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Fisher Space Pen Takes Flight in Zero-G
Jul 21st, 2022 by Keith Worrall
Modified Jul 21st, 2022 at 10:37 AM
Boulder City, NV (July 20, 2022) – Headlines of the Los Angeles Herold-Examiner read, “Dream in 1948 Leads to ‘Perfect Inscribing Tool’ on Earth, in Space.” This article about Paul Fisher announced the vision of the Fisher Space Pen. Paul C. Fisher was a perfectionist, machinist, inventor, politician and screw and pen manufacturer. He improved Mr. Reynolds’s ballpoint pen and pressurized ink cartridge developed for the AG7 Anti-Gravity Pen.
On July 20, 1969, the Lunar Module Eagle from Apollo 11 landed at Tranquility Base. TV united the world on that historic day and will be remembered as long as humanity exists. This July 20, 2022, Fisher Space Pens commemorate the 53rd anniversary of the Apollo 11 lunar landing with style!
The ultimate proving ground for any invention is seeing it thrive in the environment for which it was made. Fisher Space Pens took a small crew to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, for some real-world experience on a Zero-G flight. Seeing is believing as brothers Paul and Matt Fisher had the opportunity to experience weightlessness and use their grandfather’s invention. Along for the ride were members of The Chive media group and a camera crew, as they documented the hilarious and innovative experience to commemorate the anniversary of such a historical event.
It was a challenging experience, to say the least, as the airplane flies in parabolic arcs to create a weightless environment. Passengers were able to use the pens from all angles as they were lifted off the plane’s floor surface. The brothers could feel the connection to their grandfather’s creation, especially seeing the AG7 suspended as they floated, flipped and soared as if they were in space. Experiencing what was envisioned in the 1960s and testing them first-hand at Zero-G adds to the company’s legacy and the Fisher family name.
There is a Fisher Space Pen for everyone, wherever you may find yourself. Through the good times and recent pandemic hardship, founder Paul C. Fisher would be proud of how brothers Matt and Paul have taken the company to new heights. They carry their grandfather’s passion from a screw machine company, Fisher Armory, to Fisher Space Pens. They are, in fact, a product of the American dream! | <urn:uuid:d2821cb7-3855-4396-9301-e794de410388> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.outdoorsfirst.com/article/fisher-space-pen-takes-flight-in-zero-g/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.965196 | 523 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Using a mouth guard is very important if you have you have a condition of teeth grinding and teeth clenching known as bruxism. Teeth grinding has some side effects. Apart from damaged teeth, teeth grinding also causes sore gums, tooth aches, headache and sometimes jaw pain. In case you have the bruxism condition you can grind your teeth when you are asleep or when you are playing sports. read more here about teeth grinding and the importance of this product to stop it. You can buy the teeth guard either in an online store or a physical store. There are so many benefits of buying mouth guard on this website. Some of the benefits include convenience and variety. Read on to get more info. on the benefits of making your purchase online.
Purchasing mouth guard online will also help you to track your order status. When you buy the mouth guard online you can be able to track the steps taken by your order. Another thing you will get to know is the shipping and the delivery status. Through tracking the shipping and the delivery status it will help you to be more prepared to receive the mouth guard on delivery.
Accessing a variety is the other benefit of shopping in the online mouth guard shop. The good news is that you will find various sizes for all the mouth guard you want to purchase. Other than that, you will find a variety of online mouth guard when you shop online. In addition to that, you will have access to numerous online mouth guard shops when you do your shopping online. Choosing the right mouth guard is made possible by such a wide selection.
Finally, buying custom mouth guard online is also convenient. The reason why this is so is that you can place the order at any time you notice you need it. Purchasing custom mouth guard online is also convenient because you are not limited by the opening and the closing hours of a physical store. It will also help you to save a lot of timeview here!. The reason for this is that all you require is to sit down and place the order. It is also beneficial to buy the mouth guard online because you find detailed information. Purchasing mouth guard online will help you to know the best fit for your mouth . It will also help you to know the durability of the custom mouth guard.
Lastly, making your mouth guard purchase online will help you to enjoy the above benefits. | <urn:uuid:24ff144a-1528-465e-9a3b-b8443071694e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://itsabeachday.com/2021/02/06/how-i-achieved-maximum-success-with-24/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.960525 | 480 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Waltham, MA (PRWEB) August 24, 2011
Newnes, an imprint of Elsevier Science & Technology Books, has published an eagerly awaited bible of analog electronic engineering and design by two industry leaders.
Analog Circuit Design by Bob Dobkin & Jim Williams is a comprehensive source book of circuit design solutions that will aid systems designers with elegant and practical design techniques that focus on common circuit design challenges.
Analog circuit and system design today is more essential than ever before. With the growth of digital systems, wireless communications, complex industrial and automotive systems, designers are challenged to develop sophisticated analog solutions. The books in-depth application examples provide insight into circuit design and application solutions that you can apply in todays demanding designs.
Analog Circuit Design provides circuit system designers with the information they need: | <urn:uuid:6889bd9e-e682-470c-85a5-dddf719af626> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://atmega32-avr.com/eagerly-anticipated-bible-of-analog-electronics-by-industry-leaders-published-by-newnes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.906603 | 165 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Pancreatic cysts in Denver, CO
Ready to Consult a GI Physician?Find a Provider
What are pancreatic cysts?
The pancreas is a gland in the digestive system that’s made of two different types of cells, where one creates digestive juices while the other works as a hormone regulator to manage blood sugar levels. Pancreatic cysts are sacs filled with pockets of fluid or solid matter that are comprised of damaged tissue or debris within the pancreas. The cysts can either be benign, or malignant (cancerous). While the cause of the cysts isn’t clear, some are because of a rare genetic disorder called von Hippel-Lindau disease. If you are experiencing a pancreatic cyst, connect with a gastroenterologist specialist at Colorado Gastroenterology to have them diagnosed and properly treated.
What are the symptoms of pancreatic cysts?
Cysts of the pancreas can be asymptomatic or you might encounter severe symptoms like:
- Persistent and severe abdominal or back pain
You may also experience complications of pancreatic cysts. This might include an infection, high blood pressure of the splenic or portal vein, or a rupture of the pseudocyst or hemorrhage (bleeding). If you have suffered or noticed any of the following symptoms for yourself, call our GI specialists at Colorado Gastroenterology to schedule an appointment.
How are pancreatic cysts treated?
Cysts are diagnosed with tests like an ultrasound, CT scans, MRI, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).
Pseudocysts generally resolve without the need for treatment. If your symptoms are severe and your cyst is growing larger, it may be recommended to have the cyst drained. They can be drained through an endoscopy. With this treatment, a long thin tube is used to drain the cyst. You may also have a surgical drain through a long incision, or with 3 to 4 small incisions made on the abdomen.
Partnering with you for expert treatments
It is important to have any cyst evaluated, even if the majority may end up benign. Any severe or troubling symptoms will need to be evaluated by our professionals. At Colorado Gastroenterology, we are dedicated to being your partner in the treatment of pancreatic cysts and other GI disorders. Schedule an appointment with our GI doctors today to experience the difference that our skilled team can provide.
The nurse was SO funny and friendly, all of the people working in the office were sweet and helpful, and the doctor was so informative. I felt listened to and felt like I really understood the full extent of the processes I was going to go through.
Amazing Group and Dr. Brenner!
Very knowledgeable doctor. He also took his time listening to my concerns and was patience. I'm very satisfied with my visit. Thank you
Very thorough and informative. Helps me understand and teaches me why something is happening in my body.
Very pleasant visit. The steps to diagnose my condition were explained to me and I felt quite comfortable with this doctor. | <urn:uuid:a166b379-a13c-470d-8240-9955f046e291> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gicolorado.com/topics/gi-conditions/pancreatic-cysts-denver-co | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.950236 | 698 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The Canyon Ferry Lake Cabin is a guest cabin building that was built in the 1880’s in Helena, Montana. The wood cabin sits on Canyon Ferry Lake, which is just 17 miles from Helena, Montana. Inside the cabin building, there is historic decor, with modern conveniences to include two large showers, a washer and dryer, a gas range, and microwave.
This log cabin features three bedrooms, two bathrooms, and a private upstairs master suite. From the cabin, there are scenic lake and mountain views from the king size bed.
Inside the log house are two other comfortable bedrooms, both with queens size beds, and a shared bath between them. On the outdoor deck of the log house is a stone cookhouse with a Monarch wood range. This log cabin has been nicely restored and is furnished with antique decor and cozy accessories. The outdoor decks on this are well-furnished and have scenic views of the 26 mile Canyon Ferry Lake on the Missouri River. The Yacht Basin Marina and Restaurant are only a five-minute walk from the cabin, Kim’s Marina is 3 miles away, and you can rent boats there. This log house is centrally located within a short drive to Glacier National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and the Lewis and Clark Caverns. You can rent this beautiful log cabin for $333 per night.
A log house is not only a great place to vacation, but they also make wonderful homes too. As you can see, they also stand the test of time and stand up to the elements very well. Building with logs is also a great way to build a home that’s environmentally friendly. The use of wood in log cabin designs help to create cabins that are ecologically sound, energy efficient, and architecturally pleasing.
The wood used to build log cabins comes from well-managed forests making it an even more sustainable choice. The built cabins also offer lower energy consumption and better overall performance. Log cabins and homes also reduce the impact that buildings have on human health. Wood reduces greenhouse gasses and stores carbons. A forest that is healthy and sustainable is a good solution to help with climate change. An acre of healthy growing forest absorbs almost 3 tons of carbon dioxide and releases close to 2 tons of oxygen.
Restoring a log cabin like this one that has been standing since the late 1800s is another great way to save on building materials instead of using all brand new materials and resources. Some of the older log cabins are still in great shape if they’ve been maintained over the years and they will continue to remain in great condition if they are restored and then maintained some more. This log cabin is a perfect example of that. This is the sort of wood cabin that people dream about, with plenty of inspiring decor and log cabin ideas throughout. This log house combines rustic log cabin details with the perfect location, for a wood cabin experience that is unforgettable.
This Story was Inspired By: VRBO Rental Listing | <urn:uuid:52c31d6a-8c75-420b-adc6-0b27180d6eef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mylogcabin.us/the-canyon-ferry-lake-real-log-cabin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.956219 | 611 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Fingerprint scanners are awesome! Why use a key when you have one right at the tip of your finger? Unfortunately, they're often unreliable or difficult to implement. Well not anymore! This great GT-521F32 fingerprint module from ADH-Tech communicates over TTL Serial so you can easily embed it into your next project. The module itself does all of the heavy lifting behind reading and identifying the fingerprints with an onboard optical sensor and 32-bit ARM Cortex M3 processor.
To get started, just register each fingerprint that you want to store by sending the corresponding command and pressing your finger against the reader three times. The fingerprint scanner can store different fingerprints, and the database of prints can even be downloaded from the unit and distributed to other modules. In addition to the fingerprint "template," the analyzed version of the print, you can retrieve the image of a fingerprint and even pull raw images from the optical sensor!
This module is the economical version of the GT-521F52 and can store up to 200 different fingerprints. It is capable of 360° fingerprint recognition and download/upload templates using serial interface. Additionally, the GT-521Fxx series features a resolution of 450dpi, with a false acceptance rate of <0.001% and a false rejection rate of <0.1% while only needing <1.5 seconds to identify a unique fingerprint!
The module is small and easy to mount using four mounting holes surrounding the sensor. The onboard JST-SH connector has four signals: Vcc, GND, Tx and Rx. A compatible JST-SH pigtail can be found in the Hookup Accessories section below.
Note: Please be aware that even though this fingerprint scanner is equipped with the same connector we use on all of our Qwiic boards, it is NOT Qwiic or I2C compatible. That being said, all of our Qwiic cables, like our 100mm version, will work for this board.
If a board needs code or communicates somehow, you're going to need to know how to program or interface with it. The programming skill is all about communication and code.
Skill Level: Rookie - You will need a better fundamental understand of what code is, and how it works. You will be using beginner-level software and development tools like Arduino. You will be dealing directly with code, but numerous examples and libraries are available. Sensors or shields will communicate with serial or TTL.
See all skill levels
If it requires power, you need to know how much, what all the pins do, and how to hook it up. You may need to reference datasheets, schematics, and know the ins and outs of electronics.
Skill Level: Noob - You don't need to reference a datasheet, but you will need to know basic power requirements.
See all skill levels
Based on 7 ratings:
1 of 1 found this helpful:
Works exactly as described. My only complaint is with the hookup instructions/tutorial. The instructions should mention that when the device is correctly hooked up, it will not give any indication that it is ready to go. You need to run a sketch on it (e.g. FPS_Blink.ino) before it shows any signs of life. I spent an inordinate amount off time fiddling with the wires before realizing I needed to run a sketch. Maybe its just my inexperience talking. But a little LED somewhere would be a nice touch.
1 of 1 found this helpful:
My son just started 7th grade STEM. In the second week of school, they were asked to redesign a product to make it simpler or better. He chose to make a fingerprint ID padlock. Without much experience in electronics, he was able to follow the tutorial for this fingerprint scanner and connect it to his Redboard that he got last Christmas. He added a servo and within a couple of hours he was able to make a working prototype that would automatically lock the shackle and unlock only with a recognized print - A+ all the way!
Receive after 9 days in Rwanda
I've run this with the SDK and it is easy to program and seems to detect my finger consistently should be easy to add to a project. I didn't see the need for more than 32 fingers but you could exceed that number quickly if multiple people, hands and fingers are programmed so it might be worth getting the one with larger memory.
The fingerprint scanner works great! I am using it with the 5 volt pro micro with a level translator and an extra power supply to convert 5 volt to 3.3 volts. I would recommend getting the 3.3 volt pro micro and you wouldn't have to do any level translation that way.
I started building a Nerf gun armory that was fingerprint locked for my boys with the Adafruit scanner and results were very spotty. It worked okay, but sometimes took a frustrating amount of scans before working. Nothing against that product, I probably don't have the coding clout to really dive in and tweak it. I switched over to this and it seems much more reliable (or at least simplified). Only difference between the two is that this one required the logic level converter where as the other did not.
I’m a noob so I loved how simple it was to follow the hookup guide. It is fast and accurate. | <urn:uuid:deaf6065-6502-409c-990a-b7e7b04ba7fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sparkfun.com/products/14518 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.947443 | 1,106 | 2.21875 | 2 |
70+ Technology Research Paper Topics Research papers are aimed at developing analytical skills in students. Writing any academic paper starts with choosing a topic. How to Select the Best Technology Research Paper Topics? To choose a good research paper topic…
How to Write a Good Critique Paper
How to Write a Good Critique Paper: Tips for Beginners
Students are often tasked with critique papers during their studies at colleges and universities. At first, this task may seem overwhelming, as it requires a different set of skills and knowledge compared to what you apply when writing essays or research papers. However, clarifying the essence of critique can quickly bring you to the level of mastery needed for effective critiquing.
In this article, our experts explain the principles of composing critique works without overly complex terminology or content. They have designed a simple and user-friendly guide to equip you with vital critiquing skills from zero. So, read on to develop a profound understanding of this task and its nuances.
What Is a Critique Paper
Let’s start with the definition and basic explanation for the newbies. The concept of critique combines two elements – analysis and evaluation of the data provided in a specific literary or academic source. When students analyze the provided source, they typically need to make sense of the information it contains. In other words, your analysis helps identify the key ideas, understand what the author is driving at, and clarify what other approaches to the point exist out there.
The second element, evaluation, is pretty subjective. It allows a student to assess the worth and significance of the author’s ideas and arguments on a specific topic. However, critiquing someone else’s writing doesn’t mean that you need to be critical by all means. In most cases, a critique can also be positive, meaning that you evaluate the content of your assigned article or book positively and consider the authors’ suggestions and opinions correct and valuable.
You may need to compose critical pieces on various topics, following different academic purposes. For instance, a piece of critique may be dedicated to a particular book or article. If you get such a paper, you need to read the chosen work thoroughly and produce an in-depth, thoughtful analysis of its content and significance. In other cases, you may be assigned to critique the literature on a specific topic. In this situation, you will need to read many different sources with varying standpoints on one and the same issue, clarifying which argumentation and side of the debate speak to you.
Finally, you may need to evaluate some statements in the light of your studied subject or specific theory. In this way, you will need to apply different perspectives to one concept, focusing on their relevance and propriety to one another.
How to Start a Critique Paper
Now, let’s proceed to the actual writing process. As soon as you get this task, you need to find the literature piece for close reading. Make sure you read the assigned source at least three times to capture the nuances of the author’s argumentation and evaluate their credibility.
Next, you need to take a closer look at the author’s credentials and experience in the subject they discuss. People often don’t possess the needed expertise or qualification in a specific area, just rewording what others say or voicing a layperson’s opinion. It may also occur that the source you’ve found is written by an experienced professional working in this industry for many years. These things affect the quality of argumentation and can also affect the way you think about the author’s persuasiveness.
Next, you need to evaluate the reasonability of claims provided in the assigned source. Are all of them data-backed, authentic, and credible? Is the source published in a book or a peer-reviewed academic journal, or is it a blog article? All these things also affect the reputability of the source and the strength of argumentation used in it.
With this information at hand, you can write an introduction to your paper. We’ll cover the content of the introductory part later on.
How to Structure a Critique Paper
In the process of writing the body of your critique paper, you need to focus on the following issues:
- Who is the author of this work? What are their professional credentials and achievements in this area?
- What aims did the author pursue when writing this article? Were these aims ultimately achieved?
- What language techniques and style did the author use to make their points persuasive? Did I find those techniques convincing?
- What assumptions did the author make during argumentation? Are they objective or subjective? Are they generally believable?
- What types of evidence did the author use in the text? Is the evidence credible and authoritative? Did the author use the evidence correctly, without bias or tweaking the facts?
- How did the author structure their work? Does the structure look persuasive and logical, or does it favor a specific interpretation of the facts? Is the piece opinionated?
- How did the reading of this article advance my understanding of this subject? Is the source generally informative and valuable?
- What did the author do good/bad? What is missing in the paper?
These points will inform your reasoning, giving you a clear structure for evaluating the assigned source.
How to End a Critique Paper
As a rule, the ending of your paper should look the way any other academic paper does. It should present a concise summary of all main points of the source article (and all main points of your evaluation thereof). Also, include the major findings of the article you’re analyzing and add your personal impression of reading it. Mention whether you found the author’s arguments believable, what impressed you the most, and what broader references you can make about the argument’s significance.
Critique Paper Outline
If you need a general outline to help you in the process of any critique paper writing, use the one we have provided below:
Name of the work and main argument. Explanation of the context. A concluding sentence signposting your evaluation of the source you’ve chosen to review.
In the 21st century, the problem of global hunger is gaining prominence, with several options for helping developing countries cope with this disaster. In his article “Managing hunger with education,” published in 2020, Eric Munger showed that most standard approaches, like financial aid or humanitarian packages, don’t work well in the long run. The author provides sound evidence to show how developing countries become even more helpless and disabled after using the passive help of other states for decades and how a situation can be changed with a different grassroots approach.
In this part of the text, you need to weigh every significant argument of your source text:
Argument 1 – why financial aid doesn’t help (the author’s claims, the supporting evidence, your evaluation of the evidence)
Argument 2 – why humanitarian assistance worsens the situation in the developing world (the author’s claims, the supporting evidence, your evaluation of the evidence)
Argument 3 – how education on the ground can help developing countries find practical solutions to hunger (the author’s claims, the supporting evidence, your evaluation of the evidence).
The final summary of your discussed points and the author’s conclusion in the source text. Your evaluation of that conclusion and a final evaluation of whether the source achieves its aim and proves its point. A reference to the broader context, discussing this source’s broader significance in terms of political science and global economics.
In his final evaluation, Eric Munger showed that developing countries that act as passive recipients of help from developed states could never rise from their knees as they have limited control over their economies. This position is highly believable, given the many decades of comprehensive assistance to African and Asian states that did not bring any substantial economic changes. Thus, the approach of Munger deserves attention as it provides a new perspective on solving the pressing global problem of hunger and economic backwardness.
Critique Paper Introduction
Every paper should have an introduction, and a critique paper is not an exception. A critique assignment needs to introduce the subject of your analysis – that is, the article, book, or topic you’re critically approaching in this writing project. Include the article’s name, the author’s name, and a brief background of the source. You also need to mention the article’s central idea and thesis to clarify what you’ll focus on in your critique.
Besides, the introduction should summarize the article’s key points. It will serve as your thesis for the paper, guiding the readers on what you will discuss and giving a roadmap of further content.
Critique Paper Body
The body of your article should include a point-by-point evaluation of the source’s content. Like a regular essay, where you take each point in your argument, formulate it in the topic sentence, and then prove its correctness and significance with supporting evidence, a critique paper focuses on the source’s arguments. The only difference is that you need to evaluate what another person did to prove their points, concluding whether their work was successful.
For instance, you need to mention the point, what arguments the author uses to prove it, whether the proof is valuable and convincing, and whether the provided evidence makes the intended point. This process should be done for every point from the author’s original article, with your own evaluation at the end of each paragraph and the paper’s final part.
Critique Paper Conclusion
Now that you have covered all significant points in the author’s source article, you should summarize the key facts and give your final evaluation. As a rule, it pertains to whether you agree with the author and whether you’ve found their arguments convincing. It’s also necessary to mention a couple of details about what made you produce a particular conclusion and what evidence was the most/least persuasive.
Any Questions to Us? Let’s Chat!
Now that you have these critique paper guidelines at your fingertips, the process of composing such an assignment can become much more manageable and hassle-free than it used to be. The task of doing daily homework can still be a hassle, but with our handy tips and step-by-step instructions, you can quickly feel that the process gets quicker and much more enjoyable.
Still, even if you don’t feel the burst of resourcefulness and creativity, it’s not a reason to say “no” to high grades. It’s still possible to be on time with all papers, written precisely the way your professor wants. Contact us and inform our managers about your new critique paper. A team of capable pros will handle your task promptly and competently, giving you the upper hand in class performance and ensuring that your professor stays content with your academic rigor and insight. | <urn:uuid:e581f9bd-29b4-4321-ad7b-67daff5b2d1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://us.papernow.org/how-to-write-a-good-critique-paper | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.923978 | 2,286 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Consumers may turn to online pharmacies because of convenience, privacy and cost savings. However, protect your health by recognizing the signs of safe and unsafe online pharmacies.
Your online pharmacy may be an unsafe website if it:
Does not require a doctor’s prescription.
Is not licensed in the United States and by your state board of pharmacy.
Does not have a licensed pharmacist on staff to answer your questions.
Sends medicine that looks different than what you receive at your local pharmacy, or arrives in packaging that is broken, damaged, in a foreign language, has no expiration date, or is expired.
Offers deep discounts or prices that seem too good to be true.
Charges you for products you never ordered or received.
Does not provide clear written protections of your personal and financial information, or sells it to other websites. | <urn:uuid:81f12b13-ed86-406c-95e1-a4efbf27da7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.usfda.info/flu-and-antiviral-products/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.943052 | 173 | 1.640625 | 2 |
When you think of the term ‘soul mate’, you probably imagine Allie or Noah from The Notebook – they’re that one person you’re destined by fate to meet and fall in love with, and that would be that. No one else.
But is that really true? Can we have more than one soul mate? Is there really just one person in the world we’re meant to be with? Well, in the words of psychologist Charlene Neuhoff from RewireMe, the idea of a soul mate is “complete and utter bullshit”.
So, unfortunately, the idea of having numerous soul mates doesn’t really work either.
“The soul mate archetype is a person we meet in our lifetime who makes us finally feel complete and unconditionally loved,” Neuhoff tells us. “When we meet them there is undeniable chemistry, the sex is dynamite, we can fully be ourselves with them, they naturally understand us and accept all of our deep and darkest facets-of-self.
“It is also complete and utter bullshit. Almost nothing has done greater damage to relationships and our capacity to love/be loved than the romanticised-Disney-socialised idea of a soul mate. Believing in a soul mate is very hard to detach from. It will take more than my ramblings to detach you from it. We all want to believe the end to our loneliness/unworthiness may be a chance meeting away.”
Neuhoff adds that you do deserve to experience love and feel worthy in your lifetime. So, it’s time to educate yourself on “the real nature of love in adult relationships”. And, sadly, it isn’t found on the big screen or in conversations with equally confused friends and family.
While multiple soul mates aren’t real and “would just be multiples of an imaginary thing”, according to Neuhoff, you can definitely feel a strong connection and love for numerous people throughout your life.
“The trick is; it’s not fate, magic or chemistry that determines this,” she says. “What determines how many people we deeply connect with is our capacity to love. And capacity to love is undoubtedly tied to how much we love or accept ourselves, and our understandings of love. This is why we’d much rather believe in the idea of a soul mate. A magical meeting of souls and happily ever after? Yes please. Facing the painful shit in my life and trying to cultivate unconditional love for myself? Yikes.”
But the best part about the fact soul mates don’t exist is that you can have a fulfilling relationship anyway!
“I cannot tell you how many of my clients have thrown away fantastic relationships with healthy, gorgeous people just because ‘there was no spark’ or ‘they didn’t feel like The One’.
“Please, don’t use spark or chemistry to guide your love life. As modern philosopher Alain de Botton says, this notion that our ‘instinct should guide us to the person who will make us happy’ is damaging and misguided.”
Neuhoff adds that in psychology, it’s common knowledge that in our adult relationships we try to mirror the early experiences of love and attachment that we experienced from our parents.
“‘Ew, why?’, I hear you ask. This is because the love we received in childhood always has difficult elements, even if it was largely positive. The adults in our lives were only human and would have hurt us at times. We all unconsciously seek to heal our childhood wounds in our adult relationships,” she explains.
“So that ‘chemistry’ we feel? It’s actually us being attracted to someone whose love ‘feels familiar’. We try to recreate our first experience of love because we want to have this experience of love be perfect.”
She continues, “If we blindly follow our ‘instinct’, we are not selecting for someone who will necessarily make us happy. We are selecting for someone whose love feels familiar and familiar may not be great.
“The expectation that chemistry equals soul mate, and soul mate equals happy is incorrect. Let the soul mate archetype and chemistry chasing go, or they will both reduce your chances of having a great relationship.”
If you’re ready to cast your net out and see what fish you can reel in, services like RSVP can help you find the people you’re most compatible with – not necessarily your ‘soul mate’. | <urn:uuid:3b80342b-ab6a-4d50-9f00-d0e41149dfe2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2021/08/soul-mate-investigation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.943263 | 986 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Allgood History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
- Origins Available:
The name Allgood is of Anglo-Saxon origin and came from the ancient personal name Algod. In Old Danish, the name was Algot, while in Old Swedish, the name was Algut. Although the variant form Allgood appears to be a complimentary nickname, the surname Allgood is actually patronymic in origin.
Early Origins of the Allgood family
The surname Allgood was first found in the counties of Northumberland and Durham, although not of Boernician origin as were most of the families in that area. Originally found in the Domesday Book compiled in 1086 by King William after his conquest of England in 1066, as Algod, the name gradually changed to Allgood.
Early History of the Allgood family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Allgood research. Another 44 words (3 lines of text) covering the years 196 and 1965 are included under the topic Early Allgood History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Allgood Spelling Variations
Before English spelling was standardized a few hundred years ago, spelling variations of names were a common occurrence. Elements of Latin, French and other languages became incorporated into English through the Middle Ages, and name spellings changed even among the literate. The variations of the surname Allgood include Allgood, Algod, Algood, Elgood, Ellgod and others.
Early Notables of the Allgood family (pre 1700)
More information is included under the topic Early Allgood Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
In the United States, the name Allgood is the 5,841st most popular surname with an estimated 4,974 people with that name.
Allgood migration to the United States +
A great wave of immigration to the New World was the result of the enormous political and religious disarray that struck England at that time. Families left for the New World in extremely large numbers. The long journey was the end of many immigrants and many more arrived sick and starving. Still, those who made it were rewarded with an opportunity far greater than they had known at home in England. These emigrant families went on to make significant contributions to these emerging colonies in which they settled. Some of the first North American settlers carried this name or one of its variants:
Allgood Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
- Jane Allgood, aged 14, who landed in New York in 1864
- John Allgood, aged 21, who arrived in New York in 1864
- Lucy Allgood, aged 57, who landed in New York in 1864
- Geo Allgood, aged 17, who arrived in New York in 1864
Allgood Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
- Oliver A. Allgood, aged 40, who immigrated to the United States from Liverpool, in 1901
- William Allgood, aged 25, who settled in America, in 1905
- John Allgood, aged 33, who landed in America, in 1911
- Milton Allgood, aged 2, who immigrated to America, in 1911
- Mrs. John Allgood, aged 30, who landed in America, in 1911
- ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Allgood migration to Australia +
Emigration to Australia
followed the First Fleets
of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:
Allgood Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
- Mr. Charles Allgood, English convict who was convicted in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England for life, transported aboard the "Aurora" on 3rd November 1833, arriving in New South Wales, Australia
- Miss Matilda Allgood, (b. 1822), aged 19, English house maid who was convicted in Newington, London, England for 7 years for larceny, transported aboard the "Emma Eugenia" on 16th November 1841, arriving in Tasmania (Van Diemen's Land), she died in 1853
- James Allgood, aged 31, who arrived in South Australia in 1853 aboard the ship "Calabar"
Allgood migration to West Indies +
The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association.
Allgood Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century
- John Allgood, who settled in Barbados in 1674
Contemporary Notables of the name Allgood (post 1700) +
- Justin Allgood (b. 1983), former American football quarterback
- Miles Clayton Allgood (1878-1977), American politician, U.S. Representative from Alabama (1923-1933) and (1933-1935), cousin of Clarence William Allgood
- Sara Allgood (1883-1959), Irish-born, American Academy Award nominated character actress, known for her roles in various Hitchcock films including: Blackmail (1929), Juno and the Paycock (1930), and Sabotage (1936)
- Clarence William Allgood (1902-1991), American jurist, Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama (1973-1991), Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama (1961-1973)
- Jill Allgood (1910-1995), British producer, director, script writer, author and broadcaster for the BBC
- Mitchell Allgood (b. 1989), Australian rugby league footballer
Related Stories +
The Allgood Motto +
The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.
Motto: Age omne bonum
Motto Translation: Do all good.
- ^ https://namecensus.com/most_common_surnames.htm
- ^ Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
- ^ Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 20th August 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/aurora
- ^ Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 30th March 2022). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/emma-eugenia
- ^ South Australian Register Tuesday 2nd August 1853. (Retrieved 2010, November 5) Calabar 1853. Retrieved http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/australia/williamstuart1853.shtml.
- ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies | <urn:uuid:102a38b1-372a-465b-b125-02bf319bfeb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.houseofnames.com/allgood-family-crest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.94454 | 1,743 | 2.46875 | 2 |
There are a lot of stories associated with Sir Winston Churchill. The one that best fits this context is said to have occurred when he was addressing a meeting of sorts. A woman, apparently ‘disgusted’ by his form of speech, shouted at him:
“You are drunk!”
To this, Sir Winston, without missing a beat, retorted, “I may be drunk, Miss, but in the morning I will be sober and you will still be ugly!”
Now, this exchange reminds me of someone who is fast, and without any help at all, evolving into the village idiot that according to Charles Simango, Malawi has been waiting for to replace you-know-who.
With his behaviour and statements, he is forcing people to rethink President Joyce Banda’s the sense of judgement – the president being the one that elevated him.
I am talking here of this national disgrace wrongly referred to as ‘Right Honourable’ Khumbo Kachale.
To his credit, this character was in rare positive news during the festive season, advising the Ngonis of Mzimba to refrain from beer drinking, which is one of their age old traditions.
This sort of advice, in itself, is fine if one overlooks the messenger, which unfortunately in Khumbo Kachale’s case, would a Herculean feat. Before anyone accuses me of shooting the messenger, hear me out first.
Without referring to the Bible and hence risking opening Pandora’s box, there are all sorts of case studies which arrive – independently – at the conclusion that ‘excessive’ beer drinking is bad. It can harm some vital organs and could be harmful to unborn babies in pregnant women.
On top of that, there is a whole range of statistics proving that a combination of ‘excessive’ beer drinking and driving contributes to a good share of fatalities in road accidents. Other studies attribute the break-up of families, job losses and many societal ills to ‘excessive’ beer drinking or alcohol abuse.
Khumbo Kachale was therefore right in cautioning the honourable Ngonis to watch their drinking habits. But the problem is that the bearer of this golden advice, this messenger so to speak, has on more than one occasion put his huge foot in his mouth.
Coming back to Sir Winston’s logic, people that abuse alcohol – after a nap – reclaimtheir senses. And once they have regained full control of their faculties, they do not go about insulting well-wishers that advise (and remind) the government that excessive presidential travel can overspend the State House budget and potentially nullify any gains made.
But Right Honourable Khumbo Kachale was so rude to the bearers of this wise admonition that he was urged to and he eventually apologised. Fine, let us accept that apology, and start afresh.
No sober ‘ex-drunk’, at least in Malawi’s history, has ever been associated with mattress-grabbing in a bid to win votes. Mattress-grabbing, according to the Leader of Opposition, is outright “stupid” and not befitting of a cabinet minister.
But mattress-grabbing and according to some reports car-snatching too, is what the Right Honourable Khumbo Kachale does for a hobby. Granted, the car-snatching was refuted, but the mattress grabber label is still intact.
And Ladies and Gentlemen, correct me if I am wrong, no drunk has ever been heard issuing podium reminders to Justice Ministers to silence critics; critics whose only crime is reminding the government that in designing policies; consumers – which all of us are – should not be forgotten.
But check recent media reports, the Right Honourable Khumbo Kachale was at it, verbatim:
“Let me remind Justice Minister Ralph Kasambara and Henry Phoya to resume the case of Mr Kapito. I am just reminding them.”
Now when one looks at his advice to the Ngonis, do I still stand accused of shooting the messenger? The fitting conclusion can only be that this particular messenger is a certifiable suicide bomber, bent and intent on taking President Joyce Banda down with him.
Again, am I wrong to suggest that referring to such a person as “right honourable” is an insult to bona fide Right Honourables, like Justin Malewezi PhD, who in his time and to date oozes “honour”? I will leave these questions for you to ponder and with your leave; I will move on to address the State President, as per the title of this write-up.
Your Excellence Madam President, please take note of this. With respect to your running mate in 2014, you will do your campaign and yourself a huge favour, if you get rid of this character called Khumbo Kachale.
Madam President, feel free to pick even a drunkard because a drunk, when sober, will be more of an asset than this liability.
And while you are pondering this free advice Madam President, tell Ralph Kasambara S.C. to ignore the Vice President’s ridiculous “reminder” because John Kapito is all we have got; now that ‘Mwakasungula, Sembereka and Associates’ are busy nibbling the scones they were marching for on July 20, 2011.
I rest.Follow and Subscribe Nyasa TV : | <urn:uuid:916ec1a4-adce-416a-ac56-53f5de7b477b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nyasatimes.com/behold-here-cometh-the-new-village-idiot-malawi-vp-kachali/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.963017 | 1,158 | 2 | 2 |
Jan 24, 2022
New Laws Affecting Public School Districts
Governor Murphy recently signed several bills into law which are of relevance to public school districts:
- Senate Bill No. 1790 – “Mallory’s Law” revises the provisions required in school district anti-bullying policies; provides for civil liability of parents of minors adjudicated delinquent for cyber-harassment or harassment; and increases certain fines against parents. P.L.2021, c.338.
- Senate Bill No. 2811 – requires school report cards to include information concerning the number of mental health professionals and school safety specialists employed by each school district. P.L.2021, c.339.
- Senate Bill No. 994 – requires State agencies and political subdivisions to make good faith efforts to purchase five percent of goods and services from the Central Nonprofit Agency. P.L.2021, c.385.
- Senate Bill No. 1020 – requires school report cards to include a demographic breakdown of students who receive disciplinary actions; requires the N.J. Commissioner of Education to establish a Statewide database concerning certain disciplinary actions. P.L.2021, c.387.
- Senate Bill No. 2160 – creates a special education unit within the Office of Administrative Law; requires an annual report. P.L.2021, c.390.
- Senate Bill No. 2830 – requires the educator preparation program to report the passing rates of students who complete certain tests and to disseminate information on test fee waiver programs; permits collection of student fees for certain testing costs. P.L.2021, c.393.
- Senate Bill No. 2835 – requires the compilation of data and issuance of annual reports on the N.J. teacher workforce. P.L.2021, c.394.
- Senate Bill No. 3488 – modifies certain procedures pertaining to school district regionalization; establishes a grant program for cost reimbursement of conducting regionalization feasibility studies; provides financial incentives for regionalization. P.L.2021, c.402.
- Senate Bill No. 3685 – permits teachers and professional staff members who provide special services who are retired from the Teachers’ Pension and Annuity Fund (“TPAF”) to return to employment for up to two years without re-enrollment in TPAF if employment commences during the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 school years. P.L.2021, c.408.
- Senate Bill No. 3764 – establishes a Commission on Asian American Heritage in the N.J. Department of Education. P.L.2021, c.410.
- Senate Bill No. 4021 – requires school districts to provide instruction on the history and contributions of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders as part of the implementation of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards in Social Studies. P.L.2021, c.416.
- Senate Bill No. 4074 – allows alternative evaluation in place of basic skills testing requirements for certain teacher certifications. P.L.2021, c.420.
- Assembly Bill No. 3392 – requires a student representative to be appointed to each board of education of school districts and board of trustees charter schools that include grades nine through twelve. P.L.2021, c.446.
- Assembly Bill No. 4434 – establishes a student wellness grant program in the N.J. Department of Education. P.L.2021, c.456.
- Assembly Bill No. 4856 – requires Internet websites and web services of school districts, charter schools, renaissance schools, and the Marie H. Katzenbach School for the Deaf to be accessible to persons with disabilities. P.L.2021, c.461.
- Assembly Bill No. 5814 – creates the Office of School Bus Safety in the N.J. Department of Education; appropriates $200,000.00. P.L.2021, c.471.
- Assembly Bill No. 6207 – eliminates the requirement for the N.J. Department of Education to set certain tuition rates for approved private schools for students with disabilities in certain cases. P.L.2021, c.487.
For more information on any of these new laws or related issues, please contact the labor and education attorneys at Schenck Price.
DISCLAIMER: This Alert is designed to keep you aware of recent developments in the law. It is not intended to be legal advice, which can only be given after the attorney understands the facts of a particular matter and the goals of the client. | <urn:uuid:69a1c9c0-c449-4e16-b375-4530f4518392> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.spsk.com/new-laws-affecting-public-school-districts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.915807 | 963 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The objective of this study is to derive methane (CH4) emissions from three landfills, which are found to be the most significant CH4 sources in the metropolitan area of Madrid in Spain. We derive CH4 emissions from the CH4 enhancements observed by spaceborne and ground-based instruments. We apply satellite-based measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) together with measurements from the ground-based COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) instruments. In 2018, a 2-week field campaign for measuring the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases was performed in Madrid in the framework of Monitoring of the Greenhouse Gases Concentrations in Madrid (MEGEI-MAD) project. Five COCCON instruments were deployed at different locations around the Madrid city center, enabling the observation of total column-averaged CH4 mixing ratios (XCH4). Considering the prevalent wind regimes, we calculate the wind-assigned XCH4 anomalies for two opposite wind directions. Pronounced bipolar plumes are found when applying the method to NO2, which implies that our method of wind-assigned anomaly is suitable to estimate enhancements of trace gases at the urban level from satellite-based measurements. For quantifying the CH4 emissions, the wind-assigned plume method is applied to the TROPOMI XCH4 and to the lower tropospheric CH4g/gdry-air column ratio (TXCH4) of the combined TROPOMI+IASI product. As CH4 emission strength we estimate 7.4g×g1025g±g6.4g×g1024gmolec.gs-1 from the TROPOMI XCH4 data and 7.1g×g1025g±g1.0g×g1025gmolec.gs-1 from the TROPOMI+IASI merged TXCH4 data. We use COCCON observations to estimate the local source strength as an independent method. COCCON observations indicate a weaker CH4 emission strength of 3.7g×g1025gmolec.gs-1 from a local source (the Valdemingómez waste plant) based on observations from a single day. This strength is lower than the one derived from the satellite observations, and it is a plausible result. This is because the analysis of the satellite data refers to a larger area, covering further emission sources in the study region, whereas the signal observed by COCCON is generated by a nearby local source. All emission rates estimated from the different observations are significantly larger than the emission rates provided via the official Spanish Register of Emissions and Pollutant Sources.
Tu, Q., Hase, F., Schneider, M., Garciá, O., Blumenstock, T., Borsdorff, T., … Torres, C. (2022). Quantification of CH4 emissions from waste disposal sites near the city of Madrid using ground- and space-based observations of COCCON, TROPOMI and IASI. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22(1), 295–317. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-295-2022 | <urn:uuid:40f04f7f-121e-4b91-a89f-38c831f5b3cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/0fb58087-b048-3838-9679-b86a7e3495b9/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.876362 | 688 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Tarteel means "Recitation." This course will be for those who are mastered in Tajweed rules and would like to start learning the skills of being an excellent in Quran recitation and want teaching others to read the holy Quran . It is used in al-Qur'an in Surah Muzammil, verse 4, as Allah(TA) instructs the Prophet saying- "Wa rattilil qur'aana tarteelaa" ,"and recite the Quran in slow measured rhythmic tones" .The Arabic for "slow, measured rhythmic tones" is tarteel. Tarteel is the term used to define the rules that explain how to recite the Quran in the way and manner that the angel Jibreel(AS) used to use to recite Quran to our beloved Messenger (PBUH). Tajweed means "Improving," or "to make something better." | <urn:uuid:99c3cfdb-aca2-421d-a8d8-ed0686bc5b76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.quranreadinghelp.com/online-holy-quran-recitation-course-by-english-arabic-teacher-female-tutor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.933866 | 185 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Glyphosate is the major component in its flagship product, Roundup, used both in residential gardens and on farms.
The chemical is so pervasive that tests by the Organic Consumers Association found 93 percent of Americans have glyphosate in their urine.1
By comparison, no glyphosate was detected in tap water, which means the chemical is being ingested through food products. It is in fact, the most heavily used weed killer in history.
While much media attention has been levied at glyphosate for the association with cancer, in lower doses the chemical is also a strong endocrine disrupter.2 The health costs associated with exposure to hormone disrupters in Europe are estimated to be over $188 billion annually.3
Corporate spokespeople continue to say glyphosate is safe for use around humans, but recent revelations are beginning to completely unravel the well-orchestrated platform Monsanto is using to deceive the public.4
Monsanto has a long history with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other agencies that has assured its rise to a powerful industrial position.
Now, the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) is the first U.S. agency to declare that Roundup, and specifically the major active ingredient glyphosate, is in fact a probable human carcinogen….
California Takes a Stand Against Roundup | <urn:uuid:4735fca0-ca0c-41ee-8fd8-ca23f182caca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://freedomforhumanity2016.wordpress.com/tag/farmersfightmonsanto/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.952362 | 270 | 2.765625 | 3 |
How do we increase the range of a radio link? Here we look at the constraints at work when building a real-world long range radio link. We’ll show how and why LoRa Technology is the right choice for designing a radio link where range matters.
Long Range and Low Consumption in the Real World
How do we maximize the range of a low power radio link in a practical application? Assuming that we do not want to incur the hardware and recurring operating costs together with the high energy consumption of a Cellular solution, this means finding a solution in the license-free ISM band.
How to Make a Long Range RadioLink?
The picture above shows the real-world constraints imposed on a radio design. Here we’ll just consider a one-way link for simplicity, with a single transmitter, Tx and a receiver, Rx each connected to an antenna with gain, G.To improve the range of the link we need to consider the two fundamental constraints at work here:
These are the legal limits for operating a radio. These vary between jurisdictions, but if we look at the EU (ETSI) and US (FCC) regulations as a guide, the most important constraint that limits range is that transmitted power (PTX) above a certain level is not permitted. High power transmission also implies high power consumption – so is not necessarily desirable in the first place.
