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transcription from convergent promoters reduced the rate of rna synthesis in vivo in both directions . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
60,
73
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} |
chromatin structural organization was studied by means of electron microscopy in the macronuclei of ciliate bursaria truncatella at various stages of the life cycle ( at different time intervals after cell division , in resting cysts and at excysting ) and in the nuclei of myxomycete physarum polycephalum during the mitotic cycle . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
201,
214
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitotic cycle",
"pos": [
318,
331
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} |
to quantitate the host defenses of the rat peritoneal cavity , nonviable radiolabeled escherichia coli were injected intraperitoneally and clearance , leukocyte influx , and phagocytosis were examined . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0520990",
"name": "host defenses",
"pos": [
18,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0031308",
"name": "phagocytosis",
"pos": [
174,
186
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} |
the development of cellular immunity after infection was rather similar within the maternally immune group independent whether the animals had been vaccinated or not , but adv-adcc and adv-lyst showed a more rapid progress within the vaccinated group than in the non-vaccinated group and the non-immune control group . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C0003272",
"name": "adcc",
"pos": [
176,
180
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} |
there is as yet no marker specific for sct , which would elucidate the obscure histogenetic origin and phenotypic differentiation of these tumors . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenetic",
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} | {
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"pos": [
114,
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} |
such alterations in the phosphorylation of components of the achlya translational apparatus may be involved in the qualitative and quantitative changes in protein synthesis which are observed with heat shock in achlya . | process_includes_biological_process | {
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"name": "translational",
"pos": [
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} | {
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} |
the effect of a treatment with 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine ( fdurd ) in combination with 2'-deoxyuridine ( durd ) on cell proliferation , incorporation of dna precursors into dna and sister-chromatid exchanges ( sces ) has been analyzed in allium cepa meristem cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
114,
132
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} | {
"id": "C0037211",
"name": "sister-chromatid exchanges",
"pos": [
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206
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} |
rna polymerase molecules initiating transcription at tandem promoters can collide and cause premature transcription termination . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
36,
49
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} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "transcription termination",
"pos": [
102,
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} |
s1 nuclease mapping experiments suggest that amplification of spovg on a multicopy plasmid causes the titration of a transcription factor or minor form of rna polymerase holoenzyme required for utilization of one of the two overlapping promoters which comprise the spovg transcription initiation region . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
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} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "transcription initiation",
"pos": [
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} |
the lower transposition frequencies could be due to decreased supercoiling of dna , to altered expression of required genes , or to aberrant transcription of transposon or target dna resulting from the lack of transcription termination at rho-sensitive sites in rho mutants . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
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} |
the lower transposition frequencies could be due to decreased supercoiling of dna , to altered expression of required genes , or to aberrant transcription of transposon or target dna resulting from the lack of transcription termination at rho-sensitive sites in rho mutants . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
95,
105
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} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "transcription termination",
"pos": [
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} |
the lower transposition frequencies could be due to decreased supercoiling of dna , to altered expression of required genes , or to aberrant transcription of transposon or target dna resulting from the lack of transcription termination at rho-sensitive sites in rho mutants . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
141,
154
]
} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "transcription termination",
"pos": [
210,
235
]
} |
we have examined the effect of the purified igg from the serum of guinea pigs immunized with a highly purified preparation of rabbit reticulocyte , hemin-controlled translational repressor ( hcr ) on protein synthesis in the reticulocyte lysate . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
165,
178
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} | {
"id": "C0597295",
"name": "protein synthesis",
"pos": [
200,
217
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} |
this kinetic behavior is thought to reflect the presence of functionally independent alpha beta dimers , still connected by the flexible cross-link but forming an open hemoglobin tetramer . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
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21
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} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
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} |
the expression of ribosomal protein ( r-protein ) genes is uniquely regulated at the translational level during early development of drosophila . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
