPI, CPI and inflation explained
Executive pay: MPs and salaries of business leaders
Aberdeen beggars and plans to outlaw street begging
Wednesday January 9
Daily Politics highlights with Andrew Neil and guests
HS2: Actor Geoffrey Palmer against high speed rail plan
HS2 line route via Heathrow, suggests action group
PMQs: Nick Robinson on Cameron v Miliband on welfare
PM: 'We need a shared future in Northern Ireland'
PMQs: Fox hunting ban question to David Cameron
PMQs: Miliband and Cameron on coalition audit pledges
PM: Higher welfare payments 'not fair'
Tuesday January 8
Women in business: Matthew Hancock and Shami Chakrabarti
Communications Bill: web snooping and civil liberties
Communications Bill: James Brokenshire and Shami Chakrabarti
Citizens Advice Bureau on benefit and welfare changes
Monday January 7
Health minister Anna Soubry on healthy eating TV adverts
Louise Cooper on UK AAA-rating and triple-dip recession
UKIP leader Nigel Farage on HS2, Romania and Bulgaria
Coalition highlights for David Cameron and Nick Clegg
London locations for David Cameron euro announcement?
Clips and highlights from 2012
Daily Politics and Sunday Politics highlights of 2012
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Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) has announced it will move production of its Land Rover Discovery from the West Midlands to Slovakia from next year. Workers based at the Solihull factory, where the Discovery is manufactured, have reacted to the news.
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For workers arriving for their shift at Solihull's Jaguar Land Rover plant, some were unsure as to how the move will affect them. Others have spoken of their fears about the future.
While JLR - which is owned by the Indian group Tata Motors - has said it remains "committed to the UK", the company has warned there may be some job losses as a result.
There are 1,800 agency workers in the Solihull plant, out of a workforce of 10,000.
Land Rover Discovery model moved to Slovakia from the UK
JLR had previously said the manufacture of the Discovery would be split between Solihull and Slovakia.
The Solihull plant will be used to build a new generation of Range Rover models.
Sergei Udolec, who works on the Solihull production line and has been at JLR since 2012, said the news may be "pretty bad" for agency staff.
He said: "It's not clear what is going to happen. I think they have to be clear. But it's hard to know at the moment. I'm trying not to think about it. But it may be pretty bad news for agency staff."
Matthew Thomas, an engineer based at the site, said: "I've been here about three-and-a-half years. Already around 1,500 people have lost their jobs from JLR.
"I'm on a permanent contract so it won't necessarily affect me. But also we don't know how it's going to affect people anyway, it could be a positive thing, with the investment here. We just don't know yet."
One worker, who has been with JLR for 29 years, but did not want to be named, said: "I think it's wrong to blame Brexit for this. We have to look closer to home.
'Downturn in market'
"I feel sorry for the temporary staff, because with this news they can't plan, they can't think too much about the future."
Chris Fry, who works for car supply company Draexlmaier Automotive at the site, blamed a "downturn in the market".
"We've known about it since before Brexit, that this type of thing would happen," he added.
Nigel Kent, who works for JLR contractors DHL and has been based at the site for five years, added: "I think it is bad news for the temporary staff, of course.
"I think because JLR will have bases in Slovakia and they already have one in Brazil, it may not be long before they move production out. But I don't think it'll be soon."
In 2016, JLR announced job and production changes to its site in Castle Bromwich.
One worker who had recently moved from Castle Bromwich to Solihull said the announcement left things "a bit up in the air" for them.
Unions had been in talks with JLR in Solihull on Tuesday morning.
Unite national officer Des Quinn said: "Jaguar Land Rover's investment into its Solihull plant and confirmation that the next generation of Evoque will be built at Halewood in Merseyside secures the long-term future of both plants.
"Unite is in advanced discussions about securing Castle Bromwich's future in tandem with these two sites.
"The investment is a long-term commitment that recognises the skills of a workforce that has worked hard to make Jaguar Land Rover a global success story.
"Those workers though will have questions about what the transition to the new production platforms means for their jobs and livelihoods in the short term.