It is possible that we could increase the size and gain of the receiver antenna to augment our range, but the link needs to be suitable for the application. This ordinarily puts significant practical limitations on the size and gain of the antenna.
Given the combination of regulatory and practical constraints faced in designing a long range link, this leaves us with only the receiver sensitivity as the area where we are free to maximize our range.
Maximizing Sensitivity for Long Range Communication
Looking at the receiver shown below, we see the main elements present in almost every low power radio design today.
The signal arrives first at the Low Noise Amplifier, LNA. The role of the LNA is to amplify the signal, adding as little noise as possible. Every real amplifier adds noise. We use the noise figure, NF, as a measure of the noise added during the amplification process.
The mixer down-converts the amplified signal to a lower baseband or intermediate frequency, where the signal can be processed more easily by simpler, lower frequency electronics than at radio frequency.
The channel filter limits the frequencies ‘seen’ by the following stages. What is important here is that this also limits the thermal noise. Thermal noise is the electrical noise generated by all electronics which in radio systems, is expressed as a noise power density (kTB noise). Here k is Boltzmann’s constant, T is temperature and B is the bandwidth. In dB units at 25°C this equates to -174 dBm/Hz. For every Hz of channel filter (receiver) bandwidth, BW, we sum more of this noise power. Staying in decibels, the thermal noise power added is given by -174 + 10 * log10(BW).
Finally, we have the demodulator. This is where the received signal is converted (in our case) to a digital output. The demodulator can function down to a certain signal to noise ratio (SNR). Below this level the signal can either no longer be demodulated or will incur more errors.
The sum of all of these terms gives us our theoretical sensitivity expressed as an absolute power in dBm. This is shown graphically below:
If we want to increase our sensitivity, we must improve one of these parameters. Arguably the most effective way of doing this is to drastically reduce the SNR requirement at the demodulator input by using spread spectrum.
Spread Spectrum & Negative SNR
Spread spectrum is a technique that involves translating a low data rate signal and ‘spreading’ it over a wider frequency spectrum. Translating a low data rate signal to a wider band signal does increase the bandwidth (BW above) of our signal. However, with knowledge of the wider band signal used in the spreading process, it is possible for the receiver to correlate and ‘de-spread’ the spread spectrum signal with a negative signal to noise ratio, i.e. signals can be recovered from below the thermal noise.
Long Range with LoRa Spread Spectrum
This phenomenon is shown below. LoRa modulation uses wideband frequency chirp to spread and encode the input data. The benefit of LoRa spread spectrum is the ability to receive up to 20 dB below the thermal noise floor. Note that as we increase sensitivity we are obliged to send data at lower and lower effective data rates, increasing our time on air. The figure below shows this effect in action. In the same bandwidth we see the positive SNR required for MSK modulation compared with LoRa spreading factors (data rates) of SF10 and SF12.
This performance gives us the ability to choose between data rate and sensitivity in our application software. With no data rate or time-on-air penalty we win 8 dB of additional sensitivity compared with legacy modulation schemes - just by switching to LoRa modulation. Alternatively, we can transfer data at a lower data rate and benefit from even higher sensitivities and establish connections that would not have otherwise been possible.
Here we’ve seen that receiver sensitivity can be improved without any regulatory restriction and that spread spectrum allows us to improve the sensitivity of the receiver by receiving below the thermal noise. In the case of LoRa, using chirp spread spectrum, the receiver sensitivity can be increased by 8 dB with no additional energy consumption.
For a quick overview of designing with the LoRa modem please check out my Application Note on designing with the LoRa modem. To get more information on the specifics of the LoRa modem and how to optimise the consumption then please take a look at low power designer’s guide. | <urn:uuid:98cac263-9eb8-4a52-af36-fbd22565b6b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tech-journal.semtech.com/long-range-with-lora | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.908054 | 1,251 | 3.171875 | 3 |
It's been less than a year since Claire Coder launched Aunt Flow in November 2016, and there's been a lot going on since. The company, which sells and donates menstrual products in a buy-one-give-one fashion similar to Toms, has grown from selling tampons and pads to consumers to getting connected with businesses. It's part of Coder's larger mission to make sure everyone who gets a period also has access to free products right in their office bathroom, and, in this case, 100-percent cotton, FDA-regulated, hypoallergenic, and biodegradable free products. (The tampons, it should be noted, are sans applicator—common enough in Europe, and they generate 58 percent less waste, Coder says.)
First things first, though: You'd better not call them "feminine products" or refer to the category as "feminine hygiene" around Coder. A huge part of her business concept is normalizing the conversation around periods and making it inclusive to a wide range of gender identities. Like the "#JustSayPeriod" campaign by cycle-tracking app Clue, Aunt Flow is all about getting rid of euphemisms. ("Tampons" and "pads" are the preferred terms.) There's also the recognition that it's not just cisgender women who get periods: Trans men and people who don't identify as one gender get them too, so the company has eliminated the gendered pronouns of her and she from their materials.
As far as why periods, of all things, are her passion, she has a compelling narrative: “[When I was] growing up, my mom would talk to me about how many women she would serve—she’s a therapist—who would come to her groups wearing plastic bags or dirty socks when they were flowing,” she told me last December, soon after she started up. “I didn’t understand why. At my house we always had a stock.” But for people receiving food stamps or WIC assistance, running to Walgreens isn't financially an option with the cost of getting your period so high and their assistance doesn't cover menstrual products. Plus, she says, many organizations that provide tampons to those in need only have enough for two tampons per person per month.
"Craziness," Coder told me. "I knew I wanted to create a sustainable solution to this problem."
As of last week, Coder is bringing tampons to the "every-menstruator" (a term she coined to cover everyone who gets a period). The pivot to targeting businesses and organizations has seen her calling upon CEOs—men and women alike—to persuade them to make her tampons and pads available for free in company restrooms. After all, who among us hasn't been caught out at work when our period strikes unexpectedly, whether it's due to postpregnancy spotting, adjusting to a new method birth control, or just switching purses from the night before and forgetting to throw a tampon in? | <urn:uuid:8d9fe376-33c7-4722-9dae-45656968787c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.glamour.com/story/aunt-flow-free-tampons-startup | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.978202 | 629 | 1.515625 | 2 |
On the day of Apple's special iPhone event introducing iPhone 8 and iPhone X Samsung decided to try to change the subject as noted in our report titled "Samsung Attempts to Downplay Apple's new iPhones by Committing to a Foldable Note Smartphone for 2018." The debate as to when Samsung would bring their first folded smartphone has been covered in many of our reports over the year (one, two, three and four). Our April report was titled "Samsung will reportedly field test foldout smartphones this fall." After testing, Samsung apparently has decided to go back to their original "Fold-In" smartphone concept.
One of many designs on this front from Samsung is presented in our cover graphic which was covered in a Patently Mobile report back in January. One of Samsung's more elaborate patents on this kind of smartphone design was detailed in a Patently Mobile report posted back in December 2013 (when our site other blog was still called Patent Bolt). One of images from that report is noted below.
Today Samsung is getting the news out through several Korean tech site reports that they've decided to go with a fold-in smartphone design. In our September 12 report we quoted Samsung's mobile division chief Koh Dong-jin stating that "Samsung has the foldable smartphone in its roadmap for the Note series and is currently working to solve a series of hurdles before unveiling it next year. Samsung will not roll out the foldable smartphone as a stopgap product, but as a well-made flagship that can appeal to consumers."
Korea's Etnews reports today that "Samsung Electronics recently restarted developing in-folding foldable Smartphones with Samsung Display and its goal is to implement 3R in curvature of a display. 3R is a number that shows how much a display is bent and it indicates curvature that covers a circle with a radius of 3mm.
It is heard that Samsung Electronics was going for in-folding method when it just started developing foldable Smartphones and it had carried out many years of R&D on displays, parts, and materials that are related to in-folding method.
However it suddenly changed its direction of its project towards 'out-folding' method. It started developing Smartphones that can be folded outwardly instead of inwardly.
All of these changes in direction of foldable Smartphone project took place just 1 to 2 years ago. Until last year, development of out-folding foldable Smartphones was the biggest task for Samsung Electronics, Samsung Display, and other businesses that were in participating in this project.
Exact reason why Samsung Electronics changed direction of its foldable Smartphone project again is not known. However fact that it switched back to in-folding method, which was its initial project, indicates that it is now at a level where it can start working on a commercialization process of foldable Smartphones."
But at the end of the Etnews report they stated: "However a representative for Samsung Electronics said that although Samsung Electronics is in a process of preparing for release of foldable Smartphones, it is still in a development stage of foldable Smartphones."
In the end, even with Samsung's mobile division Chief Koh Dong-jin saying that Samsung would have their foldable smartphone ready for next year, we're now hearing another Samsung executive backtracking as fast as he possibly can to put their foldable smartphone project back into 'No Man's Land.' Oh, so surprising, Samsung attempting to manipulate the tech press.
About Making Comments on our Site: Patently Apple reserves the right to post, dismiss or edit any comments. Those using abusive language or negative behavior will result in being blacklisted on Disqus. | <urn:uuid:682d048e-2b66-47fb-935f-7f393b2a5310> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.patentlyapple.com/2017/09/samsungs-smoke-and-mirror-show-is-pumping-up-a-foldable-smartphone-for-2018.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.969187 | 750 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The Official Newsletter of
Driver Assist Task Force
COVID-19 Best Practices for Truckers
Shipping Food During a Pandemic
Broker Work-at-Home Solutions
Driver Assist Task Force
A Free Tools for Professional Drivers
In these unprecedented and uncertain times, our team has created a “Driver Assist Task Force.” Its multiple (and complimentary) crowd assist tools for drivers and fleets help the industry stay informed and keep the supply chain moving. Some of the complimentary tools include:
- Task Force
- Social Sharing Platform
- Crowd-sourced information (user generated content) from drivers on the road
- Moderated to keep advertising and driver recruiting from the site• Task Force
9 Things Truckers Should do in a Pandemic
(A Coronavirus Special Report)
Featuring: Jonathan Woolverton, RN, BSN, MPH
Right now, there is a crisis not only across America, but around the globe. Truck drivers are on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic that is sweeping our nation, and the concern on everyone’s mind; is safety.
Whether driving long hours or short distances – cross-country or within state borders – this country relies on the brave men and women at the forefront of supply delivery. Through occurrences in places like China, Europe, and North America, we have gathered some helpful hints and methods to practice safe precautionary measures to ensure a lower chance for infection and transmission during truck driver’s daily routes.
1. Personal Protective Equipment
Nose & Mouth
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) has allowed for health care staff to wear articles of clothing such as scarves and bandanas as makeshift facemasks in the event that no mask is available. This can be practices by truck drivers too when interacting with people during pick ups and drop offs.
In terms of gloves, if you do not have any, wear an old sweater around your……
Balancing Supply & Demand of Food Shipments During a Pandemic
An Account of the Challenges Facing the Food & Beverage Freight Sector
RWI Logistics is a logistics solution provider based in the Greater Cincinnati area, specializing in refrigerated truckload transportation encompassing freight management and brokerage services with an asset division. Given RWI’s large customer base in the food and beverage, produce and retail industry, RWI has experienced quite a surge in business caused by COVID-19 buying influxes.
We had a chance recently to chat with RWI’s Director of Technology and Continuous Improvement, Megan Fortenberry, about the ongoing COVID-19 crisis and the company’s big plans for the future.
Streamlining ALL Operations
How Tying Resources Together Increases Efficiency
How to Keep a Germ-Free Rig
Cleaning and disinfecting are two different things. And when it comes to your big rig it’s important to know the difference. Ongoing concerns about COVID-19 have prompted many questions about safety and prevention.
Here are some quick tips to follow to keep you in your rig virus free.
Common Touch Points
Let’s keep this simple. The places is in your cab that you frequently touch are most important to keep sanitized.
Keep the following things in mind while disinfecting:
- Steering wheel
- And any other things in your rig you touch frequently
What About Less Common Touch Points?
Some bacteria and viruses (including COVID-19) can live on various surfaces for hours or even days. A virus isn’t always transmitted from a person to a surface by touch…it can also become airborne through coughing, sneezing, talking, or even breathing. After becoming airborne……
Broker Work-From-Home Solutions
For those of us working from home, we have started to realize things like tracking shipments and obtaining paperwork is more challenging than ever. Luckily there is a solution that can elevate brokerages inside and outside the office…
Back-office automation is available NOW with Transflo Velocity:
· Solve visibility, communication and document problems permanently
· Join a digital platform of solutions (no better time than now)
· Transflo VIP document services are quick and easy to implement
With options like Velocity VIP, brokers and 3PLs can get started almost immediately – no lengthy integration process needed – Transflo handles setting things up so brokers can stay focused on business. Get ready for total transparency and accuracy (even while working from home).
Don’t accept decreased productivity as the new norm – Get automated today!
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Transflo Mobile Manage your whole workday – anywhere, anytime! Weigh station bypass, truck navigation with live traffic, E-Logs, loads, documents, & more.Watch Video
Transflo Completes Electronic Logging Device Registration with FMCSALearn More | <urn:uuid:ce4d8d2b-4085-481a-81fb-c6a4e0fc1f9a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.transflo.com/transport-report-issue-3-volume-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.91441 | 1,100 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Yesterday the United States Supreme Court ruled that homosexual and transgender people are protected from discrimination under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Many did not expect this result given the Court’s conservative majority. The crux of the issue in Bostock and the companion cases was whether Title VII’s prohibition against discrimination on the basis of sex covers sexual orientation and gender identity. (Although there has been much discussion in the popular press about the use and meaning of the word “sex” in the statute, the Court gave that word its ordinary meaning circa 1964: status as either male or female as determined by reproductive biology.) What surprises me the most about yesterday’s decisions is that the Court’s reasoning is not the reasoning the plaintiffs had urged it to adopt. In fact, the rulings are so laughably simple that I have to wonder if anyone saw this coming.
The employers in yesterday’s cases admitted that they fired the plaintiffs because of sexual orientation or transgender status. They simply argued that Title VII does not forbid their actions.
Plaintiffs were trying to extend reasoning first adopted in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins. Ann Hopkins was an associate at Price Waterhouse who was denied partnership despite having an exemplary work history and a substantial book of business. When she asked male partners the reasons for their decision, they explained that it had nothing to do with her work. She was too aggressive, didn’t act feminine enough, and didn’t dress or style her hair the way they believed a woman should. She sued. Price Waterhouse contended that it could not be guilty of sex discrimination because it had made partners of other women who conformed to their expectations.
Hopkins won. She successfully argued that an employer discriminates on the basis of sex if it conditions employment on conformance to standards of appearance or conduct that are based on gender stereotypes. Thus, it didn’t matter that Price Waterhouse elevated other women to partnership. What mattered was that a woman would only be considered for partnership if she was the “right kind” of woman, and the employer’s notion of what constituted the “right kind” of woman was based on sexist stereotypes.
The plaintiffs in yesterday’s cases were trying to extend the reasoning of Hopkins. They claimed they were fired because they weren’t the “right kind” of men and women as defined by stereotypical ideas about gender norms, and thus could seek redress under Title VII even though the law wasn’t specifically written to cover homosexuality and transgender.
The Court didn’t bite. It declined to address gender stereotypes or the changing perceptions of gay and transgender people. In fact, in a certain sense it didn’t address the rights of gay and transgender people at all. Instead, the Court reasoned as follows: Employees A and B are both attracted to women. Employee A is a man; he can stay. Employee B is a woman; she’s fired. The only distinction between A and B is their sex. It’s okay for A to be attracted to women because he’s a man. It isn’t okay for B because she’s a woman. That’s discrimination on the basis of sex. Boom, we’re done.
The same reasoning applies to transgender employees. Behavior that is tolerated in one employee because she was born female is not tolerated in another because she was born male. That distinction—sex—is the basis for distinguishing between them. That’s sex discrimination. Boom, we’re done.
There’s a sense in which the simplicity of this argument is brilliant. It is simply beyond argument that the defendant employers tolerated behavior in other employees that they did not tolerate in the plaintiffs, and the reason for the disparate treatment is the sex of the employees. The logic of the decisions is unassailable.
But it’s also narrow. The Court made no broad declarations about the rights of gay and transgender people. It did not find that they have been subject to a history of invidious discrimination. Thus, it did not define them as a protected class such that constitutional claims under the Due Process or Equal Protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment will receive special attention. In fact, it did not decide any constitutional claims at all. Yesterday’s cases were brought under a federal statute. Congress can amend that statute if it pleases, although it probably won’t. The Court did not find that Congress intended Title VII to cover gay and transgender people. It did not find that the needs of gay or transgender employees must be accommodated in any way that does not involve disparate treatment on the basis of sex. For this reason, yesterday’s rulings are a significant victory for gay and transgender people. But it is an incomplete victory, and it does not represent full equality under the law. | <urn:uuid:a89fbab8-229b-4a06-a0d6-6d9c09dd8bae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sweynforkbeard.blog/2020/06/16/bostock-v-clayton-county-explained/?like_comment=40&_wpnonce=0fcb20f9cb | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.970837 | 1,004 | 2.125 | 2 |
Discover various ways to balance by yourself! This toy comes with a curved plywood board and rope that help children learn to balance by standing up, sitting down, rocking back and forth. Great for developing physical strength and body control.
- Develop balance and coordination skills through active play
- Includes a curved sustainable wooden board and rope for stability
- The perfect active toy to incorporate into educational environments to encourage movement, activity and physical development
- Sustainably made in Thailand using chemical-free rubberwood, formaldehyde-free glue, organic pigments and water-based dyes.
Factors for Child Development:
Package Dimension (W x L x H) :
Product Dimension (W x L x H) : | <urn:uuid:18e70b35-eaab-4092-8dd0-bbe6cd5da69b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.plantoys.com/products/balance-board | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.901139 | 159 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Summer of Science
This summer, Community Central Teen Leaders are joining teen leaders and interns across the state to teach the UMaine EPSCOR Summer of Science program.
The Summer of Science program consists of science sessions taught weekly at over 40 sites for six weeks. This year’s theme is Find Your Inner Engineer.
Youth participants across the state will help interns and teen leaders solve engineering problems as they think about how we could get materials to an island to build a clubhouse. Stay tuned to see what our young scientists learn and create!
This material is based upon the work of 4-H Community Central Maine, a project supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, United States (U.S.) Department of Agriculture, through a cooperative agreement with The University of Maine under award number 2014-41520-22235
General information about the CYFAR grant program can be accessed online.
For further information about the CYFAR-funded project highlighted in this publication, contact:
CYFAR Project Name: 4-H Community Central Maine
Principal Investigator: Kristy L. Ouellette
Email Address: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:84e4bbf7-8119-4ddb-9d58-852914794de1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://extension.umaine.edu/4h/2018/07/09/summer-of-science/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.875614 | 243 | 2.4375 | 2 |
The sun, the ocean, the pool oh my! Is your hair feeling dry or over-processed? In May we discussed how the pool, the sun and the ocean can make hair feel icky. Remember your hair is like fabric and it needs care. Most commercial conditioners are what we call "surface" conditioners. The only make the surface feel good. They use agents that lead to buildup and eventually dull the hair. Professional products use the some of the same agents but are better in quality and combine them with more reparative ingredients. For example Davines NouNou (pronounced new new) For dry hair or hair damaged by treatments such as highlights, bleaching, perm or straightening uses all natural ingredients. Tomato extract, jojoba seed oil, olive fruit oil are some ingredients. NouNou is rich in carbohydrates and proteins, it has a strong nourishing power and an anti-oxidant action due to vitamin C. Fun fact: the Torre Guaceto Fiaschetto Tomato extract is used in NouNou. *"This juicy and sweet small tomato is part of the gastronomic tradition of its region: it was the main ingredient that all families, even in urban areas, used to prepare the tomato sauce for the winter. Yet, despite its historical importance, the Fiaschetto tomato came close to disappearing: growing it was too expensive and its yields were too low compared to modern hybrids developed for sauce making.Thanks to a careful search in the private vegetable gardens of the area of Torre Guaceto, Fiaschetto plants were found and were used to reintroduce this refined tomato variety." (* from Davines resources).
THE HOLIDAY COUNTDOWN BEGINS
Before you know it Back to School and Pumpkin Spice everything will be here. Halloween is 14 weeks away. Thanksgiving is 17 weeks. Christmas is only 21 weeks away. Do you want to beat the last minute rush? Schedule your appointments now. For some that will be 3 or 4 haircuts & colors. If you're a college student the last 3 weeks of August and Christmas break come quick. There is a mad dash for those prime dates. Glam will be closed the following days: Saturday September 3rd November 24th, 25th and 26th December 24th to January 2nd- Reopen January 3rd 2023
AUGUST 2022 Promotions
REPAIR YOUR SUMMER HAIR-Detox, Clarify and reconditioning plus a take home conditioning mask $22. This treatment will clear all unwanted environmental elements from the hair, then repair the damaged cuticle, and then deep condition the hair. Leaving your hair shiny and smooth.
Add an ABC Conditioning service with your Highlites plus a take home conditioning mask for $22. This treatment closes the cuticle after the highlighting process. Leaving hair manageable and healthy
Davines Mono Mask plus a take home conditioning mask $18. This simple in-salon treatment helps those with dry, dull hair. Perfect for any hair type.
BACK TO SCHOOL STOCK UP AND SAVE
Buy any 1 Davines or Redken get 10% off
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Buy any 3 Davines or Redken get 20% Off
ENTER TO WIN
Refer a friend and you receive a $25 thank you and you get entered to win: | <urn:uuid:e1402d60-ce48-42d7-9a83-727cf981600f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.glamhair.net/post/august-2022-news | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.934334 | 704 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Decorated U.S. Olympians Michael Phelps and Allison Schmitt will serve as Honorary Chairpersons of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) National Children’s Mental Health Awareness Day (Awareness Day).
The Awareness Day 2017 event takes place Thursday, May 4, at The George Washington University Jack Morton Auditorium in Washington, DC.
Mr. Phelps and Ms. Schmitt will each receive a SAMHSA Special Recognition Award for speaking candidly about their experiences with mental health and working to support youth and young adults with similar experiences. Through the Michael Phelps Foundation, Mr. Phelps has worked on numerous initiatives to support the foundation’s core mission of promoting active and healthy lifestyles for children. Ms. Schmitt is passionate about helping youth and young adults with mental health challenges and has spoken about her mental health journey at numerous speaking engagements at foundations and mental health organizations across the country.
Awareness Day 2017: “Partnering for Help and Hope” will focus on the importance of integrating behavioral health and primary care for children, youth, and young adults with mental and/or substance use disorders, as well as those who may experience chronic illness.
The event will follow a talk show format featuring interactive panel discussions about understanding the connection between physical and behavioral health, and improving communication between primary care providers, behavioral health providers, youth and families.
WHO: SAMHSA’s Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Use Kana Enomoto
U.S. Olympians and Awareness Day Honorary Chairpersons Michael Phelps and Allison Schmitt
WHAT: SAMHSA’s National Children’s Mental Health Awareness Day 2017 National Event
WHEN: Thursday, May 4, 2017
7–9:00 p.m., EDT
WHERE: The George Washington University School of Media & Public Affairs
Jack Morton Auditorium
805 21st Street, NW
Washington, DC 20052 | <urn:uuid:5a577dbd-928d-4004-9a06-1502adedd151> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.looktothestars.org/news/16578-michael-phelps-and-allison-schmitt-join-samhsas-national-childrens-mental-health-awareness-day-2017 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.91595 | 408 | 1.765625 | 2 |
The Limited Liability Company, or LLC, is a legal form of business organization that offers the benefits of several other traditional structures. Like a sole proprietorship or partnership, an LLC is not taxed as its own entity. However, it still has the benefit of limited liability, the same as a corporation. An LLC can also have an endless amount of shareholders, like a corporation. However, the LLC is dissolved if one of those members dies or files for bankruptcy. Different forms of limited liability companies have been around for hundreds years, but the modern LLC, like the legislature enacted in California, became more popular in the past several decades.
Can My Business Be Formed as an LLC?
The right business form is a decision left up to each business that openes in California. An LLC is started just by filing the appropriate form with the Secretary of State. However, there can be an additional fee required for forming your LLC, determined by California laws that govern the formation and actions of LLC's. In deciding whether you should organize as an LLC, you should consider carefully the applicable laws. Finding the right business structure for your company may lead to increased profits, but the process may take some time.
Can I Change the Form of My Business to an LLC?
Businesses in Chino Hills may change their forms in particular circumstances. Whether a business may convert to a LLC or not is determined by California law.
How Can an Attorney Help?
Attorneys experienced in California business law can give you valuable input on whether your business would be more profitable as a LLC. | <urn:uuid:a2c90785-231f-46a0-b6c0-90a2bb737fd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businessattorneys.legalmatch.com/CA/Chino-Hills/business-form-llc.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.970123 | 317 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Corigine has announced production availability of its MimicPro™ prototyping systems based on Xilinx UltraScale™ FPGAs. The Corigine prototyping system delivers an unprecedented level of automation and performance for FPGA based prototyping, accelerating silicon verification and pre-silicon software development at semiconductor companies.
“The Corigine MimicPro system has opened the flood gates to a marvelous new level of functionality for standalone prototyping, making it available for every validation and software engineering desktop,” said Corigine CEO Sheng Lu, “And MimicPro delivers all this without the dependency on high-cost emulation,” he added.
The Corigine MimicPro system functionality includes automated partitioning with system-level view for optimal performance.
“Xilinx FPGAs make it possible for Corigine to deliver features in its MimicPro prototyping system that eliminate, or severely reduce, the need for costly recompilations,” said Chris Stinson, senior director of Test, Measurement and Emulation Markets at Xilinx. “By leveraging the high-speed SelectIO, fast configuration and readback features in Xilinx FPGAs, the MimicPro systems are able to deliver the Corigine FullView™ technology capabilities such as monitoring and force/release that are essential for debugging and functional safety prototyping.”
The MimicPro system brings the scalability needed for the complete line of a semiconductor enterprise’s SOCs and IP and delivers deep local debug capabilities for quicker elimination of bugs. The Corigine MimicPro prototyping system can be deployed in the enterprise as well as over the cloud and has been architected to address the needs of the next generation of SOCs for AI, automotive, communication, processing, vision, and upcoming applications in silicon.
The Corigine MimicPro systems are available as 1, 4 and 32-FPGA systems, with new systems to be announced with greater number of FPGAs. | <urn:uuid:d8baecde-c626-4a4f-bb48-ae56d3cbbdb5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eenewsembedded.com/en/prototyping-system-for-asic-and-pre-silicon-software-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.90765 | 420 | 1.523438 | 2 |
By Henry Chu, Los Angeles Times
PARIS — Deep beneath the City of Light lies what some believe to be an energy bonanza ripe for harvest.
If the rosy forecasts are correct, France is sitting on one of the biggest deposits of shale gas in Western Europe, enough to supply the country for decades and even some neighboring ones as well. French companies such as energy giant Total already boast the know-how for conducting the hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, needed to extract the natural gas.
There’s just one hitch: Fracking is forbidden in France. And the current government has pledged to keep it that way.
French officials side with those who consider fracking dangerous and environmentally damaging because of its deep-bore drilling and use of high-pressured, chemically treated water to blast apart rock to release the gas trapped inside. Backers of the ban say that estimates of French shale gas reserves are wildly optimistic and that the focus should be on reining in fossil fuel consumption, not encouraging it.
But the energy industry warns that France is making a big, and costly, mistake.
At a time when Europe is talking urgently of the need to decrease its reliance on imported gas from a newly muscular Russia, to ignore a possible major source of energy here at home is inexplicable, critics say. The French government has outlawed not just exploitation but even exploration of potential shale gas reserves, making an informed debate on what’s out there and what to do with it impossible, energy executives complain.
“The fact that fracking is banned puts a lid on everything,” said Jean-Louis Schilansky, president of the French Union of Petroleum Industries. “France is at a standstill, which could be, in the long term, a real problem.”
France is the only one of the European Union’s 28 nations besides Bulgaria to ban fracking for shale gas, although some other countries have adopted a cautious wait-and-see attitude. By contrast, across the English Channel, the British government has announced enthusiastically that it is going “all out for shale” and issued numerous permits for prospecting.
This has given rise to what Schilansky calls a “strange state of affairs,” in which French energy companies have invested millions of dollars in other countries such as Britain in pursuit of an activity they’re prohibited from undertaking in their own.
But environmentalists note that popular opinion in France is strongly against fracking — as high as 80 percent. That’s greater than the opposition to nuclear energy, which provides most of France’s electricity.
Both sides of the debate agree that public sentiment has been heavily influenced by the controversial 2010 documentary Gasland, which blamed fracking for polluting groundwater in the United States. The Oscar-nominated film, which famously shows a Pennsylvania man lighting the water from his tap on fire, struck a chord with the French, who cherish their tracts of unspoiled countryside and pride themselves on having given Evian and Perrier to the world.
“The costs are a thousand times worse than the benefits,” said Benoit Hartmann, spokesman for France Nature Environment, an umbrella organization of environmental groups. “In Texas, you do digging, and it’s culturally accepted. But here it’s not like this. People say, ‘It’s our land; it’s our richness.'”
The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates there could be nearly 4 trillion cubic meters of gas, about 80 times France’s current annual consumption of roughly 50 billion cubic meters. Most of the reserves are believed to lie beneath the Paris Basin, in northern France.
But critics say that the figure is little more than a guess since no comprehensive study has been conducted and that, in any case, not all the trapped gas would be extractable. They cite the example of Poland — the only EU country thought to harbor a larger shale gas supply than France — where colossally high estimates have been consistently revised downward. Some energy companies that rushed to lay their hands on prospecting licenses in Poland have begun pulling out in disappointment.
The energy industry argues that France should at least allow an assessment to be performed to lend context to public debate.
“The key is to evaluate how much there is,” Schilansky said. “As long as we’re not doing that, it’s (just) throwing arguments about, like philosophy.”
What’s not in dispute is the fact that, at present, France relies on other countries for almost all its natural gas, importing it from Norway, the Netherlands, and northern Africa.
Though it also receives some from Russia, France is less dependent on Russian supplies than other European countries such as Germany and Italy. That may have fostered a lesser sense of urgency here than elsewhere in Europe of the need to develop domestic sources.
Yet as a leading member of the EU, which has made weaning itself from Russian gas a priority since Moscow’s annexation of Ukraine’s Crimea region, France is under pressure to be part of the solution. An EU energy strategy report released last month emphasized the need to pursue alternative, homegrown sources of gas.
“If we don’t want to be overdependent (on Russia), then we will have to do anything we can to meet our own energy needs,” said Thierry Bros, senior European gas analyst for Societe Generale in Paris. “We have no silver bullet ready to fire today. It’s going to be a very lengthy and possibly costly process.”
Advocates of shale gas say it offers a good transition for countries trying to reduce oil consumption and to increase cleaner fuel sources such as solar and wind, which currently account for a negligible, and usually quite expensive, portion of most nations’ energy supplies. Currently, 75 percent of France’s energy comes from nuclear power — the most of any advanced nation. About 15 percent is derived from renewable sources and the rest from fossil fuels.
Photo: danielfoster437 via Flickr
Interested in world news? Sign up for our daily email newsletter! | <urn:uuid:f89373a7-4bf9-419b-b7cc-74cc0cfcb501> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nationalmemo.com/pressure-builds-frances-ban-fracking | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.951835 | 1,276 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Department Of Education Launches Financial Aid Toolkit Website
Career College Central summary:
The U.S. Department of Education announced the launch of a new website that will support college advisers and guidance counselors in selecting the best course of access and affordability for prospective students. The Financial Aid Toolkit combines the vast scope of financial aid resources and other related materials into a large, searchable database.
Education Secretary Arne Duncan (pictured) was in Las Vegas yesterday at the 2013 Federal Student Aid Training Conference for Financial Aid Professionals, taking a moment to address the 6,000 attendees and introducing the Toolkit. Mr. Duncan also laid out plans by the Obama administration to create a college ratings system that would improve funds for institutions based on performance and the like.
However, it was the Toolkit’s roll out that would prove to be the most-significant portion of Duncan’s morning announcement, and it was further explained in the following press release:
By equipping counselors and mentors with financial aid information, we can help to ensure current and potential students are getting the assistance they need to successfully navigate the process of planning and paying for a post-secondary education,” said U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan. This toolkit builds on the administration’s ongoing efforts to improve college access and affordability, and it is an important step toward meeting the President’s 2020 goal of having the most college graduates in the world.
President Barack Obama has been working closely with the Education Department as part of an earlier announced plan last August to bolster higher education programs. This move includes increasing the value of post-secondary education, making colleges more affordable, working with education.
Click through for full article content. | <urn:uuid:24a13bcf-e7a0-4275-96b3-84518a6ddcab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.careercollegecentral.com/news/department-of-education-launches-financial-aid-toolkit-website/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.948647 | 370 | 2.125 | 2 |
The trillion-dollar tech giants of the future will likely come from the world of crypto. Blockchain and encrypted assets are revolutionizing industries worldwide. By operating in a new world with no borders, their applications are transforming many aspects of the old regime.
Trading platforms play a vital role within the blockchain ecosystem, acting as essential infrastructure and market makers for the industry’s growing base of global traders. The competitive landscape of these trading platforms indicates they may very well become the global financial institutions of our future, on a par with the likes of Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan. However, many traditional financial institutions lack the encryption capabilities that are hardwired into the DNA of these trading platforms. And while many traditional financial institutions claim to be global, in truth they tend to be dominant only in their home markets.
Over the past few years, the crypto trading platform Huobi has elevated its position in the global blockchain ecosystem, evolving from a regional player to a truly global platform. Founded in 2013, Huobi Group has become a leader in the digital economy, making breakthroughs in core blockchain technologies and integrating blockchain technology with other industries. Huobi Group has expanded into industry blockchains, public chains, digital assets trading, wallets and market research, all of which fit with the company’s goal of building a global ecosystem for the digital economy.
By 2018, Huobi’s strategic intent to go global was apparent. One by one, it set up operations centers in major crypto markets including Singapore, Japan, South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Huobi is also at the forefront of crypto regulations, having successfully won Type 4 MSB (advising on securities) and Type 9 (asset management) licenses issued by the Hong Kong Securities Regulatory Commission, as well as digital currency licenses issued by the Financial Services Agency of Japan.
Huobi understands that the global blockchain industry will become increasingly regulated as its influence grows and governments seek to protect investors. Huobi’s goal is to obtain crypto operating licenses wherever they are needed in the world so it can allow people everywhere to access everything blockchain has to offer.
The success of Huobi’s ECO Chain, Heco, launched in December 2020, demonstrates the company’s global capabilities. The chain was created to help developers build decentralized applications with flexibility and efficiency. Huobi raised a substantial $200 million fund to support the growth of its ecosystem. In a little over eight months, the Heco blockchain has grown to nearly 7.5 million blocks in height, and has enabled the settlement of 450 million transactions around the world. Heco is now one of the most active public chains on the planet.
Huobi’s strategy is to expand from a core cryptocurrency exchange business into a wider range of applications, specifically to drive industry blockchain adoption. An example of how this might turn out can be seen in mainstream markets. Stock exchanges in the traditional financial markets have enjoyed extraordinary market success in recent years, primarily by expanding quickly from their core businesses. HKEx, the owner of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, has seen its share price increase almost 19 times, from HK$26 (US$3.35) to HK$485 ($62.41), in a little over 15 years, now boasting a market capitalization of HK$615 billion ($79.1 billion). HKEx did this by providing a wider range of services than its original equity listing and exchange business.
Similarly, Huobi aims to be the leading digital economy company by providing safe and reliable Internet of Value (IoV) services for users across hundreds of countries and regions. With basic blockchain services at its core, Huobi is building a blockchain industry ecosystem that integrates technology with digital asset research, all through its safe and open platform. | <urn:uuid:e3d0b4a5-284b-4632-996d-54ebcfedcb85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://top-forex-brokers.com/2021/09/30/building-the-blockchain-business-of-the-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.94995 | 767 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Many organisations had workplace flexibility policies, but with some organisations there was a disconnect between the policy and how accepting the organisational culture was of the practice.
Up until a few weeks ago, it was not uncommon for lawyers to understand the unwritten norm of being present in the office was required for good work performance and for career advancement. Indeed, for many early career lawyers, the reality ingrained in them is that to get ahead, you must arrive before your manager in the morning and leave after your manager goes home.
Yet, we have been hearing regularly for the last decade about the benefits of flexible work. Indeed, the Society on Human Resource Management predicted “telecommuting was the way of the future” in their report, ‘Workplace Flexibility in the 21st Century, published in 2008’; and research from 30 years, ‘The Impact of Flexible Scheduling on Employee Attendance and Turnover’, ago also noted the benefits of flexible hours on employee attrition.
Flexible work typically has been framed as a working mum or Generation-Y issue. Female lawyers who pursued working from home or a modified work schedule were assumed to no longer be ambitious or serious about upward mobility for their career. At the same time, some organisations normalised flexible work policies because of the push from Millennials, but the practice in many workplaces continued to have a stigma.
Despite the mandates of shutting down non-essential workplaces for weeks at a time, the current pandemic crisis has a small silver lining—the ability for millions of workers of all ages and backgrounds across the globe to experience the benefits of working flexibly and remotely. Only now the proponents of the presentism mindset are experiencing the benefits of flexible and remote working.
Could COVID-19 be the trigger to institutionalise flexible and remote work and be truly accepted in organisations where there has been an unwritten norm that penalised lawyers who used it?
Permanency of the ‘new normal’
Seemingly overnight, COVID-19 has shifted working patterns for millions of people, and many organisations are expecting it to transform how their employees work permanently. Millions of individuals will get to experience multiple days in a row of working without commuting long distances, and the benefit of being close to home to look after the children or when a family member is sick. Moreover, employees may not want to return to the office once the mandates are lifted. The chance for many to reset their expectations in terms of how they work on such a large scale is unprecedented.
In fact, several leaders have made big predictions. Paul Miller, the CEO and co-founder of the Digital Workplace Group, states that he thinks there is a “consensus that this a fundamental shift in how work gets done”. Describing it as the “new normal” versus “returning to normal”, Miller notes the incomplete picture of what the “new normal” will look like, but he is 100 percent sure that how work gets done now won’t be the same as it was before.
Matt Mullenweg, CEO of Automattic, which owns WordPress and Tumbler, was quoted recently in an article in the Guardian, indicating that “COVID-19 could cause [a] permanent shift towards home working”, adding the situation presents the opportunity for many organisations to build a culture that allows for “long-overdue work flexibility”.
Workplace cultures put to the test
To succeed in the new normal, organisations will need to foster team collaboration and support. At the same time, the ability of executives and managers to adapt quickly probably has never been more critical at any time in the last decade. Certainly, there is a huge need for every worker to deploy all five senses of tuning in to our individual and collective humanity. More specifically, this could include:
Testing the resiliency of the organisational culture: The potentially extended nature of this crisis will determine the strength of company culture. The need for empathy and understanding on a massive scale will indeed be required, along with the likely extended period of working remotely, dealing with feelings of isolation, and the fear of contracting COVID-19. “The onus will be on leadership and people managers to take measures to support employees thrust into working in a way many wouldn’t choose”, say Miller.
Indeed, many workers are forced to adapt to a complex situation on top of having their work situations upended. For example, many parents who have office jobs, and young children, are taking on a greater role in their children’s learning because of school closures—and must balance this with the responsibility of working productively. Still, there are others who have ill or aged loved ones, that they cannot visit in the hospital, or travel long distances to take care of because of the ‘shelter in place’ mandates or are symptomatic and must quarantine.
Managers acting as catalysts for employee support: With large swaths of workers dealing with a combination of the various situations for multiple weeks, managers and supervisors need to acknowledge that listening to these employees is a key component of the glue that can keep the company’s culture together. Revealing their own struggles and showing their own humanity can go a long way in making direct reports feel comfortable in letting their own guard down.
Checking in one-on-one with each employee and demonstrating a softer leadership style are also critically important during extended periods of stress and in an environment where drastic changes have occurred, especially in how work is getting done.
Employees needing to stay connected to peers: Individual contributors also need to proactively reach out and stay connected with peers and colleagues. The human side of remote work is more important than ever, and deeper understanding of what one another are going through enhances relationships. It is also a great tool for continuing to keep internal and external connections warm and for advancing one’s own career.
When this crisis inevitably passes, the ‘new normal’ will be different in every organisation, but one thing that is very likely to remain for many is that some form of workplace flexibility will be normalised within organisational cultures. | <urn:uuid:567ad208-79c3-4857-bbd4-78bd9ff05329> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://legalsolutions.thomsonreuters.co.uk/blog/2020/04/08/workplace-flexibility-will-the-current-public-health-crisis-encourage-change-to-organisational-culture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.968048 | 1,280 | 1.601563 | 2 |
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bodichon, Barbara Leigh Smith
BODICHON, BARBARA LEIGH SMITH (1827–1891), English educationalist, was born at Watlington, Norfolk, on the 8th of April 1827, the daughter of Benjamin Smith (1783–1860), long M.P. for Norwich. She early showed a force of character and catholicity of sympathy that later won her a prominent place among philanthropists and social workers. In 1857 she married an eminent French physician, Dr Eugène Bodichon, and, although wintering many years in Algiers, continued to lead the movements she had initiated in behalf of Englishwomen. In 1869 she published her Brief Summary of the Laws of England concerning Women, which had a useful effect in helping forward the passage of the Married Women’s Property Act. In 1866, co-operating with Miss Emily Davies, she matured a scheme for the extension of university education to women, and the first small experiment at Hitchin developed into Girton College, to which Mme Bodichon gave liberally of her time and money. With all her public interests she found time for society and her favourite art of painting. She studied under William H. Hunt, and her water-colours, exhibited at the Salon, the Academy and elsewhere, showed great originality and talent, and were admired by Corot and Daubigny. Her London salon included many of the literary and artistic celebrities of her day; she was George Eliot’s most intimate friend, and, according to her, the first to recognize the authorship of Adam Bede. Her personal appearance is said to be described in that of Romola. Mme Bodichon died at Robertsbridge, Sussex, on the 11th of June 1891. | <urn:uuid:71966442-80a8-4cbe-96cc-ae6a8b4ead93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bodichon,_Barbara_Leigh_Smith | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.975827 | 382 | 2.21875 | 2 |
|Year : 2019 | Volume
| Issue : 1 | Page : 87-90
Breast carcinoma with pituitary metastasis
Gurjeet Singh Chowdhary, Purvesh Agrawal
Department of Medicine and Medical Oncology, INHS Asvini, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
|Date of Submission||16-Jun-2018|
|Date of Acceptance||31-Oct-2018|
|Date of Web Publication||19-Jun-2019|
Surg Lt Purvesh Agrawal
Department of Medicine, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai - 400 005, Maharashtra
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
Background: Metastatic tumors are among the most common lesions in the brain. The pituitary gland is an uncommon site of metastasis for malignancies. Breast cancer is the most common primary neoplasm metastasizing to pituitary in women. It may cause hormonal problems in different patterns due to mass effect and invasion to the pituitary gland. Case Report: We report here a 47-year-old woman with estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-negative, of human epidermal growth factor-2-positive metastatic breast cancer being treated with palliative radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and antihormonal therapy. Conclusion: Pituitary metastasis is a rare event in cancer progression. Diabetes insipidus is the most important criterion for differentiation of pituitary metastasis from adenomas. Metastases to the pituitary gland from breast and lung primaries may indicate more advanced disease; however, despite this, localized radiotherapy nearly always needs to be considered to provide improvement in symptoms.
