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The jury in the trial of two girls convicted of murdering a vulnerable woman heard graphic evidence of how they tortured and beat her to death. But the crime sparked such abusive comments on Facebook that a judge feared the girls could not have a fair hearing. He scrapped the case and ordered a retrial for the following year - leading to a seven-month fight by the media to be allowed to report on it. This is what happened.
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By Colin GeorgeBBC News Online
It was a case in which one of the most senior judges in the country saw parallels with the murder of two-year-old James Bulger.
Two schoolgirls were on Tuesday convicted of the murder of Hartlepool woman Angela Wrightson after a second trial. The pair, who cannot be named, have been sentenced to life with a minimum of 15 years.
Jurors heard how the girls battered and tortured Ms Wrightson to death in an attack lasting many hours in December 2014.
They also heard the girls were obsessed with their phones and social media, even taking a selfie of themselves with their victim.
Social media was a key theme in the case - it played an important role in the girls' lives and also had a major effect on the media's coverage of their trial.
Details of the attack that were reported at the original trial in July 2015 sparked a series of "vile" comments posted by people on Facebook pages, including those of a number of media organisations.
Those comments were described by the prosecution as a "virtual lynching mob".
The case was being overseen by Sir Henry Globe QC, an experienced High Court judge who served as a junior prosecutor in the case of James Bulger's murderers Jon Venables and Robert Thompson.
On the third day of the trial, Mr Justice Globe was alerted to what he called "an avalanche of prejudicial comment". In total more than 500 comments were presented to him by police.
Late on Friday 3 July, he effectively ordered the media to remove every comment about the trial from any news article and social media post.
His order also asked the media to "remove all links from [their] websites to other websites, including social media sites" - a ruling that effectively meant the BBC had to remove all reports of the trial. Either that, or disable every hyperlink on the site.
Finally, it required the media to "refrain from issuing or forwarding tweets relating to the trial".
The BBC appealed against the order on the principle of open justice in British courts, and the fact that many modern web browsers allow instant sharing to social media.
But both the prosecution and defence argued there was now a "real risk that the defendants could no longer have a fair trial". Mr Justice Globe agreed, rejected the appeal and scrapped the case.
In doing so, he put in place an even more restrictive order, effectively prohibiting any reporting of the case until verdicts were returned in the new trial.
He made it clear he was not objecting to the media's reporting. The "chilling" Facebook comments by some members of the public - that went "far beyond what may be described as abuse and angry bluster" - were behind his decision.
A group of nine media organisations then came together to appeal against the reporting restriction.
The organisations that brought the appeal:
At the hearing in October, Jude Bunting, representing the media, argued the order was impractical, against the principle of open justice and would not stop people posting on social media, so reporting should be allowed on the case.
But Mr Justice Globe was unmoved.
In a written ruling, he described the comments as such: "By providing the links [on Facebook], I am satisfied the media organisations identified the haystack, placed a lot of needles on top of it and ascribed significance to numerous comments that would otherwise have had lesser significance if they had been solely within a member of the public's private Facebook page."
The appeal was again rejected.
The media organisations then decided to take the case to the Court of Appeal - the final course of action.
On 26 January, Andrew Caldecott QC and Jude Bunting put forward the media's case before Lord Justice Leveson (he of the eponymous inquiry into press standards), Lady Justice Hallett and Lady Justice Sharp.
Lord Justice Leveson opened proceedings by likening the case to the James Bulger murder trial, saying the death of Angela Wrightson had stirred up similar levels of feeling in the community with regards to the age of the murderers.
On 11 February, Lord Justice Leveson handed down the court's decision - to largely grant the appeal, but with a series of conditions.
The media could report the evidence of the retrial, but they could not mention it on social media or allow comments underneath articles until the verdict. In addition, the very fact of the legal challenge could not be reported until the verdicts were returned.
He said the case "for the first time, raises the issue of how critical fair trial protections can be extended to prevent or control communications on social media".
He added: "In relation to modern social media, comments are immediately available at the click of a mouse... there is no doubt that there are wider issues involved than encompassed by this particular litigation."
BBC lawyer Paul O'Connell welcomed the fact this "onerous restriction on the principles of freedom of the press and open justice" had been revoked.
"This case is yet another example of how social media is raising novel and important legal issues that test the boundaries of the law and the law's ability to adapt in the face of rapid change," he said.
The Court of Appeal judgement calls on the attorney general to conduct a "consultation" so "appropriate guidance" can be issued.
The Attorney General's Office says it is aware of this and is "currently considering our response".
Eileen Murphy, the executive editor for the BBC News website across England, said: "This was an important case for us to bring.
"It was important for the local community, which had been shocked by Angela's death and deserved to know how the judicial case was proceeding, but also important in protecting the wider principles of journalistic freedom to report from open court.
"As digital platforms have emerged as a key way to bring news to audiences, so has reporting and the application of the law relating to journalism. The BBC will continue to report legal proceedings across available platforms in a responsible and transparent way."
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Unexploded military devices have been recovered from a churchyard on Anglesey.
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North Wales Police were called to St Mwrog Church in Llanfwrog on Saturday and after searching the grounds, bomb disposal teams removed the ordnance.
Ch Supt Nigel Harrison said it appeared the items had been there "for some time".
They will be examined and an investigation has been launched into how they ended up in the churchyard.
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An elderly pedestrian has been taken to hospital after being hit by a police car in Nottingham.
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Nottinghamshire Police said officers were responding to an emergency call when the crash happened on Derby Road at 22:30 BST on Thursday.
The Independent Office for Police Conduct said the woman was being treated in hospital and confirmed it was investigating the crash.
Any witnesses have been asked to contact the police.
Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected].
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A man has died after falling from a tug boat into the River Mersey, with police treating the death as unexplained.
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It happened at about 18:40 GMT on Sunday near the Tranmere Oil Terminal in Wirral, police said.
The man, who has not been named, was pulled from the water at Liverpool Pier Head and taken to hospital where he was pronounced dead.
The incident is also being investigated by the Department for Transport's Marine Accident Investigation Branch.
A post-mortem examination is due to be carried out, and Merseyside Police have appealed for witnesses to contact the force.
A Marine Accident Investigation Branch spokesman said: "We have sent inspectors to Liverpool to investigate an accident involving a tug boat."
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A jury in the US state of Missouri has ordered Johnson & Johnson (J&J) to pay $72m (£51m) to the family of a woman who claimed her death was linked to use of the company's Baby Powder talc.
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Jackie Fox from Birmingham, Alabama died of ovarian cancer last year, aged 62, having used the talc for decades.
Her family argued that the firm knew of talc risks and failed to warn users.
J&J denied the claim and is said to be considering an appeal. Researchers say links with ovarian cancer are unproven.
A company spokeswoman said: "We have no higher responsibility than the health and safety of consumers, and we are disappointed with the outcome of the trial.
"We sympathise with the plaintiff's family but firmly believe the safety of cosmetic talc is supported by decades of scientific evidence."
Other cases pending
The verdict at the end of the three-week trial was the first time damages have been awarded by a US jury over talc claims.
More than 1,000 similar cases are pending nationwide and lawyers said thousands more could now be filed.
Analysis: James Gallagher, health editor, BBC news website
Is talc safe?
There have been concerns for years that using talcum powder, particularly on the genitals, may increase the risk of ovarian cancer.
But the evidence is not conclusive. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies talc used on the genitals as "possibly carcinogenic" because of the mixed evidence.
Why is there any debate?
The mineral talc in its natural form does contain asbestos and does cause cancer, however, asbestos-free talc has been used in baby powder and other cosmetics since the 1970s. But the studies on asbestos-free talc give contradictory results.
It has been linked to a cancer risk in some studies, but there are concerns that the research may be biased as they often rely on people remembering how much talc they used years ago. Other studies have argued there is no link at all and there is no link between talc in contraceptives such as diaphragms and condoms (which would be close to the ovaries) and cancer.
Also there does not seem to be a "dose-response" for talc, unlike with known carcinogens like tobacco where the more you smoke, the greater the risk of lung cancer.
What should women do?
The charity Ovacome says there is no definitive evidence and that the worst-case scenario is that using talc increases the risk of cancer by a third.
But it adds: "Ovarian cancer is a rare disease, and increasing a small risk by a third still gives a small risk. So even if talc does increase the risk slightly, very few women who use talc will ever get ovarian cancer."
The jury in Ms Fox's case deliberated for five hours before finding Johnson & Johnson liable for fraud, negligence and conspiracy.
The award constituted $10m in damages and $62m in punitive damages.
"This case clearly was a bellwether and clearly the jury has seen the evidence and found it compelling," said Stanford University law professor Nora Freeman Engstrom. "The jury was distressed by the company's conduct."
However, she said the size of the award was unlikely to survive.
"Big jury verdicts do tend to be reined in during the course of the appellate process and I expect that to be the case here," she said.
'Small risk'
Cancer Research UK says evidence for a link between talc use and ovarian cancer is "still uncertain".
"Even if there is a risk it is likely to be fairly small," the charity says.
Ovarian cancer charity Ovacome says causes of the disease are still unknown but are likely to be "a combination of many different inherited and environmental factors, rather than one cause such as talc".
It says that in 2003, results of 16 studies involving 12,000 women showed that using talc increased the risk of ovarian cancer by around a third, and that a 2013 review of US studies involving 18,000 women had similar results for genital, but not general, talcum powder use.
However, it warns that studies of this type "can suffer from bias" and there were "uncertainties" around the results.
"A large well-designed American study in 2000 involving nearly 80,000 women found no link between using talc and the risk of ovarian cancer," it says.
The charity says that even if using talc does raise the ovarian cancer risk by a third, "to put it into context, smoking and drinking increases the risk of oesophageal cancer by 30 times".
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Tens of thousands of people are still stranded in Indian-administered Kashmir after the worst floods in half a century. With road and communication links cut off, the Indian military is using helicopters and boats to reach those in distress. The BBC's Sanjoy Majumder was on board a relief flight to witness the impact of the floods.
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At the Jammu air base, there is a flurry of activity in the early hours of the morning.
A fleet of Russian-built Mi-17 helicopters are being loaded up with supplies.
Our aircraft is bound for Kishtwar, deep in the Kashmir Valley, which remains cut off because of the floods.
It's carrying sacks and crates of rations - vegetables such as onions, potatoes, tomatoes and eggplant among others.
"The main rescue phase is now over for the most part and our priority now is to provide relief to those in need," says Air Commodore PE Patange, who is in charge.
Receding water
"We have shipped medicines and taken doctors to some of the most remote areas.
"We have also taken rations as well as tents and other material to Srinagar," he adds.
From the air, as we head towards the Kashmir Valley, we get a sense of the impact of the floods.
The water has receded in most places and the rivers are no longer overflowing.
But there are plenty of signs of destruction - eroded riverbanks, bridges destroyed, a pile of debris where a road once stood, a communication tower on its side.
"Just a few days ago, all of this was covered in water," one of the crewmen tells me, pointing down to the lush green landscape with the Chenab river snaking through it.
Forty-five minutes later, we arrive at Kishtwar, a small town up in the mountains surrounded by alpine forest.
As soon as we land, soldiers begin unloading the precious cargo and transfer it to military trucks waiting nearby.
Apart from the supplies on our aircraft, the tarmac is laden with other essentials. Cartons of milk, live chickens and medicine are all loaded on to the trucks.
These will now be taken further up the mountains and then soldiers will trek up with the supplies to areas which are cut off.
Normally these supplies would have been transported by road, from the main highway connecting the Kashmir Valley with the plains in the south and beyond.
Major problem
But a part of the road's been damaged and no supplies have been reaching the markets and the communities up in the mountains.
And even in Kishtwar, there is a major problem.
With phone lines down, communicating with teams on the ground is becoming difficult except through high frequency wireless sets.
Getting through to the state capital, Srinagar, is particularly difficult.
"The last few days were very challenging," says Air Commodore Patange.
"Entire areas were submerged and there was no place to land our helicopters. We had to drop supplies from the air and evacuate people using winches and ropes."
It's not raining any more and with the water receding, the relief operation has picked up.
After this will begin the reconstruction and rehabilitation process which will be infinitely more challenging.
Communication links have to be restored after which the authorities will have to start rebuilding the villages and communities which have been destroyed.
It will be a long process which could take months - maybe even years.
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Scotch whisky has been drawn into US-European trade battles. It was bound to be so, as the uses and abuses of tariffs are Donald Trump's signature foreign policy. It is Americans that pay the price of imposing tariffs on imports into the USA. Even if it looks helpful to enjoy protection, US industry is not enthusiastic about the effects and the retaliation. Elsewhere, trade barriers are coming down. The EU has struck deals which will see tariffs fall. But outside the EU, that wont' apply to Scotch whisky - until the UK concludes its own deals, starting from a relatively weak position.
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Douglas FraserBusiness/economy editor, Scotland
It should be no surprise that Scotch whisky has joined the long list of European Union exports being considered for punitive tariffs by the Trump administration.
Tariffs have become the president's signature foreign policy, probably because trade involves commerce and deals, at which he claims to be expert.
It also plays well to his political base, which has been fed a diet of "Buy American" propaganda, long before Donald Trump entered politics.
Scotch is such an obvious example of a globally-recognised and traded good, with which others struggle to compete. If trade has become the focus of foreign policy, the humble dram could hardly avoid being drawn in.
Cashmere sweaters
The dispute over Airbus and Boeing subsidies goes back 14 years, so this cannot all be pinned on Donald Trump.
Perhaps for that reason, it remains a dispute within the machinery of the World Trade Organisation. Trump's trade wars have been fought on a bilateral basis, using America's clout to push China, South Korea, Mexico and Canada into line with American interests. Next comes the EU, with the presidential sights set on German cars.
Tariffs are being used to pursue non-economic objectives. The threat to introduce punitive taxes on Mexican imports of food into the USA was to force its government to do more to curb the flow of migrants up to the US border.
Using tariffs that way, Donald Trump can turn the taps on and off, leaving Congress playing catch-up, while his moves dominate the news cycle. He can sabre-rattle and threaten, and he can as easily back off, claiming to have won concessions, even where they are hard to find.
So while the introduction of tariffs on Scotch exports to the USA remain in the sabre-rattling category, and nothing is imminent, we can expect more of this to come. And note that the initial list of goods that could be targeted by Washington included cashmere sweaters and salmon - both significant exports from Scotland.
Retaliation
A couple of unusual facets of this new trade war terrain are worth noting. One is that the consumers and the businesses that pay the main price for America's tariffs are American ones. Higher tariffs paid at ports mean both lower demand for those imports, but also higher prices for those who continue to choose or need to use those imports.
And few industries welcome new barriers to trade. The easy political message is that tariffs can help protect a domestic producer, and build up its strength. So you might think that American steel-makers would welcome tariffs.
Over time, that may be true. But the producer operating behind protectionist walls is likely to be less efficient, more expensive to domestic consumers, and less able to compete overseas if and when the walls are dismantled. (Britain's military shipbuilders spring to mind.)
American industry is not that supportive of the Trump regime. If steel prices go up, that hits the more numerous companies that use steel to make their end products.
Even Boeing, which wants to see Airbus subsidies cut back, does not seem to be keen on the breadth of the trade attack now being planned by the US Trade Representative.
And US distillers are not supportive of trade barriers being introduced, because they know that retaliatory measures are likely to come their way.
Auchentoshan
In any case, a highly international distilling business has companies that cross the Atlantic. Diageo is the biggest exporter of Scotch whisky, but it is also a big importer of it, and an exporter of US spirits.
Jim Beam, the Kentucky straight bourbon, sounds as American as it gets. It is part of Beam Suntory, headquartered in Chicago. But its interests are across Scotch brands Laphroaig, Bowmore, Auchentoshan, Ardmore and Teachers. It owns Suntory in Japan, Canadian Club and Courvoisier cognac.
And there are the casks. As the Scotch Whisky Association pointed out in response to the threat of US tariffs, its members spend £70m per year buying and importing bourbon wooden casks, in which Scotch is matured, giving it much of its taste, colour and character.
Brazilian
The other notable part of this trade story is that, away from Donald Trump's America, tariffs are coming down. In the past few days, at the G20 summit and with the Juncker administration soon to relinquish its grip on Brussels power, the European Union finalised deals with Vietnam and Mercosur.
The latter is a trading bloc of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. A wide-ranging trade deal includes a pledge to reduce tariffs from whisky, which currently range from 20% to 35%. Over time, they are due to fall to zero, which is where American tariffs on whisky have been for 20 years.
In exchange, the EU has had to make concessions on trade that is important from a South American perspective. Foremost among them are farm produce. And there's a problem there. French farmers don't like the look of lower-cost produce entering the EU market on improved terms. The EU agriculture commissioner, Phil Hogan, has reassured them that there will be quotas, change will be gradual, regulatory standards will be respected, and the market won't be swamped. But there could be a fight to get the deal ratified.
The Vietnam trade deal should prove less of a challenge. It charges a tariff of at least 45% on Scotch whisky, and that is scheduled to reduce to zero over seven years.
Disadvantage
But you'll note that there's a catch for the Scotch whisky industry. In a few months, let alone seven years, the UK is on course to be out of the European Union. Once out, it will not get the benefit of these reduced tariffs agreed by the EU.
One of the arguments made for Brexit is that the Westminster government can go out to the world with a new global strategy, and strike trade deals that are better suited to UK exporters' interests.
Maybe so. But what we should know by now is that such deals are complex and take time. And, at least initially, the UK's need to get deals done means that it starts with a negotiating disadvantage.
That's quite apart from the long-term problem of having a smaller domestic market than the EU, and therefore less with which to negotiate.
Post-Brexit, the UK may be able to negotiate deals which would see whisky tariffs reduced to zero. But it would surely require compromise elsewhere, on the priorities of those trading partners on the other side of the negotiating table. In India, for instance, that starts with work visas.
Until Britain can get those trade deals signed, Scotch whisky will be operating at a disadvantage, facing tariffs of as much as 45% - whereas, for instance, Irish whiskey distillers can look forward to no tariff at all.
If you were running an Irish distillery, you would probably use the opportunity to grow your share of those fast-growing export markets in South America and Asia.
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Counter-terrorism police have been given more time to question a man arrested in Leeds on suspicion of extreme right-wing activity.
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The 33-year-old was arrested on Saturday and is being held as part of a pre-planned operation, West Yorkshire Police said.
Officers have been granted an extension until 2 March to charge, release or apply for an additional extension.
A property in the city is being searched as part of the investigation.
At the time of arrest, Supt Chris Bowen said public safety was a "top priority".
He added: "If you see or hear something that could be terrorist related, act on your instincts by reporting your concerns."
Related Internet Links
West Yorkshire Police
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Even light-to-moderate drinking increases blood pressure and the chances of having a stroke, according to a large genetic study in The Lancet, countering previous claims that one or two drinks a day could be protective.
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The UK and Chinese researchers followed 500,000 Chinese people for 10 years.
They say the findings are relevant to all populations and the best evidence yet on the direct effects of alcohol.
Experts said people should limit their alcohol consumption.
It is already known that heavy drinking is harmful to health and increases stroke risk - but some studies have suggested drinking small amounts can be good for the health, while others indicate there is no safe level of alcohol consumption.
What did the research find?
The researchers, from the University of Oxford, Peking University and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, found that:
For the purposes of their study, one drink was defined as either:
About 16 in 100 men and 20 in 100 women will have a stroke in their lifetime in the UK.
So, if a group of 100 non-drinkers started drinking a glass or two every day, there would be an extra two strokes - a small increase.
According to Prof David Spiegelhalter, from the University of Cambridge, that's an increase in total stroke risk of 38% for every half a bottle of wine drunk per day.
He said: "It is very roughly the opposite effect of taking a statin", which are drugs prescribed by doctors to help lower cholesterol levels in the blood and prevent heart attacks and strokes.
The study also found no evidence of light or moderate drinking having a protective effect, in other words, reducing the risk of stroke.
When it came to the effect of alcohol on heart attack risk, the researchers said the effects were not clear cut and more data needed to be collected over the next few years.
"Claims that wine and beer have magical protective effects is not borne out," said study author Prof Richard Peto, professor of medical statistics and epidemiology at the University of Oxford.
Why China?
East Asian countries are useful places to study the effects of alcohol.
Many people with Chinese ancestry have a combination of genes that puts them off drinking alcohol. It causes an unpleasant reaction and makes them feel unwell.
As a result, there is a wide variation of alcohol intake in China - one in three men doesn't drink and very few women do.
But by comparing the health outcomes of drinkers and non-drinkers according to their genetic profile, scientists say they have been able to assess - with much more certainty than before - the direct effects of alcohol on stroke risk, distinct from any other factors.
Western populations don't possess these genes, so it would be impossible to carry out a similar study here.
And most studies are observational, which makes it's difficult to judge which factor is causing what effect.
Dr Iona Millwood, study author and senior epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, said: "Our genetic analyses have helped us understand the cause and effect relationships."
So what does this mean for me?
The researchers say their key message is that there is now clear evidence of no protective effect of moderate drinking on stroke.
That means drinking even small amounts of alcohol each day can increase the chances of having a stroke.
This is reflected in the current UK guidance - which advises a limit of 14 units of alcohol a week, with several alcohol-free days to keep health risks low.
What do other experts say?
Dr Stephen Burgess, from the University of Cambridge, said there were some limitations to the study - that it only looked at a Chinese population and focused mainly on the drinking of spirits and beer, not wine.
But he said the research reflected the culmination of many years of research into the impact of alcohol consumption.
"It strongly suggests that there is no cardiovascular benefit of light drinking and that risk of stroke increases even with moderate light alcohol consumption," he said.
"Risk of stroke increases proportionally with the amount of alcohol consumed, so if people do choose to drink, then they should limit their alcohol consumption."
Prof Kevin McConway, emeritus professor of applied statistics at the Open University, said the study didn't answer every question.
"It has certainly advanced what we know about the role of alcohol in some diseases but it can't be the last word," he said.
"The new study doesn't tie down exactly how alcohol works to increase stroke risk but doesn't appear to increase heart attack risk."
Prof David Spiegelhalter, Winton professor for the public understanding of risk, at the University of Cambridge, said the study was making him waver.
"I have always been reasonably convinced that moderate alcohol consumption was protective for cardiovascular disease, but now I am having my doubts," he said.
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Brilliant or boring? Inspired or insipid?
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By Iain McDowellBBC News NI
How would you describe the election campaign so far?
This game of political musical chairs should all be getting quite feisty by now, so are you excited or exhausted by yet another election?
We took to Belfast's Continental Market at lunchtime on Friday to find out your views on the polling news.
Locking horns again
It was back to business as usual for the parties on Friday as they resumed full campaigning after three low-key days in the wake of the Manchester attack.
And the big two parties wasted no time in taking a pop at each other, as has been their wont for the past six months or more.
DUP leader Arlene Foster accused her Sinn Féin counterpart Michelle O'Neill of "hypocrisy" over her condemnation of Monday's bombing, in which 22 people were killed.
"You have to reflect on the fact that she, only a few weeks ago, was in Loughgall commemorating those who were going out to murder and to kill," said Mrs Foster.
"I think that's where the hypocrisy lies in all of this."
But Sinn Féin's Martina Anderson said that was an "absolutely outrageous statement", as she defended her party's Stormont leader.
The MEP asked: "Are you trying to suggest that we, as a party who have been involved in peace-building for many, many years, should not condemn such an attack?
"We should."
Dodgem the election trail
It's all work and no play out there for political journalists, apparently, as they follow the parties around on the campaign.
But wait, what's this? BBC News NI's political correspondent Gareth Gordon seems to be dodging the work while down in Newcastle in County Down this week.
Well, not really - he was filming his profile of South Down, where two parties are vying in a race to the summit, which you can read about here.
And you can see Gareth's full report from the majestic Mourne mountains constituency on BBC Newsline here.
Let's get quizzical
We'll leave you with something to get your mind whirring over the weekend.
Think you know your way around a ballot box? Have a dig through the voting vaults of past general elections with our Parliamentary Challenge.
Test yourself and your friends to see who will top the poll!
BBC News NI's Campaign Catch-up will keep you across the general election trail with a daily dose of the main stories, the minor ones and the lighter moments in the run up to polling day on Thursday 8 June.
Hear more on BBC Radio Ulster's Evening Extra at 17:40 each weekday.
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Samsung has launched a new tablet, the Galaxy Note 10.1.
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The release comes midway through a patent trial involving the South Korean firm and Apple, in which each company has accused the other of copying its technology.
The new Android tablet distinguishes itself from the iPad by featuring a stylus and a screen which can measure 24 levels of pressure sensitivity.
It also allows a split-screen mode in which two apps can be used at once.
In addition Samsung has opted to retain a look it introduced in 2011 placing wider bezels along two of the device's sides. The feature was created after a German court temporarily banned earlier models for infringing Apple's tablet design.
The significance of this is that Apple is seeking damages in the California trial claiming that its rival's original Galaxy Tab computers were "confusingly" similar to its own.
Samsung rejects the accusation saying Apple's US design patent showed "little more than a blank rectangle", and it would go against legal precedent to allow it to monopolise the shape.
The judge overseeing the case has asked the chief executives of both firms to meet again to see if they can resolve the dispute without the need for a court ruling.
According to analysts at IHS iSuppli, Apple had a 69.6% share of the global tablet market in the April-to-June quarter, compared with Samsung's 9.2% share.
Icon designs
The Asian tech firm began calling its witnesses at the trial in San Jose earlier this week after Apple rested its case.
Among them was Dr Woodward Yang, an electrical engineering professor from Harvard University, who backed Samsung's claim that Apple had infringed patents involving sending photos by email and playing music in the background.
Samsung also took evidence from Jeeyuen Wang, one of its designers, who rejected claims she had made reference to or copied the look of Apple's iOS system app icons.
Apple's lawyer then showed the court documents signed by Ms Wang which featured side-by-side comparisons of the two firms' interfaces.
Samsung also presented video testimony from Rodger Fidler, a former employee at the Knight Ridder newspaper group, who developed a mock-up tablet for a concept video in 1994. He said he had shown the prototype to Apple.
The evidence is intended to suggest that Apple's designs were not unique and therefore do not deserve patent status.
Earlier this year a court in the Netherlands rejected a claim that an early Galaxy Tab computer had infringed Apple's design rights after hearing about the Knight Ridder effort.
Damages
Apple is claiming a total of $2.5bn (£1.6bn) in damages claiming seven patent breaches in addition to other trade violations.
The judge could triple that figure if she decides to punish Samsung for wilful misconduct.
For its part the South Korean company is demanding a "reasonable royalty rate" for five patents which it claims Apple has infringed.
Both sides are expected to present closing arguments next week.
However, Judge Lucy Koh has convinced the firms to make one last effort to resolve the lawsuit outside court.
"I see risk here for both sides if we go to a verdict," the judge said according to a transcript provided by Forbes magazine.
"I think it's worth one more attempt. If you could have your CEOs have one last conversation, I'd appreciate it."
Lawyers for the companies said at the very least there would be a telephone conversation involving the businesses.
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A new Royal British Legion Poppy Appeal campaign was launched in London on Thursday, designed to challenge common associations of Remembrance with only World War One and Two veterans. But what did former service personnel, and the members of the public the video installation is aimed at, think of it?
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By Liz JacksonBBC News
The chilly October air was probably partly responsible for the small numbers of people who filled Paternoster Square - but if anything, it made the stark black columns rising from the middle of the square demand attention even more.
As the sound of the voices in the video called across the space, small groups of all ages began to weave their way through the columns to read each of the veterans' stories.
Some of those there admitted they didn't realise their perceptions of Remembrance might be skewed, but many had positive opinions of the campaign.
Claire Baker and Danielle Felton, both 24, from Crewe in Cheshire, agreed they do "initially think of Remembrance as something to do with the older generation".
Danielle said: "You almost forget about the younger veterans but then you see them around - and we have friends in the military as well.
"It just seems to be a bit of an afterthought sometimes."
Both women thought the campaign's message was important and effective.
Claire said: "When most people see an older veteran, they have more respect for them and pay attention because they're an older generation.
"If you heard them tell a story you'd naturally think it was about them, so it's a good way to express that message."
"It's definitely still important to mark Remembrance - 100%," Danielle added.
However, John Bradford, 85, from Stepney Green in London, said: "I don't think in terms of older or younger ex-service people really.
"Remembrance is for all ex-service people and has got broader and broader really - for everyone who died fighting in wars, not just one lot," he said.
John said there are so many different Remembrance events that he wasn't sure whether campaign money would be better spent on providing more help.
"Whether this campaign will make any difference, I can't say - it probably will affect at least some people though," he said.
"I think most of the parades are all the old veterans, so people think the poppy is for them," said Ken Nash, one young veteran whom the Royal British Legion has helped.
The 40-year-old from Catterick in North Yorkshire was left with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 2004 after the tank he was in in Iraq was hit by 18 rocket-propelled grenades during a four-hour attack.
"The new display in London is absolutely brilliant," he said. "The way you have the old veterans doing the talking but it's actually the younger guys' stories they're telling, it's amazing.
"Remembrance is very much for the younger generation as well; the guys who have been in Afghanistan or Iraq and their families too - it's the wider picture and there's loads of help there."
Asked about his own experiences, Ken said: "Up until November 2015 I wouldn't admit to anyone I had an issue and it was only through getting involved with the Legion that I realised I needed to move on because I'd been living in a caravan for two years.
"The RBL funded through the rent and bond scheme to get me into a flat, so I feel a lot more secure than the caravan.
"My daughter is 15 and she will now come and stay when she wouldn't really stay before, and the Legion funded a sofa bed for me so she has somewhere to sleep."
Ken describes himself as an "amateur artist" and added that now, when he wakes up from a PTSD nightmare, he just gets out his charcoals and starts drawing.
And what does the campaign mean for 92-year-old veteran Geoffrey Pattinson, who stars in one of the videos?
"We tend to not think about the conflicts that have gone on since, for example, World War Two, so it's nice to know that the Royal British Legion have opened our eyes to the fact that the young people of today also served, from Iraq to Afghanistan and Aden," he said.
Geoffrey was a Sergeant with 9th Battalion The Parachute Regiment during World War Two and was injured after taking part in D-Day.
"On day four I got injured - I was hit in the back of the legs by machine gun fire. Not too bad, but I couldn't move... so I was evacuated back to England.
"I had to serve on as I was a young soldier, but when I came out in 1947 I went back to my old job in Glasgow and then I moved with my wife to London, and I found it difficult," he said.
"At that time I didn't realise that I probably could have asked for help as a young veteran. I didn't go and find anything out and just fended for myself."
He said this year's focus for the Poppy Appeal was crucial to changing the way people thought of Remembrance, and added: "Through this, the younger people are going to be involved and thought about, and it's important we do think about all veterans whatever branch of the service they're in and however old they are.
"I think the campaign's message will be very effective, and hopefully with the amount of media attention it's received it will be seen and make people think about veterans as a whole."
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Three MEPs have been arrested during a protest against nuclear weapons at an air base in Belgium, the Green Party has confirmed.
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Among them is South West MEP Molly Scott Cato, from Bristol.
The group included a number of Belgian peace activists who scaled the wall of the Kleine Brogel base in the east of the country and blocked the runway.
The MEPs are currently being held in a local police station and questioned.
Ms Scott Cato said they were protesting against the stockpiling of American nuclear bombs.
She tweeted: "Weapons that could kill millions of people puts one's own personal safety into perspective."
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A decision on controversial plans to cut funding to the arts in Gwynedd and close a museum has been deferred.
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Gwynedd council's cabinet heard on Tuesday that almost £5m worth of savings need to be found.
Lloyd George Museum in Llanystumdwy could be closed as part of the cuts.
Council leader Dyfed Edwards said he had received letters from "John O'Groats to Land's End" opposing cutbacks, which have been deferred until April 2017.
Mr Edwards emphasised that the council could not continue to run the museum in the long term.
A decision to halve strategic grants to arts organisation was also deferred until next April.
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Hundreds of volunteer passengers have been getting on board Edinburgh's trams to help check how the new system works.
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Operators said they wanted to carry out a number of realistic exercises to test operational and safety procedures.
Test runs have also been taking place for drivers to get used to the route and flow of traffic. Edinburgh Council hopes services can be launched in May.
The controversial project has seen the construction of a line from Edinburgh Airport to York Place, costing £776m.
A new organisation called Transport for Edinburgh is overseeing the capital's tram and bus services.
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Cult US drama Breaking Bad draws to a close on Sunday night, as viewers find out whether chemistry teacher turned drug dealer Walter White finally has his comeuppance.
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By Mark SavageBBC News entertainment reporter
The level of anticipation is huge. Fans have spent most of the week trying to decipher clues from the last episode's title, Felina (an anagram of finale).
Creator Vince Gilligan is keeping his cards close to his chest. The only person outside the cast who has seen the last script is his girlfriend, he told Rolling Stone.
But ending a much loved, long-running show is a daunting task. Gilligan admits that when he wrote the pilot in 2005, he had no idea where the story would go, beyond the initial concept of "Mr Chips becomes Scarface".
"You'd be surprised to know how little I had figured out," he told BBC Radio 4's Front Row.
"The ending was something that was a bit mysterious to us all right up until a month or two before we finished shooting."
In anticipation of the series' conclusion, here are some of the shows that got their dying moments right, and the ones that failed spectacularly.
THE SOPRANOS
"I think a lot of people thought they were being made a fool of," said Sopranos creator David Chase, of the show's infamous non-ending.
Broadcast in June 2007, the show's 81st episode was called "Made In America". The last scene was set in a diner, filled with images of the American dream. Mafia kingpin Tony Soprano took a seat in a booth, selected Journey's Don't Stop Believing on the jukebox and waited as, one by one, his family arrived.
His daughter Meadow had been having trouble parking her car. As she finally arrived and pushed the door open, the screen faded to black.
Fans were furious. What did it all mean?
Even the leading man was annoyed. "When I first saw the ending, I said, 'What the... ?!'" actor James Gandolfini (Tony Soprano) told Vanity Fair last year.
"I mean, after all I went through, all this death, and then it's over like that?"
Then he added: "After I had a day to sleep, I just sat there and said, 'That's perfect.' "
Many thought Tony had dodged the executioner's bullet, although the prevailing theory - explained at great length online - is that he was shot dead by a mobster who had been hiding in the bathroom.
Chase has always been enigmatic about the ending: "I think that to explain it would diminish it," he once said.
But an interview last year shed more light on his thinking.
"Did Tony die or didn't he die? Well, first of all, it really comes down to this: There was, what, six seasons of that show? Seven? Am I supposed to do a scene and ending where it shows that crime doesn't pay? Well, we saw that crime pays. We've been seeing that for how many years?
"Now, in another sense, we saw that crime didn't pay because it wasn't making him happy. He was an extremely isolated, unhappy man. And then finally, once in a while, he would make a connection with his family and be happy there.
"But in this case, whatever happened, we never got to see the result of that. It was torn away from him and from us."
LITTLE HOUSE ON THE PRAIRIE
For more than a decade, viewers watched the Ingalls family tackle farm life on their 1800s homestead.
Over 184 episodes, they survived tornadoes, teenage pregnancies, typhus and train crashes - and that's just the T's.
But nothing could prepare viewers for the final episode, in 1984, when the residents of Walnut Grove decided to blow up the town.
The episode revolved around a ruthless robber-baron, Nathan Lassiter, who held the deeds to the town, and planned to build a railroad through it. In protest, the residents set the town with dynamite and sent it sky-high.
But the destruction was pragmatic, as well as dramatic.
TV company NBC had built their sets in the Simi Valley, north of Los Angeles, on land leased from the Getty Oil Company - and had agreed to restore the land to its original state when the show ended.
Actor Michael Landon, who wrote and directed the final episode, realised he could incorporate his contractual obligation into the story.
At the time, he called it "a nice catharsis for the cast and crew" but Melissa Gilbert, who joined the cast as a child star, remembers it differently.
"I grew up in and around... all these buildings," she told the Archive of American Television in 2011.
"I got my first kiss behind the church - for real, in real life. And it was just gone.
"It was crushingly sad for all of us."
I MARRIED DORA
I Married Dora was an obscure, unloved US sitcom, notable only for casting a 15-year-old Juliette Lewis in an early role.
The show revolved around a single father, Peter (Daniel Hugh Kelly), who married his Salvadorean housekeeper Dora (Elizabeth Pena) to prevent her deportation.
Created by The Cosby Show's Michael J Leeson, it lasted just 13 episodes before the axe fell.
In the dying moments of the final episode, Peter was seen boarding a plane to Bahrain, only to arrive back in the airport lobby moments later.
"It's been cancelled," he announced.
"The flight?" asked Dora.
"No, our series."
The cast then turned to face the camera and waved "Adios" to their audience, as the shot pulled back to reveal the set and the crew.
NEWHART
Wavy lines. Spooky music. "And it was all just a dream."
Dallas famously undid an entire series when Pam Ewing woke up to find her husband Bobby in the shower - a year after he supposedly died in a car crash.
Crossroads and The Brittas Empire both took place in the imagination of their lead characters, while one episode of Buffy The Vampire Slayer alluded to the fact that Buffy Summers was hallucinating her story from inside a mental institution.
It's a risky device, which can leave viewers feeling hoodwinked - but undoubtedly the best implementation was when the curtain fell on Bob Newhart's 1980s sitcom.
The show told the increasingly bizarre story of a New York author who moves to Vermont and opens an inn.
In its final scene, the comedian abruptly woke up in bed next to actress Suzanne Pleshette, who had played his wife 15 years earlier, in a separate sitcom called The Bob Newhart Show.
"Honey, you won't believe the dream I just had," he said, and the series bowed out to the theme tune of its predecessor.
LOST
Six years after the most expensive pilot in television history, 13.5 million people tuned in to watch the finale of Lost.
Two-and-a-half hours later, chat show host Jimmy Kimmel summed up their reaction: "That's it? Seriously? That's it? Come on. Really?"
The New York Times called the ending a "cop-out" while a fantastically sweary review on Gawker accused the writers of "cheating".