"Unite will be working with Jaguar Land Rover over the coming weeks and months to ensure a managed transition that is as painless as possible and retains jobs and skills for the future."
Unite regional officer Darren Hall said the union would be fighting to "protect agency staff" and "negate the impact" of the end of Discovery production at the site next February.
Mr Hall, who has been taking part in the site meetings, said many of the contract workers, employed via Manpower, were Unite members.
An agreement meant contractors were usually taken on by JLR after five years at the firm, he said.
Some had been on contracts for three or four years so were approaching the cut off point.
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A woman has given birth to a baby girl on a plane flying from Russia to Armenia, local media say.
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They say the baby was named Hasmik - after the flight attendant who helped deliver her, Hasmik Ghevondyan.
The mother's identity has not been revealed. Both she and the baby are reportedly doing well.
The flight, operated by Armenia's Armavia airline, landed in Yerevan. Ms Ghevondyan is quoted as saying that the whole crew helped deliver the baby.
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A Jewish teenager avoided death in occupied France thanks to the kindness and bravery of a doctor in a small Alpine resort. But it's a story local people seem reluctant to remember, Rosie Whitehouse discovers.
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As the first snow began to fall in December 1943, Huguette Müller and her sister Marion quietly left the French city of Lyon and travelled up into the Alps, to one of the highest ski resorts in Europe.
The city was no longer safe, as Klaus Barbie - the SS leader who became known as the Butcher of Lyon - had begun to intensify his search for Jews. The two young women pinned their hopes of survival on the village of Val d'Isère, just a few kilometres from the Italian border.
Huguette had already had to flee from Nice, which had been a haven for Jews while it remained under Italian control. But in September 1943, when Italy dropped out of the war, the Nazis swooped along the Riviera making thousands of arrests.
One of them was Huguette's and Marion's mother, Edith, seized as she attempted to obtain false papers for herself and Huguette. She was deported in late October and gassed on arrival in Auschwitz - a fact the sisters would only learn after the war.
Aged 15, Huguette had made her way to Lyon, to live with 23-year-old Marion. And now they were both on the move again.
In the winter of 1943, though, the mountains were also a risky place to hide. German soldiers recently relocated from the Russian front were based in Val d'Isère's Hotel des Glaciers. They pillaged hotels and restaurants and burned chalets to the ground if they found someone who'd been drafted to work in a German factory and failed to go. Locals still refer to the occupation as la terreur.
The SS was also on the lookout for suspicious strangers. So why the sisters went to Val d'Isère puzzles Huguette, now 92. One possibility is that Marion had been advised to go there by her future husband, Pierre Haymann, a member of the French resistance. But they found themselves in serious danger when, not long before Christmas, Huguette slipped and broke her leg.
The village doctor said the break was so bad the teenager needed to be moved to the hospital in Bourg St Maurice, down in the valley. Scared that questions would be asked and their cover blown, Marion panicked and punched him in the face.
On a foggy morning in San Francisco, Huguette takes a sharp intake of breath, and continues telling the story of how she survived the Holocaust, under the doctor's care.
"I think I was there for six months, I can't quite remember - all I knew was that it was safe," she says.
Neither Huguette nor Marion ever spoke about their time in the Alps. Marion waved her hand dismissively whenever asked about it.
Only one photograph of that period remains. Marion died in in 2010, and as her daughter-in-law it fell to me to empty out her house. In an old suitcase, alongside her wartime papers, there was a picture of her standing next to a mountain chalet in the snow.
It's only now, 76 years later, that Huguette has decided that she wants her story to be told.
Both sisters were born in Berlin in the 1920s and fled to France from Germany with their parents in 1933, soon after Hitler came to power.
While Marion had false papers, Huguette did not. Their parents had been careful to get her baptised, so there was no telltale J for Juif on her carte d'identité but it did say she had been born in Berlin. That would have been enough for her to be arrested and sent to her death on arrival at the hospital in Bourg St Maurice.
Huguette says the doctor explained that without the right medical care she would end up with one leg shorter than the other. "I replied it was better to limp than be dead," she says. So, remarkably, he offered to care for her, for six months, in his own house.
