name
large_stringclasses 12
values | year
large_stringclasses 2
values | category
large_stringclasses 6
values | qid
int64 1
235
| qtext
large_stringlengths 5
1.24k
| ra
int64 1
5
| answers
large list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 27 | Question linked to image no. 14 A 68-year-old man consults for a loss of general condition in the form of asthenia and anorexia and loss of 12 Kg in the last three months. The physical examination only shows a thin patient and the lesion on the soles of the feet that can be seen in the figure. What do you think is the most likely diagnosis and / or most appropriate attitude? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "I would look for immune suppression factors, because the lesion seems to correspond to a Norwegian scabies."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The skin lesion looks like a callus in a physiological support area, so for now, I would not consider it related to the loss of the general state."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The lesion suggests a palmo-plantar form of psoriasis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It seems a form of diffuse seborrheic keratosis associated with age."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It suggests a paraneoplastic plantar keratoderma."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 28 | Question linked to image nº14 Suppose that the patient does not refer any family history of interest, has never taken illicit drugs or receives usual medical treatment. An analysis performed in a private mutual shows a microcytic and hypochromic anemia, a normal thyroid function, a serology for HIV negative and a determination of arsenic also negative. The chest x-ray is normal. To continue the study, numerous tests could be carried out. Which do you think could help us more at this time? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A bone marrow aspirate."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "A complete immunological study with ANA, ANCA and complement."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "I would not do more tests immediately and follow the clinical evolution for a month."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A fibrogastroscopy."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "A biopsy of the plantar lesion."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 29 | Question linked to the image nº15 Patient of 25 years of age transferred to the Rescue Box of the Emergency Service after traffic accident. At admission, he is hypotensive, tachycardic and tachypneic. Portable chest radiography shows right costal fractures from the fourth costal arch to the ninth and right pulmonary contusion image, and the pelvis is attached. What is the best behavior next? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Perform abdominal ultrasound in the emergency box."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Request a chest computed tomography."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Request pelvic angiography."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Request computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Immediately enter the patient in the intensive care unit."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 30 | Question linked to image # 15 While we are exploring this patient, he has a sudden worsening of his hemodynamic state and an increase in his tachypnea. Tracheal deviation to the left, distended jugular veins and absence of ventilation in the right hemithorax are observed. The most likely diagnosis is: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Progression of the right pulmonary contusion."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Expansive right cervical vascular injury."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Cardiac tamponade."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Right hemothorax"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Tension pneumothorax."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 31 | Question linked to image n ° 16 Patient of 84 years who presents an ulcerated tumor lesion that shows in the scalp of more than 20 years of evolution. No palpable locoregional adenopathies. Obviously the lesion must be biopsied for diagnostic confirmation but, a priori, which of the following diagnoses seems most likely? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Merkel cell tumor."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Basal cell carcinoma."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Squamous carcinoma"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Amelanotic malignant melanoma."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 32 | Question linked to image n ° 16 If the patient is treated surgically with adequate resection margins, what prognosis do you consider most likely? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Healing very likely, with moderate possibility of local recurrence and very remote possibility of distant metastasis."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Local recurrence with an approximate probability of 50%."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Probability of lymph node metastasis greater than 50%."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Probability of distant metastasis greater than 30%."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "In this case, surgical treatment should not be considered as the only therapeutic option."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 33 | Question linked to image nº17 You receive a biopsy of the duodenum of a 38-year-old woman with no other clinical information. What is the most likely diagnosis? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Intestinal lymphoma: infiltration of the lamina propria and the superficial epithelium by a monotonous lymphoid cell population."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease): intestinal villi atrophy, increased inflammatory infiltrate and intraepithelial lymphocytosis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Lymphangiectasias: dilatation of lymphatic vessels located in the lamina propria of the mucosa."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Whipple's disease: accumulations of macrophages of wide cytoplasm and microvacuolate in the lamina propria of the mucosa."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Giardiasis: presence of Giardia lamblia trophozoites on the intestinal surface."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 34 | Question linked to image nº17 According to the diagnosis issued in the previous question, what is the best therapeutic option? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Diet rich in proteins and low in fat."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Metronidazole"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Chemotherapy."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Gluten-free diet"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 35 | Which of the following statements is correct with respect to hepatic hemangiomas? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They can be associated with the KasabachMerritt syndrome (thrombocytopenia and consumption coagulopathy), especially giant hemangiomas."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Surgical exeresis should be indicated from the moment it is diagnosed if its diameter is greater than 3 cm."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Percutaneous embolization is the most recommended therapeutic option for this type of tumor."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The best method for its diagnostic confirmation is percutaneous biopsy of the liver lesion."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Hepatic MRI does not usually offer much help for its diagnostic characterization."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 36 | A 76-year-old woman came to the emergency room referring to pain in the right groin and vomiting for about 6 hours. On examination, a hard consistency tumor is palpable just below the line joining the anterosuperior iliac spine and the pubis (which corresponds to the location of the inguinal ligament). Most likely, it is one: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Direct inguinal hernia."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Spiegel hernia."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Indirect inguinal hernia."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Femoral hernia (crural)."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Obturator hernia"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 37 | An 80-year-old man with a history of hypertension, ischemic heart disease and COPD, who underwent a complete rectocolonoscopy due to rectal bleeding, with the following findings: polypoid lesion 3 cm in diameter located 10 cm from the anal margin, occupying the half of the circumference. Rest of exploration without findings until blind. In the polyp biopsy, an adenocarcinoma limited to the submucosa is seen. Endorectal ultrasound: uT1N0. Pelvic MRI: T1N0. TC: No evidence of disease at a distance. What will be the most likely therapeutic decision to be made in the Multidisciplinary Tumor Commission? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Abdominal-perineal rectum amputation."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and low anterior resection of the rectum by laparoscopy."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Transanal endoscopic microsurgery."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Anterior low resection of laparotomic rectus."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Anterior low resection of laparoscopic rectal route and adjuvant radiotherapy."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 38 | A colonoscopy of colorectal cancer screening is performed on a patient with ulcerative colitis with involvement up to the transverse colon. Colonoscopy shows no signs of inflammatory activity. Multiple biopsies were performed every 10 cm. The biopsies were reviewed by 2 expert pathologists demonstrating a focus of high grade dysplasia in one of the biopsies performed in the sigmoid colon. What would you indicate next? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Repeat the colonoscopy to confirm the diagnosis."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Intensive surveillance with colonoscopy every 3 to 6 months."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Repeat the examination and perform a chromoendoscopy to identify the lesion and perform an endoscopic mucosectomy."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Total proctocolectomy."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Treatment with mesalazine at doses of 2-3 grams per day and repeat the scan at 3 to 6 months."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 39 | Regarding gastroesophageal reflux disease, which of the following statements is true? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The intensity and frequency of heartburn has little relationship with the presence and severity of endoscopic esophagitis."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Most patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease have esophagitis at endoscopy."