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The Life and Contributions of Sojourner Truth
This article looks at the life and legacy of Sojourner Truth.
Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 but escaped to freedom in 1826. Throughout her life, she fought for the rights of women and African Americans.
Sojourner Truth was born in the state of New York. She was born into a slave family and was eventually sold to a slave trader. She escaped from… | <urn:uuid:6e3a55aa-f4d7-4534-a8ba-e8722daf2b56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jeannettemm.medium.com/the-life-and-contributions-of-sojourner-truth-ae942eeb5a84?source=read_next_recirc---------2---------------------80f32af7_5388_44d0_89fb_9e1cabe05e63------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.983002 | 97 | 3.125 | 3 |
Car crashes do not always result in injuries, motorcycle accidents rarely do not. With few protections, motorcyclists involved in a crash are at high risk for injury. And many of them are quite serious. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) reports that a death is 27 times more likely in a motorcycle crash.
As a motorcyclist in California, you must follow traffic laws, wear safety gear, and ride smartly. This will decrease your chances of being in an accident. Still, you may not escape a ride unscathed. Here are some of the more common motorcycle accident injuries we see:
Head injuries are the most common injury type motorcyclists receive. A hit, puncture, or violent shake can be very serious. The injured rider is at risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI). This may be internal bleeding or a concussion. In this case, the rider needs emergency services ASAP for treatment. These injuries can have long-term consequences including permanent disability.
Head injuries are also a leading cause of motorcyclists’ deaths. The easiest way to reduce the risk of a fatal head injury is to wear a helmet. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that helmets reduce the risk of death by 37 percent, and reduce the risk of head injury by 69 percent.
Thoracic injuries refer to injuries either in the thoracic spine (mid-region of the spine) or to the thoracic cavity, otherwise known as the chest cavity. These injuries may include:
- Fractures to vertebrae within the thoracic spine;
- Fractures to ribs;
- Direct damage to lungs or airways; and
- Clavicle fractures.
These injuries can be very serious. They may lead to internal bleeding, a spinal cord injury, pain, and more. Also, a crash could lead to paralysis or death, too.
External Injuries and Injuries to Extremities
External injuries and injuries to extremities are also common. These types of injuries might include:
- road rash
- bone fractures
- amputation or crush injuries
- facial injuries
These injuries are very painful. They can be life-threatening, too. Severe bleeding or fracture leading to puncture of an internal organ could be fatal.
An experienced motorcycle accident lawyer can ensure you have the compensation needed to recover. | <urn:uuid:0f70468a-4afc-4572-bb94-0b9294092b84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.belizlaw.com/guides/california-motorcycle-accidents/common-types-injuries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.946251 | 504 | 2.375 | 2 |
Bulb in administration: What does it mean for you?
- Credit: PA
Britain's seventh biggest energy supplier has gone into administration.
Bulb provides gas and electricity to 1.7 million households but has gone into administration after being squeezed out of the market.
The company said today, November 22: "If you’re a Bulb member, please don’t worry, as your energy supply is secure and all credit balances are protected.”
Customers of Bulb need to know:
- You do not need to take action, Bulb will operate as usual
- Bulb will contact you if you need to do anything
- You will still have gas and electricity
- You will be moved to another supplier
- All credit balances will be protected and prices will remain the same, top-ups will also continue as normal
- Only call if it’s an emergency, you’re in a vulnerable situation or you're struggling to pay your bills
Ofgem will be appointing a special administrator to protect customers, they will move their 1.7 million households to other suppliers.
Bulb is the largest of more than 20 energy suppliers that have gone into administration since September 2021 as gas prices rose.
- 1 Illegal Dagenham puppy farm owners sentenced
- 2 Dagenham fire families receive thousands in donated cash
- 3 Item thrown from A13 bridge smashes windscreen and injures driver
- 4 Hammers stars surprise hospital patients and staff
- 5 Liz Truss visits Dagenham youth centre on Tory leadership campaign trail
- 6 'An incredible privilege’: Dagenham and Rainham MP Jon Cruddas on 21 years of service
- 7 Extreme heat: Met Office issues warning as temperatures set to soar
- 8 Young children in east London to be offered polio booster jabs
- 9 Jailed: Eight east London offenders locked up in July
- 10 Dagenham man fined £15k for building a two-bed flat in his garden
The collapse of smaller companies creates a domino effect, putting too much pressure on an otherwise stable supplier.
The special administrator will continue to run the company until it can be sold off, the customers join another supplier, or it can be restructured. | <urn:uuid:c4770ed6-8132-492c-a2f7-e1bdfcfd1b03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.barkinganddagenhampost.co.uk/news/business/bulb-uk-energy-supplier-goes-into-administration-8508052 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.933593 | 471 | 1.898438 | 2 |
AMD has its own announcements about power consumption for the International Solid-State Circuits Conference this week. A few days ago we reported on Intel’s success integrating Wi-Fi transceivers into the CPU to reduce power consumption. Cyclos Semiconductor discussed their resonant clock mesh (RCM) technology which reduces waste energy dissipated when keeping the chip synchronized. AMD announced that this technology would be introduced in their upcoming Piledriver APUs and Opteron processors.
Excuse me, good sir. Do you have the time?
Tom’s Hardware put up an article to discuss the announcement with a small explanation of what is going on.
Inductive-capacitive oscillators are leveraged in mesh-based high-performance clock distribution networks to deliver "high-precision timing while dissipating almost no power." In effect, RCM promises to recycle clock power to enable lower power consumption or higher clock speeds.
For a more specific explanation, I turned to Josh Walrath. Chips are timed by a clock signal — any overclocker will attest to that. Over time chips became larger and more complex which of course requires a larger and more complex system to propagate the clock signal through. Slowly but surely those circuits became large enough that the energy they dissipate simply by being powered becomes less and less negligible.
What Cyclos contributes is cleverly using inductor-capacitor circuits to keep the energy stored in the clock circuit mesh. With more of the energy stored in the mesh it just requires a small energy shove to trigger the signal after the initial charge. Also, less energy lost also means less heat dissipation which helps your battery as well as your heatsink.
Cyclos Semiconductor states that power savings are between 5 to 30 percent dependent on the chip design. In AMD’s case, they expect approximately 5 to 10 percent power savings in their Piledriver implementation. While AMD is the first implementation of Cyclos’ technology, it is not known what Intel currently has done or will potentially do to solve the problem. | <urn:uuid:2459bbc6-c4a3-4523-b7b2-007d57a81b53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pcper.com/2012/02/amd-and-cyclos-reduces-clock-power-usage-with-piledriver/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958123 | 423 | 2.609375 | 3 |
When it comes to your dog’s daily routine, there is a lot of room for improvement. Your pup deserves the best, and that starts with a well-thought out schedule for their day. In this blog post we will provide you with a few tips on how to improve your dog’s daily routine in order to help them live a happier life!
How to Improve Your Dog’s Daily Routine?
If they seem bored, try play time or a walk. Keep them on their regular diet and don’t change it up with new food just because it seems like something fun to do. When you’re home, give them your undivided attention so they know that they are loved and cared for.
Take them in the car when you travel so they can experience different places. This will help tire them out mentally and physically since most dogs need exercise every day, even … | <urn:uuid:6e4a63d8-6d94-4902-bc51-def063ea5dfb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://banggiachungcu.net/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.96819 | 187 | 1.546875 | 2 |
In Viet Nam, UN Women contributes to the development objectives of Viet Nam’s Socio-Economic Development Plan and the National Strategy for Gender Equality. Its Country Strategy Note for 2016-2021 is aligned to the upcoming One Strategic Plan 2016-2021 and is focus on supporting Viet Nam’s fulfilment of Gender Equality commitments under CEDAW, and the promise of the 2030 Development Agenda to “leave no one behind”.
The key priorities of UN Women in the 2016-2021 period are, (i) to support transformation of government’s growth policies and related key sectoral policies such as rural development, labour and employment, Climate Change (CC), and disaster risk reduction and management (DRR/M) to progressively promote women’s economic security and resilience; (ii) deepen the implementation of CEDAW recommendations and the gender targets of SDGs that will ensure that gains in the elimination of discrimination and violence against women and girls are sustained and deepened.
The overarching goal for the first priority area is that “Women are economically empowered and resilient to economic shifts, disasters and climate change”. UN Women will support efforts both by government and civil society to strengthen legislation and policies related to promoting and protecting women’s livelihoods and economic opportunities, including in the context of DRR/M and CC, so that they are gender responsive and in accordance with international normative frameworks and human rights standards. UN Women will also support key institutions provide effective services that support women’s economic empowerment and resilience building, including in reducing women’s vulnerabilities to economic shocks, disasters, and the effects of climate change. UN Women will also support efforts to promote private sector engagement through the Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs), as part of its WEE strategy.
Within the WEE portfolio, the project “Strengthening women’s livelihoods and participation for greater resilience to disasters and climate change in Viet Nam” (2018-2021), from here on “the climate-resilient livelihoods project”, aims to strengthen women’s livelihoods and participation for greater resilience to disaster and climate change in Viet Nam with focus on building both institutional capacity of Viet Nam Women’s Union as women’s agency and voices, and the individual capacity for local women in disaster prone areas to strengthen their resilience to climate change. At the policy level, it will work with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development to mainstreaming gender into the policy making process as well as enhancing capacity on gender responsiveness of MARD’s staff , to ensure that agriculture and rural development and disaster risk reduction policy is gender responsive and promotes women’s empowerment. At the local level, the intervention will help to generate evidence and good practices on alternative livelihood models for women, which will then feed into policy recommendations. It will also invest in communications to change community norms and attitudes toward gender equality and women’s roles in disaster risk reduction and agriculture and rural development.
Under the guidance and direct supervision of the Country Representative of UN Women Vietnam office, the Programme Analyst is responsible for managing the project on climate-resilient livelihoods. Among other, the Programme Analyst will: provide substantive technical support and management to the implementation of the climate-resilient livelihoods project; contribute technically to the development of programme strategies and project proposals in the area of WEE in the climate change context for the Vietnam Country Office; contribute to building strategic partnerships and resource mobilization strategies; contribute to inter-agency coordination on WEE; and provide substantive inputs to advocacy, knowledge building and communication efforts on WEE.
The Programme Analyst works in close collaboration the WeEmpower Asia Programme Manager on WEE coordination and synergy-building, and with the operations team and other programme staff in the Country Office. She/he also liaises with programme staff in other UN Agencies, and in the Regional Office and UN Women HQ as required. | <urn:uuid:76f16174-fd97-4cca-9d39-14348ab9592b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.besnet.world/jobs/programme-analyst-womens-economic-empowerment-climate-resilient-livelihoods/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.923868 | 811 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Class Assignments and Homework Philosophy
In-class and homework assignments are an important part of life at Lincoln High School. Assignments are designed to utilize, reinforce or expand upon the information in class lessons. Students are expected to complete and turn in all required assignments on time. This is critical to student success. Teachers are expected to do everything possible to help students complete assignments and are available before and after school to provide extra help. Students may be asked to come in before school or stay after school to receive extra help when necessary. Homework and outside assignments may be assigned at the discretion of the student’s teachers. Students not completing class work during class time are still responsible to complete it and turn it in
Requests for make-up assignments by parents may be made on the second day of the student’s absence and will be available for pick up the next day at the end of the school day. These assignments must be completed and returned before a request for further assignments will be honored. When students are absent, they miss class presentations, discussions, demonstrations, and activities all designed to help students learn. Much of this information cannot be duplicated by reading a textbook. Active participation in the classroom is a key element in student achievement. Students and parents are encouraged to keep student absenteeism to an absolute minimum. When a student is absent, make-up work is the student's responsibility and must be completed within a reasonable length of time as set by the teacher(s).
Student led conferences are scheduled in the fall and spring. Homeroom teachers will contact families to schedule conferences. We will make every attempt to accommodate family work schedules.
Fall Conferences - Week of October 5 to 8
Spring Conferences - Week of February 22 to 25
Progress Reports and Report Cards
All subjects will be evaluated with letter grades. The school year is divided into four quarters of approximately nine weeks in length. A report card with a final grade for each subject will be mailed at the end of each semester (18th week). Grades can also be accessed onl
B = Above Average F = Unacceptable Performance
C = Average P = Pass
If parents have questions or concerns about their child’s grades, they are encouraged to contact their child’s teachers and/or the office. | <urn:uuid:79071526-e899-4dc5-88f5-76d4382a86b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wallawallalincolnhs.org/about-our-school/academic-information | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957269 | 488 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Telehealth, telemedicine, and home-based telehealth work have grown dramatically in recent years. These programs enable nurses to provide patient care remotely from a medical office or their own home. Research shows telehealth programs have many benefits for patients and healthcare organizations.
But whether telehealth nurses work from home or an office, they’re at risk for negative health effects of a sedentary job. For decades, we’ve known a sedentary lifestyle doesn’t promote good health. Research shows prolonged sitting can cause various health problems. According to Marc T. Hamilton, PhD, an inactivity physiology researcher, sitting is the new smoking. Prolonged sitting increases risk for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiac abnormalities and may reduce work productivity.
Fortunately, many of the health problems linked to a sedentary lifestyle are preventable, largely through strategies that center on balancing work and life. As most nurses know, promoting a work-life balance for yourself can be harder than advocating it for others. We’re great at coaching patients to modify their lifestyles, but sometimes find it hard to practice what we preach.
Working from home, as many telehealth nurses do, can bring its own challenges. Being isolated from coworkers and working longer hours than they would in an office environment can cause mental and physical stress and exhaustion. Work-at-home nurses also may have trouble compartmentalizing work and home responsibilities, which sets the stage for work-home conflict. A 2014 Swedish study found conflict between home and work can lead to burnout and depression. The perceived need to stay glued to the computer and phone can make it especially hard to get away from work demands.
To be more physically active, telehealth workers need to change their behavior and habits. For office nurses, employer-based strategies are needed. For home-based nurses, self-discipline is crucial.
Promoting health for office telehealth nurses
A national prevention initiative by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services focuses on promoting a healthier work environment by improving workers’ health. Created by the Affordable Care Act, this initiative focuses on establishing workplace programs and policies to improve the quality of life for workers. It encourages employers to become partners in health promotion by developing appropriate workplace policies and offering employees programs that help them make better health choices, reduce illness, and promote safety.
Creating a less sedentary work environment means getting employees to become more physically active and promoting ergonomic office-furniture design. The result is a win-win situation for all involved. More physically active employees can lead to a more productive work environment, in turn decreasing sick days and promoting healthy habits. (See Tools to improve the work environment.)
To help telehealth office workers become more physically active, employers can create walking paths and promote walking groups during lunch hours, provide better access to fitness facilities, and allow workers to use physical therapy equipment during lunch hours. Also, some employers offer physical challenge programs, such as walking or weight reduction, in which participants log their weight or miles walked. At the end of the challenge period, the winner receives a prize. Employers also may offer healthy practice tips to employees or stage demonstrations of healthy alternative cooking with free food samples and recipes. In addition, health insurance companies are offering incentives for reaching goals, as well as rewards for customers who complete an online health risk assessment and follow through with tips to promote change. The rewards may be money applied to copays, subsidized gym memberships, or free products, such as pedometers.
Here are more tips to keep you moving in your office-based telehealth job:
- Stand at your desk at least 5 minutes every hour to stretch and move your arms and legs. Brief periods of standing help renew concentration, improve motivation, and get those creative juices flowing.
- Take walks during 15-minute breaks.
- Stand when making your next phone call.
- Stage short meetings standing up.
- Walk to the water cooler for your next cup of water.
- Walk your patient out of your office.
- Try to arrange to work at home several days of the week.
- Instead of sending e-mails to coworkers, get up and go to their work locations to communicate face to face.
Promoting health for home telehealth nurses
Striving for a healthy work-life balance is especially vital for home telehealth workers. Stand for at least 5 minutes every hour to stretch and move around. Set an alarm on your clock, watch, or smartphone to go off every hour—a reminder that it’s time to get up and exercise. If you have a dog, take a break to walk it and get some fresh air. If you do yoga, try to squeeze in a session during your work hours.
During your lunch break, step away from your desk or take a walk. A change in scenery at mealtimes refreshes your mind. When possible, arrange to have lunch with a friend so you can focus on socializing instead of work. Also, make an effort to eat healthy foods and take better care of yourself.
Separate your home environment from your work. Create a designated area or room to be used solely for work—one that’s away from home distractions. At the end of your workday, stop taking work-related calls; have messages roll over to your answering system.
Also try these strategies:
- Instead of using the phone or going online for all work-related meetings, make a point to attend every other meeting in person.
- Don’t work past your regular work hours too often.
- When your workday ends, close the door to your designated workspace and start your personal life.
As a telehealth nurse, you play a valuable part in patient care—but you need to ensure your own health isn’t in peril from a sedentary lifestyle. Remember—movement is crucial to good health. For your physical, mental, and spiritual well-being, put your own health first and foremost no matter where you work. Taking care of others has always been the nurse’s mission, but telehealth nurses need to take care of themselves while promoting healthy lifestyle changes and practices for patients.
(Editor’s note: For more information on being healthy, read about ANA’s HealthyNurseTM program at www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/WorkplaceSafety/Healthy-Nurse.)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult obesity facts. Page last reviewed and updated September 9, 2014. www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html. Accessed September 23, 2014.
Blom V, Sverke M, Bodin L, et al. Work-home interference and burnout: a study based on Swedish twins. J Occup Environ Med. 2014;56(4):361-6.
Department of Health & Human Services. The Surgeon General’s Initiatives. www.surgeongeneral.gov/initiatives. Accessed September 23, 2014.
Neuhaus M, Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Eakin EG. Workplace sitting and height-adjustable workstations: a randomized control trial. Am J Prev Med. 2014;46(1):30-40.
Joni Moore-Resilard is a home telehealth care coordinator for the Department of Veterans Affairs, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Lake City VA Medical Center, in Lake City, Florida. | <urn:uuid:a57ef794-b792-4876-a0ff-d67600ce7fdd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.myamericannurse.com/staying-healthy-advice-telehealth-nurses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.941967 | 1,563 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Half of households in our region fear that rising energy costs are going to cause them to change their lifestyles. The figure emerged as more than one in every eight households in the UK worries they won't be able to afford the expected further increases in annual energy bills this autumn.
This comes after news that households could see annual energy bills rise to up to £3,850, or £500 per month, in January 2023. This is triple the average bill from the start of 2022, after energy prices have skyrocketed due to supply issues across Europe caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
The latest rebuilding Britain index surveying 20,000 people, conducted by Legal & General, offers insight into how UK households are feeling about the upcoming price hikes, after unprecedented increases over the last few months.
Over a quarter of households earning less than £20,000 fear that they will be unable to cope with higher bills, with families in the South West some of the least confident about covering the rising costs. Just 49% of households in the South West are confident that they will be able to maintain their current lifestyle in the coming year.
On top of this, almost 50% of British households are worried about paying their monthly rent or mortgage payments in the next year, as costs for a number of everyday essentials, like food, energy, and petrol climb ever higher. Many households will be forced to make cuts elsewhere in their budgets, as forecasts predict that inflation will hit 12% in autumn 2022.
Data from Legal and General shows that nearly 70% of the UK making additional cutbacks on household spending this year. This comes after the announcement that rising fuel and food prices have pushed the consumer price index's rate of inflation to a 40-year high of 9.4% in June of this year.
The UK government has put various schemes in place to attempt to alleviate the strain put on British budgets, including a £600 energy bill discount that will commence in October 2022 and a £650 DWP cost of living payment to go to households already receiving benefits.
Nonetheless, many consumers are being forced to make cut backs on everyday essentials, making choices like switching to low-budget supermarkets, avoiding buying luxury products, or an upward trend in buying secondhand cars. In fact, Legal and General also reported that more than one in ten UK households have nothing left to cut back on in the face of the spiralling costs of energy. | <urn:uuid:79d29756-3670-4b51-9d43-f8137a0a9efd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cost-of-living/over-one-eight-uk-households-7405778 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.976008 | 494 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Gardening in the Lower Midwest
A Practical Guide for the New Zones 5 and 6
Published by: Indiana University Press
224 Pages, 34 color illus.
- Published: September 1994
<P>"... a common-sense handbook for gardeners... It will help slacken the stress level that gardening was never meant to bring." —HortScience</P><P><BR>"[Diane Heilenman] gets to the heart, the soul and the humor shared by all in the gardening world... both a practical reference and an inspiration... " —The Herald-Times (Bloomington, IN)</P><P><BR>Diane Heilenman tells novice and experienced gardeners how to cope in this difficult and trying climate, create gardens appropriate for the region, and select flowers, plants, trees, and shrubs that will be happy—and in turn make us happy. The gardening columnist for the Louisville Courier-Journal, Heilenman is also a gifted thinker who grapples with what it means to garden in our time.</P> | <urn:uuid:47a1b09a-afee-4b6c-8310-8a9c2f7ac7bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iupress.org/9780253026620/gardening-in-the-lower-midwest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.885126 | 244 | 2.140625 | 2 |
CAMBRIDGE, England—Start-up electric aircraft manufacturers, such as Bye Aerospace and Pipistrel, have carved out a niche market for two- and four-seat planes, attracting the attention of traditional companies, such as Cessna and Piper, claims a new report from IDTechEx. According to "Manned Electric Aircraft: Smart City and Regional 2021-2041,” the next focus will be on two-propeller fixed-wing aircraft that seat up to 10 passengers.
However, many challenges face aerospace engineers, such as balancing aerodynamics and weight. For instance, larger battery-powered aircraft are usually required to go faster, but 50 percent faster means three times the battery power. With a conventional airframe, lithium-ion batteries are one-third of the weight.
In addition, a regional aircraft can have 500 kilometers of cabling. But, in cars, at least 50 percent of cable weight is eliminated by higher voltage, improved geometry and board-to-board wireless connection. In-mold electronics, structural batteries and large aluminum die-castings can also eliminate hundreds of parts. | <urn:uuid:3b0fd362-7c39-4c59-8366-69fd8fa4e153> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.assemblymag.com/articles/96579-electric-aircraft-take-to-the-skies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957983 | 231 | 2.515625 | 3 |
When you first glimpse this magnificent striped beast in the dappled sunlight of the Satpura Hills, you feel an explosion of body-shaking excitement. Then – and to be honest, the guidebooks never tell you about this bit – you sense a vaguely terrifying chill run up your spine and an entire swarm of butterflies fluttering in your stomach.
Witnessing a tiger’s power, size and majestic strength evokes deep respect and awe. It then turns to an overwhelming sensation of beauty and wonder. It’s one you’ll never forget.
Bandhavgarh National Park is a relatively small reserve with a thriving tiger population, so you’ll have a great chance of spotting one in the dense green valleys and arid rocky hills. There are more than 60 adult tigers roaming here, making it one of the most populous areas in the whole of India. But it won’t be all you see on your tour of Bandhavgarh by any means.
On a safari game drive, you won’t only have a chance to spot tigers. Leopards and panthers also compete with these magnificent beasts for the bountiful prey in the area: wild boar, sambal, chital and striped hyena. And in the skies and trees, there are literally hundreds of species of birds, from peacocks and eagles to kingfishers and hornbills.
They’re each wonderful and amazing to catch of a glimpse of. But going eye to eye with a tiger, that creature of folklore? Well, that’s an opportunity you’d be mad not to take. The wildlife of Bandhavgarh is what’s going to draw you to visit this magical place. The tigers, panthers and leopards of the hills and jungle will leave a paw print on your memory. But to get the full experience of Bandhavgarh, it’s fascinating to visit some of the local villages – and the ancient ruins of the fort.
Bandhavgarh Fort, set in the lush hills of the national park, is thought to be 2,000 years old and is the oldest fort in India. Once a business centre for traders, the romantic ruin has revealed many statues and ancient coins that prove its historical and economic importance. The only residents of the place now are still of great importance; species of rare and endangered vulture circle above the fort, apparently keeping an eerie watch.
There are villages around the edge of the park that have been there for hundreds of years, and whose tribespeople still practice age-old farming methods with traditional – but basic – tools. It’s like a step back in time to stroll down the sleepy lanes, passing single-storey houses made with cow dung, their tiled roofs overrun with pumpkin and bitter gourd vines.
Explore our India Holidays, created by us and tailored by you.
Is your inner tiger raring to go? Are you feeling inspired by the wild? Have a read of our blogs to see what other people love about Bandhavgarh.
If you’re looking to track a tiger or tail an elephant, India is the place to go.
Having just done the trip herself, our content and marketing assistant, Kiera, has returned from India with all the Tigers Itinerary intel that you could possibly need.
"It was to be a moment that I would remember forever and not a very dignified one at that. The words “a tiger ma'am” and frenzy struck."
If the Earth’s the body, then India's the soul - a land of spirituality, contrasts and culture.
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Where are you going to go?EXPLORE HOLIDAYS | <urn:uuid:01287813-aa47-49f5-8ba2-4c00d632e907> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.merakitravel.co.uk/india/bandhavgarh | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.926937 | 828 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The auto is a ground-moving vehicle that carries the vehicle driver and also a small number of travelers. It is additionally commonly designed to bring minimal amounts of freight. In recent years, the auto has ended up being a common mode of transportation for the public. Various kinds of vehicles are readily available. These automobiles are identified according to their purpose. Generally, an automobile carries one to four individuals, however it can carry much more. In the United States alone, concerning 3 trillion miles are driven annually.
An auto is a wheeled car made to travel when traveling. Various sorts of automobiles have different attributes, such as a retracting roofing or numerous wheel. Some designs have three wheels or four, that makes them very easy to maneuver in tight rooms. A lot of automobiles are moved by interior combustion engines, but are often powered by vapor or electric motors. The power of an auto can differ from under 50 horsepower in older vehicles to over 200 horsepower in large automobiles.
The car is a self-propelled car, developed for metropolitan use. There are different kinds, each with different functions. Some automobiles are outfitted with a roofing, while others have several wheels. Furthermore, some autos have hydraulic systems. They can be powered by either vapor or electrical motors. The shapes and size of autos differ considerably. For the most part, a car has four wheels. They can be utilized for either two-wheel driving or four-wheeled driving.
A vehicle can be categorized as a self-propelled car with a vehicle driver and also a handful of guests. It can likewise be developed to lug restricted lots. A vehicle has a variety of qualities as well as features, including a roofing, brakes, and also suspension systems. A car can have three wheels or four. The automobile is normally thrust by an internal combustion engine. Some cars are powered by electric motors, while others make use of heavy steam.
The auto is a self-propelled lorry with 4 wheels as well as an engine that moves. Many types of autos are available. There are many different versions, each with different functions and capabilities. Some have a retracting roofing system, while others have 3. The engine is the heart of a car. Its power ranges from under 50 horsepower to greater than 200 hp. Its weight is measured in kilos. A motor has a number of qualities.
A vehicle is a self-propelled lorry. It can move in any kind of instructions and also is suitable for streets. There are a number of different designs of this kind of automobile. Some have a retracting roof and also are developed to be made use of for transportation. Many cars are powered by interior combustion engines. Some are electric. They can also be manually driven. They are the most common type of cars when driving. The vehicle industry is the biggest worldwide.
The Automobile has come to be a necessity of life and is an essential part of modern-day culture. There are 1.4 billion auto when driving worldwide, with one-quarter of these offered in the United States alone. Most of these cars and trucks are made by foreign suppliers, with the U.S. consuming one-quarter of these. In the last years, suppliers have ended up being much more imaginative, presenting brand-new styles as well as attributes more often. Therefore, this market has branched out right into several niches.
The Automobile is a wheeled, self-propelled automobile that is suitable for driving on public roadways. The auto can be either 2- or three-wheeled, and also has differing propulsion and also braking systems. The engines in a vehicle are normally interior burning engines, yet can also be steam or electric. Their power ranges from under 50 horsepower to over 2 hundred horse power for the largest versions. Nonetheless, it is very important to keep in mind that a modern automobile will commonly have the ability to reach greater than 200 horse power.
An automobile is a self-propelled car with four wheels. It appropriates for transport on city roadways. There are several designs and also types of autos. Each of them has different features, such as a retracting roofing, 3 or even more wheels, and numerous braking as well as propulsion systems. The power of a car can range anywhere from under 50 horse power in older designs to over 2 hundred horse power in the most advanced models. The term “car” is stemmed from the Latin word autos (cars) + flexibility, or mobilism, which indicates wheelchair.
An automobile is a self-propelled car that has 4 wheels, is self-propelled, as well as is made to bring a motorist and also a handful of travelers. It additionally possesses the ability to carry a restricted amount of freight. The word ‘car’ originates from the Greek words autos – ‘wheel’, as well as’mobil’ – ‘to relocate’. The term ‘vehicle’ is a synonym for car as well as is made use of to describe the industry.
An automobile is a self-propelled vehicle with a minimum of four wheels, and is usually fueled by an internal burning engine. Its design is a feature of mankind’s need for wheelchair, as well as it is a requirement of modern-day society. A well-designed car is a crucial asset to individuals’s well-being. The lorry can be a lifeline in an emergency or be a crucial piece of equipment in an emergency situation. Auto Wreckers
An automobile is a self-propelled vehicle that is suitabled for usage on the road. There are various kinds of automobiles. Each design has unique features, and all designs have various propulsion as well as stopping systems. An automobile is a self-propelled equipment that has at the very least two wheels. An auto is driven by an interior combustion engine, however it can additionally be powered by a vapor engine, electrical motor, or perhaps a combination of these. | <urn:uuid:0e27a0aa-1792-46fb-a1c4-f318146d2ec7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.folkelista.com/2022/01/13/never-tinker-vehicle-as-well-as-belows-the-reasons-why/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.977619 | 1,230 | 2.703125 | 3 |
A method of establishing characteristics of spontaneous and caloric nystagmus frequency as representation of the function of the vestibular-ocular system is proposed. The calculations are represented on a rectangular graphic scheme, ie, the butterfly chart. Butterfly vestibulometry offers two advantages to the examiner: (1) It is an easy method of synoptical recording of caloric nystagmus responses in an objective as well as quantitative manner, and (2) the responses are presented as an easily interpreted figure similar to the audiograms.
Claussen C, von Schlachta I. Butterfly Chart for Caloric Nystagmus Evaluation. Arch Otolaryngol. 1972;96(4):371–375. doi:10.1001/archotol.1972.00770090547015
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Customize your JAMA Network experience by selecting one or more topics from the list below. | <urn:uuid:1cf4ec6a-dd10-42f2-8714-ff3b16bee5d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/article-abstract/604417 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.85008 | 194 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Eating organic used to be a fringe commitment. Not anymore. The idea that the adage "you are what you eat" actually has merit that America's industrialized food system is making consumers—literally, consumers—obese, diabetic and primed for heart disease—has converted millions of us into pursuers of the American Organic Dream: Eat Organic To Live Longer and Better. But many aren't buying it. Most consumers, for example. Although sales of organic food increased sixfold over the last decade, organics are still a tiny fraction of the food Americans eat. Perhaps that's because organic food can cost up to twice as much as conventionally grown? Perhaps it's because—as critics of the organic food movement argue—there's just not a lot of solid evidence that going organic makes you any healthier. This side says the race by food makers to slap labels like "farm-grown,'" "free-range," and "all natural" is more about catching a fad than upgrading our food in any meaningful way. Should we all go organic, and pay the extra that it costs, because few things are more important than our health? Or is the organic movement, and the firms cashing in on it, hawking a hoax, or at least grossly overstating the biological benefits to be had when the chicken that we eat is raised with some more legroom?