Why? Because after six series of suspense, it turned out the survivors of the show's initial plane crash were dead after all.
It wasn't quite that simple, though. Everyone died at different times, some on the island where they'd been stranded, others many years later.
The cast were reunited in Purgatory (or perhaps the after-life) for a final group hug, and the central mystery was resolved. The island was a cork, designed to contain an evil force so it didn't leak out and infect the rest of the world.
But there were dozens of narrative dead ends, questions and plot points fans needed resolved before they could sleep happy. They didn't get them.
"I make no apologies for it", said the show's creator Damon Lindelof last year. "It's the story I wanted to tell."
"It's not that I didn't care about the mythology of the show, it's just like many shows have come and gone that are very focused on their mysteries and their mythologies and their ambiguity and there is no worse scene in the history of genre than the Architect explaining to Neo everything that happened in The Matrix.
"I wasn't going to touch that with a ten-foot pole."
ST ELSEWHERE
A medical drama made by the Hill Street Blues team, St Elsewhere was set in St Eligius, an understaffed and overburdened Boston teaching hospital.
For the last episode in 1988, writers packed out the drama with endless in-jokes and strange patients, including a fat lady who needed treatment for her lost voice.
As soon as Dr Fiscus (Howie Mandel) cured her and the fat lady sang, the show was over.
Except, that is, for a spooky last scene in which the entire six years of the drama were revealed to have been imagined by Dr Westphall's autistic son, who was seen staring at a model of the hospital set inside a snow globe.
"I never approved of the last episode," said Norman Lloyd, who had played Dr Daniel Auschlander throughout the show's six-season run.
"There are people who think it was the most brilliant inspiration in the history of television. I thought it was a cheat."
But the story gets stranger still. Since St Elsewhere featured a crossover episode with Cheers and some characters later appeared in Homicide: Life on The Street, the boy must have imagined those shows and maybe more too.
"Someone did the math once," said producer Tom Fontana in 2002, "and something like 90% of all television took place in Tommy Westphall's mind. God love him."
BLAKE'S 7
By 1981, Blake (Gareth Thomas) and his gang of space rebels had been battling the evil Federation, led by the crop-haired siren Servalan (Jacqueline Pearce), for four Earth years.
Blake himself had been absent since the second series - but reappeared, disfigured, for the final episode posing as a bounty hunter.
He was shot by his arch-rival Avon (Paul Darrow) and then the rest of the crew died (in slow motion) in a bloody shoot-out with Federation troops.
Broadcast on 21 December 1981 the shocking finale earned writer Chris Boucher the title "the man who killed Christmas".
But the climactic scene was only intended to be a cliffhanger.
Had a fifth series gone ahead, Boucher said, Avon would have survived, and become the show's hero.
"Don't forget you never actually saw him die, did you?" he said. "The freeze-frame ending does leave open the possibility that he may have survived after all."
THE PRISONER
The premise of The Prisoner was simple. A secret agent (Patrick McGoohan) resigns from his job and is taken to The Village, a beautiful but mysterious idyll he is never allowed to leave.
Branded "Number Six", he spends the series trying to discover the identity of "Number One", the shadowy governor of his fate.
The denouement was baffling. Hooded figures danced in a mock court as someone sang "Dem Bones". McGoohan ripped off Number One's mask to reveal... a chimpanzee mask. He ripped that off as well, and found his own face, laughing back at him.
Supposedly an allegory on the role of the individual in society, it was deliberately surreal and utterly confounding. The revelation of Number One's true identity lasted less than a second, in an era before video recorders allowed viewers rewind and rewatch.
It has been suggested the show went off the rails because ITV pulled the plug and gave McGoohan one week to write the finale.
The more likely explanation is that script editor George Markstein, who had spent months curtailing McGoohan's more outlandish ideas, had quit.
Either way, McGoohan was vilified by fans and "hounded" out of the UK after the show was broadcast in February 1968.
"Walking around the streets, it was dangerous!" he told Canadian television in 1977. "They thought they'd been cheated. Because it wasn't, you know, a 'James Bond' Number One guy."
But he claimed to be "delighted" by the response. "I wanted to have controversy, argument, fights, discussions, people in anger waving their fist in my face, saying, 'How dare you?' "
"I was delighted with that reaction. I think it's a very good one. That was the intention of the exercise."
FRIENDS
"We didn't have a gimmick," said Friends creator Marta Kauffman of the series' 236th and final episode.
In an uncontroversial and heartwarming farewell, the show allowed its six characters to move out of New York, and into the next stages of their lives.
Monica and Chandler got their surrogate child, which turned out to be twins ("We only ordered one!"); Joey acquired a new duck; and Ross and Rachel got back together - after a mad dash to the airport in Phoebe's taxi.
The show ended with the cast putting their keys on the kitchen table and leaving Monica's apartment for the last time. "Has it always been purple?" asked Joey.
Kauffman said the writers had been bewildered by the task of wrapping the show up, spending several days staring at blank sheets of paper without writing a word.
But they finally cracked it - taking inspiration from The Mary Tyler Moore Show, in which the cast shared a group hug and filed out of the set, leaving Mary to turn off the lights and close the door.
More than 52 million people tuned in for the finale in the US, much to the delight of advertisers, who had stumped up $2.1m (£1.1m) for a 30-second slot.
"What we hope is that people feel good about saying goodbye to them, and that they're all going to be OK," Kauffman said.
LIFE ON MARS
After an accident, modern-day detective Sam Tyler (John Simm) woke up in 1973, when men were men, and men were also sexist alcoholics in bad trousers.
Over two series, viewers were left to wonder whether his predicament was real, or a fitful by-product of his coma.
In the final episode, Sam learned that corrupt cop Gene Hunt (Philip Glenister) was the "tumour" in his brain. If he could get rid of Hunt, he could go home. The operation (get it?) was nearly over.
Then, he was told the exact opposite: He really was in 1973, and suffering from amnesia after a car crash.
Eventually, the "real" Sam woke up in a hospital in 2006 - but the writers had one final twist in store. He decided he preferred the 70s after all, and jumped off the hospital roof, sending himself back into a coma, and back into the arms of his dream girl, Annie.
The Guardian called it "the perfect finale" but the Express declared the "shaggy dog story" was ultimately "baffling".
Still, it fared better than the short-lived US remake, where Sam turned out to be an astronaut on the first manned mission to Mars, trapped in a malfunctioning hibernation chamber.
The final episode of Breaking Bad is broadcast in the US at 21:00 EST on Sunday, 29 September. It will be available on iTunes and Netflix in the UK shortly afterwards.
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Going to the hairdresser and meeting friends in a garden are all set to become legal again in Wales.
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The Welsh Government is relaxing lockdown rules, with stay at home rules replaced by a requirement to stay local.
Up to four adults from two households will also be allowed to meet up in a private garden in Wales from Saturday.
Non-essential shops remain closed until 12 April, although garden centres can reopen from 22 March.
Wales' first minister also said self-contained accommodation would be allowed to reopen from 27 March, as long as cases remained low, but people can only go with their own household.
Mark Drakeford warned any further reopening in tourism would be halted if holiday providers took bookings from outside of Wales.
The Welsh Conservatives accused the first minister of a U-turn over retail, which Mr Drakeford denied, while Plaid Cymru said Welsh ministers had raised false hopes with businesses.
Shielding for clinically extremely vulnerable people will also be paused from 1 April.
For people living in England, the "stay at home" rule will end on 29 March but holidays within the UK will not be allowed until 12 April at the earliest.
What does 'stay local' mean?
Wales' "stay at home" law will switch to "stay local" on Saturday and there will be guidance on what that means, according to where you live.
It is only likely to last for two weeks, however, ending on 27 March if conditions allow.
"The rule of thumb is that you should think of local as a five-mile radius from where you live," Mr Drakeford said.
"But if you live in a valleys community or a rural area you can exercise your judgement and go a little bit further."
Dyfed-Powys Police Federation representative Roger Webb said forces had not been given any information ahead of the announcement on how officers should engage on the new rules and enforce them.
He said they would use common sense and work "in the best way possible" to make them effective.
South Wales Police urged people to take responsibility for their actions and "to do the right thing".
"As some restrictions ease, there will be people looking to push the boundaries and break the rules. My plea to them is don't," said police and crime commissioner Alun Michael.
What restrictions will be lifted?
From Saturday, 13 March:
From Monday, 15 March:
From Monday, 22 March:
From Saturday 27 March, if case rates remain low:
The Welsh Government also wants to reopen all shops and remaining close-contact services from 12 April, if the situation continues to improve.
Mr Drakeford said he was taking a "careful and cautious" phased approach to lifting restrictions.
"If we do too much too quickly, we will lose control of the virus and set off a new wave of infections," he said.
"And then we would be back at the beginning again, having to re-impose strict measures to protect people's health and save lives."
What do hairdressers say?
Vicky Lewis, who owns Vicki's Salon and Kidz Cutz in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, welcomed the news after another lockdown that had been "horrendous, boring and stressful".
"I have had my salon for 22 years so I've been desperate to work," she said.
"It is also really worrying as you don't know if you still have your clients. It feels like I'm starting over again."
Now she is looking forward to trying to repair the same "overgrown and scary haircuts" she saw after the first lockdown.
Mr Drakeford defended reopening hairdressers before all children were back in school.
He said "schools are our top priority", and the scientific advice was clear that the safest way to get children back in class was to do so gradually.
When will shops open?
Mr Drakeford previously said ministers would look to "begin to reopen some non-essential retail" at this review.
However, that will now begin on 22 March when garden centres can reopen and supermarkets remove the wrapping from their non-essential items aisles.
All other shops are expected to reopen from 12 April and the Welsh Government says it is making an extra £150m available to support businesses affected by ongoing restrictions.
Sara Jones, head of the Welsh Retail Consortium, said the delayed reopening of shops was "deeply frustrating" with the industry losing £100m every week in revenue during lockdown.
"At the last review the first minister opened the door for a possible reopening on Monday and many retailers have taken the leap and invested in their stores and furloughed staff in preparation," she said.
Ms Jones, who is a Conservative councillor in Monmouthshire, added: "[This delay] will simply exacerbate the woes of a stricken industry."
Mr Drakeford told his press conference that he did not "change" his mind on the timetable for reopening non-essential retail.
"Three weeks ago I said that I hoped today we would be able to begin to reopen non-essential retail and that is exactly what we have been able to do," he said.
He said he was "anxious" about reopening non-essential retail in Wales ahead of the same shops being reopened in England.
The first minister said it could act "as a perverse incentive for people to travel across the border."
Non-essential retail in Wales is scheduled to reopen on 12 April, the same date as England.
He added it was "safer" to lift the ban on shops, including supermarkets, from selling non-essential items ahead of fully reopening shops that have been closed.
Garden centre bosses had been frustrated by having to close in lockdown while centres in England remained open.
Nicola Pugh, senior operations manager at Pugh's Garden Village in Cardiff, said she was "delighted" at being given the go-ahead to reopen.
She said they had continued to grow plants locally at their nurseries so they were able to stock their centres in Radyr and Wenvoe.
"We are ready and waiting and have been working hard to ensure safe shopping for all our wonderful customers," Ms Pugh added.
When will shielding end in Wales?
Shielding in Wales for people vulnerable from coronavirus will be paused from 1 April.
The Health Minister Vaughan Gething said with cases lower than December "we must only keep this advice in place for as long as is absolutely necessary".
"In light of the change of context, the Chief Medical Officer has recommended that the advice to the clinically extremely vulnerable to follow shielding measures should be paused after the 31st March," Mr Gething wrote.
When will pubs, restaurants and gyms reopen?
Hospitality firms and gyms have not yet been given a date to reopen.
At his press conference on Friday Mr Drakeford indicated the sectors will be looked at in a future review during April.
He said as they look ahead to the end of that month "if we continue to see an improving public health picture, we will be able to consider what more we can do to support people to meet each other and what we can do to continue reopening our economy, for example, looking at outdoor hospitality, the wedding sector and leisure centres and gyms."
When will people be able to travel abroad?
The first minister accepted he was powerless to prevent people in Wales from travelling abroad if the UK government follows through on its plan to fully reopen foreign travel from 17 May.
But he said he was "asking UK ministers to think very carefully" about allowing foreign travel as early as that date.
"In September we had a really difficult period in Wales because people were coming back from all parts of Europe... bringing infection with them," he said in an interview.
"I really don't want everything we have done together, the sacrifices we have made, to be put at risk by an importation of the virus."
What is the political reaction?
The leader of the Welsh Conservatives in the Senedd, Andrew RT Davies, welcomed the change to stay local.
But he said: "Labour's U-turn on the opening of non-essential retail at such short notice will be a hammer blow for many businesses, and the decision to now align with England in that area shows we could've adopted a similar roadmap weeks ago.
"The ongoing refusal by Labour ministers to do so will only increase frustration in the sectors worst hit by the pandemic and will put more Welsh jobs at risk."
Plaid Cymru leader Adam Price said there had been "poor communication" with non-essential retailers by the Welsh Government that he said had "certainly raised false hopes amongst many businesses" that they would open earlier.
He told BBC Wales those firms had incurred costs "getting ready for opening on Monday and now they're not going to be able to do that".
Plaid also called for families to be allowed to meet from different households before tourism reopens.
Three weeks ago Mark Drakeford said that today he would be looking at beginning the process of re-opening non-essential retail.
Sticking to those words, that's exactly what he's done, but there were a lot of non-essential retailers who thought they would get more.
There will be real anger that he allowing shops which have stayed open, and that includes the big supermarkets, to start selling non-essential goods before small privately owned shops are allowed to.
What are Wales' case rates?
For a period in December, the case rate in Wales was one of the highest in the world - and lockdown was brought in just before Christmas.
However, the rate has fallen significantly during the restrictions and as the vaccination programme is rolled out - it is now at 41 cases per 100,000 people.
It remains below the 50 cases per 100,000 "circuit-breaker" threshold.
What does it look like in the rest of the UK?
In England, all restrictions will be lifted by 21 June at the earliest, as part of a four-stage "roadmap" based on certain conditions being met, such as a successful vaccine rollout.
Scotland has announced that more people will be able to meet up outside from Friday, 12 March, which is earlier than expected.
Meanwhile, Northern Ireland is still to outline its plans to relax restrictions.
What would you change if you were in charge of Wales?
If you had the chance to run Wales, what would be the first thing on your list of things to do? We want to hear what matters to you and why you think it should be sorted.
As politicians across Wales gear up to get your vote in the Welsh Parliament election on 6 May, tell us what the things are that really matter to you and why you think they should be prioritised?
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A revised plan to complete a £4.5m road which links Swansea city centre to the Liberty Stadium has been approved.
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The Morfa distributor road will run parallel to the River Tawe and it is hoped it will also attract businesses to set up along the route.
It aims to reduce traffic pressures on Neath Road in Hafod which suffers from high pollution levels.
Swansea council expects the road to be completed later this year.
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More than half of the 160 BHS stores that closed after the retailer fell into administration a year ago are still sitting empty, according to new research. BBC business correspondent Emma Simpson visits one former site in south east London.
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This time last year Mandy Pickering and the other BHS staff in Bexleyheath, were selling off every last fixture and fitting they could.
BHS was in its final hours, with nearly 90 years of trading about to come to an end.
Now though, she's back on the same shop floor, but the space has been transformed. Another, smaller, department store chain, Morleys has moved in.
"It's the best thing that could've happened to this place," says Mandy.
She's one of around half a dozen former BHS staff who are now working for Morleys at this store in London.
After 18 years at BHS, Sandy Glavin has also joined Mandy in working for Morleys.
"It's like moving out of a house, having it refurbished, and moving back in," says Sandy.
"We're very lucky. Morleys obviously saw the potential and made it so, so better - and everyone in the area thinks so as well."
It was also a great outcome for the new owners of the shopping centre where Morleys is now based.
Allan Lockhart, property director at NewRiver REIT, says: "We acquired Broadway shopping centre in April 2016, shortly before BHS fell into administration, which could've created a large, unattractive vacancy at our shopping centre.
"However, we immediately began working closely with the council [the freeholder] to swiftly secure a desirable new anchor store.
"The introduction of a Morley's department store has been a big success, signalling revitalisation and a vote of confidence for the town."
Not every former BHS location has been so fortunate though, with 82% of the sites still unoccupied, according to new research by the Local Data Company, which tracks occupancy and vacancy rates across all of the UK's main shopping destinations.
This drops to 60% or 96 shops if you strip out the stores which do have agreements in principle for the space to be taken, or are awaiting planning permission for redevelopment.
Meanwhile, four stores have been demolished. One year on since the final BHS stores closed, only 25 have been re-let.
So why have some stores been easier to occupy than others?
"I think it is a reflection of the challenges many high streets face, " says Local Data Company director, Matthew Hopkinson.
"If you look at where retail has moved, much of it has gone to out of town retail parks and shopping centres. In other words, the traditional retailers who would've occupied a BHS have often moved elsewhere.
"Many of these units were also very large, with multiple floors, and costly to re-occupy. "
Stockport's BHS is one of the sites still stubbornly empty, taking up a large corner of the Merseyway shopping centre.
The local council is investing hundreds of millions of pounds to revitalise the town centre. It recently bought the shopping centre, a 1960s style complex which had been starved of investment and ended up in receivership, as part of its regeneration plans.
It doesn't own the BHS store, but its leader, Alex Ganotis, is convinced the vacant site has potential.
"It just doesn't look good that we've got a store this size in the middle of the Merseyway Shopping Centre," says Mr Ganotis.
"It's a successful centre with 95% of units let, with high levels of footfall. We feel this store could easily be re-let."
And he is prepared to consider alternative uses for the site.
"Let's have a conversation," says Mr Ganotis. "The council is willing to work with anyone who has new and imaginative ideas as we do to transform this area.
"It could be re-let as just one store or split up in to a number of different stores or it could be used for other purposes, like leisure."
Creative solutions are being found.
The BHS store on Edinburgh's Princes Street, for instance, is set to be transformed into a hotel with a rooftop restaurant, as well as retail on the ground floor.
And in Taunton, a gym is being planned for the upper level of its former BHS store.
Mr Hopkinson says: "I think we've got to face the brutal facts that the councils and the landlords have got to come together and plan alternative uses.
"That could be food or beverage or it could be leisure, or it could be re-occupied as accommodation. But they won't be re-occupied as shops in the current climate,"
For some town centres, the consequences of the BHS collapse may be felt for many months if not years to come.
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A 33-year-old man found with serious injuries in a flat in Glasgow has died in hospital.
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Police were called to the flat in Summertown Path in the Govan area of the city at about 00:30. The man was taken to the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital but died a short time later.
A 21-year man has been arrested in connection with the incident.
Police said inquiries were ongoing and appealed for anyone with information to contact them.
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Three railway workers narrowly avoided being hit by a train travelling at 125 mph (200 km/h), the Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) has said.
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The organisation said there had been a "near miss" on 18 September on the Dutton Viaduct in Cheshire.
The line-side workers "managed to move clear of the track less than half of a second before the train passed them", the RAIB said.
No-one was injured but the train driver was "shaken by the incident", it added.
The near miss occurred with a southbound Virgin train between Runcorn and Crewe at about 17:00 BST.
The RAIB said it had undertaken a preliminary examination and would a publish a comprehensive report with their findings in the next few months.
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It's five years since authorities in Germany uncovered around 1500 works of art held by Cornelius Gurlitt, then aged 79. He'd inherited the work - by artists ranging from Old Masters to Picasso - from his father, an art-dealer who worked with the Nazis to acquire valuable artworks from Jewish families. Now exhibitions in Germany and in Switzerland are putting highlights on display, in the hope of alerting descendants who may be the rightful owners.
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By Vincent DowdArts reporter, BBC News
Gurlitt suddenly came to public notice in 2013, the German authorities had already known for a year that an astounding hoard of artwork had been found at his addresses in Munich and in Salzburg. The artists ranged from Picasso to Durer and Toulouse-Lautrec.
Initially, officials tried to keep the discovery secret. After all, Gurlitt appeared to have broken no laws. But a news magazine got hold of the story.
The collection had been inherited from Gurlitt's father Hildebrand, a major art dealer who died in 1956. Hildebrand served Germany's Nazi leadership in three ways: he helped acquire important works from Jewish families at prices well below their true value; he sold examples of so-called "degenerate art" abroad; he was involved in assembling pieces for the grand "Fuhrer Museum" planned for Linz in Austria.
The works of art are often described as having been looted from Jewish families. But Rein Wolfs, director of the Federal Art Gallery in Bonn, says images of Nazi stormtroopers violently pulling paintings from walls are misleading.
"This was a long bureaucratic process forcing Jewish owners to sell artwork they owned. For some it became a sort of Departure Tax which meant they were permitted to leave the country for South America or wherever. Eighty years later the question is which parts of the Gurlitt hoard came from that source? It's a massively complex issue."
The Bonn exhibition is one of two running in parallel. The gallery in Bonn is showing 250 pictures which throw light on the insidious process of acquiring the art and on the stories of the rightful owners, many of whom perished in the Holocaust.
The other exhibition is in Bern in Switzerland. It focuses on the issue of "entartete Kunst", or degenerate art, which the Nazis wanted to wipe from German culture.
Wolfs says that programme didn't, as people sometimes imagine, target only Jewish artists. "The Nazis wanted to remove all Modernist works from public galleries and museums: they held Modernism to be against German values. It was a ruthless attempt to eradicate what they mistrusted and hated and there's an obvious parallel with the Holocaust."
No one claims all 1500 works of art were acquired from Jewish families forced into selling: Hildebrand Gurlitt was an active art dealer for many decades. Walking around the exhibition in Bonn with Wolfs the complexity of discovering the provenance (ownership history) of each piece is clear.
"For instance we have a wonderful Monet painting of Waterloo Bridge in London, done in 1903. We have no direct indication it was ever a looted artwork. But we also have to be absolutely thorough and there is a weird detail: we know the mother of Hildebrand Gurlitt in 1938 wrote a note confirming that years before she had given him the Monet as a present for his wedding. But why did the mother even need to affirm that fact? - it seems odd and we are still investigating.
Wolfs points out a couple of smaller paintings by Eugene Delacroix, called Oriental Horseman. "They're another example of the problems we face. There are clearly deficits in our knowledge and we just don't know when they were bought by Hildebrand Gurlitt.
"Everybody expects that the team doing provenance research will come up with answers very fast. But in many cases the books are missing and whole archives no longer exist.
"It seems the Delacroix images are not under suspicion of being looted. But if somebody makes a claim we always investigate seriously. It's one of the main purposes of the exhibitions: we want people to make claims if they believe they are heirs of the rightful owners."
Stefan Koldehoff is a well-known German arts journalist who's written a book about the Gurlitt affair.
"At first the authorities in Germany did not handle the situation well: no one seems to have realised how enormous the story was. But eventually they saw this was a way to portray themselves as people who would do something good for Holocaust victims and for those who are still searching for the artwork."
Cornelius Gurlitt died in 2014 and bequeathed his collection to Bern. But Koldehoff says that, in doing so, he gave the German state a massive task.
"Germany has said it won't release works to Switzerland until every doubt about their history is gone. A whole team is working to achieve this. But as I understand it there are around 400 cases where it's proving very hard or impossible to come up with any answers.
"Only a handful of works have been restituted so far to descendants of owners from the Nazi time. So in the end I'm sure there will always be a remainder which present impossible questions of research. But the exhibitions are genuinely a way of trying to be transparent "
Gurlitt: Nazi Art Theft and its Consequences runs at the Federal Art Gallery in Bonn, Germany until 11 March 2018.
Gurlitt: 'Degenerate Art' runs at the Art Museum in Bern, Switzerland until 4 March 2018
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected].
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A man has been arrested after a drone was spotted trying to deliver a bag of phones, tobacco and drugs to a prison.
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Staff at HMP Liverpool called police after spotting the drone with a package hanging below it at about 00:40 BST.
Officers found it under a van on nearby Stuart Road North, along with a parcel containing the mobile phones, tobacco and cannabis.
A 44-year-old Anfield man is being held on suspicion of attempting to supply prohibited articles into prison.
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It's been a taxing few days. Advisers who promote "aggressive tax avoidance" have been berated by the British government. Meanwhile a new report claims there could be $21tn (£13.5tn) stored away worldwide in offshore accounts.
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By Colm O'ReganComedian and writer
The mind can't comprehend the amount. If it was denominated in $1 bills, it would fill nearly 10,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools. Provided the pools were empty and that it was possible to provide enough security personnel to guard all of the pools. (It would probably be better to use the Army and police rather than a private security firm.)
Put another way, 21 trillion seconds ago, the world was 600,000 years younger and experiencing the Lower Palaeolithic period. This was the time of
Homo heidelbergensis, one of mankind's early ancestors.
Archaeologists say
heidelbergensis was in some ways quite advanced, with rudimentary language and, maybe, a habit of burying the dead.
But they were also extremely primitive. There is a lot of evidence to suggest he had not yet discovered the ability to measure large quantities of anything in terms of how many Olympic-sized swimming pools would be filled - a skill we would regard as essential now.
Overwrought quantification metaphors aside, $21tn is a lot of money to stash.
How would you even go about hiding it? With the entire output of the world's economy only being about $60tn (£39tn) or so, surely like an elephant hiding behind a curtain, you would notice the bulge somewhere?
Except now the elephant isn't even in the room, or in a room on an island somewhere.
According to the Tax Justice Network report
- offshore "refers not so much to the actual physical location of private assets or liabilities, but to nominal, hyper-portable, multi-jurisdictional often quite temporary locations of networks of legal and quasi‐legal entities and arrangements".
So it sounds like some tax advisers have found the entrance to The Matrix.
Wherever it is, it's not in the real world experiencing real things, like tax. The report estimates that if tax was paid on the investment returns, it would yield more than the twice the amount OECD countries are spending at the moment on overseas development aid.
That's probably not how the money would have been spent in the first place. According to the report, a wide range of people might be availing themselves of these schemes: 30-year-old Chinese real-estate speculators, Silicon Valley software tycoons, Dubai oil sheiks, Russian presidents, mineral‐rich African dictators and Mexican druglords.
It conjures up the image of a group of baddies gathered in uneasy truce around a table in a secret location with only one item the agenda: How Do We Stop Superman? Just as they are about to agree a strategy, Superman himself appears and causes chaos for the participants with a selection of his superpowers.
Superman can use lasery eyes to melt all the guns he wants, but he can do nothing about a basic human urge best encapsulated by "plebianbob" one of the commenters on the £21tn story when it was first published earlier this week: "If you were very rich would you willingly pay tax?"
The very rich don't want to pay tax for three reasons:
First, money is lovely and having lots of it is better than not having lots of it.
Second, some very wealthy people collect money and giving it away ruins the aesthetic of the pile they have. It's an inclination common to all collectors.
For example, over time I have accumulated a few hundred books. Although they are of varying quality and there are many I will never read again (or read at all), the prospect of giving any of them away makes me very protective. There'll be a hole in the shelf where it was. I would miss any of them - even the Twilight series.
It's unlikely the Mexican druglords, Chinese property developers and mineral-rich African dictators sit in a library of money, rearranging the bills by alphabetical order and genre, but the impulse to hoard is the same.
Finally, it's about trust. Wealth gives people confidence. Confidence makes them sure of their opinions, and one of their opinions is that they are much better at spending their money than the government is. Allied to this is the fact that for many wealthy people, the tax is not deducted at source. They have to volunteer it.
When your tax is deducted from your wage bill, while you are aware the money was taken and would love to have it back, it was never in your hot little hand. The best you can do is to imagine the good work that money will do to support essential public services - to buy medicine in a hospital or pay the wages of a librarian who suggests a wonderful book to a child who goes on to become a Nobel Laureate poet.
When you're self-employed, it's a different story. You don't have to file until the end of the year, during which time you've become very attached to your money and you would like to see it well-treated.
This attachment convinces you that if you give it to the government, it's going to meet a sticky end. You picture your poor forlorn little notes being grasped in the meaty hand of a politician as they spend it on new curtains for the ministerial office.
By the time it comes to filing day, you are in a spitting rage. Which leads to aggressive tax avoidance.
You can hear
Colm O'Regan
every Saturday on In The Balance, on the BBC World Service, at 11:00 GMT
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Campaigners against plans to build a high-speed rail line through the West Midlands have marched through Stafford in protest.
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Around sixty people turned out to show their opposition to the scheme which the government insists is vital to free up space on the rail network.
The line will first connect London to Birmingham, before going to Manchester.
The route north passes through rural parts of Warwickshire and Staffordshire.
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More than 35,000 people were forced to flee their homes every day in 2018 - nearly one every two seconds - taking the world's displaced population to a record 71 million.
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By The Visual and Data Journalism TeamBBC News
A total of 26 million people have fled across borders, 41 million are displaced within their home countries and 3.5 million have sought asylum - the highest numbers ever, according to UN refugee agency (UNHCR) figures.
Why are so many people being driven away from their families, friends and neighbourhoods?
Devastating wars have contributed to the rise
Conflict and violence, persecution and human rights violations are driving more and more men, women and children from their homes.
In fact, the number of displaced people has doubled in the last 10 years, the UNHCR's figures show, with the devastating wars in Iraq and Syria causing many families to leave their communities.
Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Yemen and South Sudan, as well as the flow of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar to Bangladesh, have also had a significant impact.
Most do not become refugees
While much of the focus has been on refugees - that's people forced to flee across borders because of conflict or persecution - the majority of those uprooted across the world actually end up staying in their own countries.
These people, who have left their homes but not their homeland, are referred to as "internally displaced people", or IDPs, rather than refugees.
IDPs often decide not to travel very far, either because they want to stay close to their homes and family, or because they don't have the funds to cross borders.
But many internally displaced people end up stuck in areas that are difficult for aid agencies to reach - such as conflict zones - and continue to rely on their own governments to keep them safe. Those governments are sometimes the reason people have fled, or - because of war - have become incapable of providing their own citizens with a safe place to stay.
For this reason, the UN describes IDPs as "among the most vulnerable in the world".
Colombia, Syria and the DRC have the highest numbers of IDPs.
However, increasing numbers are also leaving home because of natural disasters, mainly "extreme weather events", according to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), which monitors the global IDP population only.
The next biggest group of displaced people are refugees. There were 25.9 million by the end of 2018, of whom about half were children.
One in four refugees came from Syria.
The smallest group of displaced people is asylum seekers - those who have applied for sanctuary in another country but whose claim has not been granted. There were 3.5 million in 2018 - fewer than one in 10 of those forced to flee.
Places hit by conflict and violence are most affected
At the end of 2018, Syrians were the largest forcibly displaced population. Adding up IDPs, refugees and asylum seekers, there were 13 million Syrians driven from their homes.
Colombians were the second largest group, with 8m forcibly displaced according to UNHCR figures, while 5.4 million Congolese were also uprooted.
If we just look at figures for last year, a massive 13.6 million people were forced to abandon their homes - again mostly because of conflict. That's more than the population of Mumbai - the most populous city in India.
Of those on the move in 2018 alone, 10.8 million ended up internally displaced within their home countries - that's four out of every five people.
A further 2.8 million people sought safety abroad as newly-registered refugees or asylum seekers.
Just 2.9 million people who had previously fled their homes returned to their areas or countries of origin in 2018 - fewer than those who became displaced in the same period.
The world's largest new population of internally displaced people are Ethiopians. Almost three million abandoned their homes last year - many escaping violence between ethnic groups.
The conflict in the DRC also forced 1.8 million to flee but remain in their home country in 2018.
In war-torn Syria, more than 1.6 million became IDPs.
Venezuelans topped the list of those seeking asylum abroad in 2018, with 341,800 new claims. That's more than one in five claims submitted last year.
Hyperinflation, food shortages, political turmoil, violence and persecution, have forced hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans to leave their homeland.
Most left for Peru, while others moved to Brazil, the US or Spain. More than 7,000 applied for asylum in neighbouring Trinidad and Tobago - just seven miles off Venezuela's coast - last year alone.
Annielis Ramirez, 30, is among the thousands of Venezuelans seeking a better life on the islands.
"All my family is in Venezuela, I had to come here to work and help them," she says. "I couldn't even buy a pair of shoes for my daughter. The reality is that the minimum salary is not enough over there.
"I'm here in Trinidad now. I don't have a job, I just try to sell empanadas [filled pastries]. The most important thing is to put my daughter through school."
Those driven from their homelands mostly remain close by
Almost 70% of the world's refugees come from just five countries: Syria, Afghanistan, South Sudan, Myanmar and Somalia, according to the UNHCR. And their neighbouring nations host the most.
Most Syrians have escaped to Turkey and more than half of Afghan refugees are in Pakistan.
Many South Sudanese go to nearby Sudan or Uganda. Those from Myanmar - the majority Rohingya refugees displaced at the end of 2017 - mainly fled to Bangladesh.
Germany, which doesn't border any of those countries with the largest outflows, is home to more than half a million Syrian and 190,000 Afghan refugees - the result of its "welcome culture" towards refugees established in 2015. It has since toughened up refugee requirements.
When assessing the burden placed on the host countries, Lebanon holds the largest number of refugees relative to its population. One in every six people living in the country is a refugee, the vast majority from across the border in Syria.
The exodus from Syria has also seen refugee numbers in neighbouring Jordan swell, putting pressure on resources. About 85% of the Syrians currently settled in Jordan live below the poverty line, according to the UN.
Overall, one third of the global refugee population (6.7 million people) live in the least developed countries of the world.
Many go to live in massive temporary camps
Large numbers of those driven from their home countries end up in cramped, temporary tent cities that spring up in places of need.
The biggest in the world is in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, where half a million Rohingya now live, having fled violence in neighbouring Myanmar.
The second largest is Bidi Bidi in northern Uganda, home to a quarter of a million people. The camp has seen many arrivals of South Sudanese fleeing civil war just a few hours north.
Bidi Bidi, once a small village, has grown in size since 2016 and now covers 250 sq km (97 sq miles) - a third of the size of New York City.
But what makes Bidi Bidi different from most other refugee camps, is that its residents are free to move around and work and have access to education and healthcare.
The Ugandan government, recognised for its generous approach to refugees, also provides Bidi Bidi's residents with plots of land, so they can farm and construct shelters, enabling them to become economically self-sufficient.
The camp authorities are also aiming to build schools, health centres and other infrastructure out of more resilient materials, with the ultimate aim of creating a working city.
Among those living in Bidi Bidi are Herbat Wani, a refugee from South Sudan, and Lucy, a Ugandan, who were married last year.
Herbat is grateful for the welcome he has received in Uganda since fleeing violence in his home country.
"The moment you reach the boundary, you're still scared but there are these people who welcome you - and it was really amazing," he says. "Truly I can say Uganda at this point is home to us."
Lucy says she doesn't see Herbat as a refugee at all. "He's a human being, like me," she says.
However, despite the authorities' best efforts, a number of challenges remain at Bidi Bidi.
The latest report from the UNHCR notes there are inadequate food and water supplies, health facilities still operating under tarpaulins and not enough accommodation or schools for the large families arriving.
Displacement could get worse
Alongside conflict and violence, persecution and human rights violations, natural disasters are increasingly responsible for forcing people from their homes.
Looking at data for IDPs only, collected separately by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), natural disasters caused most new internal displacement cases last year, outpacing conflict as the main reason for people fleeing.
On top of the 10.8 million internally displaced by conflict last year, there were 17.2 million people who were forced to abandon their homes because of disasters, mainly "extreme weather events" such as storms and floods, the IDMC says.
The IDMC expects the number of people uprooted because of natural disasters to rise to 22 million this year, based on data for the first half of 2019.
Mass displacement by extreme weather events is "becoming the norm", its report says, and IDMC's director Alexandra Bilak has urged global leaders to invest more in ways of mitigating the effects of climate change.
Tropical cyclones and monsoon floods forced many in India and Bangladesh from their homes earlier this year, while Cyclone Idai wreaked havoc in southern Africa, killing more than 1,000 people and uprooting millions in Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi.
Idai was "one of the deadliest weather-related disasters to hit the southern hemisphere", the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said.
Although linking any single event to global warming is complicated, climate change is expected to increase the frequency of such extreme weather events.
The WMO warns that the physical and financial impacts of global warming are already on the rise.
Phan Thi Hang, a farmer in Vietnam's Ben Tre province, has told the BBC his country's changing climate has already had a "huge impact" on rice yields.
"There has been less rain than in previous years," he says. "As a result, farming is much more difficult.
"We can now only harvest two crops instead of three each year, and the success of these is not a sure thing."
He says he and his fellow farmers now have to work as labourers or diversify into breeding cattle to make extra cash, while others have left the countryside for the city.
Like Phan's fellow farmers, many IDPs head to cities in search of safety from weather-related events as well as better lives.
But many of the world's urban areas may not offer people the sanctuary they are seeking.
Displaced people in cities often end up seeking shelter in unfinished or abandoned buildings and are short of food, water and basic services, making them vulnerable to illness and disease, the IDMC says. They are also difficult to identify and track, mingling with resident populations.
On top of this, some of the world's biggest cities are also at risk from rising global temperatures.
Almost all (95%) cities facing extreme climate risks are in Africa or Asia, a report by risk analysts Verisk Maplecroft has found.
And it's the faster-growing cities that are most at risk, including megacities like Lagos in Nigeria and Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Some 84 of the world's 100 fastest-growing cities face "extreme" risks from rising temperatures and extreme weather brought on by climate change.
This means that those fleeing to urban areas to escape the impact of a warming world may well end up having their lives disrupted again by the effects of rising temperatures.
By Lucy Rodgers, Nassos Stylianou, Sean Willmot and Clara Guibourg. Interviews on location by Ashley John-Baptiste, Olivia Lace-Evans and Rachael Thorn.
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A former headmaster has been chosen as the Conservative candidate for Police and Crime Commissioner in Cumbria.
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Richard Rhodes, chair of Cumbrian Probation Trust, will stand in the elections on the 15 November.
Labour members have chosen Patrick Leonard, a director of a housing association in Carlisle, as their candidate for the role.