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Treatment with proton pump inhibitors usually achieves good control of symptoms but is not superior to placebo in the endoscopic cure of esophagitis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Barrett's esophagus can progress to low-grade epithelial dysplasia, high-grade epithelial dysplasia, and finally squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Endoscopic screening and surveillance programs have unequivocally shown to be able to reduce mortality in patients with Barrett's esophagus."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 40 | In which of these patients would the appropriate surgical treatment be the performance of an atypical wedge gastrectomy by laparoscopy without extended lymphadenectomy? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Infiltrating and ulcerated gastric adenocarcinoma at the antro-pylorus level."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Subcardial infiltrating gastric adenocarcinoma."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Gastrointestinal stromal tumor at the level of the gastric body-greater curvature."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Lymphoma MALT."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Barrett's esophagus with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 41 | A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a stable hemodynamic situation. A gastroscopy is performed that reports: "Ulcerated lesion on the posterior aspect of the duodenal bulb with non-pulsatile active hemorrhage. Forrest Ib. Endoscopic sclerosis with adrenaline is practiced, achieving hemostasis ". Point out the correct statement: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The lesion described has a low risk of hemorrhagic recurrence."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "In case of hemorrhagic recurrence, surgical intervention is essential."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The gastroduodenal artery may be affected by the location of the lesion."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The description and location of the ulcer suggest a Dieulafoy lesion."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "In the case of surgical intervention, the practice of a truncal vagotomy is mandatory."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 42 | A 25-year-old man consults for jaundice. He practices bodybuilding and has injected anabolic steroids substitutes for 17alkalkyl, three weeks before. For a tonsillitis he had taken amoxicillin-clavulanic acid which he removed 15 days ago. Analytical: AST 1200 IU / L (normal upper limit, lsn 40), ALT 1300 IU / L (lsn 40), GGT 150 IU / L (lsn 50), alkaline phosphatase 180 IU / L (lsn 105), total bililrubin 4 , 8 mg / dL with direct bilirubin predominance. Serology of virus B: Anti-HBs and Anti-HBc positive. Ultrasound suggests grade I steatosis. What is the most likely diagnosis? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Hepatitis by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Anabolic steroid hepatitis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Acute hepatitis B virus"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Cholestasis due to drugs."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 43 | A 66-year-old man, previously diagnosed with liver cirrhosis of alcoholic etiology, is brought to the Emergency Department due to an increase in the abdominal perimeter and temporo-spatial disorientation. On physical examination, there is evidence of ascites and "flapping tremor" or asterixis. Which of the following explorations should be done as a matter of urgency? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A cranial computed tomography to rule out a cerebrovascular accident."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "An abdominal ultrasound to confirm the presence of ascites."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "An exploratory paracentesis to rule out a spontaneous bacterial peritonitis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "An electroencephalogram to confirm the existence of hepatic encephalopathy."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "An abdominal computed tomography to rule out a hepatocellular carcinoma."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 44 | The recommended antibiotic treatment for acute diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile is: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Administer vancomycin orally."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Administer vancomycin intravenously."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Administer ciprofloxacin orally."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Administer metronidazole orally."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Administer rifaximin orally."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 45 | In the process of defecation is TRUE: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "When the feces penetrate the rectal ampulla, relaxation of the internal anal sphincter occurs consciously."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "When the feces penetrate the rectal ampulla, the external anal sphincter relaxes unconsciously."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The external anal sphincter is controlled by nerve fibers of the pudendal nerve, part of the somatic nervous system, and therefore under voluntary conscious control."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The propulsive movements of the colon under normal conditions require one hour to move the chyme through the entire colon from the ileocal valve."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "During defecation the contraction of the floor of the pelvis occurs."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 46 | In relation to intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas, point out the WRONG statement: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They are potentially malignant tumors."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Its frequency has increased notably in the last decade."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Three subtypes are distinguished: main conduit, secondary conduit and mixed conduit."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They should be excised as soon as they are diagnosed, except the main duct variety."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Its first clinical manifestation can be a picture of acute pancreatitis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 47 | A 49-year-old woman came to the emergency room due to shivering, fever of 39ºC, pain in the right hypochondrium, jaundice and vomiting. The scan reveals TA 100/50 mmHg. FC 110 lpm. Prostration and pain on palpation in the right quadrant, with positive Murphy. The analytical sample shows leukocytosis with left deviation and abdominal ultrasound, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis and dilation of the extrahepatic bile duct. Empirical treatment is started with antibiotic and fluid therapy. What is the most effective procedure to perform next? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Maintain antibiotic treatment and support measures with posterior regulated cholecystectomy."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Laparoscopic cholecystectomy."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Placement of an external biliary drainage."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Urgent cholecystectomy with cannulation of the common bile duct."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 48 | A 60-year-old woman, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension, consults for palpitations of weeks of evolution. Provides an electrocardiogram performed a week ago in which he is in atrial fibrillation with an average ventricular rate of 70 beats / min. In the physical examination and in a new electrocardiogram performed in consultation is in sinus rhythm. Is it necessary to anticoagulate it chronically? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is not necessary to anticoagulate because it has a paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and is not currently in atrial fibrillation."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is not necessary to anticoagulate because it is less than 75 years old and has not had a previous stroke."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "You must be chronically anticoagulated because you have a CHADS of 2 and a CHADS-VASc of 3."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Anticoagulation is not necessary, but antiaggregation with acetylsalicylic acid may be prescribed."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Must be anticoagulated only with subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin when in atrial fibrillation."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 49 | A 32-year-old man with no history of interest or cardiovascular risk factors. Clinic of dyspnea when climbing a floor of stairs of 1 month of evolution. Consultation due to sudden syncope preceded by exertion. Family history of death not explained abruptly in his brother. On physical examination, a more audible rumen systolic murmur with aortic focus is highlighted. The electrocardiogram performed in the consultation shows a sinus rhythm with a compatible pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy. An echocardiogram was performed to document an important asymmetric hypertrophy of the interventricular septum with a subvalvular dynamic gradient of 70 mmHg with moderate secondary mitral regurgitation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Which therapeutic option is the LESS indicated? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Beta-blockers."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Digoxin"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Calcium-non-dihydropyridine antagonists."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Implantable automatic defibrillator."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Surgical septal myomectomy of Morrow."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 50 | A 65-year-old man, smoker and diabetic, is brought to the Emergency Department for presenting an oppressive, deep-throating sweat for about an hour. In the ECG performed, sinus rhythm was observed at 80 bpm and a complete block of the left branch. What should our attitude be? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Perform an analytical determination of troponin and wait for its result to confirm the presence of an acute myocardial infarction."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Treat the patient as if it were an infarction with ST-segment elevation, proposing a reperfusion therapy as early as possible."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "To implant a transcutaneous pacemaker before the possibility of developing a more advanced block."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Perform an urgent CT to rule out the presence of an acute pulmonary embolism."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "As it could be an acute pericarditis, we will administer NSAIDs."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 51 | A patient goes to the hospital for a myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation. Upon arrival, he is hypotensive, presents crackles and a systolic murmur is heard 3/6. What is your diagnostic suspicion? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Cardiogenic shock."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Rupture of free wall of left ventricle."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Acute mitral failure due to papillary muscle rupture."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Cardiac tamponade."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Thrombosis of the common trunk."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 52 | The interventions that contribute to success after a cardiac arrest that occurred in the street are called "survival chain". Which of the following options make up the proper order of its links? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Immediate defibrillation. Ask for help. Life support maneuvers. Post-resuscitation care"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Open the airway. Ask for help. Defibrillation Post-resuscitation care."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Immediate thoracic compressions. Defibrillation and request for help. Post-resuscitation care."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Word of mouth ventilation Intermittent chest compressions. Defibrillation Ask for help. Post-resuscitation care."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Early recognition and ask for help. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Early defibrillation. Post-resuscitation care"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 53 | Man of 55 years, obese, dyslipidemic and active smoker. In study for refractory hypertension without evidence of cardiac or renal damage so far. He refers to morning headache with daytime hypersomnia. ABPM was performed (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 24 hours) and arterial hypertension was confirmed despite 3 drugs, one of them diuretic, with higher nighttime blood pressures than daytime blood pressure. What diagnostic test would you request next with your clinical suspicion? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Determination of catecholamines in urine 24h."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Hormonal determination of renin-aldosterone."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Night polysomnography."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Doppler ultrasound"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "CT aorta."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 54 | One of the following statements about the epidemiology and prognosis of heart failure is INCORRECT. Point it out | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Between 60 and 70% of patients die in the first 5 years after establishing the diagnosis of heart failure."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The functional situation of the patient with heart failure is the one that best correlates with the expectation of survival."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Diastolic dysfunction predominates in elderly women with a history of chronic hypertension."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Heart failure due to systolic dysfunction is usually observed in male patients with ischemic heart disease."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The prevalence of heart failure is decreasing in the last decade thanks to better control of cardiovascular risk factors."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 55 | Patient of 79 years, hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, diabetic and with COPD in treatment with inhaled anticholinergics. He presents chronic atrial fibrillation on anticoagulant treatment with dicumarin. After a 3-day cough, yellow sputum and fever of 38 ° C, presented in the last 24 h progressive worsening with dyspnea of effort, orthopnea and malleolar edema. The examination included a TA of 170/95 mmHg, dyspnea with a respiratory rate of 20 rpm and auscultation with bilateral wheezing and crackling in bases. Tachyarrhythmia at 110 bpm. Discrete malleolar edemas. What is the approach to follow? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The patient probably has pneumonia and the priority is to perform a chest X-ray to confirm it."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is probably an exacerbation of your COPD due to respiratory overinfection. Reinforce the basic treatment with an inhaled beta-2, corticoids and antibiotics and monitor evolution."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "You probably have a component of left heart failure associated with a febrile respiratory infection. It would be a priority to treat it with vasodilators and diuretics in addition to the treatment that corresponds to their respiratory infection, bronchodilators, etc."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The patient is not classified for the severity of his COPD, which would indicate an immediate spirometry to adjust the treatment to the severity of the obstruction. It would also associate an antibiotic given the apparent picture of respiratory overinfection."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "An echocardiogram would be the first exploration to be performed to rule out a possible component of heart failure associated with the exacerbated COPD episode presented by the patient."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 56 | The volume overload of the left ventricle appears in: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Stenosis of heart valves."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Coarctation of the aorta."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Resting angina."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The insufficiencies of the heart valves."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Rheumatic fever."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 57 | What is the most frequent etiology of aortic stenosis in adults? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Rheumatic"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Congenital"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Degenerative or calcified"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Post endocarditis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Ischemic"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 58 | In a patient with asthma symptoms, diagnostic confirmation of the disease will be made first by: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The finding of a reversible obstruction of air flow in spirometry."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "A positive allergic skin test."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "An increase in the number of eosinophils in the induced sputum."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The elevation of nitric oxide in exhaled air (FENO)."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The presence of a specific IgE in blood to an aeroallergen."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 59 | The surgical treatment of COPD, or lung volume reduction surgery, is currently a therapeutic weapon more within the multidisciplinary treatment of it. Which of the following statements is correct? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The indication for surgical treatment will be in those patients who have moderate / severe congestive heart failure at the same time."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The presence of a pulmonary artery systolic pressure lower than 45 is an absolute contraindication."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "COPD with emphysematous predominance in lower and middle lobes associated with pleural pathology is associated with better results."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The presence of a diffuse distribution of emphysema with FEV1> 20% and DLCO <20% are indicators of good prognosis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Pre-surgical rehabilitation along with the distribution of emphysema in the upper lobes and the ability to perform postoperative physical exercise makes the results of the surgery beneficial."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 60 | Regarding the treatment of patients with COPD, point out the FALSE answer: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The regular use of ipratropium bromide has been associated with a decrease in mortality."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "In a patient with arterial oxygen saturation of less than 90% and signs of pulmonary hypertension, the use of supplemental oxygen should be considered."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The regular use of inhaled corticosteroids does not influence the rate of deterioration of lung function."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists provide symptomatic benefits similar to those of ipratropium bromide."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "In patients hospitalized for exacerbation, corticosteroid therapy has been shown to shorten hospitalization time."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 61 | 73-year-old man, ex-smoker, history of hypertension, grade II obesity, type 2 diabetes and severe COPD with chronic home oxygen therapy. He went to the Emergency Department due to a progressive increase in his habitual dyspnea, purulent expectoration and a temperature of 37.9ºC in 4 days of evolution. His family doctor had prescribed moxifloxacin, paracetamol, deflazacort, aerosol therapy and increased oxygen flow 2 days before. On physical examination the patient is in regular general condition, conscious, sleep tendency, tachypneic at 28 rpm and utilization of accessory muscles, temperature 38.2ºC, oxygen saturation of 87%, TA 115/62 mmHg, heart rate 110 lpm; vesicular murmur diminished globally, wheezing and scattered rhonchi and moist crepitations in bases. The analyte highlights 16,500 / uL leukocytes with 14,900 neutrophils, hemoglobin 14 g / dL, glucose 240 mg / dL, urea 56 mg / dL, creatinine 1.3 mg / dL, Na 133 mEq / L, K 3.7 mEq / L. In the ECG, sinus tachycardia was observed. The arterial blood gases show: pH 7.29, pCO2 64 mmHg, pO2 59 mmHg, HCO3 28 mg / dL. The chest radiograph shows no condensation or pleural effusion. Which of the following clinical management options would you establish in the first place? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Start treatment with intravenous diuretics, oxygen with a high-flow 50% mask and continue with the rest of the prescribed treatment."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Start treatment with salbutamol and steroid sprays, add a cephalosporin to the antibiotic treatment, intensify oxygen therapy in nasal glasses at 4 liters per minute and maintain deflazacort."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Start treatment of acidosis with 1M bicarbonate, correct hyperglycemia, maintain antibiotic treatment and prescribe steroids plus intravenous diuretics."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Given the patient's serious situation, orotracheal intubation would be carried out prior to preparation (pre-oxygenation and premedication) and to notify Intensive Care Medicine."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Start treatment with non-invasive mechanical ventilation (two-level positive pressure mode), prescribe salbutamol aerosols and intravenous steroids and maintain intravenous antibiotic treatment."