Keywords: Diabetes insipidus, metastatic breast carcinoma, pituitary metastasis, radiotherapy
|How to cite this article:|
Chowdhary GS, Agrawal P. Breast carcinoma with pituitary metastasis. J Mar Med Soc 2019;21:87-90
| Introduction|| |
Metastatic tumors are among the most common lesions in the brain. The most common origins of brain metastasis are systemic cancer of the lung, breast, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. Breast cancer is the main source of metastatic disease in women., The interval between the diagnosis of primary breast cancer and brain metastasis can be up to 3 years. The first site of distant failure is the brain alone or as a component of metastatic disease.
The pituitary gland and infundibulum can be involved in a variety of medical conditions, including infiltrative diseases, fungal infections, tuberculosis, and primary and metastatic tumors. Metastases to the pituitary gland are absolutely rare, and they are often related to primary breast or lung cancers. Pituitary metastases more commonly affect the posterior lobe and the infundibulum rather than the anterior lobe. The most common sign of this metastatic involvement is diabetes insipidus.
| Case Report|| |
A 47-year-old premenopausal woman presented with right breast lump involving whole of the breast. She was a known case of primary hypertension with no other comorbidities. She had no family history of malignancy. She had infiltrative ductal carcinoma on histopathology. Immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptors was positive whereas for progesterone receptors was negative. However, overexpression of human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) was detected. A whole-body positron emission tomography–computed tomography (CT) scanning was suggestive of Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid soft tissue lesion noted in the right breast with specks of calcification noted within [Figure 1] and multiple FDG-avid hepatic lesions with multiple skeletal metastases. Focal FDG-avidity noted in the pituitary fossa [Figure 2] with no overt morphological abnormality noted in the CT images. She was staged T4N1M1 and started on tamoxifen + GnRH analog and bisphosphonates with palliative radiotherapy to dorsal spine in view of fracture DV8 and DV12. She was also started on immunotherapy with trastuzumab in view of HER2-positive status.
|Figure 1: Fluorodeoxyglucose-avid soft tissue lesion noted in the right breast with specks of calcification noted within. There is fat stranding noted in the region around the lesion|
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During follow-up, after fifth cycle of maintenance trastuzumab, the patient reported with 2-week history of polydipsia, polyuria, and loss of body weight. She did not have headache or visual complaints. Physical examination revealed no neurological or visual field deficits. The results of laboratory tests revealed a very low urine osmolality (104 mOsm/kg) compared to that of the plasma (352 mOsm/kg) and a plasma sodium of 158 mEq/L, a glucose of 110 mg/dl, and a calcium of 8.1 mg/dl. An endocrinological evaluation showed normal cortisol hormone, plasma growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, except mild hyperprolactinemia.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed contrast-enhanced lesion in sella with thickening of infundibulum [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5]. Based on the clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and radiological findings, the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus without compromising anterior pituitary function was caused by a metastasis in the dorsal part of the pituitary gland. She was then treated with nasal spray l-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin 20 mcg twice daily. She was referred for radiotherapy to the pituitary fossa. She was treated with radiotherapy to the pituitary fossa and received a total of 30 Gy in 10 fractions to the pituitary fossa. This resulted in a very significant improvement in her symptoms. The symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia resolved completely under treatment and local radiotherapy.
|Figure 3: T1-weighted axial section magnetic resonance imaging brain with a well-defined heterogeneously enhancing nodular soft tissue lesion noted in sella inseparable from the pituitary gland|
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|Figure 4: T2-weighted coronal section magnetic resonance imaging brain showing heterogeneous enhancement in sella|
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|Figure 5: T2-weighted sagittal section magnetic resonance imaging brain – the infundibulum appears to be thickened and shows enhancement. Another well-defined ring-enhancing lesion noted in the left frontal region in the parasagittal location|
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| Discussion|| |
Pituitary metastasis of cancers is an uncommon occasion. Furthermore, less than 1% of pituitary masses surgically resected are diagnosed as metastatic tumors. The metastasis to the pituitary more commonly involves posterior lobe alone or in combination with anterior pituitary in 85% of cases, while anterior pituitary alone is involved only in 15%. The hematogenous spread (from portal vessels to the pituitary parenchyma or diaphragma sellae) is the most important mechanism for the development of these metastases. Alternative hypotheses for the spread are extension from juxtasellar and skull base metastasis or a meningeal spread through the suprasellar cistern. At diagnosis, most patients are elderly in the sixth or seventh decade of life and have widespread diseases with multiple sites of metastases.
The most common symptom of pituitary metastasis seems to be diabetes insipidus. Diagnosis of pituitary metastasis might be missed in the absence of overt clinical symptoms of hormonal insufficiency and vision problems caused by a large metastatic hypophyseal mass compressing chiasma opticum. Patients may have signs and symptoms of nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and weight loss could be seen in panhypopituitarism and also be easily attributed to the side effects of chemotherapy received or the primary malignancy. Diabetes insipidus is the most important criterion for differentiation of pituitary metastasis from adenomas. The general clinical manifestations of metastases in the hypothalamo–pituitary region differ from pituitary adenoma. Metastases present with diabetes insipidus or, less commonly, with extraocular nerve palsies.,, These symptoms occur in less than 2% of patients with pituitary adenoma. Thus, diabetes insipidus is the most important criterion for the differentiation of pituitary metastasis from adenomas. Other clinical characteristics that raise the suspicion for a pituitary lesion to represent a metastatic lesion rather than a benign adenoma include headaches, visual field deficits due to cranial nerve palsies (especially abducens nerve palsy), presence of skull bone destruction, demonstration of rapid growth on serial scans, and presence of coexisting focal lesions. In general, a significantly elevated prolactin level is seen with adenomas; however, any hypothalamic–pituitary mass lesion compressing the pituitary stalk can cause elevation of the prolactin level. The MRI findings are useful in trying to differentiate the cause of the pituitary mass lesion. Pituitary metastases are usually isointense on T1-weighted images with usually high intensity on T2-weighted images. This is in contrast to adenomas which tend to be isointense on T1 and T2 although these findings may not be highly specific. There is also homogeneous enhancement with gadolinium.
The treatment modalities for pituitary metastases include surgical resection, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiotherapy. Systemic treatment with endocrine therapy or chemotherapy can also be used. The role of surgery in the setting of metastatic disease seems to be mainly in establishing the diagnosis. Surgery seems to be recommended when a symptomatic mass is present and the diagnosis is uncertain and when obtaining tissue would be useful in establishing the diagnosis in patients with limited metastatic disease.,, When metastases are likely, radiotherapy or gamma knife radiosurgery are good options for relief of symptoms. Prognosis of pituitary metastasis is poor. Median survival is 6–7 months. However, the prognosis and survival primarily depend on the characteristics of the tumor.
| Conclusion|| |
Pituitary metastasis is a rare event in cancer progression. Diabetes insipidus is the most important criterion for differentiation of pituitary metastasis from adenomas. Metastases to the pituitary gland from breast and lung primaries may indicate more advanced disease; however, despite this, localized radiotherapy nearly always needs to be considered to provide improvement in symptoms. In this case, despite the progression of disease to the pituitary gland, treatment with localized radiotherapy proved very beneficial with resolution of her symptoms.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the patient has given her consent for her images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patient understands that her names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References|| |
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Tumors metastatic to the pituitary gland: Case report and literature review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:574-80.
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McCormick PC, Post KD, Kandji AD, Hays AP. Metastatic carcinoma to the pituitary gland. Br J Neurosurg 1989;3:71-9.
Max MB, Deck MD, Rottenberg DA. Pituitary metastasis: Incidence in cancer patients and clinical differentiation from pituitary adenoma. Neurology 1981;31:998-1002.
Branch CL Jr., Laws ER Jr. Metastatic tumors of the sella turcica masquerading as primary pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;65:469-74.
Roessmann V, Kaufman B, Friede RL. Metastatic lesions in the sella tunica and pituitary gland. Cancer 1970; 25: 478-80.
Hollenhorst RW, Younge BR. Ocular manifestations produced by adenomas of the pituitary gland: Analysis of 1000 cases. In: Kohler PO, Ross GT, editors. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Tumors. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; 1973. p. 53-64.
Al-Aridi R, El Sibai K, Fu P, Khan M, Selman WR, Arafah BM, et al.
Clinical and biochemical characteristic features of metastatic cancer to the sella turcica: An analytical review. Pituitary 2014;17:575-87.
Levy A. Pituitary disease: Presentation, diagnosis, and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75 Suppl 3:iii47-52.
Morita A, Meyer FB, Laws ER Jr. Symptomatic pituitary metastases. J Neurosurg 1998;89:69-73.
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[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5] | <urn:uuid:002d6069-3d32-4dee-a5bd-3893678c5716> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marinemedicalsociety.in/article.asp?issn=0975-3605;year=2019;volume=21;issue=1;spage=87;epage=90;aulast=Chowdhary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.884463 | 3,200 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Ronald Potter Efron
Reclaim Your Relationship – How 3 Simple Words Can Change Everything!
A Workbook of Exercises and Techniques to Help You Reconnect with Your Partner
I heard an interview on the radio a few days ago with Ronald T. Potter-Efron, author of “Reclaim Your Relationship.”
And with Valentine’s Day just around the corner…
I thought it appropriate subject to share my notes on the interview and book.
Below are some key notes:
- Any real relationship goes through periods of rocky down time and makes you wonder why you are with the person in the first place. But hang in there because things turn around – and you can become closer than ever before.
- There are simply times and stages in relationships when you’ll find yourself looking at your partner asking “what is wrong with them?”
- Learn to say “I Love You” even when you are unhappy or frustrated with your partner.
- It is not just about the words. “I Love You” should also be said with actions backing it up. It should come from the heart.
- Saying these 3 words is not always so easy for some people.
- Does it matter if your parents said it in your home growing up? Yes. It is easier for those that heard it and saw it in action growing up.
- “I Love You” needs to be followed by unselfish actions.
- Never follow “I Love You” with critical, fault finding about your partner.
- Self-centeredness puts a wall up in relationships by keeping things about “me, me, me” instead of about “us.”
- The cost of loving someone is the pain and heartache of losing them some day.
- Challenge the old, cold thoughts that keep you from saying “I Love You.” Sometimes it is from being hurt in past relationships.
- Love is demonstrated by loving behavior. A couple’s diary/journal can be a way to keep an ongoing communication for love and dealing with conflict.
Chapter 25 – Give Your Partner the Gift He or She Really Wants
It is worth the effort to learn your partners likes and dislikes. This shows your love by taking the time to discover their needs and not giving gifts based on what you think they want. Sometimes a hug is a better and more desired gift than an expensive present.
Chapter 33 – The 5 Steps that Let You Take in Love
Many people have a hard time taking in love and receiving it. They are able to give, but not receive. This can be caused by many reasons such as: not believing you’re loveable, trying to be humble by not receiving, or simply not knowing how to receive love.
These 5 steps were recommended to help you take in love:
1. Let yourself know the steps to receive love first.
2. Prepare to receive love and let yourself know it is good to receive.
3. When you are told “I Love You”, take a deep breath – stop – and repeat what they said.
4. Acknowledge the statement and feeling of being loved.
5. Accept that you are loved and loveable!
From the BACK COVER of “Reclaim Your Relationship” by Ronald & Patricia Potter-Efron (also the authors of “Letting Go of Anger”) :
Say—and mean—the three little words that will save your relationship
“I love you” is probably the most important sentence in the English language: it can enrich your marriage on a good day and heal the worst wounds in bad times. But for many couples, saying and meaning it has fallen not only out of their vocabulary but also out of their marriage. Now, Ron and Pat Potter-Efron, marriage therapists who have been happily married for thirty-seven years, combine their real-life and clinical experience to help you improve your relationship.
“Reclaim Your Relationship” presents forty-six engaging, hands-on exercises to help you say “I love you” with ease and confidence while reaping the benefits of loving and being loved. Addressing the three types of people who have difficulty expressing their love—people who can’t get the words out, people who can’t show their love, and people who can’t receive love—this interactive workbook shows you how to:
- Practice saying, showing, and accepting love
- Re-energize your relationship with your partner
- Address the special needs of the person in your life
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What is cyber warfare?
We explain what cyber warfare is and why you need to pay attention to the threats posed
The world has changed markedly since the widespread uptake of technology - there isn’t a single industry that has been left unaffected by the world’s transition to a more tech-assisted life.
While not an industry itself, the statement also rings true for international conflict where the days of traditional, or 'kinetic', warfare that purely takes place on land, air, and sea, are now far behind us.
The value of technology is lost on no-one and certainly not on the finest hackers on the planet who are often courted by nation-states in their ambition to build a battalion of front-line cyber security experts. This is because cyber warfare is on the rise - taking out a country’s Internet systems remotely, perhaps via a DDoS attack, is more time and resource-efficient than sending a squadron to blow up the physical infrastructure, for example.
Since technology has value everywhere, it doesn’t take a military mind to understand that the same level of disruption can be caused more easily and with less risk to life from behind a keyboard, nowadays, than it sometimes can on the battlefield.
Is anyone currently engaged in cyber warfare?
The blunt answer to this question is ‘yes’. The ongoing conflict in Ukraine, instigated by Russia’s invasion earlier this year has led to one of the most visceral examples of concurrent kinetic and open cyber warfare seen to date.
We’ve seen a string of remarkable incidents happen on the cyber side that would each in themselves merit consideration for a ‘story of the year’ award in any other, more normal and historically insignificant year.
For example, the Ukrainian government has assembled a cross-border ‘IT army’ to help fight against Russian cyber attacks - of which there have been many. We’ve also seen underground criminal outfits pledge allegiance to Russia, dedicating their nefarious services to assist the aggressors in cyber space, while foot soldiers continue to fight the war on the ground.
The situation in Ukraine aside, just about every developed country has robust capabilities in cyber space and there are a number of countries actively developing digital weapons to use in future conflicts. Russia and China are the main focal points there, but other countries that are just as active include the US, France, and Israel.
This isn't to say that these countries are using these capabilities, although we know they possess the cyber weapons themselves and have used them in the past. For example, Stuxnet was a joint venture between the US and Israel to destroy Iran's nuclear programme capability.
What weapons are used in cyber war?
The tools of destruction used in cyber attacks do bear some resemblance to weapons commonly used in other criminal attacks, in that they incur the same effect.
For example, botnets that exist to launch distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks can target critical services and cripple entities digitally or may even serve as a diversion from other malicious cyber activities, such as attempts to infiltrate the network. Spear phishing and social engineering, too, are techniques also deployed to get cyber criminals closer to the targeted systems. Threats from the inside pose a significant risk for organisations hoping to safeguard their systems against intruders, though are highly potent as far as hackers are concerned, allowing hackers to directly expose a network to a threat, or allow a group to steal sensitive data.
One useful example of how multiple layers of attack can be used to great effect is Stuxnet, which was first encountered ten years ago. An employee situated inside an Iranian nuclear power site inserted a USB stick embedded with the Stuxnet worm, either knowingly or unknowingly, into an air-gapped system. Exploiting multiple zero-day exploits, this malware searched for specific software running centrifuges, and commanded them to spin dangerously fast and then slow for a period of months without being detected. These centrifuges eventually broke and more than 1,000 machines were rendered useless.
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The attack was never successfully blamed on any known party, although it's thought that this cyber weapon was created jointly between the US and Israeli military entities. While neither nation has denied the charge, it's also alleged Stuxnet was played as part of a showreel at the retirement party of the head of the Israeli Defence Force (IDF).
However, cyber warfare can also take a more subtle form. In April 2021, MI5 issued a warning of foreign agents using LinkedIn to steal information, with more than 10,000 British nationals, including government employees, having been approached by fake LinkedIn profiles associated with hostile states. However, public sector workers aren’t the only targets: in July, the MI5’s director general warned that businesses engaged in export, scientific research, and the high-tech sector should also be aware of the potential risks of falling victim to cyber espionage. These attacks have prompted the Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure (CPNI) to launch the Think Before You Link campaign, which warns people against accepting messages or connection requests from unknown accounts.
Other examples of cyber warfare
While Stuxnet is one of the best examples of cyber warfare in action, there are other significant events that can be attributed to state-level attacks.
One recent example comes from Russia - a country that has been accused of many and various state-level cyberattacks. Russia is accused of mounting multiple cyber attacks against Ukraine, including the BlackEnergy attack that cut the power to 700,000 homes in the country in 2015 and the NotPetya malware, which masqueraded as ransomware but was in reality designed purely to destroy the systems it infected.
North Korea, which has been generating headlines over its nuclear posturing and turbulent diplomatic relationship with the US, has also been active in cyber space. According to researchers, the North Korean state has been linked to the prolific and dangerous hacking organisation codenamed HIDDEN COBRA, also known as the Lazarus Group. Both the Sony hack of 2014 and the hack of a Bangladeshi bank in 2016 were pinned on these hackers.
More recently, reports in January 2020 claimed a cyber attack on the United Nations (UN) was the work of state-sponsored hackers. The attack saw hackers compromise at least 40 servers at UN offices in Vienna, Geneva and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human rights.
The coronavirus pandemic, as well as the international vaccine effort aimed to tackle it, also gave way to a new kind of cyber warfare focused on targeting public health providers and research facilities. The last 18 months have highlighted the necessity of accessible healthcare as well as the importance of medical research, making it a likely target for state-sponsored cyber criminals.
During the first UK lockdown, a joint-advisory published by the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) and US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) warned against a wave of password spraying attacks from state-backed hacking groups targeting critical organisations like healthcare bodies and pharmaceutical companies. Although the advisory didn’t name any specific hacking groups nor states, months later, Microsoft found that pharmaceutical companies researching treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 were being actively targeted by hackers sponsored by the Russian and North Korean governments. The groups behind the “unconscionable” attacks were named as Strontium, Zinc, and Cerium, with the three having targeted seven companies, including one clinical research organisation and a company that had developed a virus test.
Although ransomware attacks on healthcare providers can be traced back to long before the pandemic, the last year has magnified these attacks, proving that no target is off-limits for cyber criminals. Attacks on key infrastructure may severely impact the functioning of a state, but attacking hospitals can lead to much more than just financial loss. An example of such was the March 2020 attack on one of the largest coronavirus testing facilities in Czechia, which was forced to temporarily cancel surgeries and transfer new patients to other facilities as it became a target of cyber criminals. In two days after the cyber attack took place, the number of confirmed coronavirus cases in the country more than doubled to 298.
Cyber attacks and hybrid warfare
Increasingly, cyber attacks are being seen as an aspect of what's known as hybrid warfare. As explained by The Conversation, the term hybrid warfare is ill-defined and has changed in meaning over the past ten years or so since it came into use. Increasingly, however, it's used to describe the typical cyber warfare practices laid out here with efforts to disrupt democratic processes.
For example, in the run-up to an election, "Group A" may engage in efforts to alter sentiment through channels like social media while simultaneously targeting the websites of its main competitors, "Group B" and "Group C", with DDoS attacks or cyber vandalism.
Often, it won't be Group A itself that engages in these activities, but instead, it will outsource to companies that specialise in the spreading of disinformation and hackers for hire. This makes it more difficult to trace back.
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This is a tactic also seen in state-sponsored cyber attacks, where countries claim an attack originates from "patriotic hackers" acting on their own terms without any persuasion or reward from the state.
Indeed, when it comes to nation-states, we can see another aspect of hybrid cyber warfare when cyber attacks are carried out alongside "kinetic attacks", which is to say traditional warfare tactics like bombs. This is similar to when, in the past, saboteurs would target critical infrastructure ahead of an invasion, only now the attacks can happen remotely.
However, the presence of cyber warfare doesn’t rule out armed conflict in the “real” world. President Joe Biden recently warned that the US could end up in a “shooting war” with a major power as a result of a cyber attack. During a visit to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence in late July 2021, Biden said that he believes that if the US gets involved in “a real shooting war with a major power, it’s going to be as a consequence of a cyber breach of great consequence”. He also went on to describe Russian president Vladimir Putin as “dangerous”, with Russia being previously accused of being behind last year’s SolarWinds cyber attack which saw hackers infiltrate the networks of hundreds of companies as well as nine US governmental agencies.
This was denied by the head of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), who told the BBC that he is "flattered" by the accusations from US and UK authorities, yet added that he could not "claim the creative achievements of others as his own". Nevertheless, the US responded by imposing trade restrictions on four Russian IT firms as well as two other entities over “aggressive and harmful” activities.
The only cyber weapon that is perhaps even more dangerous and disruptive than the zero-day is the false flag. We know that, for example, the attack by the so-called 'Cyber Caliphate' claiming to be affiliated to ISIS on a US military database was a false flag operation by the Russian state-sponsored hacking group APT 28. Why does this matter? Because the US retaliated with kinetic attacks on cyber communication channels and drone strikes against human targets in Syria.
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[Editor’s Note: The following interview with Larry Kramer, conducted by Elliot Ratzman, first appeared in 2004 for Heeb’s 8th print issue.]
I was a college anti-war activist at Ohio University in 1991 when I discovered Larry Kramer’s book, Reports from the holocaust: The Story of an AIDS Activist. During the first few years of the AIDS epidemic, Kramer, a Brooklyn-born playwright, was the loudest and most persistent voice on behalf of gay men. He took on New York City Mayor Ed Koch and eventually President Reagan, demanding immediate action against a condition that would end up infecting more than 40 million people worldwide and killing millions. I bought 10 copies of the remaindered British Edition, a buck each in a used bookstore, and handed them out to my young activist comrades. Even straight lefties in Ohio had heard of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and the new style of social protest they invented. Their passion and pageantry inspired us and suggested that being an activist meant being committed to an urgent way of life that we aspired to as we religiously read The Nation in the rural Midwest.
Kramer is not without his activist critics who claim he is too gay-male focused, too ad hominem, and too much of a kvetcher, lowering the quality of discourse by raising his voice to a shriek. Just during our interview, his laundry list of diss included PBS, Foucault, Michael Chabon, Ron Reagan, Jr., Kafka and the states of Idaho and Montana. Despite the anger of his rhetoric, his plays—whether satirizing the promiscuity and superficiality of the New York gay scene in Faggots or dramatizing the struggle of the early days of AIDS activism in his semi-autobiographical play, The Normal Heart—have always centered on the search for love.
Over the years, I have read countless interviews that Kramer has done about being gay in America, but have never heard him discuss being Jewish. Outfitted in his signature OshKosh-and-turtleneck combo in his apartment overlooking Washington Square Park in Manhattan, the king of identity politics takes a break from writing The American People––his mammoth chronicle of the hidden history of gay and lesbian Americans—to reluctantly discuss his Jewish identity with Heeb.
So there’s this line in Brothers Karamazov: “All are responsible for everyone, and I more than all others.” That’s seems to be your slogan.
That I’m responsible? No, that we’re all responsible. I just think that being alive requires you to be responsible for a great many things. Most people aren’t. I can’t understand, I’ve given up trying to understand why. There are so few of us who fought for the drugs [the antiviral cocktails, which now allow people to live 20 years or more with HIV]. ACT UP is more responsible for getting these drugs out than anybody, and there were so few of us considering how many gay people there are. I never stop talking about it.
Could it be that people just do not know what to do?
Horseshit! You don’t know what to do, you’re not supposed to know what to do, you’re just supposed to get up and do it and find out as you go along. We made it up as we went along. We didn’t know what we had to do, but we knew there was a problem. There were a lot of people dying, lot of people were scared. So everyone showed up and said, “I can do this…” People get scared because they feel that they don’t know beforehand what they’re going to do. You get a bunch of people in the room and say, “What’s the problem today?” Everyday there was a new problem with ACT UP and AIDS. You had to deal with another idiot today that wasn’t there yesterday. You have to deal with someone in the position today different than the person you spoke to yesterday––who seems to have disappeared––and you had to give them AIDS 101 all over again. But you have to be prepared to do that. And of course most people aren’t. It takes energy, it take time. I still don’t understand why there have been so few, I don’t think that what I did was so special. And I almost resent when people say, “Thank you for what you’re doing.” I’ve told this story quite often, my first response is to say, “Go fuck yourself, why don’t you do it too?’ I didn’t ask to do any of this!
Some of us like to think that there is a unique Jewish aspect to hell raising, being responsible. In your play the Normal Heart, Felix makes the claim that Ned excuses himself by claiming that “anger is some Jewish thing, from being a New York Jew.”
I don’t know, I’m a terrible Jew. I don’t believe in God.
A lot of people I guess. Naomi Wolf’s essay, the introduction to The Tragedy of Today’s Gays, goes on about me and God, saying that he may not believe in Him, but he fights like he does.
Well, we can see you in the tradition of principled people who fight for justice. You’ve been called a prophet.
Someone calls me “Amos,” “Jeremiah.” someone calls me “Job.” I’m like the who’s who of the Bible. What does it all mean? It doesn’t get me anything at the supermarket.
It gives you a certain aura. To be a Jeremiah is to say you’re the person crying in the wilderness. You’re the person who calls Israel, in this context the gay community, back to what they should be doing. You rebuke them for their failures. It’s a good thing.
So what? It doesn’t work.
So what was it like, your life before prophethood?
I was a sissy as a kid. I was scared of my own shadow at Yale. I tried to commit suicide my freshman year. I had a lot of trouble with studying, Yale terrified me. Lot of trouble being gay.
Any trouble being Jewish?
I was never Jewish… I don’t know what tradition I come from. I read a lot, I don’t think I had anyone formative…maybe F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Evelyn Waugh, who is a great stylist.
I didn’t believe in God, and most of my friends were not Jewish. At Yale, Hillel didn’t interest me. I was interested in things like theater, was in a singing group. I don’t feel like I belong to any tradition of anything. I feel I made myself. As far as I’m concerned, no one helped me. If I got any genes it was from my father who was a coward, and that terrified me, so I vowed not to be like that. And from my mother, who was bossy, and took care of people at the Red Cross. But I didn’t have great affection or attachment to either parents. I was very happy to get out of the house when it was time to go to Yale. My brother has probably been the biggest influence on my life. Because he was out there lost as much as I was, only he was better able to cope.
I went to the offices of the Larry Kramer Initiative at Yale; it was very nice. I hear you’re in a dispute with them over the future of Gay/Lesbian studies?
I want them to teach gay history! I don’t want them to teach “queer theory.” I don’t want them to teach “gay studies” airy-fairy and all that stuff. I want them to teach that Abraham Lincoln was gay, I want them to investigate other people who were gay––George Washington, Lewis of Lewis and Clark. There are a lot of people out there who were gay, and we have to claim them, we have to reclaim our history. Why didn’t any one write that Lincoln was gay before this [C.A.] Tripp book [The Intimate World of Abraham Lincoln]? The stuff was right there, he didn’t make it up.
Maybe we’ll find out some of these presidents were Jewish, that they lit Shabbos candles?
I don’t think that’s funny.
Sorry…I notice that the trajectory of your activism, your specific demands about reclaiming gay history, your analogy to the holocaust, all has a Jewish component to it. But isn’t your extended comparison of the AIDS crisis to the Holocaust too much? You’re not respecting the millions who died.
When I was growing up as a kid, my mother was always talking about how awful the Holocaust was, but I didn’t pay much attention to it till AIDS came along. The comparison was useful and convenient. I guess I knew that the analogy was probably going to make some Jews mad. When I called the book Reports from the holocaust, even though I insisted on a small “h,” oy did I get letters from Jews. “How dare you,” blah, blah, blah, and “You, a Jewish boy!”
But don’t you identify at all with other groups, beside gay men?
I identify a lot. I couldn’t tell you whose side I’d be on with this Israel/Palestine shit, they’re both meshugah. It’s not an issue that interests me. Larry Mass, a good friend who I started GMHC with [Gay Men’s Health Crisis], went crazy about this! “Why wasn’t I going out and yelling about antisemitism” he asked.
But isn’t there a sense that we Jews could…
See, I don’t consider myself a “we Jew.” I don’t identify first as a Jew. I self-identify as a gay person, which is more than most gay people do. Very few gay people identify first and foremost as a gay person, and that’s part of our problem. I don’t mind saying I’m Jewish, and of course I realize that I have certain sensibilities and responses that are more Jewish than gentile. And I prefer men who are circumcised.
The argument would go that Jews have enough power in the world that they don’t need to worry about these minor flare-ups of antisemitism.
Nobody has enough power. Period. I certainly don’t think the Jews have it now. You think you have power? Forget it?
Right now, this cabal of right-wing Christians and industrialists and conservative right. They’re all different, but they’re together, united, and they have a lot of money. It’s real. People you’ve never heard of are more important than the president.
You were accused of moralizing during the AIDS crisis. You pushed for closing the bathhouses and a moratorium on promiscuity.
There were a whole bunch of gay writers who were the enemy because they refuse to acknowledge what was going on, and encouraged it more and more. I got nothing but grief from all of them. They all still hate me. Foucault was big into glorifying S & M, which is fine, well, not fine, but it’s ok. But again we’re talking about safety now, and they all stuck to their guns for much too long. People like Edmund White and Felice Picano and people who to this day hate me because when they insisted that gays should be allowed to do whatever we want I said, “Cool it.” And indeed we should, but we should be allowed to do it with a condom only. So nobody makes distinctions. You know infections rates are up. They’re always up. People are writing about the glory of barebacking. Crazy. So yes I am a moralist, and proud of it. What’s wrong with being a moralist?
Do you think HIV is the issue we should be outraged about?
We should be outraged about everything! Whatever makes you mad. Take your pick.
So when we’re claiming that we want x, y, and z, is there any priority?
Of course there has to be priority for whatever your group is going to stand for. If you have too many things you’re fighting for, your mission is unclear. I’m not sure street stuff works anymore. Street stuff works only if you have a lot of people, or if you’re prepared to get arrested, which you should always be prepared to do. Or if you have a lot of chutzpah, and you’re prepared to stand with a single sign in front of somebody. That’s harder to do now. I don’t know what works anymore, that’s part of the problem. I definitely don’t think street stuff, pickets and so forth.
Well what recent efforts are you impressed with?
Well, ACT UP wrote the book, but you need a set of circumstances to bring that about. You need an incredibly committed, impassioned bunch of people who will do it everyday, because you can’t stop. You need to have people who are scared, frightened. Fear is what motivates activism most successfully. These guys were all afraid they were going to die; most of them in fact did. But they sort of knew it was coming. It gets you off your ass, you know. I don’t see frightened people any more, certainly not in the Jewish or Gay communities.
In the 1950s, the Jewish community was scared about the rise of the radical right in America. They organized groups…
So why is the right so entrenched now?
Well, that’s the thing, the Jewish community stopped being so vigilant. Got co-opted…
I don’t know where the Jews are, but they seem to be in pretty bad shape, but they don’t get dumped on as much as gays. They aren’t going to take a show off the air because there are two Jews in it. I think it’s a police state. I do not think gays are going to get anywhere. Period. We’re certainly not going to get anywhere if we don’t do anything, and we’re certainly not doing anything.
So what should command the attention of the gay community? Political action against the Right? And does this meaning putting health issues on the back burner? What is to be prioritized?
I wish you would stop with this prioritizing shit, you’re much too organized! There are so many issue that gays should pay attention to, that even just to make people aware of them they would make them go back in the closet. People should respond to things that make them angry. If you don’t know what you want to do, go look at a few organizations, not that they are any good, but see if you can plug in, but don’t sit on your ass. I’m tired of telling people what to do. We are a pathetic lot, all of us, we human beings. We don’t know how to save our own skins. It’s a terrible thing to say, [makes a fist, grits his teeth] but I just fucking knew I would have never walked into a gas chamber! I just fucking know it! It really bugs people when I say something like that, because it’s condemning everybody who did. Anyway…
You sound like the Zionist condemning the sheepish Jews for sticking around Europe.
You should be able to see it coming. Everyone is so…passive.
In you’re essays on evil, you wonder why liberals don’t want to use the word.
The times have changed. Evil is a big word with me. George Bush is evil, drug companies are evil. I had a piece in The New York Times about that, calling them so. It’s evil to have something that can save lives and not give it to people who need it. They let me say it in the Times. But who read it? Does it change anything?
Words can open a new way of seeing the situation.
I hope so, that’s nice that you say it, but I never see it and I’m wearing down now. Gays are probably in the worst position they’ve been since, I don’t know when. Every gain that we’ve made in the last 20 years is gone. And I don’t see anyone coming to get them back. We are so unbelievably unorganized and…cowardly. All of us, every gay person. And yet I love them so much.
You have a tragic sense of life––that people are corrupt, always frustrating their better natures.
I just want people to stop killing each other. That’s what this is all about. We need to save ourselves. You’d think more people would want to do it.
You’d think. We’re working on it. Every generation has to work on it.
This generation sucks.
Is it better or worse than any other generation?
They sucked too. We’ve come this far and we’re nowhere.
What’s the worst-case scenario?
It’s happening right now. Everything is being taken away from us. Bush is putting up wall after wall. The AIDS budget across the board has just been cut by 5 percent.
Well, you sure know how to put the good face on the situation.
One thing that Jews do is make jokes about it. Go ahead, make jokes right into the gas chamber! Laugh your way into the crematoria.
It’s a thing you do when you don’t have any power, or when you think you don’t have any power.
Make jokes? Doesn’t do a lot.
Well, ACT UP raised the bar not just for militancy, but for spectacle. There was a lot of humor there. And the aesthetics were really inspiring. I hate all the amateur hand-written signs of today’s left. ACT UP’s sophisticated signs were much better.
We had a lot of artists. We had a lot of talent then, and we mobilized and utilized it. There are a lot of other things we did besides that. Meeting with drug companies…
The anti-globalization movement was inspired by ACT UP tactics. When I was starting out doing activism…
Well thank you! You’re making me blush.
What, for calling you cute?
You were such a figure for me growing up in Ohio.
I’m always freaked when anyone knows who I am, especially you straight people.
Do people stop you on the street and say nice things?
New York is a fickle town, they don’t stop you on the street. A lot of maitre d’s are gay in New York, so every now and then I get a good table without a reservation. My mother was always afraid someone would shoot me. As I get older and say more awful things, I wonder if someone will do it.
Why do you wear all this turquoise?
I wear turquoise because when I was 22, I came to NY, I went to a fortune-teller and she said that I should always wear something turquoise, that it will look after you, will take care of you. So I always wear something. So when I got sick, I increased the ante and… this is nothing! I was really loaded for awhile. I never got sick.
Some studies claim prayer helps heal people. Maybe someone was sending you secular prayers?
Maybe they don’t conflict, science and superstition. But God is just superstition.
Also a reality for many.
I don’t deny it, and I think it’s wonderful they have it, especially poor people who need it.
I think a lot of Jews don’t believe in God, but believe in Judaism.
I don’t know my way around the synagogue, or the prayers. So…
Who does? We go to synagogue to see our friends, or to focus, or to pick up. There are gay synagogues.
Hmm, gay synagogues, I’m sure they’re busy…. I guess that’s all valuable. I just think that I’m too much obsessed with time. I don’t like wasting it. There are specific things that have to be done, and we don’t have time to do it. In my case I have to finish a very long book before, my mind or my body or my liver gives out. I got another lease on life when I thought I wouldn’t, and I still have a lot of work to do.
Is all your energy from this new liver? Maybe kvetching is good for your health.
I have the liver of a 48-year-old man. Now it’s 51, so I feel 51, but I don’t know for how long. I feel a little guilty, because I was very lucky to get a liver. I wanted to be more of a transplant activist, I’ve done a little, but not nearly as much as I did for HIV. That’s another stupid situation in this country that need not be as bad as it is. Transplants, the availability of organs. I was very lucky. I came along at a time when they wanted people, literally wanted people, who were co-infected as I am with HIV and Hepatitis B to see if we would survive a liver transplant. Nobody wanted to go on this NIH study, basically because they’d afraid they’d die which indeed some of them did. But I was told I had only six months to live so I didn’t have anything to lose. And it worked spectacularly. So, that’s how I got my liver. People think I got it because I knew Tony Fauci or something like that. Ever wonder why other countries aren’t screaming about organ shortages like America is? They have “presumed consent.” In a country like Spain, a Catholic country, the organ shortage isn’t as bad as here because everyone is deemed a donor unless they register otherwise. So when you’re in the hospital, if the nurse or doctor sees the end is coming, they don’t wait for the parent or guardian, they see he’s kicking the bucket, they don’t wait, they go ahead and do it, and no one is protesting.
I have been lucky. Since the day all this started I never got sick. I never got an opportunistic infection, I never got AIDS, I’m still only HIV positive. I’ve never had to take the drugs, till I had the transplant when they wanted me to start taking it.
All those prayers.
All this turquoise
Maybe all the curses of bad people turn into prayers.
Really? Then I’m golden. | <urn:uuid:906ab473-dd83-45bc-8d36-0bfa1180c944> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://heebmagazine.com/kvetching-and-screaming-2/1038 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.975563 | 5,039 | 1.84375 | 2 |
astm a36 steel other names
A36 Steel is the most extensively used structural steel material for construction purposes. This carbon steel material is designated by ASTM as ASTM A36 or A36 steel. Containing a maximum of 0.29% carbon, A36 steel is strong, ductile, formable, tough, and weldable. All these properties help A36 steel to be used for multipurpose applications.
ASTM A36 Steel. ASTM A36 steel is one of the most widely used carbon structural steels, although the carbon content of A36 material is maximum 0.29%, it is considered to be the mild steel (content of carbon 0.25%).. A36 mild steel is often compared to AISI 1018, A36 carbon steel is commonly hot rolled, while 1018 steel is commonly cold rolled.. Notes:There are two versions that define low ASTM A36 steel other names - NM500 Steel stocklist ExporterMay 14, 2020 · ASTM A36 steel other names. May 14, 2020 July 26, 2020 a283grcsteel. ASTM A36 steel makes use of. China United iron and steel limited produce ASTM A36 steel sheets and steel plates. Our main products are ASTM A36 steel plate, ASTM A36 steel coil, ASTM A36 H Beam, ASTM A36 IPN, ASTM A36 UPN, ASTM A36 IPE, ASTM A36 round bar.
ASTM A36 Carbon Steel Plates & Perforated Metal a36 steel other names steel typeCarbon steel hex stock and rod stock are used to fabricate shafts, bushings, and bolts. Carbon steel sheet stock, plates, bars, and coils accept brazing, welding, and machining for fabricating fasteners and other metal parts. Other Name of ASTM A36 Steel Plate ,A36 carbon Steel PlateASTM A36 Steel Plate Other Name ASTM A36 Carbon Structural Steel Plate,ASTM A36 Steel Plate,ASTM A36 Carbon Steel plate,ASTM A36(A36) Structural Steel Plate. Additional Condition UT(Ultrasonic examination), AR(As Hot Rolled only), TMCP(Thermal Mechanical Control Processing), N(Normalized), Q+T(Quenched and Tempered),Z Direction Test(Z15 | <urn:uuid:4c852c64-31b2-46c5-9cf9-7c6fbe7dfa04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.bailen-miraflores.es/ah36/astm-a36-steel-other_65937.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.890755 | 487 | 2.890625 | 3 |
The Christian faith within Britain has undergone turmoil and changes throughout the centuries. The practice of Christianity has altered in style and grandeur depending on the predominant denomination at the time. From medieval worship, through Roman Catholic eras, and during the history of the Church of England, substantial changes in worship have been made. The use of silver within the church however, has remained constant.
The History of Christian Silver
During the Medieval period, Roman Catholicism prevailed. This style of worship consisted of lavish decoration and an abundance of grand ceremonies. In the Roman Catholic tradition, a devotion to God was to be shown via wealth and splendour; their churches would be places of wondrous excess, art and riches. Naturally, the impressive ceremonies necessitated silver and gold items.
Medieval churches would have contained highly ornamented silver items, often featuring brightly coloured enamel. Their rituals called for decorated vessels and vestments, and imagery depicting religious scenes and icons (such as crosses) would cover the churches. At this point in history, few regular church goers could actually read so their understanding would have depended largely on images and objects found around the church. Wealthy churches would contain many vessels, such as chalices, crafted in silver. Churches with less income however would have to rely on materials such as copper, brass and pewter.
Sadly, few Christian silver items from this period actually survived, due to most being melted down during the reformation…
The reformation period of Christianity was initiated in the 1530s when Henry VIII was excommunicated and ties were cut with the pope and therefore with Roman Catholicism. This split led to the formation of the Church of England and the consequent changes in religious practice. A more subdued form of worship now reigned, in which modesty and simplicity was championed- this of course was reflected in the silverware.
During the 1550s, the Crown Commissioners had confiscated or destroyed most silver items. This happened under the premise of ‘iconoclasm’ (meaning the social belief in the destruction of all religious icons and items featuring religious images). Simpler silver items now came into play. Communion cups for example became more common. This was due to one of the key reformations under the Church of England: expelling the belief ‘transubstantiation’ (which meant the belief that the bread and wine consumed at communion would literally transform into the flesh and blood of Christ within the body). Upon the removal of this belief, communion became symbolic, and was therefore participated in by more ordinary churchgoers- this led to the need for more silver communion cups.
Of course the transition away from Roman Catholicism wasn’t all smooth- a movement towards ‘counter reformation’ was established during the 16th Century. The main intent of the Counter Reformation was to reinstate the Eucharist. A renaissance of Roman Catholicism throughout the 17th Century led to churches being built in the grand and regal Baroque style. The silver items used within these churches were crafted to compliment this trend. Items such as monstrances, candelabras, sanctuary lamps and censers could now often be found in churches- they were all highly ornamental pieces that would draw worshippers’ eyes to the altar and the Eucharist.
Fast forward to the Victorian era and we see yet another stylistic transformation that directly affects the nature of churches- the Gothic era. The Gothic style resurrected some of the features of the medieval church and was promoted as the ‘true Christian style’. Many pre-reformation features of Christianity were reinstated at this stage and this lead to the revival of certain ornate silver items. The ciborium (a cup with an arched cover used to hold the Eucharist) for example, was brought into the Anglican Church.
With the dawn of the Arts and Crafts era in the 20th century there was yet another shift in the style of silver to be found in churches. This design style revolved around simple designs from small workshops and a conscious step away from commercial manufacturers. Simple silver communion cups and christening mugs thrived in this period.
Despite the fact that silver is used less regularly today on a day-to-day basis, it remains an integral part of religious ceremonies. Silver chalices/ communion cups are still an important part of the ritual of communion, and silver is often opted for to mark important events/anniversaries/new beginnings. A prime example of this is the practice- still popular today- of gifting a silver christening mug to welcome a new child into the family and the church. Even though our society is growing gradually more secular, there is still a great interest in the ceremonial aspects of religion as well as its rich history. Because of this, Christian silver still remains highly popular: either to be used within the church or gifted to a loved one.
Design and Iconography
As can be expected, there are certain symbols that can be seen repeated on various items of Christian Silver. The cross (or Christ on the cross) is the obvious one of course, often featured on communion chalices to indicate their purpose and associations. Other examples include doves, fish, and inscriptions featuring passages from the bible. Metalwork and detailed ornamentation would be used to depict these important symbols of Christianity.
An example of Christian inscription within our inventory can be found on this Victorian sterling silver paten (a silver plate used for holding the bread during the Eucharist). The paten is inscribed with the symbol IHS, which comes from the first three letters of the Latinised version ‘IHSOUS’ of the Greek spelling ‘ΙΗΣΟΥΣ’, which translates as the Holy Name of Jesus.