There are a billion hungry people in the world—we cannot ignore the trade-offs of organic farming, which requires more land and leads to more soil erosion than conventional farming.
Against The Motion
Because organic farming prioritizes land conservation and biodiversity, it provides consumers the option of purchasing goods produced using environmentally conscious practices.
Pesticides, which are banned on organic farms, have been found to harm children and fetuses, and the runoff from their use creates dead zones, areas unable to foster non-algae life, in rivers and oceans.
Organic farm practices ensure animals are humanely raised and protect against antibiotic overuse, which has led to outbreaks of antibiotic resistant bacteria on conventional farms.
John Donvan: Welcome everyone to another debate from Intelligence Squared US, I’m John Donvan of ABC News, and once again I have the pleasure and th e honor of serving as moderator for the six debaters you see sharing the stage with me at the Skirball Center for the Performing Arts at New York University. Six debate rs, three against three, will be debating this motion, “Organic food is marketing hy pe.” Now, this is a debate. This is not a panel discussion or a seminar. It’s a contest. One team will win and the other will lose, and you in our live audience, several hundred of you, will be acting as our judges. By the time the debate has ended, you will have vot ed twice, once before and once again after you have heard their arguments to tell us whe re you stand on this issue. The team that has changed the most minds over the course of the debate will be declared our winner. So let’s now go to our preliminary vote. If you go to the keypads on the right arm of your chair, there a bunch of numbers but you only need to pay attention to 1, 2 and 3. Our motion again is, “Organic food is marke ting hype.” If you agree with the motion, please press number 1, if you disagree, pre ss number 2, and if you are undecided at this point, please press number 3. And if you f eel that you have made an error, just correct it and the system will lock in the last vot e that you recorded. So what we’re going to do is tabulate those votes and after opening rem arks I will share with you where the preliminary votes stands at that point. And so on to the debate. Round one: opening statem ents by each of the debaters in turn, seven minutes each. And we begin -- first I’d like to introduce Lord John Krebs, known just to us as John Krebs on this side of the pond, here in the colonies. John Krebs -- you can make your way to your lectern. John Krebs was chairman of Britain’s Food Standards Agency, which is like our Food and Drug A dministration, the FDA, except it was just the F, not the D. And John, you were not chairman in 2009. You had left the board, but it made a very -- it sent a thunderbolt to the system when it came up with astudy of a comparison -- nutritional comparison bet ween conventional and organic food and concluded what? John Krebs: That there was no difference in the health benefits .
John Donvan: Which rolled like thunder through the movement. La dies and gentlemen, John Krebs.
[applause] John Krebs: Thank you very much, John, for those words of intro duction. And I should emphasize to all of you, do feel free to applaud at any time dur ing my seven minutes.
[laughter] John Krebs: I start off with a disadvantage because, as Bernard Shaw said -- George Bernard Shaw -- we are two nations divided by a common language. So I hope that you will understand what I am saying even though I am speaking the Engl ish that occurs on the other side of the pond. Let me explain first of all where I’m com ing from in this. As the former head of the Food Standards Agency, I am not anti organic, a bsolutely not anti organic. But what I am is pro accurate consumer information, I am pro h ealthy eating, and I am pro scientific dispassionate analysis of the facts. I’ve got no ve sted interest. It makes no difference to me whether or not you eat organic food, but I do so metimes get angry about the marketing hype. And let me give you a for instance. Just last week I was watching a television show about diet and health, and on the show there was a woman who was working for a low income, and she had three children, and she said to the int erviewer, “I feel really guilty because I cannot afford the organic food to feed my children a healthy diet.” And that made me really cross, because she didn’t need to buy organi c food to feed her children a healthy diet, although -- according to the surveys -- six i n ten Americans who buy organic food believe they’re getting a healthier option. And th ey are paying for it, because when you go shopping, if you buy organic food, you spend $1. 60 for every dollar you would have to spend buying exactly the equivalent food produce d conventionally. So, is it worth paying the extra for health benefits? The answer i s a plain, straightforward, simple “no”.
[applause] John Krebs: Why do I say that? I say that because I’ve scrutin ized the evidence. Now if you look at the evidence, you have to ask yourselves two questi ons: who is saying it, and why are they saying it? And of course, if you listen to th e organic sector that has a vested interest, they will pick and choose the evidence that support s their case, and no doubt we’ll hearthat later on this evening. But I prefer to believ e those groups of people who are independent, impartial, objective groups of scienti sts put together by official agencies to study the evidence with no side one way or the othe r. And it’s not just the U.K. Standards Agency that John referred, but at the las t count, in eight different countries where the federal or national agencies have looked at this issue, in every case they have come to the same conclusion: there is no health ben efit of eating organic food when compared with conventional food. Furthermore, and this is a really important point, in the U.K. we have an advertizing standards watchdog, and a few years ago they penalized our two major supermarket chains for advertizing an d claiming that organic food is healthier, and they were stopped. Those supermarket chains were stopped from making t hat claim. And note this: they did not come back with a legal challenge. Why did they not come back with a legal challenge? Because there was no case to defend. T here was no evident to support their case that would stand up in a court of law. So wha t are the supposed benefits, health benefits of organic food? Some people think that i t’s more nutritious, that it may contain more of those essential micronutrients, vitamins, or antioxidants that are supposed to protect us against cancer. But when you look at al l the evidence together, sometimes organic food does contain more, sometimes it contai ns less, but taking the picture in the round, there is no -- absolutely no -- consistent d ifference. What about safety of food? Because some people say, “Well maybe I ought not to take the risk. Organic food is more natural. It’s safer.” And indeed in Britain 70 percent of the baby food sold is organic because parents are worried about what they ’re feeding their children. Well what are these safety issues? One thing that people are concerned about is pesticide residues. Maybe the vegetables or the fruit that’s been spray ed in a conventional farm leave tiny residues on the surface that you may eat when you c onsume those vegetables. Well two things to note. First of all, organic farmers also use pesticides. They just use a different set of pesticides. But secondly, and more importan t, those residues are they -- when they are present -- in such minute quantities that they are harmless relative to the natural dangerous chemicals that occur in all the food you eat. How many of you have ever drunk a cup of coffee? Raise your hands. [laughter] John Krebs: Okay. Quite a few of you have drunk a cup of coffee. Well let me tell you, in that one cup of coffee there are more carcinogens that you would get in all the pesticide residues in eating conventionally produced or organically pr oduced fruit and vegetables for a whole year. So if you’re worried about potential carcinogens in your food, don’t drink that cup of coffee. But of course, you don’t need to worry, be cause these chemicals may have the potential to be dangerous, but they are in such a low level in the food that you don’t need to worry about it. But in a way, this is missing the point, because you can argue hither and thither about how much of this chemical is in t he food, how much of that pesticide residue is present, how much of this vitamin, and so on. What really counts is looking at the health outcomes. So, are people who eat organic food healthier than people who don’t? And that’s a pretty difficult question to a nswer, but there is one study that’s looked at it, and it’s an extremely large study. It’s called the Million Women Study. It’s being carried out in the U.K., and it’s called the Million Women Study, because it involves at least one million women who over a long time period record everything about their lifestyle, including what they eat, and subject themselves to a variety of health measures, including suffering from diseases. And that study shows that there is no difference in the health outcomes for women that eat organic food and women that don’t eat organic food. It doesn’t really matter to me whether you eat organic food or not. It’s your lifestyle choice. It doesn’t bring you any benefit. But what does matter to me is when poor people, like that woman I saw on television, feel guilty because they’re not feeding their kids organic food. Just because of the marketing hype, they feel guilty, and that, to me, is an outrage. So, I urge you to vote for the motion at the end of this evening.
[applause] John Donvan: Thank you, John Krebs. [applause] John Donvan: Our motion is “Organic food is marketing hype.” And now to open arguments against this motion, I’d like to introduce Urvashi Rangan, who is director of technical policy for the Consumer’s Union. That is the organization that puts out “Consumer Reports.” And, Urvashi, your specialty there is labeling, and in particular when it comes to organic, you tell the rest of us whether if it’s organic on the label if it’s really organic in the jar.
Urvashi Rangan: That’s right. It’s been part of my job for 10 year s there, educating consumers about what organic means and what it doesn’t, and allow them t o make informed choices about the foods they buy. John Donvan: Ladies and gentlemen, Urvashi Rangan. [applause] Urvashi Rangan: Thank you. Good evening everyone. I’d like to addr ess a few things that John brought up in this resolution, and the first thing is the resolution is not about whether organic is healthier or not. That’s not what we’re debating t oday. We’re also not debating whether it’s more nutritious. What we’re debating is wheth er it’s marketing hype or not, and that is what we’re trying to judge by the end of this de bate. John brought up a few things thatI’m going to address, including pesticide residues and sort of dismissing any level of harm whatsoever. And if you’re eating carcinogens in one thing, why not eat it in everything? That is simply a dangerous -- dangerous theory. And as a toxicologist for “Consumer Reports,” I have to say that we barely understand what one chemical does at one point in time. We have no idea what the multip le exposures to low-level pesticides --
[applause] Urvashi Rangan: -- chemicals, drugs, heavy metals does to anybody, and so, as a mother of two, and as many people are, if you have the health of somebody else’s hands in your hands and you’re responsible for them, you want to take extra measures to figure out what you’re putting in their bodies, too. I’ll leave that now and I’m going to launch into our side of the case, which is that “Consumer Reports” has been deciphering labels since 1936. Our sole mission is to educate consumers about marketin g hype, what it is, what it isn’t. And for many years, I have to say in my last 10 years r ating labels we’ve come across a lot of labels that are marketing hype. Natural: very few standards, no verification. Hypo allergenic: also marketing hype, no standards. Fragrance-free, free range. All of thos e labels are marketing hype. They have no standards. They have no verification. Those are our two most important criteria when we’re rating labels, and those don’t meet any of th em. On the other hand, organic food meets those criteria. It does have a comprehensive set of standards behind them, and it is verified. We don’t consider that to be marketing h ype, and therefore we think you should vote against this resolution. So, let me give you some more examples of marketing hype. Wonder Bread, wonder brains. They had that out for a while. FTC took action against that, that they can’t call it that. Maybe some of you recall the Smart Choices label program, a big green check mark that was industry s ponsored, ConAgra, Pepsi. You found it all over, including Fruit Loops, full fat mayonnaise, a couple other things. That’s also marketing hype. Not such a smart choice. And one other one: the United Egg Producers used to have a claim called Animal Care C ertified. Sounds really lovely like the animals were cared for, but it could have been used on eggs that came from chickens stuffed in the battery cages where they couldn’t st and up, put into towers of battery cages where all their poop and excrement basically rained down through the cages onto the floor, contaminating the ground, moving into the gr ound water: could be labeled Animal Care Certified. They stopped doing that, but, agai n, that’s another example of what’s marketing hype. Incidentally, organic production doesn’t allow chickens to be stuffed in those battery cages, and it’s just one of the reaso ns why organic offers a benefit over conventional. Let me jump into five other big rea sons why organic does carry more value, and first of all just to set the stage, Cong ress passed an act in 1990, the Organic Food Production Act. The USDA runs the National Or ganic Program. We have certifiers and inspectors accredited by the USDA. This is a public program. Everybody can participat e in it. And, it is subject to accountability, it is subject to inspection itself. This is a credible labeling program. I don’t think we’re really wasting this much energy over something that is just simplymarketing hype. But let’s get into five big reason s why organic offers benefit over conventional production. First of all, organic ani mals eat a diet free of poop. Can you believe that? Why am I saying that? Am I a nutball? But no, conventional agriculture and conventional farming in this country actually p icks up chicken litter from the bottom of the chicken coop, filled with poop, excrement, w hatever that chicken ate -- including mammalian byproducts, cow brain, blood meal -- and guess what? Animals eat that in conventional production. It also can include garba ge, plastic roughage pellets, and this is the stuff that we freely -- in face, we call it a r ich protein supplement. I mean, this is a protein considered useful for animal feeding. It’s not allowed in organic production. It’s just one reason why organic offers a benefit. Seco nd, organic is free of antibiotics; they cannot be used. Antibiotic resistance is a huge gr owing public health problem in this country. [applause] Urvashi Rangan: We feed antibiotics to animals every single day. W e wouldn’t do that with humans. We wouldn’t feed humans antibiotics every day. Why do we do it in conventional agriculture? Number two reason why organic offers a benefit. Third, we feed animals -- chicken broilers in this country -- things like ars enic, if you can believe it. These are toxic heavy metals that we actually feed the animal s. They act a lot like antibiotics. They help them grow better, they help prevent disea se. And yet, the arsenic goes from their poop into the ground, it seeps into the groun d, and the problem with conventional ag is people don’t think it moves anywhere. But it do es. It moves into the ground, into the groundwater. We create big pits of manure that go up into the air and contaminate it.
[applause] Urvashi Rangan: These things are controlled for in organic producti on. Two last things. Organic doesn’t allow the use of most synthetic pesticides. It’s t rue, as John points out, that some pesticides are allowed, but one report estimates th at about 60 percent of the pesticides that are out there are classified as a known, proba bly, or possible carcinogen. If you can have food that doesn’t have those things, why would n’t you want to eat healthier? Why wouldn’t that offer a benefit? But remember, this isn’t a debate about whether you would buy it, but rather whether it is truly a measurable difference and whether it offers a credible alternative to consumers who are buying it , and whether or not consumers who buy organic are currently being deceived in the mar ketplace. We would say no, and therefore we urge you to vote against the resolutio n. Finally, I’d like to talk about synthetic fertilizers. We actually compost human w aste in this country and we put it onto conventional crops. That’s right. What you put in your toilet can get composted and get put onto the food that we eat, and that’s how it ge ts fertilized. That is a prohibited method in organic production. You may not use huma n sludge as compost. It comes with a number of problems, including heavy metals. And finally, synthetic fertilizers rape the soil. And organic promotes it, and Chuck will be talking a little bit more about that. Thank you.[applause] John Donvan: Our motion is “Organic food is marketing hype,” and now to speak for the motion, the only actual farmer in the debate tonight. I’d like to introduce Blake Hurst, who is a farmer in Missouri. He raises corn and soybeans an d flowers along with his family. He’s done it all of his life. He’s also a writer who is published in the “Wall Street Journal” and the “Weekly Standard” and other magazines. I’m int erested Blake, is it harder to farm or harder to write? Blake Hurst: I can’t make any money at either one. [laughter] John Donvan: Ladies and gentlemen, Blake Hurst. [applause] Blake Hurst: I’m used to not making much money. Only tonight di d I learn that I was a rapist. This will come as a surprise to my family and friends, w ho don’t think much of me, but think more than that. If you’ve ever driven through the Midwest on a summer evening, your windshield becomes covered by bazillions of sticky glutinous gobs of insect guts. Your windshield wiper can cause a wreck because it just smears the stuff around, making your windshield as opaque as the directions for assembli ng a Christmas present. The bugs are corn borer moths. Corn borers cause corn to drop ea rs, corn stalks to fall over. They also damage the husk of the corn, making it vulnerable t o a soil-borne pathogen called aflatoxin, which causes liver cancer in humans. Th e insecticide Bt produced by corn grown from genetically modified seed causes corn bo rers to swell like a balloon and to explode. I find this very satisfying. I imagine p ops, like a string of firecrackers, like popcorn on a hot stove, as all across my fields cor n borers explode. Bt corn of course disqualifies my crop as organic, even though a near ly identical pesticide is available to organic farmers. And aflatoxin I should point out is completely natural. Of course, we’ve on our farm lost our chance to be organic som e 50 years ago. We have a picture -- we have a picture of my grandfather standing in fro nt of a corn crib. He’s wearing a faded blue work shirt, overalls turned white from r epeated washings, a broad-rim straw hat, and he’s carrying two ears of corn, one the be fore year and one the after, then after had a nitrogen applied to it, artificial raping nit rogen. The after year was much bigger. Grandpa is grinning widely because he’s celebrating a record yield.
I should probably point out that our farm has manur e as a fertilizer source and at the time planted lots of legumes in long rotations: all prac tices recommended by the advocates of organic farming, usually writing in a sort of a ton e of breathless discovery. Yes,Virginia, people were thinking about soil fertility long before the “Oprah” show covered “Food, Inc.” When commercial fertilizer became avai lable, yields went up, costs went down, including environmental costs, as we use less resources to produce the same amount of food. When this happens in other industr ies, it’s generally seen as a good thing. The father of the organic method was Sir Al bert Howard, a British agriculture scientist. He taught that disease, whether plant, animal, or human, is caused by unhealthy soil, and the secret to good health is farming orga nically. According to Howard, “The war in the soil is the result of a conflict between the birthright of humanity, fresh food from fertile soil, and the profits of a section of big business.” That sentence could have been written a week ago and would have been just as unrealistic now as it was in 1949 when Howard wrote it. You’ll notice then, as now, the farmer is strangely absent from this narrative. Tools of big corporations bought o ff by seed corn caps and glossy advertisements, we’re only practicing industrial ag riculture because we’re tools of the man. The truth is better captured by that picture o f my grandfather smiling from year to year as he celebrates a record yield. You may find this bloodthirsty battle using chemical warfare, genetic manipulation distasteful. It’s cl ear that our opponents here tonight do so. They imagine farming as a holistic walk with nature as we reap her bounty with hardly a mark left on the landscape and a utopia as we disco ver that connection to soil has been lost because of the application of science to food. According to them we can walk back our dependence on petroleum, lose our addiction to chemicals and laboratories and be one again with nature. Rarely has so much nonsense received so much attention from so many outstanding minds. [applause] Blake Hurst: Organic production requires its own set of environm ental trade-offs. Organic food takes more land than conventional farming for the same am ount of food. Organic farming leads directly to more, not less, soil erosion beca use conventional farmers disturb the soil less. Organic rules are arbitrary with some practi ces clearly forbidden because of political pressure instead of science. Some of the most environmentally costly practices conventional farmers use are approved for the organ ic farmer as well. Some of the practices most important for food safety are not av ailable to organic producers. Hunger is the darkest factor of all and always closer than we expect, particularly in the parts of the world that are most likely to farm organically, although they don’t call it that. Nature doesn’t care whether we’re hungry or well-fed. We wrest what we can from her reluctant arms each year, and in order to have an adequate su pply of food, we have to use all the tools available to us. That’s the truth. That’s t he truth of this multi-front war we call farming, and as inconvenient as it may be to the cr itics of the present food system, that’s the way it will always be. Eating organically is t rendy, edgy, and advocated by all the right people. Organics consumers shop as a form of conspicuous self-congratulation, a chance to pat themselves on the back for their soci al conscience, and to enjoy the superiority over the coupon-clipping bourgeoisie sh opping at Wal-Mart, though organic consumers should know this: her choices have costs, real costs: environmental costs and costs when it comes to world hunger. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, there are a billion hungr y people in the world. Every timesomeone purchases organic food, more water and more land are used to produce that food than to produce the same amount of food on my farm.
That’s the reason why you should vote in favor of t he motion. Organic food is fashionable, cool, an attitude, a chance to identif y yourself with beautiful actresses instead of old farmers in overalls. But mostly, or ganic food is marketing hype. Thank you. [applause] John Donvan: Thank you, Blake Hurst. So here is where we are. We are halfway through our first round opening statement by each side at this U.S. I ntelligence Squared debate. I’m sorry, I’m going to rephrase that because this needs to be right for the radio broadcast. I said U.S. Intelligence Squared, and I’m going to reverse that. We are halfway through the opening round of this Intelligence Squared U.S. deb ate. I’m John Donvan as moderator. We have six debates, two teams of three, who are fi ghting it out over this motion: “Organic food is marketing hype.” You have heard t hree of the opening statements, and now on to the fourth. I would like to introduce Je ffrey Steingarten, who is a bestselling author and food critic for “Vogue” magazine. One o f his more famous books is “The Man Who Ate Everything.” I apologize, Jeffrey, I h ave not read the book. Is it autobiographical? [laughter] Jeffrey Steingarten: I’m referring to a very famous other person. John Donvan: Well let me recommend the book and introduce once a gain. Ladies and gentlemen, Jeffrey Steingarten. Jeffrey Steingarten: Thank you. I started -- well I didn’t start out -- I started out as a lawyer and not as a food critic or a writer, and if this were a court I thin k I would ask the judge to exclude most of the previous testimony on the grounds that it was t otally irrelevant to the proposition.
[applause] Jeffrey Steingarten: To say that organic food is a marketing hype I gues s means that all organic food is a marketing hype, that everything about organic food is a marketing hype.
That doesn’t do you any good -- it doesn’t do the o ther side any good to show that there is an advertisement that shows healthy people by ea ting organic food, if they actually are. I doubt they’re eating the food on the set -- photo graphic set. So that’s marketing hype aswell. I remember when I was on the FDA-approved ad visory committee right at the beginning, and we were given advisory powers, and o ne of the things that we were given was BST, bovine somatotropin, to increase cows’ mil k production. And everything we were fed, except from one -- well you know, from th e Center for Science in the Public Interest, was total hype. Monsanto hired the farme rs who sat in their offices, working with their computers. Monsanto put overalls on the m and everything, and they talked about how they knew that their cows were happy, pro ducing all this extra milk. We know that cows overproducing get mastitis and then there is pus, if I can use the word pus, in the milk. No one wanted to use the word pu s. And maybe pus is not bad for you, but I thought it was -- [laughter] Jeffrey Steingarten: The FDA was so afraid that we were going to vote ag ainst it, so they combined two committees, also the Animal Husbandry Committee, al l of whom were supported by the agriculture department or by industry, for example, Monsanto.
So that was lopsided and have always been lopsided, so much so that the other side was emboldened to move that it should be a crime for a milk producer to announce that there was no bovine somatotropin hormone in his milk beca use that would be marketing hype since there’s no difference. The forces against go od food are very powerful in this country and it’s enough to make you paranoid. [applause] Jeffrey Steingarten: With all possible respect, our last speaker -- okay , I’m not going to say that you sounded like Dick Cheney, okay? But -- [laughter] Jeffrey Steingarten: -- but he talked about farming as a multi-front war and that you have to wrest from nature that, you know, these kind of little rewards you, t hese little, you know, corn cobs. I know four or five farmers, and I’ve spoken to them all i n the last few days so that I would be able to learn all about farming. [laughter] Jeffrey Steingarten: There’s one that I’ll nickname Farmer Al who grows some of the best peaches in the country. They’re organic and they’re in northern C alifornia. And it took a while for Al to start switching from non-organic to organic peac hes. They’re better now. He was so mellow about it, about how you have to use this in order to avoid that pest. And I askedhim whether he used Round-Up on his weeds. He said , “Oh no, we just manage the weeds.” Just as long as they’re not --
[applause] Jeffrey Steingarten: -- just as long as they’re not higher than about that, they won’t threaten the plants, the weeds won’t and also scattering eggs of predators t o the pests and so on and so forth. Al’s peaches are more expensive. There’s no doubt that organic food is on average more expensive, so our next speaker, I believe having re ad some of what he’s written, are going to say, as the farmer did, that it’s almost a crime with all the people starving to devote any resources to some kind of elite food. N ow, I know that the best vegetables that I’ve ever tasted were organic, and they were g rown on Dan Barber’s property -- he doesn’t own the property; Rockefeller owns the prop erty -- but the property near his restaurant. Conventional agriculture is not feedin g the world.
[applause] Jeffrey Steingarten: To say that organic agriculture could never feed th e world is sidestepping the fact that organic -- that conventional agriculture is not fee ding the world and it’s dependent upon oil selling at $45 a barrel, it’s dependent upon st eady climate, and it’s also dependent upon relatively available water. John Donvan: Jeffrey Steingarten, I’m sorry, you’re time is up. Jeffrey Steingarten: Okay. John Donvan: Thank you. [applause] John Donvan: Thank you, Jeffrey Steingarten. Our motion is “Orga nic food is marketing hype.” And now here to speak against the motion -- I’m sorry, I’ve skipped a page. Now here to speak for the motion, I’d like to introduce Dennis Avery, who is director of the Hudson Institute’s Center for Global Food Issues, who was for some time an agricultural economist who worked for the State Department and w rites extensively on food policy. Ladies and gentlemen, Dennis Avery. [applause]Dennis Avery: To measure the depths of my sins, I’m holding up a book written by my son, Alex Avery. It’s entitled “The Truth about Organic Foods” and i t traces the history of the movement from Germany in the 1920s on to our organic farming today, and the tragedy that organic farming doesn’t live up to the hype. The people wh o are buying it and consuming it and offering it to their families truly want to do the best possible thing, as speakers tonight have said, and I certainly don’t disagree with that . But this is not just an unfortunate failure to live up to the billing. It is now a ser ious international concern, because we are about to enter the biggest farming challenge the wo rld has ever seen. We will have, by the year 2050, between 8 and 9 billion people. I e xpect that instead of 1.5 billion affluent people, science, technology, and trade will give us 7 billion affluent people. And if the Chinese reach half of the pet saturation that we ha ve in this country, that will mean another 250 million companion cats and dogs; none o f them vegetarian.
We will need to double world food production again. We will need to triple the yields on the best farmland, because that not only gives the highest yields and the least erosion, it displaces the fewest wildlife species. The Great P lains had 60 million bison, 100 million antelope, 3 billion prairie dogs. That’s three spe cies. The poor land has more, far more, species. We are farming 37 percent of the land are a now. If we produce for 2050 by simply extending the borders of the fields we’ll be farming 80 percent of the land area. And if you think conventional farming isn’t feeding people now, just wait. And the organic farmers can’t do this. The key is nitrogen . The Earth had 1.5 billion people before we got nitrogen fertilizer. We would still be at 1.5 billion people were it not -- that might be better. You might think you prefer t hat, but you aren’t going to get there with zero population growth movements, and you aren ’t going to get there with meatless Mondays. You’re going to have to triple the yields again on the best farmland. Plowing itself is a danger. Summer of ’07, 12-inch rainfal l in southeastern Minnesota, second- largest concentration of organic farmers in the cou ntry. They not only had flooding; they had mudslides. Whole hillsides sloughed off. Sandy loam hills sho uld not have been in anything but no- till farming. No-till cuts erosion by 65 to 95 per cent. It doubles soil moisture. It’s the most sustainable farming system ever developed. An d organic farmers can’t use it because you have to have herbicides to kill the cov er crops so you can plant what you really want to grow. They can’t kill their cover c rops. And the yields over all are about half as high. We had a famous study that came out in the summer of 2007 from the University of Michigan, which has no school of agri culture. The lead author was a fully- qualified geologist. And they said organic farming can feed the world and more.
[applause] Dennis Avery: You’re entitled to believe that, but they made a fa irly serious mistake in the paper. They talked about one study in which green manure crops had put 1,500 milligrams per acre of nitrogen into the soil and that 66 percent of this nitrogen had been delivered to theseedheads of the crops. That doesn’t happen. Ever ybody agrees that nitrogen fertilizer puts a higher percentage of its nitrogen into the c rop seeds. Thirty-three percent is the accepted figure. On green manure crops it’s 20 per cent. The different between 66 percent and 20 percent is starvation for half of th e humans, or the destruction of wildlife habitat on a scale never yet seen in this world. This is not truth, and it is not a favor to you or to the population of the rest of the world to tell something about organic farming that is demons trably false. We will have to turn high-yield farming into higher-yield farming. Than k you very much.
[applause] John Donvan: Thank you, Dennis Avery. Finally, with our motion “Organic food is marketing hype,” to summarize his position against the motion I’d li ke to introduce Charles Benbrook, chief scientist at the Organic Center, which makes you the only person who has the word organic on your business card. The Center produces science with the goal of aiming to persuade all of us to go organic. Ladies and gentl emen, Charles Benbrook.
[applause] Charles Benbrook: Thank you, John, very much. First of all, I think I need to start with an apology to my esteemed colleagues on the pro side of this debate, because I’m actually going to speak to the motion. Tonight we’re debating whether organic food is marketing hype, and the way that I understood this -- and I think probably most of the people on our side -- is that we’re talking about the companies and the farmers t hat grow organic food and sell it to people. They put claims on the label. There is a dvertizing, there’s lots of information on websites. I think we all have a pretty good idea o n how companies market products and deliver information to consumers. And in the Unite d States, as you know, there is a number of laws and regulations that govern what is marketing hype and what’s not. Urvashi spoke to some of that. We’ve all heard the saying one aspirin a day helps prevent heart attacks. That’s kind of amazing that it does, but in large c linical trials, people that take an aspirin a day have a statistically significant lower risk o f heart attack, and so the FTC and the FDA have allowed that claim on -- in advertising fo r aspirin. But if you heard an aspirin a day prevents heart attacks, that of course would be marketing hype. To claim that it will prevent goes over the line into marketing hype. So, how do we judge whether the claims that are made or the information that’s passed on b y organic food companies crosses this line into misinformation or materially misleading i nformation, which is a standard in the FTC guidelines? What the government says -- now, th ink about the last time you went to the supermarket. You can’t walk down any aisle with out leading labels that say they have reduced this or low that or a good source of this o r promotes heart health or promotes eye health or good for your cholesterol, heart healthy, etc. All of these claims that either promote a food product because there’s more of some thing that’s good or less ofsomething that’s not good for you, like saturated f at or cholesterol or salt, embedded in those claims are at least a 25 percent difference i n the level of the nutrient. This is applied fairly universally across the entire food system. S o, whenever you see these labels that says it’s, you know, a good source of lycopene -- y ou’re buying a tomato product; lycopene is a nutrient in tomatoes -- and it says a good source of lycopene, you can trust that the company has done testing that shows that t here’s at least 25 percent more in their product compared to others. So, as we go through th e evening, keep in mind that if there is solid scientific evidence that one food product, whether it’s conventional or organic, has higher or lower of a particular nutrient that’s good or bad for you buy a Good or bad for you, by a 25% margin that the government allows a labeling claim to be associated with that. Now, how is organic food marketed? What are the pr inciple claims? And benefits? Well, number one, of course, is organic farmers may not apply toxic synthetic pesticides. It's just a blanket prohibition. The products that they can apply encompass all of those that post any risk to humans or the environment. I t's true organic farmers request use natural products like copper fungicides, sulfur is used to help protect diseases. Natural insecticide, Bacilus thuringiensis that Blake talke d about, it's how Monsanto and other biotech companies have found a way to move the capa city to produce this natural insecticide into the corn plants. And so without a doubt the reduction in exposure and risk from pesticides is the most common claim that you read. And there is no question that organic farming reduces pesticide risk. It's laughable for anybody to argue that it doesn't. You know, American agriculture, apply rou nds, a billion pounds of pesticides a year. Some are not terribly hazardous, including G lyfosate which Blake will use on some of his genetically engineered crops. But there are several other pesticides, especially insecticides to do pose significant risk. And the fact that we're all exposed to pesticides, even before we're born, does play a role in our pub lic health. Do you all know that the average baby born in America has like 200 chemicals in its blood the moment it’s born from the exposures to its mother? About one out of eight babies are born with a diagnosable birth defect? About a quarter of the couples in America are havin g trouble having babies. They need some help in getting pregnant and carrying a pregna ncy to term. The scientific literature is loaded with thousands of papers that demonstrate a connection between exposure to pesticides and these adverse health outcomes. To s ay that there are no risks for pesticides and no evidence, I mean if you don't -- if you don' t believe in science, fine. Go ahead and make that statement. But you can't claim that you read the scientific literature. That -- you know, it's just the way it is. Another of the major claims that are made, and marketed, if you're shopping in the livestock part of the aisle, in the dairy or eggs or beef, livestock and organic farms have to be given ample space to carry out natural behaviors. They have to be raised in an environment where they can stay healthy without their daily dose of antibiotics, which Urvashi spoken out. The y have to be given access to outside, unless it's 20 below and the weather would be dange rous for them. But they have to be raised in a much more humane way. That's built rig ht into the rules; all organic farmers have to do it. If you care about how animals are c ared for, if you care -- it's great that we can buy cheap bacon and eggs done cost much. If yo u do care how animals are cared for,organic agriculture with the only system of agricul ture backed up by solid rules that require sound animal welfare: one of the reasons th at we hope you'll vote against the motion. [applause] John Donvan: That concludes round one of this Intelligence Squar ed U.S. debate. The motion being argued is “Organic food is marketing hype.” We now have the results of where you, the several hundred of you in our live audience stood o n the motion before the debate began.