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 62 | A 58-year-old woman attended the consultation due to dyspnea of medium effort, muscle weakness in the upper extremities and dysphagia to solids of three months of evolution. Physical examination revealed a loss of strength in the upper limbs with preserved sensitivity. Pulmonary auscultation shows generalized hypophisis. A chest x-ray is performed, showing uninspired lungs and laminar atelectasis in the lung bases. Gasometry shows pH 7.39, PCO2 48 mmHg, PO2 63 mmHg, HCO3 28 mmol / L, SatO2 93%. The combination of physiological mechanisms that best explain this gasometry is: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Decrease in FiO2 (inspired fraction of oxygen) and alteration of diffusion."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Alteration of diffusion and disturbance of the ventilation / perfusion relationship."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Alveolar hypoventilation and decrease in FiO2."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Disorder of the ventilation / perfusion relationship and alveolar hypoventilation."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Increased pulmonary artery pressure and decreased diffusion."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 63 | A 70-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea and a non-productive cough several years old. In chest X-ray, pleural plaques are seen in the mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleura. On CT, these plaques are confirmed, also appreciating the presence of reticulonodulillar involvement predominantly in lower fields. Among the following, what attitude would you recommend in the first place? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Complete your smoking history."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Inquire about occupational exposure."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Request blood tests to rule out eosinophilia."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Do complete respiratory functional tests."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Propose a transbronchial biopsy."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 64 | The practice of posteroanterior chest x-ray in forced expiration is very useful for the diagnosis of: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Loculated pleural effusion."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Pneumothorax minimum."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Hemothorax"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Pulmonary atelectasis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Pericarditis"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 65 | A 38-year-old man went to the emergency room for progressive dyspnea and dry cough of a week of evolution. He does not have a history of interest. The vital signs are: temperature 37.8ºC, blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, heart rate 105 bpm and respiratory rate 30 rpm. In the respiratory exploration, percussion dullness, diminution of tactile (vocal) thrill, and diminution of respiratory noises at the base of the right hemithorax stand out. The rest of the physical examination is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Pleural effusion"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Lobar pneumonia"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Acute bronchitis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Pulmonary tuberculosis"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Pneumothorax."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 66 | A 68-year-old patient has a tumor mass diagnosed of small cell lung carcinoma in the right main bronchus at 1 cm from the tracheal carina. Mediastinoscopy shows contralateral adenopathies that are positive. The recommended treatment would be: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Chemotherapy with right pneumonectomy."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Surgery and subsequent radiotherapy of all affected ganglion chains."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Right pneumonectomy and posterior chemotherapy."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Chemotherapy and radiotherapy."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Radiotherapy."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 67 | A patient reporting chest and cervicobrachial pain. Physical examination reveals miosis and unilateral enophthalmos. Chest X-ray shows opacity at the apex and erosion of the first ribs. What is your diagnosis? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Pancoast tumor."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Mediastinal tumor."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Localized pleural mesothelioma."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Bronchioloalveolar tumor."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Small cell lung cancer with brain metastases."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 68 | A 24-year-old woman with two weekly episodes of headache lasting between one and three days, hemicranial, intense, accompanied by sono and photophobia and nausea. As a preventive treatment, I would NOT consider one of these drugs: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Propranolol"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Flunarizine"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Carbamazepine"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Topiramate."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Nadolol"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 69 | A 30-year-old woman, previously healthy, presents a picture of right facial weakness in the course of about 20 hours, so she can not close her right eye and her mouth has been twisted. Refers to see double with the right lateral gaze. Which of the following diagnostic possibilities seems most likely? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Bell's palsy"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (herpetic facial paralysis)."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Sarcoidosis"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Left sylvian infarction with involvement of the rolandic operculum."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Protuberant involvement due to an outbreak of multiple sclerosis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 70 | 50-year-old man, mechanic, consulted for a two-year evolution of difficulty in handling the right hand and a feeling of stiffness in the arm. His wife notices his expressionless face and reports that he has very vivid nightmares that wake him up agitated. During the examination, rigidity was observed in the right limbs and slow walking without right arm. What is the most likely diagnosis? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Left thalamic lacunar infarct."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Parkinson's disease"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Cervical plexopathy"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Corticobasal degeneration."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 71 | A 7-year-old boy presents a subacute picture of cerebellar ataxia and intracranial hypertension. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates an expansive lesion in the cerebellar vérmix that captures contrast and obstructs the fourth ventricle. The most likely diagnosis is: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Meningioma"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Cerebellar metastasis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Glioblastoma multiforme."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Medulloblastoma"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Lymphoma"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 72 | Patient of 70 years with the only antecedent of being ex-alcoholic for 3 years and diagnosed with atrophic gastritis. Consultation for a 4-month evolution that began with distal and symmetrical paresthesias in the lower limbs and progressively added gait difficulty, this being impossible without help, and confusional episodes of paroxysmal presentation. On neurological examination, the cranial nerves are normal, have a slight bradypsychia, failures in deep sensation in four limbs, pseudo-dystonic attitude in the upper limbs, finger-nose dysmetria and bilateral knee heel with closed eyes, extenuated osteotendinous reflexes, bilateral Babinski and distal paresis in upper limbs. Point out the correct answer: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Perform a blood count and determination of B12 when funicular myelosis is suspected."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Perform an MRI looking for atrophy of vermis and cerebellar foliae before the high suspicion of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Initially, 100 mg of intravenous thiamine should be administered because of suspicion of Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The first thing to do would be a determination of natremia to rule out a central pontine myelinolysis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Perform an electromyographic study when there is a high suspicion of primary lateral sclerosis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 73 | A 52-year-old male presents with acute form a confusional syndrome, paresis of both external ocular rectus muscles and gait ataxia. | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Hyperglycemic encephalopathy."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Korsakoff encephalopathy."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Cerebellar infarction."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Administer thiamin immediately."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Lead poisoning."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 74 | A 24-year-old student who, after three weeks of a cold in the upper respiratory tract, visited the doctor for a sensation of numbness in his hands and loss of limb strength in recent days. The picture was preceded by low back pain. In the exploration, it stands out, decrease of asymmetric muscular force in upper and lower extremities, loss of osteotendinous reflexes. In this patient the most likely diagnosis is: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Myasthenia gravis."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "First outbreak of multiple sclerosis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Dermatomyositis"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 75 | A 68-year-old man with a history of diabetes of 20 years of evolution, hypertension and prostatism in treatment, consulted for repeated episodes of syncope. The episodes have occurred while standing, after meals and have been preceded by an oppressive pain in the nape, neck and shoulder girdle. Which of these complementary tests is essential? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Brain and cervical MRI."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Angio-MR of the supra-aortic trunks."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Nuclear medicine study of cerebral dopamine transporter (SPECT with ioflupane)."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Measurement of blood pressure in decubitus and standing."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "24-hour Holter record of the electrocardiogram."