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| answers
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 89 | In latent human herpes simplex virus infections, viral particles typically remain in: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Neurons."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The B lymphocytes"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The T lymphocytes"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The myeloid cells"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The granulocytes."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 90 | The enzymes present inside the virion of the poxviruses are necessary for the replication of their genetic material because: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Its genome is single-stranded DNA (-)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Its genome is single-stranded RNA (-)."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They replicate in the cell cytoplasm."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It contains a very high percentage of unusual nitrogenous bases such as inosine."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "At the beginning of the infection, a blockage of the transcriptional system of the host cell occurs."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 91 | The virions of the Arenavirus contain: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A linear single-stranded RNA molecule."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Two equal molecules of linear double-stranded RNA."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Two different molecules of linear single-stranded RNA."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Two distinct molecules of single-stranded circular RNA."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Two identical molecules of single-stranded circular RNA."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 92 | Inhibits the integrase of HIV the: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Efavirenz."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Tenofovir"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Ritonavir"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Emtricitabine."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Raltegravir"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 93 | In the coronaviurs, the assembly of the virions takes place in the (the): | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Rough endoplasmic reticulum."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Mitochondrial matrix."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Nucleus."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Citosol"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Cytoplasmic membrane."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 94 | The respiratory syncytial virus is a: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Ortomixovirus."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Filovirus."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Parvovirus."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Togavirus."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Paramyxovirus."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 95 | To multiply, the rhabdoviruses enter the host cell by: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Viropexy"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Endocytosis"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Depopolimerization of the virion as a consequence of the interaction with the cellular receptor."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Direct translocation"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Opsonic phagocytosis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 96 | All RNA (-) viruses present: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Segmented genome."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Lipid envelope."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Helical nucleocapsid"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Icosahedral nucleocapsid."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Reverse transcriptase."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 97 | They synthesize a single polyprotein precursor of all the proteins necessary for the rest of the multiplication cycle: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Coronavirus."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Picornavirus"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Rotavirus."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Paramyxovirus."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Calcivirus."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 98 | The following are zoonotic: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Rotavirus."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Paramyxovirus."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Cytomegalovirus."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Arenavirus."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Parvovirus."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 99 | To replicate, paramyxoviruses must introduce their genetic material into the cell and one: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "DNA polymerase RNA dependent."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "DNA polymerase dependent DNA."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "RNA polymerase dependent RNA."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "DNA polymerase dependent DNA."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They do not require the introduction of viral enzymes."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 100 | The reovirus .: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They are released from the cell by budding."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They replicate their genetic material in the cell nucleus."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They have a lipid envelope."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They form virions resistant to acid pH."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They are transmitted by blood."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 101 | The most appropriate microscopy to identify Treponema pallidum in exudates from syphilitic lesions is: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Clear field without staining."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Clear field with simple staining."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Dark field"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Phase contrast."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Polarized light"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 102 | Acid-resistant alcohol staining is positive in bacteria of the genus: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Mycoplasma."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Helicobacter"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Borrelia."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Mycobacterium"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Clostridium"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 103 | HEPA filters are used for the sterilization of: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Organic liquids"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Air."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Culture broth"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Antibiotics"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Sugar solutions"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 104 | If after 200 microliters of a 10-4 dilution (10 exp. -4) of a broth on an agar plate grows 100 colonies, the estimated number of colony forming units per mL of broth is: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "0.2 x 104"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "2 x 106"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "5 x 104"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "5 x 105"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "5 x 106"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 105 | The non-selective medium commonly used for the growth of gonococcus (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) is: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Chocolate agar."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Agar blood."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Mannitol saline agar."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Nutritious agar"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "MacConkey agar."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 106 | On a blood agar plate, a greenish or brown halo around a bacterial colony indicates that the bacteria produces: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A siderophore."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "α hemolysis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Coagulase"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "β galactosidase."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Neutral metabolites"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 107 | If, by adding a drop of H2O2 to a bacterial suspension, bubbles (O2) are generated, the bacteria produce: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Cytochrome C oxidase."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Oxygenase"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Superoxide dismutase."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Catalase"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Anhydrase"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 108 | The component of the Gram-negative bacteria directly responsible for the endotoxic activity is: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Lipid A."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The porinas."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The penicillin binding proteins."