Why a total stranger was prepared to risk his life for a teenage girl he had met moments before is a mystery. If he had been caught he and his family would have been imprisoned or shot.
It's a mystery to Huguette too.
"When I returned to Val d'Isère in the 1970s to find him and thank him, it was too late," she says. "His widow answered the door and said he was dead. That was that. And now I can't quite remember his full name."
A quick Google search reboots her memory. It reveals his name in seconds. The main roundabout in Val d'Isère is Rond-Point Dr Pétri. The doctor, Huguette confirms, was Dr Frédéric Pétri, who lived in a large chalet with his mother and sister. "He was very nice," she says. "He carried me into the garden when the weather got better."
A genealogy website reveals that Pétri went on to become mayor of Val d'Isère, welcoming royals and celebrities to the slopes, among them Princess Anne and the Empress of Iran. But he never mentioned to anyone that he had hidden and nursed a Jewish girl during the war.
His daughter, Christel, is not surprised by the revelation. "He was driven by a passion, not for plastering broken legs, but for caring for people," she says. "He was profoundly generous and all his life he did everything he could for others."
Today, Val d'Isère stretches for three miles along a narrow mountain plateau, but in the 1940s it was a tiny place with fewer than 150 residents. "My father's house was on the main street," she says. "To hide a Jewish girl was a very dangerous thing to do." Christel is also surprised that the sisters chose to hide in such a small place. The answer she thinks lies in why her father came to Val d'Isère in the first place.
In 1938, passionate about winter sports, the young doctor decided to join his friends, among them world-class ski champions, who had founded the resort a few years earlier. Like many of the young men who ran the hotels and ski schools, he was born in Alsace, a region of eastern France that before World War One had been occupied by the Germans. Christel believes this instilled a dislike of Germany that was only reinforced by the two years he spent in a prisoner of war camp near Stuttgart, from 1940 to 1942.
When the Germans arrived in the Alps in September 1943, the young men and women of Val d'Isère turned the best weapons they had against them - their skis. Adept at crisscrossing the mountain passes they set up a resistance network. One of the group was Germain Mattis, a local ski instructor who was arrested by the Germans in June 1944 and died in a concentration camp at the age of 27.
This may well be the reason that Marion selected Val d'Isère as a place to hide. Her future husband Pierre Haymann was not only a member of the resistance but his family was from Alsace. He may have had connections in the resort.
Trusting the doctor, Marion left her sister in Val d'Isère to recover and went to join Pierre in Toulouse. The break would take six months to mend, so it was not until June 1944 that she returned. Now pregnant, she narrowly avoided being raped and murdered by the SS on the way.
Hoping to learn more about resistance activities in Val d'Isère, I sent a number of emails and left posts on the resort's Facebook page. I got only one reply, from a member of a famous Paris hairdresssing dynasty - Roby Joffo - whose uncle, Joseph Joffo, wrote one of France's best-known Holocaust memoirs, A Bag of Marbles.
Roby's father, Henri, and his uncle Maurice (Joseph Joffo's elder brothers) were also lying low in Val d'Isère during the winter of 1943-44, though they felt secure enough to work in a hair salon on the main street, opposite the Pétris' chalet. The Pétri and Joffo families have remained close ever since.
Roby is adamant that there were other Jews hiding in the valley. He makes a number of calls to Val d'Isère, but nobody seems to know anything about it.
The Holocaust in France
About 75,000 Jews were deported from France to concentration camps and death camps between 1940 and 1944. Only in 1995 did French President Jacques Chirac acknowledge French responsibility. "These dark hours forever sully our history and are an insult to our past and our traditions," he said. "Yes, the criminal folly of the occupiers was seconded by the French, by the French state."
Only two French officials were convicted for crimes against humanity. One was Paul Touvier a local intelligence chief who served under Lyon Gestapo boss Klaus Barbie; he was convicted in 1994 for having ordered the execution of seven Jews 50 years earlier. The other was Maurice Papon, jailed in 1998 for his role in the deportation of 1,690 Jews from Bordeaux. (Papon had gone on to serve as Paris's police chief and as a government minister.)