It is likely that the Liberal Democrats will choose South Lakeland Councillor Pru Jupe as their candidate.
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A man has died after being hit by a car on a bypass in Somerset.
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He was on foot on the A303, near Ilminster, when he was struck between South Petherton and Southfields at about 23:30 BST on Wednesday.
Avon and Somerset Police said the next-of-kin of the man in his 30s has now been informed.
Highways England advised the road would remain closed for several hours between Hayes End and South Fields roundabouts and diversions are in place.
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A US record deal for N-Dubz has forced a change of date for what is hoped to be the biggest free music festival in Scotland this year.
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Youth Beatz 2010 had been scheduled to take place on 31 July at Dock Park in Dumfries.
However, the pop trio will now be performing on 16 July instead, before heading out to the US.
Among their support acts will be Fugative, who had a top 40 hit with his latest single Crush.
A spokeswoman for Dumfries and Galloway Council confirmed the date change due to the record deal.
"A condition attached to the deal is that they go to the USA at the end of July or early August to start recording," she said.
"This has resulted in them having to rearrange a number of shows."
She added that the change of date would now see the festival take place over two days, 16 and 17 July.
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A British team is developing a car that will be capable of reaching 1,000mph (1,610km/h). Powered by a rocket bolted to a Eurofighter-Typhoon jet engine, the vehicle aims to show its potential by going progressively faster, year after year. In 2018, Bloodhound wants to run above 500mph. In 2019, the goal is to raise the existing world land speed record (763mph; 1,228km/h) to 800mph. And in 2020, the intention is to exceed 1,000mph. The racing will take place on Hakskeen Pan in Northern Cape, South Africa.
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By Andy GreenWorld Land Speed Record Holder
Plans are developing nicely for our forthcoming "Bloodhound 500" test session later this year.
Bloodhound's chief executive, Richard Noble, has just returned from a hugely busy week of meetings in South Africa.
Richard met with the South African Government, the British High Commission team, a whole list of companies (who all want to help) and a range of national media.
No surprise that everyone is getting excited about Bloodhound going to South Africa this Autumn.
While we're busy planning the event schedule for our test runs (lots of you keep asking for more details; I promise we'll update everyone soon!), there's plenty of research still going on to understand how the car will behave.
One of the key things we are looking at is noise.
How much noise will the car generate? How will this noise affect the structure of the car, the driver (me!) and the watching crowds?
The noise will come from two main sources.
The jet engine and the rocket motor will create a lot (and I mean A LOT) of noise at the back end of the car, with a bit of jet intake jet noise over the cockpit as well.
At supersonic speeds, I don't have to worry about the jet intake noise anymore, as I'll be travelling faster than the sound the jet engine is making.
However, at that point, the supersonic shockwaves start to generate some fairly large "acoustic energy effects".
In other words, they will probably create even more noise than the jet intake, so it's going to be noisy whatever speed we're doing.
You may be surprised to hear that I'm not that worried about the noise levels in the cockpit.
During our "slow speed" (200mph) tests at Cornwall Airport Newquay last year, we found that the cockpit was not as noisy as we had first thought.
If we find it's getting too noisy when we go faster (like supersonic fast), then we can fit a lot more sound-proofing.
We've already got a big box of something called "Basotech" (the same sound-absorbing foam that Ariane rockets use), ready to fit in the cockpit if required.
We're not too worried about the effects on the crowd either, as there are some easy solutions.
First, we'll be monitoring the noise levels at the edge of the track, when the car runs.
If it gets too noisy, then we'll simply move the crowd line back further (don't worry if you're coming to see us, it won't be too far and you'll still get a fabulous view!).
In fact, the main problem may come when we get round to timing our final runs, to set a new World Land Speed Record.
At this point we need FIA timekeepers, who traditionally use a few hundred metres of cable to record their timing light signals.
We've already warned them that they are probably going to need wireless timing equipment, as they are likely to be a kilometre of more back from the track.
The real thing we're concerned about is the noise effects on the car.
Back in 1997, when we set the current World Land Speed Record, we saw quite a lot of acoustic damage to the car.
This included cracking of the titanium panels at the rear of the car, due to the shattering noise of the jet engine exhaust.
The supersonic shockwaves also did their fair share of damage.
We had to replace one of the body panels under the car, which was cracked by shockwave vibrations.
Things like rocket motors can produce so much energy that they risk destroying the vehicle (usually a spacecraft) that they are attached to.
For example, the Space Shuttle had to use massive water sprays to damp down the acoustic energy at launch. And I do mean "massive' - they sprayed over one million litres of water on to the launch pad in just over half a minute, to prevent acoustic damage to the payload and crew. That's a lot of water and a lot of noise.
Bloodhound is not going to be using anything the size of the Shuttle main engines, which is just as well, as there's nowhere on the car to keep a million litres of water.
We can't just ignore the problem, though.
Between them, the Rolls-Royce jet engine and the Nammo hybrid rocket will make Bloodhound SSC the loudest (as well as the fastest) car in history.
We need to make sure that all this noise is not going to damage the back end of the car.
This is where our new best friend Nick Eaton of Space Acoustics comes in.
Nick is developing an "advanced numerical solution to noise from turbulent mixing" for Bloodhound.
In short, that means he's modelling the noise.
His first model is for a speed of Mach 0.8, in other words 80% of the speed of sound, or around 600mph.
That's comfortably above our Bloodhound 500 target for this year of 500+ mph, to give us some worst-case noise figures to look at for this year's testing.
This year's test runs will be with our EJ200 jet engine only, as the rocket development will not be completed until next year.
For the test programme, that makes things simpler, as we can focus on two cases - jet engine at full power (measuring the total noise exposure of the car) and jet engine off (measuring the noise from the airflow only, as the car slows down).
That will give us accurate figures for the airflow noise and, by measuring the difference with power on, for the jet engine noise.
Nick can then use these figures to improve the accuracy of his model (if required), before we fit the rocket and start doing supersonic runs.
Before I talk about the expected noise levels, I have to touch on the difficult subject of noise measurement.
Nick's figures are looking at something called the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), which is a measure of the pressure caused by the sound waves.
This is ideal for Bloodhound's requirements, as we want to understand how the sound might affect the structure of the car, so it's the pressure that we're interested in.
Slightly confusingly, the sound pressure is different to the power or energy of the sound wave, for reasons I won't attempt to explain - just take my word for it.
The SPL is measured relative to a reference pressure, which is the quietest sound that you can hear.
To make things a bit more complicated, it's measured on a logarithmic scale, in units called decibels, or dB.
The quietest sound your ear can detect is reference pressure at 0 dB(SPL).
On this scale, 20 dB(SPL) is 10 times the sound intensity of 0 dB, and 40 dB(SPL) is 100 times the intensity. Confused? Yes, me too. Let's stick to some simple examples.
If 0 dB(SPL) is the quietest sound you can hear, then the "pain threshold" of sound, where the noise starts to cause you injury, is around 120-130 dB(SPL).
The variation is because the pain threshold is slightly subjective: a really loud (130 dB(SPL)) rock concert may well be "great music" to a 20-year old and "painful noise" to someone over 40….
With 130 dB(SPL) as a "painfully loud" reference (at least for me - I'm over 40), the sound levels around BLOODHOUND may make a bit more sense.
The predicted noise level (SPL) at the cockpit is 135 dB, so it may not be comfortable, but it's nothing to be scared of.
I'll be wearing a full-face helmet and Ultimate Ear moulded earplugs (like you see the F1 drivers using), so I'm well protected against this level of noise.
Of more interest is the prediction for noise at the back on the car, where the SPL figure is 150 dB. This is really quite loud. Unhelpfully, most of the examples of this kind of noise level are things like military jet engines or heavy artillery gunfire.
Unless you work with military jets or heavy artillery, this doesn't mean much.
More exciting is the sort of effects that it has on the human body, which are variously quoted as "chest cavity vibrates", "giddiness" and "choking".
This noise level will damage more than just your hearing.
OK, we'll make sure that we all keep well back.
Question is, what's it going to do to the car itself?
Now that we have this data, our engineering team can start to look at exactly this question.
Better still, we can measure the effects on the car when we start testing it later this year.
If you want to see how we get on, come along and join us for our first high-speed test session this autumn in South Africa. We'd love to see you there.
Don't forget to bring your earplugs.
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A man has been arrested after another man was found dead at a house.
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Police were called to the Spinners Croft, Trowbridge, by paramedics at 05:20 GMT after the man, in his 50s, was found dead.
A Wiltshire Police spokesman said officers were treating the death as suspicious.
A man in his 20s has been arrested in connection with the death. He is currently in custody in Melksham for questioning.
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A selection of your pictures of Scotland sent in between 4 and 11 December. Send your photos to [email protected]. Please ensure you adhere to the BBC's rules regarding photographs that can be found here.
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Please also ensure you follow current coronavirus guidelines and take your pictures safely and responsibly.
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However, you will still own the copyright to everything you contribute to BBC News.
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You can find more information here.
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Last month, BBC Africa Eye exposed a thriving black-market trade in babies in the Kenyan capital, Nairobi. Police arrested seven people on trafficking charges in response to the story, but what about the women on the other side of these illegal deals? What drives a mother to sell her child?
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By Joel GunterBBC Africa Eye
Adama's life was easy when she had her parents, she said. Money was tight, and her options were already narrow, but there was an order to things that made sense. She attended school and cherished it. She had few worries. Then her father died when she was 12, and her mother died a few years later.
"Life became so hard then," she said, in a conversation from her village in rural western Kenya. "I had to drop out of school and fend for myself."
At 22, Adama met a man and got pregnant, but he died three days after their baby daughter was born. Her loneliness deepened. She nursed her baby through an infant sickness until the girl improved, at about 18 months, then a steady income was needed to keep them both alive. So Adama left the baby with her elderly grandmother and headed to Nairobi to find work.
"Bear in mind you are going to get a living for your child," her grandmother said.
Adama arrived in Nairobi and began by selling watermelon on the street, but it didn't pay enough and her housemate stole any money she left at home. Life in the city was hard too: she has a scar at the top of her forehead, just under her cropped hair, from defending herself. "Some men were playing with me and it reached a point I had to fight back," she said.
She moved on to work on a construction site, where she wasn't paid at all, and from there to a nightclub, where she instructed her boss to send her pay directly back to her grandma in the village. After a while, Adama took a little more of her pay in Nairobi so she could rent a place to live. She found a new job with slightly better wages at another construction site, and met a man there. The two dated for a while and he told her he wanted to have a child.
Adama offered him a deal — if she could bring her baby girl to live with them, they could have a child together. He agreed, and for five months of Adama's pregnancy he paid the rent and bills and bought food for their home, and Adama waited for the right time to bring her baby girl into the city. Then he left one day and never came back.
Many women will know the anxiety of preparing to bring a child into the world without enough money to feed one person, let alone two. Most will never contemplate selling a child to a stranger. But for some expectant mothers in poverty in Kenya, selling a baby to traffickers has become the last in a limited number of options for survival.
The traffickers pay shockingly low sums. Sarah was 17 when she fell pregnant with her second child, with no means to support the baby, she said. She sold him to a woman who offered her 3,000 Kenyan shillings - about £20.
"At that point I was young, I never thought what I was doing was wrong," she said. "After five years it hit me, and I wanted to refund her the money."
She said she knew other women who had sold babies for similar sums.
"Many girls sell their babies due to challenges. Maybe she has been chased from home by her mum and she has nothing, or she was still in school when she got pregnant. That is too many problems for a girl who is 15 or 16.
"You will find girls losing their baby and everything they own because there is no one to hold their hand."
Kenya has one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancy in Africa, and health experts say the problem has worsened during the coronavirus pandemic, with some women pushed into sex work to survive and girls losing the structure of the school system.
"I've heard so many stories of women and girls in this situation. Young women are coming into cities looking for jobs, getting into relationships, conceiving, and being abandoned by the father of their child," said Prudence Mutiso, a Kenyan human rights lawyer who specialises in child protection and reproductive rights.
"If the father will not pay, then these women and girls have to find other ways to substitute for that income. And that is what drives them to these baby sellers, so that they can get some form of income to support themselves and perhaps children they already have back home. People don't speak about this in the open, but it is there."
Adama hid her pregnancy for as long as she could at the construction site, until she could no longer carry heavy bags of cement or disguise her bump. Then she had no income to cover her rent. For three months, her landlord gave her grace, then he kicked her out and boarded the place up.
At eight months pregnant, Adama began breaking back into the house late at night just to sleep and leaving first thing in the morning.
"On a good day I would be lucky to get food," she said. "Sometimes I would just drink water, pray, and sleep."
When a woman finds herself in Adama's position in Kenya, several factors can converge to push them into the hands of traffickers. Abortion is illegal unless the life of the mother or the child is at risk, leaving only dangerous unlicensed alternatives on the table. There is also a significant lack of sex and reproductive health education for adolescents, particularly in rural areas, as well as a lack of awareness around legal adoption processes.
"Women and girls with unwanted pregnancies do not have support from the government," said Ibrahim Ali, Kenya programme manager for the charity Health Poverty Action. "These women have often been victimised and stigmatised, especially in rural areas, and they tend to run away, and that puts them in vulnerable situations in cities."
Adama had no idea what legal options would be open to her to give up her child safely, and no understanding of the adoption process. "I was not aware of it at all," she said. "I had never heard of it."
She contemplated a backstreet abortion, she said, but could not reconcile the idea with her faith. Then she contemplated taking her own life.
"I was so stressed, I started thinking how I would commit suicide by drowning myself, so people could just forget about me."
But a few weeks before her due date, someone introduced Adama to a well-dressed woman named Mary Auma, who told her not to have an abortion or end her life. Mary Auma runs an illegal street clinic in the Nairobi slum Kayole. She gave Adama 100 shillings and told her to come to the clinic the following day.
Mary Auma's makeshift clinic is not really a clinic, it's two rooms hidden behind an inconspicuous shopfront on a Kayole street. Inside there are a few mostly empty shelves scattered with old medicinal products, behind which are the rooms for women to give birth. Auma sits inside with her assistant, buying and selling babies for a profit, without the inconvenience of having to check who is buying them or what for.
She told Adama that her buyers were loving parents unable to conceive, who would provide for a much-wanted child. But in reality Auma will sell a baby to someone who walks in off the street with the right amount of cash. Auma also tells expectant mothers that she is a former nurse, but she does not have the medical equipment, skills, or sanitation to deal with a serious problem during childbirth. "Her place was dirty, she would use a small container for blood, she had no basin, and the bed was not clean," Adama recalled. "But I was desperate, I didn't have a choice."
When Adama arrived at the clinic, Mary Auma gave her two tablets without warning, to induce labour, Adama said. Auma had a buyer lined up and she was anxious to make a sale. But when Adama gave birth, the baby boy developed chest problems and needed urgent care, and Auma told Adama to take him to hospital.
After a week in hospital, Adama was discharged with a healthy boy. The landlord that had kicked her out when she was pregnant allowed her to return and she nursed the baby. Shortly after she ran into Mary Auma again at the market, she said, and Auma gave her another 100 shillings and told her to come to the clinic the next day.
"New package has been born," Auma texted her buyer. "45,000k."
Mary Auma wasn't offering Adama the 45,000 shillings — £300 — she was quoting the buyer. She offered Adama 10,000 — about £70. But Mary Auma didn't know the buyer she had lined up was an undercover reporter working for the the BBC, as part of a year-long investigation into child trafficking.
When Adama went to the makeshift clinic the next day, she sat in the backroom, cradling her baby son in her arms. In a whispered discussion, the supposed buyer told her she had other options, and Adama had a change of heart. She left the clinic that day holding her son, and took him to a government-run children's home, where he will be cared for until a legitimate adoption can be arranged. The BBC asked Mary Auma to respond to the allegations in this story, but she declined.
Adama is 29 now, and living again in the village where she was raised. She still goes to bed hungry sometimes. Life is still hard. She gets occasional work at a small hotel nearby but not enough. She struggles not to drink. She dreams of opening her own shoe shop in the village and bringing in shoes from Nairobi, but it is a distant dream. She has no contact with her son, but she has no regrets.
"I was not happy selling my child, I did not even want to touch that money," she said. "When there was no money involved in giving him up, then I was OK."
She knows the neighbourhood around the children's home where she left her son. It is near the house she was kicked out of when she was almost ready to give birth to him. "I know the area is safe," she said, "and the people looking after him are good."
Additional reporting by Njeri Mwangi. Photographs by Tonny Omondi for the BBC.
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Young people need to sharpen up their act at recycling, according to the latest figures.
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Recycling habits must improve to avoid contaminated waste and those aged 18 to 34 are the worst offenders, Recycle for Wales said.
So how rubbish are YOU at recycling? Take our quiz to find out.
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Colin Jackson is to be awarded an honorary fellowship at Wrexham Glyndwr University.
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The former 110m hurdles world record holder was nominated for services to sport.
An Olympic silver medallist in 1988, Mr Jackson was also a two-time world and Commonwealth champion and four-time European champion.
Cardiff-born Mr Jackson, who now works as a BBC athletics pundit, will receive his fellowship in October.
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A cyclist has died in a crash with a van in a suspected hit-and-run.
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Michael Waistell, 58, was cycling on Mowbray Road, Hartlepool, at about 06:45 BST when the collision happened. He died at the scene.
Police are trying to trace a white Transit van with a blue logo which failed to stop at the scene.
Cleveland Police has appealed to anyone who saw the vehicle in the Catcote Road, Fens or Owton Manor areas between 06:00 and 07:30 BST to contact them.
Related Internet Links
Cleveland Police
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The Conservative Party has a majority in the new Parliament and, in theory, the ability to pass whatever laws it wants. Here are some of the things the party has promised to do.
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Key policies
Many of the party's main pledges were in its manifesto, but some were also made later in the election campaign. The party said it would:
Below are some of the other key pledges made in the party's manifesto
Economy
Jobs and investment
Taxation and welfare
Immigration
Education and the NHS
Heritage, sports and government
Justice
Pensions and inheritance
Foreign affairs and defence
Others
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Everybody thinks they know what an "alcoholic" is, but what about those who drink too much but fall short of the common definitions of alcoholism? Should there be a word that bridges the gap between alcoholic and non-alcoholic?
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By Olivia Sorrel-DejerineBBC News Magazine
The term alcoholic - on its own to denote someone addicted to alcohol - was first used in 1852 in the Scottish Temperance Review.
Since then, millions of heavy drinkers have been confronted by friends and families with the stark question: "Are you an alcoholic?"
And millions have denied it. Rejected the label. Confessed only to maybe, possibly drinking too much. But utterly denied the A-word.
Alcoholics are people who fall asleep in skips. Alcoholics get into fights. Alcoholics start the day with a shot of whisky. Alcoholics are drunk all the time. Alcoholics can't hold down jobs.
None of the above is necessarily true, but the intensely negative nature of the word alcoholic leaves some people scrabbling for an alternative.
"There is so much stigma," says Kate, author of the blog The Sober Journalist. People are so frightened of it - their head fills with images of men drinking under bridges. "There is this huge number of people out there who don't fit that stereotype but perhaps their drinking isn't quite normal."
Kate went to Alcoholics Anonymous meetings when she started to think she was drinking too much, about four or five years ago. "I felt I was out of place, I wasn't alcoholic enough. I felt that everyone else had worse problems with drinking than I did," she says.
There are other words for people who drink a lot. There is everything from the lightly derogatory "lush" to the more flowery "bibulous" to the prosaic "heavy drinker".
But there is nothing as succinct as alcoholic. And some believe that this gap has an effect.
Professionals have started using other terms that would not be as negative as alcoholic because "many doctors feel that it is quite difficult to engage a patient if you talk to them about alcoholism", says Dr Sarah Jarvis, a consultant for Patient.co.uk.
People have such vivid mental images of what it means to be an alcoholic that they measure themselves against that standard and do not seek help.
"They all have an idea of what an alcohol or problem drinker is but there is a different pattern for every drinker," Jarvis says.
Not all experts share this view, however.
There's a danger that avoiding the term "alcoholism" will only serve "to reassure people their drinking is OK when it isn't", says Moira Plant, emeritus professor of alcohol studies at the University of the West of England.
She agrees the widespread impression of the alcoholic as a vagrant or street-drinker prevents higher-functioning people with drink problems from seeking help. But she says the best way to tackle this is to correct false stereotypes, not downplay the situation faced by such individuals - many of whom are already in denial.
"People normalise heavy drinking," she says. "They tend to overestimate what everyone else drinks. They say, 'I don't drink as much as my friends so it's OK.'"
There have been other words to describe someone drinking too much. In the 19th Century "inebriate" was a popular term and the word "drunkard" goes all the way back to the 15th Century.
England's Department of Health recommends that men should not regularly drink more than three to four units of alcohol a day and women should not regularly drink more than two to three units a day.
But drinking above these recommendations does not necessarily mean that the person is an alcoholic. It just means increased risk of health damage.
"An alcoholic is anyone who is dependent on alcohol and who is drinking to a level that will endanger their health," Dr Jarvis says.
The term alcoholic is very much alive in the vocabulary of ordinary people, says Tim Leighton, director of professional education and research at Action on Addiction.
"In Europe and in the UK, there was a move away from the term in the 1960s; it was seen as derogatory. We now talk about 'alcohol dependence', but you don't hear people in the street saying he is an 'alcohol dependent,' they say he is an 'alcoholic,'" he says.
Dr Jarvis says it is a shame the words "hazardous" or "harmful" drinker aren't used more widely.
The issue with the use of the word "alcoholic" is that it is narrow. "You are either one or you are not," Leighton says. "This is why some people prefer the term 'alcohol dependence'. You can be an alcoholic without drinking too much - it is all about dependence, about losing control."
For a long time, it was a strict category, there were specific criteria and if you fulfilled these criteria, you were an alcoholic, says Joseph Nowinski, one of the authors of the book Almost Alcoholic.
This is a stage for a lot of controversy - as long as you didn't meet the alcoholic criteria, you would say, "I am not an alcoholic so I don't have a drinking problem", he says.
"There has never been a word for people who come to the point of asking themselves the question, 'Do I have a problem or not?'"
Based on this, Nowinski and Robert Doyle came up with the concept of being an "almost alcoholic" to describe people who are not alcoholics but who "fall into a grey area of problem drinking".
"The almost alcoholic zone is actually quite large. The people who occupy it are not alcoholics. Rather, they are men and women whose drinking habits range from barely qualifying as almost alcoholics to those whose drinking borders on abuse," they wrote in the Atlantic.
"An expanded view of drinking behaviour in terms of a spectrum as opposed to discrete categories might be viewed by some as opening the door to over-diagnosing the associated problems. We believe the opposite will prove to be the case: that this paradigm shift will allow people to recognise problems earlier and to seek solutions without having to be labelled as alcoholics."
"There is a huge range of alcohol problems," Leighton says. "A lot of people with alcohol problems are not alcoholics."
Until a new label is popularised there will be people who struggle to admit they have a problem, he says.
But for Kate, the existing term has come to make sense as her recovery has progressed.
"I feel that eight months ago I wouldn't have said that I was an alcoholic and now I could say I am because I know what it means," she says.
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On a tablet? Read 10 of the best Magazine stories from 2013 here
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Australia's treasurer has revealed that a plunge in the price of the country's biggest export, iron ore, has blown a huge hole in the national budget. With coal mining communities already struggling, iron ore towns are now feeling the first wave of shocks that will ripple through Australia's economy.
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By Julian LorkinSydney
One such town, Port Hedland in Western Australia's remote Pilbara district, has seen hardship before but this time round it will be tough, according to Port Hedland Chamber of Commerce managing secretary Arnold Carter.
"Everyone is worried," the 87-year-old former deputy mayor told the BBC.
"Fear of the unknown is the biggest handicap. Miners won't spend when they can't see past the end of next week," he said.
On Friday, mid-tier iron ore miner Atlas Iron announced it would mothball its operations in the remote town, 1,660 km (1,030 miles) north of Perth. Atlas employs about 500 people across its production assets and another 75 people in its Perth office.
Contractors hurting
But it is more than direct jobs that are at stake, Mr Carter said.
"It goes all the way down the line to the subcontractors and where they spend their money, such as the shops in the town," he said.
"Those hurting the most are the small suppliers. Atlas has an army of subcontractors that supply fuel, trucks, tools, and even accommodation for the fly-in, fly-out workers.
"Thankfully, Atlas is only one of a number of projects in Port Hedland. We're hoping it doesn't get any worse."
But by Monday, trucking group McAleese had asked the Australian Stock Exchange to suspend trading in its shares, while it considered the implications of losing its biggest customer, Atlas, and half its earnings. It had employed 400 workers and provided 100 trucks to Atlas.
"Drivers are just one set of workers who will see their cash dry up within weeks," said Mr Carter.
"Even people who make the meals and beds [in town] will now be sitting around without an income."
At US$47 a tonne the price of iron ore is less than half its level year ago. It is a long way from the days when you had to pay A$2,500 (US$1,894) a week to rent a house in Port Hedland - more than some Australians earn in a month.
Shareholders and owners are seeing value evaporate, too. One of the most high profile is Australian businessman and politician Clive Palmer. His prized asset, the Sino Iron project in the Pilbara, has been written down by A$2.3bn (£1.9bn; $1.7bn).
Citigroup is forecasting iron ore to slide to below US$40 a tonne during the year and remain below that level for the next three years, potentially wiping out the profitability of almost every Australian iron ore miner other than the big two, Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton.
Australian Federal Treasurer Joe Hockey has gone further, factoring in a fall to US$35 a tonne.
That price would reduce budget revenue forecasts by A$25bn (£13bn; $19bn) over the next four years.
It is not just Western Australia and iron ore that is feeling the downturn.
The price of coal has fallen to just above US$60 per metric ton, down from US$140 four years ago and leading to the closure of mines on Australia's east coast.
'This one is different'
The fall in the price of iron and coal are linked, according to Janu Chan, Senior Economist at St George Bank.
"A downturn in the Chinese property sector means less coal for energy and iron for building are needed, adding to a glut of commodities."
China's coal imports fell by nearly half in the first quarter of the year. ANZ Bank has forecast growth in China to fall to 7%, its slowest since 2009.
"Last year, Australia exported over A$40bn of coal, much of it to China," said Ms Chan. "This year, there isn't nearly as much."
Mr Carter has lived in Port Hedland for over half a century. He has seen some rough times in what can be a tough environment but this commodity downturn is shaking the mining industry.
"Previously, we had short-term slowdowns, and even in 2008 it was just a question of suspending construction for a while but mines carried on operating," he said.
"We quickly bounced back, and the boom times rolled again.
"This is the fourth downturn I've suffered but this one is different. This is the sharpest decline in ore prices I've ever seen. It's nasty and no-one is immune."
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Cosmetic procedures from injections that plump up the skin to breast enlargement have come under intense scrutiny.
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By James GallagherHealth and science reporter, BBC News
A report for the Department of Health in England warns a lack of regulation has led to a "crisis waiting to happen".
It has also attacked companies for putting profits before patients.
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The deadly attack on Bangladesh's Holey Artisan Bakery cafe, which killed 20 people, sent shockwaves through the country. But, two months on, many questions remain - and there is still disagreement over who carried out the attack. The BBC's Anbarasan Ethirajan speaks to one woman looking for answers, and still awaiting the body of her husband.
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Sonia Akther usually received a telephone call from her husband, Saiful Islam Chowkidar, every night. He was anxious to know about the health of his seven-month pregnant wife. But on the night of 1 July he didn't call. Ms Akther felt a bit strange but she went to bed.
The shock came at midnight when someone told her that the restaurant where her husband worked in the capital Dhaka was under attack.
Ms Akther desperately called her husband's mobile, but there was no response. With no other option, she spent the night nervously watching news on television.
She feared the worst. A group of Islamist gunmen had stormed the Holey Artisan Bakery where her husband was working as a pizza chef and killed more than 20 people, most of them foreigners.
She had a ray of hope when news came in the morning that most staff members were safe. But then devastating news reached her. Mr Chowkidar was the only cafe employee who died on the night of the siege.
Another staff member, Zakir Hossain Shawon, died a week after the siege at a hospital while under police custody. Police said he was injured in the attack - but his family told AFP news agency he had been tortured.
Ms Akther wept inconsolably when she spoke to me on the phone from their village in Shariatpur district, central Bangladesh. Mr Chowkidar had planned to visit their home soon, to buy gifts for their two daughters, aged nine and seven, for the Muslim religious festival of Eid.
"How can this happen? He was the only earning member of the family. What will I do with my two daughters?" Ms Akther lamented.
But their suffering did not end there. The family wanted to give him a dignified burial, as per Muslim tradition. But the Bangladeshi police have refused to hand over the body of Mr Chowkidar, saying he's a suspect and they need time to investigate.
"My world turned upside down when I heard the news. He's innocent. There's no evidence against him. We have only one request, please hand over his body. We want to bury him," Ms Akther said.
The death of Mr Chowkidar is one of the unsolved mysteries in the Dhaka cafe attack.
It is unclear how he died and who killed him. And it is unclear whether he could be a suspected militant, as police say, or whether he is simply an innocent victim, as his family claim.
Mr Chowkidar's colleagues say he was making pizza near the main entrance of the cafe when gunmen ran into the building firing guns and detonating home-made bombs. After the siege ended, Mr Chowkidar's body was found ridden with gunshot wounds.
What exactly happened was a mystery - and even the authorities seemed unsure.
In the days after the attack, some officials suggested that Mr Chowkidar might have been shot dead by security forces who mistook him for a gunman.
In another report, police said they had mistaken Mr Chowkidar, a hostage, for one of the militants - but would not confirm whether he had been killed by security forces during the siege.
These reports were later denied by the authorities, who said Mr Chowkidar was "a suspect[ed] member" of the militants.
And which group was behind the attack? That is also disputed.
The Islamic State group said it carried out the attack, and a website linked to the group posted pictures of five men it said were involved in the assault.
The five men featured in the photographs were eventually named by police - and Mr Chowkidar was not among the five.
But the authorities denied IS was involved, and said the attack was the work of domestic militants from the banned Jamayetul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) group.
Mr Chowkidar was popular with colleagues at Holey Artisan Bakery, who do not believe he was involved.
MD Delwar Hossain, an assistant chef in the restaurant who survived the attack, said claims that Mr Chowkidar was a militant were "not true, totally incorrect".
"Saiful was a very good person. We didn't notice any bad behaviour or bad attitude from him. He was just a chef over there, a normal staff member like us," he said.
"He was a very good person and a chef - nothing more than that."
'A happy man'
One of the owners of the restaurant, Ali Arsalan, remembers his last moments with Mr Chowkidar with fondness.
"A couple of hours before the attack started, I collected some pizzas from him to give to a friend. He said the orders were picking up and he might need an additional hand."
The pizza chef was quite "a happy man, and hard working," Mr Arsalan said.
The Bangladeshi police say Mr Chowkidar is still a suspect and investigations are going on to find out whether there was any link between him and the militants.
"After finishing our investigation, we can tell you about his role in that incident," Masudur Rahman, a spokesperson for Dhaka Metropolitan Police told the BBC.
Mr Rahman said they were withholding his body for further forensic examination and awaiting a report.
"After we complete our DNA test report then we will decide, and if the family members apply to get the dead body then we will consider it," Mr Rahman said.
In the meantime, Mr Chowkidar's family say they have not received any financial help from anyone and are not sure how will they survive in the future without any income.
They fervently hope that his name is cleared and that they will not have to live under a shadow of suspicion.
Mr Chowkidar's body may be handed over to the family eventually but Ms Akther says a part of her also dreads the day.
"My two daughters are too young to understand what has happened to their father. They keep calling his mobile every day but it's switched off.
"My youngest one still thinks that he is in Dhaka and will be coming home soon with gifts."
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Modest and quietly spoken but with a penchant for the nattiest threads this side of the Tana River, JS Ondara has, in the space of several years, moved to America, taught himself how to play guitar, released an album with Decca Records and supported rock royalty on a US tour.
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By Kev GeogheganArts and entertainment reporter
"It's a little overwhelming in some ways, so I try not to think about it so much," he explains backstage at The Great Escape Festival in Brighton.
"Because when I think about it, I get really emotional. It's just like, 'Whoa, this is not real life'."
There he is mistaken. His fairytale rise is very real as are his affecting vignettes of life as an immigrant in the United States, laid bare on his debut album Tales of America - which was released in February.
Weaved in among his tales of love and yearning are songs like the provocatively-titled God Bless America, which reveals Ondara arguably at his most personal as he pleads: "Will you let me in, or are you at capacity?/Will you set me free, are you holding on to history?"
The album opener American Dream pits sparse, chilled double bass-driven instrumentation against violently vivid lyrical imagery: "Lover don't you come down/Without a sword or a gun." The black-and-white video features a young black teenager apparently arresting a uniformed police officer.
"I think, being a folk singer travelling around singing songs, I get to experience all parts of America and the experience is usually positive," he says.
"Maybe that's just because I'm playing songs that people like and maybe that's not a very objective perspective."
He adds: "But there's definitely a growing intolerance towards immigrants at the moment and immigration, and as an immigrant myself, I get caught up in that emotionally. And I'm hoping that, you know, by sort of talking about it, we'll sort out if we can, you know..."
The intolerance Ondara speaks of finds itself squarely back in the news after the US President Donald Trump was criticised for his recent attacks on non-white US congresswomen - all US citizens and, bar one, all born in the US.
"Maybe it's a backlash from the presidency and all the toxicity that has brought, has sort of inspired a group of people to speak up," says Ondara of his songwriting.
"In some ways, maybe this good thing that does come out of these troubling times is people are rising up, more people are being more audible. They want to be heard, and protect the rights of minorities and people who, historically, may not have equal rights."
The singer was born and raised in Nairobi. He got into the music of artists like Jeff Buckley as a teenager and enjoyed singing, but his family could not afford instruments. Ondara moved to the US as a student just six years ago after winning a green card lottery, settling in his idol Bob Dylan's home state of Minnesota and teaching himself to play as he pursued a career in music.
His dream was not something he shared with his family. "I never told them, you know, I lied. I told them I was gonna go to school. Because if I told them what my true intentions were, they wouldn't let me leave. They would have thought I absolutely was just insane."
From there, Ondara began singing and playing regularly at open mic nights and started uploading covers of favourites like Dylan, Nirvana and Neil Young to YouTube.
He says he was drawn to the quiet honesty of folk music and its ability to connect to real social issues. His songwriting recalls the work of other stars too like Paul Simon, Cat Stevens and of course his idol, who recently performed in London's Hyde Park.
"I think one of the reasons I found a kinship with his [Dylan's] music is because it was already something I felt passionate about.
"I suppose my songs at the moment are more influenced by social events, and things are happening around the world. And, you know, sort of becoming some kind of adult and facing responsibilities and finding what my place is in the world and how I can contribute positively in the world."
There are a few oddities in there as well, like on his track Days of Insanity, which features an almost inaudible Sgt Pepper-era Beatles-esque Ondara sing: "There is a bear at the airport, waiting on a plane/There is a cow at the funeral, bidding farewell/There is a goat at the terminal, boarding the C train/There is a horse at the hospital, dancing with the hare."
That ability to find poeticism in the surreal may help explain Ondara's incredible sartorial style, which is as much a part of his identity as his music, matching vintage tailoring with bright colours and vibrant patterns and an ever-present wide-brimmed hat - another tribute to Dylan.
"I'm drawn to bizarre things. And I think my idea of fashion is not too different from my idea of music is trying to find when I'm making my records.
"It's borrowed from old music, you know, it's carrying on the tradition of old music, but it's interpreted in a way that it can exist in the current zeitgeist. And the same thing with fashion is, I try to wear things that are old fashion, but I'm sort of integrating them in a way that they can exist now."
Ondara is currently on a tour of Europe, Canada and the US, and actually supported Neil Young at a handful of dates earlier in the year.
But one place he is yet to play is his home town of Nairobi, something which will be "a moment" for him, and would at least convince his family that his path less travelled was the right one.
"I think they're definitely happy for me now, though they were puzzled in the beginnings of my career. Like, 'What are you doing? Stop it, go to school'. I think they sort of gave up and they're like, 'OK, I get it, he'll do what he wants to do, he's an adult.
"They don't really understand that what it is that I do, but they're happy that I'm happy."
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected].
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After a year of drunken antics, admissions of drug use, and crippling disputes with the city council, polls suggest Toronto Mayor Rob Ford could still win re-election in October. How do his challengers make their pitch to the city's typically staid voters?
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By Daniel NasawBBC News, Toronto
As regular as the frigid spring rain falling on Canada's largest city earlier this month, Mr Ford stood before a pack of baying reporters and waved off the latest allegations of public misbehaviour.
The mayor had been denied entry to a luxury box at a Toronto Maple Leafs hockey game at the weekend, and the reporters pressed him whether he was intoxicated.
"No, I wasn't. Not at all," the mayor said, declining to answer whether he was still using drugs at all.
It was the latest episode in what his detractors describe as the circus sideshow at city hall in this sprawling, diverse city of 2.6 million people.
Over the past year, Toronto and the world have seen Mr Ford turn the air blue in drunken rants, admit to using crack cocaine and to buying illegal drugs while mayor, and fend off allegations he associates with criminals. The city council has stripped him of most of his power and most of his staff have quit, rendering him effectively mayor in name only.
In October, the voters will have their say.
The race has just started but despite it all, early polling shows Mr Ford in strong contention against Olivia Chow, a left-wing member of the New Democratic Party (NDP) and John Tory, a centre-right Conservative, with about 30% of the vote.
Analysts say Mr Ford has a loyal base of support in the inner suburbs, which were absorbed into the municipality of Toronto in 1998. Younger, less-educated, and poorer Torontonians in particular back him, according to a recent survey of 634 voters by Forum Research.
"They're people who feel that they're talked down to by politicians," said Nelson Wiseman, a political scientist at the University of Toronto. "They can identify with Ford because there's little pretence about the guy."