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The O antigen"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The lipoproteins."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 109 | A characteristic component of murein or peptidoglycan in most bacterial species is: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The dipicolinic acid."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "L-glutamic acid"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The D-alanine."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The mannosamine."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The diaminoglycoside"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 110 | The process of bacterial sporulation occurs: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "After the depletion of certain essential nutrients."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "When unfavorable environmental factors such as UV light or heat appear."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "During the exponential growth."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "By budding of a stem cell."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 111 | The tetracyclines act on the: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "DNA polymerase"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Transpeptidation of the peptidoglycan in the wall."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "RNA polymeres"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "30S subunit of the ribosome."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "DNA gyrase."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 112 | The following are obtained only by chemical synthesis: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Penicillins"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Cephalosporins."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Macrolides"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Aminoglycosides"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Quinolones"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 113 | The phosphotransferase (PTS) system of many bacteria: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is commonly employed to incorporate medium sugars."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Participates in oxidative phosphorylation."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Participates in phosphorylation at the substrate level."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Consume directly ATP."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Dephosphorylates substrates as a step prior to transport."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 114 | A plasmid contains necessarily: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Genes of resistance to antibiotics."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Origin of replication."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Integrons"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Genes of transfer by conjugation."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Transposons."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 115 | To control the expression of certain genes according to population density, bacteria use systems of: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Strict response"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Two components"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Perception of the quorum."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Densitometric adaptation."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Negative activation"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 116 | Enterobacteriaceae are bacteria: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Able to breathe and ferment."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Cytochrome C oxidase positive."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Mobiles with polar flagellation."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Lacking lipopolysaccharide."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Always associated with the intestine of mammals."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 117 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Able to ferment a large variety of sugars."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Often resistant to many antibiotics for medical use."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Responsible for toxi-alimentary infections."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Part of the normal microbiota of the skin."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "A commensal bacterium of the digestive tract."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 118 | The producers of many antibiotics for medical use are: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Myxobacteria"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Cyanobacteria"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Spirochetes"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Streptomycetes"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Alpha proteobacteria."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 119 | Mycoplasmas: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They do not contain phospholipids in their membrane."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They have a positive Gram type wall."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They contain mycolic acids."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They grow quickly in simple means."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They are naturally insensitive to penicillin."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 120 | Neisseria meningitidis is: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A gram-negative bacillus."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Normally resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "An anaerobic coconut."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "An encapsulated diplococcus."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Mobile by peritric flagellation."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 121 | In humans, Lactobacillus acidophilus is part of the normal microbiota of: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The female genital tract"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The bucco-pharynx."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The urinary tract"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The skin."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The respiratory tract"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 122 | Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutants are responsible for: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Dental cavities."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Burns infections."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Rheumatic fever"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Atypical rhinitis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Otitis stockings."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 123 | It is an obligate intracellular pathogen: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Treponema pallidum"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Chlamydia trachomatis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Streptococcus pneumoniae"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 124 | It is associated with gastric ulcers and cancers: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Clostridium botulinum."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Yersinia enterocolitica."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Salmonella enterica"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Helicobacter pylori."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Shigella sonnei."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 125 | In a Gram positive pathogen involved in pharyngitis and rheumatic fever: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Staphylococcus aureus."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Micrococcus luteus."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Moraxella catarrhalis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Haemophilus influenzae."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Streptococcus pyogenes."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 126 | They are reservoirs of Q fever (Coxiella burnetti): | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Bats"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Poultry."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Rodents"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Dogs."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Cows, sheep and goats."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 127 | It is a genus of strict anaerobic bacteria that produce endospores and that contain pathogenic species: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Bacteroides."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Bacillus."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Clostridium"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Corynebacterium"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Mycobacterium"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 128 | It is a disease caused by a pathogenic foodborne bacterium: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The listeriosis"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Lyme disease"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Tularemia"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Scarlet fever"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The impetigo."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 129 | A rat pathogen that has fleas as vectors of transmission to humans is: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Rickettsia rickettsii."