The motion is organic food is marketing hype. We a sked you to vote, tell us whether you stand for, against, or undecided on this motion. H ere are the results. Before the debate, 21% of you are for the motion, 45% against, and 34% undecided. That's where things stand at the beginning of the debate. We'll ask yo u to vote once again when the debate has concluded. The team that has changed the most minds will be declared our winner. Now on to round two: it's our middle round. And it 's where the debaters address each other directly and also take questions from you in the audience and from me as well, as moderator. I'd like to begin with a question to th e side that's arguing for the motion that organic food is marketing hype. In your critique o f those who support and believe in organic food and organic farming, there is just -- there are these intimations of elitism that people who like organic food are people who us e words like “intimations,” for example. [laughter] John Donvan: That it's just a little bit snobby and a little bit snotty. In fact, the research shows that the majority of people who buy organic food in this cou ntry are at the higher end of the educational scale. I want to ask you, are you sayi ng that all of these well educated people are actually rather stupid? Are they missing the p oint? John Krebs.
John Krebs: You're absolutely right that people who purchase or ganic food tend to be from the wealthier sections of society simply because it's m ore expensive to buy. And that's, you know -- you folks that buy it, you can afford it. There are plenty of people out this in this country who couldn't afford to do it. Does it mean that you're stupid? Absolutely not. But it means that to some extent, you have bought i n to what I claim is marketing hype. If I can just go back to Urvashi's opening comment, it is absolutely marketing hype that the claim that organic food is healthier for you, a nd that's why the advertising regulator in the U.K. stamped down on the two major retailers th at made this claim, as well as on the organic producer body, the soil association who was making the same claim.
It was hype. There was no case to support it. And it was banned. If that isn't a straight forward piece of hype, exaggeration, implicit decep tion, I don't know what is.John Donvan: Jeffrey Steingarten. Jeffrey Steingarten: I wonder how long you conducted the million -- the lady study. Was it six months or six weeks, was it two years? John Donvan: Jeffrey, what's your point? Why are you raising th at?
Jeffrey Steingarten: Many of the toxins in pesticides, herbicides could take years and years.
[applause] John Donvan: What about that, John Krebs? Do you think it's too soon to know?
John Krebs: The million women study is still going on. It's be en going on now for about eight years. It will continue for another probably 15 or so year s. So we're looking at long term effect and no effects have shown up so far. John Donvan: Urvashi Rangan. Urvashi Rangan: I think we're talking about elitism but it's really that organic food costs more. Organic food costs more to produce, and there are a couple reasons for that. One is that it's incredibly physically labor intensive. You've got to -- as Jeffrey pointed out, you have to pull the weed. You can't just spray a chemical on it. It's harder to do. So there is no question that organic food is harder to produce. B ut the other major factor that has not been mentioned today is the amazing subsidies that all of our taxpayer money goes to to support cheap food production to subsidize late cro ps on corn and soy, and the myriad of ingredients that stem from that that end up in proc essed foods, hence creating cheat processed foods. Organic doesn't get subsidies. T hat's why between that and what it does, it costs more. [applause] John Donvan: Blake Hurst. Blake Hurst:Beg to differ -- of course, organic qualifies. Sam e subsidies that I do, subsidies are tied to the ground. They don't ask how you produce the crop. My question -- I guess I would like to ask, you talked about fertilizer raping the soil.
How does the soil know the difference between -- I mean nitrogen, you look at your periodic table. There it is, it appears. When I a pply nitrogen on some of our acres for manure, when I apply some nitrogen from some of our acres, commercial fertilizer, how does the soil know the difference? John Donvan: Charles Benbrook. Charles Benbrook: I'll speak to nitrogen. One of the major problems around the world, back in February 23, those of you that read the “Wall Street Journal,” t here was a remarkable story about how the subsidies in India for nitrogen fertilizer star ted back in the Green Revolution days have actually led to such excessive nitrogen fertil izer use in India, that what happens when you put extra nitrogen on ground, you stimulat e microbial activity in the soil. And those microbes, they eat your organic matter, in ef fect, which degrades your soil quality. And the “Journal,” it was a very interesting and ha rd hitting story. And it was just a week after in “Science Magazine,” there was a major rese arch report that Dennis may have seen about China and how there is this major proble m in China about the acidification of soils from too much nitrogen. In America, in the M idwest, less than 35% of the nitrogen that gets applied winds up supporting the growth of that corn plant. And the rest, some of it goes into the water and some of it volatizes int o the environment. Organic farmers, on the other hand, nitrogen is expensive to them becau se they don't have access to these cheap commercial sources of readily available nitro gen fertilizers. They have to get their nitrogen the old fashioned way with cover crops and legumes and compost. It's dear to them and it’s valuable. And they use it much more carefully. They don't need as much to support the same amount of growth. They don't p ollute the water. They don't contribute as much to global warming. And they imp rove the quality of the soil and it's these sorts of win, win, wins that are why even the USDA acknowledges that organic farming is better for the environment. And that's one of the claims.
[applause] John Donvan: Dennis Avery of the Hudson Institute. Dennis Avery: There is a new set of products on the market from A rcadia Biosciences. They're actually the product of a -- a research mistake at the Unive rsity of Alberta. They were trying for drought tolerant crops and instead, they got nitrog en-efficient crops. Rapeseed, rice and wheat; you can now put on half as much organic nitr ogen, get in effect what we thought of as a full crop, with very little left in the soi l to leach into the nearby streams. Can wehope that the organic farmers will, at some point, recognize this benefit and help protect the water with nitrogen efficient biotech crops? Charles Benbrook: What does that have to do with how organic food is marketed in the United States? [applause] what's the point? John Donvan: I want to ask Blake Hurst, because you're our only farmer possibly in the room. I think there may be some farmers in the audience, but cert ainly on the panel. In terms of just the reality check that you can provide to us, a guy who gets his hands in the soils, what have you heard tonight that is the most out of touc h with what really happens in the real world? Blake Hurst: I get this idea that -- Jeffrey says that conventio nal farming is not feeding the world, so his solution is to produce less food? I mean this idea -- it is, indeed --
Jeffrey Steingarten: Totally wrong. If you're growing corn -- John Donvan: Let's let Blake answer that question. Blake Hurst: Yeah, well give me your example. Jeffrey Steingarten: If you're growing corn on two pieces of land, farme rs told me this, two pieces of land, one conventionally and one organically, the convent ional plot will produce more corn.
If you have less than a modern culture, the number of calories produced on the organic piece of land, which is what we care about, the num ber of calories on the organic land will be greater than on the conventional land. Blake Hurst: What's your source for that? Dennis Avery: That's impossible. Blake Hurst: I would like to know the source. Jeffrey Steingarten: Charles can tell you. I'm not a scientist.John Donvan: Tell him Charles. Charles Benbrook. Charles Benbrook: This is an important point. On Blake's farm, we we re speaking on the right over here. You'll be getting out in the field pretty soon to p lant corn, right? In the next couple weeks that corn will germinate in 10 days. It will grow vigorously capturing solar radiation, pulling up nitrogen from the soil, and p roducing a crop for about 90 days. After 90 days it goes into synapsis. It has to dry so he can get his combine in, and really, from the second week in August, maybe the third wee k in August, that field really isn't growing anything more. Organic farming is based on a much more diverse set of crops. Organic farmers are going to get a cover crop on to the corn ground as soon its harvested so that that fall solar radiation is captured and s upports biomass which support microorganisms in the soil. So the way that organi c farmers can and do produce more per acre is they produce multiple crops. They inte grate livestock and often fish with their crops. And they're using that solar radiation in t he early spring and the late fall when it's not as intense in the summer. If you drive through the Midwest, our greatest agriculture regulation, it's only producing a crop for about 90 days of the year. And there are at least six weeks in the spring and fall when it could be g rowing something. And something is growing on all the organic farms. That's how -- [applause] John Donvan: John Krebs is also a scientist can respond to that.
Dennis Avery: Another way to -- John Donvan: Dennis, I'm going to led John Krebs respond. John Krebs: I have a simple question to Jeffrey. If indeed org anic production is more efficient, produces more yield per hectare than conventional, why is organic food more than expensive? Who is making all this extra money? Th e reason it's more expensive is because you get less per hectare. Jeffrey Steingarten: No, because it is -- first of all, there is industr ial organic, the farming about which I don't know a lot. John Krebs: Sorry, could you say that again? What?Jeffrey Steingarten: Why is it more expensive? John Krebs: No. What were the two source of organic? You said there is industrial organic and there is something else organic. A smaller scale? Jeffrey Steingarten: There is industrial organic. John Krebs: When we're talking about marketing hype are we talk ing about the system organic are or we taking -- Jeffrey Steingarten: Yeah, we're talking about healthy organic. John Krebs: Just a minute. No evidence that it's healthier. Jeffrey Steingarten: Yes, I know. I was just trying to get you. [laughter] [applause] Jeffrey Steingarten: Did it work? The reason it's more expensive becaus e it involves a lot of hand labor. You have to hire in the -- in the northeast you have to hire either migrant laborers or you have to build them houses. The best apple farmer in thi s whole area builds houses for her laborers, and then sends them to school, sends the kids to school. I guess the farmers are not in that position. But there is a lot of hand w ork. You can't have a combine coming through and doing whatever a combine does. Plus al so, I understand that this whole tillage argument -- I have been told that organic f arming does not require tilling. Is that true or do you know -- Blake Hurst: No, that is not true. It's bare earth farming. Or ganic farming is bare earth farming.
John Donvan: Dennis can you respond to Charles' point that he ma de about essentially that an organic farmer is working a more diverse range of -- workin g the soil in more diverse ways by introducing different crops and its interaction wit h livestock?Dennis Avery: It's certainly working in more diverse ways. And I want to compliment the organic movement for having been concerned from the beginni ng with the health of the soil.
[applause] Dennis Avery: Unfortunately, unfortunately they aren't using it v ery well. And the point he made about the corn getting its growth in the first 90 days me ans that the organic farmers are starving their corn for part of that 90 days. They are not getting what that field could produce because the organic nitrogen is slow release. John Donvan: Urvashi, do you want to come in on this? Urvashi Rangan: It is a strange argument. And what I guess I want to -- I want to zoom out a little bit and talk about genetically modified crops. The U.N. ha s issued two reports actually, one just recently and one a few years ago. That for Africa and Eastern Europe, organic agriculture is the answer for those areas for maint aining the sustainable food production supply. The second thing that also has -- John Donvan: Why? What is this logic of that? Why is organic t he answer for those areas?
Urvashi Rangan: It resides within many of the reasons we're talking about, sustainable production, jobs, less pesticides, less inputs. Those things cost mo ney. While our opponents are reporting the miracles of genetic modification, and pesticide s, and how wonderful they are, what most consumers don't know is that those things were not required to be tested for how well they work or how safe they are before they got out on the market.
[applause] Urvashi Rangan: And those are the aspects that the U.N. is consider ing when they make those reports available and anyone is free to read those reports.
John Donvan: Blake Hurst. Blake Hurst: Of course there is long and extensive testing for - - what the National Resource Council says--genetically modified seed is tested before it goes on the market. How many of you have bought genetically modified seed? How many of you have toured Montsanto's laboratories? How many of you know the process tha t it goes through?Charles Benbrook: I have. [applause] Blake Hurst: The point I'm making is that that's blatantly untru e. As to the point of whether it works or not, I guess that is the [inaudible] that's the con sumer -- because the NRC says that there is no conceptual distinction, that's the National R esearch Council, your government, no conceptual distinction exists between genetically m odification of plants and microorganisms by classical methods or by molecular techniques that modify DNA and transfer genes. There is no difference. It's just a faster and more effective way of improving crops. The biggest mistake the organics standard made was not accepting genetically modified seeds. Absolutely. John Donvan: I'd like to go to the audience for some questions. How this works is that if you raise your hand and I find you, I'll ask you to stand up. If you're a member of the news media, we'd prefer that you tell us that fact, who you work for . You'll be given a microphone. And hold the microphone about that far from -- one fist away from your mouth so that the radio can pick you up. I just have a question befo re we get there. What strikes me about this debate is that the tone here is as bitterly pa rtisan as anything that's happening in Washington. And I'm curious about why that is. An d it's on both sides. It's also from all of us here in the hall. There is a nasty feeling t o this issue. And I'm curious about why -- we're talking about food. What we eat. I want to hear from one panelist, nom inate yourself on each side, about why are we there? In this topic? Charles, you're nodding. You represent the organic center. Why? Charles Benbrook: The organic food industry -- it actually deserves t he word industry, now accounts for about 3% of our food supply. It's not threatening the profits of Cargill and ADM and Craft and General Mills in the marketplace, yet, bu t it is in the world of ideas. And with all due respect to John Krebs, the science is stron gly lining up behind organic farming. It is more nutrient-dense. There are 70 or 80 studies that have reached that conclusion. To just dismiss them that they're not there, you know, you can do it. But if you read science, it's there. So I think organic food and what this whole area represents, it worries the conventional agriculturist to that people are going to start to ask questions about how our food is grown and what's in it, and how it might be contributing to the fact that we Americans spend more than any nation in the world o n healthcare, but our health across a number of measures really doesn't stack up that wel l. And I think it's a lot about what we eat. [applause]John Donvan: John Krebs, do you want to -- not just respond, but to take on my question.
John Krebs: Well, as I said at the beginning, you would expect those with organic on their business card to play the claim that organic food is better for you. Not surprising, Chuck, well done. But why is this such a divisive issue? It's a divisive issue because it's a side show from the real problems that we face which are first of all about feeding the growing world population as Dennis said. And second of all, for those of us who are lucky to live in an affluent society, to eat a healthy balanced diet an d secure our own health.
Organic food is a complete side show to both of tho se issues. Those of us who care deeply about those issues are very frustrated by th e repeated claims of the organic sector explicit or implicit that they will solve these pro blems.
John Donvan: So it sounds like each side thinks the other side i s actually doing harm here?
John Krebs: Exactly. John Donvan: Not just disagreeing but doing harm. Gentlemen, ri ght there you could rise and hold the mic close to you, and please make it a brief questi on. Thank you.
Male Speaker: One of the points that Mr. Avery made was that we n eed to significantly increase food production. And I'd like to just suggest that in m aking fun of meatless Monday, you are asking a question about the concerns of livelihood of millions of people. 1.7 million people who died of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and cancer last year because of easily attributed to a number of academic studies to their eating meats. My question is, wouldn't reducing meat production significantly red uce overall agricultural production requirements? John Donvan: I'm going to pass on the question with respect beca use it's really -- I don't think it's on our topic of organic food and marketing hype. It's a q uestion about meat versus vegetables, I believe. Male Speaker: If the question is about subsidy, we're talking abo ut how people are not getting access to make an even playing field for organic foods. And meat is a huge --
John Donvan: I think we're off topic. But with respect, thank y ou. Yes, right there. Thank you.Female Speaker: I am a member of the media. I work at Martha Stewa rt Living, and I worked on cookbooks. But I have a question. One of the thin gs that hasn't been addressed here at all tonight is the question of flavor. We're talki ng about marketing hype. It's hard to get away from the fact that an organic banana tastes li ke a banana, or an organic peach takes like a peach. And, you know, that’s less and less true of conventional produce.
John Donvan: So what's the question? No, but it's better organi c, which is good.
Female Speaker: The question is where is -- you know, where is the hype if we're really looking at flavor?
John Donvan: Are you actually -- your question really is, does a n organic taste food better, and isn't that one of its benefits? Female Speaker: Yes. John Donvan: Right? Okay. Fair question. Female Speaker: I guess that's what is the question. John Donvan: Fair question. Fair question. [applause] John Donvan: Yeah. Charles Benbrook: John, believe it or not, this question actually is germane to the debate.
John Donvan: I agree that it is. I just want the other side to answer it.
[laughter] John Donvan: I'll come back to it, though.Dennis Avery: I have been privileged to watch a program taped by a couple of comedians who perform primarily in Las Vegas who conducted a number of bl ind taste tests on the street in Las Vegas. And nobody could tell the difference from n othing. I grew up on a farm. Our tomatoes, during the height of the growing -- of th e harvest season, were wonderful. The rest of the year, we didn't get tomatoes except out of cans. This whole freshness thing, fresher tastes better. If your organic is fresher, it may taste better. But that's apart from its being organic. John Donvan: Charles. Charles Benbrook: I think -- John Donvan: Charles Benbrook. Charles Benbrook: I think this is -- I really appreciate this questio n because it's very important. The organic food industry has not claimed that organic food tas tes better. And the reason that -- they know it does sometimes, but they don't have the sys tems in place and the ability to guarantee a consumer that it's always going to tast e better. And it's an example of where the industry has not gone over that line to hype it s products. Now, there're some consumers out there that are convinced that it alwa ys tastes better. And maybe to them, it does. But I actually think the organic food indust ry has been fairly responsible in not getting beyond the science and beyond what they can guarantee.
And I think that they deserve a certain degree of r espect for this. And they certainly deserve your vote to this motion because they haven 't gone out of their way and made claims. Now, some people say -- you know, some con sumers -- the woman that John spoke about, being guilty about not eating organic food. That's a shame. You know, all mothers should feed their kids lots of fruits and v egetables, organic or conventional. But you can't hold that against the industry that's try ing to be responsible in telling people about what the true benefits are and they are signi ficant.
John Donvan: Okay. So we're in the question-and-answer section of this Intelligence U.S. -- we're in the question-and-answer section of this Intelligenc e Squared U.S. debate. I'm John Donvan of ABC News, your moderator. And we have si x debaters, two teams of three, debating this motion, "Organic food is marketing hy pe." We're going back to the audience for questions. Gentleman in the blue shir t.
Male Speaker: Hello. This question is for Dr. Rangan. You talke d about the fact that -- or you claim there was a fact that organic food could be verifie d, and there were standards for organicfood. My understanding is that's not true, that th e standards are for organic farming and that there's a difference between process and produ ct and that the standards do not say anything about the products. It's just the process by which the product is obtained. So my question for you is, if I gave you an apple, and you had to do an analysis to determine whether it was organic or not, and it was a scienti fic analysis, presumably a chemical or physical analysis, what exactly would you do to ver ify that it was an organic apple?
[applause] Urvashi Rangan: Yeah, your point is well taken. It is production. It's the Organic Food Production Act. And it's about production. And the seal is on the food, and it is about what goes into the production of that apple or that orange. And just incidentally, there's also a whole scientific advisory board that reviews and approves materials that are allowed and printed in processed foods as well as in fresh foods. So t here is a whole framework around that. And that's what we're here to talk about today. Th at is the foundation of what it is. How would you test for a food that was organic? You mi ght look for genetic modification. That's prohibited. Male Speaker: [inaudible] John Donvan: If it's a banana, we can taste it. [laughter] Urvashi Rangan: In fact, your point goes -- it's very difficult to test for whether something's organic or not. If it had prohibited residues, you might know that it wasn't. But the point is -- and that's why there is so much recordkeeping involved. There is so much work involved for a farmer to become organic because the whole paper tr ail of what went into that farm has to be documented. Everything that went into the parti cular jam that was processed has to be documented. Those things aren't required for conve ntional agriculture.
John Donvan: John -- Urvashi Rangan: And the materials used are restricted. And -- John Donvan: John Krebs to respond. Urvashi Rangan: -- that is the framework that exists.John Krebs: It's a very interesting question. When I was head of the Food Standards Agency, we started sponsoring research to develop such tests. And such tests can be developed because this is a bit of technical chemistry. The isotopes of carbon and nitrogen that come from chemical fertilizers are different from t he isotopes out of manure or compost. But the organic movement strongly opposed this, and they said it was a complete waste of money to develop these tests. They never said w hy they thought it was a complete waste of money. But I thought I had a pretty good idea that a lot of the produce that's on sale as organic is not actually genuinely organic. And I think it would be a good thing if the regulat ors did use tests like that and really showed what was on sale in the shops. Charles Benbrook: Well, John, I think you should speak for the U.K. o n that because there's a lot of us that follow what goes on in the United States. The orga nic label has meaning in this country.
John Donvan: Let's go back to the audience for questions. John Krebs: Does the regulator carry out the tests? Charles Benbrook: No. John Donvan: Ma'am, can you see me looking at you? Charles Benbrook: They enforce the rules. John Donvan: If you could stand up, yes, and we'll bring a micro phone. And if -- it'll be handed down to you. You don't need to work your way up. Quest ion, please, now.
Female Speaker: Yes, question. Thank you. My question is that for people who are interested in sustainably produced agriculture, there's some cons umer concern that the rise of industrial organic agriculture, which was touched o n briefly, has sort of called into question the rigorous standards that are in place f or determining whether something is organic or not. And I was hoping the panel could s peak to that. How rigorous it is and if -- Jeffrey Steingarten:I know people -- John Donvan: [unintelligible] Jeffrey Steingarten: I know people who have compared factory chicken pro duction in the conventional way of doing it and in the organic way of doing it. Now, it's still about factory chicken production. But it is, number one, the chickens do n't have to have access to the outside. They have to have been outside. If you have someth ing that passes the organic tests, it gets the approval of a certifier, who is also certi fied by the Department of Agriculture, there was nothing you're going to have to fear abou t the food. Raising animals in a humane way -- I go to the green market twice a wee k.
There are people who raise animals in a conventiona l humane way. But most conventional agriculture does not do that. And I w ould say that the organic movement should receive -- that's why you have to pay more b ecause it --
John Donvan: But ma'am, are you -- Jeffrey Steingarten: And we're getting very bad karma by eating this -- John Donvan: Ma'am, are you asking do we know -- are you asking do we really know how rigid the rules are and whether they're being followed? Female Speaker: Yes. John Donvan: You're asking -- Female Speaker: Some of the regulations are in place in organic -- when people buy organic, they assume that -- Female Speaker: Excuse me, can we pass her a microphone? John Donvan: I'll repeat it for her. Oh, I'm sorry. You want t o --
Female Speaker: Sure. When people are --Female Speaker: Can we pass the microphone? Female Speaker: Yeah, sorry. My question is, when you're buying or ganic, you're assuming certain things about the production of the food. And when things are produced on farms that can be considered factory farms when they're such large sc ale, can the standards be scaled up to some of the sizes of farms that we're seeing? John Donvan: Okay. I'm going to let Blake take the question, bu t I don't quite understand it, so if you could rephrase it. Blake Hurst: Well, yeah. There's a whole lot of -- I mean, at w hat size does my farm get too big to be moral? I mean, what size farm is immoral? When do I become industrial?
Female Speaker: Confined animal feeding operations. Dennis Avery: I think it's useful to point out that if we're talk ing about the chickens being indoors or outdoors, the reason we get flu every year is from Asia where most of the chickens and ducks are still kept outdoors and they are wanderin g up and down the street of the village, and it is the interaction between humans -- Charles Benbrook: But that's in Asia. Dennis Avery: -- and those animals that we get the Asian flu. We get cholera from hogs.
We had -- this is historic. Most of our epidemic d iseases have come about through this close interaction of people and animals, and modern confinement production is protecting you from those diseases. [laughter] John Donvan: Okay, Urvashi, so we're talking about -- Urvashi Rangan: Okay. I'm sorry, Dennis, that is just garbage. [laughter]Urvashi Rangan: That is not the case. [applause] Dennis Avery: So you -- Urvashi Rangan: I'm sorry. Confined animal feeding operations -- I don't know if anybody's heard about lagoon pits of poo the size of a great lake that ex ists, and these are bacterial cesspools for lots of viruses. The H1N1 was a mixture of bird, p ig, maybe something else. We have huge hog farms in North Carolina. We have huge pro blems with bacterial problems down there from the poo pits. This doesn't just co me from China. We've got the problem right here with industrialized agriculture in this country.
[applause] John Donvan: Gentleman with the beard. Male Speaker: Hello. John Donvan: Could you stand up, please? Male Speaker: Sure, hi. Mr. Hurst, you really caught my attentio n when you said that organic agriculture should stop aligning itself with celebr ity actresses and start talking to farmers. Michael Jackson, Ray Charles, Brittany Spears, Beyo nce, Christina Aguilera --
John Donvan: All right, all right, I need a question. Male Speaker: -- Mariah Carey -- my question to you is, should we really be thinking twice and flipping the question around to say, is chemical food market ing hype? Those names I read by the way to give you some context are Pepsi spokesperson s that I have seen on television in my lifetime. Thank you. [applause] Male Speaker: And Pepsi is made from corn.[talking simultaneously] Blake Hurst: Was there a question? Male Speaker: Yes. John Donvan: Well, his question was, is conventional farming mar keting hype, and given that actually your team has claimed a superiority in several area s for conventional farming, I think it's a fair question. Blake Hurst: Okay, yeah. [applause] Blake Hurst: Well, then, of course, the answer would be no. [laughter] John Donvan: I love a pithy answer. White shirt? Right behind you. This is our last question. The part of the marketing that I'm interested -- John Donvan: Can you stand up, please? Male Speaker: Sure. The part of the marketing that I'm intereste d in hearing about is the health oriented marketing that could be either viewed as hype from the one side or not from the other. And what I had a hard time following was the notion that on the one side that defended organic food, organic farming, there was a listing of 80 scientific papers that proved the health benefits of organically produced food. And on the other side there was a lack of trust in the scientific data. So I was hoping that we could actually talk just briefly about one, just pick one of the 80 that says there's no d oubt that there are health-related benefits to organic food, and then just ask the other side w hy that's not accurate.
[applause] Charles Benbrook: Sure. The "British Journal of Medicine" published a study about two years ago that showed that children born to mothers who consume pr edominantly organic milk and meatduring pregnancy with its elevated levels of conjug ated linoleic acids, which are a heart healthy fat, had lower -- the children had lower le vels of eczema. It was really the first time an actual health benefit in humans from consum ing organic food has been proven and published in a peer review journal. And, of co urse, this is for any health problem. So many different things affect health. It's very unusual to be able to trace a disease or -- to a single part of our lifestyle. So that's one s tudy that came out, and it hasn't been refuted.
John Donvan: All right. Let's hear the other side respond. John Krebs: Yeah. Dennis Avery: Did you say that was the first that's come out afte r 80 years?
John Donvan: No, no. He said it's one that's come out. Charles Benbrook: A study proving a health benefit in humans, when I said before that there're 80 studies, those are studies comparing the nutrient levels in organic food to conventional food. Now, there're a lot of people that feel eating more nutrients really doesn't make you any healthier, but you got to wonder why the U.S. gover nment is spending so much time and energy trying to get us to eat more fruits and vege tables.
John Donvan: John Krebs. John Krebs: Well it’s very simple. In that study as in many ot hers, it’s very difficult to tease apart the contribution of different factors. There’s no clea r proof in that study that the benefits that Chuck has alluded to were to do with eating organic foods, because there are a lot of other differences between the comparison population . So we still don’t have any evidence that organic food is healthier food for yo u.
John Donvan: And that concludes round two of this debate. [Applause] John Donvan:And here’s where we are. We are about to hear clos ing statements from each debater. They will be two minutes each and it’s their last c hance to change your minds and from the audience vote before hand, we know where you st ood for before the debate began. Here’s what we have. Our motion is “Organic food i s marketing hype.” Before the debate, 21 percent of you were for this motion, 45 percent were against and 34 percent were undecided and we’ll ask you to vote again shor tly and we’ll ask you in that way to pick our winner as this debate concludes just a few minute from now. But now onto round three, closing statements from each team in t urn. Speaking first against the motion, organic food is marketing hype, Charles Ben brook, chief scientist at the Organic Center. Charles Benbrook: Thank you, John. As I said before, this is about t he claims or the positive attributes that are used in labeling and advertising, educational m aterial on websites to convince consumers to buy more organic food. That’s what we ’re talking about. The claim that is most common and most known to Americans is about th e reduction, significant reduction in pesticide use and risk that’s associated with or ganic farming; that’s kind of a no- brainer. Organic farmers don’t apply any of the dangerous pe sticides that we have a huge program in the EPA to deal with. And they don’t use any of the pesticides that are causing all the problems with bees. They don’t use any of the herb icides that are castrating male frogs and feminizing them all throughout the Midwest. Th ey just don’t use them at all; it’s prohibitive. And that prohibition is embodied in t he regulations. In terms of animal drugs and in particular, antibiotics and growth pro moting hormones, hormones that push animals to produce more quickly, organic farmers ca n’t use them. It’s against the rules and that’s again, embodied in the standards. So wh en a company promotes organic food as better for animals, this is one of the reasons. The other claim that is ubiquitous is that organic farming is better for the environment. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has agreed with us. Organic farmers build soil; they a dd humus to the soil; they reduce greenhouse gasses; they reduce the loss of nitrogen into the groundwater. They promote bio-diversity; they don’t kill bees; they don’t kil l frogs; they don’t kill beneficial insects. And again this suite of benefits are embodied in bi nding, enforceable regulations that a part of the rules. So please don’t buy into the ar guments of the other side that because organic farming can’t feed the world and all these other claims, that you should vote for this motion. John Donvan: Thank you, Charles Benbrook. Our motion is organic food is marketing hype and summarizing his position for the motion, John Krebs , principal of Jesus College, Oxford and former chairman of the U.K.’s Food Standards Ag ency.