Barbie himself, a German, was extradited from Bolivia to France in 1983 and convicted on 41 counts of crimes against humanity in July 1987.
Christel is not surprised by the eerie silence. She says no-one ever spoke about what happened during the war, and as a result even the families who still live in Val d'Isère today have no idea that members of the French resistance operated in their town.
The war divided communities, explains Jane Metter, who researches the period at Queen Mary University of London. For those who collaborated and those who resisted "the only way to carry on living with your neighbours after the war was to forget what had happened."
For Frédéric Pétri to have hidden Huguette was, she says, "a 100% dangerous thing to do" and an act that would not necessarily have been applauded after the liberation either, as "the region was a highly Catholic, conservative, right-wing society".
The archives in Annecy, not far from Val d'Isère, are full of letters written to the authorities during the war, often anonymously, denouncing people for acts of resistance.
Two months after the sisters left, Val d'Isère was liberated. But the local resistance carried on the fight, supporting the partisans in Italy, which was still occupied by the Germans. Once again Petri would place his life on the line for a total stranger. On a winter's evening in November 1944, he set off to rescue a group of British soldiers who had been led over mountain passes by the partisans. Trapped in a snowdrift without adequate clothing, they were freezing to death.
When Pétri finally found them only one of the soldiers, Alfred Southon, was still alive. He was barely breathing but Pétri refused to give him up for dead. He carried him back to his chalet, and with the help of his mother, cared for him until he was well enough to leave.
This was also a potentially unpopular move as many people resented what they saw as Britain's abandonment of France at Dunkirk and the bombing raids on French cities. Just as Dr Pétri had said nothing about hiding Huguette, he did not mention this adventure to his family either, until Southon became a celebrity in the UK when his story was told in a 1953 BBC radio documentary.
Marion married Pierre and after the war they settled in Paris with Huguette and their two small children, Francois and Sylvie. The marriage did not last and Marion then began what she called her "second life" in London with husband Joe Judah, and their son Tim (my husband).
In 1947 Huguette went to San Francisco to join her father who had survived the war under cover in Paris. There she fell in love with James Carleton and had a son, Norman. She has lived there ever since. A silver coffee set that once belonged to her mother sits in pride of place on the sideboard in her elegant home.
Huguette now wants Pétri's bravery and kindness recognised and so I agree to write to Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Remembrance Centre in Jerusalem, to ask if it will consider recognising Pétri as one of the Righteous Among Nations - a list of non-Jewish individuals who risked their lives to help Jews during the Holocaust.
Yad Vashem advises me it could take years for a decision to be made.
I also try to arrange an interview with the mayor of Val d'Isère, Marc Bauer, to ask him to comment on the Yad Vashem application. When I get nowhere by email I telephone the town hall, where a member of staff tells me it will not be possible, as this is a "delicate matter".
The history of World War Two still haunts France. Huguette's decision to revisit the darkest period of her life has offered Val d'Isère a chance to address its past, but it appears it isn't one the resort is ready to take.
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A British lawyer is accusing the German government of violating the country's constitution by refusing to restore the citizenship of thousands of people descended from victims of the Nazis. He argues that the law began to be misapplied under the lingering influence of former Nazis in the 1950s and 60s, and that it's still being misapplied today.
The fight to get citizenship for descendants of German Jews
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The silence is pierced by volleys of gunfire and military vehicles rushing past. There's a loud explosion, sending acrid smoke billowing into the air. Snipers perched on a hotel rooftop open fire - the crack of their rifle shot is terrifyingly close.
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By Mark LowenBBC Turkey correspondent
This is Turkey: a Nato member and European Union candidate. And swathes of its south east are sliding into chaos.
The heart of the battle is Diyarbakir, where the Sur neighbourhood has been under curfew for weeks, as Turkish police and military flush out rebel fighters from the PKK - the Kurdistan Workers' Party. A two-year ceasefire broke down last July, plunging swathes of south-eastern Turkey back into armed conflict.
The army says about 500 militants have been killed since December, when curfews were imposed in seven cities. Human rights activists insist more than 100 of them were civilians.