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Yersinia pestis"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Borrelia burgdorferi."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Ehrlichia ewingii."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Brucella abortus."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 130 | A positive coagulase test is typical of: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Staphylococcus aureus."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Staphylococcus epidermidis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Haemophilus influenzae."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Neisseria meningitidis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Escherichia coli"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 131 | Unlike receptors of adaptive immunity, those of innate immunity are characterized by: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Have a clonal distribution."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Its greatest diversity"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Be identical in cells of the same lineage."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Recognize and react against own molecules."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Being only on the cell surface."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 132 | The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mainly recognize: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Proteins"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Superantigens."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Non-polymorphic histocompatibility antigens."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Various components of microbes."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Tolerógenos."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 133 | Among the characteristic components of the adaptive immune system are: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The epithelial cells."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The macrophages."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The NK lymphocytes."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "C-reactive protein"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The B lymphocytes"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 134 | They are primary lymphoid organs: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Spleen and lymph nodes"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The spleen and bone marrow."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The thymus and the bone marrow."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The pineal gland"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Peyer's plates and tonsils."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 135 | Generates hydrogen peroxide in the phagosome: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Myeloperoxidase"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Carbonic anhydrase."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "NADPH oxidase."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Cytochrome C oxidase."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Superoxide dismutase."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 136 | The complement is produced mostly in: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Lymphocytes"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Lymph nodes"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Thymus"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Spleen."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Liver."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 137 | In the activation of the serum complement, the assembly of the Membrane Attack Complex begins with: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "C9"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "C5b."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "C3a."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "C6"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "C8."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 138 | HLA class I molecules are expressed in: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Leukocytes"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Erythrocytes"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "All nucleated cells."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Antigen presenting cells."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "NK lymphocytes."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 139 | The class I genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They are few"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They are very polymorphic."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They express their alleles according to allelic exclusion."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They are expressed in all the cells of the organism."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They code glycolipids."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 140 | The loss of MHC class I makes the cells susceptible to lysis by: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "NK lymphocytes."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Tc lymphocytes."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Macrophages"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Th lymphocytes"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Complement."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 141 | It is a costimulatory molecule that is expressed in the antigen-presenting cells: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "CD25."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "CD20."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "CD42."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "CD18."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "CD80."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 142 | The simultaneous expression of IgM and IgD is observed for the first time in lymphocytes: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Early Pro-B."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "B mature."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Late Pro-B."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Pre-B."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "B immature"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 143 | In the process of maturation of the affinity of the B lymphocytes in the germinal centers, they act as accessory cells: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Macrophages"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Th1 lymphocytes."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Mastocytes"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Follicular dendritic cells."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Langerhans cells."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 144 | What serum immunoglobulin will synthesize an activated B lymphocyte that has not been stimulated through CD40 ?: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Any."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "IgE"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "IgM"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "IgA"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "IgG"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 145 | They are receptors involved in phagocytosis dependent on opsonization: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "KIR."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "TLR1."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "MR."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "CR1"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "TCR"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 146 | The main mediators of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicdiad are: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The eosinophils."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The NK lymphocytes."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The mast cells"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The neutrophils."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The CD8 + lymphocytes."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 147 | With the same affinity of its Fab, the avidity is: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "IgM"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "IgE"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "IgA"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "IgG"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "IgD."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 148 | The number of chains of the IgG is: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "one."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "two."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "3."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Four."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "5."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 149 | Immunoglobulin isotype change affects: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The constant regions of the heavy chains."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The constant regions of the light chains."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The totality of heavy chains."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The entire immunoglobulin molecule."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The hypervariable regions of the heavy chains."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 150 | The so-called poly-Ig receptor: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Facilitates the transport of IgA through the mucosal epithelium."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Mediates the transport of IgG through the placenta."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Stabilizes the polymer structure of an IgM."