In addition, the simple image of a cross stands strongly in the only ornamented cartouche of our Georgian antique silver gilt chalice (1771). Crafted during the baroque era at a time of Counter Reformation and a renaissance of highly ornamented Christian silver; this chalice is a fine example of the combination of the utilitarian and decorative aspects of Christian silver. | <urn:uuid:f09cfc06-1458-4645-9311-4f9c62d5fe03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.acsilver.co.uk/2018/05/08/christian-silver/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.965209 | 1,262 | 3.59375 | 4 |
FRANCESCO de Ferrari, head of Asia-Pacific private banking at Swiss bank Credit Suisse, isn't the archetypal private banker. For a start, unlike many of his colleagues at Credit Suisse, he didn't begin his career in the banking or wealth management sectors. The former businessman, consultant, auditor and part-time social worker, who once worked for Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, often jests that he ended up in private banking "by mistake". After graduating from New York University's Stern School of Business with a degree in economics and international business in 1989, de Ferrari — like most of his cohort — wanted to work on Wall Street. Having secured an investment banking job in New York, de Ferrari, who was 20 years old then, didn't turn up for the job. Instead, prompted by a calling of a sort, he went off with a priest to visit leper homes in India. "My parents were contributing to fund some hospitals in the Missionaries of Charity's communities and I toured some of the leper homes in India with a priest," recalls de Ferrari in a recent interview with Personal Wealth. "I ended up meeting Mother Teresa. I was so struck by her that I had to stay to help." The devout Catholic attends the Church of St Ignatius in Singapore. After the encounter with Mother Teresa, de Ferrari ended up spending six months in Calcutta, picking up dying people and abandoned children on the streets and bringing them to the various shelters run by the Missionaries of Charity, the organisation founded by the Albanian-born nun in 1950. Mother Teresa, who died in 1997, was renowned for her unconditional caring of the destitute in India "That six-month experience changed my life completely because I didn't want to become an investment banker after that," says de Ferrari, who is an Italian. "I discovered that my passion was helping people and building businesses." Ferrari went on to work at Deloitte & Touche, Nestlé and McKinsey before becoming an entrepreneur in the retail distribution and technology businesses before the age of 30. "I ran three businesses of my own for four years and then Credit Suisse called me," he recalls. When he was a consultant at McKinsey, de Ferrari had advised the Swiss bank on a business project. "They said [the project] looked very good on paper, but the execution didn't turn out as expected and asked if I was willing to go back and fix it. I love challenges, especially impossible tasks. That was when I joined Credit Suisse [in 2002]," says the 43-year-old banker. "[The project] actually turned out okay." His private-banking career at the Swiss bank took off rapidly and he was chief operating officer for private banking in the Europe, Middle East and Africa region and CEO of Credit Suisse Private Banking in Italy before relocating to Asia last August. Based in Singapore, de Ferrari officially became Credit Suisse's head of private banking Asia-Pacific on Jan 1, succeeding Marcel Kreis, who took the role of chairman of private banking Asia-Pacific at the Swiss bank. Coming to Asia to drive private-banking growth for Credit Suisse was an easy decision for the ambitious de Ferrari. "I believe that if you want to work for a company, you should try to work in the most important region, where the business needs to grow. This is how you learn the most. So, coming to Asia was a pretty easy choice," he says. The Credit Suisse managing director also loves the warm weather in the region. "My wife is half-Argentine and half-Swiss and we love the weather. Otherwise, we won't survive in Singapore." De Ferrari and his wife have five children. "I take human capital very seriously," he jokes. Private banking contributes nearly 50% of Credit Suisse's revenues. The 156-year-old Swiss bank currently manages more than CHF800 billion (RM3.16 trillion) worth of private-banking assets, of which nearly CHF90 billion comes from clients in fast-growing Asia-Pacific. The region has generated double-digit growth in terms of net new assets for Credit Suisse's private-banking unit over the past few years. Balancing costs and growth To be sure, Asia's lucrative but increasingly crowded private-banking industry, which was once the playground of a handful of Swiss and US banking giants, is now a key area of growth for many wealth management firms around the world. Both big and small private-banking players, all vying to manage the burgeoning wealth of the region's millionaires, have aggressively ramped up their Asian operations in recent years with large-scale hiring in Singapore and Hong Kong, which are key booking centres for Asia's high-net-worth individuals. Many private banks have even resorted to a "hire for growth" policy to enable a wealth management newcomer in the region to capture market share quickly. But there is a high price to pay for such a strategy. The shallow pool of private bankers in the region means that wealth management companies will have to pay through their nose to attract talents from their rivals to their organisations in the hope that the assets of wealthy clients will follow the bankers wherever they go. "What surprised me when I moved to Asia were the high cost-to-income ratios of private banks operating in the region," says de Ferrari. Indeed, cost-to-income ratios of private banks in Asia have surged to lofty levels in recent years, according to a 2011 Asia Pacific Private Banking Survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). The accountancy firm estimated that the average ratio in 2011 of private-banking operations in Singapore and Hong Kong could be 88% to 90%. Looking at the average cost-to-income ratio of private banks in Asia, including big banks with shared networks and platforms for both their retail and private-banking operations that are able to "structurally run at a much lower cost basis", de Ferrari concludes that most of the other players are losing money from their Asian operations. He declines to reveal the cost-to-income ratio of his bank's regional operations, but insists that its ratio isn't as lofty as that of many of his smaller competitors. "Our size allows us to be well placed," says de Ferrari. He adds that his Asia-Pacific private-banking operation is a profitable one. With the high operation costs and a decreasing revenue stream due to clients' inactivity in investments on the back of risk aversion, de Ferrari warns of an impending consolidation in Asia's private-banking industry. "Asia has been a very nice growth story, but at some point, shareholders and investors will start to ask for bottom-line returns. Some competitors are paying huge amounts of money for people, and it just doesn't make any sense. Things will turn pretty ugly [later]," he says. "Our industry is going through pretty troubled times globally," adds de Ferrari. He has implemented various changes at Credit Suisse's Asia private-banking operations to ensure that the bank has a "scalable, efficient and sustainable" business model in the region. Improving efficiency Among the changes are the consolidation of Credit Suisse's private-banking operations in Hong Kong, China and Taiwan into one integrated Greater China business based in Hong Kong; the integration of subsidiary Clariden Leu's private-banking franchise and operations across Asia into Credit Suisse (as part of its global integration strategy announced in November 2011); and the launch of the "Grow our own" programme in Asia to develop a pipeline of relationship managers (RMs) by recruiting MBA graduates and undergraduates. The creation of one integrated Greater China private-banking unit within Credit Suisse since March isn't all about cost savings, according to de Ferrari. He points out that the new structure also helps to align the needs and interests of clients with those of advisers in the three markets. "We used to run teams in Hong Kong, Taiwan and China. We now open the [Greater China] region up to all the teams." He explains that Credit Suisse private bankers from the Taiwan team, who used to service only Taiwanese clients, can now take on other clients such as those from China or Hong Kong. "Given that private banking is a business of trust and many new clients are referred by happy clients, we felt this change made a lot of sense." Credit Suisse currently has four main private-banking regions in Asia: Southeast Asia (comprising Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia); Greater China; emerging Asia (which includes markets such as the Philippines, Thailand, non-resident India and other Asia markets); and developed Asia, which covers the domestic markets of Australia and Japan. "We run Southeast Asia from Singapore, which is our booking centre, and Greater China from Hong Kong. We are also present in Japan and Australia — our two domestic franchises — and we use Switzerland as a booking centre as well for our Asian clients. That is our footprint," says de Ferrari. Although the legal merger of boutique private bank Clariden Leu with Credit Suisse was completed in April, with the latter acquiring all of the former's assets and liabilities, the technical process of integrating all Clariden Leu's private-banking activities is still ongoing and should be completed by year-end. In Asia-Pacific, de Ferrari is still overseeing the amalgamation of Clariden Leu's assets, clients and RMs. "The Clariden Leu clients, at least the ones that I met, are happy to be part of a bigger platform. But there are a few RMs who decided not to join Credit Suisse. Our business model only fits certain types of RMs," he says. Credit Suisse expects to achieve annual cost savings of around CHF200 million as a result of the consolidation. "For clients, the selling point of Clariden Leu was about being a boutique bank. Credit Suisse is a much larger bank, with a bigger platform in terms of investment solutions, products and capability. We will continue to explain to our Clariden Leu colleagues how they can serve their clients better at Credit Suisse," says de Ferrari. Since April, more than 70 Clariden Leu members of staff, including RMs, investment consultants and product specialists, have joined Credit Suisse Private Banking in Asia-Pacific. Credit Suisse's recent absorption of Clariden Leu, a smaller private-banking player, is a reminder that size still matters in the cut-throat world of wealth management, according to de Ferrari. Clariden Leu, which managed around CHF90 billion in assets, isn't big enough to sustain a private-banking business with acceptable returns, he says. "It sent a message to the industry on how big you need to be if you want to be a standalone player. We think that there will continue to be an increase in regulations and cost of doing business in the private-banking industry. Therefore, it is a natural consequence for us to integrate this bank into our standard business." Managing talents Despite the "Grow our own" initiative to groom private-banking talent within Credit Suisse so as not to rely too heavily on external hiring for growth, which can be expensive, de Ferrari says his bank will continue to hire talented private bankers if they fit its criteria. "But hiring has to make sense for the bank, the employee and shareholders. You can't have people commanding very high salaries when you know from the beginning that they won't be able to generate the expected returns." To groom future RMs, Credit Suisse currently has a three-year associate programme that takes in talented graduates as well as MBA holders. "The grooming of talent within the organisation is going to be more and more important going forward," says de Ferrari. To boost its talent pool further, investment bankers from Credit Suisse's investment banking division are also welcome to join its private-banking division, which is in need of experienced bankers with in-depth capital-market expertise to serve its ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) clients. These sophisticated UHNW clients, defined as those with wealth of more than CHF250 million or those with more than CHF50 million of investible assets with Credit Suisse, often require intricate advice from the bank on capital-market fund-raising activities for their companies as well as complex investment solutions for their family offices, observes de Ferrari. "For this segment, we need a different type of RM with different skill sets. The UHNW business is like a private-investment-banking business. This is where we start to take on lateral hiring from our investment bank. The investment bankers would have the necessary product and market experience to be able to advise UHNW clients not only on their wealth but also on their corporate affairs," he says. To make Credit Suisse an attractive workplace for private bankers, de Ferrari has also established "separate management and client career tracks" for its 360 RMs in Asia-Pacific. RMs who enjoy servicing clients and have no intention of taking on a management role within Credit Suisse could take the "client career track", which will reward and promote them according to their client-servicing performance. Those who desire a role in management going forward could take the "management career track". "People can actually choose what they like to do best, with very clear promotion and performance criteria for each track. With the establishment of the client career track, we can go out and hire the top producers, who are only interested in servicing clients, and promote them without asking them to be managers," explains de Ferrari. Maintaining profitability High labour cost aside, private banks operating in Asia are also facing a "margin squeeze" on the range of investment products that are distributed, owing to intense competition in the industry. In recent years, the margins have been further eroded as risk-averse clients — spooked by the extreme volatility in global financial markets — are now flocking to safe-haven investments that generate near-zero fees for private banks. But de Ferrari doesn't seem too worried about the recent low level of clients' investment activity. To be sure, smaller private banks, which operate on a "brokerage system" by attracting clients with the best transactional pricing on investment products, have been hit hard by the low level of investment activity by clients. He points out that private banking at Credit Suisse isn't about selling products. "We are not a brokerage firm. Our real business is giving advice and we think we can provide more holistic wealth management services. If you really understand your clients' needs and get into the role of a trusted adviser, then the question of getting the best pricing on a single transaction becomes less important." De Ferrari insists that his private-banking business has multiple revenue streams that are not correlated with the markets. "Today, there are a lot of investment instruments that allow you to make money even in a down market. Furthermore, we actually make a lot of money by lending to our customers, who are mainly first-generation entrepreneurs. In times like these, we would partner them to help them grow their business. That is a revenue stream that is not correlated to [the ups and downs of the market]. I think over time, as the industry matures, private banks will be able to explain the value of their services." At the same time, the growing Asia-Pacific UHNW private-banking business, which continues to gain momentum at Credit Suisse, helps to maintain profitability at the Swiss bank, he points out. "Our UHNW business has been growing very quickly over the past few years and it is now more than 50% of our total business in Asia. UHNW clients are generally more active in exploring investment opportunities, whether the markets are up or down," says de Ferrari, whose bank has been making money by helping Asian UHNW clients with their capital-raising activities, especially through the debt market. "We are the No 1 global player in high-yield debt financing and No 1 in emerging markets in terms of structured financing," he points out. "Currently, we have a team within the UHNW solutions team, made up of ex-investment bankers, who help us structure the deals. This is something that is hard for our competitors to replicate." To be able to truly tap the growth of Asia's burgeoning wealth, a private bank — given the increasingly sophisticated needs of Asian millionaires — would require support from an investment bank. Even integrated big banks such as Credit Suisse that have investment banking, asset management and private-banking businesses under one roof aren't finding it easy to make good money in the region, de Ferrari admits. "If you want to be a part of the Asia growth story, not having an investment bank will be a big problem. Not being a truly global player will also be a big problem. That will shape the industry dynamics. I don't think everybody realised that until today," he says, adding that going forward, the weakest private-banking players will be weeded out of the increasingly crowded wealth management industry in the region. "We are already seeing a consolidation today. Merrill Lynch and BSI are for sale. A lot of players will divest their private-banking business if it isn't their core business. There will always be space for niche players, but there are just too many in the market today. So, there will definitely be consolidation." De Ferrari says his non-banking background certainly helps him get the right perspective in terms of balancing growth and managing cost at Credit Suisse. "When I was an entrepreneur, I always managed the business as if I was investing my own money. What I am driving through the organisation is to be able to run a more scalable and sustainable business model and to be closer to our clients. My goal is to make sure that we execute our strategies well over the next three to five years." This story appeared in The Edge Singapore on July 30, 2012.
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Some politicians seem to enjoy the crisis so much that you shouldn’t expect them to solve it.
The solutions to the European crisis are surprisingly simple, well-known and increasingly gaining support even from sceptical economists. The solution would be imminent if the politicians opened their eyes and pulled their heads out of the 1980s’ paradigm. Whether it can happen is a different question.
The European crisis is a consequence of two and practically only problems: the cyclical crisis of demand and the systemic crisis of eurozone institutions. The debt and financial crises are mere symptoms. If we solve the demand-led vicious circle and rectify the institutional set-up of the common currency, the debt and financial crises will cease to be an issue.
The nationalists bring the drachma back. Literally.
If the Eurozone breaks up, so will the European Union. At least in the form we know it. Everybody talks about it and it’s true. The current crisis is however a reason, why the European union will survive and become stronger.
At the end of May, the Greek Commissioner for fisheries Maria Damanaki told the media that the question of Greece leaving the Eurozone is now on the table. Together with an unsourced sentence from der Spiegel it brought a wave of political speculations and increased volatility in bond and foreign exchange markets.
European dissidents fighting for democracy and freedom of nations
‘Europe of Freedom and Democracy’ is the name of the most eurosceptical formation in the European Parliament. Looking at their concrete portfolios, one would see to what extent their perception of the world is xenophobic and nationalist. Their first argument in the European Parliament is however not the preponderance of the white man, the opposition towards immigration, other cultures or religions, as their ideology would suggest. They don’t seem to hate the EU because it undermines their vision of the world. Not at all. Their first and most repetitive argument is that the EU is not democratic enough. I cannot agree more, but… | <urn:uuid:d1a577ae-c4a6-4636-af0c-ef905f56c31e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aleschmelar.eu/tag/european-union/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.947534 | 421 | 1.875 | 2 |
Sex is the attribute of being either male or female, categories which reflect biological reproductive functions. The female sex is defined as the one which produces the larger gamete (the egg) and which typically bears the offspring. In contrast, the male sex has a smaller gamete (sperm) and rarely bears offspring.
Sex can also refer to sexual intercourse, the physical act of reproduction, also known as "sexual relations" or "having sex."
In some animals, sex may be assigned to specific structures rather than the entire organism. Earthworms, for example, are normally hermaphrodites.
For a more detailed treatment, see Gender roles.
"Sex" is the biological definition of whether one is born male or female by their genitalia and biological genes. "Gender" is a word created in the 1950s to define what society expects of persons of different sexes. The distinction is important in law, as it tends to forbid discrimination on the basis of either, e.g. effeminate men cannot be fired for not acting according to their "gender". In other areas the distinction is primarily important for more abstracted social and legal arguments, rather than everyday use.
In the 21st century, "gender" signifies an apparent difference between your birth sex and the gender one "identifies as," also known as being transgender. The left-wing, including Cultural Marxists, frequently claim the existence of a difference in biological sex and "gender identity," despite no difference by basic biology.
The term sex is often used to denote the activity of sexual relations, and as such it is subject to laws of social conduct.
Sexual morality in the Bible
From the beginning, God created the male and female as uniquely compatible and complimentary, and only joined them in the sanctified sexual union of marriage. All sexual relations with others outside that bond are revealed to be fornication, which is unconditionally (regardless of motive or circumstance) prohibited and condemned.
In the Bible a harlot or whore (KJV) was a woman who had sex before marriage, including prostitutes. If a man engaged in such with a single woman, he was required to marry her for life, while the death penalty was mandated for the man (or both if consensual) for engaging in sexual relations with a woman who was betrothed (contracted to marry) to another, or for a woman who married under the false pretense of being a virgin, and her husband objected upon discovering otherwise. Likewise, spiritual fornication was that of infidelity to God in making an idol to be one's god, with Israel being covenantally "married" to God.
In the Gospel of Mark 7:20-23 (cf. Mt. 15:19), Jesus declares that sin begins in the heart, and the iniquities that proceed out of the heart include fornications, which being plural, includes all sexual relations outside marriage. While broader descriptions exist (i.e. "the bed of love": Ezek. 23:17) sexual intercourse is what is usually indicated (by euphemisms) in laws against illicit sex, yet it is generally held that this is not limited to such, but prohibits all sexual eroticism outside marriage (in which it is exclusively sanctioned: Prov. 5:15-20: SoS), and which all "uncleanness" covers.
Though more than one wife was allowed in the Old Testament, and even concubines were wives, the Lord Jesus restored that to the original standard of one man and one woman, for life (though most understand the fornication clause as allowing divorce in the case of marital infidelity, as fornication can include adultery). In so doing, (Mt. 19:4-9) Jesus defined the male and the female as constituting the "what" of "what therefore God hath joined together", and which, along with other verses, excludes same-sex marriage or other sexual unions. For a more detailed treatment, see Homosexuality and biblical interpretation.
Gender identity is a term used by the Left to give cause to people believing they are a sex other than their biological sex. It can be used to signify a man wants to become a woman (or vice versa) or if any person wants to become a "third gender," meaning they choose a sex that is neither male nor female.
Children are not simply born with a sense of their own gender but that their gender identity is formed through connections and interactions with others, primarily members of the same sex.
In general, vaginal sex is highly safe. The rates of sexually transmitted diseases amongst American teenagers is practically equal between those who always use condoms and those who have occasional or no condom usage.
- Gn. 1:27,27; 2:18-24; 1Cor. 11:8-12; Eph. 5:31
- Gn. 34:1-4,13,31; 38:15,18,24; Lv. 19:29; 21:9; Dt. 22:13-30; Num. 25:1; Jdg. 8:33; 2Chrn. 21:11; Prov. 7:10-12; Hos. 1:2; Ezek. 6:9; 16:17,36; 20:7,18; 23:7; Mat. 5:32; 15:19; 19:9; Jn. 8:41; Acts 15:20; 15:29; 21:25; Rom. 1:29; 1Cor. 5:1,11; 6:9,13,18; 7:2; 2Cor. 6:16; 12:21; Gal. 5:19; Eph. 5:3; Col. 3:5; 1Thes. 4:3; Heb. 12:16; 13:4; 1Pet. 4:3; Rev. 9:21, etc.
- Gn. 34:1-4,13,31; 38:15,18,24 Num. 25:1
- Dt. 22:13-29
- Ezek. 6:9; 23:30; 37:23
- Jer. 3:14; Ezek. 16:8
- Rm. 1:24; Eph. 5:3
- Adam Clarke, Matthew Henry, John Wesley, Eph. 5:3; Albert Barnes, Rm. 1:24
- Gn. 25:1; cf. 1Ch. 1:32; Gn. 30:4; cf. Gn. 35:22; 2Sam. 16:21, 22, cf. 2Sam. 20:3
- DIVORCE AND REMARRIAGE UNDER GOD By L. S. Boardman
- Ian Wishart (2007). Eve's Bite. Howling At The Moon Publishing Ltd.. ISBN 978-0-9582401-1-6. Retrieved on March 4, 2020. | <urn:uuid:0c9395d1-6d32-4669-8b93-45424cd535de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.conservapedia.com/Sex | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.93145 | 1,484 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Before COVID-19 estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017-2018. During COVID-19 estimates from the COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being (CLIMB) study collected from March 31 to April 13, 2020. Depression symptoms categories calculated using the Patient Health Questionnaire–9: none (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14), moderately severe (15-19), and severe (≥20). Percentages weighted to the population of noninstitutionalized US adults aged 18 years or older.
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Ettman CK, Abdalla SM, Cohen GH, Sampson L, Vivier PM, Galea S. Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in US Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2019686. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686
What is the burden of depression symptoms among US adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic compared with before COVID-19, and what are the risk factors associated with depression symptoms?
In this survey study that included 1441 respondents from during the COVID-19 pandemic and 5065 respondents from before the pandemic, depression symptom prevalence was more than 3-fold higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Lower income, having less than $5000 in savings, and having exposure to more stressors were associated with greater risk of depression symptoms during COVID-19.
These findings suggest that there is a high burden of depression symptoms in the US associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and that this burden falls disproportionately on individuals who are already at increased risk.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the policies to contain it have been a near ubiquitous exposure in the US with unknown effects on depression symptoms.
To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with depression symptoms among US adults during vs before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This nationally representative survey study used 2 population-based surveys of US adults aged 18 or older. During COVID-19, estimates were derived from the COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being study, conducted from March 31, 2020, to April 13, 2020. Before COVID-19 estimates were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2017 to 2018. Data were analyzed from April 15 to 20, 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic and outcomes associated with the measures to mitigate it.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Depression symptoms, defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 cutoff of 10 or higher. Categories of depression symptoms were defined as none (score, 0-4), mild (score, 5-9), moderate (score, 10-14), moderately severe (score, 15-19), and severe (score, ≥20).
A total of 1470 participants completed the COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being survey (completion rate, 64.3%), and after removing those with missing data, the final during–COVID-19 sample included 1441 participants (619 participants [43.0%] aged 18-39 years; 723 [50.2%] men; 933 [64.7%] non-Hispanic White). The pre–COVID-19 sample included 5065 participants (1704 participants [37.8%] aged 18-39 years; 2588 [51.4%] women; 1790 [62.9%] non-Hispanic White). Depression symptom prevalence was higher in every category during COVID-19 compared with before (mild: 24.6% [95% CI, 21.8%-27.7%] vs 16.2% [95% CI, 15.1%-17.4%]; moderate: 14.8% [95% CI, 12.6%-17.4%] vs 5.7% [95% CI, 4.8%-6.9%]; moderately severe: 7.9% [95% CI, 6.3%-9.8%] vs 2.1% [95% CI, 1.6%-2.8%]; severe: 5.1% [95% CI, 3.8%-6.9%] vs 0.7% [95% CI, 0.5%-0.9%]). Higher risk of depression symptoms during COVID-19 was associated with having lower income (odds ratio, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.26-4.43]), having less than $5000 in savings (odds ratio, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.02-2.26]), and exposure to more stressors (odds ratio, 3.05 [95% CI, 1.95-4.77]).
Conclusions and Relevance
These findings suggest that prevalence of depression symptoms in the US was more than 3-fold higher during COVID-19 compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals with lower social resources, lower economic resources, and greater exposure to stressors (eg, job loss) reported a greater burden of depression symptoms. Post–COVID-19 plans should account for the probable increase in mental illness to come, particularly among at-risk populations.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the policies to contain it have been a near ubiquitous exposure for people in the US in 2020. As an event that can cause physical, emotional, and psychological harm, the COVID-19 pandemic can itself be considered a traumatic event.1 In addition, the policies created to prevent its spread introduced new life stressors and disrupted daily living for most people in the US. As of April 13, 2020, 42 states were under stay-at-home advisories or shelter-in-place policies, affecting at least 316 million people in the US, or approximately 96% of the population.2 The unemployment rate was reaching record highs in the US, with more than 20 million people filing for unemployment between the start of COVID-19 and mid-April 2020.
Mental health is sensitive to traumatic events and their social and economic consequences. Previous studies on disruptions to life owing to disasters, epidemics, or civil unrest suggest that exposure to large-scale traumatic events are associated with increased burden of mental illness in the populations affected.3 For example, after September 11, 2001, 9.6% of Manhattan residents reported symptoms consistent with depression and 7.5% reported symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder.4 Residents living closer to the World Trade Centers had higher prevalence of mental illness.4,5 Similarly, after natural disasters, populations affected by hurricanes report an increase in symptoms consistent with mental illness.3 Increases in mental illness have also been documented after other epidemics, such as the Ebola virus and SARS outbreak.6,7 In addition, social disruptions in day-to-day living after civil unrest, for example, have been found to be associated with mental illness. Data from Hong Kong show greater levels of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress during the 2019 Hong Kong civil protests.8,9
Importantly, the mental health consequences of mass traumatic events are not evenly distributed across populations. Having lower income and less wealth are associated with greater burden of mental illness.10 Mental illness has been well documented in the wake of previous financial recessions, particularly among individuals who are unemployed and are otherwise affected by social and economic adversity.11-14
Early evidence from published studies suggests that COVID-19 is associated with mental illness.15 Among health care workers in China who were exposed to patients with COVID-19, 50.4% reported symptoms of depression.15 A study of medical students in China identified elevated prevalence of anxiety.16 Another study found that reduced sleep was associated with greater levels of anxiety and stress among health care workers in China.17 To date, most studies regarding mental health and COVID-19 have been conducted in Asia and have focused on specific subpopulations, such as college students16 and medical workers.15,17 Published studies from the US on mental health have been in purposive samples. Most relevant to this study, a study by Nelson et al18 analyzed concerns about COVID-19, symptoms, and responses to the pandemic across 9009 completed surveys distributed over social media. They found that 67.3% of participants were very or extremely concerned about COVID-19 and that 48.8% of participants were self-isolating most of the time to avoid COVID-19. To our knowledge, the mental health of the broader US population during COVID-19 has not been documented.
Aiming to address this gap in understanding, we assessed the burden of depression symptoms in the US during COVID-19 using the same measures deployed in representative national surveys before COVID-19 began. We also aimed to understand the factors associated with depression symptoms during and before COVID-19.
This study was approved by the institutional review boards of NORC at the University of Chicago and Boston University. All AmeriSpeak participants provided written informed consent during the enrollment process to join the AmeriSpeak standing panel. All NHANES participants provided written informed consent first for the household interview and then for the health examination. This study followed the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) reporting guideline.
The primary sample for this study was a nationally representative group of US adults aged 18 years or older using the AmeriSpeak standing panel. The AmeriSpeak panel is a probability-based panel that is representative of the US population by design. Households are randomly selected with a known, nonzero probability from the NORC National Frame, covering approximately 97% of US households. People excluded from the sampling frame were people with PO box–only addresses, some addresses not listed in the US Postal Service Delivery Sequence File, and some newly constructed homes. Adults aged 18 years or older who could speak English and who had completed an AmeriSpeak survey in the past 6 months were eligible to take the survey. In total, 1470 participants completed the survey, representing a survey completion rate of 64.3% of sampled panelists. The survey was conducted mainly over the internet (1385 participants [94.2%]) with a small number conducted over the telephone (85 participants [5.8%]). Twenty-nine participants missing data for depression were excluded from the sample. The final COVID-19 study sample included 1441 participants.
The survey was distributed by NORC at the University of Chicago from March 31, 2020, through April 13, 2020, assessing COVID-19 exposure, stressors, and mental health using the COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being (CLIMB) study questionnaire. Participants were contacted via web survey and follow-up was conducted via telephone interview. Several demographic questions (eg, sex, age, self-reported race/ethnicity, educational status, and marital status) were previously assessed for all AmeriSpeak panel members. As members of the AmeriSpeak panel, participants are invited to participate in several surveys per month and were paid a cash equivalent of $3 for completing this survey.
The comparison sample for this study, measuring mental health before COVID-19, was the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative group of noninstitutionalized civilian US adults aged 18 years or older. The NHANES is an annual cross-sectional survey conducted by the US government. Participants are selected through a 4-stage probability sampling design, selecting primary sampling units by the county-level, then by census block–level, and then by households in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The AmeriSpeak panel’s sampling frame included 97% of US households, in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, and used a 2-stage probability sample design, first at the county-level and then at the census block–level. Thus, in this way, the NHANES sample is a suitable comparison group for the nationally representative AmeriSpeak panel. Collection of NHANES is administered through household interviews and interviews in a mobile examination center, measuring physical and mental health with a Computer Assisted Personal Interview for the depression screener, similar to an online survey questionnaire. There were 9254 participants in the NHANES 2017 to 2018 cycle. The NHANES sample used in this study excluded 3398 individuals (36.7%) younger than 18 years and 791 individuals (8.5%) missing depression data. The final NHANES sample included 5065 participants.
Depression symptoms in both studies were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire–9, a clinically validated survey with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88% at a cutoff score of 10 or higher.19 Depression symptom categories were defined as none (score, 0-4), mild (score, 5-9), moderate (score, 10-14), moderately severe (score, 15-19), and severe (score, ≥20).19 Binary classification of depression symptoms was defined by a score of 10 or greater.
We assessed 13 stressors based on prior studies conducted after traumatic events.20,21 Examples of COVID-19 stressors included losing a job, death of someone close to you owing to COVID-19, and having financial problems. We excluded stressors that were capturing constructs applicable only to specific groups and created a score ranging from 0 to 13 to measure cumulative exposure to COVID-19 stressors. We divided the scores into thirds to measure low, medium, and high exposure to COVID-19-induced stressors. Cutoffs for stressor score categories were low (score, 0-2), medium (score, 3-4), and high (score, 5-13).
Sex was defined as a binary variable for men or women. Age was defined as a categorical variable with 3 groups: 18 to 39 years, 40 to 59 years, or 60 years or older. Race/ethnicity was defined as a categorical variable across 5 mutually exclusive categories: non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Asian, and other race/ethnicity (including multiple races/ethnicities). Education was defined as a categorical variable with 4 groups: less than high school graduate, high school graduate or general education diploma equivalent, some college, and college graduate or higher. Marital status was defined as a categorical variable with 4 groups: married; widowed, divorced, or separated; never married; and living with partner. Household income was defined as a categorical variable with 4 groups, divided approximately at the interquartile range: $0 to $19 999, $20 000 to $44 999, $45 000 to $74 999, and $75 000 or more. Household savings was defined as a binary variable with savings of at least $5000. Savings was defined as “money in all types of accounts, including cash, savings, or checking accounts, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, retirement funds (such as pensions, IRAs, 401Ks, etc), and certificates of deposit.” Household size was defined as the number of people living in a home with categories from 1 to 7 or more to protect participant identity.
First, we calculated the demographic characteristics of the NHANES and CLIMB samples. Mobile examination center survey weights were used for NHANES data, and probability survey weights were used for CLIMB data. Second, we conducted bivariable χ2 analysis to assess the association between demographic characteristics and depression symptoms in CLIMB and NHANES samples. Third, we estimated the prevalence and 95% CIs of depression symptoms in the US across categories before and during COVID-19 using CLIMB and NHANES samples. Fourth, we calculated the difference and ratio between estimates of depression symptoms during and before COVID-19. Fifth, we estimated the distribution of depression symptom categories before and during COVID-19 in the US using CLIMB and NHANES samples. Sixth, we used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the association between COVID-19–induced life stressors and depression symptoms, controlling for demographic characteristics and resources; the model controlled for sex, age, race/ethnicity, household size, education, marital status, household income, household savings, and COVID-19 stressor score. We used complete case analysis for the multivariable analysis. Stata statistical software version 16.1 (StataCorp) was used for statistical analyses. P values were 2-sided, and statistical significance was set at P = .05. Data were analyzed from April 15 to 20, 2020.
A total of 1470 participants completed the CLIMB survey for a completion rate of 64.3%. Of these, 1441 participants were included in the final sample. A total of 619 participants (43.0% unweighted, 38.0% weighted) in the total sample were aged 18 to 39 years, 723 (50.2% unweighted, 48.1% weighted) were men, and 933 (64.7% unweighted, 62.9% weighted) were non-Hispanic White. The pre–COVID-19 NHANES sample included 5065 participants (1704 participants [37.8%] aged 18-39 years; 2588 [51.4%] women; 1790 [62.9%] non-Hispanic White). Table 1 presents demographic characteristics of the NHANES and CLIMB study participants, prevalence of depression symptoms for each sample weighted to the US population, and distribution of depression symptoms by demographic groups. Our sample was representative of the US population and similar in distribution of demographic characteristics to that of the NHANES sample. The CLIMB sample had a lower income than the NHANES sample (Table 1).
A total of 458 participants (8.5%) had depression symptoms before COVID-19, and 382 participants (27.8%) had depression symptoms during COVID-19. Higher levels of depression symptoms were observed in all demographic groups during COVID-19 compared with before, with more than 3-fold higher prevalence of depression symptoms in general. The distribution of depression symptoms within demographic categories was consistent with patterns observed before COVID-19. For example, before and during COVID-19, women were more likely to have depression symptoms than men (before: 277 women [10.1%] vs 181 men [6.9%]; during: 233 women [33.3%] vs 149 men [21.9%]). For race/ethnicity, non-Hispanic Asian individuals saw an 18.7–percentage point higher prevalence of depression symptoms during COVID-19 compared with before COVID-19 (8 participants [23.1%] vs 26 participants [4.4%]).
In general, having more resources was associated with a lower prevalence of depression symptoms, both before and during COVID-19. During COVID-19, married individuals had a lower rate of depression symptoms (124 participants with depression [18.3%]), compared with those who were widowed, divorced, or separated (75 participants with depression [31.5%]), never married (130 participants with depression [39.8%]), or living with a partner (53 participants with depression [37.7%]). Similarly, 116 individuals in the lowest income category (46.9%) had depression symptoms, while 67 individuals in the highest income category (16.9%) had depression symptoms. Individuals with household savings of $5000 or more were less likely to have depression symptoms (146 participants [19.3%]) than individuals with savings less than $5000 (227 participants [40.4%]). Having experienced more COVID-19 stressors was associated with greater burden of depression symptoms (low: 64 participants [15.5%]; medium: 132 participants [25.1%]; high: 185 participants [42.9%]).
Prevalence of depression symptoms in the US was higher in every category during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 (Table 2). During COVID-19, most US residents (52.5% [95% CI, 49.1%-55.8%]) had symptoms of mild depression or greater; before COVID-19, 24.7% (95% CI, 22.9%-26.6%) of US residents had symptoms of mild depression or greater. Mild depression symptoms prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI, 15.1%-17.4%) before COVID-19 compared with 24.6% (95% CI, 21.8%-27.7%) during COVID-19; moderate depression symptoms prevalence was 5.7% (95% CI, 4.8%-6.9%) before COVID-19 compared with 14.8% (95% CI, 12.6%-7.4%) during COVID-19; moderately severe depression symptom prevalence was 2.1% (95% CI, 1.6%-2.8%) before COVID-19 compared with 7.9% (95% CI, 6.3%-9.8%) during COVID-19; and severe depression prevalence was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.5%-0.9%) before COVID-19 compared with 5.1% (95% CI, 3.8%-6.9%) during COVID-19. Overall, prevalence was 1.5-fold higher for mild depression symptoms, 2.6-fold higher for moderate depression symptoms, 3.7-fold higher for moderately severe depression symptoms, and 7.5-fold higher for severe depression symptoms categories during COVID-19 compared with before COVID-19.
The Figure presents depression symptom scores from the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 grouped by category before and during COVID-19. There was a greater distribution of scores between 0 and 4 before COVID-19; the CLIMB sample had a greater distribution of depression symptoms than the NHANES sample for all scores greater than 5. Thus, we saw a rightward shift in symptom burden in the sample during COVID-19 compared with the sample before COVID-19.
Among the CLIMB sample, after controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, household size, education, marital status, household income, household savings, and COVID-19 stressor score, participants with lower social and economic resources and with higher COVID-19 stressor scores had higher odds of depression symptoms compared with participants with higher social and economic resources or lower COVID-19 stressor scores (Table 3). Compared with married individuals, individuals who were widowed, divorced, or separated had 2.1-fold increased odds of depression symptoms (OR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.29-3.36]) and individuals who had never married had 1.9-fold increased odds of depression symptoms (OR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.17-2.94]). Compared with individuals with an annual household income of $75 000 or more, those with a household income of $19 999 or less had 2.4-fold increased odds of depression symptoms (OR, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.26-4.43]). Individuals with household savings less than $5000 had 1.5-fold increased odds of depression symptoms (OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.02-2.26]). Experiencing more COVID-19 stressors was also associated with greater odds of depression symptoms compared with people with low stressor exposure (medium: OR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.16-2.71]); high: OR, 3.05 [95% CI, 1.95-4.77]).
This survey study found that prevalence of depression symptoms in the US increased more than 3-fold during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 8.5% before COVID-19 to 27.8% during COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first nationally representative study that assessed depression symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 in US adults before and during the COVID-19-pandemic. We found a shift in depression symptoms, with fewer people with no symptoms and more people with more symptoms during COVID-19 than before COVID-19. We also found that lower income groups were at greater risk of depression symptoms than higher income groups, and that having less than $5000 in household savings was associated with 1.5-fold increased odds of depression symptoms, or 50% greater risk. Additionally, we found that people with exposure to more stressors had greater odds of depression symptoms.
Findings from a 2014 review3 on trauma and mental health suggest that depression increases during and after traumatic events; our study adds to this literature. A 2020 study by Ni et al8 analyzed depression symptoms before and after political unrest in Hong Kong using the same measure of depression symptoms we deployed in this study. They reported national depression symptoms prevalence before the unrest to be 6.5% (compared with 8.5% in our pre–COVID-19 US sample) and 11.2% in 2019 during unrest (compared with 27.8% in our during–COVID-19 sample). This suggests that the impact of COVID-19 on the US population may be substantially larger than that after other large-scale events. This may reflect the greater ubiquity of COVID-19 and its effects on the US population than prior recorded large-scale traumatic events.
Our findings are consistent with studies in Asia showing a substantial burden of psychological distress following COVID-19.16,17,22 In a study of health care workers in Hubei province and surrounding regions, Lai et al15 found similar levels of depression: 49.6% of participants had no depression (vs 47.5% of participants in the CLIMB sample), while 35.6% of participants had mild depression (vs 24.6% in the CLIMB sample), 8.6% of participants had moderate depression (vs 14.8% in the CLIMB sample), and 6.2% of participants had moderately severe depression (vs 7.9% in the CLIMB sample). The Lai et al15 sample in China included only health care professionals and was concentrated in the Hubei region, while our sample included a representative sample of all US residents and sampled the whole country. Lai et al15 sampled earlier in the pandemic, when the global socioeconomic effects of COVID-19 had yet to materialize fully. Our findings are also consistent with a body of literature showing that having fewer assets and more exposure to life stressors are associated with more depression during times of social duress and during low-intensity periods.10,23-25 Our estimates of pre–COVID-19 depressive symptoms are consistent with other population-level nationally representative studies that captured different constructs of depression; in 2018, 4.7% of adults aged 18 years or older surveyed in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health had major depressive disorder with severe impairment, compared with 8.5% of adults in the NHANES having depression symptoms.26 While major depressive disorder is a more severe measure of depression, based on the results of our study, we may expect to see increases in the presence of major depressive disorder in other studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study has some limitations. First, we compare 2 cross-sectional data sources; by comparing NHANES and CLIMB, we are assessing different individuals. We do not survey the same individuals over time, so the NHANES data can provide only a proxy for the true baseline level of depression for CLIMB participants. Differences in prevalence of depression between groups may in part be driven by differences in demographic characteristics, random selection, recruitment, and sampling frame. However, these are both population-representative surveys, drawn randomly with probability-based sampling using address-based sampling of US households, mitigating this concern. We used identical measures of outcome assessment to enable cross-study comparability. Second, some differences in the NHANES and CLIMB depression estimates may be owing to the differences in baseline mental health across participants; for example, estimates of responses to the assessment of previous diagnosis of depression from 2016 suggest that participants in the AmeriSpeak panel had a 2.3–percentage point higher prevalence of previous diagnosis of depression than the national baseline as measured through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (18.8% in AmeriSpeak vs 16.5% in the national baseline).27 This suggests that the AmeriSpeak population may have had a slightly higher history of previous depression than the national comparison group; however, the difference is small, and our study examined past 2-week depression symptoms. It is impossible to anticipate how the difference in previous depression could, if at all, affect the magnitude of depression found in our study. It is possible that individuals with a known history of depression were more likely to have ongoing depression or have had better access to treatment that would mitigate the current trauma. Third, the COVID-19 pandemic is peaking in different cities at different times; responses to stressors and COVID-19 may differ across regions. This study was not designed to assess regional differences. Fourth, we are using a well-established and validated depression screener. While this provides probably the best possible assessment of population-level burden of depression, a diagnosis of depression is ultimately a diagnosis made by a clinician.
In this population-representative survey study of US adults, we found that prevalence of depression symptoms was more than 3-fold higher during COVID-19 compared with the most recent population-based estimates of mental health in the US. This increase in depression symptom prevalence is higher than that recorded after previous mass traumatic events, likely reflecting the far more pervasive influence of COVID-19 and its social and economic consequences than other, previously studied mass traumatic events. This study was conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. On the final day of the survey, April 13, 2020, the death toll was more than 23 000 individuals in the US, with more than 600 000 cases confirmed. As of June 8, 2020, the US has experienced more than 113 000 deaths, with more than 2 000 000 cases confirmed. While too few people in the study had been diagnosed with COVID-19 themselves to meaningfully comment on differences in mental health between those who had and had not been diagnosed with COVID-19, we imagine that as the virus spreads and more cases of COVID-19 are confirmed, so too may mental illness increase among those with COVID-19 and those around them. These results suggest that context matters, and that the combined context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences have resulted in an increase in mental illness in US adults. Addressing treatment for these individuals will be an interesting and important discussion for health professionals, particularly if a large number of depression cases are due to situational factors. While further data will be needed to assess the trajectory of depression in the US population and potential treatment for affected populations, it seems important to recognize the potential for the mental health consequences of COVID-19 to be large in scale, to recognize that these effects can be long-lasting, and to consider preventative action to help mitigate its effects.28 In particular, this burden is being borne by economically and socially marginalized groups, suggesting that individuals with low income and with fewer resources may benefit from particular policy attention in coming months.
Accepted for Publication: July 27, 2020.
Published: September 2, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2020 Ettman CK et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Sandro Galea, MD, DrPH, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Talbot 301, Boston, MA 02118 ([email protected]).
Author Contributions: Ms Ettman had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Ettman, Abdalla, Cohen, Vivier, Galea.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Ettman, Galea.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Ettman, Cohen, Galea.
Obtained funding: Abdalla, Galea.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Abdalla, Cohen, Sampson.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Galea reported serving as a consultant for Sharecare and Tivity Health. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was funded in part through support from the Rockefeller Foundation–Boston University 3-D Commission. Ms Ettman worked on this project while funded by grant No. T32 AG 23482-15 from the National Institutes of Health.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. | <urn:uuid:5687f6b3-fec2-4468-87c8-81bd2ff6a2fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2770146 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.950654 | 7,171 | 1.804688 | 2 |
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Generate portable C or C++ source code, or standalone applications from your MATLAB applications that use Satellite Communications Toolbox. Use the generated C or C++ source code or executable to verify your designs outside the MATLAB environment. | <urn:uuid:c3f9e286-dbc8-49ef-a5d0-d4b82ca32a39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nl.mathworks.com/products/satellite-communications.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.794265 | 541 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Stafford Borough Council has been fined after a man was seriously injured in the course of working on the set in the Gatehouse Theatre.
Two employees were using a collapsible aluminium platform, known as a tallescope, to carry out work on a projector and stage curtains, at a height of around 4.5 metres. Mark Elkin was working on top of the platform, whilst his colleague moved it around the stage. However, the platform overturned as he was moving it – resulting in serious injuries to Mr Elkin.