For days, a group of mothers have gathered in the city centre, appealing for their children's bodies to be returned. They remain stuck in the curfew-hit area, the mothers unable to bury their dead.
Fahriye Cukur grips a framed photograph of her daughter, Rozerin. She's pictured in the school uniform she wore on 8 January, when she ventured into Sur during a partial lifting of the curfew and was shot by snipers.
Fahriye tried to reach her by phone but the lines were down. She learned of her daughter's death through the media.
"The thing I'll miss most is her calling me mama," she says, staring vacantly into the distance. "She was 16 and went to Sur to study with a friend. She liked history, she liked art. She was a poet."
Why are Turkish clashes with PKK escalating?
Turkey v Islamic State group v the Kurds
At her home, Fahriye shows me more photographs of Rozerin - and the emotion is too much to bear.
"I dreamt my daughter would go to university and I would pack her luggage. They've shattered my dreams," she says, barely able to speak through sobs.
"They call us 'terrorists' and kill us. Who will hear my cries? Is it [President] Erdogan? Why did he do this to me?"
The authorities insist only PKK militants are targeted, vowing to push on with the operations until, in the president's words, the fighters are "annihilated".
Since July, more than 200 Turkish soldiers and policemen have been killed in attacks by the PKK, which is listed as a terrorist organisation by Turkey, the EU and US.
But the government has faced criticism that it's too focused on the fight against the PKK, and should instead deploy more resources against so-called Islamic State (IS). Air strikes on the Kurdish militants have far exceeded those against IS, with Ankara only recently stepping up its role in the US-led coalition.
A suicide bomb blamed on IS militants killed 10 tourists in Istanbul earlier this month - proof, say critics, that the government has allowed IS to spread while narrowly pursuing the PKK.
But the allegations go further; that President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has reignited the PKK battle in order to crush support for the pro-Kurdish party in parliament, the HDP, which is frequently labelled "terrorist supporters" by his government and a pliant Turkish press.
There is even the suspicion he will push for another election in a few months, to gain enough MPs to change the constitution and boost his powers. For that, he would need to force the HDP out of parliament.
Ankara fiercely denies the accusations, insisting it was the PKK that resumed the conflict.
"The terrorist group is opening fire on our security forces - that is why the clashes have broken out," says Huseyin Aksoy, the governor of Diyarbakir.
"If people dug trenches, erected barricades and declared 'self-rule' in Britain or any European country, the response would be the same."
He insists only one civilian has died in Diyarbakir during the operation - and an investigation is under way to determine from which side the bullet came.
"We are protecting our citizens - it was our responsibility to intervene," he adds.
The Turkish authorities did not allow us into the Sur neighbourhood of Diyarbakir to see the impact of the operation. So we drove three hours to the town of Silopi, where the curfew has been partially lifted. Frequent military and police checkpoints dot the road.
Inside Silopi, it's as though an earthquake has hit. Houses are completely destroyed, walls either collapsed or ripped apart by tank shells. Buildings are riddled with bullet holes.
Turkey thought armed conflict was over when the 2013 ceasefire halted the fighting with the PKK that had killed 40,000 people over three decades. But it's back.
Fadile Seflek shows me her house - or what is left of it. Rubble is strewn everywhere, the windows are shattered, every room is burnt out.
"We fled because of the fighting, and when we came back I just cried, inside and out," she says.
Every few days more bodies are retrieved from curfew-hit areas. The funerals are attended by hundreds. Chants of "martyrs never die" and "the murderous state will pay" ring out.
Attending one funeral is an MP for the HDP party, Ziya Pir.
We met in Diyarbakir last June, just before the election that saw the pro-Kurdish party get into parliament for the first time. There was an atmosphere of elation, that the Kurdish minority would finally achieve national representation.
The party polled 13%, higher than expected. It's widely believed that President Erdogan scuppered coalition talks to force a repeat election in November, in which the HDP vote was pushed down due to the conflict and the party he founded regained its majority.
"Back in June you asked me if a war was possible between the Turkish state and the PKK," Ziya says.
"I said never again, but now we have that war. We have mothers crying on both sides and a government in Ankara that doesn't listen to them. My message to both sides is to pull back. Nobody wants this war."