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 76 | Which of the following symptoms is NOT present in the Wallemberg syndrome, usually produced by ischemia of the dorsal-lateral region of the bulb? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Diffuse"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Dysphagia"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Piramidalism"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Ataxia."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Horner syndrome."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 77 | In relation to Hereditary Spherocytosis it is true that: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is a congenital hemolytic anemia of inheritance linked to the X chromosome that causes severe anemia."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is characterized by a decrease in osmotic fragility."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It manifests as episodes of acute medication anemia."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Splenectomy is the treatment of choice when it is symptomatic."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is rarely associated with cholelithiasis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 78 | A 45-year-old patient who went to the emergency room for general malaise, headache and progressive tiredness in recent weeks. On physical examination, a slight icteric dye of the skin and mucous membranes was detected and a 2-cm splenomegaly was felt under the costal margin. The analytical presents hemoglobin 8.6 g / dL, VCM 100 fL. The number of reticulocytes is high and anisopoikilocytosis is observed in the blood smear. In the biochemistry highlights LDH 1300 IU / L, bilirubin 2.2 mg / dL and undetectable haptoglobin. Which test is the most appropriate to guide the diagnosis of the patient? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Fecal occult blood test."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Test of Coombs."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Determination of iron, cobalamin and folic acid."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Abdominal ultrasound."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Bone marrow aspirate."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 79 | 35-year-old woman on hormonal treatment for infertility. He went to the emergency department due to constitutional syndrome and paresthesias in the left side of the body. In blood tests, Hb 7.5 g / dL, reticulocytes 10% (0.52%), platelets 5,000 / uL, normal leukocytes, LDH 1,200 IU / L, direct negative Coombs test, undetectable haptoglobin are detected. Morphology of peripheral blood with abundant schistocytes. Normal coagulation tests. What is the diagnostic suspicion and the most appropriate treatment? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Start steroids."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Von Willebrand disease. Administration of desmopressin."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Thrombocytopenic purpura. Start steroids and platelet transfusion."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Evans syndrome. Start steroids."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Treatment with plasmapheresis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 80 | A 70-year-old man should undergo cataract extraction surgery. He has a mitral mechanical prosthesis for 10 years and is being treated with acenocoumarol. The electrocardiogram shows a sinus rhythm. Which of the following recommendations do you find most appropriate? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Perform eye surgery without stopping acenocoumarol."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Suspend acenocoumarol 5 days before surgery and restart it the day after it."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Suspend acenocoumarol 5 days before surgery, start low molecular weight heparin 3 days before surgery and suspend it 24 hours before surgery."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Suspend acenocoumarol 1 day before the intervention and use fresh frozen plasma during it."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Suspend acenocoumarol 1 day before the intervention and give vitamin K just before it."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 81 | A 29-year-old woman with a history of abundant rules and long-standing iron-deficiency anemia who have required treatment with ferrotherapy since she was 17 years old. Consult because after a tooth extraction you have hemorrhage that has required local hemostatic treatment. He relates that a maternal aunt presents frequent epistaxis. In analytical presents: 8000 leukocytes / uL, Hb 10.7 g / dL, VCM 76 fL, 380,000 platelets / uL; the biochemistry is normal. Prothrombin activity 90%; INR 0.9; Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) 48 sec (39 sec) with an APTT ratio of 1.3 and fibrinogen derivative 340 mg / dL. What is the most likely diagnostic suspicion and how would it confirm it? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Hemophilia A and mixtures test."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Lupus anticoagulant and ANAS study."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Sideroblastic anemia and spinal aspiration."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Congenital thrombocytopathy and study of platelet aggregation."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Von Willebrand disease and determination of factor vW."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 82 | Which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to multiple myeloma? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The cytogenetics and serum levels of albumin and beta2-microglobulin are important data for the prognosis."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Bortezomib, thalidomide, lenalidomide and polychemotherapy are very useful therapeutic tools."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Autogenic transplantation of hematopoietic progenitors provides a long progression-free survival."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Allogeneic transplantation should be considered an experimental procedure (of unproven efficacy)."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Radiation therapy has no role in the treatment of the disease or its complications."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 83 | Patient of 74 years of age, asymptomatic, who in a routine analysis presents platelets 40,000 platelets / μL, the remainder being the normal blood cell count and the complete normal biochemistry. Point out the correct answer: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The most likely diagnosis is an Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and steroid treatment should be started as soon as possible."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is a serious thrombocytopenia with a high risk of spontaneous bleeding."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "A peripheral blood smear should be performed to rule out pseudotrombocytopenia or spurious thrombocytopenia before further measurements are made."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The most probable diagnosis is that of a myelodysplastic syndrome, so the initial test to be performed would be a bone marrow study."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "An initial study should be performed with viral serologies, autoimmunity study and abdominal ultrasound. If all these tests were normal, the study should be completed with a peripheral blood smear."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 84 | Pruritus is a typical manifestation of all the following diseases, except: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Hodgkin lymphoma."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Polycythemia vera."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Mycosis fungoides"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Systemic mastocytosis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Acute myeloblastic leukemia."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 85 | A 34-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital for pulmonary embolism confirmed by angio-CT. He has no history of recent surgery, trauma or travel. He refers to Raynaud's phenomenon for 2 years, and the previous year he had an abortion at 12 weeks of gestation. He has no family history of venous thromboembolic disease. The activated partial thromboplastin time is 56 sg (normal 25-35 sg) and the platelet count is 120000 / uL. Which of the following diagnostic tests would help you most in the diagnosis? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Antithrombin III."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Lupus anticoagulant."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Factor V of Leiden."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Protein C."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Protein S."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 86 | Patient with diabetes mellitus, weight loss, anemia and necrolytic migraine erythema. The most likely diagnosis is: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Somatostatinoma."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Insulinoma"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Vipoma"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Gastrinoma"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Glucagonoma"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 87 | A 78-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. She has a history of deep vein thrombosis 5 years ago, high blood pressure, depression and generalized anxiety. Take hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, citalopram and aspirin. Live alone in sheltered apartments. Eat little, typically coffee and toast for breakfast, fruit and half a sandwich to eat and salad for dinner. Walk 1.5 km daily. It measures 152 cm and weighs 39 Kg. The blood pressure is 130/80 mmHg and the heart rate is 82 bpm. Laboratory tests included basal glycemia of 147 mg / dL (1 month ago it was 152 mg / dL), creatinine 1.0 mg / dL (estimated glomerular filtration rate 28 ml / min), urea 32 mg / dL and glycosylated hemoglobin 9 ,5%. Which of the following is the best initial treatment for diabetes? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Insulin glargine subcutaneous 8 U per day."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Oral metformin at a dose of 850 mg every 12 hours."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Oral Glibenclamide 10 mg daily."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It does not need pharmacological treatment, only diet."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Pioglitazone 15 mg daily."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 88 | Metformin is recommended as initial treatment in most consensus of treatment of type 2 diabetes, for efficacy, safety and price; However, its use has some limitations and it is obligatory to suspend it in some clinical situations. In which of the following situations would you NOT consider stopping this treatment? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Introduction of long-acting insulin analogue due to poor metabolic control."