The platform was not designed to be moved whilst someone was using it, though a subsequent investigation found that this was common practice at the theatre. A risk assessment for use of the platform had not been carried out – and would have uncovered this limitation if it had been.
Mr Elkin suffered a fractured sacrum, the bone that connects the spine to the pelvis, when he fell from the platform. He was unable to bear weight on his right leg for a month, and it was another month before he was fit to return to work. However, the investigation by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) found that the consequences could have been far more serious. HSE Inspector Katherine Blunt commented, “This accident was entirely preventable. The tallescope should not have been moved with anyone in the cage. This could very easily have been a fatality. As it is, Mr Elkin suffered serious injuries.”
Stafford Borough Council was fined £20,000 and ordered to pay costs of £1,922, plus a victim surcharge of £120. Mr Elkin also has the right to pursue a personal injury claim against the council to recover compensation for his injuries and any financial losses he incurred as a result of the accident.
Falls from height are the most common cause of fatalities at work. Back problems – frequently caused by poor lifting technique, bad training and inadequate safety procedures – are the most common work-related injury.
Have you been injured in an accident at work? Talk to us. We are experienced personal injury specialists and can give you the expert advice you need. Call 01302 320621 or email [email protected] | <urn:uuid:128c31fc-c0b4-43f0-afeb-ace45aca29c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.athertongodfrey.co.uk/council-fined-after-theatre-injury/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.987501 | 454 | 1.5 | 2 |
I do not attack Democrats. I do not attack Republicans. I do not attack individuals. I attack ignorance. In this age of nuclear power, where pressure on a button can devastate a country, I attack instability. And this upcoming election will determine whether or not the United States attacks other countries.
The following is a work of opinion submitted by the author.
I do not attack Democrats. I do not attack Republicans. I do not attack individuals.
I attack ignorance.
In this age of nuclear power, where pressure on a button can devastate a country, I attack instability. And this upcoming election will determine whether or not the United States attacks other countries.
Have you held the body of your dead son, shipped home from a distant land in a battered box? Have you stood under a lowering gray sky and watched a set of disinterested men shovel dirt onto the grave of your sibling, your child, your friend, long after the rest of the funeral guests departed in murmuring voices and swirls of empty autumn air?
Dead men do not say “goodbye.”
I attack war.
On this dying planet we are human. It does not matter if we are human in Florida or in Iran or in Israel or in India. We are born into this flesh, and there is no “us” and no “them.” We are all human.
The curse of humanity is this need to have an “us” and a “them” — the misconception that, without an enemy, there can be no friend. But humanity is operating on flawed foundations, and if we do not work to eradicate ignorance and understand each other, we will crumble from within.
This is not a call to arms. This is a call for a cessation of arms. This is a call to pick up a book, to learn instead of destroying. To accept that in this world, conquest is not our goal. Peace and human advancement should be our priorities. This “our” is not only the United States, but every state and every country. Humanity is our heritage.
The upcoming election is not just about the United States. In the protective bubble of these 50 states, individuals tend to forget that the United States is not isolated in this world, that this next president will determine more than the country’s economy.
So please consider, U.S. citizens: The world is bigger than an individual nation. This president — Obama or Romney — this human will determine international policy for the next four years. Search for platforms and not for pointed barbs. Politics is not a game, not a spectator sport. It is not about who made what amusing gaffe. Determine which man will navigate safely, defuse tensions, lead us to world peace. It does not matter who mispronounced what word in the vast scheme of international relations. Look for policy in these men’s promises. Search for understanding in the speeches of these candidates.
Humanity as a whole must shake loose this culture of ignorance and comprehend the impact of our actions.
Right now, this means cultural tolerance, understanding.
Humanity cannot afford another great war. So, United States, do your research. I cannot tell you who to vote for. I can only tell you what is in our best interest as the human race.
Foster tolerance. No prophet preaches death.
Remember, there is no “us” and “them.” We are all human. Let us not court disaster.
Beneath the veneer of our cultures, our upbringings, our religions, we all feel the same emotions.
We love, we respect, and we have the capacity for acceptance.
So let us accept what we cannot agree with, on the basis that we all see the same world through different eyes. Let us tolerate if we cannot love, and, most importantly, let us not jeopardize millions of live because we do not understand.
We should not attack Democrats. We should not attack Republicans. Let us approach unity as the human race has approached everything else: With drive, determination, and ability. We are strong.
Let us attack ignorance. The war for understanding is the only war worth fighting.
Juliet Brooks is a enior at Cherry Hill High School East in Cherry Hill, N.J. | <urn:uuid:a8dae00f-a341-48de-9364-01dbe3348690> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whyy.org/articles/cherry-hill-teen-calls-on-voters-to-choose-a-president-who-will-keep-us-from-war/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.92437 | 899 | 1.664063 | 2 |
It has been narrated on the authority of Anas that the Quraish made peace with the Prophet (may peace be upon him). Among them was Suhail b. Amr. The Prophet (may peace be upon him) said to ‘Ali: Write “In the name of Allah, most Gracious and most Merciful.” Suhail said: As for “Bismillah,” we do not know what is meant by “Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim” (In the name of Allah most Gracious and most Merciful). But write what we understand, i.e. Bi-ismika allahumma (in thy name. O Allah). Then, the Prophet (may peace be upon him) said: Write: “From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah.” They said: If we knew that thou welt the Messenger of Allah, we would follow you. Therefore, write your name and the name of your father. So the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said: Write “From Muhammad b. ‘Abdullah.” They laid the condition on the Prophet (may peace be upon him) that anyone who joined them from the Muslims, the Meccans would not return him, and anyone who joined you (the Muslims) from them, you would send him back to them. The Companions said: Messenger of Allah, should we write this? He said: Yes. One who goes away from us to join them-may Allah keep him away ! and one who comes to join us from them (and is sent back) Allah will provide him relief and a way of escape.
Chapter : The treaty of Hudaibiya. | <urn:uuid:8437944d-81dd-49d9-b9a3-2f3756deef40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/sahih-muslim-book-19-jihad-and-expedition/sahih-muslim-book-019-hadith-number-4404 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.954916 | 364 | 2.640625 | 3 |
complex project 3
In chapter 2 of Terry Cooke-Davies’ book Aspects of Complexity Stephen Hayes and Daniel Bennett write about managing projects with high complexity. They highlight key issues that the ICCPM roundtables participants believed have significant impact on the success of complex projects (Cooke-Davies 2011, p.18-19).
In contrast the song by the Young Adults “It’s a Complex World” (YouTube video) argues that life and the world is inherently complex.
Now that you’ve had opportunity to learn a little about complex projects, who do you think is right?
1. Are there key issues that significantly impact on complexity, as Stephen Hayes and Daniel Bennett write?
2. Or, is the world inherently complex as the Young Adults sing?
You must use the correct academic communication method to write your explanation, including in-text references and a reference list. See the Academic Learning Centre Moodle web page in the Moodle Support section on this web page if you do not know how to do this. The 700 word limit includes all the text you enter, which also consists of in-text references and the reference list | <urn:uuid:a071d5d8-0a57-48f9-8f4b-a142e065c5cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeofengineers.com/in-chapter-2-of-terry-cooke-davies-book-aspects-of-complexity-stephen-hayes-and-daniel-bennett-write-about-managing-projects-with-high-complexity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.917116 | 243 | 2.796875 | 3 |
What is mint cilantro chutney?
Traditional North Indian chutney that is fresh, herby and lightly spiced
If you want to cook up a real Indian feast, then a good chutney is absolutely essential. Mint cilantro chutney, sometimes called coriander chutney or green chutney, is a classic chutney that is delicious to eat and quick to make.
Indian food is hot, spicy and flavourful, which is why we love to have a fresh chutney to break up that heat and add another layer to the meal.
A hot crispy samosa or a spicy paneer jalfrezi NEEDS a cold condiment to take it to the next level. It just wouldn’t be the same experience without it, and you would feel like you were missing that fresh flavour and cooling sensation.
One of the easiest chutneys you can make is this mint cilantro chutney.
With the addition of toasted sunflower seeds and olive oil, this is not a traditional chutney recipe, but an updated version with some added health benefits.
What’s more, the olive oil and water emulsify to give the chutney a thick and creamy texture. It’s like a beautiful cross between a chutney and a pesto, if you will.
What is mint cilantro chutney made of?
Coriander – Always use fresh coriander, and that includes the stalks. Coriander stalks tend to be fairly fine and so they will whizz up easily
Mint – Again, always use fresh mint. But because mint stalks are quite tough, I would suggest only using the mint leaves.
Chilli – I use one deseeded green chilli in this recipe. The chutney has a kick but its not too spicy. If you don’t like spice, or if you want to make this for children, you can definitely omit the chilli and the chutney will still be wonderful.
Sunflower seeds – The addition of sunflower seeds gives the chutney some additional texture, as well as a nutritional boost. Sunflower seeds are high in vitamins E and B1. Vitamin E is great for brain, heart and eye health. Whilst vitamin B1 maintains a healthy nervous system.
A powerful food processor – You don’t need a fancy food processor at all, but just a powerful little machine that will chop everything up very small. For this recipe, depending on the quantity I am making, I will either use a large food processor, or my Kenwood mini chopper. The mini chopper which is way cheaper, actually does process everything perfectly, so I would say its great for this recipe.
What do you eat mint cilantro chutney with?
Traditionally this chutney is eaten with classic hot Indian snacks (samosas/pakoras/bhajis). I especially love it with these tandoori vegetables.
But honestly, if this chutney is in the fridge, I will put it in sandwiches, in wraps and anything else I can think of!
How long does green chutney last?
This chutney will last for up to 2 days in the fridge, in an air tight container. Before serving, give it a good mix. The vibrant green shade can become dull as the herbs at the top oxidise, but mixing it will solve this. | <urn:uuid:38146b0c-60d8-4509-ba68-d044478b041b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.noasmodernkitchen.com/mint-cilantro-chutney-coriander-chutney/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.911904 | 720 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Sabin supports the professionals most responsible for ensuring all communities receive the maximum benefit vaccines can deliver. We work with partners to better understand and address vaccine acceptance, demand and delivery barriers; bolster professional collaboration; foster action to develop new and universal vaccines; and better apply epidemiology to maximize vaccine rollout effectiveness.
We Generate Evidence
We provide data that policy makers need to drive informed immunization decisions.
We Explore Vaccine Acceptance
We work in LMIC communities to understand the factors and cultural contexts that lie at the heart of vaccine acceptance and demand. We also connect journalists with health workers, as they are trusted voices of health information
We Strengthen Immunization Capacity
We empower immunization professionals to improve vaccine access and health care systems from the ground up.
We Power Vaccine R&D
We focus on developing vaccines that disproportionately affect people living in LMICs.
1,0001,000 people in 50 countries engaged in virtual dialogues on tackling vaccine misinformation.
2,100+The Boost Community supports more than 2,100 immunization professionals around the world.
4,000The Applied Epidemiology program gathered 4,000 blood samples to study low-cost surveillance tools for typhoid.
5,000+More than 5,000 volunteers, including 600 pediatrics, have received our Ebola Sudan and Marburg vaccines and no severe adverse events have been reported.
We make vaccines more accessible, enable innovation and expand immunization across the globe. | <urn:uuid:bc90ed45-10c2-490c-a708-13e5ea80b37d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sabin.org/our-impact/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.878911 | 309 | 2.03125 | 2 |
This assignment will have you compare and contrast treatment approaches for sexual offenders. This comparison must include both a review of the three theoretical models that have dominated intervention efforts for this group of offenders, and a review of the literature evaluating the effectiveness of each approach. Your paper should also include a discussion on female sexual offenders, including how they differ from their male counterparts in terms of risk factors for recidivism and treatment needs.
In addition to the above, you will need to conduct a review of the research literature to properly complete this assignment. This review does not need to be comprehensive as the literature for each model is very large; but your review will need to extend beyond the required readings for Unit 5. To be clear, you cannot rely solely on your required readings for this assignment. Additionally, Wikipedia (or similar internet sources) is unacceptable as a scholarly source of information in this course. You must use APA formatting for your references and your paper must not exceed 15 double-spaced pages (including references); and your font should be 12-point Times New Roman.
Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.[order_calculator] | <urn:uuid:5033f882-9d6c-42d4-864c-f8da6c90ef9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.primeessayhelp.com/compare-and-contrast-treatment-approaches-for-sexual-offenders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.941913 | 241 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Following the confirmation of the incidences of monkeypox virus reported in Nigeria, the government has called for the immediate suspension of sales and consumption of bushmeat.
According to Nigeria’s news agency, at least twenty-one cases of the virus have been reported with one mortality already registered.
The Ministry of Agriculture, through the Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services in collaboration with the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control said the disease must be contained by cutting its spread.
A statement by the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, Mohammed Abubakar, he urged Nigerians to avoid bushmeat as they are carriers of the virus.
He also advised people to avoid contact with persons infected.
“Hunters and dealers of “bushmeat” must desist from the practice forthwith to prevent any possibility of “SPILLOVER” of the pathogen in Nigeria,” he said.
“Transport of wild animals and their products within and across the borders should be suspended/restricted.
“All operators of Zoos, Parks, Conservation and Recreational centers keeping non-human primates in their domains must ensure strict compliance with their biosecurity protocols aimed at preventing their contacts with humans.
“All Veterinary Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospitals, and other Veterinary Health Institutions across the country must ensure vigilance so as to be able to pick possible signs and symptoms of Monkey Pox in non-human primate (NHP) patients.
“We must also ensure regular handwashing using strong disinfectant anytime we handle NHP and rodents in our various locations.
“We must also discourage the act of consumption, trade and keeping of NHP as well as rodents as pets in our homes.”
Monkeypox virus is a self-limiting disease usually known to spread easily with contact. It is known to lead to low mortality except in cases of comorbidities.
Copyright: News Central TV
All rights reserved. This material, and other digital content on this website, may not be reproduced, published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in whole or in part without prior express written permission from News Central TV. | <urn:uuid:ad4c65e8-c149-45c8-8c16-18aca3aef9ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newscentral.africa/monkeypox-suspend-sale-and-consumption-of-bushmeat-nigerian-govt-tells-citizens/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.945363 | 446 | 1.804688 | 2 |
A pot filler faucet is a tap which extends over the kitchen's stove and is used to fill pots and saucepans with water during cooking. Most cooks agree that it is a splendid little device which saves them a great deal of time. A pot filler faucet can eliminate around 50 percent of the work involved in using water during cooking. Having one of these products installed in your kitchen couldn’t be simpler, so if you are planning a pot filler faucet, then try a few simple tips that can help you to successfully install one above your kitchen range.
Step 1 - Measure Where the Pot Filler Will Go
Before you start installing the pipes for your pot filler, you need to measure how high you need the faucet to be. You don’t want to have to awkwardly slide the pot under the faucet tap, so the lowest section of the tap should be installed at least one inch above the combined height of the stove’s cooktop, and your pot. Use the highest pot you own as your rule of thumb when putting in the faucet, so all of your pots will fit under the tap. You may also have further instructions from your manufacturer about height, so follow these closely.
Step 2 - Calculate the Space Needed
Pot filler faucets are frequently designed to swing out of the way of the cook after they have been used, so you need to consider the amount of room you have around your stove. If your kitchen design is cramped with a number of cupboards on either side of the cooktop, then you may be limited on where to put the faucet. Make sure that you design the pot filler to fold in towards the wall, rather than outwards into the room if there is not sufficient space for it to rotate fully.
Step 3 - Choose the Right Design
The faucets have a range of designs, featuring either one or two valves. The one valve device is practical and functional, and therefore has become very popular, but the two valve filler is able to fully close the faucet, preventing drips. Installing the two valves design will help to ensure that there is less chance of damage to the stove caused by a dripping faucet. This can be necessary as there are no drains below the spout to ensure that water runs away. The design does not need to be limited to the installation. You may wish to use a pot filler which is color coordinated to the rest of your kitchen.
Step 4 - Plumb Your Pot Filler
The plumbing of the pot filler faucet can be done quickly and easily. When installing this product, remember to calculate the exact distance between the faucet and the pipe which is supplying the water. Don't make the distance too large, as a lot of piping can affect the water pressure in the faucet spout, making it dribble when it should have a good supply of water. You should also check that the connections between pipes and the faucet are well caulked. The faucet is designed to be movable, and this may result in some accidental tugging of the connections between the faucet and pipes. | <urn:uuid:0acda4ba-cb24-4e6f-8f91-b39eac8b764a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.doityourself.com/stry/4-tips-for-installing-a-pot-filler | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.954425 | 654 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Doubtless you were as dismayed as we were to learn a few days ago that the beautiful, magnificent, harmless monarch butterfly has joined thousands of other insect species on the endangered species list:
WASHINGTON (AP) — The monarch butterfly fluttered a step closer to extinction Thursday, as scientists put the iconic orange-and-black insect on the endangered list because of its fast dwindling numbers.
“It’s just a devastating decline,” said Stuart Pimm, an ecologist at Duke University who was not involved in the new listing. “This is one of the most recognizable butterflies in the world.”
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature added the migrating monarch butterfly for the first time to its “red list” of threatened species and categorized it as “endangered” — two steps from extinct.
The group estimates that the population of monarch butterflies in North America has declined between 22% and 72% over 10 years, depending on the measurement method.Source: AP
Whatever the reasons, and they are, admittedly, complex, all that we can think of is what God will say to us: “Did you have to destroy my butterflies, too?”
May God have mercy. | <urn:uuid:1253fe3d-62b7-48da-91f7-bc4a483d4af7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://news.lwccn.com/index.php/2022/08/01/did-you-have-to-destroy-my-butterflies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958736 | 255 | 2.546875 | 3 |
I’m a pharmacist (among other things), and the number one question I get asked at work is “What can I take for that thing that’s going around?”
Here’s what people don’t seem to realize – everything is always “going around.” People are always sick, but not always with the same thing. Just because you have a sore throat and you know someone else who had a sore throat for a few days last month doesn’t mean sore throats are “going around.” Even if you have a bunch of close friends or family who all came down with the same sickness around the same time, it just means that it was “going around” your home or work – it doesn’t mean that your local doctor or pharmacist is going to know anything about your symptoms or what illness you have. So, no. I don’t know what’s going around. Except STDs. Those things are rampant. Did you know that 1 in 4 sexually active young women are currently infected with an STD? Many don’t even know it – they just go around infecting people. But that’s a topic for another day.
That said, if you remember my Christmas post from last month, there definitely WAS a sickness going around that house, and I still have it. My lungs have decided that this is their new normal. Every cough feels like it’s coming from the deepest part of my lungs, and my throat is very displeased with the situation. A normal person might go to the doctor, because 6 weeks of a constant chest cold does not seem normal.
Unfortunately, I’m not going to the doctor because I happen to know that post-viral cough is definitely a thing, and can last for many weeks after recovering from a respiratory infection such as the flu (which I’m 90% sure I had). I also happen to know that the vast majority of doctors would prescribe me antibiotics if I went in, because that’s what the vast majority of doctors do. And here’s the real source of my angst, and the reason I’m writing this:
You probably don’t need antibiotics.
We’ve been trained since the invention of penicillin to believe that illnesses need to be treated. If I’m sick, I need to take something. If I have an infection, I need to take an antibiotic. WRONG.
Currently, it’s estimated that between 30-50% of the antibiotics that are prescribed in America are unnecessary. So if you’ve been given an antibiotic, there’s a reasonable chance that it didn’t do anything (or made things worse). But how can they make things worse?
On the small scale, taking an antibiotic when you really don’t NEED one can cause all sorts of problems. First, it kills off your internal microbiome. We’ve evolved to live in a symbiotic relationship with all sorts of bacteria. The bacteria in our intestines produce essential vitamins that we need to live, assist in digesting our food, and take up all the available space so more nasty infections (such as C. difficile – a bacteria that is very difficult to treat once it takes root) can’t get a foothold and wreak havoc on your innards. In 2017, 223,900 cases of C.diff were reported in hospitalized patients and 12,800 of those patients died. It’s not something you want to mess around with.
Women also have vaginal bacteria that help to regulate pH and keep everything in tip-top shape. Killing off those bacteria is the reason why many women get yeast infections after taking antibiotics. It’s so common that many doctors prescribe antifungals at the same time as antibiotics. So now the one medication you may not have even needed has become two medications. Because you didn’t feel sick enough already, right? But these issues (while very unpleasant for the individual) are small potatoes in the big picture. So what’s the real issue here?
Antibiotic resistance. It’s real, and it’s a problem. More than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur in the U.S. every year, killing more than 35,000 people. This is preventable! Antibiotics are meant to save lives (and don’t get me wrong – they definitely save lives), but their overuse is responsible for the deaths of thousands of people every single year.
Antibiotics kill bacteria (they’re anti-biotic — biotic=life — get it?). They don’t treat viruses (which are not actually “alive” – they’re actually a lot like a computer virus – they can’t do anything outside of a computer/cell, but they make that computer/cell do bad things). But antibiotics only kill certain kinds of bacteria. The only way to know which antibiotic will work is to determine which type of bacteria you have and what it’s already resistant to. When’s the last time you went in with a sinus infection or ear infection and they took a swab, waited a few days to culture it, and called you back to say which antibiotic killed the cells in the Petri dish? No. We don’t do that. Even if they do a test (such as a swab for strep), they don’t actually culture it in most cases. They send you on your way with whatever random antibiotic popped into their head first. Each doctor has their own favorite antibiotic that they prescribe to pretty much everybody, and you can almost tell which doctors are staffing the local ER each day with what the most popular meds are for that shift. Sure, there are guidelines, but with most infections there’s no easy way to know what will ACTUALLY work, so they just pick one and see what happens.
So what if they chose wrong, and your bacteria was resistant? What if it was actually viral, and the antibiotic did nothing? Well, usually you get better anyway. Because (get this) most infections clear up on their own. Hear that? I’ll say it again. MOST INFECTIONS CLEAR UP ON THEIR OWN. So why do we treat everything when it’s not necessary? Because it makes us happy to feel like we’re doing something. Nobody wants to get a sinus infection (or a cough that won’t go away – just kill me already) and just sit, waiting for it to go away on its own. We want to take something! We want to be cured! Well, tough noogies, sometimes you just have to wait for your own immune system to step up.
I’m making this sound like I’m anti-antibiotics. I am, but only in the sense that I’m anti-anti-biotics (remember – “biotic” means life!). What I’m trying to say here is that I’m pro-immune system! I’m one of those weird people who thinks that medicines should be saved for the people who actually need them (like people who won’t get better without them). Drug-resistant bacteria are becoming a bigger problem every year, and this over-prescribing trend shows no sign of slowing down in any meaningful way. Doctors are a big part of the problem, but they’re not the only ones. Don’t go to the doctor if you’re not actually seriously ill! This “I’m going to urgent care because I’ve been coughing for a week,” or “I can feel like a sinus infection is starting, so I’m going to call my doctor to ask for the antibiotic I had last time” thing needs to stop. I’m looking at you. | <urn:uuid:20a6c442-c4c2-4a9e-84b2-3e8635f59396> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iwouldntworryaboutit.com/theres-something-going-around/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.953206 | 1,789 | 1.882813 | 2 |
When Internet dating first came out there was zero method to filter out people who weren’t serious about seeing. People would get married or perhaps particular date online, hoping that this may somehow boost their chances of selecting someone with whom to really start a romance. As the popularity of online dating sites grew the online world Service Provider (ISP) companies so, who offered the service started to be more restrictive in what that they allowed buyers to do on the webpage. It is by this time that the term “Internet dating” was born. Online dating sites is basically a process which allows individuals to find and present themselves to possible forthcoming romantic connections via the Internet, commonly with the aim of creating sex-related, romantic, or perhaps personal human relationships.
Dr . Craig, who is a practicing relationship and marriage therapist, founded the National Online Dating Acquaintance (NODA). While he mentioned that it was challenging for him to get started on and maintain human relationships when people weren’t willing to work with their relationships, he sensed that it will be better to let people to try before looking to commit. The most commonly asked questions coming from couples who have been dating online include questions about the behavior of this potential companions, and whether Dr . Craig’s system of small amounts works. These are queries that are frequently asked by simply those who are even now dating online, and Dr . Craig answers these caution. He admits that that all interactions must be utilized cautiously, and caution must be used when posting intimate specifics, such as economic information or perhaps contact information.
There have been many successes of Internet daters who attained and became adoringly obsessed. However , it has already been noted that numerous people get into Internet dating expecting to have a long, committed romance, and wind up in relationships that fail in a year or two. In the past, some Internet daters have given up on locating love on the web and concentrated the efforts about other forms of dating amour factory dating website such as publication subscriptions, phone apps, and arranged relationships. Many of these failed relationships were as a result of poor communication expertise and deficiencies in respect for just one another.
Cellphone apps are becoming more popular amongst Internet daters, and some happen to be asking the question if they are often used for internet dating. In addition , there are a few straight online daters who make use of these applications to keep in contact when they are unable to meet potential partners personally. While many classic dating sites enable same-sex lovers to meet potential partners, you will discover not any apps presently allowing gay and lesbian couples to complete the task.
One way that gay lovers can fulfill potential partners is normally through Internet dating websites. There are many such websites out there, nonetheless they often encounter discrimination as they are not publicized to the same degree simply because traditional going out with websites. This often leaves some gay and lesbian couples wondering if they must use an online dating websites. Many of the sites allow homosexual members, although some only recognize a specific gender or particular orientation. A lot of enable users coming from all over the world. We recommend that anyone who wants so far somebody need to look at each of the options available.
Due to number of people with Internet access today, it is more likely that same-sex couples will find one another online in the near future. While some may well believe that it is far from possible for two men or two women to get married and start a family by using a dating webpage, the fact is that same-sex couples have been this process for years. In addition , it is now easier than ever to use phone applications to speak while on the go. It is just a relatively new technology that has currently tapped to a previously untapped market. | <urn:uuid:37d3de37-5796-4dcf-a3b0-ef4a822676de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dev.intricate.app/2021/04/11/will-be-phone-programs-different-than-online-dating-websites/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.97327 | 759 | 1.71875 | 2 |
A few short decades ago it seems as if there weren’t many types of cookware to worry about. When someone mentioned buying a saucepan, chances are they meant they bought a stainless-steel pan of a certain size and that was the end of that.
Nowadays there are more types of cookware sets than there are types of surfaces to cook on, which can lead to an understandable bout of confusion during any given trip through the housewares department of your local box store.
Table of Contents
What Cookware Set to Choose?
If you aren’t sure what cookware are best for your growing collection, worry no more. All it takes is a little knowledge about kitchen terminology to turn your barren cabinets into perfectly stocked food prep storage with every pan you could possibly need within reach.
Get to Know Your Range
Of course, the range referred to here is about your cooktop, not the extent of your natural singing voice. While there are several types of ranges available, most homes will have either an electric, gas, induction or radiant stove.
The type of cookware you use will depend heavily on your stove; For example, electric stoves are almost always flat whether they use coil or smooth-top style heating elements, which makes the use of curved-bottom cooking vessels nearly impossible without constant babysitting. This is a common trend that also shows up in induction ranges.
Gas ranges are more accommodating to differently-shaped pans, such as woks with heavily curved bottoms, thanks to how most burners are constructed. On the other hand, if the wok uses a metal ring that slips over the burner grate for support, there is a chance that ring may overheat and cause damage to the burner.
Induction ranges have special pan requirements; Electromagnets produce heat through magnetic surfaces, which means certain non-metal or non-ferrous pans will outright not heat up on an induction range. This trade-off does have advantages, however, as induction ranges are very environmentally friendly while also offering quick heating like a gas range and the ease of cleaning that comes with a smooth-top stove.
Glass top stoves have a few similarities with smooth-tops and electric stoves, though the construction of your pans becomes more important in avoiding damage to the stove. You’ll have to look into the best cookware for glass top stoves to ensure what you choose will give the best results without scratching the glass surface.
Metals vs. Glass vs. Ceramic: Who wins?
As you may have guessed, different styles of cookware have just as much importance as the type of material that goes into the construction of your favorite saucepan. If you use an induction range, for example, you won’t get a use out of a fancy copper pan no matter how nice it may be.
Aluminum and stainless steel are some of the most common types of cookware sets to find in the wild as they are often affordable, durable and provide good results with most styles of cooking and at nearly any temperature.
You can often throw them in the dishwasher and not have to worry about damaging them, but they’re often not heavy enough to conduct or store heat very well. This can lead to hot spots in your pans that lead to over-cooking or under-cooking.
Cast iron steps away from user friendliness and requires seasoning, careful use and demands to be kept away from water. At the same time, it heats up slowly and stores that heat amazingly well and there are few better ways to produce a quality pan of cornbread. Cast iron also swaps between the stove and oven without missing a beat, but its rough surface can damage more delicate cooktops.
Copper pans are like the more expensive cousins of aluminum and stainless steel. They conduct heat extremely well, heat up quickly without the need for much preheating and are usually oven-safe. They require more care than stainless steel pans, however, and don’t work with induction ranges unless clad in steel with the copper acting as a heat-storing core.
Finally, ceramic and glass cookware work well for oven applications. Ceramic heats more slowly and helps ward off over-browning while glass conducts heat a little too zealously at times. If you’re cooking something high in sugar content, you’ll have to be careful not to overdo the heat lest it lead to burning.
What you choose to cook in your cookware can alter the flavor of your food or even damage your vessels depending on the acidity of the ingredients and how reactive the pan’s materials are. For example, tomatoes are fairly acidic and can leech metallic flavors from reactive pans which make choices like aluminum, iron, copper and steel very poor for cooking up a traditional red sauce. Cast iron in particular can be nearly ruined by cooking a single tomato-heavy dish in them.
If you plan to cook with lemon juice, tomato or other acidic or alkaline foods, go for a non-reactive pan or pot made out of ceramics or stainless steel. Not only will they last longer, you also won’t have to worry about unintended tastes in your dishes.
As you can see, there’s a lot that goes into buying proper cookware these days and no chef can truly over-prepare with so many options at their disposal.
Fill your cabinets with pots and pans that cater to the foods you cook, keep your range type in mind and always make sure you keep your reactive pans away from acidic foods.
Amanda Wilks is a motivational writer, editor and cooking enthusiast. She firmly believes that a balanced lifestyle means focusing on good habits, such as exercising and healthy eating.
Amanda hopes that her writings will inspire others to make smart choices regarding their health and diet. Learn more about Amanda on Twitter. | <urn:uuid:d9744b49-1e0f-4522-b334-c30aed73d696> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://the-cookingpot.com/choosing-the-best-cookware/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.952695 | 1,219 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Congested, disconnected and confusing
Kings Street is a road that’s only half done. It’s a key connection to the Sydney CBD and at best it’s congested and confusing. At worst, it’s a dangerous mess of traffic unnecessarily putting lives at risk.
- King Street is a vital route for commuters from Sydney’s Inner West suburbs. It’s separated cycleway ends at York Street, leaving bike riders to fend for themselves among cars, taxis, trucks and buses and sometimes pedestrians, all fighting for road space.
- Thousands of bike riders use this route everyday and there are far too many close calls as they are forced to merge from a separate cycleway into a complicated mix of traffic.
The good news is that the timing is right to connect King Street.
With light rail works underway, building a cycleway along King Street is not only cost effective, it will save time and minimise disruptions. The designs are done too – we just need to start digging.
Encouraging more people to ride bikes is a clear, easy and cheap way to solve Sydney’s growing health and congestion costs.
More and more businesses are installing lockers, showers, bike parking and incredible end-of-trip facilities encouraging more people to ride. But if Sydney’s network of cycleways don’t connect, the full benefits won’t be felt or shared.
The solution is straightforward:
- Continue the separated King Street cycleway from York Street to Philip Street to help traffic flow and reduce the current confusion and risk among road users.
- Improve bike signalling along the existing cycleway from Sussex Street.
The timing is perfect: with light rail construction underway, connecting King Street is an easy win for the government that will make a big difference for the people of Sydney.
Here’s three easy ways you can help connect King Street today:
Sign the petition
We’ve been told the government isn’t interested just yet. Let’s show them that the time is right.Sign petition
Become a member
Together our voices are stronger. Join us a member and help us campaign for King Street.Join us
Share on social
Share the campaign and call for urgent action from decision makers. | <urn:uuid:e9cd10e8-0602-4e57-bc04-8e0804131158> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bicyclenetwork.com.au/our-campaigns/king-street/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.922145 | 479 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Outgoing President Yahya Jammeh met religious leaders yesterday December 15 and urged them to go and talk to Gambians about peace and forgiveness because he wants peace and forgiveness. Seriously?
Well today is the 12th anniversary since the assassination of Deyda Hydara, a top Gambia veteran journalist who together with Pap Saine founded the Point Newspaper on 16th December 1991 coinciding with his wife’s birthday. Since 1994, Deyda played a fundamental role in ensuring that freedom of expression is upheld as guaranteed in our constitution. He fought for democracy and exposed the corruption in the AFPRC cum APRC regime.
He played his role effectively and efficiently as required by the constitution under Section 207 that the role of the media is to hold the government to account on behalf of the people. In his columns, ‘The Bite’ as well as ‘Good Morning Mr. President’ he was clear and direct in pointing out the shortcomings of the government and offering suggestions directly to the president. He spoke on each and every national issue to ensure that the respect for human rights and the rule of law are protected. He was a champion of free press and democracy.
Here is what he said was his role. Young journalists, please take note.
“Journalism is a profession with its rules and one cannot be a journalist and flout its basic principles. What’s more, the fundamental law of this land guarantees that we make sure that government is accountable to the people for things it does in their name. Here again we didn’t draft the Constitution, which got inspiration from the covenants and other international laid down rules about freedom of expression. Meaning that even if the Constitution failed to empower us to do so we could rely on these instruments that The Gambia as a nation ratified.”
On 16th December 2004, while driving some of his members of staff home after having a birthday party for The Point newspaper in their office, a group of killers assaulted them behind the PIU headquarters. He was shot dead instantly while some of his staff sustained injuries. Following intense local and international pressure, the government reluctantly launched an investigation and on 29th April 2005 the NIA produced its so-called confidential report on the murder of Deyda Hydara.
This is one of the most insulting, most falsified, most unprofessional and most criminal report ever produced by an intelligence agency in the history of investigations. In this report, the NIA Director General who was Daba Marenah at the time shamelessly wasted public resources by blaming Deyda for his own death. They claimed that Deyda had offended several people, groups and institutions in his columns. They went to the ludicrous height of maligning Deyda’s reputation by saying that he was even dating a woman which led to her divorce and the lady’s children and former husband were furious with him.
Without shame, the NIA said Deyda was rude, promiscuous, erratic and irresponsible. All in all, the NIA said the individuals, groups and institutions offended included Yaya Jammeh, Kofi Annan, Baba Jobe, Alphonse Benoist, Wally Muhammed Hakim, a Nigerian businessman, Green Boys, GAMCO, Capt. Bunja Darboe. They claim anyone of these people could have wanted to kill Deyda because of jealousy, settling old scores, vengeance, and some other ridiculous accusations.
Yet since 2005, the NIA did not arrest any person except Mr. Hakim for a brief period. No one has since been charged and the murderers of Deyda continue to live in peace inside the Gambia. But as a supposed professional intelligence agency, the NIA did not speak about the bullet that was removed from Deyda’s body. They did not say what kind of bullet and registration it has. They did not say what type of guns use that type of bullet and if that gun was registered and who is the owner of that gun. Every gun in this country is registered hence any bullet found should be able to lead the intelligence to the owner of the gun.
Therefore if Yahya Jammeh is indeed interested in peace genuinely as he spoke to the religious leaders let him re-open the Deyda Hydara murder investigation right now. In fact he does not need to re-open it because he knows who are the killers and who gave the orders. Let him arrest them and take them to court. Let him go to the family of Deyda Hydara and tell them the truth and seek their forgiveness. Let him go to the national television and tell Gambians how and why Deyda Hydara was killed because he has every information about the murder. This will show that indeed he means well for his people.
It was Shakespeare who said the evil that men do lives after them. But Shakespeare should have said rather the evil that men do lives with them right now.
Gambians, you gave your power to Yaya Jammeh and he became arrogant by attempting to place himself in the same position as God The Almighty. Only the ignorant, immoral and uninformed human being will become so arrogant like that. Yaya Jammeh has no power. Everything he has and everything he was able to do was not because he was powerful. It was because Gambians, you and me gave our power to him. We did the good and bad job for him. Instead of him becoming humbled by that and use that power to do good and serve the owners that power, instead he thought he was more powerful than even Allah Subhana wa t’Allah. When a human being reaches that level of vanity, Allah will show you that you are nothing other than a piece of dust.
Yaya Jammeh, Allah has just started to show you what and who is the true Source and Embodiment and Owner and Giver of power. Get ready.
By Madi Jobarteh | <urn:uuid:948d4030-b2ff-4b4d-a491-cfe561755a40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fatunetwork.net/deyda-hydara-12-years-on-tell-us-the-truth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.983313 | 1,227 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Flawed bailouts, political missteps brought Greece to brink
FRANKFURT, Germany (AP) — After two bailouts totaling 240 billion euros ($266 billion) and six years of depression, spending cuts and lost jobs, Greece teeters on the edge of collapse.
How did it come to this? Why couldn't all that money and all that sacrifice turn around a country that makes up less than two percent of the 19-country eurozone economy?
On Sunday the country will hold a referendum on whether or not to accept the tough creditor conditions attached to loans needed to avoid default and a banking collapse.
A "no" may lead to a chaotic departure from the shared euro currency. Even "yes" is no guarantee the creditors will agree to lend.
Ahead of the vote, here are seven short explanations of how Greece got into today's mess:
THE CREDIT BINGE
There is no way around it: Greece engaged in a three-decades-long credit binge starting in the early 1980s, spending the money on plush government jobs for supporters of the country's two major political parties — the center-left PASOK and center-right New Democracy. Taking turns in office, they paid their followers well — driving up private sector wages and making Greece a costly place to do business. They also looked the other way on widespread tax evasion. Independent professionals — including doctors and lawyers — often reported less income than factory workers.
THE EURO ARRIVES
Despite its rickety finances, Greece shaped up a little for a few years and qualified to join the single currency in 2001. It was a time of euphoria and confidence in the euro, seen as a rival to the dollar as a global currency. New members were desired to boost the EU's biggest hope for European integration. Greece was waved in, and promptly went back to its old ways.
LET THE GOOD TIMES ROLL
The arrival of the euro only fueled the debt binge. German and French banks found they could now buy Greek government bonds in euros, not drachmas that might devalue. Greece borrowed at what in retrospect were ridiculously low interest rates, just a bit more than those charged to rock-solid Germany.
They were in the euro, the thinking went, what could go wrong?
In October 2009, after the global financial crisis had made investors more wary of risk, Greece revealed its deficit was far higher than advertised, and its finances were out of control. Its borrowing costs shot up. It couldn't pay.
When the party ended, Greece got a 110 billion euro bailout in 2010 from the other eurozone countries and the International Monetary Fund. The creditors attached tough conditions to cut spending and deficits, and to tackle the rampant bureaucracy and corruption. Yet the cuts quickly undermined growth, which fell below the optimistic estimates of the creditors who miscalculated how much they would weigh on the economy.
There was a contradiction that couldn't be resolved: cuts in public spending were needed to reduce Greece's cost base because it couldn't devalue. Yet the lower public spending pushed down GDP and simply made the debt burden bigger compared to the size of the economy.
Unemployment soared. Misery multiplied.
HANDCUFFED BY THE EURO
With its own currency, Greece could have defaulted on its debts and devalued, quickly erasing its international cost problem, and moved on within a few years. Cutting wages and prices is tougher, and takes longer. In that sense, the euro has prolonged the agony.
TAXPAYERS ON THE HOOK
By 2012, it was clear the first bailout wasn't doing the trick. A second rescue included sticking Greece's private creditors with losses on their bonds, along with yet more loans. Yet creditors continued to underestimate how much damage austerity would do to growth. The debt level, measured as a fraction of the economy, continued to increase. Even at the time of the deal, most economists and policy makers expected that further debt reduction or easier terms were inevitable.
But the reshuffle of Greece's debt meant that instead of owing bond investors, Greece's creditors were now European taxpayers, the IMF and the ECB. With taxpayers on the hook, resistance to further debt relief stiffened in place like Germany, the Netherlands, Austria and Finland.
Still, for a while it looked like the second bailout might do the trick. The Greek government under Prime Minister Antonis Samaras narrowed deficits. Some reforms were implemented, while others were passed but didn't really take effect. The economy bottomed out, after an agonizing fall of around 25 percent, and appeared ready to start growing. Greece did get some easier terms on interest and time to pay.
CLOSE, BUT NO CIGAR
In September 2014, Greece had only weeks left before it successfully completed the second bailout and transitioned to milder forms of assistance. Approaching the finish line, Samaras stumbled.
He announced that Greece would expel its hated creditor monitors and return to bond markets without outside help or advice. The idea fell flat. Interest yields rose sharply on its remaining debt. Instead of getting the last of the bailout money, in December the floundering Samaras had to call an early election held in January.
Voters, who were fed up with years of agony, chose Syriza, a hard-left party that won support with its demands for debt reduction and no more austerity. Creditors balked.
Uncertainty quickly tanked the fledgling recovery. The bailout was first extended and then allowed to expire Tuesday as Syriza and creditors talked past one another.
The last bailout money, some 7.2 billion euros, had slipped out of Greece's grasp. And with it, perhaps, its chance of remaining in the eurozone. | <urn:uuid:146fa5da-9108-47ab-a8a4-9b8ebd2301d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.columbusceo.com/story/business/2015/07/04/flawed-bailouts-political-missteps-brought/22929557007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.971334 | 1,196 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Meet the AACTE Diversified Teacher Workforce TAG (and Apply for Its Teacher Diversity Award by Nov. 9)
Topical action groups (TAGs) are groups formed within AACTE to provide a forum for individuals with common interests to network, collaborate, conduct research, and develop policy with the support of AACTE, which provides operational funds, publicity, meeting space at the Annual Meeting, and support that comes from affiliation with the Association. For more information, visit http://aacte.org/professional-development-and-events/tags.
In 2014, a group of teacher educators focused on teacher diversity convened to form the AACTE Diversified Teacher Workforce (DTW) TAG, which, although relatively new, has already begun a number of ambitious initiatives. DTW had its first formal meetings at the 2015 AACTE Annual Meeting and developed a mission statement.
The Diversified Teacher Workforce TAG will articulate why teacher diversification is important; encourage campuses to diversify their teaching candidate pools and provide them with strategies to do so; identify ways to encourage candidates from underrepresented backgrounds to enter the teaching workforce; explore how the community can provide ongoing support for these teachers once they enter the workforce; and provide a forum for sharing ideas and offering support for faculty and administrators engaged in teacher diversification across the nation.
The two of us convened these initial meetings and, working with other members, developed three goals to guide the work of DTW until the 2016 AACTE Annual Meeting:
- Establish a forum to discuss practices that are being used to recruit, select, and retain candidates from underrepresented backgrounds.
- Establish a visible presence at the AACTE Annual Meeting to make the topic of diversity in education more prominent.
- Network with other professional organizations that have a diversity focus within education to identify effective strategies to recruit, support, and retain diverse teaching candidates and disseminate research and practices advocated by those organizations.
Ultimately, our goal is to provide an accessible space where people interested in diversifying the candidate pool of beginning teachers can find research, wisdom, and policies to inform their work, and can connect and collaborate with individuals and programs doing similar work across the nation.