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is expressed on the surface of tissue macrophages."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 151 | In an indirect ELISA ("Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay"): | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The antigen must be previously denatured."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Specific antibodies can be quantified."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The antigen is \"sandwiched\" between two antibody preparations."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The antibody specific for the antigen is conjugated to an enzyme."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Antigens are quantified in solution."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 152 | The humanized antibodies: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They have very low affinity."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They contain CDRs of a mouse monoclonal antibody."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They have totally murine VH and VL domains."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They have totally human VH and VL domains."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They have human light chains."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 153 | It is a Th1 cytokine: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "IL-1."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "IL-2."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "IL-3."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "IL-4."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "IL-5"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 154 | IL-10 is a cytokine: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Immunosuppressant."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Proinflammatory"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Associated with Th2 responses."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Which activates Th1 lymphocytes."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Produced by CD8 lymphocytes."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 155 | Immediate hypersensitivity reactions or allergy are mediated by: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Autoantibodies"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Antigen-antibody complexes."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "IgE"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Th1 lymphocytes."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Th17 lymphocytes."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 156 | The majority of regulatory T lymphocytes express high levels of: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Molecules of the B7 family."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "CD8."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The alpha chain of the receptor for IL-2."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "IL-17."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Perforin"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 157 | T-independent antigens: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They are mostly proteins."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They induce maturation of the affinity of the specific antibodies."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Induce isotype change of specific antibodies."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They are usually polymeric antigens."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They induce intense secondary responses."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 159 | The T lymphocyte receptor (TCR): | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Experience change of class."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Does not experience affinity maturation."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It transmits signals to the T lymphocyte on its own."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It has two sites of antigen recognition such as antibodies."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Performs effector functions mediated by its constant regions."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 160 | Th1 lymphocytes: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They produce interferon gamma (IFN-γ)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They mediate allergic diseases."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Activate mast cells"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They are very active against extracellular bacteria."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They recruit neutrophils at the sites of antigen recognition."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 161 | From a tissue to which oligomycin is added, it can be expected that: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Consume oxygen and produce ATP."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Do not consume oxygen and produce ATP."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Consume oxygen and do not produce ATP."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Increase the production of ATP."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Neither consume oxygen nor produce ATP."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 162 | The exergonic reactions of metabolism: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Consume free energy."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They are thermodynamically favorable."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They are always quick reactions."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They do not require the action of enzymes."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They have high values of activation energy."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 163 | Stimulates the separation of DNA strands during replication: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Primasa"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "DNA ligase."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The single chain DNA binding proteins."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Helicasa"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "DNA polymerase I."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 164 | It has been transcribed and it is also translated: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "mRNA."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "rRNA."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Introns"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "tRNA."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Promoter."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 165 | The promoter region of a gene is: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The place of completion of the transcript."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The binding site of RNA polymerase during the initiation of mRNA synthesis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The place of recognition to process primary transcripts."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A sequence located in the 5 'region of all mRNAs to initiate translation."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "A sequence that is eliminated during RNA splicing."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 166 | In the respiratory chain: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Ferrosulfurized proteins contain heme groups."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The heme groups are in carotenoids."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Cytochromes contain iron and sulfur groups."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Ubiquinones transport protons and electrons."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "All transporters carry two electrons."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 167 | It is an amino acid whose side chain contains an amine: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Lysine"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Glutamine"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Cysteine"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Serina"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "To the girl."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 168 | In the absence of oxygen, the mitochondrial citric acid cycle is inhibited because: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Increases the concentration of ADP, an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The phosphorylations at the substrate level can not be produced."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "No pyruvate available."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "ATP synthase is inhibited."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The necessary coenzymes can not be reoxidized."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 169 | Ketogenic amino acids: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They may contribute to the synthesis of glucose."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They are intermediaries of the urea cycle."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They are the substrate of reactions catalyzed by transketolase."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They can produce acetyl-coenzyme A."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They are eliminated in the form of ketoses."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 170 | The chemosmotic theory: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It was proposed by Singer and Nicholson."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Explains the mechanism of phosphorylation at the substrate level."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It requires that the membranes in which it forms are closed compartments."