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"pos": [
4,
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} | {
"id": "C1519614",
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} |
prevention of tumorigenesis of oncogene-transformed rat fibroblasts with dna site inhibitors of poly ( adp ribose ) polymerase . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumorigenesis",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C1510411",
"name": "transformed",
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} |
this aerosol produced a progressive slowing and deepening of breathing which was maximal after 20 min of aerosol inhalation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
61,
70
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} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhalation",
"pos": [
113,
123
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} |
the morphology , histogenesis and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle is reviewed , with particular emphasis on the differentiation of such cells into contractile or synthetic phenotypes . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
17,
29
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} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
122,
137
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} |
bower 's ( 1981 ) associative network model of mood and cognition predicts that depression will selectively facilitate the perception of negatively toned words . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
56,
65
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} | {
"id": "C0030971",
"name": "perception",
"pos": [
123,
133
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} |
thus , if one of the theories of histogenesis of granulosa cells were correct -- namely , that they are derived ultimately from mesothelial lining -- the ultrastructural evidence would rest on recognizing a similarity between the two types of cells at an earlier stage of differentiation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
272,
287
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} |
the slope of the subcutaneous blood flow autoregulation curves during poor metabolic control ( median : 11.6 % per 10 mmhg , range : 8.0-30.5 % per 10 mmhg ) was not significantly different from the slope values during improved metabolic control ( 13.4 % per mmhg , 10.1-24.4 % per mmhg ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0019868",
"name": "autoregulation",
"pos": [
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55
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} | {
"id": "C1513158",
"name": "metabolic control",
"pos": [
228,
245
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} |
although the precise role of relaxin has yet to be elucidated , it has been implicated in the regulation of physiological and biochemical processes in the reproductive tract during pregnancy and parturition . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
155,
167
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} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
181,
190
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} |
a protein-dna transcription complex , isolated from logarithmic-phase cells of bacillus subtilis , is active in the initiation of new rounds of rna synthesis in vitro . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
14,
27
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} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
144,
157
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} |
experiments separating transcription from translation by using rifampicin , suggest that camp exerts its effect during initiation of transcription or translation of lac mrna , but does not affect the propagation of either the messenger or of the beta-galactosidase polypeptide chain . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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36
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} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "initiation",
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119,
129
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} |
actinomycin d ( an inhibitor of the transcription stage of protein synthesis ) , at concentrations which inhibit rna synthesis by 75 % , has no effect on either control or angiotensin stimulated sodium transport.4 . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
113,
126
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} |
[ the effect of higher fatty acids on the energy metabolism of ehrlich-ascites tumor cells . i. the effect of saturated and transconfigurated unsaturated fatty acids on anaerobic glycolysis ] . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
42,
59
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} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "anaerobic glycolysis",
"pos": [
169,
189
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} |
[ the influence of higher fatty acids on the energy metabolism of ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells . ii . studies on the mechanism of action of cis-configuration unsaturated fatty acids on anerobic glycolysis ] . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
45,
62
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} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "anerobic glycolysis",
"pos": [
188,
207
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} |
the ability to identify keratin proteins within fixed , embedded tissue ( including those known to lack tonofilament bundles ) may prove useful in the study of tissue histogenesis and carcinogenesis , and in the pathologic assessment of poorly differentiated malignant neoplasms and tumors of controversial cellular origin . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
167,
179
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} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiated",
"pos": [
244,
258
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} |
although other reproductive diseases unrelated to des exposure in utero were also present in this select group of patients , it is probable that the high rate of infertility and pregnancy wastage is related to the uterine structural abnormalities encountered . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
15,
27
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} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
178,
187
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} |