Forum Research president Lorne Bozinoff said Mr Ford stacked up accomplishments before he became bogged down in disputes with the city council and later the drugs and alcohol woes. In particular, he privatised rubbish collection in a large swathe of the city and repealed a despised vehicle tax.
"If the issue's about his accomplishments, he does well," Mr Bozinoff said. "That's what's been keeping him afloat."
Neither of Mr Ford's two major challengers are shy about alluding to his behaviour.
Mr Tory is a broadcaster and former CEO of Rogers Media who has also served as commissioner of the Canadian Football League, member of the provincial parliament, and leader of the Ontario Progressive Conservatives. He has released a "Code of Conduct", in which he vows to "respect and defend our laws, not break them", and to "show up for work each day".
"We need change in the city," he told the BBC in an interview over a half-pint of beer in a crowded bar before the start of a Toronto Blue Jays baseball game.
"If we want to have a liveable, affordable, functional city, then we need a change in leadership, because we're just not getting things done under the present leadership."
He said the "sideshow" made it difficult for the municipal government to focus on easing congestion on the city's notoriously jammed roads, to keep taxes low, and to slash spending.
"The city needs to have somebody who will mind the pennies but at the same time will be able to work with others, because our system requires you to do that to get results," he said.
Ms Chow, a long-time Toronto councillor and NDP MP, immigrated to Canada from Hong Kong at age 13. Her late husband, Jack Layton, led the NDP from 2003 until his death in 2011. She says her story will appeal to Toronto's extraordinarily diverse population - 46% of Toronto metropolitan area residents were foreign-born in 2011, according to Statistics Canada.
"I want to bring pride back to the city, respect and a sense of hope, because we have a great city," Ms Chow told the BBC in an interview in her campaign office in Toronto's Deer Park neighbourhood.
"Toronto is really diverse, we are strong. We have people coming from all over the world enjoying the city and living here quite harmoniously.
"Under Mr Ford, our city hasn't really moved forward. We're stuck. We're mired in scandal. I've seen other mayors - Vancouver, Calgary - out there selling their cities, talking about economic development, encouraging investment. We're not doing that, not only because of the scandals, but because Mr Ford's performance as a mayor is a failure."
Mr Ford's campaign declined repeated requests for an interview with the mayor, with his brother and campaign manager Councillor Doug Ford, or any representative of the campaign.
Meanwhile, on the streets of Toronto, the incumbent seemed to offer something for everyone to fault, even among people who said they supported his politics.
"I don't think he's doing a very good job," said a woman who gave her name as Maureen. "As for his personal record, that's despicable, but if he was a good mayor, it shouldn't have any bearing on who we elect."
Christina McLain, an actress and former teacher who described her politics as centrist, said Mr Ford was "very likeable in a sort of roguish way".
"But I don't think he's going to be able to guide the city in the next few years. He's an addict. He's obviously mixed up with criminals."
At the University of Toronto, Prof Wiseman said he believed the polls overstated Mr Ford's support.
"Although he looks like he's running strong now, as more time goes by in this race I can't really see him picking up support," he said.
So who, after the past year, will vote for him?
"He got elected on what Bob Dylan called an idiot wind. In every culture you're going to have an element of the idiot vote, and he's the candidate of the idiot party."
Follow Daniel Nasaw on Twitter at @danielnasaw
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The killing of Drummer Lee Rigby in Woolwich has reopened the debate about those who carry out acts of violence in the name of Islamist fundamentalism.
Experts give their opinions on how society and the authorities should react to this incident and what could be done to combat radicalisation in the UK.
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Dr Brooke Rogers, senior lecturer at King's College London
Some members of the public may hear about extremist acts and want to do something about radicalisation - and they can.
People can engage in volunteering and mentoring schemes, get employment in a non-governmental organisation. They can help make vulnerable individuals become part of a group.
But we do not do enough to encourage critical thinking in young people. Many undergraduate students are very good at regurgitating information, but in terms of challenging an argument, or knowing where to look for information to make a challenge, we are lacking.
So if you give young people the critical thinking skills in the first place, they will be less vulnerable to extreme views - whether that is Islam, gangs or drugs.
The problem in the UK is with the way that children are being educated.
We also need to build relationships with communities, not just Muslim ones, make them feel comfortable so that if they have concerns, they can have a quiet word without finding armed police breaking down their neighbours' doors.
There should be a multi-agency response that includes community leaders, as we've seen elsewhere in Europe.
I am very uneasy about how the government has cut funding for the Prevent scheme, which tackles extremist ideology.
We need to reinvest in it and it's about putting people back into communities, it's not just about technology and spying.
Bob Stewart, Conservative MP for Beckenham
Terrorists, in particular those who say they are Islamic fundamentalists, always say they are at war with us. We are silly if we do not accept that is the way they will operate - as though they are at war.
We need to revise the European Convention on Human Rights so that the European Court of Human Rights does not determine whether we can expel preachers who are preaching hate.
We need a British Bill of Rights so our courts can say "this person should not be on our soil" and send them out of the country.
We also need the draft Communications Data Bill to be fast-tracked into law as well, to give the security services the tools they need to deal with this threat.
I would like to see universities ban meetings that don't allow women to attend, don't allow certain races or types of person, or advertise as being anti our society.
And the vast majority of the Muslims in this country are against violence, so it's time for them to prove they really are against it.
Why don't they have a rally against terrorism in Trafalgar Square, which would also help ease some of the tensions against them and may stop the hate crimes like the ridiculous attacks on mosques?
There should be a mass Muslim rally and they should stand up and say these terrorist acts are "not in my name".
Khalid Mahmood, Labour MP for Birmingham Perry Barr
Intolerance and hatred have been brewing in this country since the 1980s when we tacitly accepted the presence of extremist preachers such as Abu Hamza and Omar Bakri Muhammad.
Our own belief in freedom of speech, and the government's preoccupation with the Cold War, gave them space to preach and recruit.
At dozens of colleges and universities they targeted young men and women who had become alienated from their own communities.
Often second-generation immigrants, these individuals were easy targets as they struggled to reconcile their faith and life in a secular society.
They were rich pickings for these preachers with their message of moral absolutism and radical anti-imperialism. Organisations such as Hizb ut-Tahrir became fashionable in the 1990s and, while not as extremist as some, acted as a bridge towards more radical elements.
We need grassroots change in the community. The lesson we must learn is that if we tolerate extremist preaching on issues such as women's rights and homosexuality then it very quickly turns to extremist preaching directed at the West in general.
Increasing numbers of young people are being persuaded towards an extremist outlook but they do not necessarily become parts of formal organisations. These groups meet informally and many follow international figures through the internet.
While this problem has to be addressed by the Muslim community, government has a role to play and occasionally this has to be done by the security services - meaning that we should pass the Data Communications Bill into law.
Reyhana Patel, journalist and writer
The media don't help the situation. If you look at how they covered the aftermath of the Woolwich attack, they were demonising Muslims and were Islamaphobic.
Muslim communities in Britain want consistency in the media coverage. There are children being killed by Western soldiers in Afghanistan and there is little or no coverage about that. It makes people feel angry. There's no avenue for them to act in a democratic way, because the government doesn't listen to Muslim communities.
This could lead vulnerable people into radicalisation. It's not the only avenue, but it's a danger for some.
The government's Prevent policy to tackle extremism was rushed through after 7/7 and it has proved to be ineffective in combating home-grown terrorism at the community level.
They need to tackle the root causes of radicalisation in communities through more community cohesion, employment opportunities and a way out of the communities people are trapped in.
There also needs to be a lot more interaction between Muslim and non-Muslim communities through more education and awareness.
There are extremist voices on both sides, and they're the ones getting heard in the media.
There's no middle ground. The real voices aren't coming out and that's what needs to be tackled.
Ross Frenett, Institute for Strategic Dialogue
In the aftermath of the Woolwich attack it is understandable that the government wishes to be seen to "do something" about extremist content on the internet. But this reaction must go beyond simply removing content.
Every minute more than 570 new websites are created, Facebook users share 600,000+ pieces of content and more than 48 hours of content are uploaded to YouTube.
In this environment it is impossible to take down all extremist content: the second that some is removed, it simply springs up somewhere else.
While there may be a limited role for takedowns, the government should instead focus its attention on assisting credible messengers in creating content to counter the extremist messages.
A focus needs to be placed on locating and increase the skills of those messengers who are most credible: former extremists, community leaders and survivors of violent extremism.
Government should aim to work with credible messengers such as our network, together with private sector expertise, and provide training and support for the creation of compelling counter-narratives that can be carefully targeted to ensure these messages reach the right audience: those reading and interacting on extremist forums, websites and social media sites.
Unless we see an increased focus on the creation of positive counter-messages to engage directly with extremist narratives online, the government will find itself in a largely fruitless game of extremist Whack-a-mole, expending a lot of effort with little to show.
Farooq Murad, secretary-general, Muslim Council of Britain
The reaction to Drummer Lee Rigby's murder gives us an indication of how we combat extremism in this country.
We have seen reprisals: mosques attacked, people abused and hateful messages in our mailboxes and on social media walls. But we have also seen examples of partnership and solidarity.
The biggest repudiation of extremism came in the expression of solidarity across all parts of our society: this was symbolised so poignantly when the Archbishop of Canterbury stood in solidarity with Muslims to condemn the murder. It was also seen when the York Mosque defused tensions by inviting protesters from the English Defence League inside for tea.
Engagement and participation are key, not isolation and exclusion. Muslim communities and institutions have examples here to encourage young people away from the allure of extremism.
We must be vigilant and ensure we do not inadvertently give into the demands of all extremists: making our society less free, divided and suspicious of each other.
We do not need policies based on dogma and ideology rather than evidence and analysis.
For example, terms such as Islamism, radicalisation and extremism all have been used in a confusing manner, serving agendas other than countering terror.
Sometimes they have been conflated with conservatism, orthodox practices or even opposing political views on foreign policy.
This means targeting the wrong people, creating unnecessary fear, suspicion and further disengagement. The net result is that more people are marginalised from the mainstream and pushed into dark alleys to become easy prey for extremism, crimes and gang culture.
No doubt our mosques and religious institutions have a role to play. So have our community leaders and organisations.
But they have to be credited for the wonderful work they do, and engaged as equal partners. In brief, we need objective and evidence-based strategies involving all stakeholders.
Raffaello Pantucci, senior research fellow at the RUSI think tank
Radicalisation is defined in the government's Prevent strategy as "the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and forms of extremism leading to terrorism".
It is a social process but also a deeply personal experience. The pathway by which one person is radicalised can have a completely different effect on someone else. This makes it very difficult to devise a one-size-fits-all answer to the problem. Instead, a menu of tools is necessary to address different causes.
Countering influences online and offline is harder than it might sound. Simply shutting down websites and arresting individuals do not necessarily eliminate the problem.
On the contrary, such moves can drive people underground, making them potentially more appealing and attractive, or they will simply adapt to be on the right side of any ban.
This is not just a law enforcement issue. As a society we need to counter the all-encompassing narrative that states that the West is at war with Islam. This is a message that should be repeatedly rejected at every level: politician, community worker, citizen.
Coupled with this, our societies should engage in practices that highlight how open and free we are, and hold power to account when mistakes are made.
The sad truth, however, is that certain decisions that are made will be interpreted by extremists as something that supports their worldview. Very little will be ultimately possible to persuade them otherwise.
The answer is to recognise and acknowledge where we make mistakes and realise that society will always have its discontents.
Dilwar Hussain, president of the Islamic Society of Britain
It is vital to tackle extremism. This is a serious problem that threatens our society, as well as the future of the Muslim community here.
People may often say that extremism and radical Muslim views are there because of a number of reasons, including conflicts that our country is involved in abroad and the discrimination that Muslims face at home.
As much as these issues are serious and need resolution, they can never be an excuse or grounds for terrorism.
Tackling extremism is a difficult and serious task and we all have some role to play in that.
Muslim leaders, preachers and teachers cannot become police or intelligence officers. The relevant agencies have to do their job in the way that they know best. But Muslim communities can play an important role.
They can give a clear signal of what Muslims actually stand for - peace - and what they will not have any time for - violence and terror.
But Muslims also need to think hard, as many are doing, about what our faith means to us today and how we can live that best in the context of modern Britain.
That is a concern that goes far beyond just tackling extremism, but it will have a profound impact on those that feel so disconnected from society, in the name of a medieval reading of Islam, that they can wreak violence on their own home and their own people.
Pete Mercer, vice-president (welfare) at the National Union of Students
One of the suspects in the terrible events in Woolwich last week was a university student eight years ago.
However, there has been little evidence so far that this has any link to his radicalisation.
Even so, universities are acutely conscious of their responsibilities and the institution concerned is carrying out a full investigation.
The higher education sector has a difficult balancing act. Universities are required by the Education Act 1986 to promote freedom of speech, but there are also duties to protect students from harm, including speakers who incite violence and extremism.
Identifying those speakers is rarely as clear-cut as some critics like to pretend: messages may be subtle, backgrounds unclear.
The NUS and students' unions play their part, working with detailed guidance to assess risks and, if necessary, stop events.
Both NUS and many unions have "no platform" policies that specifically ban certain extremist organisations from speaking at official union events - including, let's not forget, right-wing extremists such as the BNP.
There is a clear need for all in society to respond in the right way. The sharp rise in alleged hate crimes against Muslims and mosques since last week is deeply worrying. Politicians, the media and commentators must be responsible in their public pronouncements.
A panicked crackdown would be counter-productive, fuelling exactly the disaffection that makes some so vulnerable to messages of hate. A considered approach is critical.
Nicola Dandridge, chief executive of Universities UK
Universities have been engaged in tackling radicalisation for a number of years and Universities UK issued updated guidance to all universities in 2011.
We also launched a new website this month to help universities deal with the challenges of tackling violent extremism, as part of their broader responsibilities to students and staff.
Universities have engaged extensively with the government's Prevent strategy and there has been good liaison with the police and security services. We have to remain vigilant and ensure that any illegal activity on campus is reported to the authorities.
One difficult area for universities is handling campus meetings involving controversial speakers.
While universities have a duty to be places where difficult and controversial areas are discussed, there are limits, and they draw the line at speakers who break, or are likely to break, the law.
Many universities have developed specific protocols for managing speaker meetings, which are being shared to help all institutions manage this challenging area.
Universities are not closed communities and students have many different influences on them, including the internet, religious institutions and organisations and groups off campus. Universities are only part of their lives. This is an issue for society as a whole.
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When the death of George Floyd in the US inspired protests about racial injustice across the UK, Prime Minister Boris Johnson set up the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities to examine inequality in the UK.
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Now its 258-page report covering health, education, criminal justice and employment has been published. But what does it say?
'Strident form of anti-racism' criticised
The commission acknowledges that it was established as a response to the Black Lives Matter movement and the upsurge of concern about race issues it inspired. It says it owes the mainly young people behind the movement a "debt of gratitude".
But it sets out a generational divide between younger activists and the commissioners who grew up in the 1970s and 1980s, saying: "Our experience has taught us that you do not pass on the baton of progress by cleaving to a fatalistic account that insists nothing has changed".
It also criticises "bleak new theories about race that insist on accentuating our differences" and an "increasingly strident form of anti-racism thinking that seeks to explain all minority disadvantage through the prism of white discrimination".
That diverts attention from other reasons for the success or failure of minority groups, including those relating to the "culture and attitudes" of those communities, the report says. It rejects terms such as "white privilege".
Old class divisions have lost traction and identity politics is on the rise, fuelling "pessimistic narratives" about race, the commissioners say. While single-issue identity groups can do good work in protecting the vulnerable, they also "raise the volume" on these pessimistic viewpoints.
Racism the direct cause of 'very few' ethnic disparities
"Put simply we no longer see a Britain where the system is deliberately rigged against ethnic minorities," the commission says. It says racism is too often used as a "catch-all explanation" for disparities and impediments for people from minority groups.
Examples where ethnic minority communities "rightly felt let down", such as the Grenfell fire or the Windrush scandal, sparked "genuine national grief".
The commissioners suggest that inequalities such as the higher death rates from Covid-19 among some ethnic groups are explained by factors such as their occupation or housing rather than direct discrimination. "Outcomes such as these do not come about by design, and are certainly not deliberately targeted," they say.
It urges a detailed examination of the cases of racial and ethnic disparities and criticises the use of the term BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) as "no longer helpful" because it "disguises huge differences" between minority groups.
Too much data in the UK only breaks down ethnic groups according to the "big five" of white, black, Asian, mixed and other, making it harder to see differences within ethnic minorities such as black African and black Caribbean communities, the report says.
Many of the poor outcomes were due to family breakdown, the report suggests. It also says huge geographical inequalities can be the underlying causes of racial disparities.
The commissioners say it was "a revelation how stuck some groups from the white majority are" and it decided its recommendations should be "designed to remove obstacles for everyone".
Social media 'amplifies racist views'
Although the commissioners cite opinion polls showing there is wide acceptance among the population of the UK as a multi-ethnic society, they suggest social media "enormously amplifies racist views".
It says the "dominant narrative" tends to draw attention to issues such as this abuse rather than progress in society, such as that 40% of NHS consultants are from ethnic minorities.
Social media abuse, where people can find themselves targeted in their own homes, is a "unique torment", the report says. It says platforms such as Facebook and YouTube with a huge user base have provided racists with a new, more public way to inflict pain on their victims.
It suggests social media companies too often fail to even enforce their own terms and conditions, and they should face "substantial penalties - and public naming and shaming".
Contrary to public perception of rising hate crimes, the report says they may be declining, according to the Crime Survey of England and Wales. But it still equates to 142 racially-motivated hate crimes a day.
Praise for 'immigrant optimism'
The report looks for explanations as to why some ethnic minority groups do better than others, and it finds one in some educational research which suggests an important factor is "immigrant optimism".
In the education system, black African, Indian and Bangladeshi pupils perform better than white British ones, taking into account socio-economic status. Ethnic minority pupils also have higher aspirations at 14 than white students - with the exception of boys from black Caribbean backgrounds .
The research suggests that recent immigrants devote themselves more to education because they see education as a way out of poverty.
The commissioners say it may explain why pupils from black African backgrounds have better attainment in education than students with black Caribbean heritage, despite similar levels of neighbourhood deprivation, prejudice, and poverty.
Minorities who have been long-established in the UK, particularly if they have faced racial, social and economic disadvantage, may be the least optimistic about social mobility, the report says.
Education the "success story" for UK ethnic minorities
New arrivals to the UK have seized on educational opportunities and achieved "remarkable social mobility", making education the "single most emphatic success story of the British ethnic minority experience".
A bigger proportion of ethnic minority students attend university than white British ones, the report says. People from white British backgrounds have the best outcomes at top universities, but the commissioners suggest this is a "selection effect", due to a smaller, better qualified cross-section of the white British population going to university.
It says from early years onwards, family, geography and poverty are the main reasons for poorer outcomes in education.
The report says some groups need extra support, including black Caribbean, mixed white and black Caribbean, traveller of Irish heritage, gypsy and Roma groups, as well as Pakistani boys from low socio-economic backgrounds, and lower socio-economic status white British pupils.
But it compares racial attainment gaps to the US and finds they are about eight times smaller in the UK.
It acknowledges that teaching is "overwhelmingly white" but says the causes for differences in the rates of exclusions and suspensions "cannot be reduced to structural racism and individual teacher bias".
'Shame and pride' in British history
Teachers from ethnic minorities have faced "pushback" from senior staff when they push for a broader curriculum, the commissioners say. It suggests opportunities for a more inclusive portrayal of British culture are being missed, even when colleagues from ethnic minority backgrounds are proposing them.
But it says British history is not just one of "imperial imposition", with a more "complex picture" of ideas travelling back and forth, cultures mixing and "positive relations". "All this makes up the British story, our story, which has episodes of both shame and pride," the report says.
It says to develop a sense of citizenship and to support integration, pupils should be exposed to the "rich variety of British culture" and the influences on it, from classical civilisation to modern immigration.
The commissioners note there have been calls to include topics such as the Commonwealth contribution to the World Wars, major race relations events such as the Bristol Bus Boycott in 1968 and Commonwealth writers such as Derek Walcott and Andrea Levy.
Family is the 'foundation stone of success'
Family breakdown is one of the main reasons for educational failure and crime, the report says. "Family is also the foundation stone of success for many ethnic minorities," it adds.
The commission said it had "great concern" about high rates of family breakdown in some communities, with 63% of children from black Caribbean backgrounds growing up in lone parent families compared to a UK average of 14.7%. Lone parenthood is much lower than average in south Asian and Chinese families.
The report says it is not "passing judgement", "allocating blame" or saying "two parents are always better than one", but stressing they may need extra support from extended families or community groups.
It also says "governments cannot remain neutral here" and minsters should look at initiatives to prevent family breakdown.
Stop-and-search a 'critical tool'
The commissioners criticise widely-cited figures that black people are nine times more likely to be stopped and searched than white people, saying the nationwide figures do not take into account the different sizes and characteristics of local populations.
They produce figures for London alone, where the bulk of searches are carried out, which show black people are nearly four times more likely to be searched.
Stop-and-search is a "critical tool for policing when used appropriately, and lawfully", the report says. But it says there needs to be more transparency and accountability about why it is deployed.
It quotes a suggestion by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire and Rescue Services that the fact that most searches are for drugs does not suggest it is targeted on the most high-priority crimes.
"Is stop and search tackling the war on drugs? Or is it removing knives from our streets?" the commissioners ask, calling for greater clarity from police and government.
The report also suggests that more Class B drug possession offences where it is for personal use only should be dealt with outside of the criminal justice system.
'Better outcomes' in health for ethnic minorities
Amid concern about the disproportionate numbers of people from ethnic minorities dying in the pandemic, the report says this is mainly due to increased risk of exposure through their occupation, as well as living in urban areas and multi-generational households.
It says that overall ethnic minority groups have better outcomes than the white population in terms of life expectancy, overall mortality and for many of the leading causes of mortality.
"This evidence clearly suggests that ethnicity is not the major driver of health inequalities in the UK," the commissioners say, pointing to deprivation, geography and different levels of exposure to key risk factors as the main issues.
They also suggest that the lack of evidence of an impact on health outcomes casts doubt on whether black and South Asian communities are "suffering from systemic racism throughout their lives" that negatively affects their health, education, income, housing and employment.
There was "no overwhelming evidence" of racism in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health conditions.
But the report says there needs to be more research into disparities in maternal mortality.
It stresses that the number of deaths overall is low, but between 2016 and 2018, among every 100,000 giving birth, 34 black women died. Among Asian women the rate was 15, and for white women it was eight.
'Diversity training does not work'
Research for the commission suggests that over the last 50 years, many first generation immigrants experienced downward social mobility, but the second generation have "caught up, and in some cases, surpassed, white people".
But it says this progress has mostly taken place in the last two or three decades and it has been "imperfect and mixed".
People from ethnic minorities are more likely to have persistent low incomes and among young people unemployment rates are high even for Indian and Chinese people who "comfortably outperform the white average in education and incomes overall and generally benefit from positive stereotypes".
It says discrimination is "likely to be a part of the story", with experiments showing ethnic minority candidates have to apply for about 1.6 times the number of jobs to get the same number of responses as a white person.
But the report says: "Diversity training and policies that treat people differently according to ethnicity does not work." And it recommends policies such as name-blind applications and mentoring rather than quotas.
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A teenage cyclist who was killed in a road accident in Falkirk has been named as Harley Smith.
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The 16-year-old boy, from Grangemouth, died at the scene of the collision, which involved a silver Mercedes Benz, on Friday night.
It happened on the A803 Polmont Road, at its junction with Dundas Road, at about 20:55.
Police said the 28-year-old driver of the Mercedes and their two passengers were not hurt.
His family have requested privacy while they try to come to terms with his death, Police Scotland said.
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The Princess Royal is set to return to the Isle of Man on 21 July, the Manx government has confirmed.
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Princess Anne last came to the island in January 2014 when she visited Jurby prison and spent time at the Department of Environment.
A government spokesman said she will attend a Service of Thanksgiving at Peel Cathedral in the west of the Isle of Man.
The Princess Royal is patron of the cathedral development appeal.
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Police are investigating what they call a "serious incident" at the Tata steelworks in Port Talbot, which left a worker badly injured.
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The ambulance service said it was called to the plant at 16:50 BST on Wednesday where a man had been trapped.
The injured worker was airlifted to the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, for treatment.
South Wales Police said a joint investigation had been launched with the Health and Safety Executive.
Officers would not confirm the nature of the incident.
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On Wednesday the future of Greece was laid out in Brussels.
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By Jamie RobertsonBBC World News
On one side of the negotiating table stood Greek Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis determined to ease the burden of his country's debts.
On the other its main creditors - the International Monetary Fund, the European Union and the European Central Bank - determined there would be no change to the terms of its €240bn (£178bn) bailout.
Neither side have used the word compromise.
But IMF chief Christine Lagarde, has already admitted: "We have to listen to them, we are starting to work together and it is a process that is starting and is going to last a certain time,"
What is decided in the coming days and weeks will determine Greece's economic future.
It may even decide the future of Europe.
These are the possible options.
Scenario 1: Greece gets what it wants
This scenario is highly unlikely because the eurozone, and Germany in particular, are so opposed to it.
It sees two bailout packages being approved.
The first is a bridge loan to keep Greece going for six months and help it repay €7bn (£5.2bn; $7.9bn) of maturing bonds.
The second would be a refinancing of debt to last it four years. Part of this might be through "GDP bonds" - bonds carrying an interest rate linked to economic growth.
There would also be a reduction in the primary surplus target - that is the surplus the government must generate(excluding interest payments on debt) - from 3% to 1.49% of GDP.
There would be a renegotiation of reforms, and increased spending to meet the "humanitarian crisis" - a higher minimum wage, better pensions and the rehiring of civil servants.
Such a deal would certainly ease the pain of austerity.
By increasing government spending, Greece stands less chance of reducing its debts, but perhaps more chance of kick-starting some growth.
GDP-linked bonds may be attractive to borrowers in a stagnant economy, but they mean lower returns, especially in the short term, for lenders.
Not only that: it also spreads fear that countries like Spain and Italy might follow Greece's example. That would increase their borrowing costs - the "contagion" economists dread - and encourage them to negotiate for similar deals.
Scenario 2: A fudge ("a negotiated settlement")
Any negotiated deal depends on the language it is couched in, so that it can be sold to the respective electorates.
For instance, Greece has insisted it will on no account have an "extension" of the bailout. Any compromise is unlikely to include the word "extension".
German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble has taken an equally tough stance. He has said that Europe won't negotiate a bridge loan. So don't expect the word "bridge" to appear anywhere.
But Greece may well have to concede and accept in principle all its commitments to pay, one way or another, all its debts. That's a long way from the promises of "writing off" its debt that it made in the lead-up to the Greek elections.
In return, though, Europe may well allow flexibility in repayments.
This may include a moratorium allowing the country to skip interest payments during a given period (five to 10 years) or until economic growth gathers pace.
In fact, easier terms for debt repayments could free up cash, which, ironically, makes the country a better bet for new lenders.
On reforms the two sides are likely to get some agreement, with Syriza already demanding aggressive reforms on tax collecting and corruption.
But Germany will be tough on the question of austerity.
Failing to balance the books can be more damaging to the country's creditworthiness than letting it off its debts.
Austerity is meant to sort out government finances. Without a balanced budget, Greece will find it hard to find investors willing to lend.
Scenario 3: Greece finds cash elsewhere
If the money from the ECB stops, Greece can still get funds from its own national central bank in the form of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA).
But this will be of limited effect: the ECB can veto the ELA and has threatened to do so in the past, ahead of bailout agreements for Ireland and Cyprus.
But there could be other sources.
Greek Defence Minister Panos Kammenos told Greek television: "It could be the United States at best, it could be Russia, it could be China or other countries."
Kammenos is the leader of Independent Greeks, a nationalist party that is the junior coalition partner of the Syriza party.
Greece's Deputy Foreign Minister Nikos Chountis told Greek radio that Russia and China had offered Greece economic support - though Athens had not requested it.
This is not the first time the idea has been floated, and talks between China and Greece took place in 2011.
But so far China's financial commitment to Greece has largely been in privatisations, such as the selling off of the Greek port of Piraeus.
As for Russia, faced with heavy demands on its own reserves, it hardly seems an appropriate time to be handing out cash to impoverished Europeans.
On the other hand a few billion might buy it some political support from Syriza, which has already shown itself sympathetic towards ending Western sanctions on Russia.
As for the US, it seems unlikely that Mr Obama will go over the Europeans' heads to lend to Greece.
Scenario 4: Greece defaults
If Greece defaults on its debt and leaves the eurozone it makes investors increasingly nervous about the likelihood of other highly indebted nations, such as Italy, or those with weak economies, such as Spain, repaying their debts or even staying inside the euro.
A lot will depend on how Greece fares outside the euro. There are two schools of thought here.
One believes the country will enter the economic equivalent of a nuclear winter. There would be a chaotic race to create the new drachma - distributing the new currency and even finding printing presses could prove next to impossible.
Repayment of any euro foreign currency debt using the devalued drachma would become a massive burden which the government might just give up on altogether, making it impossible to borrow on the international markets.
Imports would dry up - some of them, such as medical supplies, oil, raw materials and a range of food and everyday items, would create huge hardships. Inflation would spike dramatically and raw material shortages would cripple industry, creating unemployment.
Savers and investors would withdraw euros, causing massive capital flight.
However, the alternative view is that after an initial collapse, a wave of investment would come back into the country, tourism would boom and exports surge, creating jobs and slowly restoring the currency to some kind of strength.
As for damage to the rest of the world, the effects would certainly be less than say three years ago. Banks are hardly ignorant of Greece's risks and are better prepared to take losses on their Greek debt.
But if life starts to look substantially better for a drachma-based Greek economy, other countries may also start considering printing lira, pesetas and escudos, and the future, and creditworthiness of a slew of eurozone economies would be thrown into doubt.
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Jeremy Corbyn's election in September 2015 as Labour leader, at the age of 66, counted as one of the biggest upsets in British political history.
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By Brian WheelerPolitical reporter
His re-election to the post almost a year later was not such a surprise but could prove even more momentous in terms of Labour's direction in the coming years and the future course of British politics.
Seeing off the challenge of Owen Smith, who had the backing of the majority of Labour MPs, has made Mr Corbyn, for the time being at least, seemingly unassailable and increased the likelihood that he will lead the opposition into the next general election - scheduled for 2020.
If that is the case, Mr Corbyn will be a highly influential figure during one of the most important political periods of the past 50 years - as the clock ticks down to the UK's exit from the EU following the Brexit referendum vote.
To his critics, he is almost a caricature of the archetypal "bearded leftie", an unelectable throwback to the dark days of the 1980s, when Labour valued ideological purity more than winning power.
But to his army of supporters he is the only honest man left in politics, someone who can inspire a new generation of activists, and make them believe that there is an alternative to the neo-liberal Thatcherite consensus that has let them down so badly.
A fixture on the British left for more than 40 years, he has been an almost ever-present figure at demos and marches, a joiner of committees, a champion of controversial causes, a tireless pamphleteer, handy with a megaphone.
But not even his most ardent admirers would have had him down as a future leader of Her Majesty's opposition. And not just because he believes in the abolition of the Monarchy.
Corbyn's brand of left-wing politics was meant to have been consigned to the dustbin of history by New Labour.
He belongs to what had been a dwindling band of MPs, which also includes Diane Abbott and John McDonnell, who held fast to their socialist principles as their party marched moved right - and into power - under Tony Blair.
'My turn'
At the start of the 2015 leadership contest, after scraping on to the ballot paper at the last minute, thanks to charity nominations from Labour MPs who wanted a token left-wing candidate to "broaden the debate", he explained to The Guardian why he had decided to run.
"Well, Diane and John have done it before, so it was my turn."
Asked if he had taken some persuading, he replied: "Yeah. I have never held any appointed office, so in that sense it's unusual, but if I can promote some causes and debate by doing this, then good. That's why I'm doing it."
He added: "At my age I'm not likely to be a long-term contender, am I?"
That view was quickly revised as Corbynmania took hold. Something about the Islington North MP struck a chord with Labour leadership voters in a way that his three younger, more polished, more careerist, rivals patently did not.
Despite, or perhaps because, of his unassuming, low-key style, he seemed able to inspire people who had lost faith in Labour during the Blair/Brown years and bring hope to young activists fired up by his anti-austerity message.
His entry into the contest also prompted a surge in people - many from the left of the existing Labour membership - joining the party or paying £3 to become registered supporters.
His perceived integrity and lifelong commitment to the socialist cause made him an attractive option to many left-wing voters jaded by the spin and soundbites of the Westminster political classes.
Over the course of a year or so since becoming leader he has become something of a cult figure - ironic for someone who always insisted he didn't do personality politics and had never tried to cultivate a following among MPs.
Legendary frugality
Instead of amusing anecdotes about youthful indiscretions, or tales of climbing Westminster's greasy pole, his political biography is dominated by the list of the causes he has championed and committees he has served on.
He once confessed he had never smoked cannabis - practically unheard of in the left-wing circles he grew up in, but the mark of a man who is known for his austere, almost ascetic, approach to life.
His frugality is legendary. He usually has the lowest expenses claims of any MP.
"Well, I don't spend a lot of money, I lead a very normal life, I ride a bicycle and I don't have a car," he told The Guardian.
Asked what his favourite biscuit was during a Mumsnet Q&A , he answered: "I'm totally anti-sugar on health grounds, so eat very few biscuits, but if forced to accept one, it's always a pleasure to have a shortbread."
Jeremy Bernard Corbyn had an impeccable middle-class upbringing.
He spent his early years in the picturesque Wiltshire village of Kington St Michael. When he was seven, the family moved to a seven-bedroomed manor house in the hamlet of Pave Lane, in Shropshire.
The youngest of four boys, he enjoyed an idyllic childhood in what he himself has called a rural "Tory shire".
Corbyn off-duty
Personal life: Lives with third wife. Has three sons from earlier marriage.
Food and drink: A vegetarian who rarely drinks alcohol. According to The Guardian, his favourite restaurant is Gaby's diner in London's West End, where he likes to eat hummus after taking part in demonstrations in Trafalgar Square.
Hobbies: Running, cycling, cricket and Arsenal football club. According to the Financial Times: "He loves making jam with fruit grown on his allotment, belongs to the All Party Parliamentary Group for Cheese and is a borderline trainspotter." He does not own a car. He is known for having an unusual hobby - an interest in the history and design of manhole covers.
Culture: A lover of the works of Irish poet WB Yeats. His favourite novelist is said to be the late Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe, whose most famous work, Things Fall Apart, is about the tensions between colonialism and traditional societies. He is a fluent Spanish speaker and enjoys Latin American literature. His favourite films are said to be The Great Gatsby and Casablanca.
His brother Piers, now a meteorologist known for denying climate change is a product of human activity, has described the Corbyn boys as "country bumpkins".
Corbyn disagrees with his brother on climate change but they remain close. They both learned their politics at the family dinner table, where left-wing causes and social justice were a frequent topic of debate.
Their maths teacher mother Naomi and electrical engineer father David were peace campaigners who met at a London rally for supporters of Spain's Republicans in the fight against Franco's fascists.
Piers, who would go on to be a well-known squatters leader in 1960s London, was even further to the left than Jeremy.
Both boys joined the local Wrekin Labour Party and the Young Socialists while still at school.
Corbyn had begun his education at the fee-paying preparatory school, Castle House, in Newport, before moving into the state sector, after passing his 11-plus.
He was one of only two Labour-supporting boys at Adams Grammar School, in Newport, when his class held a mock election in 1964.
In an interview with The Sun, his friend Bob Mallett recalls Corbyn being jeered by his right-wing schoolmates: "Jeremy was the Labour candidate and I his campaign manager because at a middle-class boarding grammar school in leafy Shropshire, there weren't many socialists. We were trounced."
Corbyn left Adams with two A levels, both at grade E, and an enduring hatred of selective education.
Corbyn in quotes
"It was an illegal war and therefore [Tony Blair] has to explain to that. Is he going to be tried for it? I don't know. Could he be tried for it? Possibly," on the Iraq war.
"Are super-rich people actually happy with being super-rich? I would want the super rich to pay properly their share of the needs of the rest of the community," on Channel 4 News.
"He was a fascinating figure who observed a great deal and from whom we can learn a great deal," on Karl Marx to the BBC's Andrew Marr.
"Without exception, the majority electricity, gas, water and railway infrastructures of Britain were built through public investment since the end of WW2 and were all privatised at knockdown prices for the benefit of greedy asset-strippers by the Thatcher and Major-led Tory governments," in his column for the Morning Star newspaper.
"Some people say to me, are we still worried about Hiroshima. My reply is that the weapons were used specifically against civilians and while 'fireworks' compared to what is now available, killed and have killed for the past 59 years. Nuclear weapons have saved no lives, killed thousands and maimed many more and impoverished the poor nations who have them," on his website.
"I started wearing a beard when I was 19 and living in Jamaica; they called me 'Mr Beardman,'" on winning the Beard Liberation Front's Beard of the Year award in 2002.
He reportedly split up with his second wife Claudia after she insisted on sending their son Ben - now a football coach with Premier League Watford - to Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, in Barnet, instead of an Islington comprehensive.
After leaving school, Corbyn spent two years in Jamaica, with Voluntary Service Overseas, something he has described as an "amazing" experience.
Back in the UK he threw himself into trade union activism, initially with now long defunct National Union of Tailors and Garment Makers.
He started a course in Trade Union Studies at North London Polytechnic but left after a series of arguments with his tutors over the curriculum.
"He probably knew more than them," Piers told The Sun.
A successful career as a trade union organiser followed, with the Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union (AEEU) and then the National Union of Public Employees (NUPE).
But his real passion was for Labour Party politics - and in 1974 he was elected to Haringey District Council, in North London.
In the same year he married fellow Labour councillor, Jane Chapman, a university lecturer.
Chapman says she married Corbyn for his "honesty" and "principles" but she soon grew weary of his intense focus on politics.