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Alcohol intake greater than 50 g / day as usual."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "CT scan with intravenous contrast."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Diarrheic picture with elevated plasma Cr at 2.5 mg / dL."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Acute ischemia of the lower extremities with significant tissue hypoxia."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 89 | In relation to the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, which of the following statements is NOT correct? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Regarding LDL cholesterol, the therapeutic objective depends on the global cardiovascular risk."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Type 2 diabetic patients should be considered at high cardiovascular risk and the objective in terms of LDL cholesterol should be <100 mg / dL."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "There is not enough evidence that low levels of HDL cholesterol suppose a cardiovascular risk factor."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The important thing about the risk associated with hypertension is that it improves when blood pressure is reduced regardless of the type of drug used."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The existence of coronary disease in the family is a risk factor for the patient."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 90 | A 24-year-old man with hypogonadism of hypothalamic origin secondary to operated craniopharyngioma, undergoing intramuscular treatment with testosterone undecanoate every 12 weeks, which is referred to us from another center for follow-up. The patient interrogates us in the initial visit about the follow-up of his basic pathology, possible adverse events of the hormonal treatment and probabilities of having offspring in the future. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Serum testosterone levels should be measured just before each subsequent injection."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The goal of treatment is to maintain serum testosterone concentrations in the normal range of normality."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is indicated to check the hematocrit on an annual basis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Treatment with intramuscular testosterone for a prolonged period will increase the chances of conception with your partner."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The treatment with testosterone does not require the monitoring of luteinizing hormone concentrations."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 91 | A 25-year-old man with no personal or family history of interest, who enters Neurosurgery due to a cranial fracture due to a motorcycle accident. Three days later it begins abruptly with polyuria, polydipsia and intense thirst both during the day and at night. In the study conducted, a urinary volume of 7 liters with urinary osmolarity of 190 mOsm / L (90-1200) and plasma osmolarity of 292 mOsm / L (275-295) was observed. The plasma Na is 143 mmol / L. A water restriction test is performed and after checking that there is no increase in urinary osmolarity, a dose of 2 micrograms of desmopressin subcutaneously is administered. The posterior urinary osmolality is 410 mOsm / kg. What is the most likely diagnosis? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Primary polydipsia."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Central diabetes insipidus."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Acute adrenal insufficiency."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "SIADH."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Nephrogenic insipid diabetes."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 92 | Of the following statements, one is NOT a trigger for abdominopsychoneurological crises in acute porphyria. Indicate which: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The enzymatic hepatic inducer drugs."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The infections"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A restrictive diet in proteins."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The protease inhibitors used in HIV infection."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 93 | The gluten-free diet is the cornerstone in the treatment of celiac disease. In this regard, there are numerous products manufactured with an uncertain composition in terms of gluten, often being misleading labeling. Of the following food groups, which one can we consider completely safe in the diet of a celiac patient? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Canned meat: Hamburgers, meatballs."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Milk and derivatives: yogurt, cheese, cream, curd."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Sauces, condiments and food additives."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Integral pasta: noodles, macaroni, noodles."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Delicatessen products, sausages, pâtés."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 94 | Regarding the loss of bone mass in patients treated with glucocorticoids, what statement do you consider correct? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "If the dose of prednisone received by the patient is less than 15 mg per day, for a time less than 6 months, it is not a real problem and no preventive measure should be taken."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Thiazides have been shown to reduce the risk of fractures, both in the hip and in the spine, in patients treated with glucocorticoids. Therefore, its use should be recommended in these patients as a preventive measure."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is recommended to perform a bone densitometry after the first year of treatment with glucocorticoids, since before there is no loss of bone mass."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "All patients treated with glucocorticoids should receive an adequate supply of calcium and vitamin D, which can come from the diet or from pharmacological supplements."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The loss of bone mass is observed, especially in the hip, so the densitometry of the spine has no use in its assessment."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 95 | A 33-year-old woman with a loss of 6 kg in the last 4 months, asthenia and anorexia. Amenorrhea for 2 months. The hormonal results indicate a basal cortisol serum concentration of 108 nmol / l (baseline normal value 115-550) and 123 nmol / l after stimulation with ACTH. The baseline plasma concentration of ACTH is 48 pmol / l (normal value: 2-12). What is the most likely diagnosis? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Primary adrenal insufficiency."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Secondary adrenal insufficiency."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Tertiary adrenal insufficiency due to hypothalamic lesion."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "ACTH-producing pituitary tumor (corticotropinoma)."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "More tests should be done since the diagnosis is inconclusive."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 96 | Which of the following clinical pictures is compatible with the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A 38-year-old woman with a 2-week history of thyroid pain, elevated T4 and T3, low TSH, and increased technetium uptake on the scan."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "A 42-year-old man with a history of pain in the thyroid gland 4 months ago, fatigue, general malaise, low concentrations of free T4 and high TSH levels."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "A 31-year-old woman with enlarged thyroid gland, painless on palpation, low TSH, high free T4 and T3, and increased technetium uptake on scintigraphy."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A 30-year-old woman under treatment with oral contraceptives, with discomfort in the neck and palpable thyroid nodule that behaves as a solid on ultrasound. Increase in total T4 with normal TSH."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "A 46-year-old man who consulted due to fatigue during the last 3 months. In the analytical, low concentrations of free T4 and T3 and TSH were observed."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 97 | Which statement regarding the substitution treatment with L-thyroxine in a patient with hypothyroidism is correct? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Thyroid function will be determined 48 hours after its initiation to assess efficacy."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "In elderly patients and in order to improve symptomatology quickly, treatment with L-T4 is started at a dose of 150-200 micrograms per day."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "In pregnancy, thyroid hormone requirements usually increase by about 50 micrograms per day, over the previous dose."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The medication should be taken in the middle of meals."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is advisable to administer a gastric protector simultaneously to avoid gastritis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 98 | Which of the following statements is INCORRECT in relation to the alterations of the acid-base balance? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The arterial pH is regulated by the Henderson-Hasselbach equation and is 7.35-7.45."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Hypercapnia (increase in PaCO2) is a consequence of the increase in CO2 production."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Metabolic acidosis occurs due to increased endogenous acid production, acid accumulation and / or loss of bicarbonates."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "In patients with lactic acidosis it is common to find an anion gap or difference greater than 12 mmol / L."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The use of alkalizing solutions should be reserved for cases of severe acidemia with ph <7.20."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 99 | A 47-year-old man consulted for edema in lower limbs of 3 weeks of evolution. In blood analysis, creatinine 1.3 mg / dL, total cholesterol 270 mg / dL and albumin 2.4 g / dL. In the urine sediment, it presents 15-20 red cells per field and in urine of 24 hours proteinuria is detected 3.7 g / day. What is the most likely diagnosis? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Minimal change disease."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Membranous nephropathy"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 100 | A 68-year-old woman diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment with Isoniacid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol was started. At 12 days after the start of treatment, he consulted for fever of 38ºC, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, lumbar pain, oliguria and eosinophilia with acute deterioration of renal function. The urine test revealed hematuria, leukocyturia with eosinophiluria in Wright's stain and non-nephrotic proteinuria (1.2 grams daily). With these clinical data the most likely diagnosis is: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Acute tubular necrosis due to drug nephrotoxicity."