John Krebs: I just want to make two points very briefly. First of all, we haven’t really discussed what is organic food? When I was head of the Food Stand ards Agency, I asked to meet with the organic food sector. Ten people turned up and I said okay, I just want to talk to oneof you. It turned out there were 10 different cert ification bodies for organic food in the U.K. and they all disagree with one another. No on e body would allow the others to represent their view because they didn’t agree on w hat organic food was. So it’s one thing to say that there are standards that are foll owed, but those standards are completely different depending on who you talk to. So we shou ld be clear that organic food means different things to different people. And let’s go back over these questions about marketing hype, because whether or not their explic it claims might be made by the organic producers and organic marketers, they are c ertainly claims that people who buy organic food believe and accept. And those claims are either that it’s better for you or its better for the environment. We’ve heard nothing th is evening that really provides me with convincing evidence of either of those claims. Okay you may get more bio-diversity on an organic farm, but if we’re going to feed peop le with organic food, we need to turn more land into agriculture and do away with our nat ural parks and wildlife reserves. Is that tradeoff worth making? I don't know, but we ha ven't heard any evidence for it this evening. Do pesticides pose a risk? Well, remembe r that organic farmers use insecticides, including one called Rotinone which i s known to cause cancer in rats, is one of the most dangerous pesticides if you're worried about carcinogens in your food. So if you're worried about pesticide risk, don't eat orga nic food, don't eat conventional food. In fact, starve to death. Thank you. [laughter] John Donvan: Thank you, John Krebs. [applause] John Donvan: our motion is “Organic food is marketing hype.” We 're in the closing statement section. And speaking against the motion, Jeffrey Steingarte n: best-selling author and food critic for Vogue magazine.
Jeffrey Steingarten: First of all, I assume that one of my debate partne rs, team partners, will be able to refute the one example given of a danger of something that 's used in organic food. There may be a lot of people in America who disagree about wh at organic food should mean. But we have a law. It's very hard to read it, and it's long. And it's very exacting. There have been issues about whether it's enforced strongly en ough. But that would mean we shouldn't have speed limits because some people tha t I know exceed them. There's no doubt about the environmental dangers of convention al agriculture. You may have read that in the Gulf of Mexico there is a dead zone, an d it changes in size every year. It appears to come from all the nitrogen that is dumpe d into the Mississippi River for a thousand, 2,000 miles all the way from Chicago. An d it gets into the Gulf of Mexico, and it deprives plants and fish of oxygen. The siz e of the dead zone two years ago wasabout the size of New Jersey in the middle of the G ulf of Mexico. There is no doubt to me that conventional agriculture is doomed. The on ly question is how soon. There is -- conventional agriculture requires lots of water, an even, steady climate, a monoculture and none these conditions -- John Donvan: Your time is up. Thank you very much. [applause] John Donvan: Our motion is “Organic food is marketing hype.” An d summarizing his position in support of this motion, Blake Hurst, a farmer and v ice president of the Missouri Farm Bureau. Blake Hurst: The longest term study and the go-to reference, if you look up organic yields, was done at the [unintelligible] Institute. They had two organ ic plots, one which used manure as a fertilizer source. We don't have enough manure to fertilize all the acres that are in crops today. We would need 5 billion -- 5 billion more c ows in order to produce enough manure to use that much fertilizer. The other crop used a long rotation of using legumes and corn two years out of five, where legumes, in o rder to produce the nitrogen for the corn or the cash crop the next year. So there you have it. That's the final point. Organic food in any given year can produce the same as conv entional food. But over that five- year period, it only produced 60 percent as much. 60 percent as much. Two years ago, we were at a 30-year low in food stocks and cereal grain stocks. Countries were banning the export of rice even here in the U.S. They limi ted the amount of rice you could buy because of the short supply. They were trying to c ut down on hoarding. We can have food problems. We can't solve them. We can't have hunger problems. We can't solve them with organic production. We Americans take a plentiful supply of food for granted. And we've forgotten that the history of the world i s a long search for food security. We have to remember that the history of agriculture is not a long crime, not a sort of industrial fall from grace, but rather the greatest success story the world has ever seen. The advances in farming and the application of tech nology to production of food have made us better fed, safer, healthier and richer. Those are very good things, and we should give than ks for our good fortune. And that's why you should vote in favor of this motion. John Donvan: Thank you, Blake Hurst. [applause] John Donvan:Our motion is "Organic food is marketing hype." An d summarizing her position against the motion is Urvashi Rangan who is director of tec hnical policy for the Consumers Union. Urvashi Rangan: Thank you. Our opponents have just been off topic this entire evening, and the resolution is not about yield and how much organic yields vers us conventional. Does it yield more or less? It's not about whether organic feeds the world or not. That's not the resolution. The resolution is whether it's marketing hype. Joh n on the other side, brought up, it doesn't offer health benefits. It doesn't, so ther efore it's marketing hype. It was never designed to be a healthier food product for you, th e human being. It turns out there are some inadvertent benefits about being healthier to the environment. And that's what it was designed for. And it turns out when we're bett er to the environment, and we're better to the animals that we raise, and we don't soak the se animals and the ground they're on with drugs and chemicals and heavy metals, it turns out that might be better for us too.
[applause] Urvashi Rangan: And that is in fact why organic is not marketing hy pe. It began as something that was positive for the earth. And my opponents did not r efute not a single of my first three points in terms of poop being fed to animals. John , the U.K. closed up all the loopholes with animal feed with mad cow. We didn't do that. And so organic offers that tangible benefit. We mitigate those exposures in organic fo od production. Secondly, with antibiotics, we have a big problem with the resista nce of bacteria at antibiotics. Our opponents had no response whatsoever to that point. There is a tangible danger associated with conventional production. And we feed animals heavy metals. Just today, the inspector general of the USDA came out with a report showing residues of heavy metals, chemicals and drugs in meat. It's there. It's in the meat. Organic doesn't use thos e things. And therefore, organic is not marketing hype. We urge you to vote against this r esolution.
John Donvan: Thank you, Urvashi Rangan. [applause] John Donvan: Our motion is "Organic food is marketing hype." An d summarizing his support for the motion, Dennis Avery, director of the Hudson Instit ute, Center for Global Food Issues.
Dennis Avery: Bruce Ames, University of California Berkeley, one of the most knowledgeable cancer researchers in the world, tested pesticides, tested first synthetic pesticides and found about half of them caused cancer in rats at high do ses. He was applauded by the organicmovement. Then he started testing natural compound s and whether they caused rat -- cancer in rats at high doses. And about half of th em did. And this is where Dr. Krebs got his point about the 46 carcinogens in the coffee. And the actual reality is that 99.99 percent of the carcinogens that you ingest are from Mother Nature. They're there mostly in the plant foods that we eat and consume and brew . And there if you're eating organic food at all this additional expense, you might be r educing your exposure to cancer by something on the order of 1/10,000 of 1 percent. I was a little surprised to find that we were also here tonight to discuss the pig poo in th e waters of the state of North Carolina.
But since I have in fact analyzed the data on that particular question, I can tell you that there has been no change in the water quality in No rth Carolina since they started growing hogs down there. There is a problem with t he water quality below the cities because the sewage treatment plants don't deal adeq uately with the people poo.
John Donvan: Dennis Avery, your time is up. Dennis Avery: Not the pig. John Donvan: Thank you very much. And that concludes this intel ligence squared U.S. debate.
[applause] John Donvan: And now it is time to learn which side has argued b est. We are asking you in the audience to choose our winner. We're asking you to go to the keypad, to the right of each seat. Our motion is “Organic food is marketing hyp e.” If you agree with the motion after hearing these arguments, press Number 1. If you ar e against the motion, you disagree after hearing these arguments, push Number 2. If y ou remain or became undecided, push number three. And we will have the readout on thes e results almost instantaneously. Before we announce the results of the votes, I just want to -- first of all, I want to thank -- this is different from other debates that we've had in some ways.
[laughter] John Donvan: And I really want to thank the panels for making it so spirited and so interesting, so thank you to all of you. [applause] John Donvan: So I want to let you know that our next debate will be on Tuesday, May 8th. The motion is “Obama's Foreign Policy Spells America's Decline .” Panelists for the motion areAndrew Card, former Chief of Staff for President Ge orge W. Bush, and Dan Senor, a former Pentagon and White House advisor. Against t he motion we have Wesley Clark, a retired four star general who served as NATO's Supr eme Allied Commander, and French philosopher and bestselling author, Bernard Henri L evy. And individual tickets are still available by visiting our Web site and out front at the Skirball box office.
You can make sure to become a fan of Intelligence S quared U.S. on Facebook and then you can receive a discount on our upcoming debates. We would also like to announce that for the first time Intelligence Squared U.S. i s going on the road. We will be in Washington, D.C. for our first ever debate outside of New York City on Tuesday, June 8th, at the Newseum. The motion there will be “The Cyber War Threat Has Been Grossly Exaggerated.” I expect to see all of you o n the shuttle on the way down.
[laughter] John Donvan: Our guests there will include top cyber security ex perts including the former Director of the NSA, retired Vice Admiral Mike McConnell. And you can tell all of your friends in Washington, D.C. the tickets are on sale now throug h our Web site. All of our debates can be heard on more than 220 NPR stations across t he country. You can also watch the spring debates on the Bloomberg Television Network. Airdates and times can be found in your program. And don't forget to read about to night's debate in the next issue of "Newsweek" and to pick up a current issue on your w ay out. One more round of applause, I want to thank the people who asked the questions, including those who did not get answers. [applause] John Donvan: So the results are in. Before the debate, on the m otion Organic Food is Marketing Hype, before the debate, 21 percent of you were for the m otion, 45 percent were against the motion, and 34 percent were undecided. After the d ebate, 21 percent remained for the motion, 69 percent are against, 10 percent are unde cided. The side against the motion wins. [applause] John Donvan: Congratulations to them. Thank you from me, John D onvan, and from Intelligence Squared U.S.
There are a billion hungry people in the world—we cannot ignore the trade-offs of organic farming, which requires more land and leads to more soil erosion than conventional farming.
Because organic farming prioritizes land conservation and biodiversity, it provides consumers the option of purchasing goods produced using environmentally conscious practices.
Pesticides, which are banned on organic farms, have been found to harm children and fetuses, and the runoff from their use creates dead zones, areas unable to foster non-algae life, in rivers and oceans.
Organic farm practices ensure animals are humanely raised and protect against antibiotic overuse, which has led to outbreaks of antibiotic resistant bacteria on conventional farms.
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Weighted blankets are no longer an unknown or new concept but a popular and widely used therapeutic accessory. The heavy weight of these products triggers the release of “happy hormones” which in turn alleviates stress, insomnia, and many other physiological and emotional disorders.
When buying a weighted product such as the blanket, the focus is largely on “weight”—and rightly so, as the blankets need to be the recommended weight to offer the best benefits. But there is another factor which can equally impact your comfort levels—the “fabric” of your blanket.
Weighted blankets can be compared to a sandwich with the top and bottom layers built of heavy fabric sealing the fillings (poly pellets or grains) inside. If you have shopped for weighted products before or are in the process of researching for the best ones, you know there are a variety of fabrics to choose from. These include cotton, linen, flannel, silk, polyester, and mixed fabrics.
Each fabric feels, costs, and lasts differently, and has its own pros and cons. In this article, we compare the two most popular fabrics used for weighted blankets—cotton and polyester. Read on to find out the advantages and disadvantages of each, and which amongst these two is a better choice in terms of comfort, pricing, variety, convenience, and more.
Cotton and Polyester weighted blankets—a 7-point comparison index
Fabric selection is perhaps the most important part of buying a weighted blanket. You need to be sure about its durability and safety in terms of allergies, heat absorption, tactile input, and other factors. The trick here is to weigh the pros and cons against multiple parameters and determine the one that suits you best.
We have put together an index of 7 core factors to compare cotton and polyester fabrics for weighted blankets. Let’s get started.
An obvious and critical parameter is comfort since you will be using these blankets while sleeping and relaxing—so a fabric that is even remotely discomforting can adversely affect your quality of sleep. Cotton is regarded highly for its soft feel and natural comfort. It is a preferred choice for beddings, pillows, apparels and sewing materials. Harvested from the cotton plant, the fabric is highly breathable and moisture absorbent. The fabric feels soft against your skin, keeps the temperature levels regulated, and feels light against your skin.
Made with synthetic material, polyester is yet another popular fabric used for sewing weighted blankets. The material feels soft and smooth against the skin but is not as absorbent as cotton. It can leave the user feeling sweaty and hot. However, if added heat is not a concern than polyester blankets can feel quite comfortable too.
2. Thermostat/temperature regulation property
This is an important characteristic to consider when buying a blanket. Do you live in a tropical zone? Are the summers really hot? Or, is it a colder region? The answer to these questions can influence your choice of fabric.
Cotton has the ability to absorb moisture and reflect heat, therefore keeping the temperature stable. In simpler terms, a cotton blanket allows your skin to breathe and release body heat, keeping your body temperature regulated. This works great for people living in hotter areas, or even for children who have a tendency to run warm. A 100% cotton fabric will ensure you stay comfortable all through the night (and even during daytime napping).
Quick side note: After conducting extensive reviews, my recommended weighted blanket is Quility which can be found on Amazon. I prefer this particular model available in both adult and child sizing.
Polyester works in a completely opposite manner. It is non-breathable and non-absorbent—which means that a polyester blanket will keep the heat trapped in it and can keep you warmer than normal. Obviously, this can be a good choice for people living in colder conditions and even older adults who tend to run cold.
Cotton is a natural fiber and hence less likely to irritate the skin. It feels soft and supple against the body and keeps you feeling cool. Cotton is non-allergenic which is why it is a preferred fabric for infant clothes, washcloths, undergarments, comforters, and quilts. When it comes to comfort coupled with safety, cotton is a universal choice.
Like all things synthetic, polyester has its drawbacks too. It isn’t water absorbent or breathable, which can leave you feeling overly hot or sweaty. This, in turn, can aggravate skin problems and other allergies. Children with sensory disorders or those prone to allergies should avoid polyester and other synthetic fabrics which can aggravate their symptoms.
Cotton is all natural and highly absorbent. This makes it prone to shrinking and staining. Excessive exposure to sunlight or moisture can reduce the lifespan of cotton fabrics. The upkeep and maintenance of cotton blankets can be more challenging than polyester.
If you are looking for a sturdier and long lasting fabric for your weighted blanket, polyester is your go-to material. Made with highly resilient synthetic fibers, the fabric can go through a lot of wear and tear, and is easy to maintain. It is also quite stain resistant and does not shrink with regular washing. An added advantage is that polyester dries quickly, a common concern in colder regions.
There are numerous designs and customizations available for both cotton and polyester. You can take your pick of colors from nudes to brighter shades, kid-friendly patterns, simple classic designs, and more.
On the outset, cotton produces deeper colors when dyed and stretches well. But the sheen can diminish over time, making the fabric appear dull. With polyester, fading is not an issue so your fabric will look the same even after prolonged use. However, there are users who swear by 100% cotton for its soft feel and appearance, while many others prefer plush fabrics which are mostly polyester.
Organic cotton is hypoallergenic, smooth, and keeps the body temperature regulated. Given such benefits, the cost of pure organic cotton is quite high. You can find conventional and organic varieties in cotton. While 100% organic is expensive, a mix of conventional and organic cotton can be more affordable. Check with the manufacturer on the type of cotton used for sewing the blankets.
Polyester has multiple varieties, including the plush Minky varieties used for baby blankets. Depending on the type of material you choose, the cost of polyester blankets can vary. In general, Minky fabrics are the most popular and as such more expensive than other varieties.
If you are on a budget, a conventional cotton blanket might work out to be more cost-effective than the plush polyester options. However, there are cheaper polyester blends available too—but they come with their own set of drawbacks, as discussed in this article above.
7. Curative value
Whether you choose cotton or polyester, the real therapeutic benefit of a weighted blanket lies in its weight and the way it has been distributed throughout the fabric. Of course, the fabric cover makes a distinct impact on the overall feel of the blanket.
For sensory processing disorders or kids with autism, a pure organic cotton cover is recommended. It doesn’t feel harsh against the skin and can keep your kid comfortably warm without getting too hot (or cold). However, if you suffer from hot flashes, then the extra absorbent power of a cotton fabric might make your symptoms worse. Your occupational therapist can also help you determine the fabric that will work best for you.
In terms of availability, both cotton and polyester are widely used and easily available. Weighing your options against the above factors can definitely guide you in picking the right fabric.
Weighted blanket basics
A better understanding of what goes into the making of a weighted blanket can also be useful when buying one for your needs. So, here’s a quick peek into the process!
Want my recommendation? Quility is my #1 choice for weighted blankets and can be found on Amazon. I recommend this particular model available in both adult and child sizing.
Weighted blankets are different from the regular comforters and are therefore customized in a completely different manner too. They are created to mimic the benefits of deep touch pressure therapy (DPT)—a form of gentle but deep massage that offers proprioceptive input to the whole body. This is similar to a firm handshake, a warm hug, or cuddle that initiates feelings of security and comfort.
So how does a blanket offer these benefits? Weighted blankets use fillers such as poly pellets, glass beads, or grains that are evenly woven together all through the fabric. The safest and most recommended fillers are the plastic poly pellets or glass beads that are non-allergenic and convenient to maintain.
These add to the weight of the blanket and massage the sensory points across the body triggering the release of serotonin and melatonin. These are neurotransmitters that assist with promoting better sleep, soothing the nervous system, and alleviating stress.
Ideally, weighted blankets should be 10% plus a pound or two of the user’s body weight—any more or less can impact the quality of benefits it offers. There are many brands that manufacture weighted blankets, lap pads and other products customized as per different needs and sizes. If you would like a more personalized touch, you can make your own weighted blanket from scratch. There are a variety of DIY videos that can assist you with this.
From occupational therapists to mental health care clinics, weighted blankets are widely used and recommended. These are especially beneficial for disorders such as insomnia, restlessness and anxiety, autism, Alzheimer’s and even painful conditions such as restless leg syndrome and fibromyalgia. A lot of users claim to use weighted blankets as a comforting tool throughout the day to help them stay calm and focused.
If we had to choose, we would probably go for a blended version—taking the best of both fabrics. Combining the softness and breathability of cotton with the sturdiness and versatility of polyester can give us the perfect version. Together they can produce a superior quality fabric, but individually both have their own benefits and disadvantages.
In comparison, cotton proves to be a safer and softer alternative for a therapeutic product like a weighted blanket. There is no risk of allergies or overheating when using a cotton fabric for your blankets and comforters. It is also the most widely used and manufactured fabric in the range of weighted products. It reflects the temperature of your room so can be safely used in most seasons, whereas polyester can make your summers miserable. Synthetic fibers also have the associated risk of causing skin sensitivities and not a great option for kids with sensory disorders.
The final choice would definitely depend on the user’s preference and of course, the recommendation of your health practitioner—but upon weighing all the pros and cons, we consider “cotton” as the king.
Still unsure? Amazon is a great source to get adult and child sized weighted blankets. I recommend this particular model available in both adult and child sizing. | <urn:uuid:027cb544-d231-495a-aad9-6f6e1a4672a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://weightedblanketreport.com/cotton-vs-polyester-weighted-blanket/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.936872 | 2,309 | 1.507813 | 2 |
NSS 2014: Significant Progress But More to Do
NSS 2014: Significant Progress But More to Do
At the end of the 2014 Nuclear Security Summit in The Hague, 53 world leaders returned home having made a range of commitments to secure dangerous nuclear materials and prevent them from ending up in the hands of terrorists. The Summit was significant in several ways:
Individual and group commitments by countries offered actionable—and ambitious—steps to reduce the risk of nuclear terrorism
A growing number of countries recognize the need for an international architecture, or global system, which holds all states accountable to a common set of standards and best practices.
Principles that NTI developed in advance of the Summit were reflected in the Summit Communiqué and key initiatives. NTI’s Global Dialogue on Nuclear Security Priorities, which brought together officials from Summit countries, key outside experts and industry leaders, developed four key principles to guide a global nuclear materials security system:
- The system should cover all weapons-useable materials, including nuclear materials used for military purposes.
- The system should employ international standards and best practices.
- All states should commit to measures that reassure other states that their security practices are effective, while protecting sensitive information.
- All states should commit to reducing—and, where possible, eliminating—their nuclear weapons-usable materials to minimize the risks these stockpiles pose.
Key commitments and recommendations coming out of the Summit process were consistent with these principles:
- The Hague Communiqué, the document that reflects the consensus position of the Summit participants, called for strengthened and comprehensive international nuclear security architecture.
- In the same document, countries agreed to measures that build the confidence of others about the effectiveness of security without disclosing sensitive information. This is a significant change in the nuclear security field.
- Thirty-five countries (two-thirds of Summit participants) agreed to put principles into practice by joining the “Strengthening Nuclear Security Implementation” initiative advanced by the United States, the Netherland and the Republic of Korea. They pledged to improve the effectiveness of their nuclear security through internal assessments and peer reviews, then acting upon those recommendations. They also committed to ensuring the IAEA’s voluntary guidelines are reflected in, or exceeded by, their regulations. Finally, these countries also obligate themselves to ensuring those responsible for nuclear security are demonstrably competent—in other words, are qualified for security roles and professionally certified.
NTI Index a Critical Tool
The 2014 NTI Nuclear Security Index emerged as an important tool for individual countries in reviewing their own actions and in assessing the status of nuclear security today. Leaders from Australia, Canada, Denmark, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands and Poland cited the NTI Nuclear Materials Security Index in their opening statements, progress reports and other official documents. Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt also cited the Index in a tweet.
The Industry Summit
Effective nuclear materials security at the national and global levels requires efforts by many, including operators of nuclear facilities. The organizations and individuals responsible for “on-the-ground” security at nuclear facilities or during transport have a key role because that is where security procedures are put into practice and where a failure could be catastrophic.
Consistent with past Summits, The Netherlands organized an Industry Summit to engage industry leaders on their role in securing nuclear materials—an effort which reflected a deeper commitment by participants. Emeritus Board Member Susan Eisenhower gave a keynote address highlighting the industry's dual responsibilities to provide peaceful benefits of the atom and also to protect society against potential threats and misuse. Roger Howsley, executive director of the World Institute for Nuclear Security, outlined efforts to promulgate best practices and launched the WINS Academy to create credible professional certification for those responsible for nuclear security within organizations. Ken Ellis, managing director of the World Association of Nuclear Operators, speaking for himself, underscored the importance of the nuclear security mission and highlighted the need for nuclear industry to take a more active role in addressing gaps, rather than merely reacting to regulatory obligations.
NTI President Joan Rohlfing will serve on the advisory committee for the 2016 Industry Summit.
Looking to 2016
The clock is ticking on what may be the last Nuclear Security Summit, which will be held in the United States. Leading up to this event, the consensus on key principles that emerged in 2014 must be turned into actions that create a sustainable nuclear materials security system. U.S. leadership will be needed to meet ambitious goals, among them:
- Turning the principles of The Hague Communiqué into a practical, effective system, one in which all participants are accountable for their responsibilities and commitments.
- Engaging Summit countries in ensuring the security of all nuclear materials, including plutonium and the 85% of weapons-usable materials categorized as military or non-civilian and not covered by most current agreements and guideline
The United States also has important work to do on the domestic front. One priority is passing the legislation necessary to ratify the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism and the 2005 Amendment to the Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials. Without these actions, these agreements cannot take full effect globally, and the United States has less authority to urge other nations to do more.
Finally, all countries will need to meet their own commitments in acknowledgement that global security is only as strong as the weakest link in the chain.
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The U.S. nuclear budget comprises a variety of programs associated with nuclear weapons, nuclear nonproliferation, nuclear security, and legacy environmental and health costs. | <urn:uuid:07888e67-d787-4474-931e-366883f4e124> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/nss-2014-significant-progress-more-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.921494 | 1,235 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Answered Questions is a monthly resource for the Spanish language Disability Community that fills an information need. Each month, we look through the searches on our blog and through the information requests made by our patrons who speak Spanish and pick a topic that fills the largest need. Each resource mentioned below is associated with this month’s information need. We search the various Spanish language news sources and feeds throughout the month to bring you these articles. With the exception of the NIDILRR Projects and Further Investigation, all the linked articles and resources are in Spanish – any that are in English will be clearly marked. This month’s question is: How does recreational therapy benefit people with mental health disorders? This edition of Answered Questions includes items that discuss the benefits and barriers to leisure, how physical and leisure activities affect the health and recovery of people with mental illness, leisure generated meanings and their effect on persons with mental illness, apps that help returning soldiers with PTSD, and the social impact of education on recreation in a communal context.
The benefits and barriers to leisure occupations (NARIC Accession Number: J55699) (In English).
This article discusses the importance that leisure activities have in relation to the quality of life of people with neurological disabilities. Leisure activities that are freely chosen provide a sense of personal identity and control. They also help people adapt to life with a disability. Leisure activities provide opportunities for people with neurological disabilities to experience self-worth, creativity, self-expression, and self-efficacy.
Leisure-generated meanings and active living for persons with mental illness (NARIC Accession Number: J67295) (In English).
This study looked at the role of leisure-generated meanings (LGMs) that were experienced by individuals with mental illness from diverse cultures in aiding them to better cope with stress, to adjust to mental illness, to recover from mental illness, and to feel more engaged in life. Researchers interviewed African Americans, Hispanics/Latino Americans, Asian Americans, and European Americans between the ages of 23 and 78 with mental illness (such as bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia). The results from the study showed that LGMs predicted the adjustment to and recovery from mental illness, stress-coping through leisure, satisfaction with leisure activities, the positive perception of active living, and lower boredom. These results has implications for psychiatric rehabilitation so as to better support people with mental illness from an active living promotion perspective that includes leisure.
Physical activity, leisure, and health for persons with mental illness, (NARIC Accession Number: J59839) (In English).
This article discusses the use of physical activity and leisure as interventions for the promotion of health and recovery in people with mental illness. The discussion includes (1) mental illness and leisure involvement in physical activities, (2) change to mental illness and leisure services benefits, and (3) the historical social assumptions about mental illness.
App designed to helps soldiers with posttraumatic stress disorder returning from the front to return to everyday life (Fox News Latino and MejorTablet)
The Department of Defense has created a new app developed by mental health experts to help soldiers returning from the front to everyday life with posttraumatic stress disorder. The app, “Positive Activity Jackpot”, was designed at the National Center on Telehealth and Technology at the Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington State. This app provides leisure options to soldiers with the aim to improve, what for some, may be a difficult transition. The app is free, can be used by anyone, and is currently only available for Android systems.
The social impact of education on recreation in a communal context (Investigación y Postgrado)
This article discusses the research of the social impact of education on recreation, especially on aspects like community, social control and health promotion in primary schools and local communities. This article through discussing the research also discusses how education for recreation and the practice of recreation itself acquire importance in the bio-psycho-social aspects of each person.
Leisure and Employment for the Rehabilitation of Severe Mental Disorders (Terapia Ocupacional en Salud Mental)
This article analyzes a bibliographic review of the existing research on leisure and employment as viewed by occupational therapy (OT) and how they relate to people with psychiatric disabilities. Evidence shows that with the application of OT on the areas of leisure and employment benefits people with psychiatric disabilities. The article includes a chart of different psychiatric disabilities (along with cognitive disabilities) and how leisure activities and employment can be beneficial to people with those specific disabilities.
- Colombia – Beneficios de la Recreacion – This article in PDF format from the Republic of Colombia’s Cultural Ministry discusses the benefits of recreation. The article includes a description of general benefits, the benefits at different life cycles, a “reminder” of the benefits of leisure and recreation, and a “reminder” of the benefits of physical activities. The benefits include the benefits of recreation, leisure, and physical activities on mental health.
- Peru – The Peruvian Ministry of Health’s Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health provides mental health services, recreational services related to mental health, and Childhood Mental Health Campaigns, along with a psychiatry and mental health journal that discusses different mental health topics with each publication.
- USA – It’s Never Too Late to Start Exercising (National Institute on Aging) This telenovela from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) follows Lucy, Pepe, and their friends as they learn about the benefits of exercise and physical activities. This telenovela is part of NIA’s Go4Life campaign (In English). | <urn:uuid:18070c67-6cf8-4074-bb72-f3a4e8308192> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://naricspotlight.wordpress.com/2015/04/27/answered-questions-monthly-news-for-the-disability-community-april-2015/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.928788 | 1,201 | 2.84375 | 3 |
What I’ve discovered is, there’s a separation between church and state — in other words, the editors of most magazines and newspapers don’t care how long you’ve been writing advertising copy, it doesn’t make you a Continue reading
I recently completed a project for an estate and trust lawyer. And another client of mine is an investment advisor. Both of them are in the ‘money’ business. One helps clients accumulate it; and the other helps them dispose of it. But I’ve always believed that money is the least of what we leave behind — our legacy, in other words.
Which is the reason why I decided to take a stab at a recent WordPress Daily Prompt for this post: “Imagine yourself at the end of your life. What sort of legacy will you leave? Describe the lasting effect you want to have on the world, after you’re gone.”
A good place to start is probably the non-monetary legacy my parents left me. They were kind, loving, generous people. Everyone was welcome in their home, in their lives and in their hearts. It didn’t matter who you were, or where you came from.
They were honest to a fault. Their ‘word’ was like a blood oath. And there isn’t a human being who ever knew them, who would ever have questioned their integrity, or their intentions.
Family and friends meant everything to them; and whenever anyone needed help my parents could Continue reading
Whose name comes to mind when you think of feminists? Without spending too much time thinking about it, a few come to my mind.
Susan B. Anthony, who was an American suffragette. Liz Carpenter, one of the founders of the National Women’s Political Caucus. Letty Cottin Pogrebin, an American writer and journalist, who was one of the first girls to celebrate a bat mitzvah in Conservative Judaism.
Harriet Tubman, the African American slave who went on to become an abolitionist, humanitarian and Union spy. And perhaps, one of the best known, at least in our time, Gloria Steinem, the American journalist, social and political activist.
What I didn’t know, is that there are some men who have made the list of feminists. Here’s just a few:
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim, who was born way back in 1486. He was a German magician, occult writer, theologian, astrologer and alchemist, who also happened to write the “Declaration on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex”. Alan Alda, an American actor of some note, who campaigned for the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970’s and early 1980’s. John Lennon, who presumably needs no introduction, and Joss Whedon, the writer-director and creator Continue reading | <urn:uuid:ea4ba812-0553-4fd8-b2c9-1e80c9dd48c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://weinstein365.wordpress.com/tag/activists/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.969859 | 616 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Quality is delighting customers
1.Basically error is a mistake done by a programmer in coding.
2. While Bug is issue which is logged by tester during testing if application not fulfill the requirements of project.
3. Defect is that issue which is accepted by the developer that the bug which you have logged is really a problem in project
Nice comments on the error but as far as my concern..
Bug : - issue which found by testing engineer while testing and
defects :- which issue have been missed by testing engineer and its comes in front after application release..
But i am still confuse that defects comes in front after release than what is defect leakage...
Please friend clear me :--
1) Mistake which is done by the developer while writing a code. for example to say, instead of A+b, he/she has mention
A-B. This is called Error.