At the 2015 meetings, DTW also formed five committees charged with more specific roles within the three more general goals of the DTW. These five committees have been meeting regularly since the Annual Meeting to create research agendas, develop reasonable goals, and begin advocacy for the goals and mission of the DTW within their institutions and in AACTE. The committees and committee chairs are as follows:
- Building and Supporting Membership: Margarita Bianco ([email protected])
- Mentorship in the Academy for DTW Work: Reyes Quezada ([email protected])
- Professional Development: Gwendolyn Schultz ([email protected])
- Advocacy: Conra Gist ([email protected])
- Research on DTW themes nationally and locally:
- Regarding Accreditation: Ed Sullivan ([email protected])
- Regarding Recruitment and Retention Resources: Nicole Wilson ([email protected])
- Engaging in Scholarship/Research Projects: Marvin Lynn ([email protected])
At the 2016 AACTE Annual Meeting, DTW has a number of events that will increase the visibility of the work of diversifying the teaching workforce in the organization. There will be a business meeting at the beginning of the conference and a reception at the end of the conference more focused on organizing individuals and groups to continue the work that has been started. At the reception, the first recipient of the Annual DTW Teacher Diversity Research Award will be given a chance to share his or her wisdom and experience that led the group to award a $900 honorarium (the monies will facilitate attendance at the Annual Meeting for the awardee). Nominations for the DTW Teacher Diversity Award are due November 9; see award description here.
In addition to the two TAG events, DTW has a research panel, "Developing a Diversified Teaching Workforce in Teacher Education: Organizing and Realizing a Commitment to Teacher Diversity in Praxis," that will include perspectives from four of the five committees to facilitate further conversation about diversifying the teaching workforce.
If you are interested in getting involved in the work of the DTW and collaborating with like-minded individuals to push for the visibility of diversifying the teaching workforce, e-mail Conra Gist ([email protected]) or contact one of the committee chairs directly to get involved. | <urn:uuid:53b84bb9-6a66-4657-aab4-0b90d446a065> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://edprepmatters.net/2015/10/meet-the-aacte-diversified-teacher-workforce-tag-and-apply-for-its-teacher-diversity-award-by-nov-9/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.932342 | 964 | 2 | 2 |
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Terrific guidelines in connection with the subjects in this posting, you will like: | <urn:uuid:02c234e1-5fc9-4cdc-8a6e-04cdef949d23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://enterpre.club/using-the-newsfeed-to-maintain-your-online-audience-active/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.959633 | 1,077 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Whether it’s intended or not, our role as evaluator can trigger a power dynamic between us and other stakeholders. At its worst, this dynamic can cause feelings of frustration, resentment, and helplessness for those involved. We’re Yael Gil’Adi and Elizabeth DiLuzio, and we’ve been there. Today, we’ve teamed up to share a tool we find helpful for understanding and shifting this dynamic.
The Karpman Triangle, more commonly known as the Drama Triangle, is a social model that offers a map to relationships experiencing conflict. There are three distinct roles in the Karpman Triangle: the Victim (person feeling helpless and oppressed), the Persecutor (person feeling entitled or angry), and the Rescuer (person feeling like the hero for stepping in, or feeling resentful and unappreciated). Let’s turn things over to Yael to show us an example of how the Drama Triangle recently played out in her work.
Yael: As an internal evaluator, I tend to move between victim and rescuer when tension arise for program staff due to funder deadlines, operational demands, and data entry constraints. My go-to way of helping is leaping in to solve the problem, often taking over someone else’s responsibilities. Even though I do this with good intentions (I’m just trying to help!), we all end up paying the price with me exhausted and them frustrated.
A perfect example is when quarterly funder reporting approaches. Before I begin my analysis, I meet with program to close gaps in missing data. This often prompts program staff to share their data entry challenges as the reason for the backlog. Feeling badly, I will often slide into the rescuer role and extend their deadline, sometimes even offering to help with their data entry. Closer to the deadline, I will quickly shift into the victim role, blaming program for not giving me enough time to finish my analysis.
Not only is this pattern emotionally taxing, I know that by jumping in and taking responsibility that is not mine, I’m limiting staff’s opportunities for autonomy and growth. Learning about the Drama Triangle has been a strong first step in breaking this pattern. By understanding my triggers, I can start to reshape the habit. As I continue to work on this, I look forward to challenging assumptions, holding people accountable for their work, and sparking learning.
So, how do we move forward?
As Yael’s story beautifully demonstrates, sometimes the first step to undoing conflict is an awareness of everyone’s role in it. In addition to being a self-reflection tool, the Drama Triangle can serve as talking point to explore tense dynamics with the people involved. If it’s a particularly tricky dynamic, sometimes we need more actionable steps to take. Cue the Empowerment Dynamic (TED): the Drama Triangle flipped upside down with reimagined roles where the Victim becomes the Survivor, the Persecutor becomes the Challenger, and the Rescuer becomes the Coach.
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This post was originally published on February 1, 2020 in AEA365, a blog sponsored by the American Evaluation Association (AEA) that is dedicated to highlighting Hot Tips, Cool Tricks, Rad Resources, and Lessons Learned for evaluators.
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– – – | <urn:uuid:3ba7b94d-888f-4c68-be54-3a067a700ff2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://evallearn.com/2020/02/01/diffusing-the-drama-how-the-karpman-triangle-can-help-us-move-past-conflict-with-evaluation-stakeholders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.940637 | 698 | 1.71875 | 2 |
By faith Abel offered to God a more acceptable sacrifice than Cain’s. Through this he received approval as righteous, God himself giving approval to his gifts; he died, but through his faith he still speaks. By faith Enoch was taken so that he did not experience death; and “he was not found, because God had taken him.” For it was attested before he was taken away that “he had pleased God.” And without faith it is impossible to please God, for whoever would approach him must b
Scripture: "Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen. Indeed, by faith our ancestors received approval. By faith we understand that the worlds were prepared by the word of God, so that what is seen was made from things that are not visible."
– Hebrews 11:1-3 Prayer: Creator God, you who spoke the galaxies that hang in the night sky, Instill in us the capacity to hope and to live into our hopes— to remain open to assurance in the midst | <urn:uuid:f4205d46-dde4-40f7-b93c-e87846c4c7ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.johnclaybangs.com/home/archive/2018/11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.992274 | 219 | 1.742188 | 2 |
“Dear Pope Francis” will be published on March 1, 2016 by Loyola Press. The young pen pals’ letters ask Pope Francis “tough questions” relating to a wide range of subjects around faith, such as angels, saints, prayer and miracles but also subjects as “mundane” as why parents argue or why there are conflicts and hunger in the world. Pope Francis’ personal responses to these questions revolve around themes such as responsibility, charity and mercy. Teachers might find this book a useful classroom resource. It could be a great conversation starter with young students.
“If you could ask Pope Francis one question, what would it be?
Children have questions and struggles just like adults, but rarely are they given the chance to voice their concerns and ask the big questions resting deep in their hearts. In Dear Pope Francis, Pope Francis gives them that chance and celebrates their spiritual depth by directly answering questions from children around the world. Some are fun. Some are serious. And some will quietly break your heart. But all of them are from children who deserve to know and feel God’s unconditional love” (Loyola Press).
To have a look inside this beautifully illustrated book, with children’s drawings, and/or to pre-order a copy of the book please click here.
Watch the book trailer: | <urn:uuid:1c37de7b-d1b2-4ca4-9af9-aec279676151> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.educatemagis.org/blogs/dear-pope-francis-a-book-co-authored-by-pope-francis-and-children-wordwide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958702 | 282 | 2.34375 | 2 |
They saw this coming, and still, abortion rights activists are stunned that the protections Roe v. Wade provided women were taken away.
“All I can feel is anger, anger that our rights have been ripped away once again," said one demonstrator Friday in downtown Miami, hours after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade.
“Like many women in Florida, I’m sick to my stomach because our right to choose is in the hands of Florida, which has attacked our right to freedom already. We can only fear for the worst,” said Emma Collum, founder of Engaged Communities.
ROE V. WADE OVERTURNED
Florida’s new abortion law takes effect July 1 with abortions mainly banned after 15 weeks of pregnancy, without exceptions for rape or incest.
Within hours of the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, abortion advocates and activists hosted rallies in South Florida, speaking out about how they say this will hurt women and families.
“Make no mistake this decision, which in one way or another will affect us all, is deeply intertwined with the patriarchy and racism,” said Laurie Scop, a sexual violence survivor.
One of the biggest concerns is how this decision could disproportionately affect minority communities.
“They will find an unsafe way to do it. Which is the point, abortions should be safe, people shouldn’t have to go do it in a way that is unsafe and these laws will create harm for people who want to do something with their body that is really their choice and none of our business,” said Nicky Dawkins, the President of Period Miami.
Those protesting in downtown Miami Friday say they’re saddened but focused on what’s next. They’re committed to educating women and connecting them to the healthcare services they still need.
“What we are going to start seeing is people need support and help to go to more abortion secure states like Maryland, I think a lot of our work will be getting our communities, especially our disadvantaged communities to those states safely and back home safely,” said Tifanny Burks, an abortion advocate. | <urn:uuid:9c1a215f-20c2-4527-bcc5-0435e3d1fe93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/abortion-rights-advocates-take-to-south-florida-streets-to-protest-overturning-roe-v-wade/2791861/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.963396 | 453 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Labrador Gold has a 100,000m drill campaign underway targeting high-grade epizonal gold mineralization along a 12km stretch of the Appleton Fault Zone. Near surface high grade-gold intersections include 276g/t Au over 0.5m, 44.08 g/t Au over 4.28m and 128.51 g/t Au over 1.12m. Exploration of other targets along the Appleton Fault resulted in the discovery of visible gold in quartz vein at Golden Glove. Initial samples assayed 338g/t, 194g/t and 88g/t Au. Exploration along the Appleton Fault continues to generate new targets. LabGold is well funded for its aggressive exploration of the Kingsway Property with approximately $28 million in working capital. | <urn:uuid:73aa2734-5f67-4dc7-a339-006f80926272> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://labradorgold.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.87632 | 158 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) on Health and Wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Case Study of Kenya
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Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) remain endemic to many regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) left behind by socioeconomic progress. As such, these diseases are a proxy for extreme poverty and inequitable access in the political, economic, social, and cultural systems which hinder the attainment of health and wellbeing. NTDs affect marginalized populations who are unable to lobby for their rights and thus have no ‘political voice’ to influence NTD control interventions. As countries embrace and work towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the needs of such vulnerable populations need to be addressed in the local and global arenas. Health is a universal right and is central to happiness, economic progress, and wellbeing. As such, it is important to measure the wellbeing of populations living in some of the poorest and most uneven settings and in so doing identify potential indicators for use in a Global Index of Wellbeing (GLOWING) that will capture the inequities represented by NTDs. The research uses primary qualitative data collected from five NTD endemic counties of Kenya. The study interviews key informants (n=21) and focus groups (n=5) consisting of 7-8 people, involved in studying NTDs or infected / affected by NTDs, respectively. Informed by the capability and the political ecology of health theories, the following objectives were addressed: 1) to identify the political, economic, social, and cultural impacts of NTDs on health and wellbeing; 2) to investigate the capacity of local communities to address the burden of NTDs; 3) to identify potential indicators for use in a Global Index of Wellbeing (GLOWING), that will capture the inequities represented by NTDs. The main findings of this research indicate that first, broad structural factors such as devolution of government services, competing interests, political climate; economic opportunity and productivity; marginalization, illiteracy, gender, cultural norms and practices; psychological and behavioral practices; environmental activities, water, sanitation and housing status determine NTD transmission and subsequently the health and wellbeing of populations. Second, even though there are numerous ongoing control strategies for NTDs in the country guided by the World Health Organization (WHO), early physical examinations, proper diagnosis, universal health care, counseling services, and support groups for persons suffering debilitating NTDs are severely lacking. Third, the research reveals that persons living in NTD endemic areas are poverty-stricken, dependent, and reside in areas that have poor health infrastructure. As a result, their wellbeing or ability to live a good life is dependent on access to basic needs, and good spiritual and psychosocial health. This thesis makes important contributions to knowledge, policy, and practice. Theoretically, the research extends social theory (structure and agency) in the largely biomedical field of NTDs to demonstrate that inequities are embedded within the broad political, socio-cultural, and economic systems which enhance NTD infection. Through the capability approach, the research acknowledges the role of human agency in providing context specific solutions to NTDs. Methodologically, the research contributes to the conceptualization and measurement of wellbeing in populations affected by NTDs in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Moreover, the research uses qualitative rather than quantitative methods (prevalence levels) to highlight the lived in experiences of persons infected and affected by NTDs. In terms of policy and practice, first, the research recognizes the challenges that exist within the broader political, socio-cultural and economic systems and suggests an equity lens in the distribution of basic resources such as water, sanitation and housing. Second, the research proposes poverty alleviation as a means of tackling NTDs for sustained economic opportunity and productivity at the local and national level. Third, the research finds that NTD stakeholders need to engage the communities in/affected by NTDs in order to tackle issues of marginalization and discrimination as well as initiate community-driven interventions for NTD control for enhanced health and wellbeing.
Cite this version of the work
Elizabeth Ochola (2019). The Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) on Health and Wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Case Study of Kenya. UWSpace. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15358 | <urn:uuid:5f707c22-f2b0-4196-a062-6a7e3ee267e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/15358 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.923171 | 926 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Texts: The Gospel of Thomas 28 (“blind in their hearts”); 1 Thessalonians 5:1-11 (“children of light”)
On January 5, I called my Sunday reflection “Vision 2020.” On the first Sunday of the year, I discussed our hopes and fears for 2020, and also of my admiration for Pete Buttigieg, who at age 37 was the youngest of the people running to be U.S. President. In particular, I drew inspiration from a Christmas Day tweet of Buttigieg’s.
When Buttigieg dropped out of the race two months later to endorse the eventual winner, Joe Biden, I was sad. But I had been cheered by Buttigieg’s victory in Iowa, which on February 3 was the first of the states to vote. On that day, Buttigieg became the first openly gay person to win a U.S. state presidential nominating contest. Unfortunately, the result wasn’t made official for three days due to a glitch in Iowa’s voting process, which cost his campaign momentum.
I learned a lot from Buttigieg’s campaign, including from the way he weaved religious faith and sacred values into his work.
Now that the result of the U.S. Presidential election is known, I find myself looking forward in hope to 2021. Despite the acceleration of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, the United States, and Europe, I am optimistic that new leaders can learn from the painful revelations of 2020 to bring the pandemic under control and to tackle other social issues.
I have no doubt Pete Buttigieg will play a role in the new American administration. Last month, he published a short book called “Trust,” which I read with pleasure — although I was disappointed that he didn’t draw many connections between trust and religious faith, which has been a key insight for me over the years.
I appreciate how Buttigieg highlights the personal and social costs of the erosion of trust and his prescription for how it could be rebuilt – through transparency, responsibility, vulnerability, truth-telling, predictability, and reciprocity.
Mistrust paralyzes us, which is one of the reasons why we join faith communities. In times of turmoil and fear, we may struggle to trust ourselves, the world, and the source of Love we call God. Hope and love are our guiding stars, but they rely on the first of St. Paul’s theological virtues, which is faith.
There are still seven weeks left in 2020, but I know I am not alone in looking forward to a different and better year in 2021. For one, this year’s pandemic has tested every government in the world. I am cheered by the success many of them have had in eliminating COVID-19, including Canada’s four Atlantic provinces and dozens of countries in East Asia, the South Pacific, and sub-Saharan Africa. I also feel frustrated to live in one of the six provinces in Canada where COVID-19 is gaining speed; and I am angry that eight months into the pandemic, long-term care facilities like South Terrace here in Edmonton are suffering through shocking levels of sickness, deprivation, and death without enough support from government.
Vision will be key to our ability to lead our communities beyond the pandemic and to tackle other social issues like racism, poverty, and homelessness.
I see three main ways we could adjust our vision as we look to 2021. We could turn a blind eye to social problems and indulge in narrow distractions and addictions. Or, we could put on rose-colored glasses and assume that our leaders will figure things out without us. Or, we could try to maintain humility in the face of the daunting challenges facing our neighbourhood, country, and world while also imagining a more just society for which we could strive in community.
You won’t be surprised that I recommend the latter. Humility is key given the breadth and depth of social problems like racism and poverty. But imagining the type of neighbourhood, country, and world we want despite our humble status can help us to joyfully engage in the struggle for justice with others.
In the two passages we heard this morning, Jesus and Paul both use the metaphor of intoxication as a barrier to clear vision. Instead of feeling the grief and joy associated with the human condition, and instead of coming to grips with our connection to the rest of humanity, with all the perils and promise implied by this, sometimes we drown our ability to see with alcohol, drugs, and other addictive substances and practices.
I often feel the pull of addiction, whether in watching too much Netflix or eating too many cookies. While I love life in all its awesome mystery, living it to the full involves the grief of loss, which can feel so painful, and the wild hope associated with joy, which can feel so scary. Better, I sometimes decide, to have another drink or scroll through another hour of social media.
Rosy-eyed optimism is another way of staying blind. In childhood, we assume that our parents, teachers, and governments have our best interests at heart. But as we mature, we learn more about the twistedness of social arrangements, which can challenge our childish naivete.
Following the Way of Jesus is not about relying on authority figures. It is about living into our reality as children of light and bearers of an inner Christ; and while deeply rewarding, this stance is more challenging than naïve trust in authority. Sometimes, staying awake to our inner authority might seem like too much work.
Next week, I will finish this series on leadership with a reflection on Reign of Christ Sunday. I will remind us then that the sovereignty and divinity we associate with Jesus reside within each of us. The spiritual reality of the Risen Christ is the greatest blessing we will ever experience even as it comes with the paradox of the humility of the Way of the Cross resting alongside great responsibility.
The symbol of the Risen Christ reveals that the leadership for which we yearn lies within us if we can but accept the Grace to grasp it. This is the leadership we need in years of pain like 2020 and in ones of hope and promise like 2021.
In 2021, as we search for ways to move beyond COVID-19 and other social ills, my intuition is that it will be a year filled with creativity, courage, the joy of struggle, and of a transition to a new generation of leadership.
When we feel fear in the face life’s big challenges; or when we feel tempted by the pull of addiction, let us soberly remind each other of the Grace of God, which can reveal in joy that we are the change the world needs.
May it be so. Amen | <urn:uuid:810d7c86-07e0-4223-aa32-f580baa9a5c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.millwoodsunited.org/vision-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958189 | 1,400 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Local authorities in Wales need to do more to tackle the ‘underlying causes’ of homelessness, auditor says.
In order to deal with the growing homelessness crisis, the Welsh government introduced the Housing Act (2014) which requires local authorities and their partners to focus specifically on prevention. It also provided more funding for implementation.
A new report from the Auditor General for Wales looking at the implementation of these new duties has concluded that councils are making progress - but still need to do more to deal with what makes people homeless in the first place.
The report found the changes needed to reduce much of the demand for services and prevent homelessness are ‘not always happening’.
Authorities need to equip their staff with new skills and different ways of working, it said, but this was only happening effectively in some councils.
The Auditor also found that despite the additional funding, some authorities have not reviewed their services to prevent homelessness. This means people in Wales get very different help, depending on where they live.
More needs to be done to reduce the overall demand for services by tailoring services to deal with people much earlier especially in education, social care and other services, the report concludes.
Auditor General, Huw Vaughan-Thomas said today: ‘My report today highlights that despite the positive intentions of the Welsh government to prevent homelessness, local authorities continue to focus on managing people in crisis rather than stopping them getting into crisis in the first place.
‘To truly prevent homelessness public bodies need to take a long-term view and work with other organisations to really tackle the issues that cause homelessness.
‘This requires a focus on, for example, better educational attainment, access to employment, well planned transition when leaving care and access to welfare benefits.’ | <urn:uuid:214218c7-4614-4273-835e-fb98ac23ae8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.localgov.co.uk/Welsh-councils-must-tackle-causes-of-homelessness-watchdog-says/44486 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.967897 | 360 | 1.65625 | 2 |
SOLD John Coleman, CAA - Changing Woman
- Medium: Bronze
- Edition: 50
- Size: 20'' x 10.5'' x 7''
According to the Navajo myth, Changing Woman was the daughter of First Man and First Woman, who created a puberty ceremony for her which involved running four times toward the rising sun. Changing Woman later married the Sun, and gave birth to two boys. | <urn:uuid:4a65cf8b-6543-4a24-acdb-5134fe754da3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medicinemangallery.com/western-fine-art/southwestern-contemporary-sculptors/coleman-john/sold-john-coleman-caa-changing-woman.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942028 | 98 | 1.890625 | 2 |
- Poster presentation
- Open Access
An abstract model of the basal ganglia, reward learning and action selection
BMC Neuroscience volume 12, Article number: P189 (2011)
Learning is of major interest for various fields, from human pathologies to artificial intelligence. Animal and biology experiments have provided a great amount of data in this area, especially in classical and operant conditioning. Reinforcement learning is largely used in computational models in order to reproduce and explain these observations. This method enables to model a wide range of phenomena from the neuronal level to the behavior of a whole organism. Studying how information about reward or punishment is processed in the brain is crucial in the understanding of the action selection and decision-making in normal and pathological conditions. Basal Ganglia are a group of nuclei playing a major role in processing motor, associative and limbic information and could be specialized in resolving conflicts between these sub-systems that compete for access to limited cognitive ressources . Dopaminergic neurons activity is believed to be related to the reward prediction error and is involved in long term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) in the striatum .
We present here an abstract computational model of the Basal Ganglia using reinforcement learning and Bayesian inference. It is based on a dual pathway architecture similar to the direct / Go and indirect / NoGo pathways that have been found in biology . The units could be seen as grandmother cells, with inputs consisting of states and outputs being actions. Thus as a result of the activity in both pathways, an action will be selected based on the state and the previous outcomes of the different actions when dealing with the same state, that is if a reward has been obtained or not. One aim of our model is to be biologically plausible, weights can be updated via a triple activation Hebbian learning rule, similar to pre-synaptic activity, post-synaptic depolarisation and dopamine level . The update equation is based on the probability of co-activity of the different active units. In its current form, the model uses trace activation and a simple delay mechanism. Basically, when a reward occurs, the weight between the active units is increased in the Go projection while it is decreased in the NoGo connection.
In a one to one mapping learning scheme (only one specific action for a given state triggers a reward), the simulation shows good results in both learning and re-learning, i.e. the mapping is then shuffled.
One interesting feature is the homeostasis property of the units: the variations of the sum of the outgoing and ingoing weights and bias, of a particular unit, are very small. In constrained set up (low numbers of possible actions and states), similar to experimental design, learning in stochastic reward occurrence is handled and the results are similar to the data. The response of midbrain dopamine neurons is positively correlated with the number of unrewarded trials and our model produces a similar result with the prediction-error value. Future works will focus on reproducing conditioning phenomena and implementing spiking neurons.
Mink JW: The basal ganglia: focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programs. Progress in neurobiology. 1996, 50 (4): 381-425. 10.1016/S0301-0082(96)00042-1.
Redgrave P, Prescott T, Gurney K: The basal ganglia: a vertebrate solution to the selection problem?. Neuroscience. 1999, 89 (4): 1009-1023. 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00319-4.
Cohen MX, Frank MJ: Neurocomputational models of basal ganglia function in learning, memory and choice. Behavioural brain research. 2009, 199 (1): 141-156. 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.09.029.
Surmeier DJ, Ding J, Day M, Wang Z, Shen W: D1 and D2 dopamine-receptor modulation of striatal glutamatergic signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons. Trends in neurosciences. 2007, 30 (5): 228-235. 10.1016/j.tins.2007.03.008.
Reynolds JNJ, Wickens JR: Dopamine-dependent plasticity of corticostriatal synapses. Neural Networks. 2002, 15 (4-6): 507-521. 10.1016/S0893-6080(02)00045-X.
Nakahara H, Itoh H, Kawagoe R, Takikawa Y, Hikosaka O: Dopamine neurons can represent context-dependent prediction error. Neuron. 2004, 41 (2): 269-280. 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00869-9.
FACETS-ITN 237955, Swedish Scientific Counsel
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Cite this article
Berthet, P., Lansner, A. An abstract model of the basal ganglia, reward learning and action selection. BMC Neurosci 12, P189 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-12-S1-P189
- Basal Ganglion
- Reinforcement Learning
- Action Selection
- Hebbian Learning
- Reward Prediction | <urn:uuid:4d9ea567-d75c-480f-9705-8d0caefa0fbf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2202-12-S1-P189 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.848734 | 1,176 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The scientific community may be one step closer to stopping the spread of the herpes virus thanks to new Washington State University research.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the most common cause of oral herpes which causes painful blisters better known as cold sores.
WSU researchers recently published a study in the American Society for Microbiology’s journal mSphere that is the first to identify how one of the virus’ proteins acts as a critical signaler for the virus to succeed in infecting a cell.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 invades the body through the epithelial cells that line human organs, including the skin. Once inside, the attack sequence is launched when a protein on the virus’ surface called glycoprotein C detects a change in the cell’s acidity level. A second protein called glycoprotein B then initiates the attack on the cell. “We may have identified a novel target for intervention because, in theory, if you can prevent that initial infection, you can avoid the virus,” said Tri Komala Sari, a WSU graduate student in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and the paper’s lead author.
Komala Sari said while the virus was able to invade the cell without glycoprotein C, it was significantly delayed in recognizing the change in acidity levels and it wasn’t as effective in taking over the cell.
Understanding the function of this protein could help researchers learn how to keep the virus from invading a cell or lower its efficiency during infection.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HSV-1, the oral form of herpes, infected 47.8% of Americans ages 14 to 49 from 2015 to 2016. The World Health Organization estimates 3.7 billion people under age 50 (67%) have HSV-1 globally. There is no vaccine for the virus. To make matters worse, many people infected don’t show any symptoms.
“After that initial infection the virus hides. That’s why they say, ‘herpes is forever,’ because once you get that latent infection there is no way back from that,” said Anthony Nicola, the G. Caroline Engle Distinguished Professor of Infectious Diseases and principal investigator on the project.
Nicola said understanding how the virus infects the cell may help uncover ways to stop the virus before it goes into hiding. He noted the herpesvirus is far more complex in structure than other viruses. While the herpes virus has about a dozen proteins on its surface with various functions, HIV and influenza have just two or three proteins.
Komala Sari said there’s still a long way to go in blocking the virus, but this finding could be a target of a vaccine in the future.
“Now we need to know more about how that interaction between these two proteins occurs, when and where,” she said.
The work was funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health. | <urn:uuid:c1c87f7e-4924-40d3-a44e-95c88d899787> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.wsu.edu/news/2020/03/02/wsu-research-help-stop-herpesvirus-infection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.937978 | 627 | 3.375 | 3 |
McCarthy notes that, while the 2025 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) goals are 54.5 miles per gallon for light-duty vehicles, that translates closer to a "sticker" figure of 36 mpg. That means that automakers would collectively need to boost their fleet wide fuel economy by about 10 mpg over the next eight years.
The decision follows up the EPA's November proposal to keep the 2025 emissions targets, and, with the CAFE standards being set in 2012, is part of what the EPA calls its Midterm Evaluation (MTE) for 2017-25 light-duty emissions standards.
How reachable such standards will be remains to be seen. Despite drivetrain technology that has been boosting fuel economy either through more efficient gas-powered systems or broader use of electrification through either hybrids, plug-in hybrids, or battery-electric vehicles, US fleetwide fuel economy has remained at a three-year plateau of 25.1 mpg, according to the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute's (UMTRI). That's because, while more people are buying plug-in vehicles, Americans continue to buy lots of pickups and SUVs as well. | <urn:uuid:7a3f5a53-ce63-48de-afd4-2611027dac00> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.autoblog.com/2017/01/13/epa-stands-firm-2025-greenhouse-gas-targets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.949155 | 243 | 2.140625 | 2 |
When A School's Online Eavesdropping Can Prevent A Suicide
Ken Yeh thought his school was buying software to keep kids off of certain websites.
What he didn't know was that it could help identify a student who might be considering suicide.
Yeh is the technology director at a private K-12 school near Los Angeles. Three years ago, the school began buying Chromebook laptops for students to use in class and at home. That, Yeh says, raised concerns from parents about what they'd be used for, especially outside of school.
He turned to a startup called called GoGuardian, which helped the school create a list of off-limits sites: porn, hacking-related sites and "timewasters" like online games, TV and movie streaming. The software also has another feature: It tracks students' browsing and their searches.
And that's how Yeh was alerted that a student appeared to be in severe emotional distress.
He recalls getting an indicator at work that a student had been searching for suicide and several related terms. "I then went in to view the student's browsing history around this time period."
The more he saw, the more Yeh was convinced that this wasn't an idle or isolated query.
There were other warning signs in the web browsing of this student as well: searchers for specific methods of self-harm and "terms that strongly suggested that the student was struggling with certain issues," he says.
Yeh alerted the principals and the student was brought in to speak with a guidance counselor. That conversation, Yeh says, led to positive interventions. "It was a little unexpected. We weren't thinking about this as a usage for GoGuardian."
Yet in the nearly four years that GoGuardian has been in use at this school, this type of incident has happened four separate times, he says. And GoGuardian says that across the 2,000 districts where its software is in use, it has heard similar anecdotes dozens of times.
Rodney Griffin, the Chromebook coordinator for the Neosho School District in southwest Missouri, says it happens there an average of once a semester.
"Any time, day and night, I alert a school counselor or administrators," he says. "I've had it happen when they contacted home at like 10 p.m. and said, 'I think you need to check on your child.' "
So, these software programs are identifying students in distress, but they do so by effectively thrusting school IT directors such as Yeh into the role of eavesdroppers.
That can be problematic, says Elana Zeide, a research fellow at NYU's Information Law Institute and an expert on student privacy and data.
"This is a growing trend where schools are monitoring students more and more for safety reasons," she says. "I think student safety and saving lives is obviously important, and I don't want to discount that. But I also think there's a real possibility that this well-meaning attempt to protect students from themselves will result in overreach."
A student who types "suicide" into a search box could be researching Sylvia Plath, Socrates or terrorist movements, Zeide points out. And there could be legitimate personal or educational reasons for students to search other flagged terms, from sexual anatomy to sexually transmitted diseases or drugs, without "sending immediate alerts to the powers that be."
She points out that low-income students may be disproportionately subject to surveillance, as school-owned devices are more likely to provide their only access to the Internet. And she worries about the broader message: "Are we conditioning children to accept constant monitoring as the normal state of affairs in everyday life?"
This type of dilemma is almost certainly going to become more common, as school-owned devices and laptops proliferate. In 2015 alone, according to a report released this month, U.S. K-12 districts bought 10.5 million devices like laptops and tablets, a 17.5 percent increase over the year before.
Carolyn Stone, ethics chair of the American School Counselor Association, says that she was "taken aback" to hear that student Web searches done at home were triggering interventions by school staff. "It's so intrusive," she says.
On the one hand, she says, the issue of students thinking about suicide needs to be taken very seriously and treated differently from other types of disclosures. When guidance counselors hear anything about potential self-harm, even secondhand, she says, "We're on it. We're calling home. Privacy and confidentiality go out the window."
On the other hand, she says, she worries about school staffers without mental health training having access to what are, essentially, students' private thoughts.
"On the surface, it sounds like a very good idea to err on the side of caution when it comes to student suicide," Stone says. "But this is something that sounds like it could spin out of control. ... It's a slippery slope."
Cody Rice, the technical product manager at GoGuardian, says schools are given control over what search terms are flagged and what to do about them, and no client to date has raised privacy concerns.
"Schools and parents are the primary protectors of the students, and GoGuardian provides another tool to help them in their endeavors, but does not make decisions on which types of online activity may lead to alerts to the administration for the benefit of the student."
Yeh says parents at his school have never complained about privacy violations. He adds that they've raised complaints only when the filtering has malfunctioned, allowing students temporary access to off-limits sites.
As for being asked, with no mental health training, to serve as a de facto mental health early warning system for the school community, he seems to accept it as a new part of his job.
"It is a way for us to proactively intervene when they are looking for help. And so we feel a good sense of responsibility in trying to look out for the welfare of our students."
A version of this story was published on NPR Ed in March 2016.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:537e2736-936f-4f03-b4ec-421fe543ba07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wmky.org/2016-12-23/when-a-schools-online-eavesdropping-can-prevent-a-suicide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.978879 | 1,270 | 2.5 | 2 |
You might have come across words “real estate” prior to however are not sure what it is and what to expect when you acquire a property. Property is primarily the ownership of land, buildings, as well as natural resources, such as crops, minerals, and water. These properties are unmovable and also can not be transformed, unlike the movable residential or commercial property of personal possessions. Property is a terrific means to build wide range, whether for individual or organization functions.
The various sorts of realty include domestic, industrial, and industrial. Residential realty includes homes and shopping center, while commercial property encompasses offices, hotels, and other business buildings. In the United States, commercial real estate stands for regarding 6 percent of the complete market. It is the key income source for the country, and also is typically used for industrial objectives. Many people additionally utilize this kind of residential or commercial property to invest in their future. Yet, prior to selecting a home, you should understand the difference in between the kinds of real estate that are offered as well as their objectives.
Residential and also industrial buildings both have various objectives, and also are categorized based on their location. A big percent of real estate is domestic, and if you’re looking to purchase industrial residential or commercial property, ensure you know what you’re entering. A large part of the market is property real estate, which sector of the market has actually expanded steadily. In fact, it’s forecasted that the property market in the United States alone will reach $33.6 trillion in 2021, which is more than the mixed annual GDP of the United State and China.
There are a range of strategies for buying property. One of the most typical methods involves purchasing single-family homes for really small cost and then renovating them to cost a high cost. The crucial to house flipping is to purchase a home for a small cost and stay clear of overspending on enhancements and also restorations. As soon as the home is marketed, you ought to make a decent revenue. So, do your homework and find the most effective building to invest in.
Personal effects is anything that’s temporarily attached to real estate. In property terms, this suggests points like furniture, rugs, and also various other individual ownerships. Personal effects is usually described as “furnishings,” but it can be a component of the real estate. For example, a vehicle or boat can be a personal property, yet a home can have several sort of personal property, consisting of a fridge or a microwave oven. Personal property can be both movable as well as immovable.
Residential property is a wide category as well as includes single-family houses, condos, and co-ops. Other residential property kinds include townhouses, triple-deckers, quadplexes, in addition to high-value residences, vacation homes, as well as multi-generational houses. Industrial property can be anything from office complex and also strip centers to stockrooms and also underground parking area. You can acquire or market all of these sorts of residential or commercial properties relying on your demands and objectives.
A job in property can be meeting and compensating, however it does have its difficulties. Realty agents might work a lot longer hrs than an office worker, and also most of the tasks take place after workplace hrs. The majority of showings as well as transactions happen after work, and also they might even need weekend breaks. As a result, this career option calls for a great deal of flexibility and also hard work. However, if you have the resolution to succeed, the rewards are substantial. A property agent ought to be able to aid their customers locate their desire home.
Whether you are getting a home for yourself or for a business, place is vital to the general success of your investment. Lots of people base their decision on the house’s size, rate, and also problem, however location can not be changed. Even if your house is in an ideal condition, the neighbors can alter substantially, and also a fantastic place can make or damage a residential or commercial property. Buying a home in a great area is a wise move.
Licensed realty brokers are required to finish an accepted training course in the legislation as well as technique of property. The The Golden State Service and also Professions Code states that applicants for a realty certificate need to finish a minimum of a three-semester or quarter-unit program in the field of real estate. This course will instruct you just how to become a realty expert. In addition to training in property legislation, you will require to attend a property college.
What is real estate? Realty is a collection of land, structures, as well as natural deposits, including minerals, water, as well as crops. It is also the passion in real estate. Residential or commercial property is a form of possession, whereas real estate is an unmovable property. In this post, we’ll explore what real estate is and just how it functions. Right here are several of the typical homes in real estate. You can purchase them for a low cost.
Residential property includes single-family houses as well as townhouses. There are likewise communities, co-ops, and also triple-deckers, as well as vacation houses. Unlike domestic property, commercial property describes land that is used for businesses, such as office buildings, shopping malls, as well as resorts. Industrial real estate consists of land utilized for production and also fabricating processes. Industrial residential or commercial property includes storehouses, industrial facilities, and factory.
House gratitude is mainly influenced by the location of a home, but enhancements and restorations to the property can additionally enhance its value. Home flipping and rehabbing can be profitable organizations. On top of that, business properties can also create profits with renovation and also area changes. The latter type of property is frequently a good financial investment for financiers with little or no experience. This kind of organization requires a lot of research study and also study. Nevertheless, if you are ready to start, it might deserve your while. Additional hints
The most essential variable to think about when purchasing a residence is the location. In spite of the many pros and cons of acquiring a residence, area is frequently one of the most crucial element. Many people make decisions based upon the residence itself. While the dimension and also problem of a home can be easily transformed, a good location is forever. In addition to the influence it has on the community. If you buy a house that is not situated in a fantastic place, you’re altering the whole community, not just the residence itself. | <urn:uuid:e17bdce7-f82c-41a5-8978-28f4b8e401e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.kingayisobamusic.com/2022/08/06/all-you-need-to-learn-about-real-estate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.971514 | 1,366 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Two Florida State University researchers are developing a high-tech material currently used in athletic equipment and prosthetics into a special tool to better develop stem cells. The work could improve drug screening, disease modeling, precision medicine and cell therapy.
FAMU-FSU College of Engineering researchers Yan Li, an associate professor in chemical and biomedical engineering, and Changchun Zeng, an associate professor in industrial and manufacturing engineering, received a $400,000 grant from the National Science Foundation for this research to explore ways to better control the fate of stem cells.
Their project will examine induced pluripotent stem cells, which are stem cells developed from mature cells and changed into a state that allows them to then turn into any tissue in the body. Using a unique, high-tech material developed by Zeng called auxetic foam, they will build three-dimensional scaffolds on which the cells can grow.
Scientists already have created several techniques with varying degrees of success to develop different stem cell lineages, so the hope for this project is that the new scaffolds will be a more effective tool. For example, by creating scaffolds that mimic the same mechanical properties as the brain, researchers hope they will better influence the stem cells to become neural cells.
“When we first tried this idea, it was new, and there was not a lot of data,” Li said. “As we get more and more data exploring this, it looks more likely that it works.”
Li and Zeng are interested in how the scaffolds’ mechanical properties influence the fate of the stem cells they surround. Their goal is to understand how three-dimensional scaffolds that surround growing stem cells influence the extracellular structures and a kind of protein those cells secrete, and therefore, the types of cells they become.
For example, does changing the elasticity of the scaffold influence what happens to the accompanying cell? What if researchers change the way the scaffold deforms when biomechanical force is applied to it?
The auxetic foam scaffolds have an unusual property known as a negative Poisson’s ratio. Unlike a normal piece of foam, which gets thinner when it is stretched, auxetic foam expands in all directions when it is stretched. When the foam is compressed, it gets denser and harder instead of spreading apart.
The foam was developed as part of a two-year project funded by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to create a more comfortable prosthetic sock for amputees. It has also been used in protective athletic equipment, saddles and footwear.
But Li and Zeng thought it might have an unexpected application for scaffolding in cell cultures. Early work showed that scaffolds built with auxetic foam allowed stem cells to better differentiate into neural and vascular cells — the types of cells the researchers were interested in — compared to the scaffolds typically used for growing cell lines.
A three-dimensional scaffold has two important properties: the elastic modulus — or how hard the material is — and how the material deforms in three-dimensional space when a force is applied.
“Most people only studied the first property: the modulus,” Zeng said. “This grant allows us to conduct a comprehensive investigation on the second property. While people have long sought to understand the effect of 3D-deformation characteristics on stem cells, they were unable to because of the lack of materials systems needed for such studies, until now.” | <urn:uuid:49c6b0bb-371e-48d4-8986-396ab1bc500a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.fsu.edu/news/science-technology/2019/10/30/high-tech-foam-offers-new-tool-for-developing-stem-cells/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.9543 | 714 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Introduces the career of the construction carpenter by providing information about educational requirements, duties, workplace, salary, employment outlook, and possible future positions....
Grade Level: 4 - 6
Lexile Measure: 780L
Series: Career Exploration
Library Binding: 48 pages
Publisher: Capstone Press (January 1, 2000)
Product Dimensions: 6.2 x 0.5 x 9 inches
Amazon Rank: 10214547
Format: PDF Text djvu book
Download Link Mirror
Then this book is for you. Can she still the anger that has grown in his heart over previous betrayals and heal a man who is feared by those who serve him or will Portia meet a fate worse than death by the Lord of Sebe. Overall this book was great. CHURCH SIGNS ACROSS AMERICA earns Five Stars for its creativity and portrayal of witty words written across America by unknowns. Download ebook Construction Carpenter (Career Exploration) Pdf Epub. You'll find much to appreciate, and I promise you'll be edified if not downright horrified at the persecution (particularly aimed at women) over the centuries for colluding with Satan. Here's the thing: I kind of like the little girl, Rosa, held hostage by a bunch of greedy insurance industry bean counters. The symposium took place at Democritus University of Thrace, in Xanthi, Greece on June 12-14, 2003. With plenty of thriller type action and very detailed scenery with a strong theme of protecting the environment,history, and culture this is a great story that will please many audiences. I liked the school teacher, cousins, camp cook & dance hall madam. The pictures are spectacular. ISBN-10 0736804870 Pdf. ISBN-13 978-0736804
Jane lives with her cast of characters relatives which include witches and vampires. Johnson Choice)The idea of race, writes the author, is a cultural rather than biological reality. She was a real American in this respect. Robert Hoffman was professor of history at the State University of New York at Albany.
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War with Aphids and Mould
I lost a war against aphids and mould.Fri 29 July 2022
My hydroponic strawberries suffered from aphid and mould infestations. This took me by surprise because one of the advantages to growing plants hydroponically is that you don't get pests from growing indoors.
The aphids and mould probably came from the strawberry starters I bought from a plant store. I didn't bother rinsing the leaves when washing away the dirt. If one aphid egg or mould spore was still on the plants after transplanting into my hydroponics system, that would be enough to infect them all.
Lesson learned: Wash starters thoroughly with soap (including leaves) to prevent aphids or grow from seeds. Don't let plants grow so dense that airflow is blocked.
While maintaining the garden, I noticed small white flecks which I just assumed were somehow part of the plant. I later noticed a sticky substance on some of the leaves which I thought might have been water that got mixed with something. I was in total denial until I turned over a leaf and saw a bunch of aphids crawling around.
The white flecks turned out to be eggs the aphids were laying. The sticky substance was honeydew, a sugary liquid that aphids secrete.
I bought a bottle of Safer's insecticidal soap to use against them. I have a walk-in shower in the downstairs basement bathroom beside the grow room, so I moved all the plants into there. I then sprayed the leaves as much as I could, top and bottom. I let it drain for a while and then rinsed thoroughly with water.
Three days later I noticed the aphids were still alive. So I bought five more bottles of aphid spray and emptied them into a bucket. I then took each plant out of the system and dunked them in the bucket, covering all leaves and the net cup. I pushed the plants in and out of the bucket forcefully, to make sure all the aphids were flushed off. I then rinsed the plants in the shower thoroughly like before.
Three days later I did this all over again, just to make sure they were gone. This seemed to work but I noticed the aphids returned a couple months later. It was one of the reasons I decided to end this round of growth experiment.
A few weeks after the aphid dunking I noticed some kind of mould or powdery mildew on the strawberry crowns, right in the centre of the plants.
I assumed this was because I let the plants' leaves get too dense and they were blocking airflow to the crown. The airstone bubbles air into the water reservoir and the only place the humid air can escape is through the net cups and strawberry crown.
I rinsed all the plants off like I did with the aphids and set up an extra fan to try and increase airflow. This worked well for a couple months until I noticed it had returned and started making the plants unhealthy. This was the other reason I decided to end the experiment. | <urn:uuid:8ea06bbc-fd10-46b9-ae99-930764423f91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://t0.vc/hwar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.981378 | 633 | 2.171875 | 2 |
In banks, registering phone numbers has become very crucial. It has helped to reduce many crimes related to your bank account. If anyone tries to withdraw money from your bank without your knowledge using your card, the bank will immediately send you a message.
Thus providing mobile phones to the bank where you have an account will secure your hard-earned money from frauds. Registering your mobile number with the bank will also keep you updated about your accounts, withdrawals, and deposits.