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It does not explain the synthesis of ATP in photosynthesis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It has nothing to do with redox reactions."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 171 | Gluconeogenesis is active in: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Brain and nervous tissue."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Liver and renal cortex."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Erythrocytes"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Testicles and renal medulla."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Skeletal muscle"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 172 | Creatine phosphate: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is a low-energy hydrolysis compound."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is a compound of energy storage in the kidney."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is formed from ornithine."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is a compound of energy storage in the muscle."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is formed from tyrosine."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 173 | The cause of phenylketonuria is a hereditary deficit of: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Homogentisate dioxygenase."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Tyrosine aminotransferase."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Phenylalanine hydroxylase."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Dihydropteridine oxidase."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Tryptophan dioxygenase."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 174 | Von Gierke's disease is an enzyme deficit: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Muscle glycogen phosphorylase."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Branching enzyme."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Hepatic glycogen phosphorylase."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Glucose 6-phosphatase."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Glycogen synthase."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 175 | For humans, the essential amino acids are: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "All proteins."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The non-protein."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The basic pH7."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Those that are not substrates of any transaminase."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Those who do not synthesize them."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 176 | It keeps the strands of the DNA duplex separated during replication: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Primasa"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "DNA ligase."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "SSB protein."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Helicasa"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "DNA Polymerase I."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 177 | In glycolysis: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Hexokinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to different hexoses."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Phosphofructokinase-1 catalyzes a reaction that provides ATP."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "All intermediates are phosphorylated compounds of six carbons."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It provides ATP, but it does not use it."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is a potent inhibitor."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 178 | Enzymatic regulation by reversible covalent modification: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It involves the breaking of the peptide bond."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It requires the action of another enzyme."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It always involves phosphorylation reaction."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It never affects allosteric enzymes."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The enzyme never comes in two forms."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 179 | Does not block the flow of electrons in oxidative phosphorylation: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Cyanide."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Antimycin A."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "CO."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "2,4-DNP."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Amital."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 180 | Glucagon and adrenaline have in common: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Activate the degradation of glycogen in liver and muscle."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Facilitate the entry of glucose into all cells of the body."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Activate the synthesis of fatty acids."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Always free yourself to the blood."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Activate glycolysis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 181 | In general, allosteric enzymes: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They join the effectors in the active center."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They form covalent bonds with their negative effectors."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They originate hyperbolic curves of speed versus substrate concentration."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They change their conformation when they join the effectors."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They are irreversibly modified when they are inhibited."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 182 | RNA polymerases are characterized by: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Begin RNA synthesis without the need for primers."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Synthesize RNA in the 3 '-> 5' direction."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "A lower error rate than DNA polymerases."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Incorporate ribonucleotides without the need for a mold."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Enter T instead of U."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 183 | Topoisomerases: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They modify the degree of DNA supercoiling."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They are a type of DNA polymerases."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They bind to the single-stranded DNA to prevent the double helix from forming."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They exhibit exonuclease activity."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They synthesize dNTPs."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 184 | Urea: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is transported to the liver for elimination."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is degraded to ammonium in the urea cycle."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is apolar and easily forms crystals."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is obtained from arginine."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It has two ketone groups and one amino group."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 185 | Each cycle of oxidation of fatty acids: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Consume two molecules of NADH."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It generates two molecules of FADH2."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It produces a dehydration."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Releases an acetyl-CoA."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Consume ATP."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 186 | ATP synthase: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It generates ATP by a mechanism of rotational catalysis."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It synthesizes ATP when electrons flow through it."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It presents an electron channel."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Consume ATP by hydrolysis coupled to electron transport."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 187 | In the stages of the citric acid cycle, it is required: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "NADP +."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "FAD."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Glucose."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "At least one transaminase."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 188 | The soluble globular proteins are characterized by: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Present aromatic and aliphatic amino acids on its surface."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Present an inner apolar core."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Being partially deployed giving rise to structures that are not very compact."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Present in its interior acidic and basic amino acids."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "A high degree of hydration inside."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_B | 2014 | biology | 189 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Catalyzes an oxidative decarboxylation."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is a monomeric enzyme of low molecular mass."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is located in the cytoplasm."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Catalyzes the production of ethanol."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Consume ATP."
}
] |
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