2)Not getting the expected result. For example to say, clicking on link is not directing to page. This is called Bug.
3)Varies with the expected the result. For example to say, Clicking on link is directing to some other page which is not specified.
Defect Leakage: Defect leakage occurs at the customer or the end user side after the application deliver. After the release of the application to the client, if the end user get any type of defects by using that application then it is called as Defect Leakage. This Defect Leakage is also called as Bug Leakage.
With Warm Regards,
error:if developer find any mistakes while coding and execution is called error
Defect:if testers find any deviation between expected and actual results will say it as defect
bug:if the defect identified is accepted by developers than we say it as bug.
It is developed in the development environment before the the product is given to the client.
It is found in the product itself after the product is given to the client.
It is the deviation from the actual value from the expected value.
refer to previous discussion in this forum.
As per my knowledge,
Error- Mistake in coding - By programmer
Bug- Find that mistake by Test Engineer while application in under testing
Defect - same error treats as defect by developer once test engineer posted in defect tracking
Issue: If client find that error ofter release or in production
welcome rt comments if its mistake
BUG: A fault in a program, which causes the program to perform in an unintended or unanticipated manner.
DEFECT: If software misses some feature or function from what is there in requirement it is called as defect
ERROR: A mistake in the system under test; usually but not always a coding mistake on the part of the developer | <urn:uuid:d84ee3d9-7f28-43ef-a0a5-111c4e4f5915> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.qualitytesting.info/forum/topics/what-exactly-differences-btw-error-bug-and-defect-with-example?commentId=2064344%3AComment%3A455557 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.960006 | 618 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić says that Serbia could submit its EU membership application before the end of the year, during the Swedish EU presidency.
Jeremić said that, for Serbia, submitting the application was “strategically important, vital and crucial, and that it would draw a line under the international debate as to which path Serbia wanted to take.“
He added, though, that there was no ideal time for applying for membership and that it was important to remove the final barriers, including cooperation with the Hague Tribunal.
The foreign minister will be travelling to the UN General Assembly (GA) in New York next week in a delegation headed by President Boris Tadić.
He said that Tadić’s statement at the GA plenary session would focus on the world economic crisis and climate change, which were the central themes of this year’s session.
Several dozen bilateral meetings with other delegations, heads of state and government would also be held, where Serbia would have an opportunity to flesh out its arguments, primarily on the issue of safeguarding its sovereignty and territorial integrity, said Jeremić.
The minister said that he had information that Priština was well-prepared for the session in New York, working through lobby groups, NGOs and with the help of certain influential countries.
Speaking to Pink TV, he said that Belgrade was also very well-prepared and had identified the countries that were being pressured into recognizing Kosovo, which was the reason why Serbian officials had been making such a lot of trips abroad. | <urn:uuid:d24f6f93-736d-4381-8321-382d518b10fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eurasia.ro/2009/09/17/jeremic-eu-bid-still-possible-by-years-end/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.985773 | 324 | 1.6875 | 2 |
A Report On: Display Energy Certificates
What do Display Energy Certificates (DECs) really represent in 2020?
Display Energy Certificates, or DEC’s for short, were introduced by the Department for Communities and Local Government in 2008. They form part of the implementation of the European Directives 2002/91/EC and 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings.
“The purpose of introducing DECs is to raise public awareness of energy use and to inform visitors to public buildings about the energy use of a building” – A guide to Display Energy Certificates and advisory reports for public buildings, 2012, Department for Communities and Local Government.
A DEC provides a building with a rating from A-G that is benchmarked against all other buildings of that type within the UK. This rating is based on operational performance and uses actual energy consumption data over a twelve-month period.
Factors that can affect a buildings’ DEC rating are the total size of the building in terms of gross internal area (GIA), its operating hours, processes carried out within the building, energy consumption and degree days data.
DEC’s are mandatory for the public sector where a building is greater than 250m2 and is accessible to the public. An Advisory Report must accompany a DEC; this report contains information on the building, its operation and lists all the energy-saving recommendations identified by the DEC assessor.
Currently, in the private sector, these are voluntary; but many companies and building owners use DEC to provide an annual assessment of how well their building is performing at an operational level. This also provides an opportunity to have an energy audit and identify potential financial savings.
DEC’s can also be used in the private sector as a route to legislative compliance with the Energy Saving Opportunity Scheme, which came into effect in 2014/2015.
To produce a DEC, you must have a qualified DEC assessor undertake the work. They will be accredited with a professional body, listed on the approved register of assessors and conducts yearly CPD to ensure they stay up to date with the requirements.
As a DEC assessor, their work will be regularly checked and submitted for quality assurance assessment by the professional body. 2EA Consulting Limited have two qualified and certified DEC assessors registered with the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers.
The DEC is submitted through a centralised database and the rating calculated using the government-approved operational methodology. There are over 25 main benchmarks, ranging from hospitals to hotels and leisure centres to university campuses, with further subcategories to give the most accurate rating possible.
Once a DEC is produced, it needs to be displayed in a prominent place viewable by the public. The certificate needs to be in A3 colour format and its validity is dependent upon the building size. For buildings over 1,000m2, the DEC is valid for twelve months; if the building is under 1,000m2, then it is valid for a period of 10 years.
However, the building occupier can opt to renew early as this provides more accurate reporting on the buildings’ performance. The Advisory Report is valid for 7 years and 10 years respectively and does not need to be publicly displayed.
This is where the question: What do they really represent in 2020? Is really answered.
What do (DECs) really represent in 2020?
The DEC provides the buildings’ occupiers and visitors the opportunity to see how that building is performing against a recognised benchmark. It engages them to be more energy conscious and encourages them to reduce energy consumption. The Advisory Report details recommendations that can cut energy costs, whether by installing a new boiler or implementing additional staff training.
The DEC assessors job is not just to audit the building and identify savings, but to engage with staff and promote best practice in energy conservation. So, a Display Energy Certificate can be more than just a legislative requirement, but an opportunity to improve a buildings’ performance, reduce energy costs, engage with staff and make everyone more energy conscious; something that is very important in today’s world. | <urn:uuid:fbe3f890-44ac-4a56-aff7-b9995a233043> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://2ea.co.uk/A-Report-On-Display-Energy-Certificates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.950103 | 841 | 3 | 3 |
“Dooring” events – crashes or other collisions triggered by a motorist opening their door into a cyclist or the cyclist’s path — are one of the more common collision events for cyclists in urban areas. Often with devastating results. As a bicycle accident lawyer, I’ve seen folks who have suffered catastrophic head injuries, shoulder injuries, neck injuries, etc., as a direct result of these incidents. Unfortunately, the cyclist is often without any means of preventing or avoiding these crash events. Why? Visibility and notice are the key problems.
Contrary to what many motorists (and jurors) may think, the cyclist usually has no warning that a “dooring” event is about to occur. A cyclist’s ability to see into the passenger compartment of a parked vehicle is usually very limited, most commonly due to window tinting (present on most mini-vans and SUVs) or sun glare reflecting off of the vehicles’ windows. Now, factor in the reality that cyclists are legally obligated to ride as far to the right side of the road/lane as possible in order to avoid obstructing the flow of traffic, and the recipe for disaster should be clear. The easiest means to avoid these accidents is to place an obligation on motorists to look before they open their doors! Why? Simple. Unlike the approaching cyclist, a motorist has direct knowledge of their plan to open the door, has no impediments to their ability to see through their windows, and has the added benefit of being able to view the approach of the cyclist in their mirrors.The vast majority of States in the US have traffic statutes which address Dooring by imposing a duty on all drivers to verify they can safely open their car doors before they do so. Unfortunately, New Jersey has no such statute.
As an avid cyclist and bicycle injury attorney in New Jersey, I think it is time for that to change. I urge you to do your part by writing to your state legislators and seeking change. Not sure who they are? You can look them up here. For more information of “dooring” and a summary of the way this hazard is addressed across the United States, visit League of American Cyclists website. | <urn:uuid:cc664350-18ec-4ce8-aa67-0662c573aa97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.personalinjurylawjournal.com/bicycle-injury/new-jersey-needs-traffic-statute-addressing-hazard-dooring/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.969966 | 454 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The Women and Work Commission published a report yesterday citing an increase in the wage gap in the UK. The commission found an increase in the wage gap from 21.9 to 22.6 percent since 2007. Although the gap has decreased overall in the last ten years, the gender disparity is even larger when accounting for part-time wages; the gap in those cases nears 40 percent.
The report suggests that the wage gap costs the economy 23 billion British pounds in productivity. The Minister for Women and Equality, Harriet Harman, told the BBC that the government would work to stop the gender gap first by banning “secrecy clauses in employment contracts so that women can challenge unfair pay” and then using stronger tactics if necessary. The report provides 43 additional recommendations for closing the gap such as non-traditional job placement, challenging school gender stereotyping, and professionalizing childcare.
Baroness Margaret Prosser, chair of the commission, wrote in the report that more action needs to be taken to prevent the reversal of “the positive progress that has been made, reports Reuters. | <urn:uuid:13cb9e34-f850-4129-af8d-5e516bcdab17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://feminist.org/news/uk-wage-gap-persists/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942846 | 219 | 2.5 | 2 |
With The Tools of Asclepius Lawrence Bliquez offers the first comprehensive treatment in English of the instruments and paraphernalia employed by Greco-Roman surgeons since John St. Milne’s Surgical Instruments in Greek and Roman Times (1907). Introductory sections cover topics ranging from literary and archaeological sources to the design, materials and production of instruments and the training and practice of the doctors-surgeons who used them. Summaries of Hippocratic and Hellenistic surgery lead to the meat of the book: tools used during the Roman Empire. These are presented by category (e.g. Cutting Instruments) broken into subcategories (Scalpel, Lithotome, etc.). A substantial appendix deals with biodegradable items, such as suppositories. Much new material is featured and the book is richly illustrated. | <urn:uuid:0b64fc58-e9f3-4c78-bd03-ff93060a7cd1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://classics.washington.edu/research/publications/tools-asclepius | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.928751 | 173 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Solar ovens let low-income Indians to cook with clean, free energy
An unexpected gift received while interning at a clean energy company got a new idea brewing in the mind of Vishaka Chandhere.
"It was a turning point in my life. Once I saw how solar cookers impact all 17 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), I knew this could affect monumental change for millions of people and our environment and I wanted to be a part of it,” says Chandhere.
After learning more about the merits of solar-powered cookstoves – and having a positive experience in using hers – Chandhere decided to launch Orjabox, a start-up headquartered in Maharashtra, India, that helps women cook safely by teaching them how to capture heat energy from the Sun.
Cooking practices in India
Despite a massive government plan to roll out liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) across India as a cleaner fuel, increasing evidence shows that it does not align well with reality, in terms of availability, affordability, personal preferences and cultural norms.
India has the world’s largest concentration of people using traditional biomass with inefficient stoves for cooking: ~840 million citizens rely fully or partially on such fuels, according to a 2016 report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development.
Many of these households depend on finite and unpredictable sources of income, and must meet their energy needs (as all other household needs) within these financial constraints. As a result, they turn to energy sources they perceive to be ‘free’ such as firewood and dung.
On average, 85% of household fuelwood supply in India goes to cooking, says the Food and Agriculture Organization. In rural areas, up to 63% of households continue to use firewood, dung cakes and agricultural residue as the primary fuel for cooking, according to the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), a not-for-profit policy research institution.
As cooking is mainly carried out by women, they play an important role in managing domestic energy needs. Women and children bear much of the burden of collecting firewood or other traditional fuels -- and are disproportionally affected by negative health impacts linked to its use.
In 2019, women and children accounted for a large share of nearly 600 000 deaths (in India alone) attributed to indoor air pollution linked to cooking with biomass, as per the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Overcoming negative perceptions of a new product
"Solar cookstoves are completely carbon-neutral unlike other so-called clean cooking devices. There are no emissions at all, except for the ones that have gone into the making of the solar box”, says Chandhere.
While some emissions arise during the production of solar cookers, their operation is carbon-free. But the promise of a smaller carbon footprint is not necessarily a key selling point in markets she is trying to reach. Instead, she focuses on other benefits.
In part, that means educating women about the reality that every cooking technology comes with certain limitations, and helping them see how solar cooking fits into their cooking options and their lifestyles. Most solar cookers achieve temperatures similar those of a slow cooker or Crockpot and are suitable for leaving food to simmer over long periods of time. Often, it is pointed out that they ‘free’ women from tending the fire to cook curries or other stew-like meals. Other solar cookers can reach very high heat and cook things that need to be boiled (such as rice) in minutes rather than hours.
"We are not saying that solar cooker will replace wood or LPG completely,” says Chandhere. “What we're saying is part of solar cooking will be helpful to you. Solar cookers give you a time management service.”
An example she gives is that women who need to go work in the fields can put their food in the solar cookers in the morning. When they return in the evening, the food is well on its way to being ready. In addition to cutting cooking time when they are tired, Chandhere says it also means they use far less wood or dung and avoid having to go collect or prepare these traditional sources.
But there are differences in how things cook and how they taste. For some foods, such as rotis (a flatbread staple of the North Indian diet), a smoky taste is desirable for most people. As a result, solar cooking has not enjoyed the same popularity as other cleaner cooking alternatives such as LPG.
To overcome the perception problems and build up her business, Chandhere has trained more than 1,500 women on the use and benefits of solar cooking, each of whom becomes a trainer to others in their communities.
If carefully promoted, Chandhere believes solar cooking can reduce the danger in unsafe cooking and, by freeing up their time, empower them to do other things. Over time, scaling up solar cooking will also prevent the felling of thousands of trees, thereby reducing deforestation that contributes to worsening heat stress and natural disasters.
Saving lives, one solar cookstove at a time
Globally, nearly 3 billion people still cook over wood, animal waste or charcoal fires, according to the World Health Organization. Many, including babies strapped to their mothers’ backs, inhale smoke and soot for hours every day. Or they rely on expensive, unsustainable fossil fuels.
To help poor people use cleaner fuels, including solar cookstoves, Chandhere has designed a pilot project called Orjaksham, which means 'energy enabled'.
"Our idea is that anyone who wants to have an emission free cooking should be able to have access to the cleanest stack of cooking, irrespective of whether you are rich or poor", says Chandhere.
"Wherever there is a scope to work on these lines, we are happy to work, even if the president wants to use solar cooker, we are happy to help with that.”
Thanks to her success in India, Chandhere now has plans to expand Orjabo into other parts of Asia including Pakistan and "wherever possible". | <urn:uuid:22262360-fcd6-4a7a-b6b5-06b0e77c4ff5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aburningconcern.today/post/solar-oven-allows-low-income-indians-to-cook-with-clean-free-energy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.95985 | 1,256 | 3.3125 | 3 |
The objective of this thesis is to study and analyze the economics of technological innovation in relation to market and industry analysis as applied to the Egyptian food processing industry. The research is motivated by the importance and impact of technological innovation on economic and industry processes, particularly pertaining to feasibility of technological adoption and subsequent diffusion of innovative technologies. The Egyptian Food Processing Industry is analyzed fully using descriptive microeconomic methodology and by utilizing an industry wise supply chain analysis. The main analytical elements include Stein's competitive advantage, Stoneman's rate of technology diffusion, and sensitivity analysis. The industry requires immediate technological gains in order to realize its benefits into the formal economy. The analysis reveals that with technological adoption, an innovative firm could achieve higher internal rates of return associated with gained competitive advantages. Diffusion of innovations, on the other hand, would essentially map technological adoption to output productivity, hence achieving economic development for our nation.
MA in Economics
Date of Award
Online Submission Date
Committee Member 1
Committee Member 2
Committee Member 3
John W Salevurakis
222 leaves :
Library of Congress Subject Heading 1
Food industry and trade
The American University in Cairo grants authors of theses and dissertations a maximum embargo period of two years from the date of submission, upon request. After the embargo elapses, these documents are made available publicly. If you are the author of this thesis or dissertation, and would like to request an exceptional extension of the embargo period, please write to [email protected]
(2006).Economics of technological innovation with application to the Egyptian food processing industry [Thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain.
Noaman, Safwan M. Economics of technological innovation with application to the Egyptian food processing industry. 2006. American University in Cairo, Thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:29a6a584-943b-4f53-aab1-6f6e8fe864cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fount.aucegypt.edu/retro_etds/1938/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.862635 | 537 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Preparing kale for a kale salad is easy. It just takes a sharp knife and a large How to care for Acacia wood furniture. (These raw greens consider up a great deal of space!) Fold each leaf in half and then reduce off the big woody stem in the center. Make a tight bundle with a number of leaves and thinly slice them with a sharp knife. Give them a great rinse and a turn in a lettuce spinner and you’re good to go. Otherwise, place them in a bowl of cold water, shake them about a little bit and raise them out into a colander and drain them really well. Lay them out on a layer or two of paper towels.
You can buy a industrial initial aid package to acacia stakes maintain in your pack, but I’d suggest that you both make your personal or complement you package to include some extra products. Irrespective, you ought to keep the subsequent items in your initial aid package: lip balm, hydrogen peroxide, benadryl, pain/fever relievers, hand sanitizer, afterbite, tweezers, band-aids, gauze pads, medical tape, antiseptic wipes, triple antibiotic wipes, burn jel, scissors and eye clean.
Jewish custom is that the golden Ark contained God’s broken tables, a jar of “manna” (unknown) that sustained the Israelites in the wilderness, and Aaron’s rod that budded right away as a signal acacia poles he was to be higher priest.
Buy a higher-quality meat thermometer to check the cooking temperature of your meats prior to removing from the stove. Meat must reach a minimal temperature to be secure. This temperature differs for each type of meat. Since germs is all around us, especially on meat, it is essential that you cook dinner your meat completely to destroy off this bacteria and consequently stop you from obtaining ill.
You can buy a commercial initial aid kit to maintain in your pack, but I’d suggest that you either make your personal or supplement you kit to include some extra products. Regardless, you ought to maintain the following products in your initial help package: lip balm, hydrogen peroxide, benadryl, pain/fever relievers, hand sanitizer, afterbite, tweezers, band-aids, gauze pads, medical tape, antiseptic wipes, triple antibiotic wipes, burn jel, scissors and eye clean.
Fire starting is an important ability in any emergency situation. Merely carrying some matches gained’t cut it. I suggest having equipment to offer for at minimum three methods to start a hearth. My favorites products are the Blastmatch firestarter, Mild My Hearth Swedish Firesteel firestarter, and a magnesium and flint bar. All three of these methods will produce a shower of sparks scorching sufficient to ignite your tinder and get a fire going. The initial two products will work below any type of climate circumstances, even intense wind.
A whistle is an essential item. Your voice will give out from yelling lengthy How to care for Acacia wood furniture before you can stop blowing on a whistle. Furthermore a quality whistle will be very loud and can be listened to a great distance absent. Essential if you’re trying to get rescued in a secluded region.
“Mush” the bag around so that the marinade will get thoroughly more than the steak. Put the bag into the bowl, making acacia poles sure the steak is submerged, and depart for at least 8 hours or right away. Flip the steak over at least as soon as.
The Tullero, an How to care for Acacia wood furniture outdoor dining/entertaining set that seats 4, is superb for the frugal shopper with tons of space, tons of buddies, and limited money. Supplement seating with a couple of Ikea Bollo acacia folding chairs, $19.ninety nine each, and you’ve got patio seating for 6 for about $180.
Bridal showers are frequently themed. This is why it is essential for the hostess to let the visitors know if there is a particular theme. For instance, if it is a lingerie shower, make sure every of the guests and the bride is conscious of that fact!
Now you will need to carve the white meat, which is the breast of the turkey. To carve the turkey breast the traditional way you will want to use a fork to hold the turkey breast in place and place your sharp knife as near to the wing as possible, but keep it parallel to the wing. Now you want to make a deep reduce in the direction of the ribs of the turkey. Still maintaining your fork in the breast, you will want to slice the turkey breast down towards the base reduce, halting once you reach acacia stakes the cut. Keep all of your slices skinny and even.
When you heat the wax, use a double boiler or make one of your own. Fill a big pan with water and location a smaller sized one within of it. Make certain that no water gets inside of the smaller sized container. This will prevent your wax from burning, and keep the temperature even.
In a lot of cases, burgers will become stuck on the grill, and forcibly removing them will make them all misshapen. The way to prevent this is to coat the grill with some vegetable oil prior to placing any food on the grill.
Allow the steaks to rest acacia poles at minimum 5 minutes before slicing. When you slice, slice thinly on the diagonal, across the grain. Really feel totally free to period with salt and pepper to taste–although you most likely will not require it. | <urn:uuid:57f63218-17fa-4525-ba76-26a958b09296> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britishbusinessblog.co.uk/tips-on-finding-the-very-best-kitchen-area-knives-26/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.934033 | 1,180 | 1.664063 | 2 |
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Intriguing uses CBD
As CBD is fully all-natural, it has no side-effects if absorbed the best amount. There are lots of intriguing usages of CBD as well as its benefits.
Resolving Heroin Dependency
Based on anecdotal evidence, CBD oil was effective in addressing Heroin dependency. Although as a result of cannabis, several individuals assume that CBD oil can not be a reliable means of dealing with dependency.
A research that was lately released in The American Journal of Psychiatry backed the unscientific proof as well as said that CBD oil would certainly work in minimizing desires of heroin. It is not verified yet and also additionally research study is called for.
Assists to give up smoking
Surprisingly, CBD oil aids individuals to stop smoking have absolutely nothing to do with addressing heroin addiction. Researchers have discovered that nicotine interacts very with the endocannabinoid system. It can decrease one's craving for nicotine by replacing their interactions with the endocannabinoid system.
After more investigation by a study, it was discovered that people who took CBD oil offered up 60% of their cigarette smoking practices than those on sugar pill.
Manages wellness problems in pet dogs
Fortunately for passionate canine owners is that CBD oil can enhance the health and wellness conditions of their canines. A list more help of troubles can be handled by feeding CBD oil, that includes yeast infection as well as anxiety.
A scientific trial published in 2019 programs that CBD oil is effective to reduce seizure regularity in epileptic dogs. A lot of vets do not recommend CBD oil for pets considering that it has a lack of study.
Skin Treatment component
CBD oil is likewise used as a skin care active ingredient and treatments the most typical skin issues like acne and also eczema. It was originally made use of by the people in Pakistan. It click for source has actually currently ended up being preferred that even Sephora, among the most effective skincare brands, is releasing its line of CBD-infused products.
Eases pain for putting on high heels
If you like to put on high heels, yet can't take the discomfort, CBD oil is the service to your problem. It has painkilling and anti-inflammatory buildings, which can relieve pain created due to using high heels or other joint pain.
There are a lot more benefits of CBD oil like managing depression, Alzheimer's, and other psychological and also physical issues.
As per researches, it is discovered that CBD is utilized to treat lots of health and wellness concerns connected to physical as well as mental wellness.
If you desire to get over any of the adhering to issues CBD is the best selection for you and you will certainly understand why. CBD comes in many forms as well as the first as well as the best is in the oil kind. Surprisingly, CBD oil assists people to stop smoking cigarettes have absolutely nothing to do with resolving heroin addiction. CBD oil is additionally made use of as a skin care component and also try these out remedies the most typical skin troubles like acne and also eczema.
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An e-liquid with higher PG focus will be harsher than just one with larger VG percentages, as a result This is certainly why they've got recommended sort of units. Here is how they differ underneath: Propylene Glycol (PG) : This is a lab-made liquid the FDA commonly sights as Safe and sound in foods, medications and cosmetics. It’s also accustomed to make artificial smoke or fog for performances. it may possibly irritate the lungs and eyes and should be much more damaging for people with Serious lung disorders like asthma and emphysema. | <urn:uuid:526bcf0a-fc8a-4058-962f-b60998cf4e57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oneday247.com/moon-vape-vape-shop-based-in-worcester-01605-ma-372 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.971319 | 1,605 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Common work activities for a graphic artist are discussing requirements with clients, networking, producing graphic solutions and presenting them to clients, using specialized computer software, and collaborating with other. A strong eye for visual composition.
Creating art is a difficult job and talent is as important as training.
Graphic artist job requirements. Apply to production artist, artist, graphic artist and more! Graphic artist tasks and skills. A portfolio showcases an artist's best work and provides proof to potential clients or employers than the artist can provide what's necessary.
Examples of graphic artist job descriptions from real companies. They develop the overall layout and production design for applications such as advertisements, brochures, magazines, and reports. Job requirements demonstrable graphic design skills with a strong portfolio possession of creative flair, versatility, conceptual/visual ability and originality
The graphic designer is responsible for defining requirements, visualizing and creating graphics including illustrations, logos, layouts, and photos. Bureau of labor statistics (bls) reported that the job outlook for graphic designers is 3% for 2018 to 2028. Graphic designer education and training requirements most graphic designers have a bachelor’s degree in art, graphic design or a related field.
Requirements to hire or to get hired as a graphic artist. Students searching for graphic arts teacher: Use the structure and format to help you create the ad that will attract the right candidates for your opening.
Graphic design career outlook and salary. Graphic designers working for or with print publications can expect a 22% decline, whereas those working with computer. A typical graphic designer does the duties, tasks, and responsibilities shown in the following job description.
Apply to graphic artist jobs available on indeed.com, the world's largest job site. Graphic designers use their artistic abilities to communicate ideas, inform consumers, and solve problems. Jobs in graphic design are expected to grow at about 4% from 2016 through 2026, which is less than the national average for the decade.
Bachelor’s degree in graphic design or related field. Graphic designers create visual concepts, using computer software or by hand, to communicate ideas that inspire, inform, and captivate consumers. They are responsible for the creation of promotional displays, billboards or even movie credits.
136 graphic artist jobs available in remote on indeed.com. A graphic artist or graphic designer often works in an office or studio. A strong portfolio can sometimes get an aspiring multimedia artist or animator a job in the industry even without a degree.
You'll need to be able to find practical solutions to problems. Proficiency with required desktop publishing tools, including photoshop, indesign quark, and illustrator. Going to school is not enough to become a video game graphic designer.
A graphic designer usually manages more than one design projects at a time and appropriating the relevant amount of time based on the value and urgency of the job. Candidate must possess at least a bachelor’s/college degree in art/design/creative multimedia or equivalent; Job description, duties and requirements found the following information relevant and useful.
Duties graphic designers typically do the following: From the layout of a website to large images seen on billboards, graphic designers create visual concepts by hand or by computer to help others interpret the world around them through color, texture, images, and symbols. Is looking for a graphic designer with roles and responsibilities not limited to the following:
To become a graphic designer, you will need to have it and drawing skills. This outlook is slower than the national average but may vary based on the industry in which the graphic designer works. Apply to part time graphic artist jobs available on indeed.com, the world's largest job site.
Graphic designer job description sample, duties, and responsibilities. Graphic designers are expected to face strong competition for available positions. They work with clients to create projects and communicate a variety of messages.
The graphic designer job description includes the entire process of defining requirements, visualizing and creating graphics including illustrations, logos, layouts and photos. Graphic designers require some formal education. This can vary by industry, however.
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Some key personality traits make an artist a great fit for a job in the graphic design industry. Experience as a graphic designer or in related field. Bachelor of fine arts (bfa) and bachelor of science (bs) programs in graphic design or graphic arts are widely available, but digital design or communication design programs can also prepare you for a job in this field.
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As a graphic designer, you may be required to supervise others and review. The job market is projected to grow 4 percent between now and 2026. The national average for all jobs is 7%.
Employment of graphic designers is projected to decline 4 percent over the next ten years. Graphic artists produce original items with a strong visual impact, such as logos, product packages, advertisements, print layouts, etc. You'll also need excellent communication skills.
Learn what degree you need to be graphic designer and explore experience requirements, job responsibilities, and essential graphic design skills. You’ll be the one to shape the visual aspects of websites, books, magazines, product packaging, exhibitions and more. | <urn:uuid:c8cddbb9-b0a3-4c5a-904a-43db46fe6965> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://36guide-ikusei.net/2020/10/18/graphic-artist-job-requirements/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.943318 | 1,169 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Music in general has always been about the expression of oneself.
But in times of trouble, it has proven to be something more than that.
If you’ve listened to a lot of songs throughout the years, you will surely pick up those that were cries of protests against controversial issues that happened and are happening in our society.
If you want to know our top picks, let me introduce 10 of the best protest songs released on vinyl.
#1. U2 – SUNDAY BLOODY SUNDAY (1983)
Sunday Bloody Sunday was the opening track of the Dublin-based band U2’s third studio album War which had a vinyl pressing on a 12-inch vinyl record in standard black color.
The song was penned 11 years after the Bogside Massacre or more commonly known as Bloody Sunday on January 30, 1972.
It was done by the British Army when they opened fire during a civil rights protest in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland, which resulted in the death of 13 civilians.
According to Bono, the track is not a song that implies rebellion, instead it was a humanitarian plea against the killing that continued throughout the decade
#2. JOHN LENNON – IMAGINE (1971)
John Lennon’s Imagine may just be the most misunderstood protest song to have ever been released.
Though people saw this as a song of wishing for things to be better and promotion of peace, it was not the actual message of the song.
Due to this wrong perception, a repressing of the album was done on white opaque custom vinyl record, since white symbolizes peace.
However, John Lennon admitted it himself that it was far from that.
He said that Imagine was “anti-religious, anti-nationalistic, anti-conventional, anti-capitalistic… but because it is sugar-coated, it is accepted.” Imagine was a song that demonstrates the power of positive thinking.
It is not just a song of wishful thinking.
#3. NO DOUBT – JUST A GIRL (1995)
No Doubt is a four-membered band consisting of Tom Dumont, Tony Kanal, Adrian Young, and the only female member, Gwen Stefani.
And being the frontwoman of a band of men in a male-dominate rock genre was surely a trial for any woman.
As a retaliation to the sexism and stereotyping that she and other female musicians have surely experienced, one of the band’s earliest hits was the track Just a Girl.
The track goes: “I’m just a girl in the world / That’s all that you’ll let me be!”
#4. GREEN DAY: AMERICAN IDIOT (2004)
American Idiot is a 2004 album from the American rock band Green Day which would have destroyed them in their homeland, instead became a stepping stone for them to propel onto bigger stages.
The song of the same name is a parody of the flaws that the band’s frontman, Armstrong, observed in the North American culture which definitely screams anti-war and anti-Bush.
The album was released three years after the 9/11 attacks and was pressed on two 12-inch vinyl records.
One has the standard black color while the other has a custom colored vinyl record with what seems to be a marble design.
#5. NINA SIMONE: BACKLASH BLUES (1967)
Nina Simone has been known to be one of the most strong-willed and outspoken musicians to have ever graced this planet. She surely has one of the best protest songs of all time.
Her song Backlash Blues showcases her ruthless form as she criticizes the American government and its involvement in Vietnam.
It also jabbed at the ill treatment of the American towards black people.
#6. CHILDISH GAMBINO: THIS IS AMERICA (2018)
Even with the Hiro Murai-directed music video, This Is America by Donald Glover, also known as Childish Gambino, is a powerful song to listen to.