"Politics became our life. He was out most evenings because when we weren't at meetings he would go to the Labour headquarters, and do photocopying - in those days you couldn't print because there were no computers,' she told The Mail on Sunday.
What others say
"Jeremy is a saintly figure of enormous personal integrity. He is a man who lives his life according to his beliefs," former Labour MP Chris Mullin, speaking to Panorama.
"If Jeremy Corbyn becomes leader it won't be a defeat like 1983 or 2015 at the next election. It will mean rout, possibly annihilation", former Labour leader and prime minister Tony Blair.
"The showbiz glitz of New Labour temporarily hid the hole where the heart of Labour was supposed to be. Now the 'Corbynites' (whoever expected to use that phrase?) are trying to hide that hole behind some old banners and a bloke with a beard," left-wing commentator Mick Hume.
"There is something inherently virtuous about him, and that is a quality that can rally the support of a lot of people, and most importantly, a lot of young people," singer and activist Charlotte Church (pictured).
"While most of his chums have all moderated their views, dumped their corduroy jackets and grey suits, shaved their beards and quietly cancelled their CND subscriptions, [he] has hardly changed a bit; he is the Fidel Castro of London N1," Telegraph journalist Robert Hardman.
They shared a love of animals, they had a tabby cat called Harold Wilson, and enjoyed camping holidays together in Europe on Corbyn's motorbike.
But fun was in short supply at home, recalls Chapman, who remains in touch with Corbyn and backed his leadership bid.
During their five years together he never once took her dinner, she told The Mail, preferring instead to "grab a can of beans and eat it straight from the can" to save time.
In 1987, Corbyn married Claudia Bracchita, a Chilean exile, with whom he had three sons. The youngest, Tommy, was born while Corbyn was lecturing NUPE members elsewhere in the same hospital. Twenty-five-year-old Seb has been helping out on his father's leadership campaign.
The couple separated in 1999, but remained on good terms.
Corbyn got married for a third time last year, to his long term partner Laura Alvarez, a 46-year-old Mexican fair trade coffee importer.
In the bitter internal warfare that split Labour in the late 1970s and early eighties, Corbyn was firmly on the side of the quasi-Marxist hard left.
A Labour man to his fingertips - he was no Militant "entryist" trying to infiltrate the party by stealth - he nevertheless found common cause with former Trotskyists such as Ted Knight, and joined them in their battle to push the party to the left.
He became a disciple of Tony Benn, sharing his mentor's brand of democractic socialism, with its belief in worker controlled industries and state planning of the economy, as well as Benn's commitment to unilateral nuclear disarmament and a united Ireland.
Corbyn's causes
Here is just a small selection of the campaigns Jeremy Corbyn has been involved with over the past 50 years.
Nuclear disarmament: Joined CND as a schoolboy in 1966
Irish Republicanism: Organised Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams' visit to the Commons in 1983. Once employed Irish Republican dissident Ronan Bennett as a member of staff at Westminster
Miners' strike: Invited striking miners into Commons gallery in 1985 who were expelled for shouting "Coal not Dole"
Anti-Apartheid: serving on the National Executive of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, and was arrested in 1984 for protesting outside South Africa House
Palestinian solidarity: A member of the Palestine Solidarity Campaign and campaigns regularly against the conflict in Gaza
Miscarriages of justice: Worked on on behalf of the Guildford Four and Birmingham Six, who were eventually found to be have been wrongly convicted of IRA bombings in England in the mid-1970s
Animal rights: Joined the League Against Cruel Sports at school, became a vegetarian at 20, after working on a pig farm
Iraq war: Chaired the Stop the War coalition
Gay rights: Spoke out in 1983 on a "No socialism without gay liberation" platform and continued to campaign for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender rights
Corbyn was never seen as a great orator like Benn, or a firebrand like miners' leader Arthur Scargill, but he worked tirelessly behind the scenes, his trousers stained with purple ink from the copying machines that produced the pamphlets and newspapers that were the lifeblood of the British Left in the pre-internet era.
He ran the London Labour Briefing newspaper, which helped propel Ken Livingstone to power on the Greater London Council.
He was elected to Parliament in 1983, to represent his home patch of Islington North, a seat he has held ever since and where he has increased his majority from 5,600 to 21,000, and as a back benchers was by most accounts a popular and hard-working MP.
The Bennite faction that Corbyn belonged to was already in retreat, following their leader's failure to capture the deputy leadership of the party in 1981.
'Modernisation'
After fighting and losing the 1983 election on arguably the most left-wing manifesto it had ever put before the British public, with its commitment to renationalising the utilities just privatised by the Thatcher government, pulling out of the EU, nuclear disarmament and the creation of a "national investment bank" to create jobs, Labour began the painful process of "modernisation" that led to the birth of New Labour.
And Corbyn would spend the next 32 years on the backbenches fighting a rearguard action against his party's abandonment of the radical policies and values contained in the '83 manifesto in the name of electability, under Neil Kinnock, John Smith and, most notably, Tony Blair.
Corbyn might have hailed from the same North London district as Blair and entered Parliament in the same year but that is where the similarity ended.
He abhorred Blair's embrace of free market economics and did his best to be a thorn in the younger man's side throughout his time in Downing Street, although Blair's large majorities ensured the damage was barely noticeable.
He would always vote with his conscience, rather than be dictated to by the party whips.
It earned him the accolade of being Labour's most rebellious MP, defying the party managers more than 500 times.
It also meant he and his allies became increasingly isolated, with their views and interventions ignored by the mainstream media and most of their colleagues on the Labour benches.
Blair's dire warnings that Labour would face "annihilation" if it elected Corbyn during the leadership contest were met by Corbyn with a suggestion that his predecessor as Labour leader should probably face trial for war crimes over his role in the Iraq war.
Corbyn and his comrades - unlike their modernising colleagues they would use the term without irony - routinely attached themselves to any cause that felt like it would strike a blow against British and American "imperialism" or the Israeli state.
Internationalist in outlook, they would proclaim solidarity with socialist campaigns and governments in places like Cuba, Chile, Nicaragua, El Salvador and attack US policies that, in Corbyn's view, enslaved the Latin American world.
He incurred the wrath of the Labour leadership early on his career when he invited two former IRA prisoners to speak at Westminster, two weeks after the Brighton bomb that had nearly killed Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet.
Later on it would be his willingness to share platforms with representatives of Hamas and Hezbollah that would put him at the centre of controversy. When challenged, he insists he does not share their views but that peace will never be achieved without talking to all sides.
Rock star status
He may have been largely sidelined in the House of Commons, respected but too much of a known quantity to have an impact, but Corbyn's stature and profile outside Parliament continued to grow.
He chaired the Stop the War Coalition and became a leading figure in the anti-austerity movement, which began to attract large crowds of young activists eager for something to believe in and to take the fight to then Prime Minister David Cameron.
Still, no one gave Corbyn a prayer when he entered the contest to succeed Ed Miliband as Labour leader, with bookmakers offering a price of 200-1.
His elevation to rock star status, among the crowds who flocked to his leadership campaign meetings, must have been as much of a shock to Corbyn as it was to his opponents, but he never showed it.
He carried on, just as he always had, railing against inequality, talking about hope, promising to renationalise industries, tax the rich and scrap Trident, and wearing the same white, open-necked shirt with pens sticking out of the top pocket.
Only now people were listening.
During that leadership campaign Jeremy Corbyn is understood to have rejected pleas from some supporters for him to stand aside, having made his point and injected new life into Labour's left, to leave the field clear for a younger candidate who might have more electoral appeal. He appeared determined to make a go of the leadership.
Many "moderate" shadow cabinet members returned to the backbenches rather than serve under him but he was able to put together a top team that reflected a broad range of opinion within the party.
He sought to bring a new approach to leadership, adopting a less confrontational and more conversational tone at Prime Minister's Questions and generally refraining from either sound bites or photo opportunities - to the exasperation of what his supporters call the "mainstream media" and the derision of some commentators.
Leadership challenge
The coalition behind Mr Corbyn held together for nine months, despite growing discontent among Labour MPs who had never wanted him as leader and could not accept either his style of leadership or his policies.
The EU referendum brought things to a head. Corbyn, who had been a Eurosceptic as a backbencher, was accused of mounting a half-hearted campaign to keep Britain in the EU and of not appearing to care too much that his side had lost.
Labour MPs, some of whom had been plotting to topple Corbyn at some point, saw this as the chance to make their move to try and force him to stand down, amid fears they would be wiped out at a snap election they expected to follow the referendum with him as leader.
He faced a mass walkout from the shadow cabinet and then a vote of no confidence, which he lost by 172 votes to 40, as Labour MPs - enemies and previously loyal shadow ministers alike - urged him to quit.
He refused to budge, pointing to the huge mandate he had received from Labour members and arguing that he had done better than many had expected in the electoral tests he had faced since becoming leader.
MPs selected Owen Smith, a former member of his shadow cabinet who claimed to share the same left wing values, to take him on in another leadership election.
So Jeremy Corbyn, the reluctant leader who had to be persuaded to stand in 2015, now found himself fighting to hold on to a position he never expected to hold, this time as favourite rather than as outsider.
And, back on the campaign trail among his own supporters, he seemed to rather enjoy himself.
As was the case a year earlier, thousands of people flocked to hear Mr Corbyn speak at rallies across the country - 10,000 turned up at a single event in Liverpool - as he sought to tap directly into grassroots support for his message as a counterweight to the perceived hostility of the "mainstream media".
In an unconventional campaign which saw him endorsed by UB40 but vilified by JK Rowling, the only genuine moment of discomfort came during "traingate" - when his claims that a train was so "ram-packed" that he had to sit on the floor came into question after Virgin Trains released footage showing him passing empty seats.
Mr Corbyn's re-election has strengthened his position, with signs some of his critics are willing to serve under him again despite their differences.
But it remains to be seen whether his commitment to reach out to his opponents and focus squarely on winning the next election will act as springboard to a new phase of his leadership or prove only a temporary respite in what some have said is an existential battle for control of the party.
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Seven teenagers have been charged in relation to disorder that broke out in the Tottenham, last August.
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Six of the teenagers have been charged in relation to burglary or violent disorder offences on Tottenham High Road on 6 or 7 August 2011.
They will appear at Highbury Corner Magistrates' Court on Friday.
Leanne Mills, 19, from Lansdowne Road, Tottenham, north London, who is charged with burglary, will appear at the same court on 13 June.
The six teenagers to appear on Friday are:
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The death of veteran Scottish entertainer Tom Alexander has been announced.
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The 85-year-old was one half of the enduring act The Alexander Brothers who toured the world in a career spanning more than 50 years.
Tom and his 79-year-old brother Jack, who died in 2013, started their professional career in 1958.
The pair, from Cambusnethan in North Lanarkshire, were awarded MBEs for services to entertainment.
After Jack died, Tom occasionally performed as a solo act.
Country dance band leader John Carmichael, said the pair had a very distinctive sound and took songs like These are my Mountains and Nobody's Child to an international audience.
The brothers were both classically trained and played from a young age, with Jack on the piano and Tom on the accordion.
They developed their Scottish style after comedian Roland Smith suggested they follow the style of popular acts like Andy Stewart and the Joe Gordon Folk Four.
Among the career highlights was a show at the Sydney Opera House in the mid-1980s and co-starring with Shirley Bassey at the London Palladium in 1967.
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Shares in Aberdeen-based oil and gas firm John Wood Group fell sharply after it warned that profits from its engineering division would be down significantly next year.
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The company blamed weakness in Canada, and said profits from the division - which carries out offshore oil rig designs - would be down about 15%.
However, it said the weaker performance should be offset by strong results from its services division.
Pre-tax profits had risen 43% in 2012.
In March, the company announced it had made $363m (£239m) with revenues up 20% to $6.8bn (£4.5bn).
Wood Group employs about 43,000 people in more than 50 countries.
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A Korean palm oil giant has been buying up swathes of Asia's largest remaining rainforests. A visual investigation published today suggests fires have been deliberately set on the land.
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By Ayomi Amindoni & Rebecca HenschkeBBC Indonesia
Petrus Kinggo walks through the thick lowland rainforest in the Boven Digoel Regency.
"This is our mini market," he says, smiling. "But unlike in the city, here food and medicine are free."
Mr Kinggo is an elder in the Mandobo tribe. His ancestors have lived off these forests in Papua, Indonesia for centuries. Along with fishing and hunting, the sago starch extracted from palms growing wild here provided the community with their staple food. Their home is among the most biodiverse places on earth, and the rainforest is sacred and essential to the indigenous tribes.
Six years ago, Mr Kinggo was approached by South Korean palm oil giant Korindo, which asked him to help persuade his tribe and 10 other clans to accept just 100,000 rupiah ($8; £6) per hectare in compensation for their land. The company arrived with permits from the government and wanted a "quick transaction" with indigenous landholders, according to Mr Kinggo. And the promise of development was coupled with subtle intimidation, he said.
"The military and police came to my house, saying I had to meet with the company. They said they didn't know what would happen to me if I didn't."
When he did, they made him personal promises as well, he said. As a co-ordinator, he would receive a new house with clean water and a generator, and have his children's school fees paid.
His decision would change his community forever.
Indonesia is the world's largest exporter of palm oil, and Papua is its newest frontier. The archipelago has experienced one of the fastest rates of deforestation in the world - vast areas of forest have been cleared to make way for row upon row of oil palm tree, growing a product found in everything from shampoo to biscuits. Indonesia's palm oil exports were worth about $19bn (£14bn) last year, according to data from Gapki, the nation's palm oil association.
The rich forests in the remote province of Papua had until recently escaped relatively untouched, but the government is now rapidly opening the area to investors, vowing to bring prosperity to one of the poorest regions in the country. Korindo controls more land in Papua than any other conglomerate. The company has cleared nearly 60,000 hectares of forests inside its government-granted concessions - an area the size of Chicago or Seoul - and the company's vast plantation there is protected by state security forces.
Companies like Korindo have to clear the land in these concessions to allow them to replant new palms. Using fire to do that - the so-called "slash and burn" technique - is illegal in Indonesia due to the air pollution it causes and the high risk blazes will get out of control.
Korindo denies setting fires, saying it follows the law. A 2018 report by the leading global green timber certification body - the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), of which Korindo is a certificate holder - concluded there was no evidence that illegal and deliberate fires were set by the company.
But according to a new investigation by the Forensic Architecture group at Goldsmiths University in London and Greenpeace International, published in conjunction with the BBC, there is evidence that indicates deliberate burning on the land during the land-clearing period. The investigation found evidence of fires on one of Korindo's concessions over a period of years in patterns consistent with deliberate use.
Forensic Architecture uses spatial and architectural analysis and advanced modelling and research techniques to investigate human rights violations and environmental destruction. "This is a robust technique that can with a high level of certainty determine if a fire is intentional or not," said senior researcher Samaneh Moafi. "This allows us to hold the large corporations - who have been setting fires systematically for years now - liable in the court," she said.
The group used satellite imagery to study the pattern of land clearing inside a Korindo concession called PT Dongin Prabhawa. They used the imagery to study the so-called "normalised burn ratio", comparing it to hotspot data in the same area - intense heat sources picked up by Nasa satellites, and put the two datasets together over the same period of time, 2011 to 2016.
"We found that the pattern, the direction and the speed with which fires had moved matched perfectly with the pattern, the speed, direction with which land clearing happened. This suggests that the fires were set intentionally," Samaneh Moafi said.
"If the fires were set from outside the concession or due to weather conditions, they would have moved with a different directionality. But in the cases that we were looking at there was a very clear directionality," she said.
Korindo turned down several BBC interview requests, but the company said in a statement that all land clearing was carried out with heavy machinery rather than fires.
It said there were many natural fires in the region due to extreme dryness, and claimed that any fires in its concessions had been started by "villagers hunting giant wild rats hiding under stacks of wood".
But locals near the concession in Papua told the BBC the company had set fires on the concessions over a period of years, during a timeframe which matched the findings of the visual investigation.
Sefnat Mahuze, a local farmer, said he saw Korindo employees collecting leftover wood, "the worthless stuff".
"They piled up long rows, maybe 100-200 metres long, and then they poured petrol over it and then lit them," he said.
Another villager, Esau Kamuyen, said the smoke from the fires "closed the world around them, shutting off the sky".
According to Greenpeace International, companies are rarely held to account for slash and burn - a practice that almost every year creates a smoky haze in Indonesia which can end up blanketing the entire South East Asian region, causing airports and schools to close.
A Harvard University study estimated that the worst fires in decades in 2015 were linked to more than 90,000 early deaths. The fires that year are also believed to have produced more carbon emissions in just a few months than the entire United States economy.
Many of the tribal allegations against Korindo were investigated for two years by the Forest Stewardship Council. The regulator's tree logo - found on paper products throughout the UK and Europe - is meant to tell consumers the product is sourced from ethnically and sustainable companies. The FSC report into allegations against Korindo was never published, after legal threats from the company, but the BBC obtained a copy.
The report found "evidence beyond reasonable doubt" that Korindo's palm oil operation destroyed 30,000 hectares of high conservation forest in breach of FSC regulations; that Korindo was, "on the balance of probability … supporting the violation of traditional and human rights for its own benefit"; and was "directly benefitting from the military presence to gain an unfair economic advantage" by "providing unfair compensation rates to communities".
"There was no doubt that Korindo had been in violation of our rules. That was very clear," Kim Carstensen, the FSC's executive director, told the BBC at the group's headquarters in Germany.
The report recommended unequivocally that Korindo be expelled from the body. But the recommendation was rejected by the FSC board - a move environmental groups say undermined the credibility of the organisation. A letter sent to the FSC board in August, signed by 19 local environmental groups, said the groups could no long rely on the body "to be a useful certification tool to promote forest conservation and respect for community rights and livelihoods".
Mr Carstensen, the executive director, defended the decision to allow Korindo to stay. "These things have happened, right? Is the best thing to do to say they were in breach of our values so we're not going to have anything to do with you anymore?" he said.
"The logic of the board has been, 'We want to see the improvements happen'."
Korindo strongly denied that the company was involved in any human rights violations but acknowledged there was room for improvements and said it was implementing new grievance procedures.
It said it had paid fair compensation to tribes and that it had paid an additional $8 per hectare for the loss of trees - a sum decided by the Indonesian government, which granted them the concession. The BBC tried to confirm the figure with the Indonesian government, but officials declined to comment on Korindo.
The Indonesian government maintains generally that Papua is an integral part of the nation, recognised by the international community. The province, which is half of the island of New Guinea (the other half belongs to the country of Papua New Guinea), became part of Indonesia after a controversial referendum overseen by the UN in 1969, in which just 1,063 tribal elders were selected to vote.
Since then, control over Papua's rich natural resources has become a flashpoint in a long-running, low-level separatist conflict. Papuan activists call the 1969 referendum the "act of no choice".
The Indonesian military has been accused by activist groups of gross human rights abuses in its attempts to suppress dissent in Papua and protect business interests there. Foreign observers are rarely granted access, "because there is something that the state wants to hide", according to Andreas Harsono, an Indonesian researcher with the US-based Human Rights Watch.
"They are hiding human rights abuses, environmental degradation, deforestation," he said. "And the marginalisation of indigenous people - economically, socially and politically."
In an attempt to ease tensions, Papua was granted greater autonomy in 2001, and there has been a significant increase in government funds for the region, with Jakarta vowing to bring prosperity to the people of Papua and saying it is committed to resolving past rights abuses.
Derek Ndiwaen was one of those in the Mandobo tribe who, like Petrus Kinggo, took money from Korindo for their land. Derek's sister Elisabeth was away at the time, working in the city, and she didn't find out about the deal until she returned home. According to Elisabeth, Derek became embroiled in conflict with other tribes over the land deals. She believes the stress played a role in his death.
"My brother would never have sold his pride or forest before," she said, through tears. "The company didn't bring prosperity. What they did was create conflict, and my brother was the victim."
Elisabeth said that her brother was also made promises of free schooling for his children and health care for the family - promises she said were never realised.
"The forest is gone and we are living in poverty," she said. "After our forest has been sold you would think we would be living a good life. But here in 2020 we are not."
According to Elisabeth, Korindo told the community it would build good roads and provide clean water.
But residents in her village of Nakias, in the Ngguti district say life hadn't changed the way they hoped. There's no clean running water or electricity in the village. Those that can afford it use generators but fuel costs four times as much as in the capital Jakarta.
Korindo said that the company directly employs more than 10,000 people and has put $14m (£11m) into social projects in Papua, including food programmes for malnourished children and scholarships.
The company has stopped all further clearing until an assessment of high conservation and high carbon stock forests inside their concessions is carried out.
"The bigger question of what to do with the sins of the past will take a bit of time," said Kim Carstensen, the FSC chairman. "Whether it's two years, three years - that I don't know."
Elisabeth fears that nothing will make up for the destruction of the rainforest.
"When I see that our ancestral forest is all cleared, chopped down, it's heart-breaking," she said. "It should have been passed on to the next generation."
"I walk through the plantation crying, and ask myself, where are our ancestors' spirits now that our forest has been completely destroyed. And it happened under my watch."
Petrus Kinggo did receive money from Korindo, he said - about $42,000 (£32,000), equal to 17 years' pay on the provincial monthly minimum wage. And the company paid for one of his eight children's school fees until 2017. He said he did not receive a house or a generator, and the money is all gone.
"I have nothing left," he said. "Uncles, nephews, in-laws, grandchildren, brothers, sisters all took some. And then I spent what was left on my own children's education."
Thousands of hectares of the Mandobo tribe's once vast rainforest has been logged and replaced with neat rows of oil palm trees. A further 19,000 hectares now inside a Korindo concession is earmarked for clearing.
Mr Kinggo is fighting to save some of what's left. He fears future generations will have to "live off money" rather than the forest. He blames the government for not consulting with the villagers before giving the concession to Korindo and "sending them here to pressure us".
But when he walks through the forest now, he looks inside, and the money he took weighs on him.
"According to God I have sinned, I deceived 10 tribes," he said.
"The company said, 'Thank you Petrus for looking after us so well'. But in my heart I knew I had done wrong."
You can watch a film version of this story, The Burning Scar, in the UK on the BBC News Channel on the 21/22 November 2020 at 21:30 GMT and at various times this weekend on BBC World News.
You can also listen to the radio documentary on the BBC World Service here.
All images copyright
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Aberdeen City Council's blueprint for development over the next 20 years has been largely backed by government officials.
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The local plan designates sites for up to 36,000 homes and nearly 200 hectares of business land.
It also safeguards land for transport infrastructure including the Aberdeen bypass and third River Don crossing.
An A96 park and ride, and improvements to the South College Street and Berryden corridors are also included.
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Plans to cut hundreds of jobs and close museums and libraries have been confirmed by Lancashire County Council's cabinet as it looks to save £65m over the next two years.
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Councillors agreed to cut 367 full-time jobs and reduce the number of libraries from 74 to 34.
The moves are part of the council's bid to save £262m by April 2020 following government cuts.
Since January 2014, 1100 people have taken voluntary redundancy.
Among the measures approved are removing funding for subsidised bus services, ending free transport for faith schools and ending the funding of five museums - Queen Street Mill, Helmshore, Museum of Lancashire, Judges' Lodgings and Fleetwood Museum.
Jennifer Mein, the Labour leader of Lancashire County Council, said: "The decisions we have taken today are heartbreaking but reflect the unprecedented financial situation we face."
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Two men have been arrested on suspicion of murder over the death of a teenager who was stabbed during a street fight.
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Police were called to Duckworth Lane in Bradford at midnight on Thursday where large groups of men were fighting and damage had been caused to cars.
Muhammed Mujahid Hussain, 19, from the city, was taken to Bradford Royal Infirmary with a single stab wound but later died.
The men, aged 18 and 20, are being questioned, West Yorkshire Police said.
Two other men, aged 17 and 20, who were previously arrested for violent disorder remain in custody.
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An implausible love story in which a (literally) high-flying South Korean heiress accidentally paraglides into North Korea, lands on a soldier and falls in love with him has become the latest Korean drama smash hit.
Crash Landing on You is in many ways a typical K-drama romance, but has been widely praised for its well-researched and nuanced portrayal of North Korea, something it achieved by having a real-life North Korean defector on its writing team, as BBC Korean's Subin Kim explains.
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With his broad shoulders and thick torso, Kwak Moon-wan has all the appearance of a bodyguard.
That's probably because until 2004, he served with the Supreme Guard Command, the elite security force which protects North Korea's ruling Kim family.
He was so trusted that he was assigned to work overseas too, for a North Korean trade company in Moscow which was bringing in much needed foreign currency.
Only a select few North Koreans are permitted to work outside the country, and to ensure their continued loyalty the leaders have measures in place - Kwak had to leave his wife and son behind in North Korea.
In 2004, he was ordered to return to Pyongyang. During a stopover in Beijing, he found out one of his friends in Moscow had reported to their bosses in Pyongyang what he had said in private conversation.
He knew immediately that what he'd said would cause huge trouble when he got home.
During our conversation in a coffee shop in Seoul, Kwak kept glancing around to check who might be nearby. He speech is straightforward, if not blunt, but Kwak wouldn't repeat to me what he said. He'd only say he had talked about what he saw while escorting members of the Kim family back then.
So he decided to defect. Alone. And he has lived in South Korea without his family ever since.
"I only have one shadow when the sun comes up," Kwak said. "That's my life in South Korea."
After arriving in South Korea, Kwak, like thousands of North Korean defectors, began the process of building a new life. And it took a remarkable twist of fate for Kwak to find his way into the booming world of Korean entertainment.
From defector to film adviser
Before entering the military, Kwak had spent time learning about film. Back in the 1980s, the North Korean film industry was booming, because of then leader Kim Jong Il's well-known love of the art.
At that time, Kwak was about to embark on further education, and he ended up being accepted to study film directing in Pyongyang University of Dramatic and Cinematic Arts.
Shortly after Kwak arrived in South Korea, a famous filmmaker who was working on a North Korea-themed film project approached South Korea's spy agency asking for some advice.
Kwak had just finished his interrogations, part of the resettlement process new defectors go through, in which he'd talked about his film skills.
The agency put him in touch with the filmmaker, who offered him a job at his film company. Kwak accepted it right away.
He went on to work as an adviser and a screenwriter on a number of films and dramas, and in 2018 a former colleague introduced Kwak to Park Ji-eun, the head writer of the drama.
She had come up with an idea of a romantic comedy featuring a North Korean officer and a South Korean heiress, but her lack of intimate knowledge of Northern life was a pressing concern.
Kwak joining the team kick-started the Crash Landing on You project.
Undercover spies and homeless children
The series has become one of the most successful Korean dramas of all time. It tells the story of heiress and businesswoman Yoon Se-ri and North Korean army captain Ri Jeong-hyuk.
While out paragliding one day, Se-ri gets caught up by freak winds, and pushed over the border into North Korea. She is found by the dashing Jeong-hyuk, who instead of turning her in agrees to keep her safe and help her return home. Inevitably, they fall in love.
Kwak's intimate knowledge of how North Korean officials operate meant he was able to contribute ingenious plot devices.
For example, at one point, secret police come across Se-ri hiding in a village. Jeong-hyuk quickly comes up with the line that she is a spy with Division 11, the military unit which works undercover in the South.
That helps explain her Southern accent, her lack of paperwork and her appearance, and gave the character the freedom to explore the village and interact with others, while refusing to answer their questions about her life on security grounds.
Throughout the show, there are depictions of life which could be made credible through the insights of someone like Kwak.
Trains are shown abruptly stopping because of power cuts, homeless children on the streets, and fridges used to store books and clothes instead of food.
Kwak also helped create a subplot in the drama, of another pair of star-crossed lovers from the North and South, Gu Seung-joon and Seo.
After embezzling a huge amount of money from Se-ri's brother, Seung-joon goes on the run, and decides to seek refuge in North Korea.
"North Korea is the only place the Interpol can't reach," Kwak says.
Is it true that North Korea offers protection for wanted criminals in exchange for a hefty amount of money? "It is indeed plausible," Kwak says. "That's all I'd like to say."
Praise from other defectors
Some have accused Crash Landing on You of glamorising North Korea. For example, villagers seem to have plenty of food - but in reality food shortages are a recurring problem.
But these nuanced details are rarely seen by South Koreans, and the drama has even got other defectors excited.
Chun Hyo-jin, who defected when she was 19, said the drama does deviate from reality but that does not dent her enthusiasm for it. Most of her family are now living in the South, and the drama has become a weekly topic.
"Every time it's on air, we call each other on the phone and talk about the drama," Chun says.
"It has made the people interested in North Korea. It gets my friends to ask me about North Korea and I'm really grateful for it."
It's also won praise from people like Sokeel Park, who works with defectors through Liberty in North Korea.
"Its portrayal of various aspects of North Korean society have clearly been thoroughly researched, resulting in the most three-dimensional portrayal of North Korean society of any film or drama to date," he told the BBC.
"It is refreshing how it portrays various aspects of North Korean society without unnecessarily passing judgement, and shows North Koreans as complex people who are ultimately relatable and even lovable, even if they are culturally different."
It's well known that North Koreans, especially the young ones, are fans of K-drama too - and as Crash Landing on You accurately depicts, a lot of South Korean films and dramas are smuggled into North Korea.
Kwak says he hasn't heard of any North Korean who has watched the drama.
"I'm sure they will be very interested. It's their story. It's about them.
"And I guess that especially North Korean men would feel very grateful to have a handsome guy like Hyun Bin to play one of them," he chuckled.
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Part of a former Co-op building has collapsed.
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The building on Abbey Street in Nuneaton was bought by the borough council earlier this year and was in the process of being demolished.
Some debris from the building fell on to the scaffolding, causing it to collapse against the building, within the safety exclusion zone, the authority said.
Nobody was injured when the brickwork came down at about 10:55 BST.
Witness Paul Hancock, who was in a nearby coffee shop at the time, said part of the roof at the rear of the building was being removed by workers when a section at the front collapsed on to the scaffolding at the front.
He said he watched as the front of the building came "tumbling down".
The company that was demolishing the building said it appeared there was a failure in the roof, which caused brickwork to fall on to scaffolding.
Cawarden managing director William Crooks said the firm would be investigating the cause, but explained the roof was "not in that good condition".
The company was five weeks into a 10-week demolition of the building and had been hoping to pull down more of it on Wednesday, but had stopped to make it safe, Mr Crooks said.
He added there had been safety barriers around the site at the time, to prevent anyone getting too close.
Residents in Nuneaton told the BBC children's rides had been set up close to the former Co-op store for an event a day earlier.
They had been cleared away by Wednesday morning and Cawarden said safety barriers surrounded the building before work started on Wednesday.
An area has been cordoned off and Warwickshire Police has asked people to avoid Abbey Street.
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After months of intensive bombing by Syrian and Russian forces, the town of Kafr Nabl in Syria's last rebel-held province is now home to more cats than people. Humans and felines now provide comfort to one another in hard times, writes the BBC's Mike Thomson.
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Crouched beneath a table in the corner of his rubble strewn basement, a man shelters from the barrage of bombs above. But 32-year-old Salah Jaar (pictured above) is not alone. Huddled beside him are half a dozen assorted cats, all as petrified as he is.
"It's comforting when the cats are close," he tells me. "'It makes the bombardment, the demolition, the suffering, seem much less frightening."
Salah's home town, Kafr Nabl, was once home to more than 40,000 people, but fewer than 100 remain. It's hard to guess how many cats there are - certainly hundreds, possibly thousands.
"So many people have left Kafr Nabl that the population has become very small. The cats need somebody to care for them and give them food and water, so they've taken refuge in the homes of those who've stayed. Each house now has about 15 cats, sometimes even more," Salah says.
Salah still works as a news reporter for the local radio station, Fresh FM, even though its original studios were reduced to rubble in a recent air strike. Fortunately the station's operations had been moved, just before that, to a safer town nearby.
The radio station, which broadcast warning of bombing raids as well as news, comedy and phone-in programmes, was popular with cats as well as people. Dozens made their home there. Its founder, the remarkable activist, Raed Fares, killed by Islamist gunmen in November 2018, even allocated a special allowance for them, to buy them milk and cheese.
"Many cats were born in the building. One of them, who was white with brown spots, developed a special affinity with Raed. She would go everywhere with him and even sleep by his side," Salah says.
As he leaves what remains of his shattered house, he is greeted by a near-deafening cacophony of mews coming from every direction, some light and melodious, others screeching and desperate. This happens to everyone, he says.
"Sometimes when we're walking in the street there are about 20 and maybe even 30 cats walking with us the whole way. Some of them even come home with us."
When darkness falls the barks and whines of numerous stray dogs add to the nocturnal soundscape. They too are hungry and homeless. Their nightly scavenging for food and a place to sleep brings them into competition with Kafr Nabl's cats. Outmuscled though they may be, Salah insists that there's usually only one winner in these regular confrontations.
"It's the cats of course! There are so many more of them."
Most of them were until recently much loved pets of families who fled the town soon after pro-regime forces launched efforts to retake Idlib last April. Now, deprived of TLC and regular meals, they have had to find new homes among the rubble.
And even though people like Salah can no longer be sure of staying alive, never mind where their next meal is coming from, it seems there is always a place at the table for his four-legged friends.
"Whenever I eat, they eat, whether it's vegetables, noodles or just dried bread. In this situation I feel that we're both weak creatures and need to help each other," he says.
It is not surprising, given the constant bombing, that cats often get injured, along with everyone else. Again, despite the shortages of medicines and just about everything else, Salah says every effort is made to care for them.
"I have a friend who has cats in his house. One of them was hit by a rocket which almost blew his front paw off. But we managed to get it to Idlib city for treatment and it's now walking around as well as before," he says.
With President Bashar al-Assad's forces now not far from Kafr Nabl, the town looks likely to be overrun before soon. Salah admits to being worried, not just for himself and his friends, but for the town's feline population.
"We've shared the good times and the bad, the joy and the pain and the many, many fears. They have become our partners in life," he says.
And he insists that if the worst happens and he and others are forced to flee Kafr Nabl, they'll take many of the cats with them.
Amid all the horrors of war, it seems a close bond has been formed between people and pets that will not be easily broken.
You can hear Mike Thomson's radio report on PM at 17:00 on BBC Radio 4
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The cat man of Aleppo, Mohammad Aljaleel, touched the hearts of millions when his sanctuary featured in a BBC video in 2016. He had to leave the city when it fell to Syrian government forces, but he's now back - in an area nearby - and helping children as well as animals, reports Diana Darke.
The return of the cat man of Aleppo (March 2019)
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Four years ago, Danny Boyle unveiled his opening ceremony for the London 2012 Olympic Games.
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Isles of Wonder was based on the transformation of Britain, from a "green and pleasant land" to the internet era, via the industrial age.
A cast of 10,000 volunteers were involved in the memorable £27m show, which featured farmyard animals, several Voldemorts and even James Bond.
Its creation was captured by Ben Delfont, a stage manager for the event.
The opening ceremony in numbers
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People sick of seeing more and more rubbish lying around are picking up their bags and grabbers and going litter picking.
After BBC News featured Jac Danielle, who spends her spare time tidying up Coventry , many others got in contact to share stories of how volunteers are clearing up the West Midlands.
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'It is satisfying to look back over an area you have cleaned'
Johnny Sanders said he had noticed a number of pickers working separately around his town of Shifnal in Shropshire.
He decided to set up the TF11 Wombles group to bring them together and it now has more than 330 members online.
He first began picking litter about 18 months ago when, as a runner and dog walker, he started noticing more and more litter around the town.
"It started off as a way to curb my anger," he said.
"People have a horrible habit of bagging their dog poo and hanging it in a tree, and that really did wind me up, but there was nothing I could do to fix it except collect it myself.
"Now when I go out walking I take a little bag and everything I see, I pick up and drop in a bag.
He said he had set up the group in part to connect local litter pickers and also to try to encourage people not to drop litter.
He chose to name it after The Wombles, the children's characters who helped tidy Wimbledon Common, he said.
"It has taken off absolutely wonderfully, young families are going out picking as a hobby at the weekend and in the evenings," he said.
Malcolm Rolling is a member of the group and said on Saturday they had collected about 30 bags of rubbish.
A keen walker, he said: "It is an excuse to go out in countryside and to pick up litter.
"I've found a 2005 crisp packet, 2009 crisp packet, last week I found one from 2011 blowing across the middle of a field along a public right of way, where it has been for the last 10 years, I don't know."
Mr Rolling said it was "satisfying" to see an area having been cleaned.
"On the day you arrive you can see the litter on the surface and you know there is more in [the] grass.
"When you have finished it you look back and see a nice green verge with nothing sparkling out at you."
'We have an army of volunteers'
Lichfield Litter Legends started off as a group of only half a dozen people picking litter in the north of the Staffordshire city.
But after Sharon Coleman and Bob Harrison turned it into its own charitable organisation last year, membership has spiralled.
Ms Coleman said it had grown "massively" over the past six months, with 180 active members picking all over the city.
Since January, Ms Coleman said, its members had collected 1,562 bags of litter from across Lichfield.
During the lockdown, she said, people had been going out on their own, or as family units, to pick.
"We do it [to] try to help wildlife and nature and for community pride," she said.
"We are all over Lichfield, like an army of volunteers."
She said they were "incredibly proud" of everyone helping out.
"You do get a lot of satisfaction, but the only upsetting thing is it is like gardening, you can weed one patch and within couple of weeks they are back again," she said.
They hope to continue to educate people about the issue of littering in the hope to reduce the amount people drop.
Last year, volunteers helped clear rubbish left at the site of an illegal rave in Brookhay Woods, attended by more than 500 people.
Ms Coleman said they had retrieved "absolutely thousands" of nitrous oxide canisters.
Group chairman Mr Harrison said he believed the Covid-19 pandemic had seen numbers of litter pickers increase, as more people took walks around their local area.
"The sort of things we pick up, you would not believe it, Sharon found a bag of lobster claws, we picked up a kitchen sink, barbecues, you would be amazed at the sort of things we pick up," he said.
"But it is there so we pick it up."
'Rather than moaning about it, why not do something about it?'