tissue distribution and metabolism of drugs v : effect of secretin and pancreozymin on drug transport in rabbit pancreas . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0683140",
"name": "metabolism",
"pos": [
24,
34
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} | {
"id": "C1154689",
"name": "drug transport",
"pos": [
87,
101
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} |
a symbiotic relationship of energy metabolism between a 'non-glycolytic ' mammalian red cell and the liver . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
28,
45
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} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolytic",
"pos": [
61,
71
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} |
host defenses in murine malaria : immunological characteristics of a protracted state of immunity to plasmodium yoelii . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0520990",
"name": "host defenses",
"pos": [
0,
13
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} | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "state",
"pos": [
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} |
in the early postoperative period the minute circulation volume increased because of tachycardia , in the late periods it increased due to an increase in the systolic volume with concomitant decrease in the rate of cardiac contractions . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0005775",
"name": "circulation",
"pos": [
45,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0039155",
"name": "systolic",
"pos": [
158,
166
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} |
the study of external respiration and acid-base equilibrium of blood of 35 test subjects exposed to 49-day head-down ( -4 degrees ) tilting and of 6 test subjects exposed to 182-day head-down ( -4 degrees ) tilting demonstrated a trend for a decrease in the respiration rate , lung ventilation , oxygen consumption , and a relative increase in the exhalation time . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
22,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "exhalation",
"pos": [
348,
358
]
} |
attempts to reconstitute rough endoplasmic reticulum by the addition of washed castor bean microsomal membranes to the translational system were unsuccessful , these membranes severely inhibiting protein synthesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
119,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0597295",
"name": "protein synthesis",
"pos": [
196,
213
]
} |
[ electron microscopic observations on the histogenesis of the chick embryo retina . i. differentiation of the matrix cell to the neuroblast ] . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
43,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
88,
103
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} |
a brief description of odontomas and their development is given with an embryologic account of middle ear cleft development . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
43,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0013936",
"name": "embryologic",
"pos": [
72,
83
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} |
thus , the stage is set for neoplastic transformation of these cells in an environment which is conducive to the progressive growth of the virally transformed vasoformative mesenchyme . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "neoplastic transformation",
"pos": [
28,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C1510411",
"name": "transformed",
"pos": [
147,
158
]
} |
cattell 's high school personality questionnaire and gough 's adjective checklist were administered to 73 15-yr.-old boys to compare personality for groups selected on the basis of extreme scores on maturation ( skeletal development , age at achievement of peak height velocity ) , body type ( body somatotype , body skinfolds ) , performance ( body reaction time ) , strength , physical fitness and socioeconomic status . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "maturation",
"pos": [
199,
209
]
} | {
"id": "C1160401",
"name": "skeletal development",
"pos": [
212,
232
]
} |
in lens cultures under routine conditions of cultivation there occurs disturbance of normal embryonic histogenesis and abortive differentiation of the already differentiated in vivo cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
102,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiated",
"pos": [
159,
173
]
} |
the development of microperoxisomes in the cells of the proximal tubules of the kidney and epithelium of the small intestine during the embryonic development and postnatal period . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
4,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0013936",
"name": "embryonic development",
"pos": [
136,
157
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} |
examination of its biological behavior and direct measurement of repressor activity show that k5 does not affect c2 repression . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
30,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0035143",
"name": "repression",
"pos": [
116,
126
]
} |
further , speculations are offered as to the role this modulatory action may play in the many behaviors and pathologies thought to involve these dopamine neurons . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviors",
"pos": [
94,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
120,
127
]
} |
as griffin and others have noted , the kinds of behavioral phenomena that lead psychologists to speak of cognition in humans are also observed in nonhuman animals , and therefore those who are convinced of the legitimacy of psychology should not hesitate to speak of and to attempt to study animal cognition . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
48,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
298,
307
]
} |
the behavior of organisms is also a legitimate subject matter , and praxics , the study of behavior , has led to significant advances in our understanding of the kinds of behaviors that lead psychologists to speak of cognition . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
217,
226
]
} |
replacement of the 3'-end of the protamine transcription unit with a fragment of sv40 containing the small-t intron and early polyadenylation site resulted in only a modest increase in transcript levels over the wild-type gene in hela cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
43,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
126,
141
]
} |