Even after four years, the song is still a relevant song that speaks of the same problems. It tackles gun violence, racism, and political disillusionment.
It surely is a timeless piece. And it includes the beautiful work of art on the cover of the single vinyl jacket.
#7. N.W.A. – F**K THA POLICE (1988)
F**k Tha Police released in 1988 was surely ahead of its time as it somehow predicted the doom of civilians and LAPD causing a series of riots across Los Angeles in 1992.
Ice Cube yells in anger the lyrics “They have the authority to kill a minority,” and these lines still ring true even at present.
#8. BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN – BORN IN THE USA (1984)
Springsteen’s Born In the USA might just have one of the funniest stories to have ever come out of it, given that it was a protest song.
The eponymous title track was apparently adopted by US President Ronald Reagan as its anthem for its campaign for a second term in office.
The funny thing is that the song was about how the state had neglected Vietnam war veterans, clearly displaying the president’s campaign personnel’s lack of comprehension.
Though very laughable for us, Springsteen was very much outraged.
#9. MARVIN GAYE – WHAT’S GOIN’ ON (1971)
Gaye’s song What’s Goin’ On was penned by Obie Benson, a member from the group The Four Tops.
It was written when Benson saw a police officer attacking anti-Vietnam War protesters in Berkeley.
It was adapted and used by Marvin Gaye as his title track for his socially-conscious album of 1971.
#10. RAGE AGAINST THE MACHINE – KILLING IN THE NAME (1992)
Last on the list is Rage against the Machine’s Killing in the Name which was released in 1992.
It’s penning was sparked by the acquittal of the LAPD officers who were caught on camera savagely beating Rodney King.
In this rage filled song was the comparison of racism to the infamous cross-burning activities of the Ku Klux Klan. Like most of the songs here, Killing in the Name had a standard black vinyl pressing.
I’m pretty sure reading all that sparked some kind of passion in you too so why not release that through listening to these records?
It won’t hurt to hear the digital version, but still…it would be best to hear them on vinyl.
James Hill is a veteran of the music industry. He first worked at Warner Reprise Records then later joined Interscope/ Geffen Records where he managed producers and songwriters and got his first platinum record for Keyshia Cole’s The Way It Is. He is now helping indie artists with branding and manufacturing through his company Unified Manufacturing, a CD/DVD/vinyl and merch company in LA. | <urn:uuid:b888af1b-3b56-4ef0-aa31-45d32bc08634> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.unifiedmanufacturing.com/blog/ten-of-the-best-protest-songs-in-vinyl/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.952244 | 1,532 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Are dogs capable of emotion? Most would say a definite yes! However, it’s difficult to determine exactly which emotions dogs can feel. Most of us who own dogs will be adamant that our pets can feel happy, sad, excited…. even guilty, embarrassed, smug or proud! But do they feel lonely? Do those in single-dog households feel sad because of their solitary state?
Table of contents
What do dogs actually ‘feel’?
We believe, from studies of dogs’ brains, that they are indeed capable of feeling a variety of basic emotions. Loneliness may be one of these. Dogs’ emotional range is often compared to that of small children. That is, they experience strong basic emotions such as love, fear, sadness and joy. But they may not be capable of more complex emotions such as jealousy or pride.
It is widely accepted that dogs are definitely capable of feeling distress, and this can be caused by being left alone. Called ‘man’s best friend’ for a reason, dogs are social creatures who form strong social bonds. This is an excellent trait in a pet, but it also means they are very capable of missing companionship when it is not available, as well as enjoying it highly when it is.
Every dog owner’s ideal is for their dog to feel happy, loved and satisfied with life all of the time, of course. However, work, personal circumstances and busy lives can mean our dogs are left alone more than we would like.
Do dogs need other dogs?
Dogs evolved as highly social creatures, seldom living alone. Historically, dogs lived in ‘packs’ based around family groups. Mating pairs stayed together, often accompanied by extended family members. This structure is still seen today in wolves and in feral dog packs. This would imply that dogs have an inbuilt need for contact with other dogs in the same social group as themselves.
However, dogs have been intensely domesticated for many years now. They have learnt to form strong bonds with humans as well as other dogs. Various studies have shown that dog-human relationships have many parallels with human parent-child relationships. This means that many dogs may be content with human companionship instead.
How can I tell if my dog is lonely?
However close we are to our beloved pooches, they still cannot talk to us! So how do we tell if they are lonely and desperate for companionship?
Here are some common signs of loneliness and distress in dogs:
- Separation anxiety. Dogs who get very distressed when their owner leaves them may be lonely. This can present as vocalising, toileting in the house or destructive behaviour. A few may become aggressive when the owner is preparing to leave. These dogs are giving a strong signal that they are not happy being left alone!
- Following owners around. Dogs who are extremely clingy with their owners, who howl when their designated human goes into another room. Or those who lie outside the bathroom in wait for their owner to return may just be extremely attached, but this behaviour can also stem from an underlying loneliness. They are fearful of being left alone because it causes them distress.
- Repetitive licking. Some dogs who are stressed, bored or lonely can lick at areas of their skin repetitively, even to the point of causing self-traumatic sore patches. Dogs who seem depressed, sleep a lot and don’t respond as usual to their owners may be suffering from loneliness or other form of stress.
How can I help my dog if I think they’re lonely?
Every owner wants the best for their dog, so luckily there are some ways we can help our canine companions to feel better if we think they might be having periods of loneliness.
Getting a second dog
The best antidote to loneliness is obviously companionship. Now, getting another dog is certainly not the right step for every household, and due care must be taken that this is a sensible decision, but a carefully chosen companion pooch may be a wonderful way to help your dog if done with proper consideration!
We recommend choosing another dog carefully. Research the best age, breed, sex and size, but a doggy friend might well be the best buddy that your dog is craving.
If getting another dog is not a good decision for your household, that’s okay! There are plenty of other ways to reduce loneliness. As discussed above, human companionship is very valuable to dogs as well. Could you take your dog out with you more?
Some careful planning can make many trips, chores and activities dog-friendly! If that is not an option, why not think about having someone come in and see your dog whilst you are out?
Neighbours, dog-walkers and pet-sitters can all provide this kind of help. You may even find someone who loves dogs but cannot have their own who is keen to come and give your pet some fuss, attention and even a walk!
Practical steps for reducing loneliness in your dog
There will be times, due to unforeseen circumstances, work commitments and busy lives that you might have to leave your dog alone. Don’t panic!
Leave them a blanket or article of clothing that smells like you and invest in some puzzle toys or robust feeder chews that might keep them occupied and busy for a while. You could also try leaving a radio on for some comforting human sounds.
Dogs are capable of feeling lonely, and as they are a social species this is a very valid concern for owners. Although the ideal situation would be a fellow doggy to keep them happy, there are lots of other ways to keep them calm and content!
You may also be interested in;
- When can I leave my puppy on their own
- Why Does my Dog Lick His Paws?
- Why is my Dog Not Sleeping?
- How our pets have helped us through this pandemic
- Is my dog depressed? | <urn:uuid:387b0460-5924-467f-bebe-1550f98a7e61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vethelpdirect.com/vetblog/2020/08/04/do-dogs-get-lonely-being-the-only-dog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.974688 | 1,230 | 2.5 | 2 |
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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is concerned with global economic growth and security. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations. The IMF works to promote exchange rate stability, balanced growth of international trade, and poverty reduction.
In order to help assure global stability, IMF activities fall within three categories:
- Surveillance of economic developments on a national, regional, and global scale.
- Technical assistance for low- and middle-income countries on designing and/or upgrading macroeconomic, financial, and structural policies.
- Lending to countries in need of financial assistance in order to rebuild international reserves, stabilize currencies, and/or pay for imports.
You can expect to find the following types of information and/or publications from the FAO:
- Research, statistics, forecasts, and analysis based on tracking of global, regional, and individual economies and markets
- The Global Financial Stability Report; published twice per year, provides up-to-date analysis of developments in global financial markets
- Annual economic health checks of member countries
- Updates about its lending programs
The International Monetary Fund's (IMF) eLibrary simplifies analysis and research with direct access to the IMF’s periodicals, books, working papers and studies, and data and statistical tools.
International Financial Statistics (IFS)
"The IFS database contains approx. 32,000 time series covering more than 200 countries and areas, including all series appearing on the IFS country pages; exchange rate series for all Fund member countries, plus Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles: major Fund account series; and most other world, area, and country series from the IFS World Tables." Also held in CDROM
and in print
"Plain-English explanation" of the IMF's work on key issues.
World Economic Outlook (WEO) Databases
Find trade data for countries and country groups, commodity prices, national accounts, inflation, unemployment rates, balance of payments, and fiscal indicators. Download entire dataset, or by country, or by country group & commodity prices. Data available from 1980, projections for next 5 years.
Using the most current data from the WEO Database, create maps and charts relating to GDP (data series will continue to be added). Data from 1980, projections for next 5 years.
IMF - Data and Statistics
Use this page to find links to IMF data, standards/codes, manuals/guides, most visited statistics, and more.
Government Finance Statistics (GFS)
The GFS database contains statistical data on government financial operations for Fund (i.e. IMF) member governments. Find "detailed annual statistical data on revenue, expense, transactions in assets and liabilities, and stocks of assets and liabilities."
About the IMF
Learn about the IMF, its organization & finances, history, governance, work, and agenda.
World Economic Outlook (WEO) in Maps
Interactive map using indicators from the April 2010 WEO Database. Hover your mouse over the map to view historical data and projections for selected indicators (inflation, GDP, etc.).
Selected Online IMF Data Sources
Use this table to determine the best IMF data source for your needs. | <urn:uuid:daa80df8-35c0-41f3-b0f4-d7e26b97ef5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guides.lib.uw.edu/c.php?g=341603&p=2303970 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.878177 | 708 | 2.703125 | 3 |
As fall sports, school year approach, Essentia Health encourages well-child/teen visits
Don’t be fooled by the dog days of summer — fall sports are quickly approaching, which means it’s time to start planning for them as well as the 2022-23 school year. At Essentia Health, scheduling a well-child/teen visit has never been more convenient.
Well-child/teen visits include the completion of mandatory sports physical forms and are for anyone from birth to age 21. They are recommended annually to ensure your child is healthy. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of preventive-care check-ups such as these declined precipitously. It’s important to get back on track.
At a well-child/teen visit, your pediatrician or primary care provider will:
- Conduct a comprehensive physical exam.
- Take measurements like height and weight.
- Discuss any mental health concerns such as anxiety and depression.
- Update all immunizations or vaccinations, including for HPV, meningitis or COVID-19.
- Talk about illness prevention, nutrition, physical fitness and health and safety issues.
- Complete sports physical forms.
The goal, Essentia’s experts say, is to ensure the patient’s physical and mental health, and identify areas of concern. For those set to participate in a sport, we also want to make sure it’s safe. That’s why well-child/teen visits feature screens for underlying cardiovascular disease or heart arrhythmias the patient and their family wouldn’t otherwise know about, and which could present a serious risk to athletic competition.
“In pediatrics, preventing your child from getting sick is the ‘name-of-the-game,’” says Dr. Dhilhan Marasinghe, an Essentia Health pediatrician. “Well-child checks are the first line of defense when it comes to keeping your child feeling their best. At these visits, your provider will review your child’s physical health, mental health and discuss recommended vaccinations. We can often catch early concerning symptoms before they become a serious issue in your child’s life.”
Children and teenagers have developed long-term health concerns following COVID infection. One of the more common setbacks is damage to the heart. In severe cases, this could present as heart inflammation and potentially result in sudden cardiac arrhythmia, causing the heart to beat either too fast or too slow. Damage to the heart can be accompanied by mild symptoms that may not raise red flags. That’s why it’s important to get evaluated, especially if a student-athlete had a more serious bout with COVID — sustained fevers, fatigue, trouble breathing, exercise intolerance, etc.
“Well-child visits are a great time to make sure your child or teen is healthy in all areas of life – growth, cognitive and social development, illness prevention, mental health and more,” said Dr. Jonathan KenKnight, an Essentia pediatrician. “We are excited every year to partner with parents to get to know families and to make sure kids are thriving in every way possible.”
When it’s age-appropriate, things like substance abuse, proper dieting and sexual health also are discussed at well-child/teen visits.
Evaluating that information while already knowing a patient’s medical history underscores the benefits of primary care.
Visit Essentia’s well-child/teen check page for more information, including a list of the top questions to ask your child’s provider. There, you can schedule a virtual or in-person visit, which also can be done via the Essentia Health MyChart patient portal. Well-child/teen visits can be completed by a pediatrician or primary care provider. Many insurance companies cover one such visit per year; contact yours to check on coverage.
If you are interested only in completing sports physical forms, please contact your local clinic to make an appointment or to see if they have any upcoming sports physical sessions. | <urn:uuid:17a641ac-1403-4439-9ae8-40e291fb72ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.essentiahealth.org/about/essentia-health-newsroom/as-fall-sports-school-year-approach-essentia-health-encourages-w/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.930563 | 862 | 1.859375 | 2 |
In Part 1 of this series we saw how workloads in the OCVS SDDC could use the OCI NAT Gateway to reach the Internet. In Part 2 we’ll make a few changes and allow inbound access from the Internet. We’ll also make sure we don’t break the outbound access we worked so hard to build in Part 1.
In the last post we saw the OCI NAT Gateway providing access to the Internet and a Public IP address to hide behind. We also saw that it could only offer this service to native Oracle Cloud devices with interfaces which have OCIDs attached. We learned that even though our OCVS SDDC VMs didn’t qualify, through the External Access VIP assigned to it, the Tier-0 router did. That meant, as long as we NAT our VMs behind the T0, they could all use the NAT Gateway. Happy days!
So, how are we going to turn this all around? Let’s start with a quick picture to refresh ourselves on how we got outbound Internet to work in Part 1.
The key things to note from that image, as they apply to the topic at hand in this post are:
- In (3), we had to help the NAT Gateway find its way back to the Workload VM using the Tier-0’s VIP and its loaned Oracle Cloud IDentifier (OCID).
- In (6), we didn’t need to do anything about public IP address selection/NAT, as the NAT Gateway handled all that for us.
The NAT Gateway is good for NAT (which is probably just as well, to avoid it being sued for false representation or something) and keeping track of where its outbound connections came from. But its limitation is/was that it came with a built-in Public IP address, “a” (singular) Public IP address, which doesn’t sound like it will give us much scale. In fact, not only does it not scale, it can’t handle unsolicited inbound connections either. There’s no way to tell the poor NAT Gateway what it should do if somebody uninvited comes knocking. For that, we need its tougher sibling, the Internet Gateway.
Bring on the Internet Gateway
The Internet Gateway can handle unsolicited inbound connections. It doesn’t have its own Public IP Address to limit it, instead, the Internet Gateway just asks that any device wanting to use it should bring along its own Public Address. Here’s the list of all err… one of our Internet Gateways in the lab we stole the screenshots from in the last post.
And that’s all there is to the Internet Gateway. No convenient (but limiting) Public Address, just a name and, although not shown in the UI, an OCID something like
OCI Inbound Internet Access
As we did in the first post, before looking at OCVS, let’s see how Inbound connectivity works in OCI.
This flow is mostly the same as the Outbound Internet flow, except in reverse. In this case, in order to reach the VM we will need:
- A public IP address that gets us to the Internet Gateway.
- Routing to the Subnet where the target VM lives.
- Permission to enter the Subnet, through an entry in the Subnet’s Security List.
Let’s look at those steps in a little more detail.
- There is no IP address in the Internet Gateway, we saw that a couple of paragraphs earlier! Instead, the VM’s interface on the OCI (Public) Subnet is assigned a public address (indicated here by that Internet-red colored dot below the VM) which is used (together with / via its OCID) to allow the Internet Gateway to link the Public Address to the VM’s Private IP/OCID. This public IP address is in addition to the interface’s private address from the subnet.
- We’re not using that (now faded) Route Table to find the VM, that’s handled automatically by the control-plane. We are though (so the icon is not totally “wrong”), going to need our Subnet’s Route Table to return traffic back, to the Internet Gateway, this time…
- Oh, wait… This is okay, we are using the Subnet’s Security List in pretty much the same way as we did last time. For Inbound connections we will need an Ingress rule of course, whose Stateful nature will then allow returning traffic from the target VM. So, same list, different rule this time. I think we can still claim that as correct?
To paraphrase the first post…
The way the Internet Gateway works is nice and simple. We use a Route Table rule, like the one below, to direct traffic heading back to the Internet using the `0.0.0.0/0` destination. We set the Target Type to “Internet Gateway” and select the Internet Gateway deployed in our SDDC. Here’s an example of a Route Rule like that, in a Route Table, targeting an Internet Gateway (which is helpfully named “Internet Gateway”).
And, if we were to deploy a VM with a Public Address assigned, or, add one to an existing VM (on a “Public” Subnet of course), it would look something like this:
We can see the VM’s Primary “Private IP” address in the orange oval, and, above that, its “Public (Internet) IP” address in the red one. We talked about incoming connections to the Public address, but, if we originate a connection to the outside world, we’ll do so from that same public address. That will become important when we’re looking at the OCVS stuff in a few paragraphs’ time!
Okay, with that foundation covered, let’s look at the OCVS version of events!
OCVS SDDC Workloads Inbound Internet Access
As we did in the last post, let’s revisit the flow diagram above, but this time with the SDDC components added. As before, workload VM on T1 Logical Segment behind a T0 Gateway. No surprises there, or rather, here…
To reach an OCVS VM from the Internet, we’ll need:
- An Internet Gateway to handle receiving traffic for our Public Address.
- A Route Table, not so much for steering the incoming traffic, but for ensuring the outgoing traffic from our SDDC now goes via the new Internet Gateway instead of the old NAT Gateway.
- A Network Security Group (as we’re landing on a VLAN) with rules to allow ingress flows from the Internet, and egress flows to the Internet.
Now we’re heading back into the SDDC under the control of NSX-T.
- An IP address on the Uplink VLAN to target for our workload VM via the T0.
- A route from the T0 to the relevant T1.
- The VM’s workload Logical Segment connected to the T1.
We need to figure out two new pieces of the puzzle. They are, where does the public IP address come from, and how does it get associated with the target, workload, VM? In OCI terms, we’re also going to need an OCID to glue things together, but we already have a way to get one as we saw in the last post.
In that last post, we took the T0’s Uplink VLAN interface address
10.76.9.130, and, as that was represented by an OCI External Access IP address on the VLAN, we could use its OCID to have the NAT Gateway find its way back. We’re going to do the same kind of thing here. We don’t want to mess with the rest of the SDDC which is using that 130 address (via a Source NAT if you recall), so we should get ourselves, or, more correctly, our target workload VM, its own address. That’s why, in the diagram above, it just says “IP” in the purple oval.
Last time around, our workload VM’s IP address on the NSX-T Logical Segment was
10.76.124.10. This time around, we’ll use its neighbor on
10.76.124.99 as our target. We’ll need to visit the Uplink VLAN in the OCI console and assign another address from the IP subnet on that VLAN which we can then use with the workload VM. The T0 is, as noted above, 10.76.9.130, so our new address will be somewhere near that. Let’s take a look at the Uplink VLAN in the Oracle Cloud Console.
Getting our addresses in order
We’re going to need three addresses to make this work. Much like what we saw in the Outbound NAT Gateway example, we need:
- The actual address of our workload VM on the SDDC Logical Segment.
- The “intermediate” address on the Uplink VLAN’s IP Subnet (and its OCID).
- The Public IP Address.
We have the first of those. We said we’d use `10.76.124.99` from the same Logical Segment as our old example VM. For the Uplink VLAN, we just need a spare address. It doesn’t matter what address we decide to use as long as, a) we don’t forget it, and b) it isn’t already in use. Point b) needs a little work, so let’s look at that first.
What addresses are already in use on that VLAN? Well, ignoring the Network/Broadcast addresses, the only one listed in the console was the dot-130 address. Our ‘/28’ subnet’s useable addresses range from dot-129 up to dot-142. So that leaves us a few to choose from.
Remember, in our lab, all our subnets are quite small as we don’t need lots of addresses. In a production OCVS deployment, this subnet should be sized to leave enough spare addresses for things like this.
Finding a spare address
There are currently four addresses in use on our Uplink VLAN, not all immediately visible. Those addresses are:
- The Uplink VLAN’s gateway address (the “next-hop” in the T0’s default route).
- The two T0 Gateways’ Interface addresses (remember we have an active/standby HA pair).
- The T0 Gateway’s (dot-130) VIP address.
So, now we can set about allocating an address for our workload VMs. In this example, we’ll use the last address in the subnet. In production, we should check with the network designer or architect to see if they have a model for allocating different address “types” from a subnet. We will allocate `10.76.9.142` to our workload VM.
We’ll create the External Access IP Address on the Uplink-1 VLAN and choose that address when prompted. This will give us an OCID too, which the Internet Gateway will use to route traffic towards the workload VM. We do that on the OCI Console’s VLAN details page using the big blue “Add External Access” button we saw earlier. Pressing that button gives us the dialog below (confusingly with another “Add External Access” button, which this time means “Save”).
From the diagram we can see the main areas of the form, which are:
- We can use “Route Target Only” if we just need internal “on-net” access, but for our specific use case, we’ll select the “Public Access” option. Without selecting this, the bottom, “Public Address” section is hidden. This will give us a place to assign the Public IP address which the Internet Gateway will need from us.
- In the “Private IP Address” field we’ve entered a name, in this case showing the workload VM’s real IP address, but that’s just to help operationally. We could enter anything we wanted in that field. Below it is the IP address from the Uplink VLAN’s subnet which we selected for this VM.
- Here we see a drop-down where we can pick an existing OCI Public Address we already have assigned to us but not currently in use. Or, selecting the “Create New” radio button we would be prompted to enter a name for the new Public Address which OCI would allocate for us, like this.
Submitting this (with that second blue button) takes us back to the VLAN details page where we can see our new External Access IP, and its newly assigned Public IP Address in the list!
`We said we needed three IP addresses to make this work, and they were:
- The actual address of our workload VM on the SDDC Logical Segment –
- The “intermediate” address on the Uplink VLAN’s IP Subnet (and its OCID) –
- The Public IP Address –
So, we have all the bits. Let’s see if we can connect them all together. As it’s always easiest to make things work in a diagram, let’s start there.
Here we have a client on the Internet over on the right, connecting to a service on the workload VM over on the left. (1) to (6) are the same as the last time we used this image, but the generic “IP” label has been replaced with our dot-142 address. Although our “list of necessary addresses” started from our VM, the incoming flow works through them in the opposite order. Let’s examine the flow in more detail.
- The client, usually through DNS of course, targets our public address
126.96.36.199as its Destination. We won’t know the Source address unless this service is only available to selected clients, so we’ll just call the source “Any Allowed”.
- After receiving the packet, the Internet Gateway works its magic and decodes that public destination as one belonging to our Uplink VLAN External Access IP/OCID. It delivers the packet to the VLAN having first NATed the Destination to our intermediate VLAN address
10.76.9.142. The client’s Source address remains unchanged, so we can return traffic to it.
- As the packet hits the T0, the gateway needs to NAT the Destination of the packet to the “real” address of the workload VM –
10.76.124.99. Once again leaving the original Source address in place.
- With the VM’s Destination IP address in place, NSX can route the packet over the T1 to the VM.
Configuring NSX NAT Rules
In order to connect things together we’re going to need to add some more NAT rules in the NSX-T Manager.
Destination NAT for incoming connections
In (9) we said that the T0 had to match packets destined for our `10.76.9.142` from the Internet (the “Any” source) and change the Destination address (DNAT) to the internal, `10.76.124.99` address of our VM. That seems to be all the important bits for the NSX rule. In table form it looks like this:
|DNAT Workload VM||DNAT||Any||10.76.9.142||10.76.124.99|
And in the NSX GUI it looks like this:
In the top highlighted area, we can see the details from our new rule. The “Name” should be some text to help future-us work out what on earth we did. We can’t type “Any” into the UI but leaving the Source field empty does the same thing. The Matched “Destination” and “Translated” addresses just need typing carefully. This rule has been applied to “2” interfaces, the Uplink interfaces from the T0 to the Uplink VLAN. As they are currently our only external interfaces, leaving this field empty would achieve the same result. But, if we configure additional interfaces, having these rules only assigned where we want them might save future-us the pain of having to go back and assign Apply-To configs to all the existing rules.
In the lower highlight we can see the “Priority” field. In the last post we discussed priorities at length. Here, we just need to ensure the priority of this rule sits in the right place. Those four existing rules need to be at the end, so keeping our new rule “above” them is all we need to do in this simple example. The top No_SNAT rule is open so we can see its Priority. In this case, anything less than 190 will do for us. In a more complex Production environment, the order/priority of NATs can be really important, so we would work through the existing rules to establish where this one should go.
Source NAT for outgoing connections
As our T0 is running Active/Standby, when our workload VM replies to a connection from the Internet, that reply will go through the same T0 as the initial connection. This allows our Stateful DNAT rule to handle the Source NATing of our replies. Or, put another way, we don’t need to explicitly NAT our workload VM to the Uplink VLAN’s `10.76.9.142` address when we’re replying to connections from the Internet as, in our scenario, NSX-T handles that for us automatically.
If our workload VM were to make a new connection out to the Internet, that connection wouldn’t match any of the NAT rules except the last, “SNAT of Last Resort” one. That means, it would get lumped in with all the other SDDC VMs, using the model we described in the last post. That might be what we want, but we may, actually, want to have our workload VM hit the Internet wearing the same, elegantly tailored, Public IP address (`188.8.131.52`) as we’re using for Incoming connections. If that’s the case, we’re going to need another NAT rule to make sure our VM gets SNAT’ed to that. Let’s add it to the table…
|DNAT Workload VM||DNAT||Any||10.76.9.142||10.76.124.99|
|SNAT Workload VM||SNAT||10.76.124.99||Any||10.76.9.142|
Remember, at this point we only need to SNAT to the Intermediate address on the Uplink VLAN. OCI will take care of swapping in our special public address as we hit the Internet Gateway.
Looking carefully, we see the priority of our new DNAT rule didn’t actually matter. As the DNAT rule was designed with Internet traffic in mind, even if we had put it right at the end, after the SNAT of Last Resort (SoLR), things would still have worked, mostly as planned at least. Traffic hitting the T0’s Uplink interfaces with a public Source address, destined (thanks to the Internet Gateway) for our VLAN External Access IP, would not have matched any of the original rules, so we would have gotten away with sloppy NATing.
But, if we also need a new SNAT rule so our Workload VM can use its “own” Public IP address, the position of that SNAT rule does matter. We need the specific “SNAT me to my personal Uplink VLAN address” rule to be matched before we hit the “SNAT of Last Resort” (SoLR). The neat-freak Architect in us demands the two NAT rules for this VM are next to each other, so we better give them both the same priority, and make sure it’s low enough that they sit before, and so are matched before, those last four rules. We don’t need to prioritize either one over the other, so having the same priority for both is fine.
A loose end or two
We’re almost there (I’m sure you’ll be relieved to read), just a couple of loose ends. In the flow diagrams we mentioned Security Lists and, for the Uplink VLAN, Network Security Groups. We won’t dwell on specifics in this post, but we should ensure our firewall policies in the Security Lists, Network Security Groups and NSX-T configs allow the traffic we are trying to establish through all this. Okay, now back to our regularly scheduled loose-ends…
Fixing the Route Table
First, although in the packet flow diagrams, we hinted that the Route Table is now used to return traffic via the Internet Gateway instead of the original NAT Gateway, we didn’t explicitly fix that. The default route in question is in the Route Table attached to the Uplink VLAN. To fix this, we can either change the target of the Route Table’s
0.0.0.0/0 route target to the Internet Gateway, or we can replace the Route Table with a new/different Table whose default route correctly points to the Internet Gateway.
Here we can see the Route Table selection for the Uplink VLAN. In this environment we have a small number of Route Tables differentiated by the destination of their default routes. This makes it easy to switch from the “Route Table for networks using the NAT-GW” to the “Route Table for networks using the Internet-GW”. It also makes it easy to select the appropriate Route Table for new networks without necessarily needing to create a new table for each new Subnet or VLAN.
Cleaning up our NATs
At the moment, our Internet “Any” Source match on the new DNAT rule is working well. Almost too well in fact. If we try and connect to that Uplink VLAN VIP `10.76.9.142` from within the VCN, or anywhere in our routable on-net environment, we’ll go through the DNAT process too, as our RFC1918 source address will still be matched by the rule’s “Any” Source. This may be absolutely fine; we might not care in which case we can get on with our day.
But, if we want to force on-net traffic to route directly, we’d have to either block those connections in the VLAN’s Network Security Group rules, or insert a No_DNAT rule (or possibly multiple rules) before our new rules to prevent on-net sources from being accidentally NAT’d too. This can often become an issue if we’re writing firewall rules on the NSX Gateway or DFW and forget that the workload VM is reachable through two, different, “Destination” IP addresses. Again though, this might not be an issue and/or we just may not care.
One last thing to fix. We need to use the Internet Gateway when we need inbound connections to the VCN (and with it both native OCI and OCVS resources). In OCI we would typically host externally reachable resources on a Public Subnet with a Route Table whose default route is via an Internet Gateway, and local (non-reachable) resources on Private Subnets, whose default routes to the Internet use a NAT Gateway for simplicity.
In the SDDC, we only have the T0 Gateway and its Uplink VLAN for all our ingress/egress traffic. The VLAN’s Route Table can only have one default `0.0.0.0/0` route. When it pointed to the NAT gateway, with our four NAT rules in place, all the workload VMs could use the NAT Gateway’s public address and reach the Internet. Now that we need the Uplink VLAN to point to the Internet through an Internet Gateway, our one new workload VM is happy. But, in doing that, we broke Internet access for all the other VMs which don’t have their own public address(es). What we need to do now, is have the Internet Gateway behave like a NAT Gateway for all the “other” VMs which don’t have their own Public IPs. Fortunately, fixing this is not difficult.
Making the Internet Gateway behave like a NAT Gateway
Those VMs which don’t have their own Public IP/SNAT rules will fall through to our “SNAT of Last Resort rule. We used that to give them an OCID when they were using the NAT Gateway’s public address in the first post. Now, we’re using the Internet Gateway, we need to link that OCID to a public address as well, which currently we do not have. Fortunately, we can fix that quite easily. The OCID and Private IP address we used for the NAT Gateway came from the VLAN’s External Access IP. If we look at that on the OCI console (using the “…” icon on the right-hand end of the list item and choosing “edit”) we see that it’s currently a private Route Target only.
If we switch it to Public Access, we’re prompted for either selecting an existing Public IP (as shown), or, if we select “Create New”, attaching a name to a public address we’re about to request.
Hitting the Save button (which was unhelpfully clipped off the bottom of these screenshots) will complete attaching a Public address to the T0 VIP. This means when our workload VMs hit that SoLR rule and get Source NAT’d to the T0’s VIP, they will also inherit the new Public IP, and will be allowed to use the Internet Gateway.