Stephen Farrow, from Northfield, and his step-daughter 12-year-old Annabelle began noticing the litter and abandoned shopping trolleys near where they live in Birmingham.
They decided to take matters into their own hands and began collecting litter along the Rea Valley river walk, which they use every day.
"We kept walking past and moaning about people dropping litter," he said.
"Then, we thought, rather than moaning about it, why not do something about it?
"It blights a really nice space that people use a lot."
They have gone out picking at weekends for the past three weeks.
Mr Farrow believes the increase in people using their local outside spaces due to the lockdown has caused the rise of rubbish.
"It is just about improving [the] area we live in," he said.
"[Annabelle] really loves it actually.
"She carries the litter picker, I watch her and hold the bag... I have to bring her in because I start to get cold but I think she would be out there all day.
"People say the council should do it, but we live in these areas.
"It looks clean and tidy; I think there will be more reluctance to damage it more."
'A sense of achievement'
Erdington Litter Busters in Birmingham started in June 2018 and meet twice a month to pick litter and "have a friendly coffee afterwards".
They encourage members to adopt a street they would like to look after. Dawn Edwards from the group described the work as "a combination of exercise and also a sense of achievement".
She said it also provided "a sense of mental wellbeing because you go out, you litter pick, you tidy up your street, you feel really good about it".
Rob Gunnell from the group said that while the main aim was to pick up litter, it had also raised the spirits of people in the area.
He said: "People want to get outdoors and it's a really lifting people's mental health as well."
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The International Criminal Court's chief prosecutor, Luis Moreno Ocampo, has named six people suspected of bearing the greatest responsibility for Kenya's post-election violence in 2007. The BBC's Josphat Makori reports from Nairobi on what this means for Kenya.
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The ICC's move is being viewed by optimists as the end of the country's culture of impunity, but pessimists fear it could spark a new round of ethnic blood-letting.
Proponents of the Hague process see it as the only way of achieving justice in a country where those in high office have never been brought to account for their actions.
"As Kenyans we are very excited that the culture of impunity, especially at the highest levels, is finally being brought a close," Florence Jaoko, chair of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, told the BBC.
But there are fears that the naming of the suspects may trigger violence, especially because of the political influence wielded by some of them.
Key among the suspects is William Ruto, arguably the most influential politician in the populous Rift Valley, the area worst affected by the post-election violence.
'Clear conscience'
Mr Ruto is accused of having been a key planner of the violence but he and his allies have recently been holding public meetings in the region, dismissing the ICC process as a sham, even discrediting any evidence the court may be relying on.
There are fears the former minister for higher education could mobilise the community to cause violence, should any action be taken against him.
He has hinted that the charges are politically motivated but said he would be ready to face justice.
The ICC move is expected to have far-reaching ramifications in the politics of Kenya, as it touches deep into the inner circles of both President Mwai Kibaki and Prime Minister Raila Odinga - the two rivals whose dispute over the election triggered the violence and whose agreement to share power ended it.
The six names are split evenly between the two sides, so it is seen as balanced - even too much so.
One of the close allies of Mr Kibaki mentioned is Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta.
The 49-year-old politician, who is also minister for finance, is viewed as one of the front-runners to succeed the president and wields considerable influence in central Kenya.
Mr Kenyatta is accused of having coordinated revenge attacks carried out by the outlawed Mungiki gang, after members of his Kikuyu community were attacked in the Rift Valley.
He insists he is innocent and ready to go to The Hague.
"My conscience is clear, has been and will always be clear, that I have committed no crime," he told journalists in Nairobi after the Hague announcement.
A number of politicians from his region have dismissed the Hague process and have urged the government to pull out of the ICC.
Political observers in Kenya have seen the naming of Mr Kenyatta and Mr Ruto as giving Mr Odinga a huge advantage in the 2012 presidential elections, as they were seen as his main rivals.
Should the ICC judges rule that the two have cases to answer, their participation in the presidential race would be severely curtailed.
But perhaps the deepest Mr Ocampo has gone into Mr Kibaki's inner circle is in the naming of Head of Civil Service and Secretary to the Cabinet, Francis Muthaura.
Mr Muthaura is a long-term ally and key lieutenant of the president. He is accused by the ICC chief prosecutor of having presided over a security meeting at state house that issued shoot-to-kill orders to the police.
Soon after he was mentioned, Mr Muthaura dismissed the allegations and accused the ICC prosecutor of treating him unfairly.
"The prosecutor has not contacted me at any time or sought an account from me, he has not even tried. Yet he has thought it appropriate to name me," he said.
Uncomfortable questions
In naming the former police commissioner Major Gen Hussein Ali, Mr Ocampo may also have touched a sensitive nerve in government.
Mr Ali was named for his role as head of the police force that is accused of having carried out the post-election violence.
As commander-in-chief of the armed forces, the president may find this coming uncomfortably close to questioning his own responsibility.
These accusations against key allies appear to have prompted the president himself to release a statement in reaction to Mr Ocampo's announcement.
He said that in signing international treaties, the overriding desire of the country is to advance its own interests both locally and internationally.
In the ongoing debate about the ICC process, some have called on the president to remove from office anyone adversely mentioned, but he has indicated that he will not be doing so.
He said calls for action against them were "prejudicial, preemptive and against the rules of natural justice".
Mr Ocampo's list also touches one of Mr Odinga's key allies, Henry Kosgey, who is the chairman of Mr Odinga's Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) party. He is accused of planning the post-election violence.
Mr Kosgey, who is now the industrialisation minister, has remained close to the prime minister, even when most politicians from his Rift Valley region have broken ranks with him.
The prime minister, who initially had expressed his support for the ICC process, is yet to react to Mr Ocampo's announcement.
The heat generated by the ICC announcement was immediately felt in the country's parliament, where members interrupted its business to debate a motion urging the government to pull out of the ICC process.
On the streets of Nairobi, opinion is divided over Mr Ocampo's move.
While some have welcomed it, others fear that he might not get the necessary co-operation from the government.
"The president's close allies have been named, I don't think he'll allow anything to be done against them," said Rashid Abdi, a street vendor.
The government has said it is beefing up security countrywide to forestall any violent reactions that may follow the announcement.
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Farmers have been urged to store their silage, slurry and diesel appropriately following three major pollution incidents in Wales.
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Officers from Natural Resources Wales (NRW) have recently dealt with two major slurry pollution incidents in Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire.
They also dealt with a serious diesel spill on a Carmarthenshire farm.
NRW has warned that these pollutants can kill fish and harm birds.
Phil Morgan, catchment coordinator at NRW, said that reporting incidents quickly will help to "reduce the environmental impact".
Guidance has been issued on legally storing silage, slurry and fuel.
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Chelsea Kwakye is not your typical Cambridge University student.
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Her mum is a nurse, her dad works in a post office depot, she went to a state school - and she's black and British.
Newly released data has found that four-fifths of students accepted at Oxbridge between 2010 and 2015 have parents in top professional and managerial jobs.
The figures also show that only three of Oxford's 32 colleges made an offer to a black A-level applicant every year over the same period.
Statistics from Cambridge revealed a quarter of colleges failed to make any offers to black British applicants during that time.
Chelsea, 20, is in her final year studying history at Cambridge.
She told Newsbeat how her university experience had in many ways been shaped by a lack of representation.
"I'm the only black female on my course at the moment, and in terms of males I think there are about two," she said.
"There's so much opportunity to study such a breadth of history from all over the world, Europe, Asia and Africa.
"But it has been difficult at times being taught by a white lecturer and then being the only black student when you're doing a paper in the history of Africa."
"Visibility is definitely a problem. It's almost like a cycle where you don't see many black people at Cambridge or in courses like history so you think it's something that black people don't do."
A spokesman at Cambridge said it currently spent £5m on outreach to encourage students from all backgrounds to apply.
But in Chelsea's experience, she wishes the teachers at her state school had known more about the application process.
"The main resource that I had to use was the internet, so looking at the website online and going on YouTube to find out about the interview process," she said.
"But I remember at college my teachers didn't know a lot about the application process.
"So I think in terms of access it's not just about focusing on prospective students, but also the teachers and how they're encouraging students from state schools to apply."
Chelsea, who is vice-president of the Cambridge University African Caribbean Society, says the lack of representation extends further than race.
"For me something that I do try to emphasise is that black doesn't always mean working class.
"So I think we need to be careful when we talk about this situation as it affects white working-class people too.
"But in spite of this I've had a very good experience - we can't let a lack of representation stop us from getting the best out of our time here."
Find us on Instagram at BBCNewsbeat and follow us on Snapchat, search for bbc_newsbeat
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Political cartoonists, like other journalists in Iran, have to tread a fine line - taboo subjects change with the ebb and flow of the political power play among the ruling factions, making it difficult for commentators to determine the lines they cannot cross.
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By Arash AhmadiBBC Monitoring
For example, the lampooning of the clerical classes is generally not acceptable, but cartoons of former reformist President Mohammad Khatami, himself a man of the cloth, go unpunished.
Current President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is not immune either - cartoons ridicule his looks and prominent nose. His falling out with Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei may have something to do this.
So it came as a surprise when a cartoonist was recently sentenced to 25 lashes for publishing a caricature of a right-wing MP from Iran's Central Province.
Mahmoud Shokrayeh's cartoon of Ahmad Lotfi Ashtiani appeared in the Nam-e Amir journal, published in the central city of Arak. It showed the MP wearing a football kit in the middle of a pitch with one arm on his waist, holding an award certificate in one hand and with his foot on a football.
A number of Iranian politicians have recently been criticised for interfering in sports.
'Cruel' punishment
Other Iranian cartoonists were quick to come to Shokrayeh's defence.
Mana Neyestani condemned the sentence on his colleague as "cruel and uncivilised". He went on to call on others to publish more cartoons of the MP in solidarity with Shokrayeh.
Other reactions followed. Prominent journalist and blogger Masih Alinejad published an interview with Esmail Kowsari, a member of the parliament's National Security Committee.
She quoted the MP as saying: "I doubt such a sentence would be issued for just a caricature. An accusation has its own punishment."
In another post, she wrote: "Mr MP, a caricature does not mean insult and rudeness." Alinejad also praised Mana for his suggestion of more cartoons lampooning the MP.
This was followed by the sudden appearance of a number of cartoons lampooning Mr Ashtiani.
Cartoonist Jamal Rahmati posted a simple cartoon of the MP, with a caption saying: "Mr MP, if drawing your cartoon leads to 25 lashes, please come and lash me too."
Meanwhile, Vahid Nikgoo's cartoon showed Mr Ashtiani looking into a mirror with a speech bubble saying: "I'll take you to court and sentence you to lashes so that you won't draw me like this any more!"
And comments by Iranians on the Balatarin community website were indicative of the mood.
"If I had the skill, I would draw cartoons of this MP for a whole week and upload them onto the net," wrote Majidkhan. "A plea to all those who can, roll your sleeves up and get drawing!"
"This poor MP made it worse for himself. If he had kept quiet, no-one would have seen the cartoon. He himself has made it go international!" said another.
BBC Monitoring selects and translates news from radio, television, press, news agencies and the internet from 150 countries in more than 70 languages. It is based in Caversham, UK, and has several bureaux abroad. For more reports from BBC Monitoring, click here
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A teenager has been arrested after a woman was stabbed in the stomach while walking her dog in a "random and unprovoked" attack.
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The stabbing happened at about 10:30 BST in woodland in Boxhill Park, near Clifton Drive, Abingdon.
The woman, who is in her 50s, is receiving treatment at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford.
Police said a 17-year-old boy from Abingdon has been arrested on suspicion of attempted murder.
Det Insp Ali Driver described the incident as "a random and unprovoked attack".
He said: "Incidents such as this are exceedingly rare, and people in the area are likely to see an increased number of police officers while our investigations continue."
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With new space missions come new and improved capabilities. And for those interested in what's happening to the ice on Planet Earth, we have two ventures this year that are going to make a major contribution to our understanding.
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Jonathan AmosScience correspondent@BBCAmoson Twitter
Ice is the "climate canary". The loss, and the rate of that loss, tell us something about how global warming is progressing.
In the Arctic, the most visible sign is the decline of sea-ice, which, measured at its minimum extent over the ocean in September, is reducing by about 14% per decade.
At the other pole, the marine floes look much the same as they did in the earliest satellite imagery from the 1960s, but land ice is in a negative phase.
Something on the order of 160 billion tonnes are being lost annually, with most of that mass going from the west of the White Continent.
The two 2018 missions of interest that will pick up these trends and extend them into the future are Grace Follow-On and IceSat-2.
The former is the successor to the highly successful US-German gravity spacecraft that operated from 2002 to 2017.
Grace is actually a pair of satellites that pursue each other around the globe in formation with a separation of 220km.
They accelerate and decelerate in turn as they pass over variations in the local gravity field. It is a very small effect - a change in distance equivalent to the thickness of a human hair - but discernible to the microwave ranging instrumentation carried on the satellites.
Because the gravity variations are a function of changes in mass, the pair are able, literally, to weigh the ice sheets sitting below them on land as they pass overhead.
Its from the first Grace mission's observations, for example, that we know Greenland is currently losing about 280 billion tonnes of ice to the ocean every year.
It's a significant contribution to the 3.4mm per annum rise in global sea levels.
Grace Follow-On will work in the same way as its predecessor did, but it will also demonstrate a laser range-finder.
"It's a first in space, and it allows us to do the ranging with much higher precision - a factor of 10 to 20 times better," says US space agency (Nasa) deputy project scientist Felix Landerer. "So, we go from that human hair thickness down to the scale of large viruses."
Stop and think about that for a second - measuring the distance between London and Sheffield to the accuracy of the width of a large virus.
This impressive German laser technology will form the basis of the orbiting instruments that will eventually be used to detect the cataclysmic collisions of the biggest black holes in the cosmos. Stay tuned. That mission to sense gravitational waves - it's called Lisa - will launch in the 2030s.
Back here on Earth, the other ice project this year also involves a laser. IceSat-2 will fire six green beams of light at the Arctic floes and land ice-sheets to measure their shape.
Simple but effective: the satellite times the return of the reflected beams and converts that into a range, which in turn is converted into an elevation.
Again, the new satellite is a successor. The previous effort in the 2000s, known as IceSat-1, showed remarkable promise as an ice-sensing tool. However, its mission was blighted by fragile diode technology, and it could only use its laser for a handful of months a year.
"IceSat-2 is a micro-pulse laser," says Nasa project scientist Thorsten Markus. "The strength of the laser pulses is much, much smaller than it was on IceSat-1, and we also have a very high pulse repetition frequency of 10kHz. Basically, the laser is always on, which makes it much less stressful on the diodes.
"We've had some diodes running [in test form] for seven, eight years now. So, conceptually, one laser should last a whole mission of seven years and we have two lasers onboard," he told BBC News.
The hope is IceSat-2 will be up and operating before Europe's ageing CryoSat mission dies.
CryoSat has been pursing very similar objectives, except its "tape measure" is a radar altimeter.
A period of overlap would allow for an inter-comparison. This is not wholly straightforward. The laser on IceSat and the radar on CryoSat don't range to exactly the same surface.
In the former's case, the light beams are reflected off the very top of any snow covering the ice. In the latter's case, the radar can penetrate the snowpack for many tens of centimetres, depending on conditions, before scattering back to the spacecraft.
Scientists have to use modelled assumptions based on the regional climatology to account for any bias.
"It's an important consideration," says CryoSat scientist Anna Hogg from Leeds University, UK.
"If you get an extreme melt year, you can actually get a new ice layer forming in the snowpack as water trickles down from the surface and refreezes. That's what happened during 2012 when the whole of Greenland experienced melt.
"Afterwards, CryoSat saw a step change in elevation equivalent to a 0.5m increase just because the scattering horizon had risen. It made it look like Greenland had grown ice, whereas in reality it had very probably lost mass."
Dr Hogg has just returned from Antarctica where she has been drilling cores to try to understand better the layering in the snowpack and its influence on the radar's return signal.
She did this as CryoSat flew overhead, in addition to an aeroplane equipped with two types of radar ranging instrument. One used the same radio frequency (Ku-band) as Cryosat; the other used a higher frequency (Ka-band) which should scatter a lot closer to the actual surface of the snowpack.
The thinking in Europe is that if CryoSat has a follow-on, it should be dual, Ku-Ka band to try to get a more direct measure of the amount of snow lying on top of the ice. This would be particularly important for sensing sea-ice thickness.
In the Arctic, CryoSat does this by measuring the height (the freeboard) of the floating ice sticking just above the ocean water and then calculating the corresponding submerged (the draft) ice. It is roughly 1/9th above and 8/9ths below.
"That becomes problematic in the Antarctic where the snow can be so heavy that it compresses the ice to the point that it's sitting at the water-line; in other words, there is no ice freeboard," explains Leeds colleague Rachel Tilling.
While Dr Hogg was examining snow-layering conditions on land in recent weeks, Dr Tilling was doing the same with the marine floes surrounding Antarctica.
She's hopeful that the data gathered as she cruised across the Weddell Sea will lead to some of the first robust satellite sea-ice thickness maps for the region. And, certainly, this effort should be greatly assisted in the short-term if IceSat and the existing CryoSat can also run alongside each other for a good period of time. That's because the differences in how each senses the surface would lead to a much improved description of snow loading, too.
"It's a new opportunity that we haven't had before and can only mean we will get more accurate sea-ice thickness measurements. That's exciting," Dr Tilling told BBC News.
[email protected] and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos
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A 21-year-old woman has been charged with the murder of a man stabbed to death in Liverpool.
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Kyle John Farrell, 21, was found with a stab wound to his chest at a house on Charlecote Street, Dingle, in the early hours of Friday.
Merseyside Police said he died later in hospital.
Farieissia Martin, of Charlecote Street, Dingle, is due to appear before Liverpool City Magistrates' Court on Monday.
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A police officer has been in hospital for four days after being hit by a car while on a call-out.
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West Midlands Police said the 50-year-old suffered a serious head injury, broken ribs and a punctured lung.
She had been responding to a domestic incident when she was struck in Hatherton Street, Walsall, at about 09:00 BST on Thursday.
A 51-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of assault and is in custody.
Police said the suspect had been located at an address in Birchills, Walsall on Sunday.
The officer remains in hospital recovering form her injuries.
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A Qatari poet is due to appear at the Court of Appeal in Doha, to ask that his life sentence be commuted. His crime: to have written a poem which was deemed to have insulted the emir and the ruling family.
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By Tim FranksBBC News
At the same time, Qatar is continuing with its preparations to show a very different side of itself: staging some major international sporting events - none bigger than the 2022 Fifa World Cup.
So how far should the right to hold such a tournament depend on a minimum standard of human rights at home?
'Imports'
It was on 24 August 2010 that Mohammed al-Ajami, also known as Mohammed Ibn al-Dheeb, visited an apartment in Cairo.
He was a third-year Arab literature student at Cairo University. In the company of seven other people, Mr Ajami recited his latest poem, a paean to the Tunisian Revolution.
"We are all Tunisia," Mr Ajami declared. "We are standing up against the repressive elite." He did not mention his home country, Qatar, by name. Rather, he directed his ire at all governments in the region.
He ended by asking: "These rulers import all that the West has to offer.
"So why then don't they import law and freedom?"
The poem was recorded by one of the seven people in the apartment and uploaded onto the internet.
In November 2011, some time after his return to Qatar, Mr Ajami was arrested.
He was later tried and, just over a year later, sentenced to life in prison on charges of "inciting to overthrow the ruling system" and "insulting the emir".
The right time?
"He's only said a poem!" says his lawyer in Qatar, Najeeb al-Nuaimi, his voice rising in exasperation. Mr Ajami did not even recite it in public, but just "to his colleagues and friends inside an apartment", he adds.
Mr Nuaimi argues that the poem was not directed specifically at the emir or the crown prince, but that offence was looked for by the authorities.
"They brought some people from the ministry of culture, and told them to make an interpretation of this poem. Maybe the ministry of religion here can interpret the people when they have a dream?"
No-one at the Qatari ministry of justice was available for comment on the Ajami case.
But it was no lesser dignitary than Her Highness Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser al-Missned, one of the emir's wives, who in 2010 raised a rather pertinent question at the very start of her official presentation of Qatar's bid to stage the 2022 World Cup.
Looking directly at her audience in Zurich - the men right at the top of Fifa - she began her speech: "When? When do you think is the right time for the World Cup to come to the Middle East?"
The answer, from the bigwigs of Fifa, was "now". Qatar would be indeed given the right to stage the World Cup.
The emirate had convinced the powers of world football that it could build the stadiums and the transport network, provide the preferential tax regime and handle the global media rights necessary for a World Cup.
'No transparency'
But should the prize of a big sports tournament also hang on adherence to basic democratic values? Within Qatar, a tiny minority are willing to take the risk, and voice concerns.
One of them is the academic, Ali al-Kuwari. His pamphlet, Qataris for Reform, questions, among other things, whether the oil-rich emirate is wasting its finite wealth on ephemeral "transformational" projects, rather than long-term investment.
"There is no transparency regarding the public accounts," he says. "It's non-existent.
"One of our fundamental demands is to provide us with transparency on the national budget - on the losses and gains of domestic and foreign investments."
It has been widely assumed that most Qataris are delighted at the prospect of hosting the World Cup and other major sports tournaments.
But even here, Mr Kuwari raises an eyebrow.
"I can't say for sure if the people welcome it, because nobody asks the Qataris their opinion about this matter. Decision are are taken out of the blue and we have to accept them," he says.
"Another example I can mention here is the construction of military bases in Qatar; overnight these bases were set up here, and the people had no say one way or another about the matter.
"The same thing applies to the education system. There's no debate, no discussion."
Contradiction
Clearly, upholding political or civil rights was not a deal-breaker for awarding the Olympics to Beijing in 2008, or Moscow in 1980.
But Mr Nuaimi, the lawyer for the imprisoned poet, and himself a former minister of justice in Qatar, argues that there should be some linkage.
"It matters," he says. "We are making reform around the Arab world. Why don't we do it ourselves? We have to reform our society, our legal system, our political system. Then we can stand for any events around the world."
Qatar is currently preparing itself to bid for the biggest bauble of the lot, the Olympics in 2024.
A few years ago, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon warned the Olympic Movement that human rights abuses directly contradict Olympic ideals.
For those who run sport, the question remains: how heavy should that contradiction weigh?
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Rubbish including an NHS prescription, car hire documents and site visitor passes have been found dumped at the side of a village road.
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The fly-tipping in Ford Lane, Iver, Buckinghamshire, was reported to Thames Valley Police.
Officers said the "fly-tip blight" had been reported to Buckinghamshire County Council.
The authority said it would be investigating the incident with a view to prosecuting any offenders.
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In Cambodia's capital, motorbike taxis are everywhere - but it's extremely rare to see women drivers transporting tourists. Those who do are judged harshly. Katya Cengel meets the young entrepreneur trying to change that.
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When they show up at a Phnom Penh hotel in their tight red T-shirts and skinny jeans, people tend to get the wrong idea about Renou Chea and her fellow Moto Girl Tour guides.
"They think we're not 'good girls'," says Renou, a slight 26-year-old with long dark hair. "They think we're 'bad girls'."
It is an important distinction to make in Cambodia, where women who associate with foreigners are often assumed to be "bad girls" - or women who work in the sex trade.
"Sometimes they think that when we hang out with the men, it's just like for sex or something like that," adds her sister, Raksmey Chea, 23.
The Moto Girl Tour website doesn't help, offering motorbike tours of Cambodia's capital by "young and beautiful lady drivers".
Because they are all young and beautiful, Renou doesn't understand why advertising this might seem strange.
What is strange, at least in this South East Asian country, is women driving tourists. It just isn't done, says Siv Cheng, owner of Phnom Penh-based CS Travel.
"Mostly, you see, all moto (taxi) drivers are male," says Cheng.
Many women drive the little Vespa scooters and Hyundai motorbikes that zip around the city - everyone does - but they don't usually carry tourists.
Renou got the idea after an aunt told her about schoolgirls offering a moto taxi service in Thailand.
Having ridden a motorbike since high school, and having studied English in college, Renou figured showing tourists around her city would be a fun way to earn money. Having also studied accounting, she no doubt saw a good business opportunity as well. In 2015 almost five million tourists travelled to Cambodia, according to the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism.
Renou recruited her younger sister and Sreynich Horm, 22 - both as petite and pretty as Renou - and occasionally a fourth woman to be Moto Girl Tour guides.
But before they took their first tourists on board their bikes in early 2016, they had to convince their families that they would be safe.
Horm's father worried that a foreigner riding behind her could touch her and do other things to her - things "good" virgin girls should not have done to them.
To make sure they kept their reputations safe, the women established a rule - no holding on to the guide, hold the handlebar on the seat behind you instead.
When they have night tours and tours outside the city they team up. Still, friends and family often worry about the women carrying around large foreigners.
At 4ft 9in (1.45m) and 6st 5lb (40kg), Renou is the "tall" Moto Girl. Her Vespa is more than twice her weight, but she gets upset when people think she can't handle it or heavy loads.
For years she has been helping her father with his grocery store by making deliveries on her Vespa. Plus, as a woman, she believes she is actually a safer driver, something Hong Ly, guest relations' manager at Mito Hotel agrees with.
"Tourists like girls who drive slow, not weave in and out of traffic," said Ly, who keeps a stack of Moto Girl Tour brochures on her desk.
The Moto Girls may be on to something. In early 2016 Vespa Adventures motorbike tour-company opened a branch in Phnom Penh and began hiring both male and female drivers, says Alex Meldrum, manager of the Phnom Penh branch.
An American man founded the original Vespa Adventures in Vietnam. But a Cambodian woman who plans to hire mainly female drivers in the group's other Cambodian location of Siem Reap runs Cambodian Vespa Adventures.
Chanel Sinclair, a 31-year-old lawyer from Australia, was both thrilled and comforted to find female tour guides when travelling solo in Phnom Penh for the first time in spring 2016.
She was so pleased with the attentive service she received from the Moto Girls, including regular cold water deliveries and help with bartering, that she went on three tours with the group.
Renou would like to see more women travellers like Sinclair, but so far the majority of the company's 50 or so customers have been male.
Scottish photographer Ross Kennedy, 44, took a custom tour with the Moto Girls in March 2016. To find more authentic scenes for Kennedy to shoot, Horm went to a region outside the city where her father has family and asked locals' advice.
Kennedy's tour began with crashing a wedding in the morning and ended with a Buddhist blessing ceremony in the afternoon. "Those are the memories that make a trip special," Kennedy wrote in an email.
In addition to being female, the Moto Girls try to differentiate themselves as well-informed guides who can discuss Cambodian art, history and culture.
Finding the right spots are not the only challenges they face. There are the cultural differences as well, like the Indian customer who said "Yes" while shaking his head in a fashion Renou mistook for "No", or the man from New Zealand who screamed when he saw a chicken on the road.
On one occasion Renou and her client were so absorbed in their tour of the National Museum that neither heard the alarm sounding the museum's closing. Renou finally glanced at her watch at 17:30, half an hour after closing time. As they raced to the gate, her client promised to book another tour - if she could get them out of the museum.
"OK. Fantastic," Renou thought.
The locked gate proved a dead end, but some workers were able to find a security guard who let them out. Renou's customer proved true to his word and booked another tour.
Other difficulties are in the driving itself. Passengers unfamiliar with riding motorbikes sometimes lean to the left when they should lean right, says Horm.
Then there was the tourist who got the wrong idea and asked her out on a date. She turned him down, not wanting to confuse her work with her social life. Plus, she didn't fancy him.
Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter.
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It's pretty hard to avoid the National Enquirer. Sales of the downmarket US tabloid may have plummeted since a heydey in the late 1970s but its sensational celebrity headlines still shout at shoppers from the sides of checkout queues across the country.
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By Joel GunterBBC News, Washington DC
That bit of prime real estate is where the magazine does most of its business, appealing to impulse buyers with stories of extra-marital affairs, surgeries, sudden weight losses and gains, and losses, and gains, and, increasingly, Donald Trump.
Now the Enquirer has been drawn into president's latest intrigue, after the hosts of MSNBC's Morning Joe, Mika Brzezinski and Joe Scarborough, said top White House aides told them Mr Trump would let his friends at the magazine publish a damaging story about them, unless they apologised for criticising him on air.
The president, who drew widespread condemnation after tweeting crude insults at the hosts on Thursday, denied their version of events, claiming that they contacted him for help to kill the story. Mr Scarborough says he has evidence. The story looks set to roll.
Mr Trump is a good friend to the Enquirer and vice versa. He has penned self-aggrandising first-person pieces for the magazine and can reportedly be relied on to deliver a small sales boost when he's on the cover.
He is also quite literally a friend to the magazine's owner, David Pecker, chief executive of publisher American Media Incorporated. The two have been close for decades. During the campaign, Mr Trump was the beneficiary of the magazine's first presidential endorsement in its 90-year history.
Here are some recent Enquirer cover stories on the president: "How Trump will win!"; "Trump takes charge!"; and "Trump must build the wall!".
An issue from the February before the election threatened to expose skeletons in the closets of the various presidential candidates. The Trump bombshell? "Donald Trump has also been hiding a secret - he has greater support and popularity than even he's admitted to!"
There was a time when the Enquirer kept mostly out of politics, preferring celebrity peccadilloes and freaky true stories instead. Then in 1987 the magazine photographed Colorado senator and presidential hopeful Gary Hart with model Donna Rice, with whom he'd been having an affair. It was a huge scoop. Mr Hart dropped out of the race.
Then in 2010 the Pulitzer Prize board conceded that the tabloid would be eligible for journalism's most prestigious prize, after a 2007 story revealed that another presidential candidate, John Edwards, had secretly fathered a daughter with a campaign staffer.
When the magazine published unsubstantiated allegations in March 2016 that Republican hopeful Ted Cruz had affairs with at least five women, Mr Trump was rumoured to be the source of the story. Then-candidate Trump denied any involvement, but couldn't resist implicitly endorsing the tale.
"Ted Cruz's problem with the National Enquirer is his and his alone," he wrote on Facebook, "and while they were right about OJ Simpson, John Edwards, and many others, I certainly hope they are not right about Lyin' Ted Cruz."
The Enquirer gunned for Mr Trump's opponents during the campaign. It diagnosed "desperate and deteriorating" Hillary Clinton with every ailment under the sun, and declared confidently that she would be "dead in six months".
As well as accusing Mr Cruz of a string of affairs, it claimed his father was involved in the plot to kill President Kennedy. Mike Huckabee was linked to hookers and Marco Rubio to a love child. Carly Fiorina was called a "homewrecker" and Ben Carson a "bungling surgeon" who "left a sponge in a patient's brain". Jeb Bush was allegedly a cocaine fiend.
"Prez Trump" meanwhile, was "winner" and "a legend", and variations on that theme.
The Enquirer's editor-in-chief, a rambunctious Australian named Dylan Howard, argues that the magazine's unstinting support for the president is driven from the bottom, not the top. He told Bloomberg that the magazine carried out an extensive poll of its readers and they overwhelmingly favoured Mr Trump.
"My duty is to my readers," he said. "I made the decision to endorse Donald Trump. Nobody influences the editorial decision-making process at the National Enquirer other than myself and our editors. We have not been told, at any point, to go easy on Mr Trump."
Whoever the matchmaker is, the Trump-Enquirer marriage looks to be in good shape. The two are a natural fit. Writing a column for the magazine during last year's campaign, Mr Trump recalled punching his music teacher in the eye "because I didn't think he knew anything about music".
"I'm not proud of that, but it's clear evidence that even early on I had a tendency to make my opinions known in a forceful way," he wrote. "The difference now is that I use my brains instead of my fists!"
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It's June, with some of the hottest weather seen in decades - but the NHS is already worrying about the winter. Sounds odd, but hospital leaders in England argue that if decisions aren't made soon, it will be too late to inject money in a way which will make a difference when the temperature falls and emergency admissions start rising.
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Hugh PymHealth editor@bbcHughPymon Twitter
There is a hint of familiar special pleading in a new report from NHS Providers - which represents hospital, mental health, community and ambulance trusts in England.
The organisation has called frequently for more money for the NHS, and there is a tendency for its warnings about underfunding to be dismissed in Whitehall as "same old, same old".
But the NHS Providers' call for more cash for this winter comes in a year with a tight financial settlement, where funding for NHS England is rising by just over 1% - considerably less than the previous year.
Once again, budget increases will lag well behind anticipated demand. The organisation argues that there were "unacceptable levels of patient risk" last winter, with "unsafe" levels of bed occupancy at times.
Boost social care
NHS Providers makes the point that the government's commitment of £1 billion extra for social care funding in England this year was partly aimed at easing the pressure on the NHS.
The idea was that if elderly patients could be moved more swiftly out of hospital, then beds could be freed up for new admissions.
But a survey of its members suggests that only 28% of trusts have had a clear commitment that the money will be used to reduce the delayed transfers of elderly patients from hospitals to social care.
Little more than a third report that local authorities are giving a high priority to support the NHS in reducing delayed transfers.
The Local Government Association has rejected the trusts' concerns, arguing that the survey was carried out before the detailed plans for the extra social care funding were finalised.
It also points out that there are other areas in need of higher investment, such as supporting those with disabilities, and the money was not supposed to be solely focused on relieving winter pressures.
But, in essence, hospital representatives are saying that if the new social care money does not help free up many beds, there will have to be other sources of support to help the NHS navigate a difficult winter.
Wish list
On the NHS Providers wish list is an extra £350 million from the government for the winter months. This would be spent on extra staff and increasing beds in community facilities.
NHS Providers members claim that they need to know by July at the latest whether any extra money will appear.
That gives time for the recruitment of temporary staff and investment in more bed capacity. Winter funding promised in the autumn will be too late.
The Department of Health says £100 million more has already been invested in reducing pressure on hospitals in England, and the NHS and local councils will be expected to work together to ensure people are not stuck in hospital unnecessarily.
Ministers, preoccupied with the Queen's Speech and Brexit, may feel winter is some way off and not an urgent priority.
But if NHS Providers are right, the window for winter planning is getting smaller every week.
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It's the last rites of the 2015 Parliament - and in a frenzy of last minute deal-making, the legislation which can be completed will be rushed to the finishing line, while all manner of bills and other parliamentary business is dropped for lack of time.
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Mark D'ArcyParliamentary correspondent
Watch out for plenty of brinkmanship, particularly on a key amendment to the Criminal Finances Bill (see below). This will also make the whole timetable pretty fluid and prone to last minute alteration as new events are crowbarred in.
A few of the MPs who are departing at this election may deliver their Commons swansongs - and the final PMQs could be a particularly bare-knuckle occasion.
Meanwhile, up on the committee corridor, it's raining reports, as the various select committees rush out the results of their inquiries - up to 50 more reports should be out before dissolution.
The subjects include: the Women and Equalities Committee on Building for Equality: Disability and the Built Environment; the Education Committee on Exiting the EU: challenges and opportunities for higher education; Scottish Affairs on Jobcentre Plus closures, and Public Accounts (which has quite a few offerings in the pipeline) on the HMRC Estate.
Monday
The Commons meets at 2.30 pm for Communities and Local Government questions - with any urgent questions or ministerial statements likely to be slotted in at 3.30pm.
The main event will be the rushing through of the Northern Ireland (Ministerial Appointments and Regional Rates) Bill, which is designed to keep the devolved system in place while the political parties on the Assembly negotiate to set up a new executive.
The adjournment led by the Conservative Richard Drax in on primates as pets - it will raise the issues highlighted in a petition of more than 110,000 signatures calling for new welfare standards for primates. This had been gathered by visitors to Monkey World, a primate rescue centre in Mr Drax's constituency, which calls for a change the law so that those who want to keep primates have to meet exacting standards of welfare that equal those found in zoos and wildlife parks.
In Westminster Hall (4.30pm) MPs debate e-petition 172405 on closed book examinations for GCSE English Literature. The exams require students to learn and memorise as many as 250 quotations from 15 poems, two plays and a novella. The petition argues that the exams should not test the student's memory, but how they interpret texts. The petition has attracted 109,285 signatures.
The scheduled hearing of the Commons Liaison Committee, the super committee of select committee chairs with the prime minister, has been cancelled because of the election. They now aim to hold a hearing as soon as possible in the new parliament, but since the new set of chairs are unlikely to be in place before mid-July, that may not be before the summer recess.
In the Lords, business opens (2.30pm) with tributes to Sir David Beamish who has stood down as the top official of the House, the Clerk of the Parliaments (the Clerk of the Commons is "under-clerk") to be led by the Leader of the House, Baroness Evans.
And then peers move on to a series of orders and regulations, including the Trade Union (Deduction of Union Subscriptions from Wages in the Public Sector) Regulations 2017, the Immigration Act 2016 (Consequential Amendments) (Biometrics and Legal Aid) Regulations 2017, the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2017 among others.
Then there is a short debate on the report 'Race in the workplace: The McGregor-Smith Review' - which calls for all employers with more than 50 people to set aspirational targets to increase diversity and inclusion throughout their organisations - not just at the bottom. Companies should look at the make-up of the area in which they are recruiting to establish the right target. For instance, the proportion of working age people from a BME background in London and Birmingham is already over 40%, with Manchester not far behind. Baroness McGregor-Smith chairs the Women's Business Council, a working group that seeks to maximise women's contribution to economic growth, and was appointed by the then Business Secretary Sajid Javid, to lead a review of the issues faced by businesses in developing black and minority ethnic talent from when they start work through to the executive level.
The Commons meets at 11.30am for Justice questions (watch out for fallout from the demise of the Prisons and Courts Bill, which has had to be scrapped because there is not enough time to get it through before the election) to be followed by a Ten Minute Rule Bill from Labour's Rachel Reeves.
This is on fees and charges to unauthorised overdrafts, which are often higher than those for the now capped payday loans - an issue she has pursued on the Treasury Select Committee. She wants the Financial Conduct Authority to introduce a cap on the charges to bring them into line with the cap on payday loans.