But there is no sign of compromise by either side. Once the fighting does finally end, militants may have been killed but the hatred will have deepened here. Months of conflict will certainly act as a PKK recruitment tool for another generation.
Reconciliation and solving the age-old "Kurdish problem" here seems more distant than ever.
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David Rathband, the police officer shot and blinded by fugitive gunman Raoul Moat, has been found dead. He had spoken of his struggle to adjust to life without sight. It's a hugely difficult transition to make, writes Damon Rose, who lost his sight at 13.
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Losing your dominant sense is shattering and confusing.
With the right support you can turn it around and learn to live afresh but it's a very big hill to climb. The journey requires a great deal of patience and practice and is complicated enough without also factoring in trauma and injury in the line of police duty.
Everything from your ability to move around, read, write, do DIY and appreciate the scenery around you, suddenly changes or disappears.
When your sight does go or gets so bad that you have to acknowledge it, you need to speak to your local social services to get an assessment.
It's at this point that you will probably first come across the "blind person tools" that are regularly handed out. These will include the white cane and a "liquid level indicator" which buzzes loudly to tell you that you've put enough boiling hot water in your tea mug - small things matter at this stage.
These basic handouts - along with mobility training and orientation plus domestic rehabilitation - are the basics for moving forward.
Many listeners to BBC Radio 4's In Touch, the long-running show for blind people, have years of experience under their belts and were keen to pass it along after veteran presenter Peter White did a two-part interview with the former police officer, broadcast in December 2010 and September 2011.
Listeners contacted the programme in their droves afterwards with all sorts of practical ideas and support.
"People wanted to contact him. They found his comments and what he said quite inspiring. He was saying things that probably they hadn't heard said before," says In Touch producer Cheryl Gabriel, who is also visually impaired.
"He talked about reading books and said he didn't like reading. He had this idea people were going to put him in a box with the interests blind people should have: 'Why would I start reading now?'
"In his mind he was still a sighted person, a sighted person who couldn't see, rather than a blind person."
Gabriel and Rathband were on the phone for an hour before the final interview.
"He was saying he got frustrated at not being able to find a matching pair of socks. He wanted to just live on his own to prove that he could do so, and still support his family."
Gabriel was a police officer for five years before her sight failed. She says: "Everything in his life was not geared to being a blind person.
"He was trying to fight for his independence. He wanted to live almost as if blindness was incidental but your blindness goes in the front rather than behind. David wanted to put it behind him but it was always in front of him.
"You're the one who is a police officer, the one who can fix stuff. You go out there and deal with people. To suddenly have that taken away, it must have felt like his world was turned upside down and I have a lot of sympathy."
The suddenness of Rathband's blindness is hugely significant.
"What he went through is unimaginable," says Gabriel. "Most people have a period of getting used to being blind, you think, 'Hold on, what's going on here?' when you begin to notice deterioration... but his whole experience was just horrific with the mental scarring he must've also had."
TheRNIB's Helpline offers emotional and practical support to anyone who is struggling to come to terms with sight loss, sudden or long term. People can call 0303 123 9999 or email [email protected].
Around the BBC
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Australia was the first country in the world to introduce mandatory plain packaging for tobacco products - and the UK will have followed suit by May this year. But will any country copy Australia's plan to keep increasing taxes until a packet of cigarettes costs AUD$40 (£24)?
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By Sarah McDermottBBC World Service
It's not easy being a smoker in Australia.
The smoking bans started inside - in workplaces, bars and restaurants - and moved out.
"Smokers would congregate on footpaths and near public transport creating clouds of smoke - what we call 'smoking hotspots'," says Mark Driver, Sydney's Park and Recreation Planner.
"Now, smoking is prohibited within 10m (33ft) of a playground, within 4m (13ft) of the entrance to a public building, at rail platforms, taxi ranks and bus stops."
Those are the rules in New South Wales, but they are mirrored in many other states. Smoking is banned on many beaches, and most Australian states have now banned cigarettes in jail. All states ban smoking in vehicles if children are present.