We might decide that we want to use the existing VIP solely for routed traffic, and assign another for Internet NAT’ing, perhaps to aid future-us with troubleshooting. If that’s the case, we would just assign another IP on that VLAN, create a new Public Access VIP with that Private address and a new Public address, and change the SoLR to use the new VIP’s Private address as its “Translated” IP and we’re done.
To summarize or, if you were impatient and jumped here for the short version, here it is.
Preparing the SDDC/VCN:
- Provision an Internet Gateway if you don’t already have one in your VCN.
- If the Uplink-1 VLAN’s OCI Route Table has a default route which points to a NAT Gateway, change the default route target to point to your Internet Gateway, or change the VLAN’s Route Table to one which already does.
- Add a Public IP address to the T0’s VIP on the Uplink-1 VLAN’s External Access list to allow “NAT Gateway-like” access for the general workload VMs.
To add a public address to a specific SDDC workload VM:
- Allocate a spare address from the Uplink-1 VLAN’s assigned subnet.
- Create a new “Public Access” External Access IP on the Uplink-1 VLAN using the new Private IP address above.
- Create a new DNAT Rule on the NSX-T T0 Gateway to NAT the Private IP address above to the Logical Segment IP address of the target VM.
- If the target VM should also use its dedicated Public IP for outgoing connections, create a SNAT rule to translate the target VMs Logical Segment IP address to that of its External Access IP.
- Make sure all the NAT rules are in the correct priority order.
- Amend any Security List, Network Security Group or NSX-T Firewall rules we need to actually permit the traffic we want to use our new service…
And you should be good to go.
Over the last twenty-five minutes or so, we recapped on outbound Internet Access for SDDC workload VMs using the OCI NAT Gateway. We introduced the OCI Internet Gateway and saw how it enabled native OCI workloads to be reached from the Internet and how, with a little work, we could adapt that model to allow SDDC workload VMs to be reachable from the Internet through their own Public IP addresses.
We saw that in doing that last bit we broke the carefully crafted general outbound Internet Access we worked so hard to build last time, and how to fix that before anyone noticed what we’d done. We saw where and how we needed to assign addresses to help our target workload VM become an Internet sensation, and, sigh, we added even more NAT rules to make this all hang together.
Once again, I’d like to thank my good friend Jason McKenzie for his help with this post. The improved readability of some key sections are thanks to Jason’s feedback whereas the mistakes and typos, as always, are mine… If you want to grab a copy of Jason’s awesome Getting Started with OCVS Ebook, head over to this post here on the VMware Cloud Blog!
If you have any questions about the content of this post, or about Oracle Cloud VMware Solution, please drop them in the comments below. | <urn:uuid:837d9b96-59c8-4188-bbc6-67e4ec40d89d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.vmware.com/cloud/2022/06/29/accessing-ocvs-from-the-internet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.914502 | 6,477 | 1.773438 | 2 |
The question is never why the addiction? The question is why the pain?
BOOK REVIEW: In the Realm of the Hungry Ghosts, Close Encounters with Addiction, by Gabor Mate, MD. The hungry ghost of Buddhist lore has a huge mouth and belly but his tiny throat prevents the ghost from ever being satiated. The hungry ghost is an apt metaphor for the drug addict who can never get enough. The question is never why the addiction, but, why the pain? Why the trauma?
Usually drug addicts have been neglected and oppressed in childhood. People who have suffered multiple adverse childhood experiences are the most likely to succumb to substance addiction later in life. The question is not what is wrong with you, the question is what happened to you. Why the pain? What is the root cause of your posttraumatic stress disorder?
Adverse Childhood Experiences
The answer is to teach the addict new ways to sooth her hungry soul inflamed by the intense torment imposed by adverse childhood experiences. These negative experiences are unconsciously repeated throughout the life of the damaged alcoholic. All their lives they’ve been ignored, abandoned, and, in turn, self-abandoned ad infinitum. If you want to understand what makes a sweet and innocent little child into an addict, read this book:
Drugs are the self-medication for adverse childhood experiences
Drugs and alcohol offer an emotional anesthetic; as an antidote to a frightful feeling of emptiness; as a tonic against fatigue, boredom, alienation, and a sense of personal inadequacy; as a stress reliever and social lubricant. For some adventurous souls drugs may even open a temporary portal to spiritual transcendence.
Addiction is a flight from distress. The addict is seeking safety. It is impossible to understand addiction without asking what relief the addict finds, or hopes to find, in the drug or the addictive behavior. Addicts are self-medicating conditions like depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress and other types of mental illness. Most hard-core substance abusers came from abusive homes. Some abuse was physical and other abuse was emotional or psychological. Even though a negligent parent may be physically present, she may not be in attunement with her child.
We are all hungry ghosts
A sense of deficient emptiness pervades our entire culture. The skid row heroin addict is more painfully conscious of this void than most people and has limited means of escaping it. The rest of us find other ways of suppressing our fear of emptiness or of distracting ourselves from it. Television, internet, career, family, gambling, sexual acting out, etc. Most of us have the privilege of keeping our perversions private. Mentally ill crack heads living on the streets are forced to publicly showcase the terrible unrest of their hungry souls. At the core of all addictions there lies a spiritual void. Street people muttering to themselves are attempting to escape an agonizing discomfort within their own selves. | <urn:uuid:c99bd8da-aba9-4b58-a6b3-623cb5abdcdb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://legalnoodle.com/why-the-pain-causing-your-addiction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.948927 | 604 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Consider Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Number theory is not as concrete as many think it is. You can argue that this does not posit that axiomatic number theory is incorrect so much as it is incomplete, but this seems to me to be a meaningless distinction. As for the physical sciences, it all ultimately boils down to physics, and we've known for a long time that physics is not deterministic. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle places a hard limit on how accurately we can describe physical systems. Even the speed of light may not be the same everywhere. There seems to be a granular level of "reality" below which we simply cannot determine anything. Physics is basically the study of how probabilities play out. Wave-particle duality is another mind-bender. It required the invention of a brand-new theoretical model (quantum field theory) to explain it. This is all to say: in math and science, any and all claims to truth are conditional and subject to revision. Nothing in math or science is true in the same way that Scripture is true. | <urn:uuid:6c75ed4e-8d29-4750-8c9b-9eb0ab7a854a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forums.anglican.net/threads/is-genesis-all-literal-all-allegory-or-somewhere-between.4338/page-12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.959582 | 219 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Trunks act as giant methane chimneys.
The atmospheric concentration of methane, a greenhouse gas with 25 times the heating power of carbon dioxide, has more than doubled over the past 200 years. Researchers have long known that methane comes from anaerobic processes in waterlogged soils such as swamps, wetlands and rice fields, as well as in the guts of termites and ruminant animals such as cows and sheep. But in 2006, a team proposed the surprising idea1 that plants, too, produce methane — as much as 10–30% of the world's total methane emissions. If true, that would require a major overhaul of global carbon budgets.
Now a study suggests that trees can act like chimneys, moving methane gas produced by soil microbes up through roots, stems and leaves before releasing it into the atmosphere. This effect could account for as much as 10% of methane emissions globally2. It could also help to explain why methane fluxes are higher than expected in wet tropical regions.
Ellen Nisbet, an evolutionary biologist at the University of South Australia in Adelaide, previously reported that plants do not have the biochemical pathways needed to generate methane3. "I'm pretty sure from our studies that [plants] aren't making methane themselves," she says. "This paper is really showing that methane is moving around the plants, that it's being transported up and out."
The team responsible for the latest work, led by atmospheric scientist Andrew Rice of Portland State University in Oregon, measured methane flow in three tree species, which were flooded to create conditions ripe for anaerobic microbes to start churning out methane.
Rice says that the work does not rule out the possibility that plants themselves can produce methane aerobically; for instance, light at a certain intensity and wavelength could create a photolytic reaction that produces methane, as the 2006 work suggested. "The question is the magnitude of that source," says Rice.
The latest study also found that the isotopic composition of the microbial methane transported through the trees was almost identical to that of the methane emissions observed in the 2006 study. This means that it could be tough to distinguish in the field between methane produced anaerobically and that produced aerobically.
The idea of aerobic methane production "is still a hard pill for a lot of scientists to swallow", says Patrick Megonigal, a biogeochemist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in Washington DC. "This paper shows that there are other mechanisms that we understand a little better, which could give you the same isotopic ratio and fit into the budget nicely."
The team leader of the original paper says he remains confident that plants are making their own methane, although soils clearly also contribute. "It's getting clearer that living vegetation is maybe playing a more active role in emitting methane to the atmosphere than we previously thought," says Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany.
Keppler, F., Hamilton, J. T. G., Braß, M. & Röckmann, T. Nature 439, 187-191 (2006).
Rice, A. L. et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. doi:10.1029/2009GL041565 (2010).
Nisbet, R. E. R. et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 1347-1354 (2009).
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Mascarelli, A. Trees spit out gas from soil microbes. Nature 463, 861 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/463861a | <urn:uuid:2798e5b2-0913-4d4d-a931-ee3f73a238be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nature.com/articles/463861a?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4aa55b2e-9fff-4f6d-9d1e-b2b6893e1b67 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.951323 | 798 | 4.53125 | 5 |
Carter Elizabeth Lyon
Research title: Spanish Golden Age Art Theory in Practice: A case study of Vicente Carducho’s Self Portrait in the collection of Sir William Stirling Maxwell
Spanish Golden Age Art Theory in Practice: A case study of Vicente Carducho’s Self Portrait in the collection of Sir William Stirling Maxwell
My research concerns the relationship between art theory and artistic practice in the Spanish Golden Age as evidenced in the works of the scholar-artist Vicente Carducho (c.1576-1638). At the core of my project are Carducho’s Self Portrait (c. 1633-38, Glasgow Museums) and his treatise Diálogos de la Pintura (1633). Adopting a technical art history methodology, I have conducted a technical study of Self Portrait that I will interpret in light of Carducho’s presentation of painting as a liberal art and his proposals for its practice. Consideration of Carducho’s professional activities and contemporary Spanish paintings and treatises will inform my analysis.
I intend to use the collection of Sir William Stirling Maxwell (1818-1878) as the contextual framework through which I introduce Carducho’s key works in my study. In the nineteenth century Stirling played a pioneering role in the modern historiography of Spanish art and united Self Portrait and copies of Diálogos in his collection. In my study I will specifically focus on Carducho’s works in Stirling’s collection and draw parallels between Carducho as a scholar-artist and Stirling as a scholar-collector. This will involve examining how theory impacted each man’s practice: namely, how the ideas about art expressed in the books they owned and wrote manifested in their practice as an artist and a collector, respectively.
Book Review: ‘Jusepe Martínez, Practical Discourses on the Most Noble Art of Painting. Edited by Zahira Véliz. Translated by David McGrath and Zahira Véliz.’ Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies. 3, no. 1 (2019): 164-165.
ARTES CEEH Scholar – Scholarship awarded by ARTES Iberian & Latin American Visual Culture Group and the Centro de Estudios Europa Hispánica for research on Spanish or Hispanic visual culture before 1900 (2020)
- ‘Portrait of a Scholar-Artist: Technical evidence of ‘theory in practice’ in Vicente Carducho’s Self Portrait (c. 1633-38)’. 4th International Student Conference of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art, 6-8 November 2019. Cracow, Poland. Publication forthcoming.
- ‘Theory and practice in Spanish Golden Age art in Sir William Stirling Maxwell’s collection and scholarship: A case study of Vicente Carducho’s Self Portrait and Diálogos de la Pintura’. University of Glasgow History of Art Postgraduate Symposium, 1-3rd May 2019. Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- ‘Technical Examination of The Hunterian’s Anne of Austria, GLAHA 43810, attributed to Alonso Sánchez Coello’. Unwrapping an Icon: Lady in a Fur Wrap and Related Spanish Portraits in the Stirling Maxwell Collection, Glasgow, Project Symposium, 20-22nd February 2019. Glasgow, United Kingdom. | <urn:uuid:199b53ca-7bf6-418e-a939-73f504532182> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gla.ac.uk/pgrs/carterelizabethlyon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.851756 | 746 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The effect of retrogression and reaging (RRA) treatment on the hardness and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of 7075 aluminum alloy sheets was systematically investigated. The material in its as-received T6-temper state was retrogressed at 170 °C, 220 °C, 240 °C, and 380 °C for different durations between 15 seconds and 60 minutes. Subsequent reaging was performed at the T6 aging condition (120 °C for 24 hours). RRA-treated alloys exhibited a better combination of hardness and SCC resistance than the T6-temper state when retrogressed between 170 °C and 240 °C for short durations. However, a retrogression temperature of 380 °C resulted in considerable reduction in both hardness and SCC resistance. Among retrogression temperatures employed, 170 °C provided an optimum combination of hardness and SCC resistance, corresponding to 20 pct improvement in hardness and 85 pct improvement in SCC resistance. In this article, improvements in hardness and SCC resistance of 7075 alloy upon RRA treatment are discussed.
|Number of pages||7|
|Journal||Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science|
|State||Published - Oct 2008| | <urn:uuid:3fadcaa2-9dca-4418-bdaa-9782f1ee308f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.ttu.edu/en/publications/improved-resistance-to-stress-corrosion-cracking-failures-via-opt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.883706 | 304 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The 2018 Oticon Audiology Summer Camp brought more than 100 graduate students representing a cross section of US universities to Keystone, Colo for a week-long series of lectures and workshops focused on “Preparing for YOUR Future,” the hearing aid manufacturer announced. For more than 21 years, the Oticon Audiology Summer Camp has provided graduate students in audiology with a unique opportunity to learn from and network with leading researchers, experienced practitioners, Oticon staff, and other new hearing care professionals. The annual professional development event, the first of many Oticon will offer over the students’ professional careers, is designed to supplement and complement students’ education with relevant, practical, professional world knowledge and insights.
Launched in 1997, the curriculum of the Oticon Audiology Summer Camp has continually evolved to reflect the changing hearing healthcare arena.
“In our early programs, we educated students on advanced hearing device technology, something that was not covered as comprehensively at universities in the late 1990s,” said Don Schum, PhD, vice president of audiology for Oticon, Inc who developed the US summer camp program. “Today, the quality of education on hearing device technology at the university level has improved dramatically. That shift has allowed us to focus our camp experience on knowledge and skills that will help students successfully transition to a career in audiology in the changing world of hearing healthcare.”
An expert team of audiologists, hearing industry veterans, and practicing professionals from a variety of practice settings joined with Oticon staff to provide professional perspectives and real-world insights. In-depth general sessions focused on counseling challenges, patient retention, and the special needs of pediatric and older patients. Future-focused sessions explored the Future of eHealth and the New Wireless World and were complemented with hand-on workshops in complex fittings, modeling, modification, and connectivity.
Professional development sessions are said to have helped students to anticipate what they might expect in different clinical settings, including job responsibilities, and life in private practice. Students also gained experience to prepare them for a first job search including interviewing and resume preparation.
Editor-in-Chief Karl Strom covered last year’s camp,“What Audiological Care Means in 2017,” for the January edition of Hearing Review. Many of the educational sessions involved emerging topics in hearing research including speech comprehension, cognition, and aging, as well as topics related to modern hearing healthcare practice including teleaudiology and remote hearing aid fitting and adjustment.
The Oticon Audiology Summer Camp experience also gives participants an opportunity to begin to establish their own professional networks.
“For young professionals, the Oticon Audiology Summer Camp is often the first of many knowledge-sharing events that they will participate in throughout their careers,” said Randi Pogash, AuD, manager, clinical studies for Oticon, Inc who is responsible for the Oticon university program. “We want this to be a rich and rewarding experience that will equip them to succeed and motivate them to come back to Oticon for continued professional development as they grow in their careers.”
To learn more about Oticon resources for audiology students, visit: www.oticon.com/professionals/audiology-students. For information about the Oticon Audiology Summer Camp program, contact Randi R. Pogash, AuD at: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:2ce2a714-9c1c-4ad5-bb51-f8d6b18574e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hearingreview.com/practice-building/2018-oticon-audiology-summer-camp-focused-future-careers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.952163 | 705 | 1.5625 | 2 |
At a time COVID-19 is tearing apart communities across the globe, some communities are more affected than others. People seeking asylum, refugees and other migrants are living through destitution, homelessness, trauma and neglect. This is specially the case with Eritreans living in the UK. For many of them, the state welfare schemes are inaccessible either due to their precarious legal status or sanctions placed on their accessibility by the state. This is especially the case with people seeking asylum and refugees with “no recourse to public funds” conditions attached to their residence permits. For many of these people, government public health guidelines are inaccessible either due to language barriers or lack of access to information.
All of these people have worries and mental helath problems. We are a charity providing support to Eritrean people in the UK and in particular the Eritrean Blin community. Through our extensive community connections, we tackle issues of loneliness, isolation, neglect and misinformation (e.g., vaccination misinformation). Our core charity objects are:
We work very closely with our community members to alleviate mental health problems by organising virtual community activities and opening up virtual zoom spaces for various groups to chat, cook together and support each other. As part of tackling issues of isolation, distress and trauma, we are organising a post-covid community gathering event in June 2022. The activities of the community gathering event will involve a cultural festival, concert, music and traditional food. The event will create an opportunity to show our cultural values, music, and dance, contributing to social cohesion, integration, and inclusive multiculturalism. We estimate that between 200 and 300 people will attend the event.
Blina Shama UK estimates the cost of the event to be around £20,000. We know we cannot do it alone. Our community work relies on the generosity of people. By donating today, you will contribute to vital insiders-led community programmes. You could help a distressed unaccompanied child to find comfort in his or her community. You could help a community build a future full of hope and free from fear of isolation, neglect and distress. And this is why we raise online donations while also applying for other grants.
Hit the Donate button below to donate to our cause. | <urn:uuid:24e01a0f-1211-473b-86a2-ba271784b2b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blinashama.org.uk/donate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.944596 | 453 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Late August to early September is typically when galleries shut their doors and take a break to get ready for the fall season. Finding an open gallery during this time is like finding a public bathroom in Manhattan: difficult, risky, but at times necessary.
It’s relieving, then, that Shin Gallery in the Lower East Side is providing a stellar show during this off-season from Korean painter Keunmin Lee.
As you walk into the Grand Street gallery, three smaller-scale oil and graphite works, Media System, Dialogue, and Organic Plate (2019), offer a glimpse into the pastel colored, semi-abstract and psychologically driven visual space of Lee’s latest. The handling of the canvas space is organic. Layers of amorphous forms and nebulous brush strokes build, yet are fused and natural. Here, Lee offers the taste of another brain; another mind; another world. These little pieces have the same ability to engage as the other, much larger, works, and in the corner of the gallery space, these glimpses become a whole, enticing, trance.
The Refining Hallucinations (2019) series looms and breathes over you. In the corner of the gallery, these larger scale works mingle with bodily forms. Suspended in soft pinks, reds, yellows, greys, and whites, these anatomical clouds float and morph, at times resembling teeth, intestines, or faces. At times, both the distorted innards and treatment of space can read as quite similar to some famous Francis Bacon works like Study for Portrait (1977), but Lee’s freshness is seen in a poetic, rather than unrelenting, signaling of pain. This signaling is at the crux of these deeply personal mindscapes. The artist’s mental illness is often highlighted as a source for what we see on these canvases; whatever it is, I’d urge anyone to fall into these song-like retellings of hallucinations.
“Redefining the Undefined” is up until September 15th at Shin Gallery, 68 Orchard St.
Oops, original article had a typo for the date of Francis Bacon’s Study for Portrait. | <urn:uuid:5f66e478-5e6a-45d9-a060-273fac811ea9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vanguard.blog.brooklyn.edu/2019/09/04/keunmin-lee-at-shin-gallery-provides-something-special-this-off-season/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.937032 | 458 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Frederick Arthur Robinson
First Black Police Officer & Sergeant.
Frederick Arthur Robinson, one of four children, was born in August 1852 in Annapolis, Nova Scotia to Richard T. Robinson and Isabella Gordon, both of English descent. The Robinson family moved from Nova Scotia to Cambridge in 1870 when Frederick was about 18 years old.
He was appointed to the Cambridge Police Force in April 1884, when Mayor Fox nominated him to become the first black police officer for Cambridge. He worked a beat that included Western Ave, Putnam Ave, Dana St, Broadway, and Inman to Main Sts.
Prior to becoming a police officer he worked as a laborer and a teamster. In 1904 the Police Force was reorganized and Mayor Daly promoted Officer Robinson to the rank of Sergeant. In a Cambridge Chronicle newspaper article dated April 30, 1904 it stated that; “As a patrolman Mr. Robinson has done good services, and he is promoted solely on his merits. He knows the duties of a patrolman, and will make a good sergeant.” He worked at Station 2 until his illness early in the summer of 1914, and retired later in 1914 with a pension after 30 years of service.
Sergeant Robinson passed away on December 4, 1914 at age 62 in his home on 15 Union Street, Cambridge, MA. He is buried in Cambridge Cemetery. As stated in the December 17, 1914 issue of the Cambridge Chronicle: “He was considered an ideal patrolman and superior officer, and his knowledge of police matters ranked him with the leaders. | <urn:uuid:448da0d3-7a2e-4f4e-a46b-d341b35c1b17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://cambridgeblackhistoryproject.org/project/frederick-robinson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.983758 | 319 | 2.953125 | 3 |
None of the reliably irritating qualities of the social issue documentary gall quite so acutely as the tendency to venerate mere awareness.
Audiences are invited to leave such films duly pleased for having cared enough to watch, congratulated by the filmmakers for recognizing, from the comfort of the theater or living room, the iniquities of a strife-ridden world.
The injustice addressed by Desert Riders is a particularly alarming one: Many thousands of young boys, we learn, have been trafficked over the years from their homes in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sudan to the United Arab Emirates, where, regularly starved and abused, they are commissioned to ride as jockeys in the country’s popular camel races. Survivors of this system emerge bedraggled and pained, and, as dozens testify to the extent of their mistreatment, it’s difficult to imagine anybody remaining unconvinced of the sport’s cruelty.
By this point in likeminded documentaries, a spirit of vicarious activism usually kicks in: We’ve been persuaded that the situation is dire, and we want to know what the world ought to do about it. Can we purchase some sort of supportive ribbon or rubber bracelet?
But it soon transpires that the camel-racing issue has already been resolved — nearly a decade ago, in fact, after HBO aired a documentary on the subject and the U.S. was called to intervene. (The camels are now ridden by small robots.) Well, that’s certainly a relief.
We’ve been made aware. And we don’t even have to do anything about it.
Advertising disclosure: We may receive compensation for some of the links in our stories. Thank you for supporting the Village Voice and our advertisers. | <urn:uuid:67d9cd82-3ad6-4e27-ac6b-c842ad0d704c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.villagevoice.com/2014/04/23/the-cruelty-of-camel-racing-again-exposed-in-desert-riders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.964498 | 362 | 2.078125 | 2 |
GeoKnow addresses a bold challenge in the area of intelligent information management: the exploitation of the Web as a platform for geospatial knowledge integration as well as for exploration of geographic information. This group will bring together scientists, GIS users, linked Data users, data consumers and providers, interested in the exploitation of linked geospatial data.
This group will not produce specifications.
Note: Community Groups are proposed and run by the community. Although W3C hosts these conversations, the groups do not necessarily represent the views of the W3C Membership or staff.
LinkedGeoData is the RDF version of Open Street Map (OSM), which covers the entire planet geospatial data information. As of September 2014 the zipped xml file from OSM had 36GB of data, while the size of zipped LGD files in turtle format is 177GB. The detailed description of the dataset can be found in the D1.3.2 Continuous Report on Performance Evaluation. Technically, LinkedGeoData is set of SQL files, database-to-rdf (RDB2RDF) mappings, and bash scripts. The actual RDF conversion is carried out by the SPARQL-to-SQL rewriter Sparqlify. You can view the Sparqlify Mappings for LinkedGeoData here. Within The maintenance and improvement of the Mappings required to transform OSM data to RDF has being done during all the project. This dataset has being used in several use cases, but specially for all benchmarking tasks within GeoKnow.
Wikimapia is a crowdsourced, open-content, collaborative mapping initiative, where users can contribute mapping information. This dataset existed already before the project started. However it was only accessible through Wikimapia’s API⁴ and provided in XML or JSON formats. Within GeoKnow, we downloaded several sets of geospatial entities from Wikimapia, including both spatial and non-spatial attributes for each entity and transformed them into RDF data. The process we followed is described next. We considered a set of cities throughout the world (Athens, London, Leipzig, Berlin, New York) and downloaded the whole content provided by Wikimapia regarding the geospatial entities included in those geographical areas. These cities where preferred since they are the base cities of several partners in the project, while the rest two cities were randomly selected, with the aim to reach our target of more than 100000 spatial entities from Wikimapia. Apart from geometries, Wikimapia provided a very rich set of metadata (non-spatial properties) for each entity (e.g. tags and categories describing the geospatial entities, topological relations with nearby entities, comments of the users, etc.). The aforementioned dumps were transformed into RDF triples in a straightforward way: (a) defining intermediate resources (functioning as blank nodes) where information was organized in more than one levels, (b) flattening the information of deeper levels where possible in order to simplify the structure of the dataset and (c) transforming tags into OWL classes. Specifically, we developed a parsing tool to communicate with the Wikimapia API and construct appropriate n-triples from the dataset. The tool takes as input a bounding box in the form of wgs84 coordinates (min long, min lat, max long, max lat). We chose five initial bounding boxes: one for each of the cities mentioned above. The bounding box was defined in such way so that it covered the whole area of the selected city. Each bounding box was then further divided by the tool into a grid of smaller bounding boxes in order to overcome the upper limit per area of the returned entities from Wikimapia API. For each place returned, we transformed all properties into RDF triples. Every tag was assigned an OWL class and an appropriate label, corresponding to the textual description in the initial Wikimapia XML file. Each place became an instance of the classes provided by its tags. For the rest of the returned Wikimapia attributes, we created a custom property in a uniform way for each attribute of the returned Wikimapia XML file. The properties resulting from the Wikimapia XML attributes point to their literal values. For example, we construct properties about each place’s language id, Wikipedia link, URL link, title, description, edit info, location info, global administrative areas, available languages and geometry information.
If these attributes follow a deeper tree structure, we assign the properties at intermediate custom nodes by concatenating the property with the place ID; these nodes function as blank nodes and connect the initial entity with a set of properties and the respective values. This process resulted to creating an initial geospatial RDF dataset containing, for each entity, the polygon geometry that represents it, along with a wealth of non-spatial properties of the entity. The dataset contains 102,019 geospatial entities and 4,629,223 triples.
Upon that, in order to create a synthetically interlinked pair of datasets, we split the Wikimapia RDF dataset, duplicating the geometries and dividing them into the two datasets in the following way. For each polygon geometry, we created another point geometry located in the centroid of the polygon and then shifted the point by a random (but bounded) factor⁵. The polygon was left in the first dataset where the point was transferred to the second dataset. The rest of the properties where distributed between the two datasets as
follows: The first dataset consists of metadata containing the main information about the Wikimapia places and edit information about users, timestamps, deletion state and editors. The second dataset consists of metadata concerning basic info, location and language information. This way, the two sub-datasets essentially refer to the same Wikimapia entities, differing only in geometric and metadata information. Each of the two sub-datasets contains 102,019 geospatial entities and the first one contains 1,225,049 triples while the second one 4,633,603 triples.
For the INSPIRE to RDF use case, we selected seven data themes from Annex I,that are describes in the Table below. Although all metadata in geodata.gov.gr is fully compatible with INSPIRE regulations, data is not because it has been integrated from several diverse sources, which have rarely followed the proper standards. Thus, due to data variety, provenance, and excessive volume, its transformation into INSPIRE-compliant datasets is a time-consuming and demanding task. The first step was the alignment of the data to INSPIRE Annex I. To this goal, we utilised the Humboldt Alignment Editor, a powerful open-source tool with a graphical interface and a high-level language for expressing custom alignments. Such transformation can be used to turn a non-harmonised data source to an INSPIRE-compliant dataset. It only requires a source schema (an .xsd for the local GML file) and a target one (an .xsd implementing an INSPIRE data schema). As soon as the schema mapping was defined, the source GML data was loaded, and the INSPIRE-aligned GML file was produced. The second step was the transformation into RDF. This process was quite straightforward, provided the set of suitable XSL stylesheets. We developed all these transformations in XSLT 2.0, implementing one parametrised stylesheet per selected data theme. By default, all geometries were encoded in WKT serialisations according to GeoSPARQL.The produced RDF triples were finally loaded and made available in both Virtuoso and Parliament RDF stores, in http://geodata.gov.gr/sparql, as a proof of concept.
INSPIRE Data Theme
Number of features
Number of triples
[GN] Geographical names
Settlements, towns, and localities in Greece.
[AU] Administrative units
All Greek municipalities after the most recent restructuring (”Kallikratis”).
Street addresses in Kalamaria municipality.
[CP] Cadastral parcels
The building blocks in Kalamaria are used. Data from the official Greek Cadastre are not available through geodata. gov.gr.
[TN] Transport networks
Urban road network in Kalamaria.
All rivers and waterstreams in Greece.
[PS] Protected sites
All areas of natural preservation in Greece according to the EU Natura 2000 network.
GeoKnow introduces the latest version of FAGI-gis, a framework for fusing Linked Data, that focuses on the geospatial properties of the linked entities. FAGI-gis receives as input two datasets (through SPARQL endpoints) and a set of links that interlink entities between the datasets and produces a new dataset where each pair of linked entities is fused into a single entity. Fusion is performed for each pair of matched properties between two linked entities, according to a selected fusion action, and considers both spatial and non-spatial properties.
The tool supports an interactive interface, offering visualization of the data at every part of the process. Especially for spatial data, it provides map previewing and graphical manipulation of geometries. Further, it provides advanced fusion functionality through batch mode fusion, clustering of links, link discovery/creation, property matching, property creation, etc.
As the first step of the fusion workflow, the tool allows the user to select and filter the interlinked entities (using the Classes they belong to or SPARQL queries) to be loaded for further fusion. Then, at the schema matching step, a semi-automatic process facilitates the mapping of entity properties from one dataset to the other. Finally, the fusion panel allows the map-based manipulation of geometries, and the selection from a set of fusion actions in order to produce a final entity, where each pair of matched properties are fused according to the most suitable action.
The above process can be enriched with several advanced fusion facilities. The user is able to cluster the linked entities according to the way they are interlinked, so as to handle with different fusion actions, different clusters of linked entities. Moreover, the user can load unlinked entities and be recommended candidate entities to interlink. Finally, training on past fusion actions and on OpenStreetMap data, FAGI-gis is able to recommend suitable fusion actions and OSM Categories (Classes) respectively, for pairs of fused entities.