The day's main event is the committee of the whole House debate on the Finance (No. 2) Bill - which puts the measures announced in the Budget into effect - although the time pressure imposed by the election will probably mean controversial sections are stripped out. MPs will also debate Lords amendments to the Health Service Medical Supplies (Costs) Bill.
In Westminster Hall, there's a Backbench Business Committee debate on Post Office closures (9.30am- 11am), followed by a series of debates led by individual MPs: the Conservative former education secretary Nicky Morgan raises Police and local authority guidance on dogs attacking other dogs (11am- 1.30 am); the Conservative Derek Thomas has a debate on employment opportunities in food and farming (2.30pm- 4pm); the Conservative James Heappey discusses Wells' bid for UK City of Culture (4pm-4.30pm) and the Conservative David Mackintosh leads a debate on grandparents' rights to access to grandchildren (4.30pm -5.30pm).
In the Lords (2.30pm) peers bash their way through Commons amendments to the Technical and Further Education Bill, the Neighbourhood Planning Bill (there is now all-party consensus around an amendment to provide protection for pubs in the planning system), and the Bus Services Bill.
Then comes the main event: the report stage and third reading of the Criminal Finances Bill - watch out for the cross party amendment in the names of the Crossbencher Baroness Stern, Labour's Lord Rosser, the Lib Dem Baroness Kramer and the Conservative Lord Kirkhope, to require a register of the beneficial ownership of companies based in UK overseas territories like Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat and the Turks and Caicos Islands - which they argue will improve transparency and help clamp down on money laundering.
Finally, there is a short debate on support for the steel industry and its role in the government's industrial strategy led by Lord Mendelsohn.
The Commons opens (11.30am) with Welsh questions, followed at noon by Prime Minister's questions - which, unless face to face TV debates are held, will be the only direct confrontation between Theresa May and her rivals before polling day.
Then comes a Ten Minute Rule Bill from the SNP's Alan Brown, who wants to end the use of cash retentions in the construction industry. This is where a proportion of a sub contract is held over by the main contractor to sort any defects on the job - but sub-contractors routinely fail to get their money back in a timely manner or sometimes not at all, sometimes because of the insolvency of main contractor. Mr Brown is proposing a scheme similar to the tenancy deposit scheme which will provide independent protection.
After that it's back to the washup, and consideration of Lords amendments to the Digital Economy Bill (issues in play include more superfast broadband, a proposed independent commission to set the BBC Licence Fee, a requirement that public service broadcasters are prominent on the channel displays of digital TV systems, and much much more), followed by Lords amendments to the Criminal Finances Bill (see above).
The adjournment led by Labour's Chris Evans is on the effect of diesel fumes in Islwyn - his constituency.
In Westminster Hall there are debates on school funding in the North East of England, led by Labour's Sharon Hodgson (9.30am -11am); the Colne to Skipton railway led by the Conservative Andrew Stephenson (11am - 11.30am) and learning outside the classroom, led by Labour's Barry Sheerman (4pm- 4.30pm).
In the Lords (3pm) questions include the Green peer Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb on refining the definition of domestic extremism to enable the police to focus on those involved in terrorism and serious crime - she used the Data Protection Act to access her police file, and found she was considered a potential extremist, and had been under surveillance by the police's "domestic extremism" unit from 2001 until 2012, including during her candidacy to become London's mayor.
She is still pressing for answers about the surveillance and the alleged destruction of documents on her case.
Then peers zoom through the remaining private members' bills sent over by the Commons - starting with the committee stage of the Local Audit (Public Access to Documents) Bill, followed by the Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Bill and the Guardianship (Missing Persons) Bill - and the Farriers (Registration) Bill. All will have their third reading debates the next day.
In the Commons, MPs open (9.30am) with Exiting the European Union questions, followed by any remaining loose legislative ends sent over by their lordships. There may or may not be any.
And the final debate of the 2015 Parliament will be the SNP MP Chris Stephens' adjournment on the cost of telephone calls to the Department for Work and Pensions.
In the Lords (from 11am) questions to ministers include the Conservative, Baroness Couttie, the Leader of Westminster City Council, calling for legislation to regulate pedicab drivers. Then peers will move on to those third reading debates - on the Local Audit (Public Access to Documents) Bill, the Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Bill, the Guardianship (Missing Persons) Bill and the Farriers (Registration) Bill.
And their final task will be to approve some statutory instruments on Driving Disqualifications and Student Fees, Awards and Support- although that last one comes with a regret motion attached, from Labour's Lord Clark of Windermere. So it is possible that the final act of the House of Lords in this Parliament might be to defeat the government.
And when all is done, the mildly pythonesque ceremony of prorogation will follow, with much doffing of cocked hats and flowery cod-medieval language.
Some MPs, mostly those who're not seeking re-election, usually come to the bar of the House to watch the spectacle.
And that will be it until Parliament reconvenes after the election, On 3 May (following dissolution at 00:01 BST that morning) a meeting of the Privy Council will issue a proclamation to declare the meeting of the new Parliament with 14 June the likely date.
The only business at the meeting will be to elect a Speaker. The next day the anointed Speaker will receive the Royal Approbation, and this will allow MPs and peers start to swear the Oath of Allegiance. This continues until Friday. New MPs then have the chance to go on various induction courses and are allocated offices.
My bet is that 21 June will see the state opening, with the government's plans for the coming session announced.
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Four men arrested on suspicion of child rape following raids across Oxfordshire have been released on bail.
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Three men, aged 44, 48 and 52, from Banbury, and a 47-year-old from Chipping Norton were arrested on Tuesday.
Police said the raids were in connection with attacks on girls in the town between 2000 and 2007.
About 40 officers were involved in the arrests at five properties, Thames Valley Police said.
Related Internet Links
Home - Thames Valley Police
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Nicola Sturgeon says she has no plans, right now, to introduce a quarantine period for visitors coming into Scotland from other parts of the UK. But by saying she is also "not ruling anything out", the first minister has ignited another heated constitutional debate.
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Sarah SmithScotland editor@BBCsarahsmithon Twitter
Ms Sturgeon says we are not dealing with politics at the moment, but with a virus that doesn't respect borders or boundaries.
"Anyone who is trotting out political or constitutional arguments is in the wrong place," she says.
But the first minister was obviously well aware that even mentioning such an idea would cause a huge political controversy.
The Scottish Tory leader, Jackson Carlaw, has said the virus "should not be used as an issue to drive a wedge between Scotland and England".
The suggestion of a quarantine was not the idea of impatient pro-independence campaigners, but was first raised by one of the most eminent public health experts in the country, Professor Devi Sridhar, who is also an advisor to the first minister.
As experts now predict that Scotland could be on course to eliminate (not eradicate) the virus by the end of the summer, questions are being asked about whether Boris Johnson is aiming at a policy of elimination for England - or if the UK government is content to allow Covid-19 to continue to circulate at a higher level as long as it does not threaten to overwhelm the NHS.
Scotland has been pursuing a quite separate policy toward lockdown easing for weeks now, with a much much slower and more cautious opening up of the economy.
So the idea of a quarantine at the Scottish border doesn't seem completely outlandish to people who are now very accustomed to seeing very different rules operating across all four UK nations.
If we can see local lockdowns being imposed on a city like Leicester then why not have rules about crossing the border into Scotland?
It's clear the Scottish government has given the idea some serious thought as Ms Sturgeon drew comparison with the US, where some states have quarantine regulations, and the travel restrictions currently in place in different parts of Germany.
In practice, such a policy it would be bound to throw up all sorts of anomalies.
What about people who live and work on different sides of the border? Or families spread throughout the UK who want to get together for a summer break?
And it would draw howls of protest from the hard-hit Scottish tourist sector, which needs to welcome visitors from the rest of the UK this summer if many businesses are to survive.
Not to mention the extremely contentious question of how it would be enforced.
Police patrolling the border? That really would trigger a political earthquake, even if it was being done in the name of public health enforcement.
A Scottish quarantine would be complex and it would be seen as very divisive, at a time when all politicians say the coronavirus crisis is far more important than any constitutional debate.
But that doesn't mean it is ridiculous or impossible.
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Plans to build almost 900 houses near Coate Water in Swindon have been submitted to the borough council.
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The proposals for the land between the country park and the Great Western Hospital are a revision of previous plans to build 960 homes.
Developers had originally wanted to build 1,500 homes on 200 hectares of land, but scaled the project down following a public inquiry in 2009.
Save Coate Action Group has been set up to protect the land from development.
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Fire crews from across Cornwall and Plymouth have been called to a blaze in south east Cornwall.
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Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service said they were called to a "large two-storey building" in the Landulph area, near Saltash, at about 02:00 GMT.
Firefighters said the house was "well alight" when they arrived and 10 appliances were eventually brought to extinguish it.
They added they "attacked the fire from multiple locations" while tackling it.
Related Internet Links
Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service
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From arctic wastes to fiery volcanoes, ocean depths to distant planets, a new generation of rugged drones is going to places humans can't. But how do you make a super-tough drone?
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By Mark SmithTechnology of Business reporter
When it sets off on its arctic explorations, the Royal Research Ship (RSS) David Attenborough will be carrying within it a full complement of autonomous flying and submersible vehicles designed to lay bare the mysteries of the polar regions.
One underwater drone or AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) that may be aboard come launch day bears the name Boaty McBoatface, the quirky moniker chosen for its mother ship in an online poll which was subsequently overruled.
Boaty is designed to dive to 6,000m (19,700 ft) where the pressure is about 600 times greater than at sea level. Less rugged vehicles would be crushed completely at those depths.
It comes equipped with a payload of sensors, imaging equipment, sonar, hydrophones and communications kit to gather data on changing deep ocean temperatures and their potential impact on climate change.
One of the toughest challenges its National Oceanography Centre designers faced was being able to build a craft that could travel long distances under the ice without needing to recharge.
Recent advances in microprocessors, much of it driven by smartphone technology, has helped change that by reducing the amount of power these drones need to run.
"The vehicle is designed to draw a very small amount of power for its propulsion systems," explains Dr Maaten Furlong, head of marine autonomous and robotics systems at the National Oceanography Centre.
"As a result it travels at a relatively slow speed, which in turn enables it to cover huge distances and carry out extended missions compared to vehicles that have gone before."
Early last year, Boaty - or the Autosub Long Range (ALR) to give it its proper name - completed its first full under-ice expedition at the Filchner Ice Shelf in West Antarctica, where it spent a total of 51 hours under the Antarctic ice, travelling 108km (67 miles).
More Technology of Business
It reached depths of 944m, at one time travelling under a section of ice shelf 550m thick. GPS signals can't penetrate so far down, so navigation is tricky.
Instead, it has to use dead reckoning. By using a point of origin - such as the mother ship - it estimates the direction and distance travelled, calculating speed by bouncing sound off the seabed and measuring the echoes.
Its fibre-optic gyro-based sensor has an error rate of 0.1%, which means for every kilometre travelled it could drift one metre off course, the designers say.
But to explore even further and deeper, new navigation tech will be required. And this is under development.
Called Terrain Aided Navigation, this system essentially maps the sea floor, and these maps are loaded in to the vehicle's computer. Ultimately, the designers hope the robots will be able to "see" well enough to create their own maps in real time.
"A long-term ambition for the ALR family of vehicles is to deliver on the potential and the ambition to complete a full trans-Arctic mission under ice, an environment about which we know very little at this point.
"This will require the new Terrain Aided Navigation techniques being developed to be fully operational."
Arctic sub-sea conditions are pretty tough, but the surface of planet Mars is even tougher, bringing with it a whole new set of design challenges.
Two devices being developed by Nasa to survey the volcanic bowels of the red planet are currently being trialled on Earth, with their designers envisaging uses much closer to home.
Lemur - short for Limbed Excursion Mechanical Utility Robot - is a four-limbed machine that can scale rock walls, gripping with hundreds of tiny hooks in each of its 16 fingers. Engineers from Nasa's Jet Propulsion Labs took Lemur on a field test in California's Death Valley in January, where it used artificial intelligence to choose a route up a cliff.
Nasa's Dr Aaron Parness says Lemur's rock-climbing abilities could be used for search and rescue operations to help disaster relief teams.
Finding claws that wouldn't wear down on the rock was a challenge.
"We looked at titanium, steel, carbon fibre, carbide, tool steel," says Dr Parness. "We tried sewing needles to sail boat needles, syringes, lathe tools, even harvesting cactus spines."
The winning solution? Fishing hooks.
"Turns out that industry is really good at making things sharp, strong, and durable," he says.
Nasa's other tough robot is Volcanobot, a relatively low-cost device designed to be lowered in to fissures and survive extreme heat.
On a trial mission to the Kilauea volcano on Hawaii, it mapped the conduits of previous eruptions to get an understanding of how that style of volcano works underground.
But building machines that can navigate over harsh terrain as well as deal with extreme temperatures has proven tough.
Volcanic rock "is extremely sharp and hard," explains Dr Parness. "If you walk a mile of two across a lava flow, the soles of your shoes will be 100% trashed."
So Volcanotbot uses carbon-fibre infused material in its 3D-printed parts to make them stronger and more resistant to abrasion.
"It gets scratched up like crazy, but protects the electronics inside," he says.
While the team has created casings and materials that can withstand 300C, the weak link is the electronics inside, which "tend to fail around 60-80C".
"It didn't help to have a strong robot shell protecting dead robot guts!"
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Japan has developed a team of automated firefighting robots designed to cope with extreme heat.
Equipped with GPS and laser sensors to help them navigate to the scene of the fire, a water cannon robot takes up a position then the hose extension drone drives to the water source, laying out hose along the ground.
The water cannon can then unleash its payload, squirting up to 4,000 litres per minute.
The system was put through its first trial in March at Tokyo's National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster, with its designers envisaging their use in highly volatile environments such as petro-chemical blazes.
A spokesman for the design team said the aim is for the robots to fully-autonomous in time.
Robotics expert Prof Barry Lennox says that reduced construction costs, better materials and improved sensors are driving the development of tough drones around the world.
"Over the next five to 10 years I would expect to see even more complex environments being explored," he says.
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For more than a month, Rajeshwari, a 42-year-old temple elephant in India, lay desultorily on a patch of sand, her forelimb and femur broken and her body ravaged by sores.
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Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent
An animal lover went to the court, seeking to put her down. The court said the pachyderm could be "euthanised" after the vets examined her. On Saturday afternoon, she died anyway.
Rajeshwari had led a hard life since she was sold to the temple in the southern state of Tamil Nadu in 1990. She would stand on stone floors for long hours to bless devotees and perform rituals like pouring or bringing water to the deities.
In 2004, she fell from an open truck on the way to a "rejuvenation" camp for captive elephants and broke her leg. She lived in pain ever since with a misshapen limb. Recently, she broke her femur when authorities used an earthmover to flip her and treat her. After that, say activists who visited the temple to check on her condition, the largely disabled pachyderm just wasted to death.
Rajeshwari's tragic story mirrors the sorry state of many of 4,000 captive elephants in India, mostly in the states of Assam, Kerala, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. India, according to a World Animal Protection report, is widely considered the "birthplace of taming elephants for use by humans" - a practice which began thousands of years ago. (In comparison, India has 27,000 elephants in the wild.)
In southern India, pachyderms are rented out during religious festivals for noisy parades and processions, including weddings and shop and hotel openings. They travel long distances in open vehicles and walk on tarred roads in the scorching sun for hours. (They have often gone on the run at temple festivals and killed devotees.)
Elsewhere, chained and saddled elephants are used for rides, sometimes carting tourists up and down steep forts, or entertaining tourists who wish to touch, bathe and ride them. They are also hired by political parties for campaign processions, and by companies for promoting their goods in trade fairs. They are rented out for tourism in the national parks, used for anti-depredation squads, logging activities and lately even for begging on highways.
According to media reports, more than 70 captive elephants have died under "unnatural conditions and at a young age" in private custody in just three states - Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Rajasthan - between 2015 and 2017. Some 12 captive elephants have died this year in Kerala alone. "Most of these deaths are due to torture, abuse, overwork or faulty management practices," says Suparna Ganguly, president of the Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre.
'Gross ignorance'
It's not surprising to see why.
Lack of space and habitat to exercise and graze in natural surroundings means elephants lodged in captivity are shackled for long hours in concrete sheds with stone floors. This is enough to make the animal sick. They usually get foot rot, a condition where their feet develop abscesses and thinning pads, sometimes leading to severe infection. When outside, constant exposure to the glare of sun can affect their eyesight. Ms Ganguly blames this on "gross ignorance on part of the keepers and managers".
Then there's the poor diet. Elephants are slow eaters, and in the wild typically eat more than 100 kinds of roots, shoots, grasses, foliage and tubers. In captivity, their diets are severely restricted. In parts of northern India, for example, the animals have access only to glucose-rich dried sugarcane fodder. Vets say many of them suffer from intestinal infection, septicaemia and lung-related infections. The life expectancy of captive elephants in Kerala, according to a report, has dipped to below 40 years from 70-75 years a couple of decades ago.
There's not even enough places to shelter rescued and ailing elephants. There are five of them in India - including three private rescue centres - that house some 40 elephants, not enough considering the high population of captive animals.
Tamil Nadu holds month-long rejuvenation camps for temple elephants, where the animals can rest, get treated and interact with other elephants in a natural environment. Elephants are trucked into these camps from distant places and many elephants have had accidents resulting in deaths due to their inability to cope with road transport or because they fall down from trucks.
India's Supreme Court has outlawed the sale and exhibition of elephants at a well-known animal fair, and directed authorities to ban the use of elephants in religious functions to reduce their demand. More than 350 captive elephants in Kerala and Rajasthan are "illegal" - they don't have any ownership papers. Despite adequate laws - including a powerful animal protection law and guidelines to protect captive elephants - not enough is being done to protect them, say activists.
Lucrative trade
One reason is captive elephants are a lucrative trade. The owner of an elephant in Kerala, for example, can easily make up to 70,000 rupees ($1053; £754) for a single day's appearance at a religious festival during the busy season.
"For the first time in the history of India's captive elephant business, the murky underworld of elephant trade has been split wide open - decades of elephant trafficking, the ghastly nexus between poachers capturing young elephants and their collusion with private trade coupled with neglect, corruption and apathy on part of government departments have led to the unacceptable conditions today," says Ms Ganguly.
The top court is expected to pass further - and final orders - on protection of the mistreated elephants soon. There may be hope yet.
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Cases of mumps - a contagious viral infection that causes swelling of the glands - have been reported at a Welsh university.
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Public Health Wales (PHW) said it had received "a number" of reported cases at Cardiff Metropolitan University.
It comes after 241 suspected and 51 confirmed cases of mumps at two universities in Nottingham.
PHW and Cardiff Met advised students to be aware of symptoms and ensure their vaccinations are up to date.
A university spokeswoman said: "We have been alerted to a number of cases of mumps at the university and have provided information to all students and staff, highlighting symptoms to be aware of.
"We will continue to work closely with Public Health Wales to monitor the situation and to support those affected by the illness."
What are mumps?
Source: Public Health Wales
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A hospital ward has been closed in Aberdeenshire after an outbreak of Covid was detected.
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NHS Grampian said a "number" of cases had been associated with the Arduthie Ward at Kincardine Community Hospital in Stonehaven.
Patients have been transferred to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary.
NHS Grampian added that the renal dialysis unit at the stie was not affected by the closure of the ward.
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A man has been charged with attempted murder following an alleged hit-and-run in Swindon, police said.
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A 26-year-old man was hit by a car outside the Dolphin pub on Rodbourne Road at about 15:30 GMT on 6 March.
He was taken to Southmead Hospital in Bristol where he remains in a life-threatening condition.
Mohammed Shajeed Ali, 20, of Warneford Close, Toothill, has been remanded in custody and is due to appear at Swindon Magistrates' Court on Monday.
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Politicians and the press have been at odds over the details of a royal charter to underpin a new system of industry self-regulation in England and Wales in the wake of the Leveson inquiry.
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In March, the main political party leaders, David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband, agreed to set up a new watchdog by royal charter, with powers to impose million-pound fines on UK publishers and demand upfront apologies from them.
The newspapers said some of the recommendations were unworkable and gave politicians an "unacceptable degree of interference".
They submitted a rival royal charter proposal which has been rejected by the Privy Council - the body that formally advises the Queen.
A final version of the government's royal charter was published on 11 October and approved by the Privy Council on 30 October.
New press regulator: Proposals compared
Political involvement:
"Recognition" panel:
Appointments process:
Corrections and apologies:
Arbitration:
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As the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh holds a seven-phased election to choose a new government, the BBC's Geeta Pandey travels through the politically key state to see if the recent currency ban is an issue with the voters.
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In November last year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi stunned the country by announcing that 500 ($7.47; £5.96) and 1,000 rupee notes were as good as garbage.
Despite his insistence that the ban was meant to curb black money and put terrorists out of business, many analysts said it was motivated by politics rather than economics, and done with an eye on the Uttar Pradesh - or UP - elections.
Since the rise of the regional Samajwadi Party (SP) and Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in the late 1990s, India's national parties - the Congress and Mr Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) - have been often relegated to third and fourth positions in the state.
This time around, the Congress has joined the governing SP as a junior partner in an alliance, and the BJP is making an all out effort to win back the state.
In the past few days, I've travelled through several districts in the state to ask people if the currency ban - called demonetisation by Indian authorities and economists, and simply "notebandi" (Hindi for stopping of notes) here - is an election issue.
Why Uttar Pradesh (UP) matters
The Indian election no-one can afford to lose
The "notebandi" has without doubt touched every life, in the big cities, smaller towns, and tiny villages, and everyone talks about the problems they've faced.
But will it impact the way people vote?
In the main market in Barabanki town, not far from the state capital, Lucknow, the trading community is seething at the "BJP's betrayal".
Traders have traditionally supported the BJP, and in the past they have also contributed generously to party funds. But this time, they tell me they will not vote for the party.
"Notebandi is the biggest issue here," says Santosh Kumar Gupta, who along with his brothers runs the family hardware store.
"The public has been really hassled. The government set limits on withdrawals and even those little amounts were unavailable because banks had no money."
Mr Gupta points out that in his address to the nation, the prime minister said the government had been planning for it for six months and that people would face minor problems.
"But there were lots of problems. Isn't he ashamed of lying?" he asks angrily.
"Police used sticks to beat up people waiting in queues to withdraw their own hard-earned money. All small manufacturing units in Barabanki shut down for weeks. Thousands became unemployed.
"There's a labour market a few metres from our shop and every morning, nearly 500 daily wage labourers from the nearby villages would gather to look for work, but for the first time, we saw there were no takers for them."
His brother Manoj Kumar Jaiswal adds: "Traders are very angry with Mr Modi. He first said it was done to curb black money. Then he said it was done to promote digital economy.
"You can use credit cards and (popular mobile wallet) Paytm in cities like Delhi and Mumbai, not in Barabanki. People here are illiterate, many people don't have bank accounts or credit cards."
The Gupta family has 10 voters and not one will opt for the BJP.
In Gosaiganj, on the outskirts of Lucknow, I stop to talk to people gathered at a tea stall.
Raja Ram Rawat, a 60-year-old widower, lives with his two sons and four grandchildren. The small plot of land he owns is not sufficient to support the family and his sons work as daily wagers to supplement the family income.
"Since 8 November, they've not been able to find work even for one day," he says. I ask him how they are managing. "Earlier if we bought two kilograms of vegetables, now we buy only one. That's how we are managing."
A farmer in the group, Kallu Prasad, compares the ban to "poison" for his community - it came just as the rice crop had been harvested and the sowing season had begun for wheat, mustard and potatoes.
"Normally we sell a kilo of rice for 14 rupees, but this time we had to sell it for eight or nine rupees. We couldn't buy seeds and pesticides in time. Farmers who grew vegetables were the worst affected. Since people had no money to buy vegetables, they had to just throw them away."
'Bolt of lightning'
In the holy city of Varanasi, walking through the narrow lanes of Lallapura area, where homes sit cheek by jowl, one cannot escape the noise of looms.
Here, every home is a tiny factory where weavers work in semi-darkened rooms, using coloured silk threads to create beautiful patterns.
Varanasi is famous for its hand woven silk and cotton saris and nearly a million people make their living from this cottage industry here.
"It was like we were hit by a bolt of lightning," says factory owner Sardar Mohd Hasim, describing the moment of Mr Modi's announcement.
Mr Hasim, who represents 30,000 weavers, says initially "about 90% of the industry" was affected since all their transactions happen in cash.
"We had no cash to buy raw materials, we had no cash to pay wages to the workers. Nearly three months later, all my 24 looms are still shut. Most of my weavers are doing other jobs to earn a living."
Varanasi has eight constituencies, and Mr Hasim insists that BJP will not win even one. "Why would anyone now vote for Modi?" he asks.
One of his former workers, 40-year-old Mangru Prajapati, who is now back to work in Mr Hasim's brother's loom, agrees. He's the sole breadwinner for his family of eight - his wife, four children and elderly parents.
"Earlier I would work six days a week. Now I consider myself lucky if I can find work even two or three days in a week. Survival has become very difficult."
Rajan Behal, trader and leader of the organisation that represents traders, weavers and sellers, calls it a "major disaster".
The ban, he says, couldn't have come at a worse time - November to February is the wedding season when sales peak, but this year it's been a wipe-out.
The industry's annual turnover is estimated to be about 70bn rupees ($1bn; £835m) and the loss is estimated to be around 10bn rupees.
A long-time BJP supporter, Mr Behal refuses to say who he will vote for but predicts that Mr Modi "will not win enough seats to be able to form a government in the state".
The people have faith
It's an assessment challenged by senior BJP leader in the state Vijay Pathak, who pegs the party's chances of winning at "101%".
He says that there were difficulties in the implementation of the currency ban, but insists that they have been able to convince the voters that it was done in the nation's interest.
"We started our campaign with the aim to win more than 265 of the 403 seats. Now we believe we will cross 300."
That, he says, is because people have faith in "the man who's taking the decisions" - the prime minister.
On this count, he's right - Mr Modi's personal stock remains high, especially with the youth.
In Kukha Rampur village in Tiloi constituency in Amethi district, 21-year-old Tanu Maurya says she will vote for Mr Modi because he is "doing good work" and that the note ban was "a good decision even if it caused some hardships in the short term".
Someone else voting for Mr Modi is Pramila Chaurasia, 19, the newest bride in the neighbouring Bhulaiya Purva village - as will most of her family and fellow villagers.
Since his sweep of the 2014 general election, Mr Modi has not had much luck in state elections and he's desperate to reverse that losing trend.
A victory in the politically key state of Uttar Pradesh would be a huge shot in the arm for Mr Modi and his party. But will the rupee ban help him or hurt his chances?
When the votes are counted on 11 March, we will know whether it was a masterstroke or a miscalculation.
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Doctors and nurses in intensive care departments have shared their experiences throughout the pandemic, but what of the army of staff who have worked behind the scenes to keep hospitals running? The BBC spoke to three people about the highs and lows of the past year.
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By Laura Devlin & Nikki FoxBBC News, East of England
'I was perceived as a threat'
The Reverend Linda Peall has had, as she puts it, a "rollercoaster" year.
She began her new role as head of the chaplaincy service for Ipswich Hospital and Colchester Hospital in February 2020, just before the UK's first coronavirus lockdown in March.
When people needed her support more than ever, it was no longer safe to walk from ward to ward to chat freely with patients, visitors and staff.
"We're here for everybody - people of faith, people who don't have a religious belief - to support people on their journey, listening to them, being with them," she says.
"We've had to completely change how we work."
She and her team have relied on referrals for patients from relatives, faith leaders and staff, but with the latter often being too "overwhelmed" to do so.
In supporting staff, Ms Peall says: "We've had to help them reconnect with those values [that brought them into health care], realise they are doing the best in difficult circumstances, and that's enough."
With visiting off-limits, much of her role has been to reassure families and loved ones.
But even that came at a price.
A "very distressed" patient wished to speak to her husband, so the priest made the phone call and began by explaining who she was.
"His immediate response was 'Who are you? Why are you in my wife's room when I can't be there with her? Have you got Covid and are you going to give it to her?'," says Ms Peall.
"I will never forget that, as long as l live.
"I've never experienced a time as a chaplain where I was perceived as a threat and somebody who might do harm to someone."
From that "difficult encounter", she reflects more positively on the teamwork that culminated in her holding an iPad so a patient could watch a live stream of his wife's funeral.
"He commented to me about his wife, how much he loved her and how amazing she was," she says.
"That privilege of being with somebody in that most personal and important moment - that, for me, has been the highlight of the pandemic."
'There was a lot of anxiety, a lot of frustration, a lot of sleepless nights'
The logistics of a hospital's response to a pandemic falls on the shoulders of people like Shume Begum.
She is part of a team that relocates equipment, beds and staff to where they are needed.
"It's been really challenging," says Ms Begum, who was only three months into her role as an associate director of operations when the pandemic hit.
"We had to adapt to new ways of working - communication was key, and things were changing really rapidly," she says.
Among the changes were expanding critical care units to ensure they could go well beyond their normal capacity.
"We had to ensure we had the infrastructure, the equipment, that the environment was set up, bring the clinical operations together," she says.
"Luckily in the first surge that didn't happen, but during the second surge, we went over 200% of normal capacity.
"We had to bring staff in who hadn't worked in critical care, so there was the training element of that and ensuring other areas where we'd redeployed staff were safe."
'Covid is here to stay'
She described a "culture change" among the workforce of adapting to new rotas so the hospital could take more patients.
"There was a lot of anxiety of how we were going to do this, lots of sleepless nights," she says.
"We had tears of frustration of wanting to get everything moving really quickly.
"[But] having the teams around you has made me get through - and feel privileged to be part of it."
She says the hospital and staff are entering a period of reflection.
"Covid is here to stay," she says.
"We are all going to be looking at what the new normal is and how we cope.
"Seeing teams so easily conforming to what they had to do, knowing they were dealing with the sickest patients, and being part of a team ensuring they had the equipment to do that, was a high point for me.
"The care those patients got was outstanding. I feel our teams have gone way over and above."
'I don't think we've seen anything like it before in terms of volume of gifts for staff'
Mandy Jordan was well used to co-ordinating fundraising for Ipswich and Colchester hospitals before last year, less so in dealing with a delivery of 5,000 Easter eggs.
"Someone thought 'what do nurses really need? I know, chocolate'," laughs Ms Jordan when recalling a surprise delivery.
As director of charity and voluntary services, she had been promoting the need for a new breast cancer centre and revived children's department.
Then the pandemic hit and she was helping distribute treats, personal protective equipment (PPE) and donated hot meals among 10,000 staff.
"At first it was food that started to pour in and there were lots of reports of a lack of PPE and people decided they would make everything," she says.
"It was dealing with the logistics, and you're talking thousands of masks and thousands of visors coming in on a daily basis."
The charity team sifted through what was useful and compliant.
"It was overwhelming," she says.
"We didn't know what was coming in and we didn't know what we needed either. There was so little information.
"We had gone from organising fun events... to logistics for something enormous."
As food businesses closed during lockdown, many offered surplus stock or meals, with donations distributed as fairly possible.
"I don't think we've seen anything like it before in terms of volume of gifts for staff," says Ms Jordan.
Generosity is key. Whether its thousands of Easter eggs, a hot meal or people's time or money, the pandemic has seen it all.
Applications for voluntary work at the hospitals topped 500 and a wellbeing fund, boosted by NHS Charities Together, will mean almost £700,000 is put towards mental health and financial support for staff and towards creating two non-clinical break areas away from the wards.
"What we can learn is that our communities do pull together in a time of crisis," says Ms Jordan.
Photography by Martin Giles
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Now that the UK government has urged Britons to leave Tunisia in the wake of June's gun attack in Sousse, there is a question over whether the tourist industry can recover. The BBC's Rana Jawad has been to Sousse to meet those whose lives are deeply entwined with welcoming foreigners to the town.
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Sousse was the first city to introduce tourism to Tunisia, where it is now one of the biggest sectors.
but an eerie silence on the sea front has replaced the happy hum of a throng of tourists that would normally be heard at this time of year.
A few metres inland, there is a sadness echoing through the old city's abandoned alleyways dotted with idle vendors.
The halls of hotels are mostly occupied by shell-shocked staff members facing an uncertain future.
Here, three generations of Tunisians working in the tourism sector recount their stories:
The past
Mohamed Idriss, aged 92, was among the pioneers who started mass tourism after the country emerged from colonial rule.
He sits upright with a cane by his side in the gleaming lobby of Bourj al-Khalaf - one of 20 hotels he and his family own in Sousse.
He comes every night to sit in his office - it is perhaps an ageing man's way of staying connected to a legacy he started.
Mr Idriss built the first of what would become the Marhaba chain of hotels in 1964, a family business he still oversees.
The Imperial Merhaba - run by his daughter Zohra Idriss - was the scene of June's deadly attack.
He does not know about the gunman's deadly rampage as his family were not sure how to explain it to him.
Mr Idriss is a softly spoken man with a fading memory that belies the strength and confidence he displays.
"I am the first person who established tourism in Sousse, not one of the first," he says with a faint smile.
"There was nothing in Sousse before tourism was developed. And no-one had thought about building hotels… I saw the newspapers writing something about it and I said to myself: 'Why not try this?'"
In the 1960s, tourism was of little significance in Sousse, as Mr Idriss explains: "Some thought it was a good idea and some thought it was bad [but] today you'll find that every businessman has thought about tourism."
The city's wealthy families and other local entrepreneurs followed suit and went on to develop the tourism sector, and it remains an industry still dominated by people from Sousse.
The present
Fifty years on from the first tourist hotel, Sousse bears the hallmarks of any Mediterranean resort: Large hotels, discos, bars and fast-food joints with big neon signs.
Loutfi Soula runs the Soula Centres, four big shops catering almost exclusively to tourists. His most popular is on the edge of the old city and sells everything from traditional carpets to bikinis.
Along with his brother, Mr Soula started off by selling traditional Arab gowns, known as jalabiyas, from a tiny shop in the old city in 1981.
A decade later he opened the first Soula Centre "selling all kinds of things like olive oil, ceramics, copper, leather and souvenirs and business developed automatically", he recalls.
There was a dip in visitor numbers in the aftermath of the 2011 revolution which overthrew Tunisia's former dictator Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali, it started recovering last year but this latest attack in Sousse has struck at the core of the sector.
Mr Soula is now worried.
"We are not sure if we will have more tourists. This year there will be no business [and] I'm starting to think about closing one or two stores, because we can't pay all the costs, we have almost 350 members of staff."
He takes me on a tour of his sprawling gallery and shows me the roof where he is building a cafe. He says he is considering stopping work on it because of the lack of visitors.
"Terrorism is difficult… these are crazy people who are destroying the economy."
The future
What then for the tens of thousands of Sousse's young people who have set their eyes on the tourism sector?
Wael Toumi will this year get a diploma from Sousse's tourism institute.
He emphatically states that in Sousse, there are three career options: "Tourism, casual labourer or no job".
Like others, he is incensed by the gunman's attack. He was working at a nearby hotel when it happened, but he has not yet decided whether to look for an alternative career.
"I won't make a decision now, I will finish my studies and then I'll see," Mr Toumi says.
Some have already lost their jobs after a flood of hotel cancellations.
"I have to be optimistic because I just know we have to work through the hell to reach heaven. You have to be patient. "
"Tourism for Sousse means 40,000 jobs, so if tourists disappear, it means 40,000 will be jobless."
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Isaac, a 15-year-old boy, watched as a group of men grabbed a young girl. It was a bustling new year's eve in Kibera, Kenya's largest slum, and he knew she was in trouble.
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By Louise Donovan, Felista Wangari and Hannah O'Neill BBC News global education
He also knew he didn't have the strength to fight off those older, larger men. Having been taught to intervene if he sees predatory behaviour, Isaac called over another man to help confront the group.
"Everyone started arguing," explains Isaac. "The group said the girl was their 'catch' and they had to rape her."
After 20 minutes, they decided to let her go.
"The stories you hear are shocking," says Anthony Njangiru, a field co-ordinator for the Kenyan non-profit Ujamaa, which trains boys like Isaac to help stop violence against women and girls in the slums of the capital, Nairobi.
"Not everyone is so lucky," he says.
Changing attitudes
Mr Njangiru teaches a programme called Your Moment of Truth to boys, aged 14 to 18, in secondary school.
He is one of many instructors, and the classes cover everything from sex education, to challenging rape myths, consent, and how to intervene if the boys witness an assault taking place.
For younger boys, aged 10 to 13, a programme called Sources of Strength focuses primarily on body changes.
The course takes place over weekly two-hour lessons, for six weeks, and each class is divided into two, with girls taught their own set of skills.
Since the organisation first began, Ujamaa has taught 250,000 children in over 300 schools across Nairobi.
When it comes to the boys, it's ultimately about changing their perceptions and attitudes towards girls.
"If we, as boys and men, are part of the problem, then we can be part of the solution," says Mr Njangiru. "We can be the first people to change."
Confident 'no'
The programme has been working to stop boys thinking that if a girl said "no" to sex what she actually meant was "yes". Or that it was justifiable to rape a girl if she wore a short skirt.
"They tend to use the girl's weakness to their own advantage," says Mr Njangiru. "If she says no, but she doesn't confidently say no, for them it's a 'go zone' - they just do whatever they want."
The results are impressive, according to research from Stanford University in the US.
Following the Your Moment of Truth classes, the percentage of boys who intervened when they witnessed a physical and sexual assault rose from 26% to 74%.
Boys were also found to be less likely to endorse myths about sexual assault and the incidence of rape by boyfriends and friends had fallen.
Among female participants in the project, there was a remarkable 51% decrease in the reported incidence of rape.
Violence against women
Sexual harassment has become a worldwide issue and these programmes in Kenya, teaching young people how to recognise and prevent sexual violence, seem to be working.
Violence against women is a huge problem in Kenya.
This worsens once you enter Nairobi's slums, where research has suggested that almost a quarter of girls will have been victims of sexual assault in the previous year.
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The Ujamaa course was designed under the No Means No Worldwide programme, an initiative to reduce sexual violence in Kenya's capital.