Fines vary, but in some places you may be fined AUD$2,000 (£1,210) if you smoke in the wrong place. And even if you don't, you'll be paying more than that each year by 2020, if you smoke just one AUD$40 pack a week.
It's already five years since Australia became the first place in the world to make plain cigarette packaging compulsory. Tobacco-advertising has long been banned, and now branding has too.
The boxes are a drab, dark brown colour (deemed the ugliest in the world by a team of Australian researchers), they carry no logos, and graphic health warnings cover most of the front of the box.
"You see this gigantic, see-and-never-forget kind of image of throat cancer - a hole in the neck, or what a stroke looks like with a brain sliced open," Chapman explains.
"Some smokers say they don't even look at it, but there has been research which shows that with the people who engage in those avoidance strategies, it's actually a predictor of them quitting later on."
All this came on top of anti-smoking campaigns that have been driving down smoking rates in Australia since the 1970s.
"It's a toxic, poisonous mix of substances, including ammonia, the bleach in toilet cleaner; acetone, the chemical in nail polish remover; benzene, found in paint stripper; and hydrogen cyanide, used in rat poison," went one advertisement. "And smoking delivers it straight to your body."
"The evidence shows that these hard-hitting, graphic ads that really show the harms of smoking are some of the most effective," says Scott Walsberger, head of tobacco control at Cancer Council NSW.
But other campaigns have also tried a gentler approach, emphasising how quickly a smoker's health starts to improve once he or she has quit.
It was this approach that was taken by the creators of an interactive, behavioural change app called My Quit Buddy, launched in 2012.
Offering tips for giving up, daily motivational messages, distractions to overcome cravings, and a place to share success stories and celebrate milestones, it has now been downloaded more than 400,000 times in Australia alone.
My Perfect Country
In a world where a lot is going wrong, there is also a lot going right. So, what if you could build a country with policies that actually worked, by homing in on ideas from around the world that have been truly successful?
"It shows people that just by even quitting for five days, you can start to see changes - you'll have more money in your wallet, your skin becomes clearer," says Paul Den, one of My Quit Buddy's creators.
"And the community forum shows people that they're not alone - people generally trust other people more than they trust the government."
The cumulative effect of these policies is that smoking rates for adults have almost halved since 1980, says Henrietta Moore, of the Institute for Global Prosperity at University College, London, and are now at about 13%, compared to a global average of about 20%. There has also been a decrease of almost 23% in the rate of hospital admissions caused by smoking.
Simone Dennis, an associate professor at Australian National University, says a culture of shame surrounding smoking has begun to emerge, and that itself has become a smoking deterrent.
Take, for example, the policy of confining smokers to areas where they will not create a public nuisance.
"If you think about smoking in public, those tend to be spaces that no-one wants to hang out in anyway," she says.
"So smokers feel marginalised because they can't be citizens in public spaces any more, because they're restricted to these kind of 'dirty spaces.'"
Tobacco in Australia
Read: The battle for control of the cigarette packet
These days, smoking is often taken up by people who are on the lowest rungs of the socio-economic ladder, she points out, "and that adds a burden of shame to people who might already be marginalised".
If it's the poor who are now the most likely to smoke, it's hard to see how they will ever afford the AUD$40 pack of cigarettes.
Listen to My Perfect Country on the BBC World Service
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Do I have an Irish relative? Could I become a Spanish citizen? What about my Italian roots? After the UK's vote to leave the EU, some British people are investigating their ancestry in the hopes of getting a second passport.
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The BBC has heard from Britons who have already started taking steps towards obtaining dual nationality in another EU country. Some are hoping it will help them continue to live and work in the 27 other countries that make up the union while others have more ideological reasons.
Name: Rachel Pilling
From: London
Applying for passport in: Germany
Rachel has started the process of applying for German citizenship - an option that is open to her because her Jewish grandmother fled Nazi Germany in 1936 and ultimately settled in London.
The naturalisation claim under article 116 of the German Basic Law allows anybody who was deprived of their German citizenship between 30 January 1933 and 8 May 1945 on political, racial or religious grounds to reclaim their citizenship. Importantly, this also applies to any of their direct descendants.