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Acute tubular necrosis of ischemic etiology."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Ateroembolic disease."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Thrombotic occlusion of the main renal artery."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 101 | In which of the following types of glomerulonephritis is there a greater indication of IECAS or ARA-II as antiproteinuric therapy? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Segmental and focal glomerulosclerosis secondary to hyperfiltration."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Extracapillary glomerulonephritis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Glomerulonephritis due to minimal changes."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 102 | Which of the following clinical situations carries a greater risk of progression of chronic kidney disease and would require more strict control by the nephrologist? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Diabetic patient with a glomerular filtration rate of 46 mL / min and a urine albumin / creatinine ratio of 25 mg / g."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Diabetic patient with a glomerular filtration rate of 89 mL / min and urine albumin / creatinine ratio of 475 mg / g."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Hypertensive patient with glomerular filtration rate of 65 mL / min and urine albumin / creatinine ratio of 150 mg / g."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A 70-year-old hypertensive patient with 1 simple cyst in each kidney, a glomerular filtration rate of 35 mL / min and an albumin / creatinine ratio in urine of 10 mg / g."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "An 87-year-old hypertensive patient with a glomerular filtration rate of 30 mL / min and a urine albumin / creatinine ratio of 5 mg / g."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 103 | Chronic interstitial nephropathies affect the tubular structures and the renal interstitium. If we analyze the functional defects that these pathologies can produce, we will NOT wait to find: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Isostenuria."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis in the renal histological study."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Normal or little expressive urinary sediment."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Proteinuria of less than 2 grams per day."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 104 | 18-year-old girl who came to the Hospital for edema in lower limbs of 1 week of evolution, highlighting in the laboratory a proteinuria in the nephrotic range with hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. In the anamnesis he refers to recurrent oral aphthae, arthritis of small joints of the hands, malar rash and photosensitivity. In the etiological study, the presence of ANA and antiDNA with hypocomplementemia stands out. The determination of ANCA is negative. A renal biopsy is performed in which we could find any of these types of glomerulonephritis, EXCEPT: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Mesangial GNF."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Necrotizing GNF paucinmune."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Focal proliferative GNF."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Diffuse proliferative GNF."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Membranous GNF."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 105 | Which of the following combinations of drugs is commonly used in the maintenance treatment of patients with a kidney transplant? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Tacrolimus, cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and glucocorticoids."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Tacrolimus, sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Tacrolimus, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Cyclosporine, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 106 | A 78-year-old man who underwent cardiac catheterization with revascularization of the right coronary artery 3 weeks ago and consulted for nausea and vomiting of 3 days of evolution. It presents arterial pressure of 185/85 mm Hg and purple lesions on the toes of both feet. In the analytical, urea 230 mg / dL and creatinine 5.8 mg / dL were observed. What is the most likely diagnosis? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Malignant arterial hypertension."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Acute tubular necrosis by contrast."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Rapidly progressive renal failure."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Renal atheroembolic disease."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Bilateral renal artery stenosis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 107 | A 65-year-old man with no medical history of interest who consulted for fine micturition, incomplete emptying, diurnal urinary frequency every 3 hours and nocturia 1-2 times. Rectal examination reveals a medium-large prostate without nodules. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 0.5 ng / mL. It provides reno-vesico-prostatic ultrasound that indicates a prostatic volume of 35 g, with absence of postvoid residual and without other evaluable alterations. What will be our attitude towards this patient? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Offer radical prostatectomy as a treatment for your prostate cancer."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Request scintigraphic study to rule out the presence of bone and visceral metastases secondary to prostate cancer."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Start treatment with androgen blockade with LHRH analogs given the demonstrated efficacy of this drug in the treatment of patients with BPH."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Indicate surgical desobstructive treatment (transurethral resection of the prostate) as the treatment of choice for prostate hyperplasia."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Consider treatment with alpha-blockers as an initial treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 108 | A 31-year-old woman with a history of nephritic colic 4 years ago consulted in the emergency department for left lumbar pain of colic characteristics for 3 days with the appearance of fever during the last 12 hours. The presence of 15,000 leukocytes / uL, 85% neutrophils, creatinine 0.8 mg / dL and PCR 20 mg / dL stand out in the blood analysis. The urine sediment reports countless leukocytes / field. Which of the following statements is true? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Since it is an uncomplicated urinary tract infection, we must treat it with oral antibiotherapy and evolutionary control."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is advisable to perform an urgent imaging study to rule out obstruction of the upper urinary tract that requires drainage."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "This patient has a complicated urinary tract infection and it is most likely that the causative agent is S. aureus."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is best to start treatment with fluconazole and control it in the outpatient clinic in 1 week."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The patient has acute pyelonephritis and the optimal treatment is the combination of bladder catheterization with intravenous antibiotic therapy."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 109 | Which of the following drugs would indicate as first-line treatment in a 53-year-old patient diagnosed with metastatic clear cell renal cancer? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Sunitinib."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Cetuximab."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Fluoropyrimidine"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Panitumumab."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Bleomycin."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 110 | 78-year-old man with poorly controlled rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A history of 2 admissions for heart failure and atrial fibrillation in the last 6 months. In current treatment with infliximab, prednisone, furosemide, enalapril, carvedilol and acenocoumarol. Enter again for biventricular heart failure clinic. The ECG showed atrial fibrillation at 102 bpm and advanced left bundle branch block. An echocardiogram shows biatrial dilation, thickening of the left ventricular wall with ejection fraction of 45% and restrictive pattern. The analytical highlights: Hb 10 gr / dL, creatinine 2.1 mg / dL (FG 20 mL / min), CRP 124 mg / L, rheumatoid factor 240 U / L, BNP 980 ng / L, proteinuria 4.8 g / 24h. What is the most likely diagnosis? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Cardio-renal syndrome type 2."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Amyloidosis AA."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Myocarditis of giant cells."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Toxicity due to infliximab."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with RA."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 111 | A 40-year-old man goes to the emergency department for inflammation of the right knee of about 24 hours of evolution. The patient does not report previous trauma and is the first episode of arthritis that presents. A the anamnesis directed that 4 weeks ago he returned from a trip to Morocco and that being there he presented chills and diarrhea that subsided after a week. The examination also revealed inflammation of the right Achilles tendon. What is the attitude to follow? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is a spondyloarthropathy, start treatment with methotrexate."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Immobilize the knee with a bandage for 15 days and give non-steroidal anti-inflammatories."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Practice an arthrocentesis to perform culture, analysis of microcrystals and cellular counting of the synovial fluid."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Perform an arthroscopy."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is a gouty arthritis, I would start treatment with allopurinol."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 112 | A 36-year-old woman diagnosed with systemic scleroderma diffuse form 2 years ago, is treated with 30 mg of prednisone in her health center for an eye problem. The patient consulted for headache and the clinical examination revealed high blood pressure and a deterioration in kidney function that was not known. The patient is referred to the emergency department with the suspicion of a sclerodermal renal crisis. Indicate which of the following statements is correct: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The sclerodermal renal crisis is more frequent in the limited form of scleroderma."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The use of steroids at moderate doses can precipitate its appearance."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The diagnosis requires a renal biopsy."