although there are four sequences that begin tata and are near the start of transcription ( -170 , -132 , -123 , and -102 ) only the sequence at -123 ( tata-123 ) is required for transcription initiation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
76,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "transcription initiation",
"pos": [
179,
203
]
} |
the preliminary studies we have described support the idea that calcium ions and calcium transport enzymes may indeed play important roles in cell division and indicate that the tools we have at hand should help us further our understanding of the mitotic process . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
142,
155
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitotic process",
"pos": [
248,
263
]
} |
one of the most consistent and dramatic effects of autosomal aneuploidy on development is permanent reduction of growth rate , beginning very early in embryonic development . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
75,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0013936",
"name": "embryonic development",
"pos": [
151,
172
]
} |
it seems to help the patients to a better insight into behaviour and it also seems to favour their motivation for active prophylactic measures . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
55,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
99,
109
]
} |
in 12 spontaneously breathing intubated children ( 9.3-25 kg ) , ventilatory responses to rebreathing and to the inhalation of carbon dioxide ( co2 ) were investigated during halothane anaesthesia for minor surgical procedures . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
20,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhalation",
"pos": [
113,
123
]
} |
the results suggest that the expression of glyw may depend upon the expression of the preceding gene , pgsa , by transcriptional or translational overlap , by cotranscription of these two genes , or both . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
29,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
113,
128
]
} |
the results suggest that the expression of glyw may depend upon the expression of the preceding gene , pgsa , by transcriptional or translational overlap , by cotranscription of these two genes , or both . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
29,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
132,
145
]
} |
the framework is based on evidence that imagery mediates behaviour through either cognitive or motivational mechanisms , which affect specific or general response systems . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
57,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivational",
"pos": [
95,
107
]
} |
effects of fetal sire on postpartum reproductive changes of the dam were studied in 21 holstein heifers whose pregnancy had been initiated by either angus ( n = 7 ) , holstein ( n = 7 ) or brahman ( n = 7 ) bulls . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
36,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
110,
119
]
} |
although this change in translational efficiency appears to be sufficient to account for previously observed differences in overall rates of protein synthesis in dormant and reactivated embryos , the possibility that some changes also occur at the level of transcription during reactivation is not ruled out . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
24,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0597295",
"name": "protein synthesis",
"pos": [
141,
158
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} |
these non-natural phosphatidylcholines are of interest because they possess the capability of forming interlipid hydrogen bonds via the carbamyloxy function and as such can serve as a model for sphingolipids , the phase behavior of which is thought to be dominated by interlipid hydrogen bonding . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
220,
228
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
241,
248
]
} |
the data suggest that p1 , and not p2 , is necessary for tdc gene expression , and that the dna sequences coding for the 32 kd polypeptide and threonine dehydratase are part of a single transcriptional unit . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene",
"pos": [
61,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
186,
201
]
} |
in clinical study , anti-tumor immune response was observed similarly on draining lymph nodes of gastric cancer or colo-rectal cancer by measuring the pha lymphocyte blastogenesis formation , the natural killer activity and the t-cell subpopulation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
31,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0024262",
"name": "blastogenesis",
"pos": [
166,
179
]
} |
recording is based on describing external behaviour using four alternative forms of behaviour ( aggressive , dominant , submissive and cooperative ) , motivational aspects by means of a list of motives and emotional background experiences for specific situations . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
42,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motives",
"pos": [
194,
201
]
} |
detection of neural differentiation markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein ( gfap ) , s 100 protein ( s 100 p ) , neurofibrillary proteins and neuron-specific enolase ( nse ) greatly contributed to clarifying the histogenesis and differentiation potential of undifferentiated small-cell tumors grouped as primitive neuroectodermal tumors ( pnets ) which include cerebellar medulloblastomas and pinealoblastomas as well as neuroblastomas and ependymoblastomas . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
222,
234
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
239,
254
]
} |
when the gs17 gene is injected into fertilized eggs , transcription from the injected dna mimics the expression pattern of the endogenous gene , i.e. , both the switch-on and switch-off of transcription are correctly regulated . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
101,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
189,
202
]
} |
control of gene expression in p2-related coliphages : the in vitro transcription pattern of coliphage 186 . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
11,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
67,
80
]
} |
an in vitro processing system of mouse rrna was achieved using an rna polymerase i-specific transcription system , ( s100 ) and recombinant plasmids consisting of mouse rrna gene ( rdna ) segments containing the transcription initiation and 5'-terminal region of 18s ( or 41s ) rrna . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