Various Ways to Register/Change mobile number in Federal Bank
In case you need to change your mobile number in the Federal Bank, there are three simple ways to do that-
- Net Banking
- You can change, through Federal Bank ATM
- Writing a letter, the offline method.
- By Calling Customer Care
1. Through Net Banking
If you choose to change your mobile number through net banking, then-
- Go to the Federal Bank net banking page and log in.
- Select the option Customer Service and then New Service Request. Then click on the ‘Change mobile number/ Email ID option‘.
- Write your mobile number and email ID. Then click on Continue.
- Then confirm your request and enter the transaction password and proceed.
In two to three days, you will get a call from the bank. They will verify the details you have provided, and within 24-hours, your mobile number will be changed or updated.
2. Visit The Nearest Federal Bank ATM
Apart from this process, if you choose to change your mobile number through the Federal Bank ATM, all you need to do is go to a Federal Bank ATM.
- Insert the ATM Card.
- Then enter the PIN.
- Go to the More Services option and select Update Mobile Number.
- Put the correct mobile number that you want to change.
3. The Offline Mode To Change The Mobile Number
There is another way of changing the mobile number, and it is the offline mode. You have to apply to the Branch Manager.
To register or change the mobile number, write a letter to your Branch Manager. You should give a letter to the home branch. You will need to write your account number and your request to register your number in the letter.
You will also need your Aadhar Card xerox. It should be self-attested. At the home branch, submit your letter with the self-attested Aadhar Card. In such a simple way, you can register your mobile number in Federal Bank.
1. You can also download a contact details alteration form from Federal Bank. Fill it up with your details and also carry ID proofs with xerox.
2. At the bank, ask for the KYC update form and fill it correctly, write your new mobile number and sign the form.
3. With the form, attach your application and the xerox of the document. Your mobile number will be changed, and once it is done, you will get an SMS from the bank.
4. By Calling Customer Care Center
To register your mobile number with the bank, you can contact Dial at the toll-free number 1800 – 425 – 1199 Or 1800 – 420 – 1199 and submit a request. Customers from abroad can dial 080-61991199.
|Toll-Free number||18004251199 Or 18004201199|
|NRI Customer Care number||08061991199|
5. Register Mobile Number For Missed Call Balance Enquiry
To register a Mobile number for missed call based balance enquiry, you have to send an SMS in the following format to the number 9895088888
ACTBAL 14 digit account number
Using the above methods, you can easily register or update your mobile number in the Federal bank easily. I hope, you liked the information provided in this article. | <urn:uuid:f1447020-ed63-42ef-b5b5-b8beb6882986> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cifnumber.com/register-change-mobile-number-in-federal-bank/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.873095 | 809 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Online data software provides many positive aspects. In addition to being available and user-friendly, they also enable users to connect to a variety of data resources and create custom-made dashboards. This sort of software is easy to share and adapt to changing business needs, which makes it an excellent decision for agencies that cope with a lot of data. One such application is definitely Immuta, that provides an intuitive interface that makes it easy to discover data and collaborate with collaborators.
The CODAP info science application is based on many years of exploration on interactive environments. It promotes exploration, play, and puzzlement. That allows users to explore info from just about any subject area and organize that into chart, graphs, and tables. It really is free, open-source, and produced by learning scientists who have considerable experience in the field. Additionally, it is maintained grants in the National Research Foundation. Additionally, CODAP is easy to use.
Memento Database is another internet data application that offers endless storage space and easy-to-use features. Its plans are available upon PC, Google android, and Apple pc. Unlimited storage place, tables, and records can be found with its plans. In addition , users can write about unlimited workstations with other folks. The software is available for both personal and business employ and has an unlimited number of users. If you’re www.thestarsoftwareshop.com/mcafee-vs-avg-what-is-the-difference/ thinking of starting an online repository to store your entire data, it’s important to find the right software that suits your needs. | <urn:uuid:23b41923-fa99-401f-9c5d-c1ef85d797fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marketplace.yzer.co/on-line-data-application/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.929118 | 336 | 1.78125 | 2 |
With the newest release of the European Atlas of the Seas today, citizens from all around Europe now have access to stunning marine maps and interactive oceanic information in their own language, making the Atlas an even more accessible and useful educational tool. From now on, visitors can navigate the Atlas in the 24 official languages of the European Union, as well as explore a wide range of popular marine topics, such as tourism, litter, environment, energy, aquaculture, and much more!
With an enriched catalogue of more than 285 interactive map layers and the possibility to create custom maps that can be printed, shared and embedded in articles or presentations, the European Atlas of the Seas is the easy and attractive way to connect people to our blue planet.
Protecting the ocean, and using our marine resources sustainably, starts with knowledge and understanding. The European Atlas of the Seas helps to improve the ‘ocean literacy’ of us all. Thanks to its availability in all official EU languages, the Atlas will finally become an indispensable resource not only for professionals, but also for educators and students all across Europe, to better understand the importance of oceans and take the right decisions to save them
Virginijus Sinkevičius, EU Commissioner for Environment, Oceans and Fisheries
The Atlas comes with a range of new features (available from 16 September 2020), including easier ways to print maps, an improved measurement tool, the integration of short stories highlighting interesting map layers and the use of the most detailed background map available worldwide, provided by EMODnet. An interactive help function now guides visitors through these new features of the Atlas.
What kind of litter ends up on European beaches? What is the most prevalent type of waste in your country? Does it concentrate in particular areas? The European Atlas of the Seas provides all the answers in a single map!
24 reasons to learn about the ocean
Following the release of the multilingual Atlas, the campaign “24 reasons to learn about the ocean” will feature well-known public figures from around the European Union, highlighting in their own language what the ocean means to them and why you should #ExploreYourOcean!
The Atlas is definitely worth a visit! http://www.european-atlas-of-the-seas.eu/
About the European Atlas of the Seas
The European Atlas of the Seas is the official digital mapping tool of the European Commission’s DirectorateGeneral for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries dedicated to ocean literacy. It is an interactive and educational webmapping application to explore and understand Europe’s seas and coasts. The Atlas is an Open Data platform and benefits from the important contributions of many data providers. These are primarily the European Commission and its agencies (European Environment Agency, Eurostat,…), as well as EMODnet, which itself provides about 135 maps. Since September 2017, the EMODnet Secretariat managed by Seascape Belgium has taken over the management of the Atlas and released a revamped version in 2018, with a vision to amplify the visibility of this exciting and valuable resource. | <urn:uuid:ba84e7a4-5b6a-4372-b76e-62571b3dc263> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.seascapebelgium.be/news/follow-lead-eu-commissioner-sinkevičius-and-exploreyourocean-24-languages | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.914291 | 624 | 2.65625 | 3 |
1. Dads can start claiming as soon as the baby is born
For the first child, a mother cannot begin claiming vouchers until she returns from maternity leave. However, fathers can begin to claim Childcare Vouchers as soon as the child is born. This can be really useful, as it means a family can start saving up vouchers whilst the mother is on maternity leave, to use to pay for childcare when both parents are working.
2. They can be used for children up to age 15
Many people are under the impression that the vouchers are for childcare for babies or toddlers only, but this is not the case. You can use Childcare Vouchers to pay for childcare for children up to age 15, or 16 if registered disabled. So you could be saving money on the costs of childminders, breakfast and afterschool clubs for older children.
3. You don’t have to be currently paying for childcare to claim the vouchers
As long as you have a child/children under 15, have parental responsibility for that child/children, and as long as your employer offers the scheme, you can start saving your Childcare Vouchers. You can choose to save them in your account to use to pay for childcare at a later date if you wish.
4. The Childcare Voucher scheme saves the employer money too
Although there is normally a small administration charge to operate the scheme, this fee is always less than the saving that the employer makes on their employers National Insurance Contributions when their employees sacrifice their salary for Childcare Vouchers. Therefore the employer saves money too!
5. The Vouchers do not have an expiry date
Unused vouchers can be ‘banked’ in your account to use in the future.
6. Childcare Vouchers must be used for registered childcare
They can only be used to pay for childcare which is registered though the relevant local authority i.e. Ofsted in England, Care and Social Services Inspectorate in Wales, Social Care and Social Work Improvement Scotland (SCSWIS) or a Health and Social Services Trust in Northern Ireland. Therefore they cannot be used to pay for informal childcare e.g. where a friend or family member is looking after children.
7. They can be used to pay for more than one type of childcare
You can use them to make payments to multiple childcare providers. This includes any type of registered childcare, like day nurseries, childminders, breakfast and afterschool clubs. | <urn:uuid:91f2d1ee-4c70-44a2-8335-9c74ec8017b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.enjoy-the-life-baby.com/7-tips-on-childcare-vouchers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.948419 | 513 | 1.6875 | 2 |
THE Observer front page today launches our Bring George Eliot Home campaign to have the city’s most globally celebrated literary figure suitably recognised in Coventry, rather than forgotten.
It would be unforgivable if the current sorry state of affairs continues as Coventry bids to be UK City of Culture 2021.
Whether or not that bid is successful, the truly great Victorian novelist’s 200th anniversary of her birth will be marked across the world in 2019.
The author pen-named George Eliot (born Mary Ann Evans in Nuneaton) lived in Coventry for seven years from 1841 in her formative 20s, and was earlier schooled here.
Some of her earliest writings appeared in the Coventry Herald and Observer under its influential editor, the wealthy ribbon manufacturer and philanthropist Charles Bray.
It is considered her experiences in Coventry significantly shaped her later novels including the classic Middlemarch, brilliantly adapted for BBC television and worldwide audiences by Kenilworth-based scriptwriter Andrew Davies.
Some academics and literary giants argue she is the greatest novelist in the English language. Generations of students will continue to turn to her radical and enduringly relevant work, which exposed Victorian notions of morality, gender and religion.
Yet, as we reported two weeks ago, the house where she lived with her father – Bird Grove House in Foleshill – is empty and forlorn, guarded by an unsightly bolted steel security fence.
The listed building’s importance was recognised by English Heritage.
Yet, incredibly, there is not even a plaque to inform the public of the genius that resided there, while a Blue Plaque adorns the London house where she died.
Projects are afoot to develop Nuneaton and Bedworth’s George Eliot offering, including at her birthplace, Griff House.
Much of that work involves the George Eliot Fellowship, which has members as far afield as Japan.
In an ‘open letter’ to Coventry City Council, Coventry University, and the city’s culture trust, the Fellowship’s chairman John Burton has now called for Bird Grove House to become an educational and international visitors’ centre.
It is a call the Coventry Observer’s Bring George Eliot Home campaign wholeheartedly supports.
We also believe she should be marked in the city centre.
The failure to adequately recognise George Eliot’s Coventry connections at Bird Grove House is at best a missed opportunity – for the city’s cultural diversity as much as attracting international tourists.
At least the road where George Eliot lived was re-named ‘George Elliot Road’.
Yet, embarrassingly, the authorities spelt her name wrong in the street name, a mistake that was eventually rectified.
As our report by experienced Coventry journalist Steve Chilton revealed, the building has been owned by The Coventry Bangladesh Centre Ltd since its £150,000 purchase in 2003.
Its recorded directors include well-known city businessman and Labour councillor Rois Ali, who has not even registered the directorship in the council’s register of members’ interests.
In recent years, the house has been used by the Bangladesh community as an educational and cultural resource, and it is understood there was once a brass plaque that was taken inside for safekeeping.
But now a notice advertises the property is ‘To Let’, giving the centre’s phone number. Repeated calls to it and Coun Ali were not picked up.
There is potential for Bird Grove House, in association with Nuneaton and Bedworth’s George Eliot initiatives, to put Coventry on the map alongside Shakespeare’s Stratford, Mr Burton argues.
Let’s make it happen. | <urn:uuid:79d29bcc-1597-44f7-bce2-905697710b8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coventryobserver.co.uk/news/bring-george-eliot-home-observer-campaign-launched-to-have-her-coventry-links-recognised-amid-uk-city-of-culture-bid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.964721 | 774 | 1.90625 | 2 |
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hi friends i recently finished testing course in hyderabad.now am looking for a job in uk.i need help about the projects in interview point.can any one explain me abt banking project or credit card.like what are the problems faced in u r last project etc.
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What is Enum in Java? | <urn:uuid:4d0c5edc-74cd-4568-9700-816a0d573922> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.allinterview.com/company/1469/mmts/interview-questions/427/dot-net-framework.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.920961 | 466 | 2.125 | 2 |
The Tennessee State Museum has received prestigious recognition from two major national museum organizations. The Museum has been re-accredited by the American Alliance of Museums (AAM), the highest national recognition signifying excellence afforded the nation’s museums. In addition, the Museum is a recipient of an Award of Excellence from The American Association for State and Local History (AASLH) for its 2019-20 exhibition, Let’s Eat! Origins and Evolutions of Tennessee Food. The AASLH Leadership in History Awards, now in its 75th year, is the most prestigious recognition for achievement in the preservation and interpretation of state and local history.
“Recognition like this on the national level is an achievement that the Museum and the people of Tennessee can be extremely proud of,” said Ashley Howell, executive director of the Tennessee State Museum. “It indicates that we are operating at the highest level in our service to our community and visitors, and in the presentation of our exhibitions and programs. The museum continues to serve through digital programming during our current closure.”
Originally accredited in 2003, the Tennessee State Museum’s re-accreditation comes more than a year-and-a-half after the Museum opened in its new location at Rosa L. Parks Blvd and Jefferson St, at Bicentennial Capitol Mall State Park in Nashville. From October, 2018 through February, 2020, some 275,439 visitors came to the Museum and Military Branch of the Museum, including 56,257 students and adults through field trips and group tours. In addition to its permanent exhibitions, the Museum opened and closed four temporary exhibitions in that time, including Let’s Eat! Origins and Evolutions of Tennessee Food. It is readying its latest, Ratified! Tennessee Women and the Right to Vote, for when the Museum reopens to the public. Complementing its exhibitions, it has hosted dozens of events, lectures, panel discussions and film screenings. Through its statewide education outreach, the Museum offers schools and cultural organizations throughout the state access to its Traveling Trunks program and traveling exhibitions. In its first year in its new location, 55,307 students were served through the Traveling Trunks program.
AAM Accreditation brings national recognition to a museum for its commitment to excellence, accountability, high professional standards and continued institutional improvement. Developed and sustained by museum professionals for over 45 years, the Alliance’s museum accreditation program is the field’s primary vehicle for quality assurance, self-regulation and public accountability. Of the nation’s estimated 33,000 museums, over 1070 are currently accredited. The Tennessee State Museum is one of only 17 museums accredited in Tennessee. Let’s Eat! Origins and Evolutions of Tennessee Food ran from August 9, 2019 – February 2, 2020. Curated by the Museum’s Rob DeHart, who recently received a Merit Award from the Tennessee Historical Commission for his work on the exhibition, it explored the rich and diverse history of Tennessee’s food. In 4,000 square feet, the exhibition traced the state’s food traditions from its Southeastern Indian origins to the influence of West African and West European cultural groups to the contribution of more recent immigrants and contemporary food festival celebrations. Stories were told though artifacts from the Museum’s collection, digital storytelling, graphics, location photography and generous programming.
This year, AASLH conferred fifty-seven national awards honoring people, projects, exhibits, and publications. The winners represent the best in the field and provide leadership for the future of state and local history. Initiated in 1945, The AASLH Leadership in History Awards not only honor significant achievement in the field of state and local history, but also bring public recognition of the opportunities for small and large organizations, institutions, and programs to make contributions in this arena. | <urn:uuid:1607ebcd-97f2-4a6d-8c8c-ff6a5d9a6a4b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nashvillenewshub.com/tennessee-state-museum-receives-prestigious-national-recognition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958426 | 789 | 1.851563 | 2 |
The world gets excited when the enormous Rio Carnival seems near. Now, when less than a month is remaining to welcome worlds biggest carnival and festival, let us see what cryptos have to do with it.
A renowned traditional samba school named Imperatriz Leopoldinense is going to perform during the 2019 ‘Carnaval do Rio de Janeiro’, where the school has chosen its theme on ‘Money.’ The school has decided to narrate the history of money in the carnival as their performance. In the festival, which will begin from 2nd March to 9th March, the school will be featuring the story from the first metal coins and paper bills to modern day cryptocurrencies. The theme is named ‘Give Me Some Money.’
The intention behind choosing such a theme for the performance is to explain the bonding between human and money. The site of the samba school already shows some glimpses of the parade performance of the immense carnival. The school was established in 1956 and has been a famous winner in the competition of such performances during the carnival. However, since 2001 the school could not get the winning title. This time, having such an influential theme of money, including Bitcoin, the school strongly hopes to win.
The samba school gave details about their performance, saying,
“Our story is about money and its relationship with humans from their invention to the present time. It is, without a doubt, one of the most important instruments in the economic life of nations and people.” It adds, “Imagine what life would be without money. How could we buy and sell, receive and pay, stock up and save for the future, if it did not exist?”
In their performance, cryptocurrencies play an important role. One of the dancers said that the performance will be concluded with the subject of Bitcoin. They will end the parade representing cryptocurrencies as a future. The performance will show cryptos as a digital solution which operates as a medium of exchange.
However, some individuals related to the carnival have criticized the theme idea of the samba school’s performance. Another performer at the carnival, Mário Monteiro said that it’s an irony to talk about money when the carnival is experiencing financial difficulties. Well, it will be intriguing to see how cryptos work at the Rio carnival, the festival of utmost joy. | <urn:uuid:bc9a5d0d-14fd-4f08-a833-d417d04a5e0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cryptonewsz.com/bitcoin-forays-into-most-sensational-rio-de-janeiro-carnival/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.972984 | 496 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The world’s first designer fragrance ‘scientifically proven’ to make you feel sexier has now hit shelves – here’s how it works
Fashion and fragrance giant Paco Rabanne has created the first-ever perfume scientifically proven to make you feel sexy.
The new Phantom fragrance for men was formulated by four master perfumers who used artificial intelligence, algorithms and neuroscience to develop a scent that enhances feelings of confidence, energy and sensuality as soon as it touches the skin.
After lengthy experimentation with unusual pairings, the French fashion brand settled on a blend of natural, vegan-friendly ingredients including lavender, lemon, patchouli, vetiver and vanilla, poured into the world’s first refillable ‘smart’ bottle.
A contactless communication chip built into the cap of the robotic container syncs to your phone through an app loaded with interactive games, filters and personalised playlists.
The new Phantom fragrance from Paco Rabanne (pictured) was formulated by four master perfumers who used artificial intelligence, algorithms and neuroscience to develop a scent that enhances feelings of confidence, energy and sensuality as soon as it touches the skin
All you have to do is tap your phone on the top of the bottle to access a world of augmented reality.
Enormous effort went into the development of the revolutionary fragrance, which was tested on young men aged between 18 and 35 to determine which emotions it triggered in the brain.
The ingredients were selected after neuroscientists demonstrated they can activate brain areas associated with seduction, alertness and energy.
The fragrance launched in Australia on August 1, and is now available at Myer with prices starting from $106 (AUD).
Paco Rabanne’s innovative fragrance may be the first to make wearers feel sexy, but it’s not the first the first time a brand has used scientific formulas in its scents.
How scent can evoke emotions and memories
The anatomy of the human brain is such that emotion and memory can be triggered by scents and smells.
Scientists studying olfaction have shed light on how sense of smell is connected to brain function.
According to Brain Facts, smell begins at the back of the nose where millions of sensory neurons lie.
The tips of these neurons contain proteins called receptors which bind odour molecules.
Each receptor can be activated by many different odour molecules, but the forces that bind receptors and odour molecules can vary greatly in strength meaning some interactions fit better than others.
Once an odour molecule binds to a receptor, it triggers an electrical signal that travels from the sensory neurons to the olfactory bulb that relays the signal to other brain areas for processing.
Smell information goes to the piriform cortex and the thalamus, a structure that serves as a sensory analysis station for the brain.
When we experience a rush of emotion or memory after sniffing a particular scent, this happens as a result of the thalamus sending smell information to the hippocampus and amygdala, key brain regions involved in learning and memory.
After lengthy experimentation with unusual pairings, the French fashion brand settled on a blend of vegan-friendly ingredients including lavender, lemon, patchouli, vetiver and vanilla
A contactless communication chip built into the cap of the robotic container syncs to your phone through an app loaded with interactive games, filters and personalised playlists
Back in September 2019, Adidas launched a fragrance collection designed to increase your desire and ability to exercise.
The line included two masculine and two feminine scents, scientifically formulated to change your mindset towards working out.
Created in collaboration with elite athletes, each fragrance activates a unique emotional centre of the brain and nervous system to enhance performance.
Prices start at $29 for 30ml and $49 for 100ml bottles from stockists such as Chemist Warehouse, My Chemist and My Beauty Spot. | <urn:uuid:10bd729b-5736-4d30-ba70-c1ef74a4c1e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://celex.s205.xrea.com/worlds-first-perfume-proven-to-make-you-feel-sexy-launches-in-aus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.927556 | 810 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Patients to benefit from new liver scanner at Torbay Hospital
Published: 26 June 2015
A new scanner that detects and measures liver damage has been purchased for South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (Torbay Hospital) by Torbay Hospital League of Friends.
The Fibroscan (Hepatic Fibrosis Measurement System) scanner will enable the hospital to diagnose liver problems more quickly with a simple and painless test. Previously the degree of liver damage was assessed by a biopsy of the liver, or patients would need to travel to Derriford Hospital in Plymouth for a Fibroscan.
Dr. Keith George, Senior Consultant Gastroenterologist at Torbay Hospital, said: “The Fibroscan machine kindly purchased by the League of Friends will change the way patients with liver disease are assessed at Torbay Hospital.
“The machine can accurately assess the degree of damage suffered by the liver, due to a variety of conditions, thus helping us make more informed treatment decisions. It can also help us make quicker treatment decisions for our patients with liver disease as they can now have a Fibroscan performed as part of their initial consultation in the outpatient department.”
David Rogers, Chairman of Torbay Hospital League of Friends, said: “The League was very pleased to have been able to find the money for this machine especially as it will have such an enormous benefit to patients with liver problems in the Torbay area”.
If you have any queries regarding these news items, please contact the Communications Team. | <urn:uuid:61e26918-6c0f-4562-81b0-f5947a99ef38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.torbayandsouthdevon.nhs.uk/about-us/news-and-publications/news/2015/06/patients-to-benefit-from-new-liver-scanner-at-torbay-hospital/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.956921 | 313 | 1.804688 | 2 |
One of the objectives of the Unified Patent Court (UPC) Agreement was to establish a single court system for all litigation involving a European Patent in the participating states. However, Article 83 of the UPC provides a transitional period during which patent owners will be able to “opt-out” of the UPC with respect to conventional European Patents, but not with respect to a Unitary Patent (UP). A party who opts-out for a patent may later opt-in (i.e., withdraw the “opt-out”), but may not thereafter opt-out again. There will be no official fee to opt-out or opt-in, contrary to an earlier proposal. The transitional period will be seven years; however, the UPC Administrative Committee may extend that period up to an additional seven years.
Patent applicants who wish to avoid the UPC after the transitional period might consider filing national patent applications rather than European applications and or a divisional application to obtain similar Unitary and conventional European Patents.
Patent Courts for Classic European Patents in the Transitional Period and the “Brussels Regulation”
In order to understand UPC “competence” (jurisdiction) and the opt-out option, we provide the following brief summary of the options available for patent infringement and validity litigation in the EU states participating in the UPC during the transitional period, when both the UPC and national courts will be competent to handle such litigation for conventional European Patents. (The UPC will have exclusive competence for Unitary Patent infringement and revocation litigation at all times).
Prior to the Unitary Patent and the UPC, the EPO granted European Patents, which the owner validated in one or more EPO member states. Each validation of the European Patent confers the same legal rights and is subject to the same conditions as national patents granted by the respective national patent office in the respective validation state. That arrangement continues after the advent of the Unitary Patent as an alternative to the Unitary Patent and, when the European Patent is registered as a Unitary Patent, for those states not participating in the Unitary Patent.
Prior to the UPC, all patent infringement and validity litigation took place in national courts. After the UPC starts, it will be an alternative to the national courts for conventional European Patents during the transitional period and will have exclusive jurisdiction for all European Patents thereafter, except as provided by the opt-out provisions in Article 83 (Transitional regime) of the UPC Agreement.
In the EU, the rules governing international and cross-border jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters were first harmonized by the Brussels Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, which was later replaced by a regulation, referred to as the Brussels regulation. The current version is Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012, as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 542/2014 to add specific provisions to include the Unified Patent Court (UPC) and the Benelux Court of Justice in substantially the same way as national courts.
Briefly, the Brussels regulation and court interpretations prevent two courts in the EU from taking jurisdiction over the “same cause of action,” involving the same patent and parties. Note that infringement and revocation proceedings are not considered the “same cause of action.”
The Brussels Regulation provides for both general jurisdiction and special jurisdiction in patent infringement cases. The courts in the defendant’s country of domicile have general jurisdiction. As a result, they can hear and determine disputes concerning patent infringements in all countries and can award all remedies, including injunctions and damages.
The most important ground of special jurisdiction under the Brussels Regulation is a place where the harmful event occurred. Special jurisdiction may also apply in cases involving multiple defendants and close connection of parties, disputes arising out of the operation of a branch, subsidiary or other establishment, and counterclaims.
The Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) has distinguished between harmful events at the place where the damage occurred (“place of damage”) and at the place where the event giving rise to the damage occurred (“place of action”). Courts at the place where damage occurs have jurisdiction only with respect to harm caused in that state. According to the prevailing, but not undisputed, view among academic authors, the courts in the state which is the “place of action” have jurisdiction to deal with all the consequences of a patent infringer’s acts there, including consequences in other states.
Until now, patent revocation proceedings could only be brought in the courts of the state which granted or validated the patent. When the UPC Agreement takes effect, conventional European patents can be revoked for all participating states in a single UPC proceeding (central attack), unless the patent owner has opted-out of the UPC for that patent. The UPC Agreement limits the filing of a revocation action to its Central Division, protecting the patent from an attack being started in a local or regional division. Counterclaims for revocation, however, can be filed in infringement proceedings initiated in any of the central, local or regional divisions, but revocation counterclaims may be transferred to the Central Division.
The Opt-Out Procedure
Articles 10 and 83 UPC Agreement, and Articles 22-24 of the annexed Statute, provide that the UPC will maintain a Registry. Owners of conventional European Patents, both those now in force and those validated in the future, will be able to file opt-out requests with the Registry. Once an opt-out statement is filed, the UPC will not have jurisdiction over the patent, and it can only be enforced and attacked through national procedures. Article 83 also permits the owner(s) of European Patent to later withdraw its opt-out (i.e. opt-in), as discussed further below.
Pursuant to the Protocol on Provisional Application of the UPC Agreement, patent owners will be able to file opt-out demands within a Sunrise Period of approximately three to four months before the UPC opens. That could avoid the possibility of an invalidation or noninfringement proceeding being filed in the UPC before the patent owner can opt-out. (The earlier proposal that the UPC would delegate to the EPO the task of maintaining the opt-out registry has been cancelled).
Therefore, generally, in order to opt-out of the UPC:
- Owners of European Patents granted before the UP system starts will file an opt-out request at the UPC; and
- Owners of European Patent applications who receive a mention of grant issued by the EPO during the Sunrise Period or after the Start Date will need to validate the EP as national patents (not as a UP), and file an opt-out request at the UPC.
Prompt filing could avoid the possibility of an invalidation or noninfringement proceeding being filed in the UPC before the patent owner can opt-out.
It will be possible to withdraw a UPC opt-out request (“opt-in”) after opting out. Therefore, some persons have suggested a tactic of opting out as soon as practical and then—if the patent owner wishes to enforce a conventional EP in the UPC—opt-in immediately before filing a Complaint. However, that procedure would only offer a head start and forum selection advantage. Once an infringement action is filed in the UPC, the defendant can raise invalidity and noninfringement defenses and counterclaims in that court.
Potential Effects of Article 83
Some potential effects of Article 83, providing for opt-out during the transitional period, have been under discussion in interested groups starting in 2013. The two principal questions have been:
- Will an opt-out be effective only for the transitional period or continues for the life of the patent? The majority opinion has been that opt-out for the life of the patent is intended. That opinion has been adopted in the FAQ part of the Preparatory Committee’s website here; however, that FAQ response is not binding. An alternative view is based on the fact that the opt-out is a part of transitional provisions and, therefore, should only have effect in the transitional period. The issue will have to be resolved by the courts. (See the article “Will a UPC opt-out survive the transitional period?” here.)
- What law should be applied in national courts in cases involving a patent opted-out from the UPC? Should those courts apply the law specified for application by the UPC in the UPC Agreement? Should the UPC and national courts apply the same substantive law and, if so, which provisions are substantive and which are procedural?
On 29 January 2014, the UPC Preparatory Committee issued an Interpretative Note on “Consequences of the application of Article 83 UPC Agreement” (copy here). It reached the conclusion that if an opt-out is in effect “(or, if during the transitional period the case is brought before a national court), the [UPC] Agreement no longer applies to the application for a European patent, the European patent or the Supplementary Protection Certificate concerned. As a consequence the competent national court would have to apply the applicable national law.” That Note, however, is not binding and there is considerable disagreement among commentators about its conclusion. Some commentators are urging harmonization of national laws with the UPC Agreement. Probably, we will simply have to wait and see how these issues are decided.
Deciding Whether or Not to Opt-Out
There are a number of factors to be considered in deciding whether or not to register European Patents as Unitary Patents, and whether or not to opt-out of the UPC for conventional European Patents. Some of the principal factors now under discussion, including a cost-benefit analysis, and fears of poor quality judges, unfamiliar rules and procedures and central attack are discussed below, in our Questions Patent Owners May Ask Themselves Regarding Opt-Out webpage here.
In order to opt-out of the UPC after the UP system comes into effect, the patent owner will have to give up some of the advantages of a Unitary Patent. In particular, the owner will have to give up the ability to obtain patent protection for 17 or more participating states at a lower cost and with less maintenance complications than would be possible for a smaller number of those states using the conventional route of validation as national patents. Of course, as discussed on our Costs page, many owners do not pay for broad territorial coverage now and may continue that practice in the future.
During the negotiations leading to the UPC Agreement, fears were expressed concerning the quality of judges, especially judges from smaller states who may have little patent litigation experience.
That type of fear is not new. We heard similar expressions of fear about EPO and the European Trade Mark Office examiners before those offices opened, but the high quality in those offices quickly became apparent and those fears faded away.
The UPC drafters were very much aware of the need to have quality, experienced judges on the UPC from the very beginning. As a result, the UPC system practically guarantees high quality judges. Judicial panels in the local and regional divisions in smaller states will only have one local judge. A judicial training center is being established. But most importantly, for several reasons, the UPC is attracting highly qualified persons to be judges. Over 1000 persons have applied for approximately 95 positions as a legally or technically qualified judge. Perhaps the first reason is the prestige of being an EU judge. Also, the UPC judges’ salaries will be significantly higher than those of most national judges. At least in the beginning, many UPC judges will work in the UPC on a part-time basis, and can continue to work the rest of the time in a National court.
Unfamiliar Rules & Procedures
At least some of the fears concerning lack of familiarity with the UPC rules and procedures are analogous to the fears concerning judges. In the beginning, judges and professional representatives (patent attorneys) will have to learn new rules and procedures. It may be harder for a professional representative to advise concerning the UPC rules and procedures as compared with advising about those of his or her national court. However, that problem is no more difficult than that of comparing EU national court rules and procedures today, and many professionals will very quickly develop UPC expertise.
From a patent owner’s perspective, the ability to focus on a single set of rules and procedures in the UPC is likely to prove advantageous. An analogous example is trademark litigation in the United States. Although both the federal and state courts have subject matter jurisdiction over trademark litigation, most of that litigation is in the federal courts, where the same, basic federal rules of procedure and evidence are applicable in all districts.
As noted above, in the discussion of Potential Effects of Article 83, there are also questions of what law will be applied by the national courts in cases involving opted-out European patents, which may take some time to resolve.
The possibility of “Central Attack,” a single proceeding in which a patent can be attacked for multiple jurisdictions, is always raised when transnational IP proceedings are proposed. The UPC Agreement’s requirement that revocation actions be filed in its Central Division minimizes the risk of revocation by less experienced judges. The transitional UPC opt-out procedure is a way of avoiding Central Attacks on conventional European Patents, except for the possibility of an opposition in the EPO during the nine months following grant of the European Patent.
Objections based on the potential for “Central Attack” are not new. Similar objections were raised before the EPO and European Trade Mark Office were established; however, those objections have had little effect in deterring use of those offices.
As a practical matter, harmonization of IP laws in the EU and increasing communication between European IP judges have reduced the likelihood of different results with respect to the same European Patent in different EU states.
For further discussion, see Questions Patent Owners May Ask Themselves Regarding Opt-Out here.
Updated 18 July 2022. | <urn:uuid:639f94c6-2fe4-4c0b-9bd8-edcba55f2923> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fr.com/global-opt-out-upc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.943725 | 2,935 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Based on the analyses of weather maps of scales from local through Asiatic to northern hemispheric, the author studies in this paper some mesoclimatological problems of the mesoscale disturbances observed during the period of heavy snow in the Hokuriku District. The main problems treated are as follows:- First, the statistical characters of the so-called plain heavy snow free from mountain effect and of mountain heavy snow are examined. According to the statistics on the frequency of heavy snowfalls for 9 winters from 1953 to 1961, mountain heavy snow is the most frequent, accounting for more than half of the total occurrences. On the contrary, the frequency of plain snow is comparatively low, as the mean occurrence of plain snow is only 2.5 days during one winter season. Plain heavy snow is mainly related to the bulge of isobars on the weather chart in which a cold vortex is located over the Japan Sea. Especially it seems that, under the prevalence of the bulge pressure pattern, there occur heavy snow and rainfall, thunderstorms and gusts with the passing of a mesoscale disturbance, throughout the year. Therefore this pressure pattern has great importance in forecasting severe storms around the Japan Sea side of the Japanese mainland.
Basing on ship observations over the Japan Sea area, the relations are investigated statistically between cloud amount and heat or moisture supply estimated by the bulk method for the January situation of the 5 year period 1963-1967. A significant positive correlation is found particularly over the central part of the Japan Sea area where cumulus clouds start to form and develop. The relation seems to be clear under a north to northwesterly monsoon situation.
A numerical experiment for the study of the development and the structure of tropical cyclones is performed with a 13-layer model. The total amount of latent heat released in a vertical column of air is specified by the horizontal mass convergence in the friction layer, as proposed by Ooyama (1964). The vertical distribution of released latent heat is assumed to be proportional to the temperature difference between cumulus clouds and large scale field (Yamasaki,1968b). For simplicity, the equivalent potential temperature of cumulus clouds is kept constant with time and space. The numerical experiment sh o ws that the present tropical cyclone model is capable of describing many features observed in actual tropical cyclones, if initial conditions (especially the initial static stability) and various physical parameters are chosen appropriately. The structure and the developmental process of the simulated tropical cyclone are discussed in detail.
New instruments were des i gned for measuring the liquid water content in clouds and fogs. Their principles are based on the capture of water droplets on a synthetic filament moving in the cloud air. The technique is useful for measurement in all kinds of clod: supercooled, nonsupercooled and ice clouds. The instruments were developed into three types, that is, for aircraft, radiosonde and ground use. These instruments will enable us to measure the liquid w a ter content at intervals of any time range from 1 to 30 seconds. The measurements of the liquid water content are described which were carried- out in supercooled clouds and river fogs by using these instruments.
The writers' previous repo r t (1968) has revealed that the seasonal variation of mortality can be classified into the summer concentration type for Egypt, the winter concentration type for Japan and England, and the “deseasonality” type for the United States and the Scandinavian countries. Taking for instance the infant mortality in the City of New York, they attempt in this paper to make an intensive study into the last-named phenomenonthe considerable moderation of seasonal variation or deseasonality and its historical process of formation. (Then is presented a series of models for mortalitytemperature correlation decade by decade in Japan.) Correlation graphs by the decade for infa n t mortality and temperature in New York, in addition to the convariance, analysis, point out the steady decline of the infant death rate, the gradual disapperance of seasonal differences in mortality, and the formation and levelling-off of nearly linear regression for spring and autumnthe quantitative process of slowing-down in the seasonal variation of mortality or deseasonality. Responsible for all this are, among others, the reduction of deaths from infectious diseases in winter and the favorable effect of central heating. The corresponding correlation graphs for Tokyo present a striking contrast to those for the American city. Taking for instance Japan's total mortality, the authors h a ve prepared models for mortality-temperature correlation by the decade in the past six decades. From the 1900's through the 1930's, there are two upcurves, one in summer and the other in winter, and the gradual diminution of the summer area of distribution make a contrast with the enlargement of the winter one. In the 1950's, the summer upcurve flattens out, whereas the winter peak gets higher and the winter area becomes larger. It is also noteworthy that the point of intersection for spring and autumn regression curves rises in temperature decade after decade, and that the two curves closely approach each other in the 1960's, without, however, crossing each other. In conclusion, the causes of such chrono logical changes are studied decade by decade. They differ widely from decade to decade, and in each decade there are specific factors for bulging or flattening. Infectious and old-age diseases are responsible for the bulging upcurve in summer in the 1900's; the arrest of the infectious diseases i n the hot season accounts for the termination of the summer peak, an d two smaller bulges appear in the 1920's and 1930's; and the winter high peak in the 1950's and 1960's is ascribed to the concentration of deaths mainly from apoplexy and other old age diseases.
The vertical structure of the aerosol content observed by a lidarin the lower atmosphere is to be related to the thermal structureof the atmosphere, but no definite relationship has yet been foundbetween lidar and radiosonde data in spite of many suggestions madeconcerning this subject since the advent of lidar. Some investigationis here made on it by the use of lidar data obtained only on cleardays with light winds. Aerosol particles are found in late afternoon to be accumulatedby atmospheric convection in the upper levels (700-1,600 meters orso), of which the boundary is mostly determined by the maximummixing depth obtained with the help of the temperature profile givenby radiosonde ascent and the maximum surface temperature. Lidarobservations clearly visualize the atmospheric convection throughtracers of aerosol particles. Both in the morning and in early afternoonit is seen that the “plume” or “flare” is one of the main formsin the convection. The vertical distributions of aerosols both in themorning and in the afternoon are characterized and classified inview of the convection based on the lidar data. Many discontinuities of lidar echoes are found to be presentthroughout the lower atmosphere in the form of either large layersor solitary patches ; they are considered to be important in the "layerreflection"in the microwave propagation.
The Volcano Mihara-yama in Izu-Oshima Island is an active volcano situated about 110 km SSW from Tokyo. At this volcano, Strombolian type eruptions have been taking place frequently since ancient times, and volcanic tremors continually occur at the crater. In this paper, the writer investigates the relationships among volcanic actions, volcanic tremors and volcanic earthquakes of the Volcano Mihara-yama, based on the data obtained at the Oshima Weather Station, during the period from 1938 to 1968. In this period, seismometrical observations at the Oshima Volcano were carried out continuously or temporarily at 5 points in Oshima Island. The distribution of the observation stations, the types and constants of the seismographs and the observed periods are shown in Fig.1, Table 1and Table 2. All the seismographs are of the displacement type. Since 1965, the efficient electromagnetic seismographs have been in use in addition to the old mechanical ones in the seismometrical network for this volcano. Consequently, new types of volcanic tremors and volcanic earthquakes closely related to the volcanic activities have been found. | <urn:uuid:dc7c63b9-f694-49a2-933b-c2314719aba0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/mripapers/19/0/_contents/-char/en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.934713 | 1,690 | 2.5 | 2 |
Welcome to our school
Our school is at the heart of the community and is a safe, welcoming and caring family community where diversity is celebrated and everyone is respected for being special and unique. The Bible verse: Teach children how they should live and they will remember it all of their life (Proverbs 22 v 6) epitomises our vision, where we strive for the best provision for all.
The school promotes children’s active role in the community and in respecting their environment; they are valued and encouraged to believe in themselves, achieve their very best and succeed in an ethos where everyone develops respect for themselves, each other, God and His world. We embrace the Church of England Vision for education and have developed our vision for school around those guiding principles.
Our free communication app allows us to provide parents with instant access to our important messages and up to date school information. Please contact the school office if you have not received your personal invite. | <urn:uuid:2c80c80d-64cf-414e-af71-7bff417091e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stthomasschool.org.uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958503 | 192 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Some people have the gift to be able to look into the future. (How True)
" The Zulu war is over. You think it was unjustifiable, but it was not so, for so long as the military power of the Zulus remained unbroken there could be no peace in South
Africa and the white inhabitants of Natal and the Transvaal would have had an assegai constantly dangling over their heads. Sir Bartle Frere knew this, and no doubt manoeuvred so as to bring on a war, a war which he knew to be inevitable sooner or later. Of course but little glory has been gained, and one cannot but admire and pity the Zulus, who made a brave but unavailing resistance to our men armed with far superior weapons. I think they are far better off than before, and are not burdened with the cruel despotism of Cetawayo. It seems that after all there will be a disturbance with the Transvaal Boers. I hope not, but of course, if they force it upon themselves, their blood will be upon their own heads. I do not admire them ; mentally they are, I should think, the most ignorant and stupid of all white races, and they certainly have not one tenth part of the courage of the Zulus. Physically they are immensely big as a rule and capital shots, but there can only be one end for them to an open rupture with the British authorities, death and confiscation of property which will leave another legacy of hatred between Dutch and English inhabitants of this country for many years to come."
Source: LIFE OF FREDERICK
COURTENAY SELOUS, D.S.O. | <urn:uuid:69472f67-cee8-496d-982d-31016ae71afa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.1879zuluwar.com/t1666-the-zulu-war-is-over | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.976828 | 353 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The false assumption of a stationary ether as an absolute reference frame in space resulted in the further false assumptions of one specific and absolute solar orbital motion for the Earth through space, of an absolute and specific displacement of Michelson’s mirrors from the stationary ether, and of an ether wind effect that would change the velocity of a propagating light ray. It was then falsely inferred and assumed that these arbitrary and ad hoc concepts would result in a greater distance and/or time interval for a light pencil to propagate to and fro between Michelson’s displacing mirrors in the direction of such solar orbital motion. It was also falsely assumed that this theoretically greater distance and/or time interval would be detectable by Michelson’s interference of light method. Finally, Michelson’s null results, in conjunction with these false assumptions, created a baffling absolute paradox and a crisis for late 19th century physics.
Just like everyone else, the author was initially mystified by the absolute paradox that was perceived and inferred from Michelson’s null results. Only after years of painstaking analysis, and many dead ends, did he finally realize and understand the real reasons and answers for this monumental mystery.
The M & M paradox was created inter alia by such empirical null results, the stationary ether theory, numerous false inferences and assumptions, and by many ad hoc theories and mathematical calculations. For example, since Maxwell’s transmission velocity of light is a constant c (300,000 km/s) in both to and fro directions in Michelson’s apparatus, it was assumed by theory and by mathematical calculation that the longitudinal light pencil in the M & M experiment (which propagated to and fro in the direction of the Earth’s absolute velocity of 30 km/s around the Sun) must have to propagate a greater absolute distance away from the stationary ether than the transverse light pencil which propagated to and fro in the direction perpendicular to such solar orbital velocity (Figures 9.1B, 9.2 and Figure 9.3A). This false 1887 geometrical computation for such absolute difference in distance/time intervals of light propagation is illustrated on Figure 10.1.
However, M & M never detected an interference of light wave phase fringe shift, which theoretically would indicate a greater or different time interval of propagation in any direction. Thus, the question was asked: How could a light pencil propagate a greater distance/time interval in one absolute direction, yet the difference in time intervals of propagation in such different perpendicular directions could not be detected?