"I previously felt there would be no benefit in having a German passport as well as a British passport but if we leave the EU, then that may well change," says Rachel.
"There is a real sense of sadness about this throughout my family. I have spoken to my grandmother and, while she will not be applying, she supports the idea of the rest of us doing so. Despite everything that happened in the past, she is really in favour of Europe and feels a lot of love for Europe.
"At the moment I am free to study or work anywhere in the EU. I can't be certain that it will stay that way. If there were no physical advantages with regards to studying and working abroad then I probably wouldn't apply for a German passport but this could have a big influence on my life," she adds.
Name: Joanne Munro
From: Brighton
Applying for passport in: Italy or Croatia
Joanne doesn't actually think having an EU passport will make much practical difference, "except for shorter queues in the airport", and her reasons for applying are "symbolic".
"I am an EU citizen and I'm not prepared to have anybody take that away from me," she says.
"I feel European and looking at the bigger picture in the long term, we need to be able to act as one people, on one planet. There needs to be more unity, not more division so holding onto my European citizenship and passport is a way to stay loyal to that idea."
The 44-year-old hopes her grandmother, born in a village near Trieste in modern-day Italy, may provide her route to obtaining a European passport.
Initially confident that she would be eligible for an Italian passport under the legal principle of Jure Sanguinis (right of blood), a territorial dispute over which country Trieste belonged to back in 1922 has made her quest more challenging. She may have to apply for Croation citizenship instead.
"It's an omni-shambles really but I have all of the paperwork and one way or another I am going to get a European passport," she says.
Name: Oliver Baroni
From: London
Applying for passport in: Italy
Oliver lives in Zurich and has both British and Swiss passports. As Switzerland is outside the European Union, the 44-year-old now faces the prospect of holding two non-EU passports.
Since the result of the EU referendum, he has begun researching his Italian roots and says he is doing so for the benefit of his sons, aged eight and 18.
"It just makes me mad that my kids won't be able to travel freely in Europe to study or work," he says.
The musician also hopes that having another passport might help make it easier for his band, The HillBilly Moon Explosion, when they tour in Europe.
"The first thing I did when it became clear that there had been a vote to leave the EU was to Google 'apply for Italian citizenship' and apparently it is not too difficult. The paperwork is likely to be a pain in the neck but it should be possible."
Any claim made will be based on the fact Oliver's mother was born in Italy before moving to Switzerland and then the UK.
Name: Hannah Neira
From: Horsham
Applying for passport in: Spain
Hannah's father's side of the family is Spanish and she is very close to her paternal grandparents. The 28-year-old plans to move to Spain in a few years, once her career has settled down.
"Because Brexit looks like it will put a damper on my plans to nurture my Spanish side, I contacted the Spanish embassy on 24 June to start the process of obtaining a Spanish passport," she says.
"I think I qualify automatically because my father has Spanish nationality, though I'm not 100% sure."
She's keen not to lose her Anglo-Spanish identity and wants to retain freedom of movement as an EU citizen.
"Though my Spanish is quite poor, I feel connected to Spanish culture through my grandparents. I want to keep it easy to visit them whilst they are still with us."
"I want to get more acquainted with the country that resulted in my inherited habits of spending hours in lively debate over the dinner table, despairing when TV chefs put chorizo in a paella, talking at breakneck speed, eating garlic like sweets and hero-worshipping Fernando Alonso.
"Just as I am acquainted with the country that trained me to say "sorry" when someone steps on my foot, get sunburned at anything over 25 degrees, tut furiously at queue-jumpers and laugh at Blackadder."
By Zak Brophy and Patrick Evans, BBC's UGC and Social News team
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A man has admitted murdering a woman whose body was found at a flat in Telford.
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Lynn McNally, 46, was found dead at a property in Mullinder Drive in Ketley in February. West Mercia Police said she died from multiple stab wounds.
Paul Beddoes, 44, also of Mullinder Drive, had denied the charge and a jury was sworn in for his trial, but he changed his plea on Tuesday.
He will be sentenced on Thursday at Stafford Crown Court.
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