92,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "transcription initiation",
"pos": [
212,
236
]
} |
since the conversion of methionine to sam requires atp , the relationship between the energy metabolism of spermatozoa and methylation was investigated using inhibitors of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
86,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolysis",
"pos": [
172,
182
]
} |
in fed rats energy metabolism depends on glycolysis , which utilizes blood glucose as the substrate preferentially during hypoxia . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
12,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolysis",
"pos": [
41,
51
]
} |
the results show that 7-amd binding in chromatin of mononuclear leucocytes correlates with transcriptional activity as measured by dnase1 susceptibility and rna synthesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
91,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
157,
170
]
} |
to determine the requirements for gene expression in mammalian germ cells , circular double-stranded simian virus 40 ( sv40 ) dna molecules containing deletions in sequences controlling transcription and replication were injected into the nucleus of mouse oocytes . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
34,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
186,
199
]
} |
examples have been identified in which the predominant mode for regulating expression of preferentially expressed genes changes from transcriptional to post-transcriptional at different stages of liver development and some members of multigene families ( cytochrome p450s and apolipoprotein genes ) also show independent and sometimes contrasting modes of regulation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
75,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
157,
172
]
} |
we report here that b- and c- mutations change the pattern of gene expression during myxococcus development as detected by transcriptional fusions to lacz mediated by tn5 lac . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
62,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
123,
138
]
} |
we have studied the expression of several characterized genes during induction of mouse erythroleukemia ( mel ) cells with dimethyl sulfoxide ( dmso ) and have observed a specific pattern of changes in transcriptional activity and steady-state rna levels associated with erythroid differentiation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
20,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
202,
217
]
} |
the results demonstrate that coordinate gene expression in erythroid differentiation occurs primarily at the level of transcription . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene",
"pos": [
40,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
118,
131
]
} |
the enhanced rate of transcription of methyl mercury-exposed dna by rna polymerase is not sufficient to explain the stimulatory effect of methyl mercury on rna synthesis in isolated nuclei . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
21,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
156,
169
]
} |
respiration-related neurons were classified with respect to the correlation of their activity with the activity of the phrenic nerve : phase-bound inspiratory ( i ) and expiratory ( e ) neurones and phase-spanning expiratory-inspiratory and inspiratory-expiratory neurones were discriminated . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
241,
252
]
} |
respiration-related neurons were classified with respect to the correlation of their activity with the activity of the phrenic nerve : phase-bound inspiratory ( i ) and expiratory ( e ) neurones and phase-spanning expiratory-inspiratory and inspiratory-expiratory neurones were discriminated . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "expiratory",
"pos": [
253,
263
]
} |
dose-effect curves for the nonadenosine behavioral depressants chlorpromazine and diazepam were unchanged by chronic treatment with caffeine , but the curve for pentobarbital , which is thought to inhibit adenosine receptor binding , was shifted to the right by a factor of 3 . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
40,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
186,
193
]
} |
it is proposed that all sards act on some aspect of the central reaction in the ongoing immune response where antigen presentation to t helper cells results in interleukin 2 production and the generation of activated t cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
88,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "antigen presentation",
"pos": [
110,
130
]
} |
the difference between the two studies may be that in monkeys sperm antigen presentation comes at the time of vasectomy and therefore immunosuppression at this time can prevent an immune response , but in man sperm antigen presentation comes at some later time following vasectomy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
180,
195
]
} | {
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "antigen presentation",
"pos": [
215,
235
]
} |
antibiotics and immunity : effects of antibiotics on natural killer , antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody production . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
16,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0003272",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
120,
128
]
} |
the capacity to inhibit b cell proliferation was independent of and distinct from its capacity to inhibit b cell differentiation , since igsrk inhibited the differentiation of a b cell differentiation factor ( bcdf ) -sensitive line by bcdf ( which contains no bcpf activity ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1511002",
"name": "b cell differentiation",
"pos": [
106,
128
]
} | {
"id": "C1155008",
"name": "bcpf",
"pos": [
261,
265
]
} |
to evaluate this we measured ve , breathing pattern , mouth occlusion pressure , and lung mechanics in 20 normal subjects during room-air breathing and then inhalation of 6 % co2-94 % o2 , before and after airway anesthesia . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
34,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhalation",
"pos": [
157,
167
]
} |
the dna sequence requirements of chicken u1 rna gene expression have been examined in an oocyte transcription system . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
48,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