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are routinely used to prevent its occurrence."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The treatment of choice would be a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 113 | Which of the following is NOT considered a classification criterion for systemic lupus erythematosus? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Cutaneous vasculitis"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Photosensitivity"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Hemolytic anemia."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Pericarditis"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "High concentration of antinuclear antibodies."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 114 | In relation to osteoarthritis, what statement is correct? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "There is a close correlation between the radiological findings and the symptomatology of the patients."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The symptomatic involvement of the hip is much more frequent than the involvement of the knee."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Obesity has not been shown to be a risk factor for its development."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The presence of a high sedimentation rate strongly supports the diagnosis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Morning stiffness usually lasts less than 30 minutes."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 115 | A 35-year-old woman consulted for the appearance of maculo-papular lesions in the upper limbs without other symptoms. The biopsy of one of them demonstrates the presence of noncaseating granulomas. Blood tests are normal except for an elevation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels. On chest radiography, bilateral hilar adenopathies are detected. Which of the following considers the most appropriate attitude? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Start treatment with corticosteroids orally."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Start treatment with oral hydroxychloroquine."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Start treatment with azathioprine orally."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Start treatment with leflunomide orally."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Continue study without starting treatment."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 116 | Which of the following traumatic injuries requires, in order to avoid local complications, an earlier treatment? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Posterior traumatic luxation of the hip."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Displaced fracture of the femoral neck of the elderly."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Trochanteric fracture of the elderly."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Cup fracture."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Subtrochanteric fracture."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 117 | The most frequent complication of astragalus neck fractures is: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Reflex algodystrophy."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Vicious consolidation"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Pseudoarthrosis"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Osteonecrosis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Neurological injury of the posterior tibial."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 118 | In a 14-year-old patient with Down syndrome who presents with nucalgia (normal neurological examination) and is going to be subjected to general anesthesia (orotracheal intubation) for elective abdominal surgery, the following should be ruled out: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Atloaxoid instability."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Tracheoesophageal fistulas."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Brain tumor."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Vocal cord hyperplasia."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Hydrocephalus"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 119 | A 23-year-old boy, who makes a jump while playing basketball, falls on his right lower limb with his knee in hyperextension, applying a sharp turn to his knee while keeping his foot fixed on the ground. The patient, perceives a snap and sharp pain in his knee, unable to continue playing. Note feeling of instability when performing the support of said extremity. On clinical examination, intense articular effusion is seen, so arthrocentesis is performed, which shows an important acute hemarthrosis without the presence of droplets of fat supernatanting in the extracted fluid. The mobility of the knee is free and the Lachman maneuver is positive. What is the diagnostic suspicion? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Break in cube handle of the inner meniscus."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Isolated rupture of the lateral collateral ligament."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Fracture by tearing of the anterior tibial spine."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Unicondylar fracture of the medial condyle."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 120 | A 20-year-old boy goes to the emergency room for fever of 39ºC, chills, papules and hemorrhagic pustules on the distal extensor surfaces of the extremities and arthritis of the knee. What is your diagnosis of initial suspicion? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Rheumatoid arthritis."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Reiter syndrome."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Urica Drop"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Gonococcal arthritis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Vasculitis of Cogan."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 121 | Which of the following species of Candida spp, is usually resistant or at least have a decreased sensitivity to fluconazole? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "C. albicans."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "C. tropicalis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "C. parapsilosis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "C. Krusei."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "C. giliermondii."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 122 | A patient from Bolivia diagnosed with Chagas disease underwent a blood count that showed 1,100 eosinophils / μL (12% of leukocytes). Which of the following diagnoses is LESS likely? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Infestation by Schistosoma haematobium."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Infestation by Ancylostoma duodenale."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Infestation by Strongyloides stercoralis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Infestation by Ascaris lumbricoides."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Infestation by Necator americanus."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 124 | A 60-year-old patient who came to the hospital's emergency department due to a left chest pain, cough and yellowish sputum, a temperature of 38.7ºC, a sensation of shortness of breath. Artificial saturation of 02 80%. Hemogram leukocytes 12000 / uL with 86% polymorphonuclear cells. Chest x-ray: alveolar infiltrate on the left base with air bronchogram. On suspicion of pneumonia, pneumococcal Ag is made in urine, which is positive and sputum culture is sent to the Microbiology service. Which empirical antibiotic treatment of the indicated ones is more correct in expectation of microbiological results? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Ceftazidime"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Clarithromycin"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Azithromycin"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Ceftriaxone"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Doxycycline"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 125 | A 73-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room accompanied by the family due to a picture of chills and a productive cough of purulent mucus that lasted about 2 days; they also report a tendency to drowsiness with a decrease in oral intake to both liquids and solids. As background we report that the patient is diagnosed with hypertension, DM type 2 and incipient dementia. The physical examination highlights a thin patient, with discrete mucous dryness, sleepy but reactive to verbal commands. Meningism or motor or sensory focality is not objective. Temperature 35.9ºC. Heart rate 118 bpm, BP 84/50 mmHg, respiratory rate 22 rpm. O2 Saturation 93%. Cardiac tachyarrhythmic auscultation without murmurs. Respiratory auscultation with crackles in the right base. Point out the TRUE answer: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Among the measures to be taken when sepsis is suspected, antibiotic therapy is administered in the 1st hour of arrival, although this attitude has not been correlated with a decrease in mortality."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The early administration of IV fluids is essential to maintain adequate tissue perfusion, the goal being to maintain an average blood pressure> 65 mmHg."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Among the complementary tests that are received we observed a lactate> 5.6 mmol / L; it must be taken into account but as long as hemodynamic stability is maintained we should not worry."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "In fact, the diagnosis of sepsis is not correct since the absence of fever rules out it."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The patient presents hypotension despite intensive administration of intravenous fluid therapy; It is time to administer vasoactive drugs, with isoproterenol being the choice."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 126 | The main indication for using 4 drugs in the initial treatment of tuberculosis is: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Affectation of the central nervous system."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "High prevalence of primary resistance to isoniazid."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Cavitated and extensive pulmonary tuberculosis with large bacillary load."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Disseminated tuberculosis associated with HIV infection."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in immunodepressed patients of any origin."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_M | 2014 | medicine | 127 | Which of the following analytical determinations is less useful for decision making in the follow-up and control of an HIV-infected person? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "CD4 lymphocyte count in peripheral blood."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Quantification of immunoglobulin."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Measurement of viral load."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Studies of HIV resistance to antiretroviral drugs."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Analysis of the co-receptor tropism."
}
] |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.