There was only one fundamental ad hoc reason why the scientific community staunchly believed that Michelson should be able to detect a relative change in the wave phases of two different perpendicular light pencils (in other words, an interference fringe shift) in the direction of the Earth’s solar orbital motion through space. That reason was their false belief in a material substance called “stationary ether” which existed in all of space (like a fixed stake in space) from which all positions, distances, time intervals, motions and directions could be measured. All other false assumptions, misanalysis, false mindsets and unrealistic expectations followed from this one fundamental false premise. They include the following:
1. The false assumption that the absolute direction and absolute motion of the Earth with respect to such stationary ether (a fixed stake in space) produced one (and only one) absolute and specific velocity of 30 km/s for the Earth: its solar orbital velocity.
2. The false assumption that such absolute motion of the Earth relative to the stationary ether should cause the mirrors in Michelson’s apparatus to displace from each light pencil so that such light pencil would have a greater distance/time interval to propagate in such absolute direction (Maxwell, 1880, Nature, Vol. XX1, p. 315; Michelson, 1881, p. 121; Lorentz, 1895 [Dover, 1952, p. 3]; Figure 10.1).
3. The false assumption that Michelson’s mirrors could physically displace from the light ray in his apparatus (Figure 10.1).
5. The false assumption and mindset that such one specific absolute velocity in turn results in a greater absolute distance/time interval which a light ray must propagate in Michelson’s experiments (Figures 9.1B, 9.2B, 9.2C and Figure 10.1B), as compared to the theoretical distance/time interval which a light ray must propagate if the Earth was at rest in the stationary ether (Figures 9.1A, 9.2A, Figure 10.1A and Figure 10.2).
6. The false assumption that such motion of the Earth through the stationary ether would result in an ether wind effect which would decrease or change the velocity of the light pencils in the direction of such motion (Gamow, 1948, pp. 92 – 96; Figure 9.3B).
To add to the confusion, these theoretical misassumptions were often commingled and intertwined with each other.
All of these false assumptions created an unshakeable and impossible expectation within the scientific community that such difference in absolute specific time intervals should have been detected and measured by Michelson’s interference of light method. This completely unrealistic expectation, and the bewildering paradox which it and such other false assumptions produced, required an explanation, any explanation; finally even a contrived “contraction” explanation of desperation (Miller, p. 28 and Chapter 15).
The general explanation for Michelson’s absolute paradox is really quite simple. Such absolute paradox was really not a paradox at all, because it was based upon a series of impossible false assumptions that logically and empirically could never physically occur. For example, we now know that there is no stationary ether in space from which to measure the absolute velocity v of the Earth in any absolute direction. It was purely a myth. Similarly false was Maxwell’s assumption that the round trip time interval for a terrestrial light ray to propagate to and fro in Michelson’s apparatus depends “on the speed of the earth through the ether” (French, p. 50). Michelson’s and Lorentz’s assumption that the mirrors in Michelson’s apparatus could displace a greater absolute distance from their respective light pencils (than if such light propagation was taking place on the Earth at rest in stationary ether) so as to cause a greater distance/time interval of propagation by such light pencils…was obviously false. The concept of an ether wind that could decrease or change the velocity of light (and thus the time interval of light propagation) in the direction of the Earth’s motion was also patently false. Finally, the longer angular path of the perpendicular transverse light pencil in Michelson’s 1887 experiment could not exist, because a perpendicular light pencil does not have lateral inertia. There were also other impossible false assumptions that could not rationally be believed (Chapter 9). Michelson’s apparatus could never detect an imaginary greater distance and/or a time interval that could not and did not exist, nor a difference between impossible absolute distance/time intervals that could not and did not exist. It was a mission impossible.
In this chapter we shall further analyze and discuss the above false absolute assumptions, false mindsets, unrealistic expectations and the perceived absolute paradox which they created, and we shall continue to explain why they were all theoretically incorrect and impossible to achieve. Once the absurdity of such false assumptions are fully explained, understood and accepted, and the real reasons for Michelson’s paradoxical null results are disclosed, discussed and explained in Chapters 11 and 12, the above false assumptions and their resulting unrealistic expectations should completely disappear for the reader, and so should the absolute paradox that they created.
A. The concept of stationary ether caused an absolute mindset of scientists (including Einstein), which resulted in many other false assumptions, unrealistic expectations, and ultimately in the M & M absolute paradox. All of the above are myths, including Einstein’s proposed contraction solution.
First, let us retrace these false assumptions and impossible expectations from their beginning. In the early 19th century, Fresnel and others invented the concept of stationary ether in Newton’s absolute space in an attempt explain the propagation of light and other phenomena. For various reasons, Maxwell believed in the concept of stationary ether as an absolute reference frame in space for the purpose of physical measurement (Chapter 6). In his March 1879 letter, Maxwell described a “possible” method to detect the absolute velocity of the Earth with respect to the stationary ether, based upon his false and ad hoc assumption that the round trip time interval for any terrestrial light ray to propagate to and fro between relatively stationary mirrors “does in principle depend upon the speed of the earth through the ether” (French, p. 50). Maxwell conjectured:
“[I]n the terrestrial methods of determining the velocity of light, the light comes back along the same path again, so that the velocity of the earth with respect to the ether would alter the time [interval] of the double passage…” (Maxwell, 1880, Nature, Vol. XXI, p. 315).
This ad hoc conjecture was a totally false assumption. What was the magnitude of the time interval for the double passage of light on the Earth altering or varying from?
Maxwell, like everyone else of his era, falsely assumed that if the Earth was absolutely at rest in the stationary ether, then a light ray transmitting at c from one stationary mirror to another and back again on the surface of the Earth would propagate over the same distance during the same time interval in any direction (Figures 9.1A and Figure 10.1A). This, of course, was a false assumption, because there is no stationary ether in which the Earth could be absolutely at rest. Maxwell then assumed that the Earth was not absolutely at rest, but rather it was moving relative to the stationary ether at an absolute velocity of v…its solar orbital motion. This was another false assumption.
Because of this theoretical absolute velocity of the Earth, Maxwell then falsely hypothesized that a light ray, propagating to and fro from one relatively stationary mirror to another and back again on the surface of the Earth, would have to propagate a greater absolute distance and a greater absolute time interval in the direction of the Earth’s absolute velocity with respect to the ether…greater (that is) than if the Earth was absolutely at rest in the stationary ether (Figures 9.1, 9.2 and Figure 10.1). However, this impossible comparison of two different absolute distances and two different absolute time intervals was another impossible false assumption, because the absolute distance/time interval of light propagating on the Earth at rest in the ether does not exist. All of these ad hoc concepts are myths. A greater distance than a distance which does not exist cannot be detected. Likewise, a greater time interval than a time interval that does not exist cannot be detected or measured.
In 1895, Lorentz interpreted Maxwell’s hypothesis to mean that “the time [interval] required for a ray of light to travel from a point A to a point B and back to A [on the Earth’s surface] must vary when the two points [mirrors] together undergo a displacement…” with respect to the stationary ether (Lorentz, 1895 [Dover, 1952, p. 3]; Figures 9.1B, 9.2B, 9.2C and Figure 10.1). Lorentz’s interpretations and assumptions immediately beg the question: If there is no ether, then what are such two points (Michelson’s relatively stationary mirrors) displacing in tandem from…empty space?
In 1880, Michelson adopted Maxwell’s false logic. Like Maxwell, he also assumed that the stationary ether was an absolute reference frame, like a stake in space; a definite place and a specific material body of reference from which he could measure positions, distance intervals and time intervals in a certain direction, and with respect to which he assumed his mirrors would displace in tandem. Based on all of the above false assumptions, Michelson further assumed in 1881 that “the actual distance that light travels in the [direction of the Earth’s solar orbital motion] is greater than in the [direction perpendicular to such motion]” (Michelson, 1881, p. 121). In 1881, Michelson further assumed that light which propagated from Earth perpendicularly to the direction of the Earth’s absolute solar orbital motion “would be entirely unaffected” by such motion (Ibid). In Michelson’s words:
“Assuming then that the ether is at rest, the earth moving through it, the time required for light to pass from one point to another on the earth’s surface, would depend on the direction in which it [light] travels” (Ibid).
Apparently, Michelson also hypothesized that the absolute motion of the Earth through the stationary ether would cause an “ether wind” effect which would reduce the light ray’s transmission velocity in the direction of the Earth’s absolute solar orbital motion and thus “alter the time” interval of the double passage in the direction of such motion (Gamow, 1948, pp. 92 – 96). Based on this alternate “ether wind” hypothesis, Michelson then would have assumed that the time interval for light to propagate in an absolute direction perpendicular to the Earth’s solar orbital motion would be different than in the direction of the Earth’s solar orbital motion. As previously mentioned in Chapter 9, the basis for these alternate assumptions was an analogy to the fact that a boat on Earth will empirically take longer to travel to and fro against and with the flow of a river than it will take to travel the same distance across the flow of the river (Gamow, 1948, pp. 92 – 96; Figure 9.3B).
One way or another, Michelson falsely assumed that there would be a time interval difference for light to propagate in different perpendicular directions within his apparatus. He also believed that this time interval difference would be manifested by an observable interference of light fringe shift when the arms of his apparatus and their light rays were rotated through 90° relative to the absolute direction of the Earth’s solar orbital velocity (30 km/s) through the stationary ether. But no fringe shift (and thus no difference in absolute time intervals) was ever detected by Michelson, either in 1881, or in 1887, or thereafter.
These null results created an unexplained theoretical absolute paradox and a crisis in physics after 1887. How could Maxwell’s seemingly reasonable expectations not have been demonstrated and verified by Michelson’s seemingly foolproof experiments? How could the “ether wind” not have produced a difference in the time interval for such propagation? How could light at c propagate an assumed greater distance in the direction of the Earth’s solar orbital motion, but the corresponding greater time interval was not detected? M & M’s null result and these paradoxes also cast doubt on the validity of Maxwell’s equations and his concept of the constant transmission velocity of light at c. With false assumptions and false expectations like those described above, no wonder that the scientific community (including Einstein) was baffled with Michelson’s null results.
In his 1916 book, Relativity, Einstein described and agreed with Maxwell’s 1879 false absolute assumptions. He also summarized and confirmed Michelson’s false absolute hypotheses and experiments, and described the resulting paradox, as follows:
“Imagine two mirrors so arranged on a rigid body that the reflecting surfaces face each other. A ray of light requires a perfectly definite time T to pass from one mirror to the other and back again, if the whole system be at rest with respect to the aether. It is found by calculation, however, that a slightly different time T′ is required for this process, if the body, together with the mirrors, be moving relatively to the aether. And yet another point: it is shown by calculation that for a given velocity v with reference to the aether, this time T′ is different when the body is moving perpendicularly to the planes of the mirrors from that resulting when the motion is parallel to these planes. Although the estimated difference between these two times is exceedingly small, Michelson and Morley performed an experiment involving interference in which this difference should have been clearly detectable. But the experiment gave a negative result – a fact very perplexing to physicists (Einstein, Relativity, pp. 58 – 59).
This paragraph demonstrates that (even in 1916) Einstein was operating and agreeing with some of the same false absolute mindsets as the rest of the scientific community. The first theoretical “definite” time interval described by Einstein assumes that the Earth and Michelson’s apparatus could be absolutely at rest in the stationary ether. It is from this absolutely stationary reference frame that Einstein asserts: “A ray of light requires a perfectly definite time Tto pass from one mirror to the other and back again” (Einstein, Relativity, pp. 58-59). The second theoretical time interval is also described by Einstein with reference to the absolutely stationary frame of ether:
“a slightly different time T′ is required for this process, if the body, together with the mirrors, be moving relatively to the aether” (Ibid, p.59).
On the other hand, if the theoretical stationary reference frame of ether does not exist, then none of the above theoretical absolute distance/time intervals could exist, and the theoretical absolute “difference” in such theoretical time intervals could not exist either. If this theoretical absolute “difference” in time intervals was only a myth, resulting from a false mindset in the minds of theoreticians, then Michelson could not detect or measure by any method something that did not exist. And he never did.
After the null results of his 1881 experiment, Michelson was probably the first scientist to conclude that the stationary ether hypothesis was an invalid myth. He stated:
“The hypothesis of a stationary ether…is erroneous…[T]his conclusion [Michelson’s null results] directly contradicts [the hypothesis]…that the earth moves through the ether, the latter remaining at rest” (Michelson, 1881, p. 128).
In 1905, and later in his book, Relativity, Einstein first implied and then agreed with Michelson’s conclusion concerning the myths of absolute rest and stationary ether:
“[T]he unsuccessful attempts to discover any motion of the earth relatively to the light medium [ether], suggest that the phenomena of electrodynamics as well as of mechanics possess no properties corresponding to the idea of absolute rest” (Einstein, 1905d [Dover, 1952, p.37]),
“[T]here is no such thing as a ‘specially favored’ (unique) coordinate system to occasion the introduction of the aether-idea, and hence there can be no aether-drift [ether drag], nor any experiment with which to demonstrate it” (Einstein, 1916, Relativity, p.59).
This, of course, is the reason why Michelson could not detect an “ether wind” in his experiments, if in fact he actually attempted such detection. Ether does not exist.
Today, the concept of a substance called ether at rest in space as an absolute reference frame from which to measure the absolute motions, speeds, distances, time intervals, and directions of material objects and light through space has been totally repudiated. For this reason, all of the aforementioned assumptions of Maxwell and Michelson concerning the existence of stationary ether and ether wind were meaningless myths. For the same reasons, the assumptions of Maxwell, Michelson, Lorentz and Einstein concerning the theoretical difference of absolute time intervals between absolute rest and the Earth’s absolute motion relative thereto, were also meaningless concepts and erroneous myths.
Likewise, Michelson’s and Einstein’s assumptions that there could be a calculated time interval difference for light to propagate in the absolute direction of the Earth’s absolute solar orbital velocity with reference to the ether, and in the direction perpendicular thereto, was a meaningless myth. It was also a myth that such different absolute time intervals could be compared. In essence, it was a mission impossible for Michelson to attempt to detect and measure such absolute theoretical time interval differences that theoretically could not and empirically did not exist.
After Einstein described Michelson’s paradoxical null result, he went on to conjecture that:
“Lorentz and Fitzgerald rescued the [ether] theory from this difficulty [Michelson’s paradoxical null results] by assuming that the motion of the body relative to the aether produces a contraction being just sufficient to compensate for the difference in time…[T]his solution of the difficulty was the right one” (Einstein, Relativity, p. 59).
Einstein then described his own somewhat different relativistic “contraction solution” for Michelson’s paradoxical null results, which was just as ad hoc and absurd as those of Fitzgerald and Lorentz. Einstein claimed that “the prime factor involved in [his] contraction [solution was] not the motion in itself…but [rather] the motion with respect to the body of reference chosen in the particular case in point” (Einstein, Relativity, pp. 59 – 60). In other words, Einstein’s theoretical contraction of the longitudinal arm of Michelson’s apparatus was caused by and depended upon the relative motion of such apparatus with respect to whatever moving reference body someone might chose. In Chapter 15, we will discuss all three of the above contraction hypotheses in detail and explain why each so-called solution is artificial, invalid and totally meaningless.
Let us now summarize the above state of affairs. If there had never been a stationary ether theory and false assumptions based thereon, then there never would have been any theoretical absolute time interval difference, nor any paradox of a missing time interval, nor the need for Einstein’s relativistic contraction theory in order to attempt to explain why such imaginary and mythical time interval difference was not detected by Michelson. Thus, the paradox of Michelson’s null results and Einstein’s artificial solution for such paradox (his perceived contraction explanation), in reality, result from and are solely dependent upon the existence of stationary ether at rest in space…which Einstein asserted (in the previous sentence on p. 59) is invalid, impossible and does not exist (Einstein, Relativity, pp. 59 – 60). How convincing is Einstein’s inconsistency and self-contradiction for the reader?
For all of the above reasons (and those that follow in the next section), there is no way that the myths of stationary ether, of an ether wind, of the absolute displacement of Michelson’s mirrors from a propagating light ray, or of a greater distance of propagation in the direction of the Earth’s solar orbital motion, could ever have caused such a time interval difference or the shift of an interference fringe to detect it. The false assumptions and expectations (by everyone, including Einstein) that they could were an impossibility. If the stationary ether does not exist and could not possibly have caused a time interval difference or a fringe shift, and Einstein’s relativistic contraction theory was invented in part to explain the non-detectability of such time interval difference and of a fringe shift caused by stationary ether, then where does this leave Michelson’s absolute paradox and Einstein’s attempted contraction solution for it? The answer is obvious: nowhere.
B. There is no absolute motion, no absolute direction of motion, nor an absolute magnitude of velocity of the Earth through empty space that could produce a specific displacement of Michelson’s mirrors relative to a light ray.
The concepts of “distance,” “motion,” and “direction” only apply between and relative to material bodies of reference, not between a material body and relative to the empty space in which it is floating. By way of analogy, if the Earth was floating by itself in empty space there would be no assumption or illusion of its motion or velocity over a distance in any direction (Figure 10.2).
What exactly was the “velocity v of the Earth” which Maxwell, Michelson, Lorentz and Einstein assumed would “alter the time” interval of a light ray’s propagation to and fro between two relatively stationary mirrors? What specific magnitude and in which specific direction of the absolute velocity “v” were Maxwell, Michelson, Lorentz and Einstein assuming and attempting to measure? In other words, what was the assumed absolute “velocity of the earth with respect to the ether” (Maxwell, Nature, 1880, Vol. XXI, p.315)? The answer is: the most obvious relative velocity of the Earth…its solar orbital ‘motion’ of 30 km/s relative to the Sun (Michelson, 1881, p. 120). Over the centuries, this most obvious relative motion (a change of relative position) of the Earth was assumed to be the only “motion” of the Earth through space. By the end of the 19th century, this belief had become an absolute mindset for almost everyone.
Since we now know that stationary ether does not exist, all we are left with in its place is empty space, nothing. Still, it is not reasonable to assume that empty space is an absolute reference frame or body from which to measure a change of position, motion, velocity or direction. As Gamow stated:
“If there is no world ether filling the entire space of the universe, there cannot be any absolute motion, since one cannot move with respect to nothing. Thus…one can speak only about the relative motion of one material body with respect to another…” (Gamow, 1961, p. 173).
The same is true with respect to relative velocity and relative direction.
So we must ask this question: Which material body should take the place of the stationary ether in Maxwell’s, Michelson’s, Lorentz’s and Einstein’s assumptions? Is it the Moon, the Sun, Jupiter, another planet, a nearby star, the core of the MW Galaxy, a star on the opposite side of the MW Galaxy, or a distant galaxy (Figure 10.4)? Each of these possible reference bodies will result in a different relative motion of the Earth, a different relative magnitude of velocity for the Earth and a different relative direction of the Earth’s motion. Which one of these infinite numbers of possibilities should we choose?
Only if we arbitrarily choose the Sun, will the Earth’s magnitude of relative velocity be 30 km/s. Only if we arbitrarily choose the Sun will the Earth’s relative direction of motion be its solar orbital trajectory. Only if we arbitrarily chose the Sun as our reference body, will the theoretical contraction of Michelson’s longitudinal arm be “just sufficient to compensate for the difference in time,” as Einstein asserted.
On the other hand, if we arbitrarily chose the core of the MW Galaxy as our reference body, then the correct relative velocity of the Earth would be 225 km/s, the correct relative direction of the Earth would be its galactic orbital motion, and the correct contraction of Michelson’s longitudinal arm would be about 8 times as great in order to produce a null result. No matter which different reference body we might choose, the motion, the magnitude of the Earth’s velocity, and the direction of its motion (its change of position) relative to such different body of reference would be different.
How could the longitudinal arm on Michelson’s apparatus know which reference body we have chosen? If it doesn’t know, then how could it determine the correct specific relative velocity in the correct specific relative direction of motion in order to physically contract to the correct shortened length so as to produce a null result? How could Einstein’s theoretical contraction “with respect to the body of reference chosen in the particular case” have any validity with respect to the M & M paradox or its possible solution?
The conclusions are clear. All of the above assumptions, especially those based on stationary ether, were completely arbitrary, ad hoc, meaningless, and totally without empirical justification. They were all totally invalid on their face. How could such mythical magnitudes which were imagined in the minds of the theoreticians be physically detected or measured by Michelson’s apparatus, or by any other method? They couldn’t.
Again, if there was no ether “at rest” in space, then there could never be an absolute time interval from something that does not exist. There could be no absolute velocity (direction and speed) of the Earth measured from something that does not exist. There could be no specific displacement of Michelson’s mirrors from something that does not exist. There could be no greater specific distance interval or greater specific time interval for light to propagate over the finite distance between two mirrors, from something that does not exist. In short, there could be no physical measurements from something that does not exist or the attempted detection of them by any method.
Let us now further discuss the absurdity of such absolute assumptions, absolute mindsets, unrealistic expectations, and proposed contraction solutions, based on our current knowledge. Large telescopes, such as the 100-inch on Mount Wilson, only began to be operational after 1917. We now know, starting with Hubble’s discoveries in 1925, that the magnitude and direction of the Earth’s solar orbital velocity is but one of an infinite number of relative velocities, magnitudes, and directions of the Earth’s motion (its change of relative position) through space. The Earth has a different position and velocity relative to every star, planet, moon, asteroid, comet, and other particle of matter in the Solar System and in the Cosmos. The Earth moves with the Solar System at approximately 225 km/s relative to the core of the Milky Way Galaxy (MW), and at billions of other different velocities relative to all of the stars and other celestial bodies in the MW Galaxy (Figure 10.3). Together, the Earth and the MW Galaxy move at an infinite number of different magnitudes of velocity and directions of motion relative to all of the other countless galaxies, stars, and celestial bodies in the Universe (Figure 10.4 and Chart 10.5).
What is the specific magnitude of the Earth’s absolute velocity ‘v’ through space at any specific instant of time? Is it 0 km/s, 30 km/s, 195 km/s, 225 km/s, 255 km/s, 280 km/s, 310 km/s, 340 km/s, 440 km/s, 500 km/s, or a myriad of other magnitudes and directions of motion (Figure 10.3 and Chart 10.5). In which specific direction is the Earth absolutely moving: forward, backwards, upwards, downwards, obliquely, some other direction; at what specific speed, and relative to what (Figure 10.6)? No one will ever know the answers to these questions, because there is no absolute answer. If these questions cannot even be answered with specific motions and directions, how could M & M be expected to detect and measure them (Figure 10.7)? Similarly, how could all of the relative velocities of the Earth be detected and measured as one specific absolute velocity ‘v’ in one specific direction? They could not.
We must also ask the question: Why did Michelson’s apparatus neither detect nor measure any of these other relative velocities of the Earth by means of a fringe shift? Not only did Michelson’s apparatus fail to detect the Earth’s perceived orbital motion of 30 km/s relative to the Sun, it also failed to detect any and all of the Earth’s other relative motions as well. All of these other relative motions (or changes of the Earth’s relative position over time) are equally as real as the Earth’s solar orbital “motion.”
If the mirrors in Michelson’s apparatus were a priori displacing at the specific magnitude and in the specific direction of their solar orbit, then they must also be displacing in the specific direction of all of the Earth’s countless other relative motions, and at an infinite number of different specific magnitudes of velocity, all at the same time. This, of course, is an impossibility. If Michelson’s mirrors a priori could not displace in an infinite number of different specific magnitudes and different specific directions of relative motion at the same time, why should we assume that they are selectively displacing from a light ray at only one specific magnitude (30 km/s) and in only one specific direction of relative motion (the Earth’s solar orbital motion)? How could anyone expect Michelson’s apparatus to select and detect just one of such relative velocities (vis., the Earth’s solar orbital motion at 30 km/s), to the exclusion of all of the others? Why should we assume that this impossible selective displacement could be detected? In retrospect, the attempts by Michelson to detect and measure only the Earth’s solar orbital velocity at 30 km/s by the interference method was logically doomed to failure from the start. Again, it was truly a mission impossible.
How could the Earth’s motion (its change of position) in space, relative to just one of this infinite number of possible reference bodies (i.e. the Sun), create a specific physical change in the finite distance between two relatively stationary mirrors on Michelson’s apparatus which would result in a greater time interval of light propagation? Could the specific magnitude and direction of velocity of the Earth relative to the most distant observed galaxy in the cosmos (over 12 billion light years away) cause the assumed specific physical displacement (or any displacement) of such terrestrial mirrors relative to the propagation of the light pencils on Earth? The answer is obviously, no. The same answer follows for each of the infinite number of other possible reference bodies that are co-moving in all directions of the cosmos. Why should our Sun as reference body be specially favored? What is the mechanism for how a physical displacement of mirrors on the Earth can be created at a distance?
From the above discussion, another important conclusion becomes quite obvious. The infinite relative motions (changes of relative position) of all other celestial bodies in the Solar System and in the Universe (including the Sun) are totally irrelevant to the finite time interval which a light ray must propagate over the finite distance between two relatively stationary mirrors on the surface of the Earth, or anywhere else (Figure 10.8).
There is a tremendous difference between the enormous systems of the Solar System, the MW Galaxy and the Cosmos on one hand, and the small finite system of M & M’s apparatus on the other hand. In the enormous and infinite systems, we do not and cannot know any absolute velocities or directions of velocities of the Earth or any other body. Everything is relative. There is no absolute body of reference from which to make such absolute judgments.
But in the very small system of M & M’s apparatus, we know the exact distance between the light source and the mirrors, and the relative direction of the light rays between them. We do not observe the mirrors to physically displace from the light source nor from the tip of the propagating light ray in any direction of the Earth’s motion through space. Rather we observe such mirrors and such light source to be stationary with respect to the Earth, and stationary with respect to each other. Therefore, we must assume that there is no greater distance or time interval that a light ray must propagate to and fro in any direction within this small finite system, regardless of any assumed velocities (relative changes of position) of the Earth, any assumed magnitudes or directions of such velocities, or any assumed changes of relative position of bodies in the enormous systems.
This was the empirical result of the M & M experiments. In the absence of any convincing empirical proof to the contrary, the M & M empirical null results must be believed. The primary reason that anyone believed otherwise was because of the myth of stationary ether and the invalid computations that were made based on that false belief. Because we now know that there is no ether, such false beliefs and invalid computations must also be abandoned. It follows that Fitzgerald’s, Lorentz’s and Einstein’s contraction concepts of desperation, invented to explain such false assumptions and computations, must also be abandoned.
In retrospect, it also becomes obvious that Maxwell’s, Michelson’s, Lorentz’s and Einstein’s above theoretical assumptions, mathematical computations, and contraction concepts were not only absurd; they were also totally meaningless with regard to the M & M experiments. If they were meaningless, then we must disregard them and turn to more tangible and empirical criteria in order to fully understand the real reasons for the M & M null results. We will further discuss these real reasons in detail in Chapters 11 and 12.
Aside from our discussion of the M & M paradox and its possible solutions, what is the primary lesson to be learned from this chapter? Such important lesson is: always trust observation and empirical results over theoretical prophesies and mathematical computations. | <urn:uuid:32bd36c7-68e7-44be-a73c-eefa0117ef5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://relativityoflight.com/chapter-10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.927085 | 7,891 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Saint FlorianRegular price $84.95
Known as the patron saint of Austria, firefighters, and floods, Saint Florian was a Roman soldier who defied orders to persecute Christians. Here, he is captured in bronze dousing flames with a bucket of water. The St. Florian cross is still widely used as the symbol of firefighting in the US.
- Cold cast bronze.
- 9'' L x 4¾'' W x 6½'' H. | <urn:uuid:ba4eeee8-8bc8-47c2-97b3-0a91a49114f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.creationsandcollections.com/products/us20128 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.933921 | 108 | 1.875 | 2 |
Georgy Kuruvila Roy
What if the real tragedy of the demonetization drive is not our wait for the introduction and regular circulation of new notes so that our life can go back to normal, but the terrifying realization that such notes are going to change the form of money exchange? Doesn’t Paytm’s ad-line ‘Atm nahin paytm karo’ capture our predicament perfectly?
The point of the cashless economy is not that we are going to abolish money but that money is going to change its form: from paper to digital technology. Within this formal change of the concept of money there is another more important change of form that money undergoes: from a public commodity to a private one. In other words if the paper form of money was owned by the state the digital form will be owned by private companies like Paytm, Oxygen etc.
What are the consequences of this change of form from public to private? For every exchange or transfer of money we have to pay money to private companies because the social authority that validates this exchange is not a public one but a private one. In other words our hard earned money is in the hands of private companies and to spend that we have to pay money to these companies. Earlier with the so called free market reforms if we had lost our roads and other public sector companies, with demonetization we lose the most sublime resource of our sovereign state: Money.
Thus isn’t this the real tragedy of the demonetization drive? Once this comes into being along with our expenses on toll, rising prices of food and everyday articles, we have one more added expense: pay money to exchange our money, for money can no more be said to be ours (public’s), it is either his or hers.
What is the solution? With all the devastating consequences of this particular drive the state did make a few pronouncements that are significant to us who belong to the left. Firstly, the state said that we don’t have to pay toll on highways till next month. Secondly, we don’t have to pay money for non parent bank ATM withdrawals for one month. Doesn’t these proposals remind us of the erstwhile welfare state measures which we communists and social democrats had given up as impossible? The paradox of the entire situation is clearly visible; it is the same state which advocates free market capitalism that brought out these too. Isn’t there a catch here? Modi only gives these welfare benefits for one month, we should struggle to make it permanent, precisely because it will reduce price rise. The same should be done with the digital form of money too, because what is at stake here is not just price rise but the sovereignty of our nation state. By transforming money into a private form hasn’t the most beloved son of mother India betrayed her? This is precisely why we should struggle for our commons for it transforms our lives and also it is a struggle for our sovereignty against capitalism’s increasingly widening tentacles: for money is a public property and not your private fantasy: if we don’t engage in this public which we ourselves had given up we will be lost and would deserve to be lost, as Slavoj Zizek says.
Georgy Kuruvila Roy is pursuing PhD in CSSS, Kolkata.
Cartoon by Unnamati Syama Sundar. | <urn:uuid:094ba4e5-afa6-480d-875e-7c94cd391a71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.roundtableindia.co.in/demonetization-or-the-struggle-for-our-most-sublime-of-commons-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.951088 | 706 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Skip to 0 minutes and 16 seconds This MOOC is called Literature and Mental Health, and I think it’s a unique course. I think, for me, literature is inspirational. It’s healing. It can help us not feel alone. It may have been written 400 years ago, and yet, it still speaks to me today. Literature provides a unique insight into other minds. You will be able to think afresh and gain new understand of some of the really difficult mental health questions that we all have to face. Each week takes a different theme, such as stress, dementia, heartbreak, bereavement, and then we built that week around poems that we think will be relevant, helpful. We get moving testimony from the writer and broadcaster Melvyn Bragg.
Skip to 1 minute and 6 seconds We also speak to the great actor Ian McKellen and Stephen Fry gave us a very moving interview. He loves poetry, and he talked to us about the ways in which poetry has helped him through bouts of depression. The doctors that we’re working with on the course are incredibly interested in the ways in which literature can be used for science and for medicine. We think that the kind of concentration provided by a short poem is of enormous value in stressful times.
Skip to 1 minute and 38 seconds We also have a range of other texts, though you don’t have to read the whole novel. We’ll have extracts up online. There will be reading lists, and there’ll be extra activities if you wanted to do more. So I’m seeing this as a very scalable, very flexible course. Learners become part of the community where you share experiences with others. It can be a genuine dialogue, not only between the past and the present, but also among the learners. | <urn:uuid:63423e8f-2aee-476b-8ee3-173621f23404> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/literature?utm_source=OpenCulture&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=LitSept16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.97534 | 372 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Much like a boundary survey, a topographic survey is prepared to locate natural and man-made features on a particular piece of land. The topographic survey is different in a sense that the elevation of the surface of the land is surveyed and represented with either contour lines and/or spot elevations on the resulting map. The topographic survey usually includes underground features (storm and sanitary sewers, utility lines, etc.) and above ground improvements like buildings, utility poles, pavement, etc.
Topographic surveys are usually carried out in order to have a specific record of the current conditions of a piece of land that is about to undergo some type of construction activity. Designers, Engineers, and Architects use a topographic survey as the starting surface of their design and then plan what the proposed final surface will be like according to it.
Often a topographic survey is very beneficial on a severely limited site. The site might be limited by difficult terrain, existing features or adjacent structures. A precise topographic survey will assure that the designed improvement will fit on the site within those conditions.
Examples of Topographic Surveys: | <urn:uuid:42bfbad2-aed4-4add-ae04-be0234a36a89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hm-surveying.com/topographic-surveys/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.931682 | 235 | 3.828125 | 4 |
This blog post was originally posted on Elephant Journal in 2012 here. Currently, working on a new updated response to this.
At some point most parents with the question of video games and kids. As a lifelong gamer and technology evangelist, sharing games with my kids is an amazing experience. It started when Alex and I drove 30 minutes to score a Wii one early Sunday morning and has accelerated with the growth of gaming on the iPad/iPod/iPhone. We play games as a family and equally enjoy hanging out while we all indulge in our own “screen time.” Video games are truly state of the art when it comes to technology, the current gaming experience is simply amazing, I am not sure we understood what was possible when we started playing Pong decades ago.
Over the last few months I have been thinking a lot about success, what does it look like and how do we achieve it. This evolved into a conversation with Alex, at eight and a half years old he contributed some of the more brilliant ideas below. My friend Kim’s son submitted a long list of reasons the family would be better if he got a new gaming system for Christmas (this article would have been a great resource for him). I laughed when I read his powerpoint, it was brilliant! If you want your kids to compete in this quickly evolving world, video games will jump start their education and empower them to be the leaders of tomorrow.
Why do we want our kids to play video games?
- Dexterity. When I was a kid we played Atari and Coleco Vision, basically a joystick and a button. Today kids are using touch screens and motion controllers, these force them to move and think in dimension instead of up, down, side to side and fire. Whether it is touching the screen or moving the device, games today make your fingers move faster, improving dexterity. Repetitive behavior, such as playing the same game with the same physical engagement frees our brain to relax, much the same way meditation does. Too much of anything is dangerous, when Alex has been playing video games too long he becomes grouchy and impatient. Just as you can get carpal tunnel syndrome from computing too much, you can hurt your thumbs playing Words With Friends or NBA Jams excessively.
- Reading Comprehension. Whether it is stats in sport games or dialog in an adventure game. I believe the secret to reading is to enjoy what you are reading. When I pick up reading comprehension workbooks, my stomach churns. Those books do not inspire kids to stay up late and finish the next chapter in their book, however reading the The Legend of Zelda or The Adventures of Rayman will teach your kids to read and motivate them to learn at the same time. My daughter can not read thru the levels of Rayman, I can either tell her not to play or help her read thru the levels until she can read them herself. Is this painful for me? A little, but as long as I keep it fun for her she will become a great reader (more likely from reading great children’s books, but the gaming can only help). If you are not a native English speaker, video games are a great way to improve your language acquisition!
- Improved Sight. Your eyes are a muscle, the complex graphics and rapid movements will strengthen these muscles potentially improving your eye sight. Colors, dimensions and depth change rapidly causing your eyes to focus frequently, strengthen your eye muscles – your brain can process more information than we know. There have been scientific studies done in this area with positive results. Run your own study by playing some games and seeing how long it takes for your eyes to become tired. Do this for a week and you will find you can play longer and you will be better at the games!
- Problem solving skills. Finishing a video game requires great problem solving skills. Each level requires unique solutions to pass, whether you are searching for a secret door or figuring out what combinations of moves will destroy the huge monster blocking your path. From issue spotting (I need to get thru that ring of fire to get to the next level) to creative solutions (I’ll jump on that platform moving towards the ring of fire so I can leap thru the burning ring) to time management (I have 3 minutes to complete this level), kids today are learning critical skills that will enable them to be great problem solvers.
- Analytical skills. Evaluating what is the best way to score the most points or how to finish the level the fastest teaches kids analytical thinking. Whether it is figuring out what combination of car, tires and engine are ideal in Need For Speed or which bonus to use in Bejeweled, their is strategy involved in every choice. Video gaming teaches kids to look at a situation and develop a strategy that will lead to a positive outcome. Once a strategy has been developed (if you are playing for points in Ms.Pacman, when you eat a power up you will time it so the Ghosts are close and you can eat 3-4 of them), the execution is easy and only limited by practice and a little bit of luck (yes, you were lucky when you barely caught the 4th Ghost for 1600 points). Kids will use their analytical skills they develop gaming on the basketball court and in the classroom at school.
- Decision Making. In life we make a lot of decisions, little decisions such as what sugar we buy to huge decisions such as where we live and what school our kids go to. In video games you learn to make decisions quickly, whether it is in your choice of weapon or whether to cross the bridge or not. Practice makes you a better decision maker and video games let you practice without real world consequences, learning to deal with failure and success are accelerated creating the ability to understand risk and reward with confidence. In yoga we are constantly pushing our bodies to “find a new edge” or get into that running man or side crow, the decision to use ease and grace in your practice instead of brute force may be the difference between a great class and a lingering injury. I am not saying you will prevent injuries on your yoga mat because you play video games, but rather better decision making skills due to playing video games may help reduce your physical injuries on the mat.
- Math Skills. Math is an important skill that our schools are failing at teaching. Whether you are letting your 5 year old play a basic math game on the iPod or you are calculating how many boosts you need to get to the next level or you are analyzing angle and velocity necessary to topple the building and destroy the fat green pigs in Angry Birds, developing math skills is not an accident. Did you ever play Tank? Learning how to use angles of reflection can be fun! Video games make math normal and fun, rather than a miserable experience in memorization. Some of the highest level thinking in math requires abstract thinking and experimentation (Tetris anybody?). Video games teach us to think outside of the box and to try various combinations until we unlock the right match. If kids knew that math could be as fun as video games we’d have more mathematicians in society.
- Practice. How do you get to Carnegie Hall the violinist asked the cab driver, practice practice practice he responded! Video games reinforce the concept of practice will improve performance, you know this from your yoga practice! We tell our kids, practice writing your letters and your handwriting will get better or practice writing your essays before taking the test and you will score higher. When we practice yoga, we acknowledge the growth and change that comes from our commitment to breath, body and soul – this growth comes from consistently practicing over an extended period of time. More kids have learned the value of practice from playing Super Mario Brothers than we care to acknowledge, but it isn’t easy to beat level one without practicing (when you will have to jump on mushrooms in life I am not sure). Video games and practice go hand and hand, make it easy for your kids to understand the value of practice…encourage them to play video games!
- Failure. Handling success can be difficult, nobody likes it when you dunk the ball and pump your fist and shout “In Your Face!” – whether it is in the video game or the boardroom after closing a deal. However, learning how to handle failure is critical to success. When a stock you’ve bought sinks 20% in 3 days or the magazine you publish becomes to expensive to print, how you handle failure is a skill you can learn. It didn’t take you many quarters to learn how to adapt to failure in Ms.Pacman, nor does it take kids long to handle defeat in Madden Football. Whether it is creative problem solving, analysis or simply practice, learning how to fail in video games is making the next generation of kids valuable resources we will need to succeed. Adaptation is a combination of nature and nurture, video games teach these skills to kids quickly and easily.
- Socialization. Gaming has always been a social experience, whether it is old ladies playing Mah Jong or Poker Night, or the kids are taking turns playing the Wii (Just Dance?) or you are playing with your friends in different countries on the PS3 or you are playing Words With Friends on your iPhone against your Facebook friends. Gaming is a social experience and a great way to get to know your friends better. It may simply be the shared experience of playing, giving advice on how to play a game or “talking shit” during the game. We should encourage our kids to play games for many of the same reasons we send them to school, we want them to be social. When we teach someone how to play a game we learn to communicate and participate in a process, sometimes with people and sometimes alone – this sharing of experience and knowledge will extend into every aspect of our kids academic and eventually professional experiences.
Last but not least, playing video games is a lot of fun! Life is hard enough, if you can find release and joy in playing video games…enjoy it! Watch the games your kids play and discuss the games with your kids, you will see how their brains are working and help them understand what they are doing. Maybe next time they will take an interest in your life and what you are doing! Games are an easy way to bond and connect – whether it is family, old friends or new friends. Share this article and tell me what game you are playing today!!! | <urn:uuid:1b0e7cbf-8159-4bae-bc58-3398d8f5da55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sonicallstar.com/10-secrets-to-make-learning-fun-for-our-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957586 | 2,133 | 2.140625 | 2 |
For a donation of $90 to WRCJ – only $7.50 per month – we’d be happy to send you the book “How to Build an Orchestra.” Order Yours Now. Perfect for children ages seven and up, this beautifully illustrated story follows a conductor who is auditioning each instrument for his orchestra, building to a performance of two pieces of classical music. With two CDs and links to downloadable music, follow our conductor on his journey and discover the beautiful music of an orchestra. With pictograms of a full-size symphony orchestra and information on all of the instruments and music featured, as well as a foreword by Sir Simon Rattle, renowned Music Director of the London Symphony Orchestra, this is the must-have book on the makeup of an orchestra and its instruments for children aged 7+. Be sure to ask for “How to Build an Orchestra” and introduce a child in your life to the loves of reading and classical music.
To view all our thank-you gifts at various giving levels, visit wrcjfm.org – click on “Donate Now” in upper right corner and then click on “View Thank-You Gifts.” | <urn:uuid:4c14db2b-60b2-414f-be91-aa35c4643986> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wrcjfm.org/2022/07/cool-gift-idea-for-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942381 | 248 | 1.984375 | 2 |
|Publicado en||In book: Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services (pp.22), Chapter: 2|
Paruelo, J.M. and Vallejos, M.
|Año de publicación||2014|
University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Policies aimed at integrating social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainability have to explicitly consider evaluating the influence of human activities on the provision of ecosystem services (ESs). The decision-making process for land use planning requires ES inventory along with an estimation of the ES provision rates and the effects of related human activities. ESs are commonly evaluated on the basis of indicators that do not provide a proper representation of the whole territory and/or do not capture. | <urn:uuid:f32121e8-393d-4d04-8af4-0bfd85d3eed7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.iai.int/es/article/detail/ecosystem-services-related-to-carbon-dynamicsits-evaluation-using-remote-sensing-techniques-book-chapter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.674213 | 206 | 2.109375 | 2 |
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-Mapped by Trung Q. Le
- Distance: 9.0
Location: 45.4849700927734, -110.980499267578
Head S on Blackmore Trail under an evergreen canopy
Location: 45.4835014343262, -110.980697631836
Straight on Blackmore Trail @ 3-way. In 130 ft., straight again @ 3-way. Gradual ascent to Blackmore Lake continues
Location: 45.4819984436035, -110.97859954834
Straight @ 4-way, crossing an old forest road
Location: 45.4692802429199, -110.984001159668
Lodgepole pine and Douglas fir are reflected in Blackmore Lake’s glassy waters on R. Continue heading SW
Location: 45.466251373291, -110.985801696777
Straight on Blackmore Trail @ 3-way. Leave woods for alpine meadows
Location: 45.4532203674316, -110.981101989746
Trail proceeds S toward Elephant Mtn. Ahead, leave ridge for .3-mi. descent to drainage
Location: 45.4436340332031, -110.981597900391
Trail swings R, heading W below Elephant Mtn.’s summit ridge
Location: 45.445369720459, -110.991188049316
Turn L (SW)
Location: 45.4408531188965, -110.994972229004
Climb switchbacks to saddle between Mt. Blackmore and Elephant Mtn.
Location: 45.4382705688477, -110.994499206543
Saddle: Go straight @ 3-way toward Blackmore; 550 ft. of climbing left
Location: 45.4446487426758, -111.003700256348
Mt. Blackmore: This 10,154-ft. peak sits on the NW wing of the Gallatin Range, a string of mountains stretching from Yellowstone to Livingston. Snap photos then descend back to trailhead
Location: 45.4701118469238, -110.984344482422
Conifers are reflected in lake’s glassy waters.
Location: 45.4388313293457, -110.997497558594
Mt. Blackmore from the saddle connecting Blackmore and Elephant Mtn.
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