96,
109
]
} |
expression of the c-myc gene can be controlled by transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms ( or both ) , depending on the cell type and the growth conditions . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
73,
88
]
} |
second-parity swine were assigned at breeding and continued through two reproduction-lactation cycles ( second and third parities , phases one and two ) on four dietary treatments as follows : control ( c ) , 1.8 kg of a standard gestation diet daily ( 6000 kcal de daily ) to parturition ; | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproduction",
"pos": [
72,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "gestation",
"pos": [
230,
239
]
} |
by using the in-vitro transcription and s1 mapping techniques , transcription termination after phet could be excluded , indicating that hima can be expressed from polycistronic messenger rnas encompassing the phest region . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
22,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "transcription termination",
"pos": [
64,
89
]
} |
the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe has been used to identify gene functions required for the cell to become committed to the mitotic cell cycle and to initiate the processes leading to chromosome replication in s-phase . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1155839",
"name": "mitotic cell cycle",
"pos": [
134,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0080129",
"name": "s-phase",
"pos": [
220,
227
]
} |
the isolated upper airway pressure and flow changes during electrical stimulation of the genioglossus muscle in spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs were measured at given pressures in the inspiratory direction . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
126,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
194,
205
]
} |
observations made at the same time on the behaviour of these mosquitos indicate that they have greater contact with the inside walls of houses than was previously thought . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
42,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
163,
170
]
} |
correlation of ovarian cholesterol levels with changes in delta glucuronidase activity of reproductive tract during the estrous cycle and pregnancy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
90,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0025329",
"name": "estrous cycle",
"pos": [
120,
133
]
} |
correlation of ovarian cholesterol levels with changes in delta glucuronidase activity of reproductive tract during the estrous cycle and pregnancy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
90,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
138,
147
]
} |
of those who said that they were influenced , 144 ( 52.7 % ) held the same reproductive plans that they reported before counseling : 41 ( 15 % ) were planning more pregnancies , 36 ( 13.2 % ) were planning fewer , and 52 ( 19.1 % ) became reproductively uncertain . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
75,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancies",
"pos": [
164,
175
]
} |
[ effect of cysteine ethylester hydrochloride ( cystanin ) on host defense mechanisms ( iii ) : potentiating effects on phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium ( nbt ) reduction by leukocytes of mice and guinea pigs ] . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0520990",
"name": "host defense",
"pos": [
62,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0031308",
"name": "phagocytosis",
"pos": [
120,
132
]
} |
the revealed time course of food behavioral reactions reflected the phase of food motivation in patients with arterial hypertension : hypertensive anorexia followed by post-hypertensive hyperphagia for 2-3 weeks . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
33,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
82,
92
]
} |
development of cell-mediated immunity ( cmi ) and comparative effectiveness of different stage-specific coccidia antigens in t cell activation during avian coccidiosis were evaluated in two inbred strains of chickens using a specific in vitro t cell proliferation assay . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cell-mediated immunity",
"pos": [
15,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell activation",
"pos": [
125,
142
]
} |
characteristics of food behavioral reactions were studied in 159 patients with alimentary obesity , basing on the analysis of a specially developed questionnaire which helped elucidating the features of food motivation ( fm ) during 8-12 months . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
24,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
208,
218
]
} |
thirty two ( 20.1 % ) patients with normal fm in their catamnesis showed distinct hyperphagic behavior that , together with other features of fm , was considered as the state of a stable remission of high fm . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
94,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "fm",
"pos": [
205,
207
]
} |
[ the significance of determining intermediate filament and epithelial membrane antigens in the differential diagnosis and histogenetic differentiation of ovarian tumors ] . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenetic",
"pos": [
123,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
136,
151
]
} |
in the tidal volume breathing bc ( tbc ) , the patient inhales bronchoconstrictor during the entire inspiratory phase of the tidal volume breathing . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
20,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
100,
111
]
} |
to analyse gene expression signals in aspergillus we have constructed a set of integration vectors each of which contains in front of the escherichia coli 'lacz gene a unique bamhi site in one of the three possible translational reading frames and the a. nidulans argb gene as a selection marker . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
11,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
215,
228
]
} |
while the expression of the shrunken gene varies in different tissues and in response to external stimuli , transcription of the second sucrose synthase ( b ) gene seems to be irresponsive to anaerobic stress and to be expressed at a similar low level in all of the tissues examined . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
10,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
108,
121
]
} |
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