In 2010, they started teaching Nairobi schoolgirls how say "no", how to identify risk and talk their way out of trouble.
If that "no" is ignored, they also learn physical skills - how to target weak spots such as eyes, groin and knees - to fight off attackers.
Standing up
But research suggested that much of the problem was from boyfriends and friends.
So Ujamaa extended its programme to include boys, because as Mr Njangiru says, the ingrained attitudes of boys contribute to sexual violence.
"In African society, men have been brought up with the belief that women have nothing to say, that men are the priority," he explains. "So we try first to change that mentality."
The organisation encourages boys to feel "courageous" enough to stop any assault from happening. To do this, they teach approaches that range from walking away from a classmate who is bad-mouthing a girl to shouting at a potential perpetrator.
"We want the boys to be confident enough to stand up for what they believe in," explains Mr Njangiru.
"But we always remind them of their safety. They shouldn't be getting hurt if they're intervening in a situation. If their life is at risk, they should alert their companions or involve the authorities."
Throwing stones
Many boys talk about using the training in real-life scenarios.
An 11-year-old schoolboy said he saw a man appearing to be about to sexually assault a baby.
To help, he shouted, threw stones in his direction, and tried to grab the attention of others milling nearby.
When the man realised he was being watched, he zipped himself back up and ran off.
Isaac explains that the Your Moment of Truth training had helped the boy to intervene. "And it's given me the courage to decide to tell you this today."
While the focus is on stopping violence against girls, it also raises the question of sexual violence against boys.
"When we started, the boys were silent, they never used to speak about their problems," explains Jacqueline Mwaniki, another Ujamaa field co-ordinator.
"But after the training, we find that they approach the male instructors and say: 'Hey, I have a problem, can you help?' They're much more able to speak up."
'Do the right thing'
The Kenyan programme has been so successful it is being rolled out in Malawi and there are plans for a launch in Uganda.
At the end of each class, the teachers do a "shout out" to ensure everyone leaves on a high.
In St Joel's secondary school, in north-eastern Nairobi, 30 girls fill the dusty classroom with their powerful voices: "Get back, I'm not intimidated!"
Repeating the teacher's mantra in unison, they chant: "I said no, don't touch me!"
Just across the courtyard, the boys are doing the same. Dressed in white shirts and teal-coloured shorts, they shout and punch the air.
This time, however, it's a slightly different message. "Life will test me," they yell. "I have to be ready to do the right thing."
This story is part of a European Journalism Centre project about men engaging in campaigns for women's rights.
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Many businesses are getting ready to welcome back customers after four weeks of closure. When England's new tier system comes into force on Wednesday, shops, gyms and personal care services, like hairdressers, can reopen, if they are Covid-secure.
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But pubs and bars in tier three will be unable to open and only if they serve a "substantial meal" under tier two.
Sarah Wright, Josh Rogers and Lauren Dalglish had arranged the opening of their new store, Under One Roof, in Oswestry, Shropshire for 4 November.
Then England's second lockdown was announced from 5 November.
They opened for one day, closed the next and spent lockdown photographing products so they could offer an online click and collect service.
But, Sarah Wright said, this had only offered steady sales during the closure.
"Lots of people messaged to say weren't going to do click and collect, they were waiting for the shop to reopen and we will be inviting people in from 09:30," she said.
"Everyone's work is so individual it is really hard to get across on the internet."
Tuesday was spent rearranging the shop layout and adding items to shelves ready for people to come in and Ms Wright said they were feeling "really optimistic".
They are thinking of opening for seven days a week in the run-up to Christmas.
Gift shop Wyle Blue World, in Shrewsbury, normally thrives in November but this year, Belinda Griffiths is worried shoppers have gone online.
But, she said, she has been boosted by promises from her customers that they will continue to support small, independent businesses.
"I am anxious, having been closed for a month, November is the busiest month of the entire year," she said.
"We are all a bit apprehensive that while customers have been in lockdown for the last month, have they been buying on Amazon? Have they spent their money?
"I am excited but anxious, I am just hoping that people will come out and support us…so mixed feelings…really hoping we are going to be busy."
But she said the lockdown has brought the independent businesses together as a community, and all are "excited" about reopening.
For Hillers Gifts and Interiors November has been "dire". Sally Haines is hoping a review of tiers will allow their restaurant to reopen.
The gift shop is one of several businesses run by the family in Alcester, Warwickshire, and while the farm shop has remained open during lockdown, their restaurant will stay shut as the county is in tier three.
"We have bookings for Wednesday with some people booking so they can have the store to themselves," she said.
"But we are really holding out for the 16th, for the welfare of our staff, the community, to really get some buzz back in there," she said.
The gift store generates about 15% of their annual turnover and the firm has bought in clothes, games, trivia, fragrances and other items ahead of the reopening.
The shops employ 95 people, with seven currently on furlough, as staff have been used in other roles during the lockdown.
Hagley, in Worcestershire, is in tier two. But traders are concerned about the closeness of its border to Dudley and Staffordshire, both in tier three and where a lot of custom comes from.
Hagley Cafe owner Amanda Mortimer fears takings will not be as high as people in tier three have been advised not to travel.
She says "half" of her customer base comes from across the borders.
"I am just hoping that I don't have to police it because that puts me in a very difficult situation," she said.
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The Asian Human Rights Commission, also known as Ahrc, has said it's gravely concerned that Sri Lanka's Auditor General, Sarath Mayadunne is being criticised by senior government officials, after he named them in a report exposing government corruption.
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In a letter to Sri Lanka's president, Mahinda Rajapakse, Ahrc urges him to prevent any attempts to undermine the official, whose duty - it says - is to make a critical evaluation of the public institutions without fear of interference.
The Ahrc letter came after the Finance Secretary, who himself had been named in the auditor's report, criticised the official in press interviews saying his reports had a negative impact on the public sector.
Ahrc have called on Sri Lanka's President to take appropriate measures to ensure the office of the auditor general maintains it's constitutional independence.
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Amsterdam's oldest prostitutes have been thrust into the spotlight with the release of their memoirs and a documentary film about their lives. The film, Meet the Fokkens, follows 70-year-old identical twins Louise and Martine Fokken as they share secrets of selling sex in the city's famous red light district.
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By Anna HolliganBBC News, Ijmuiden
Louise and Martine shuffle round their cluttered two-bedroom apartment in Ijmuiden, just west of Amsterdam.
One in slippers, the other in sandals, they fetch foaming mugs of coffee and their favourite cream cakes.
There is an absent-minded synchronicity to their movements.
Martine hums as Louise breaks into an old lament about families forced to flee during World War II. Their mum was part Jewish, something they managed to hide from occupying Nazi forces while remaining in the Netherlands. Louise's song dwells on the joy of living and the sadness of leaving.
"We were very little during the war. When the sirens started our mum would take us down into the basement. We didn't have any helmets so we used frying pans to cover our heads. We all looked so funny. And we had fun there."
I ask, when she looks back at her life in Amsterdam, was there more laughter or tears?
"Oh laughter, definitely laughter. You have to laugh even if you are sad because it is your life and you can't change it, but it is always better if you are smiling."
The sisters nod in unison.
But their expertly applied scarlet smiles do not detract from the shimmer of sadness in their eyes.
"Of course when we were 14 or 15 we never thought we would be working as hookers one day. We were creative and we had dreams," Martine says.
Louise adds: "I always say that my husband beat me into it. He was violent and said he would leave me if I didn't sell sex to make us more money.
"He was the love of my life…" she says.
Louise's children were taken into foster care. She holds one of the photographs, showing their small smiling faces, that sits on the shelves of an antique bookshelf.
Speaking from experience
Martine still sells sex. She says the Dutch state pension alone is not enough to live on. Louise quit because of arthritis.
Martine says she would like to retire but cannot afford to. The documentary shows her at work - perched on a stool in stockings, suspenders and patent leather stilettos.
Young men who pass by, some of them on stag parties from abroad, mock her for being old. She laughs it off (like she does with everything) and says she does not care.
She says times have changed: "The boys are different now, they drink too much, they're fat and they don't respect you. They should be on their bikes like Dutch boys, not just drinking all the time."
Despite younger competition next door, there is still a market for Martine's services.
She appears to specialise in bondage for older men. Targeting them with things they like to dress up in. Tempting them into her brothel with an array of dangerous looking whips and high-heeled shoes. It seems she has found a niche in the fetish market.
"We know the tricks, we know what they want. We know how to talk to them and we know how to make them laugh too."
"Honeybee come to me," they chorus in English with a strong Dutch accent.
Martine says they are lucky to be alive: "Once there was a man and there was something I didn't like about him. So I made him take off all his clothes. Then I sat on the bed and I felt under the pillow he'd hidden a huge knife."
"There are always ups and downs," Louise adds. "Ups and downs, ups and downs..." the twins sing-song, before falling into each other in fits of laughter.
They have a century's worth of experience between them. And now their story is going global.
The twins' memoirs topped the Dutch bestsellers list, and now an English translation is being printed and is due to be released later this year.
The twins say that Meet the Fokkens has helped to change attitudes; some of the abuse has been replaced by respect.
And as Martine tucks into the remains of Louise's cream cake, sharing a forkful with one of their three Chihuahuas, balancing on her shoulder, she swears they would not have done it any other way.
"This is what we know. If we didn't do hooking then what would we do? This is our life.
"And," she glances again at her sister, "we are still having fun".
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Douglas McAuthur McCain went to Syria, one of the many Americans who have taken part in the civil war, and died while fighting alongside Islamist militants. How did he and other Americans make their way to the battleground?
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By Tara McKelveyBBC News, Washington
About 100 US citizens have gone to Syria to battle the government of President Bashar al-Assad, according to Matthew Olsen, director of the US National Counterterrorism Center.
That's a far lower number than in some European countries, like France and the UK.
Some of these Americans have ended up dead. Besides McCain - who grew up in Minnesota - Nicole Lynn Mansfield, and Moner Mohammad Abu-Salha were also killed in Syria.
Mansfield, 33, was a convert to Islam from Flint, Michigan. She died last year - apparently during an attack on Syrian government forces. Abu-Salha, a 22-year-old from West Palm Beach, Florida, joined the rebel group Nusra Front and became a suicide bomber on 25 May.
Each of these cases is unique, and the Americans who go to Syria come from different parts of the US. In addition they choose a life of violent extremism for a variety of reasons, many of which are known only to themselves.
Yet on a basic level they tend to follow a similar path. Here's a look at the some of the steps they take on their way to extremism.
Aspiring jihadists are like most people in the US. When they are trying out something new, they look to the internet for help. There is a wealth of material for them.
A radical cleric, Anwar al-Awlaki, who was killed in a drone strike in Yemen in 2011, spoke fluent English - and edited a magazine called Inspire. Boston Marathon bombing suspects Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev reportedly looked at the magazine and later made their own explosive devices.
More recently Islamic State supporters published an English-language magazine called Dabiq. (People also refer to the group as the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, as well as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant or Isil.)
The flashy graphics are designed to appeal to a broad audience. One issue featured pictures of black flags and militants manning checkpoints.
Sometimes these individuals, whether they live in the US, UK or other countries, also shop online.
Two men, Yusuf Zubair Sarwar and Mohammed Nahin Ahmed, who are from Birmingham, UK, bought the book Islam for Dummies - then went to Syria, according to the New Statesman. They later pleaded guilty to terrorism charges.
Most people who make the journey to Syria seek help, often from people they meet online. Many of the relationships start on Twitter.
"The ISIS recruiter will start to groom the person," says Humera Khan, executive director of Muflehun, an organisation that tries to counter violent extremism.
"Once that person seems interested, the conversation moves off Twitter," she says. "They use email and Skype."
They may also look for guidance from those who've gone before them - and made videos. Abu-Salha made a video before his suicide.
Aspiring jihadists aren't the only ones online, though. People who work for the US state department tweet messages that cast Islamic State militants in a bad light, hoping to convince people not to sign up with them.
"Fighter's father calls #ISIS barbarians - son starred in recruitment video, was killed in #Syria," one of the officials wrote.
UK officials have also been fighting online extremism. Writing in the Sunday Telegraph, Prime Minister David Cameron said they have removed "28,000 pieces of terrorist-related material from the web, including 46 Isil-related videos".
Istanbul is a popular destination for aspiring jihadists, whether they live in the US or Europe. "It's pretty easy for people to travel to Turkey - to say, 'We're going on a vacation'," says Ronald Sandee, a former analyst with the Dutch military intelligence service.
One American, Eric Harroun, chose that route, travelling first to Turkey and then Syria. He was indicted by a federal grand jury on charges related to his involvement with one of the militant groups in Syria. Earlier this year he died of an accidental drug overdose, according to his family.
Foreign fighters in Syria - by the numbers:
Source: Foreign Fighters in Syria by Richard Barrett, Soufan Group
Harroun is not the only one who chose Turkey as a transit point.
A Texas man, Michael Wolfe, 23, planned to fly Iceland Air to Copenhagen and then go to Turkey. Afterwards he wanted to go to Syria to commit "violent jihad", according to court papers.
He unknowingly relied on an undercover FBI agent for travel advice, though. He was arrested on 17 June at Houston airport. He later pleaded guilty to attempting to provide material support to terrorists.
If the Americans make it to Turkey, though, the journey becomes easier.
"'They'll say, 'OK, I'm here,' and someone will come and find them," says Khan. Others will take a bus to a place near the Syrian border. "Then they make their way in," she says.
The journey from the US to Syria - and the decision to join an extremist group known for beheading people - may seem chilling to some. These Americans see things differently. Sandee says: "They think that Syria is heaven."
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A UK ticket-holder won the full £170m Euromillions jackpot on Tuesday, making them Britain's richest ever lottery winner. As the country holds its breath for the winner to come forward and claim their eye-watering sum, a lottery winner adviser and millionaires from previous lottery wins share their experiences about how to make the most of such a windfall.
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By Alice EvansBBC News
How do I get over the initial shock?
If Andy Carter has good reason to speak to you, then life must be good. His role as "senior winner's adviser" at lottery operator Camelot means that he spends his days talking to those people who have won eye-boggling amounts.
He says he often encourages big winners to get away for a few days to "let it all sink in".
"It's a huge shock," he adds.
"If your thing is sitting on a beach, go and sit on a beach," he says. "If it's climbing mountains, go and do that."
When Dean Allen and Louise Collier from Essex won £13.8m in 2000, they went to Hawaii straight after winning - and came home with more money in the bank than when they had left because of the interest they were earning.
You definitely shouldn't start splashing the cash without thinking about it though.
Michael Carroll, a bin man from Norfolk, managed to spend all of his £9.7m fortune within eight years of winning it at the age of 19 in 2002.
Should I stop working?
Mr Carter says winning the lottery "enables you to follow your dream". "If you've always wanted to run a cake shop, or be a florist, or train in something... you can," he says.
But he says most lottery winners don't choose to ditch the day job straight away, because they know it will take time to adjust to not working - in much the same way as retirement.
"We get lots of winners who invest in business, or do charity work and volunteering. People need something to do, a structure, a reason to get up in the morning," he adds.
When Susan Herdman won £1.2m in 2010, the single mum kept working in her hair salon and hardly spent a penny of her winnings to begin with.
However, Ms Herdman says the £170m winner is in a completely different league to her small fortune. "You hear people say it's too much money. It is if you're going to be greedy with it, but how much fun could you have giving it away?" she says.
"When you first win the lottery, it is quite scary in a way," she says. "I thought 'I don't really want things to change, because my life is pretty good'."
However, after about a year, Ms Herdman says she realised she had been holding back. She sold the salon within a week and moved to Yorkshire to be with her partner Andrew Hornshaw, a farmer.
Without the restraint of working hours, Ms Herdman spends a lot of her time fundraising for charity - and raised more than £50,000 for Cancer Research last year.
Should I tell my friends?
Mr Carter says sharing news of the win "isn't right for everyone" but that hiding it from close friends can be stressful.
"If it was your friend that won, you'd like them to tell you. And you've got to remember, it's a good thing, it's a nice thing," he says.
However, telling friends can be difficult too.
Jane Restorick was 17 when she became Britain's youngest Euromillions millionaire.
Ms Restorick, previously known as Jane Park, says there was an expectation that she should help friends or family if they were having money problems, which she found "stressful".
Mr Carter says Camelot can help to connect winners with financial advisers, so that they can be savvy about how generous they can be with gifts.
"We would encourage people to give people a little bit [of money] and see what they do with it," he says.
"There's no need to give them a huge amount straight away - you can always give them more down the line. And also, talk to recipients of gifts about what would help them. Some people just don't need it, others might want it staggered."
How do I decide who to donate money to?
As Mr Carter points out, millionaires have "a lot of power" because they can choose how to influence and improve society through donations to charity.
He says making that decision is all about choosing something "close to your heart".
Colin and Chris Weir, who scooped £161m in 2011, chose to donate £1m to the independence campaign ahead of the 2014 referendum in Scotland, and continued donating to the SNP afterwards.
The couple also set up The Weir Charitable Trust in 2013 which has employed people across the UK and "raised millions" for charitable causes, Mr Carter says.
Ms Herdman says she donates money regularly to the NSPCC, Dogs Trust and to a guide dogs charity, while Mr Allen says he gave money to a London hospital after his father had a heart operation there.
... and what should I do with the rest of it?
Dean Allen says he and his wife did so well out of their £13.8m win because they sat down and carefully agreed what they wanted to spend the money on.
"We thought about what we wanted to do for family and friends, because we had to make sure this lasted us the rest of our lives," he says.
The couple has balanced their winnings well enough that they have been able to travel the world while providing for their loved ones.
Mr Carter's main piece of advice is to "take your time" in deciding how to spend your money.
"The £170m is about not just you as a winner," he adds, "but your family for generations to come. It's about friends, it's about charity - the scale of it is so vast."
The vast network of more than 5,000 lottery winners can also be a great source of advice, Mr Carter says.
"The very best thing you can do is to have a cup of tea with another lottery winner."
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The next big step in lockdown easing will take place from Monday, 17 May. Most councils move from level three to level two where indoor socialising without the two metre rule is allowed. Find out which council is in which level.
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No local authority has yet been assigned this level. In this tier, hospitality would operate "almost normally" - subject to rules on physical distancing, limits on numbers and other rules, such as table service.
A handful of Scottish communities move to this level which allows six people from three households to meet inside and stay overnight. There is no need to physically distance from family and friends in a private home. Travel around Scotland is permitted but you cannot enter somewhere with level three restrictions. You can also travel to other parts of the UK as long as you follow their rules. Shops and leisure attractions are open, including soft play and funfairs, but nightclubs and adult entertainment remain closed.
Most areas will move to this level which allows six people from three households to meet inside and stay overnight. There is no need to physically distance from family and friends in a private home. Travel around Scotland is permitted but you cannot enter somewhere with level three restrictions. You can also go to other parts of the UK as long as you follow their rules. Shops and leisure attractions are open, but soft play, funfairs and nightclubs remain closed.
Two council areas will be in level three for at least another week. Under these rules, six people from two households can gather at an indoor public place such as a cafe or restaurant. Groups of up to six from six households can meet outdoors, but there is no indoor visits to private homes. Going inside someone's living accommodation is only permitted for essential purposes or if you are in an extended household. Shops and many leisure facilities can open, but cinemas, theatres, nightclubs, concert halls and stadiums cannot. People should only travel in or out of the areas for permitted purposes.
No Scottish local authority is in this level. The rules say that four people from two households can meet outdoors in a private garden or a public place, but they would not be able to travel outside their area, unless for an essential reasons. Indoor activity can only be for essential purposes and not for socialising. Essential shops would be open, plus places of worship which can follow social distancing rules. Hospitality venues would remain closed along with indoor visitor attractions, gyms and swimming pools.
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After four years of bloody conflict, the Armistice was finally signed in November 1918. The arrival of American troops, earlier that year, saw the Germans grow progressively weaker and their officers privately conceded they had no hope of victory.
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By Judith BurnsBBC News
A series of letters, the most reliable form of communication in an age when electronic methods were in their infancy, marked the path towards peace.
The formal negotiations began on 8 November 1918 in a luxurious railway carriage in a siding in a forest near Paris.
The German delegation, led by civilian Matthias Erzberger, had no choice but to accept tough terms demanded by Britain, France and America.
At the end of a momentous day, Rear Admiral Sir George Hope, a member of the British delegation, wrote to his wife Arabella.
"Erzberger was very nervous at first and spoke with some difficulty, the general awfully sad, the diplomat very much on the alert, and the naval officer sullen and morose."
'Subordinate rank'
Rear Admiral Hope judged the accommodation "most comfortable".
"The British have a wagon-lit to ourselves with all possible conveniences: there are several other wagon-lits and a dining saloon," he wrote.
The German delegation was in a similar train, about 100 yards away.
They had hoped to make it "principally a civilian affair", notes Rear Admiral Hope.
"The French and we are very angry with them for only sending military and naval officers of a rather subordinate rank."
The German party approached in single file and got into the conference carriage where "we received them stiffly but courteously".
The two sides exchanged salutes and lined up on different sides of the table, recalled Rear Admiral Hope.
"The terms were then read out to them and evidently made them squirm, but they were probably prepared for most of them as they must know the present military position and the state of mutiny in the fleet."
Rear Admiral Hope's private letter was first published in 1979 by Leeds University historian Peter Liddle, in his book Testimony of War.
"He was perfectly placed, superbly placed. Nobody better to record it," Dr Liddle told the BBC.
"It's not just one man's experience, in minuscule, of events, it is a man near the very heart of important things that were happening."
The Armistice 100 years on
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It is one of five letters, written by key players at key points in the weeks before the Armistice, selected by Cambridge historian Sir Richard J Evans and the Royal Mail, to highlight the crucial role of written communication and postal services in the Great War.
"Every combatant nation had a postal service," says Prof Evans.
"In Britain these were post office personnel who were given military ranks and a bit of training, but basically organised a worldwide postal service across the empire.
"And you had something similar with the Germans and the Austrians and so on, because it was very important to get letters to the troops and letters back, to maintain morale, and of course at a very high level to communicate."
The US had joined the war in 1917 and the following year, the arrival of American troops bolstered France and Britain, leaving the German army unable to withstand a series of sustained attacks.
Germany became increasingly isolated, as its allies dropped out of the war, among them, Bulgaria, where the government collapsed.
In a telegram on 1 October, Germany's State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Paul von Hintze, wrote to representatives at Army Grand Headquarters: "According to the most recent reports from Bulgaria, we must give up the game there.
"From a political point of view, there is no point in our keeping our troops there, let alone reinforcing them."
Within days, the Germans requested a truce.
Prince Max von Baden, Imperial Chancellor in a newly formed, rather more democratic German government, wrote to US President Woodrow Wilson, offering to accept his terms.
"In order to avoid further bloodshed the German government requests to bring about the immediate conclusion of a general armistice on land, on water, and in the air," he wrote.
According to Prof Evans, the German generals "thought they might be able to hold off the allies on the Western Front for a bit longer, but they were under no illusion about the fact that they were not going to win by this stage and so they thought it was best to sue for peace".
He adds that the new democratic government hoped it might get fairly decent terms from the Americans, who were now calling the shots.
But on 27 October, Germany was further weakened, when Austro-Hungary left the war.
In a letter to Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm II, Austro-Hungarian Emperor Karl wrote: "It is my duty, heavily though it lies upon me, to inform you that my people are neither able, nor willing, to continue the war.
"I do not have the right to oppose this wish, since I no longer hope for a favourable outcome.
"The moral and technical preconditions for it are lacking, and useless blood letting would be a crime that my conscience forbids me to commit."
This allowed the British and French to push President Wilson for harsher terms, says Prof Evans.
"They thought he was a bit wishy-washy, vague and idealistic. So they toughened up the terms of the Armistice."
The Germans simply had to accept the terms offered and the Americans said they would only negotiate with a democratic government, forcing the abdication of the Kaiser on 9 November.
The fifth letter shows how news of the Armistice was slow to spread to the more distant parts of the war.
In east Africa, the British wanted to send a telegram to the German Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, who had fought a successful guerrilla war against the British for four years.
'Under white flag'
But the British could not find him and he only got to hear about the Armistice when his troops captured a motorcycle despatch rider, carrying the telegram to be delivered "under white flag".
"The problem was... he couldn't believe the Kaiser had abdicated, and got in touch with the British High Commissioner asking for confirmation," says Prof Evans.
"Eventually he was given credible evidence that this was not a ruse designed to trick him into abandoning the struggle and signed a formal cessation of hostilities on 25 November 1918.
"So that's the last gasp of the war really... and it's the GPO (General Post Office) that plays a role in bringing it about."
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Michael Morpurgo, the author and former children's laureate, is 76 on Saturday 5 October 2019, and he's beginning to feel his age. But he's not downhearted, partly because he draws inspiration from others who've stayed active and positive to the end of their lives.
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Strange thing, getting old - because I never thought it would happen to me. Well, it has, and quite suddenly too. Life these days is punctuated with little reminders. A certain reluctance, that I never had when I was young, when it comes to looking in the mirror. Full body or face. Neither merits a second glance. Mirrors are in fact a perfect nuisance. In lifts with mirrors all round, sometimes you catch a glimpse of the back of a head that always lacks more hair than last time you looked, less than you had supposed or hoped.
And a casual glance at a shop window as you pass by catches you walking more bent. Two choices. One, play the part. Beethoven, hands behind his back, bent into the wind, hair flying, as he composes the Pastoral Symphony? Or you straighten up and walk younger, more youthfully, a sprightly step, just in case anyone else had noticed the elderly slouch. No-one has of course because no-one is looking. But I noticed. I do the Beethoven walk into the wind, humming the Pastoral. Good choice.
In truth of course, you hardly need mirrors to remind you that the years are marching on. There are plenty of other signs you can't avoid noticing. You have to think before you bend down to pick anything up, or tie up a shoelace. There are baths too deep to get out of, so you have to turn turtle and push yourself up and out. But at least no-one is looking. Then there are far too many kind people these days offering you a seat on the bus or the underground. Your little grandson outruns you easily on a country walk, and no longer just because you are pretending to let him win. You can pretend you are pretending, if you like; but he's not fooled, no-one is fooled. I'm not fooled.
And these days I'm finding there are far too many visits to doctors and nurses, wonderful though they are. I was used to tests when I was young - vocabulary tests, comprehension tests, spelling tests. It's blood tests now.
Then there's losing old friends, and neighbours, and family. Not sure you ever get used to being an orphan. That's maybe the worst of being old, and getting older. There are more people you miss, and with every one that goes, you are more alone.
Find out more
Listen to Michael Morpurgo reading this essay on BBC Sounds
You can hear his thoughts about stress and anxiety among children on A Point of View, on BBC Radio 4, at 08:48 on Sunday 6 October - or listen now online
You find you are now among the last old trees in the park, wary of wild winds of fortune that might weaken you or uproot you. I'm sad sometimes that the world changes too fast around you and you feel you cannot belong, you cannot keep up. As a child I never liked feeling left behind. "But you are in second childhood, Michael," I tell myself. "Get used to it. Mustn't worry about sans eyes, sans teeth, sans everything. If it's another childhood you are living through, just be thankful for it. It means there's more ahead, more to look forward to, to live for."
So am I downhearted? No.
What keeps me going are the young, and the very old, the remarkably old. The young are beacons that burn bright with new hope, new energy, with the beauty of fervour, the joy of discovery. To be with them, to work with them, is to be inspired, feel the enchantment and excitement of youth again, to share it, to live in its glow. With them, around them, playing, talking, working, the years peel away. Age no longer wearies. When they've gone I know they have tired me, but I sleep deep and wake contented, refreshed, younger in heart.
Just as rejuvenating and energising to me are the examples of those who have lived long, and never aged, some of the generation before me, whose lives have been lived fully, who have stayed positive to the end, active, and who have contributed so much to all of us. They are my mentors. I will try to tread where they have trod, keep right on to the end of the road.
I think of Judith Kerr, author of The Tiger Who Came to Tea, and When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit, and the Mog books, who passed away only recently, aged 96. She was at her desk, writing and painting, only a few weeks before she died. Well into her 90s she remained indefatigable, travelling widely, in this country and abroad, talking and drawing in schools, in libraries, at festivals, living life to the full. She walked four or five miles every day, ran up the stairs to her studio, loved to be with her friends, enjoyed good conversation, and a good whisky last thing at night.
She was a child refugee from Nazi Germany, had lived through family tragedy, through loss and grief, put up with living alone, worked through being alone. She had her memories, had her cat, her family and friends. She loved making her books, meeting families and children who loved them. And what a legacy of joy she has left! If she was ever downhearted, and I'm sure she was, she just went on dreaming her stories and characters up, went on writing, painting, walking, running up her stairs, kept right on. I walk sometimes where she walked along the Thames, from Hammersmith Bridge to Putney. Just to think of Judith puts a spring in my step.
We were in a restaurant in Oxford some years ago. A man came up to our table. He was old, but he walked tall. He explained he had just been to a talk I had given, told us how much he had enjoyed it, that his name was Roger Bannister. So I found myself speaking to one of my childhood heroes, the young doctor who had broken the four-minute mile, whose modesty was legendary. Having met him, and his wife Moyra, I discovered how, although running had brought him fame, it was primarily medicine, neurology, that was his life's work.
In old age, more and more immobilised by Parkinson's Disease, he continued his work, for his science, his athletics, his city, remaining active as long as he could, remaining an inspiration to us all. I recall well the determination on his face, as he willed himself through the tape that rainy evening in Oxford in 1954, when he became the first man in the world ever to run the mile in under four minutes, a determination that stayed with him all his life, that was with him in his wheelchair. The sight of him breasting that tape stays with me. The memory I have of him in his wheelchair the last time I saw him, still cheerful, still positive, reminds me that we have the power of the human spirit to keep us going, to keep right on.
In the village where we live in Devon we are a small community, with an average age of over 75. Every Tuesday lunchtime the pub, The Duke of York, puts on a lunch for the older villagers. It costs £5 a head for a three-course meal. Twenty or 30 will turn up, a chance to meet, to talk of old times, to remember together. The village consists of a couple of dozen cottages, a village hall - once the old school, closed over 60 years ago now - the pub, the church, the chapel. It is a living community that has a strong tradition of looking after our old people. Families look after their own elderly as best they can, so elderly are looking after elderly more and more. It is a place where the old are valued, respected and cared for. And it is a place where I witness daily the courage and dignity of the old. They too are my mentors.
I will try to emulate them all, Judith Kerr, Sir Roger Bannister, the old folk of my village, as best I can. I'll keep right on.
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The restaurant sector is hardly sizzling at the moment.
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By Tom EspinerBusiness reporter, BBC News
Last month burger chain Byron agreed a rescue plan with lenders and landlords which could lead to the closure of up to 20 restaurants.
Also in January, Jamie Oliver's restaurant group said 12 of its 37 outlets would shut their doors - the second wave of closures in the space of a year.
And since the beginning of 2015, shares in the Restaurant Group, which owns Frankie and Bennys and Garfunkels, have lost two thirds of their value.
So what's causing the gloom?
Serial entrepreneur Luke Johnson, who helped expand Pizza Express in the 1990s, says the whole of the food sector in the UK is under pressure at the moment.
Businesses in the sector are having to pay the new living wage, the apprenticeship levy, and deal with "upwards-only rent reviews", he says.
Mr Johnson, who among his many business interests is the chairman of casual-dining chain 3Sixty Restaurants, adds that "food and ingredients costs are affecting the whole eating-out market".
That is certainly the case for Jamie's Italian, which said the rising price of ingredients was partly behind its troubles.
It buys many ingredients from Italy and they have become more expensive due to the slide in the value of the pound since Britain's vote to leave the European Union.
Roger Tejwani, head of consumer sector at stockbrokers Finncap, says there are just too many restaurants.
"There is too much capacity in the market with consumers having a considerable amount of choice," he says.
He says there needs to be a big decrease in the number of outlets some chains have.
Customers have so much choice that there is little loyalty, and social media lets people be more aware of a wider range of food, Mr Tejwani says.
Fast-casual restaurant firms have to work hard to persuade people to spend - especially as people are already spending more on experiences.
"They are all competing against each other and other forms of entertainment," he says.
So to win customers restaurant chains have had to discount, making life even tougher.
Social scene
Mr Tejwani argues that restaurants need to move with the times and start taking account of consumer technology.
Younger customers expect to be able to document what they are doing and "want to be seen in a cool place", which means restaurants have to be "Instagrammable", he says.
Creating that cool environment will require investment, and there's less of that to go around, says Mr Johnson.
"The banks are pulling in debt lines where they can," he says, while private equity is also getting harder to come by.
Brexit blues
Uncertainties caused by the Brexit process are having an impact on the casual dining sector as a whole, according to consultancy firm Deloitte.
Consumer confidence steadily fell throughout 2017, putting a squeeze on spending on non-essential items, says Deloitte.
"2018 is going to be a challenging year for restaurants, and they will need a tightly-run ship to survive," says Sarah Humphreys, lead partner for casual dining at Deloitte.
"Consumer tastes such as healthy eating, sustainable food sourcing and informal or experiential dining should not be ignored.
"Operators should consider how adaptable their models are to changing tastes, or else face the risk of missing out," she says.
Consumer spending in general took a hit in 2017, having its worst year since 2012, according to payments processor Visa.
That's partly because wages have been rising at a slower pace than inflation, leaving consumers worse off.
Taking out
Food delivery firms such as Just Eat and Deliveroo are a double-edged sword for the sector. They can increase sales, and on balance, they increase profit, says Ms Humphreys.
But they can put pressure on restaurants if there's not enough staff to fill the takeaway orders and keep the customers in the restaurant happy, says Mr Tejwani.
There are other downsides. Food delivery firms charge a high commission for delivery, and also restaurants lose the opportunity to sell profitable extras like drinks.
However, Luke Johnson says that while the market is "tough" at the moment, he remains hopeful for the sector.
"Generally speaking the industry remains in reasonable health … I'm sure it will remain profitable in five to ten years time."
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Last week a threat from North Korea to fire missiles into the sea near Guam led to a spike in war rhetoric from both the US and the North, and put the tiny island territory squarely at the centre of the world's attention. The BBC's Rupert Wingfield-Hayes went there to find out why Guam has been caught in the crosshairs.
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Sitting here on Guam I am in the United States, and yet I am much closer to Manila than Los Angeles.
The nearest bit of the US proper, Hawaii, is nearly 4,000 miles (6,400km) to the east. Honolulu sits across the international dateline - so it is still Wednesday there - even though over here the sun is setting on Thursday.
Little wonder people in Guam often feel forgotten by the rest of America.
Standing in the immigration line it doesn't feel much like America either. The airport is filled with young families flooding off planes from Tokyo and Osaka, Seoul and Busan.
Of the 1.5 million tourists who flock to Guam's beaches each year, most are from Japan and South Korea. For them, it's a little bit of America anchored off the coast of Asia.
The car rental shops do a brisk trade in bright yellow Mustang convertibles. Young South Korean couples cruise the beach roads, the hood down.
There are shooting ranges that do an equally brisk trade with Japanese men eager to have a go with an M16, something that is illegal and taboo back home in Tokyo.
The fact that Guam belongs to America is an accident of history, a bit of war booty left over from the 1898 Spanish-American war. It's the same deal that gave the US Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
And that has left a difficult legacy.
The Philippines eventually got independence, but Guam remains a US territory - in effect a self-governing colony.
Guamanians - as the locals refer to themselves - are US citizens. But here at home they have no right to vote in US presidential elections, and even though they elect a member of the US Congress, she cannot vote on any legislation.
Everyone I've spoken to here agrees this situation is untenable, that Guam either needs to become a fully-fledged US state, or an independent country. But don't count on the latter.
The native people of Guam are called Chamorro. Their ancestors came here 4,000 years ago. Like their distant cousins in Hawaii and Samoa they are deeply conflicted about their American identity.
One evening this week a group of pro-independence Chamorro campaigners gathered on a street corner in the main town Hagatna. They held up peace banners and Guam flags and sang traditional folk songs. Passing cars hooted their support.
"We've been used for other people's war's for too long," one young woman told me. "Its time for us to stop being a colony."
"The American military occupies 27% of the land here," the leader of the protest Kenneth tells me.
"A lot of that land was taken from Chamorro families after World War Two. Not all of us accept this. We are an indigenous people. We've been here for thousands of years. We've been stuck in the middle before and we don't want history to repeat itself."
But that huge US military presence has affected the identity of Guam in surprising ways.
Virtually every family I've spoken to has a connection to the military, an uncle or brother or cousin who has served. Per capital this little island sends more of its sons and daughters to the US military than any other place in the United States.
Partly that's a product of poverty. Guam is poorer than Mississippi. But it means Guam is surprisingly patriotic.
Over and over during the last week I've been told: "I feel safe because the US military is here, they are powerful and they will protect us. North Korea will not do anything to us, and if they do we will destroy them."
But it's also the reason Kim Jong-un is so interested in this tiny scrap of American land. It's not about Guam's proximity to Asia, it's what America keeps here.
On the north end of the island, a huge airbase is hidden behind dense jungle. Beside its runways a fleet of sleek B1 bombers stands ready to strike back at North Korea should it ever attack the South.
On the west coast of Guam an even more secret base is home to a squadron of nuclear attack submarines.
But perhaps even more important than those is what's hidden under the hills in the south of the island.
"This is the US military's store house," Governor Eddie Calvo told me.
Governor Calvo is a big, ebullient politician. He's a republican and a fan of US President Donald Trump.
"He called me on Saturday when I was gardening," the governor tells me. "The President told me he is behind us 1,000%," he says laughing.
Governor Calvo is acutely aware of the strategic importance of his little island to United States.
"There are more munitions stored here on Guam than any other place in the United States," he tells me.
Munitions are the real key to prosecuting a war, and they get used up really quickly once conflict breaks out. Here under the hills of Guam the US stores enough bombs and missiles to keep a war going for weeks and weeks.
It is what makes Guam so important to the United States, and what now makes this little island, with its long sandy beaches and ridiculously friendly people, a target for North Korea's ballistic missiles.
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