The FAGI-gis is provided as free software and its current version is available from GitHub. An introductory user guide is also available. More detailed information on FAGI-gis is provided int he following documents:
GeoKnow has recently introduced OSMRec, a JOSM plugin for automatic annotation of spatial features (entities) into OpenStreetMap. OSMRec trains on existing OSM data and is able to recommend to users OSM categories, in order to annotate newly inserted spatial entities. This is important for two reasons. First, users may not be familiar with the OSM categories; thus searching and browsing the OSM category hierarchy to find appropriate categories for the entity they wish to insert may often be a time consuming and frustrating process, to the point of users neglecting to add this information. Second, if an already existing category that matches the new entity cannot be found quickly and easily (although it exists), the user may resort instead to using his/her own term, resulting in synonyms that later need to be identified and dealt with.
The category recommendation process takes into account the similarity of the new spatial entities to already existing (and annotated with categories) ones in several levels: spatial similarity, e.g. the number of nodes of the feature’s geometry, textual similarity, e.g. common important keywords in the names of the features and semantic similarity (similarities on the categories that characterize already annotated entities). So, for each level (spatial, textual, semantic) we define and implement a series of training features that represent spatial entities into a multidimensional space. This way, by training the aforementioned models, we are able to correlate the values of the training features with the categories of the spatial entities, and consequently, recommend categories for new features. To this end, we apply multiclass SVM classification, using LIBLINEAR.
The following figure represents a screen of OSMRec within JOSM. The user can select an entity or draw a new entity on the map and ask for recommendations by clicking the “Add Recommendation” button. The recommendation panel opens and the plugin automatically loads the appropriate recommendation model that has previously been trained offline.
The recommendation panel provides a list with the top-10 recommended categories and the user can select from this list and click “Add and continue”. As a result the selected category is added to the OSM tags. By the time the user adds a new tag at the selected object, a new vector is computed for that OSM instance in order to recalculate the predictions and display an updated list of recommendations (taking into account the previously selected categories/tags, as extra training information). Further, OSMRec provides functionality for allowing the user to combine several recommendation models, based on (a) a selected geographic area, (b) user’s past editing history on OSM and (c) combination of (a) and (b). This way, personalized category recommendations can be provided that take into account the user’s editing history and/or the specific characteristics of a geographic area of OSM.
OSMRec plugin can be downloaded and installed in JOSM following the standard procedure. Detailed implementation information can be found in the following documents:
A typical tourist scenario is hard to picture without a map. Yet, such a scenario implies you are not familiar with your surroundings and, therefore, often not sure how to find the things that are of interest to you. Typical geospatial browsers will provide you with common exploration tools that will most often include a slippy map combined with keyword search, categorized points of interest (POIs) and a fixed set of filters. But, all of these imply either that you know what it is you’re looking for, or that the preset collection of POIs and criteria will be enough to satisfy your needs. In real life, however, those needs will often be affected by the given context, which is, in turn, dependent on multiple, dynamic factors, such as the place you’re visiting, your mood, interests, background etc. Imagine using your favorite geospatial browser to answer the following question:
“Where are the nearest buildings designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, typical of the Prairie School movement?”
GEM (Geospatial-semantic Exploration on the Move) is the very first geospatial exploration tool that offers a rich mobile experience and overcomes the abovementioned limitations of conventional solutions by exploiting all strengths of the Linked Open Data paradigm, such as built-in semantics in open, crowd-sourced knowledge found in publicly available sources, such as DBpedia, loaded and filtered on-demand, according to user’s needs, in order to prevent maps from overpopulating.
The Linked Map team is willing receive feedback on the results of the project. This project is a short term project (less than 1 year) and it is part of the larger FP7 project PlanetData. Linked Map address the development of a standard WMS that, at the same time, is a LD node offering read/write access to geographic knowledge. This vision is applied in a challenging scenario: the use of crowdsourcing techniques to improve the quality of the automatic integration of a National Map with existing VGI data.
Up to date we have developed:
A transparent semantic proxy for WMS 1.3.0 (deliverable D17.1)
Transformation into RDF of a National Map (BCN/BTN25 provided by IGN.es) and a VGI dataset (a portion of OSM) (deliverable D16.3)
Large scale alignment of both datasets using only name, type and location properties (deliverable D16.3)
Annotation of the resulting RDF datasets at feature level with W3C PROV ontology (deliverable D16.1 and implementation D16.3)
The GeoKnow project has been running over one year and is proud to show the first results of the research project during the W3C Switzerland event on May 22, 2014. Ontos, a W3C member and a partner of the GeoKnow project will demonstrate the GeoKnow Generator during the talk “Linked Open Data”. The event takes place in 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland and is free of charge. More information about the event and registration is available at the following link:
The GeoKnow team has created the first tutorials showing how to work with the GeoKnow Generator and the tools. The team plans to extend the list of tutorials during 2014 helping everybody to get a better understanding on how to work with geospatial data using the GeoKnow LD stack.
The GeoKnow consortium also welcomes everybody to work with the prototype available at http://generator.geoknow.eu:8080/generator/#/home. Just keep in mind it is the demo server and as with many software projects some minor problems can occur.
Any feedback is welcome via our Twitter channel https://twitter.com/geoknow.
One of the most important event in Europe about Open Data is the European data forum. During the event that will take place in March in Athens several workshop about tools and applications are organised. The GeoKnow consortium will present the LinkedDataEurope workshop the current version of the research project. During the talk we will show the GeoKnow research objectives related to geospatial linked open data, the GeoKnow Generator and various tools that help to fulfil the Linked Data Lifecycle with geospatial data.
Following is the link to the slides that will be presented at the workshop:
In the past month (April 2013), we invited geospatial data consumers and providers, GIS experts and Semantic Web specialists to participate in our Geospatial Data Users Survey. The goal of this survey was to collect general use cases and user requirements from people outside the GeoKnow consortium. We publicised the survey using mailing lists and social networks, and it was available for 25 days. During this period we received 122 responses, of these we had 51 full responses and 71 incomplete ones. Since we were interested in having good quality surveys, so we performed a manual control, which resulted in 39 useful responses – not too bad. In this blog post, we aim to show some interesting results from our survey. If you are interested to learn more about the results of this survey, you can check the public derivable available here.
One of the goals of this survey was to learn more use cases different from those we already consider in the project. Thus, we asked participants how they use geospatial data in their work. To analyse this question, we grouped answers in different types which is shown in the graph at the right. Most of the scenarios were about visualisation and analysis, followed by geospatial data creation scenarios.
We asked users for the most popular tools they use at their work. Responses to this question were OSM and Google Maps/Earth, as well as other GSI. After we asked about the features they like the most about these tools, participants reflected preference by easy to use and free tools for their work, referring to their popular choices of Google Maps or OSM. Also having an API to interact with the application is important. The fact that applications provided data that can be integrated was also appreciated. GIS applications were considered as difficult. Integration and interoperability were mentioned as goals. Besides the previous question, we were also interested in knowing the missing functionalities that may improve their work. A list of these functionalities grouped by the related work package within GeoKnow is presented in the image below.
This survey allow us to learn from different use cases, main features used, and desired functionalities, that are to be considered in the creation of the GeoKnow Generator. Some important high level findings from the survey were the emphasis in interoperability and reusability through open APIs and approachable visualisation components, support for common geospatial data formats and geodbs, and the necessity of simple tools to support data integration/reuse from geospatial LOD sources. We also found that some of the ideas of the GeoKnow project are further supported by user requirements like the integration of private and public data and the importance of using the web as an integration platform.
Many different applications we deal with on a daily basis have some kind of geographic dimension. This geospatial information is normally required for decision making at different levels. However, this information is dispersed among a multiplicity of sources. At GeoKnow we aim to make information seeking easier by allowing exploration, editing and interlinking of heterogeneous information sources with a spatial dimension.
Now we are interested in getting to know the people that face these kinds of issues in their everyday work. We have created a survey to help us to understand and to hear more about their experience with geospatial data. This survey targets geospatial data consumers and providers, and GIS users interested in having an integrated web of geospatial data.
If you use geospatial data in your work, your contribution in this survey will be highly appreciated. The outcome of this survey will impact the use cases and requirements for the GeoKnow project, which aims to create a versatile software framework to rapidly generate spatial semantic web applications.
We are offering a 20 euro Amazon voucher to the first 50 completed surveys. Willing to participate? Please go right away to: | <urn:uuid:2e8f5e24-5632-4572-863c-4f5693a874e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.w3.org/community/geosemweb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.913846 | 4,662 | 1.875 | 2 |
By: Drew Sorrell
On August 6, 2020, Governor DeSantis’s Executive Order 20-192 removed the requirement for restaurant employees who tested positive for COVID-19 to test negative twice before returning to work. The new executive order allows employees to return to work so long as they comply with the current CDC return to work guidelines.
Given the difficulty of obtaining a test and timely results, the Governor’s adoption of CDC guidelines de facto shifts away from a testing approach to what is likely a more practical approach.
As of this writing, the CDC guidelines for returning to work require a person who falls ill with COVID-19 to be 10-days post onset, fever-free (with no medications) and all other symptoms “have improved.” Notably, the current CDC guidelines for persons only exposed to COVID-19 require quarantine for 14 days. As acknowledged by the CDC itself, these guidelines make it possible for a person “exposed” to be away from work longer than a person who is actually ill with COVID-19.
Further, the CDC does not definitively address what “symptoms have improved” means and as a factual matter probably cannot. Additionally, the current 24-hour fever-free requirement fails to prevent the over-eager return to work of a person whose fever breaks for 24 hours and then bounces back, as has happened. In comparison, previous CDC guidance provided a 72-hour fever-free requirement.
The Florida DBPR has explained in its FAQs for EO 20-192 that workers who never develop symptoms but test positive may return to work 10 days following their last positive lab test. Obviously, this answer remains a testing approach.
Interestingly, the DBPR FAQ provides that food service establishments should screen their employees by meeting them outside the establishment. At that meeting the employer, “shall evaluate the employee for obvious signs of illness and send the employee home if symptoms such as cough, fever, shortness of breath, sore throat or signs of a respiratory infection are directly observed.” Hopefully, the employer may also ask the employee if they are suffering from any of those symptoms, and not simply hope that direct observation reveals the employees sore throat, etc.
At this time, the State of Florida has not altered the workers’ compensation rubric for workers who contract COVID-19. On the other hand, the State of Florida has also not enacted immunities for employers/proprietors for suits filed by workers or patrons. In comparison, the Governor of the State of Connecticut has issued his Executive Order No. 7JJJ that gives rise to a rebuttable presumption that essential workers who contract COVID-19 did so as part of their work, thus providing workers’ compensation coverage.
The DBPR FAQ also provides answers to certain questions regarding restaurant operations and capacity; however, these all appear to be consistent with previous guidance. Half-capacity for in-door dining, six-feet distancing, and support for expanding outdoor seating where local law permits such.
If you have any questions or would like to discuss any of these issues further, please contact Drew Sorrell or the attorney with whom you regularly consult at Lowndes.
This article is informational only. You should consult an attorney before acting or failing to act. The law may change rapidly and no warranty is given. LOWNDES DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ALL ARTICLES ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND WITH ALL FAULTS. Consult a Lowndes attorney if you wish to establish an attorney/client relationship. | <urn:uuid:f444b11e-2025-47c1-b720-6416b57a9baa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lowndes-law.com/article-detail/post_detail/florida-restaurant-employees-covid-19-cdc-guidelines-replace-retesting | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.946032 | 755 | 1.640625 | 2 |
September is National Literacy Awareness Month and the Kenosha Literacy Council plans to celebrate in a BIG way!
Can you imagine not being able to read a note from your child's teacher, fill out a job application, or read instructions from the doctor? More than 30 million adults in the U.S. cannot read, write or do basic math above a 3rd grade level.
Join us at any of the special events throughout September to help celebrate National Literacy Awareness Month. You will learn about the lives impacted by our work and how we successfully connect with adults in our community to help them achieve their literacy goals every day.
Find more event details on Facebook!
Open House Celebrating International Literacy Day Wednesday, September 8th from 5-7pm at the Kenosha Literacy Council
KLC at HarborMarket Saturday, September 11th from 9am-2pm
Hispanic Heritage Month: My Immigrant Experience Wednesday, September 15th at 5:30pm at the Kenosha Literacy Council
Jersey Mike's for Literacy Wednesday, September 22 from 4-9pm at Jersey Mike's 3625 Market Lane, Somers, WI
Brews & Bluegrass for Books Wednesday, September 29th from 6-8pm at Public Craft Brewing Co. | <urn:uuid:0f476fd6-e78d-4a21-8b94-c57b30a2a865> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kenoshalit.org/literacymonth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.941021 | 261 | 2.203125 | 2 |
William Kent Krueger’s masterful 2013 novel, Ordinary Grace, transported me to the summer of 1961 in a small town on the Minnesota River. I was 12 years old that year, one year younger than the novel’s narrator and protagonist, Frank Drum.
The reading experience was deeply affecting. I’d read two of Krueger’s spellbinding Cork O’Connor mysteries, and his 2017 masterpiece, This Tender Land. I thoroughly enjoyed all three, but Ordinary Grace had the deepest emotional impact.
Krueger is a first-rate storyteller. He develops complex plots with a wide range of characters. His well-honed skill as a mystery writer is clearly evident in Ordinary Grace, yet this book transcends the sometimes-formulaic structure of that genre. Like This Tender Land, the narrative lens is that of a youngster but as told by his much older self. This allows for a churning immediacy in the depiction of a young, troubled teenager, but with the perspective of someone of considerable experience and wisdom.
My favorite character in the novel is Frank’s father, Nathan Drum. Nathan is a devoted Methodist minister who came by his spiritual beliefs honestly. He came from a hard-scrabble, working-class family with a hard-drinking father. He was smart and had a strong ambition to become a lawyer. In college he met and wooed a pretty music major who was taken with Nathan’s worldly drive. Ruth and Nathan married and had a daughter just before he entered the U.S. Army as a combat officer who served on the front lines of World War II from North Africa, to Sicily, Italy, and the final bloody year in Germany.
Something happened to Nathan during that time that set his post-war life on a completely different track. Overwhelmed with the cruelty and carnage of war, Nathan found refuge in his latent Christian faith. Returning home to Ruth and young Ariel, he promptly entered divinity school and became an ordained Methodist minister.
Ruth was taken aback by Nathan’s newly found religious commitment, but her love was such that she went along, reluctantly at times, to become a minister’s wife. The saving grace was that she found a rich avenue to manifest her musical talents and leadership. Their daughter Ariel proved to be a musical prodigy and the family found a sustainable mission in leading small Protestant churches, Methodist and otherwise, in rural Minnesota. Ruth became a first-rate choral director and Ariel composed and performed hymns and other spiritual music that gave the whole family a favorable reputation. Two boys were born in the 1950’s, Frank, and his younger brother, Jake – a boy afflicted with a chronic stutter. Ruth was completely devoted to Ariel, seeing in her the hope for a musical career that she herself had missed. She delegated most of the parenting of the boys to their father.
As the novel begins, the Drum family has been happily ensconced for five years at a small church in New Bremen, the town that Ruth hailed from. School has just let out for the summer, and Frank and Jake enjoy their free time with frequent jaunts along the Minnesota River, which runs near their home. Ariel has just graduated high school with a scholarship to Julliard Music School in New York awaiting her in the fall.
The bucolic atmosphere is soon interrupted by two strange deaths. First, a young boy’s body is found badly mutilated from having been run over by a freight train at a trestle over the river. The young boy is around Jake’s age (10-11) and like Jake, had been regarded as “different” – an only child to aging parents, spacey and unsociable. Nathan is charged with organizing and leading the funeral and he’s deeply chagrined at the violent death of this gentle boy. He counsels the parents, as well as his own two boys who are deeply disturbed by the death.
The second death is even more disturbing for the two boys, who discover a dead man’s body one afternoon under the same trestle where the young boy was found. The “Itinerant” is never identified, yet Nathan handles the funeral with the same respect and care as he would for a parishioner. He has memories of the first time he witnessed a dead soldier, and the profound effect it has upon him.
Events in New Bremen heat up as July 4 approaches. Both boys are drawn to illicit fireworks, but both are shocked when they witness a psychopathic police officer blow up a bullfrog with a firecracker.
Ariel and her mother lead the main event of the town’s July 4 celebration, a choral concert featuring one of Ariel’s compositions, and with the town’s celebrity pianist-composer, Emil Brandt, featured on piano. The concert is a resounding success, followed by a fabulous fireworks display. But later that night, Ariel fails to return from a drunken bonfire-party that her classmates have on a sandy beach along the riverfront. Her steady boyfriend, Karl Brandt, says he got drunk and lost track of her. The whole Drum family is distraught as days go by with no news about Ariel. Ruth becomes completely despondent, and then violently angry at Nathan when he tries to soothe her. The atmosphere at the Drum home becomes toxic, despite the sympathy and food donations coming their way. Frank and Jake are deeply bereft at the loss of their generous and big-hearted sister. Even Nathan is shaken to the core.
After four days, Ariel’s dead body is finally discovered in the river below the train trestle by Frank. Discovering their beloved sister’s corpse is deeply traumatic for both boys. After the body is firmly identified, Ruth’s anger at Nathan’s religiosity boils over and she leaves the family home, completely broken in spirit.
An autopsy reveals that Ariel was pregnant. The boyfriend Karl is immediately suspected but he desperately pleads his innocence. Not only has he not killed her, he has never slept with her. The tragedy is compounded when Karl’s dead body is found on a country road after having been thrown from his sports car.
At this moment of utter bleakness, Nathan is faced with leading a Sunday service at his church. All his friends and church members rally to his side and the church is packed. His spirit is deeply wounded, not only at the death of his daughter, but by the desertion of his wife and life partner. Nathan emerges from his bleak despair as he preaches. He reaches into the deepest recesses of his soul to find and affirm the faith, hope and love that got him through the horrors of war.
At the funeral meal for Ariel, Nathan rises to offer grace but is cut short by a hostile Ruth, who curtly tells him to keep it short with an “ordinary grace.” Her coldness leaves Nathan unhinged, and he asks if someone else can lead grace. In the most moving moment of the book for me, Jake rises to say he will lead grace. Frank and everyone else freeze in horror, knowing the severity of Jake’s speech defect. After a stuttering start, Jake finds his own inner spirit and delivers a simple, heartfelt prayer of gratitude and appreciation.
This moment of “ordinary grace” is a reminder of all the moments of beauty and love that had permeated the life of the Drum family before tragedy hit. Later that evening, Nathan and Frank are alone in the car. Frank wishes aloud that he could have been oblivious to all the tragedy that has transpired. His father turns to him and shares the essence of his own hard-won acceptance:
“There was a playwright, Son, a Greek by the name of Aeschylus. He wrote that he who lives and learns must suffer. And even in our sleep, pain, which cannot forget, falls drop by drop upon the heart, until, in our own despair, against our will, comes wisdom through the awful grace of God.”
John Bayerl, 1/4/2022 | <urn:uuid:fcc4895f-7369-48bc-8bd4-f49d5935ea61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://johnbayerl.blog/2022/01/04/extraordinary-grace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.979948 | 1,706 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Sentius Tectonicus: Constructing a Centurion
Charting the creation of Sentius Tectonicus
Until 9 June 2019 (historic exhibition)
Constructed from weathered steel by artist John O'Rourke the newly erected sculpture Sentius Tectonicus stands guard here at the ancient fort of Segedunum.
This exhibition charts the making of this iconic addition to the east end of Hadrian's Wall.
Inspired by an actual centurion instrumental in the building of Hadrian’s Wall in the Segedunum area, Sentius Tectonicus links both the site’s Roman heritage and its more recent industrial past.
With thanks to North Tyneside Council; WD Close who provided all of the materials and engineering expertise with trainees and apprentices from AIS Connect helping in its construction; Capita who designed and built the statue’s foundation and plinth. | <urn:uuid:c69a96eb-5981-4ac3-a2ff-229ddadfc36d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://segedunumromanfort.org.uk/whats-on/creating-a-centurion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.892875 | 189 | 2.28125 | 2 |
PLEASE! If you see any mistakes, I'm 100% sure that I have wrongly identified some birds.
So please let me know on my guestbook at the bottom of the page
The greater painted-snipe (Rostratula benghalensis) is a species of wader in the family Rostratulidae. It is found in marshes in Africa, South Asia and South-east Asia.
Range map from www.oiseaux.net - Ornithological Portal Oiseaux.net
www.oiseaux.net is one of those MUST visit pages if you're in to bird watching. You can find just about everything there
By No machine-readable author provided. Shyamal assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided.
Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=645832
Medium-sized, plump wading bird. Long reddish-brown bill, slightly decurved at tip, and distinct white or pinkish eye patch. Rounded, buff-spotted wings and short tail. White of breast extends up around top of folded wing. The painted-snipe is not related to the true snipes and differs from them in habits, flight and appearance, being far more colorful and having longer legs than the snipes.
It is unusual in that the female is larger and more brightly colored than the male, with the sides of the head, neck and throat a rich chestnut brown, and a distinct black band across the breast; the male is paler and greyer.
Not a vocal species; the male at times utters a shrill trill, while the female makes a guttural ook sound as well as hissing noises during breeding displays.
Usually found close to the fringes of reed beds along shorelines of marshes, swamps, ponds and streams.
Solitary or in pairs, sometimes in groups of up to 12. Rather shy and retiring, skulking close to the vegetation so that it can retreat to cover if disturbed. When flushed, flies like a rail with legs dangling. Bobs hindquarters on landing and sometimes when walking. Probes for food in the mud.
The female initiates courtship and may mate with more than one male. The male incubates the eggs and takes the parental care.
Food and feeding
They feed on insects, crustaceans, molluscs and seeds.
Egg of Rostratula benghalensis – Muséum de Toulouse, France
By Didier Descouens - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,
The females court the males, are polyandrous with males incubating and raising the young as predicted by parental investment theory. Chicks are buff coloured and have black stripes running along their length. Immature birds resemble the male but lack the broken dark band across the breast.
Males are also known to carry the chicks to safety under the wings.
The nest is usually a shallow scrape in soft ground, lined with plant material and situated among grass or reeds at the water's edge; sometimes a pad of vegetation or a nest of grass and weeds. The breeding season is between | <urn:uuid:ffe6723b-af51-4fc0-9b1d-f23b92593f00> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://aladdin.st/bird-watching/thailand/greater_painted-snipe.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.915932 | 725 | 2.046875 | 2 |
6 Healthy Summer Vegetables: On hot summer days, due to the hot temperature cool and healthy summer vegetables keep you cool in the hot summer season. Vegetables have many Nutritional benefits that are essential for our body.
They prevent us from cardiovascular disease and help us maintain our weight. Always use vegetables that are in season. On hot summer days, there are many nutritious vegetables that you can add to your diet. Here is a list of 6 summer vegetables as each vegetable has its own benefits.
Eggplants are also included in good summer vegetables. They play an important role in antioxidant activity in our bodies. Eggplant is also rich in scours of fiber which makes it essential for gut health.
Cumbers is the most popular summer vegetable. cumberer has a high quality of water. It consists of 95% of water. It keeps you hydrated on hot summer days. Cumber is also a good source of vitamin C and silica. which is important for connective tissue health. The cucumber skin is a good source of fiber, potassium, and magnesium. Cucumbers are used in salads, sandwiches, soups.
Radishes are very good for you. They are high in Vitamins E, A, C, B 6, k, and minerals such as potassium and phosphorous, magnesium, copper, calcium, iron, and manganese. Radishes are very essential for our body. vegetables with red color are rich in Vitamin C. They are a good scour of fiber that is way easy to digest.
Corn is a widely eaten starch full of vegetables. sweet corn is used as a vegetable, Popcorn, corn chips, corn oil corn salad corn is a healthy source of energy.it controls blood sugar levels, unlike refined carbohydrates. It is also a great source of antioxidants. it also helps to support a healthy immune system. Therefore corn helps in digestion that keeps you regular. you can throw it on the grill for a healthy and tasty side dish.
Green beans are a tasty summer vegetable. It is popular in many weight-loss diets. Because of its low-calorie, it is very common in diet food meal plans. They are rich in fiber and easy to digest. They help to reduce the risk of different health issues. Green beans are also rich in Vitamin K that is required for good bone health. It also contains nutrients like protein, iron, zinc, and antioxidants.
summer squash is also a healthy summer vegetable. summer squash is fat and cholesterol-free. It also contains magnesium, which can help prevent a stroke summer squash help protect the body from inflammation. It is healthy for the circulatory system and the digestive system of our body. | <urn:uuid:2c21f0a5-2336-4b1e-b9f6-02a19707ed01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elgostyles.com/6-healthy-summer-vegetables/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.95919 | 569 | 2.84375 | 3 |
A routine roof inspection is an essential homeowner maintenance box to check. A damaged or leaking roof can cause a lot of problems and lead to costly repairs. Use these tips to inspect your roof effectively and safely.
- Check for Algae, Moss, or Other Debris
If you have binoculars, you can begin your roof check from the ground. Walk around your house and check your roof for piles of debris or growth, all of which can cause damage to a roof by trapping moisture that can seep into the sheathing below your shingles. Moss is very dangerous because it soaks in rainwater like a sponge, causing the wooden structure under your roof to mold and decay and compromising the structural integrity of your roof. If you don’t have binoculars, a ladder will be necessary to get a closer look. Any debris or growth should be removed immediately.
- Look for Buckled, Curled, Missing, or Damaged Shingles
Many things can cause your shingles to warp, buckle, or curl including hot air in the attic, severe weather, age, and more. Misshapen shingles can compromise the integrity of your roof structure, allowing water in and causing bad ventilation, so they need to be replaced. If more than one-third of your shingles are found to be misshapen, it’s time to replace the entire roof.
If you have a metal roof, look for corrosion, rust, and general wear.
- Inspect Up Close
If you haven’t already, get up on a ladder to perform a closer inspection of the items listed above as well as check for any damage to the flashings around the chimney, dormers, and vents. Flashings are the metal pieces on your roof that are placed to redirect water. Damaged flashings can allow water into the interior structure of your roof and lead to rot in the roof or walls of your home. If you see damage, replace the flashings.
- Investigate Your Attic
If your home has an attic, it’s critical to get in there and look around for signs of water leaking through your roof, especially after rain. This also helps you spot damage that may not be visible from the ground or ladder. Inspect the rafters and the wooden interior of your roof for any moisture, mold, and rot. If you see any water damage, it needs fixing or replacing.
Remember, your roof is your home’s first line of defense against the outdoor elements. It’s best to have a professional inspect your home at least once a year. Additionally, regular DIY roof inspections will also help you get to know your roof well so you’ll be able to spot problems before they get too serious.
Has it been more than a year since your last roof inspection? Give Capital City a call! We’re the best roofers in Springfield IL, providing reliable and affordable work. | <urn:uuid:484c93ec-d23c-4bf0-a39f-ada1a4c51a6c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://capitalcityhomeimprovement.com/2022/06/01/how-to-perform-a-roof-inspection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.935057 | 608 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Report: Computer science unavailable to many minority kids
Craig Clough | May 8, 2015
Millennials may be the first generation born and raised in the digital age, but the state of California has a long way to go in catching up to modern times in providing the state’s minority students with a proper education in computer science, according to a new report.
“Path Not Found: Disparities in Computer Science Course Access in California High Schools,” a report from the Level Playing Field Institute, found that public schools with a high number of students of color are half as likely to offer computer science classes as schools with a predominately white or Asian student body.
Specifically, the report found:
- Nearly 75 percent of schools with the highest percentage of under-represented students of color offer no computer science courses.
- Of the more than half a million high school students in the largest 20 districts, just 1 percent are in any computer science course.
- African-American and Latino students make up 59 percent of California public school students but were just 11 percent of 2014 AP Computer Science test takers.
- Only 4 percent of schools with the highest percentage of low-income students offer AP Computer Science.
“Cumulatively, these findings suggest systemic barriers for students of color, low-income students and English learners in accessing computing careers, which are among the highest-paying and fastest-growing occupations in the nation,” Alexis Martin, director of research and evaluation at the Level Playing Field Institute, and Frieda McAlear, a research associate, wrote in a blog on the Huffington Post.
LA Unified, however, is one school district being proactive about the issue. In October, the district announced a plan to offer computer science curriculum to all students in kindergarten through 12th grade as part of a partnership with Seattle-based nonprofit Code.org.
The program will be rolled out over the next three years, when Code.org will train teachers and provide curriculum, marketing material and workshops at no cost to the district. | <urn:uuid:e6092735-abc0-4eb0-a7bb-13fe27637c2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.laschoolreport.com/report-computer-science-unavailable-to-many-minority-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.949316 | 419 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The heart valves open and close passively because of pressure differences on either side of the valve. When pressure is greater behind the valve, the leaflets are blown open and the blood flows through the valve. However, when pressure is greater in front of the valve, the leaflets snap shut and blood flow is stopped.
- 1 How do heart valves open and close?
- 2 How do valves in the heart work?
- 3 How do you open a heart valve?
- 4 What causes mitral valve to open?
- 5 What valves are open during systole?
- 6 What causes the opening and closing of the heart valves quizlet?
- 7 In what order does the blood flow through the heart valves?
- 8 What is valve and its function?
- 9 Why are valves present in heart and veins?
- 10 Which is worse bypass surgery or valve replacement?
- 11 Can a heart valve be replaced without opening the chest?
- 12 What is the average age for heart valve replacement?
- 13 Is mitral valve bicuspid or tricuspid?
- 14 Is mitral valve same as bicuspid valve?
- 15 Where does blood go after mitral?
How do heart valves open and close?
When the two atrium chambers contract, the tricuspid and mitral valves open, which both allow blood to move to the ventricles. When the two ventricle chambers contract, they force the tricuspid and mitral valves to close as the pulmonary and aortic valves open.
How do valves in the heart work?
The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle.
How do you open a heart valve?
Doctors might treat a valve with a narrowed opening with a catheter procedure called a balloon valvuloplasty. A doctor inserts a catheter with a balloon on the tip into an artery in your arm or groin and guides it to the affected valve. The balloon is inflated, which expands the opening of the heart valve.
What causes mitral valve to open?
The normal mitral valve opens when the left ventricle relaxes (diastole) allowing blood from the left atrium to fill the decompressed left ventricle.
What valves are open during systole?
During systole, the two ventricles develop pressure and eject blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta. At this time the atrioventricular valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open.
What causes the opening and closing of the heart valves quizlet?
What causes heart valves to open or close? The opening and closing of the AV valves is dependent on pressure differences between the atria and ventricles. When atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure the AV valves are pushed open and blood flows into the ventricles.
In what order does the blood flow through the heart valves?
The blood first enters the right atrium. The blood then flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. When the heart beats, the ventricle pushes blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery.
What is valve and its function?
A valve is a device or natural object that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower pressure.
Why are valves present in heart and veins?
Answer: Valves present in the heart and veins prevent the backflow of blood, that is, flow of blood in the direction opposite to that in which it is flowing.
Which is worse bypass surgery or valve replacement?
Compared with all bypass operations, valve replacement had no effect on surgical mortality except in the group at highest risk. Conversely, valve replacement was associated with reduced late survival in all but those at highest risk.
Can a heart valve be replaced without opening the chest?
That is, until the arrival of the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ( TAVR ) procedure. Dominican Hospital now offers the groundbreaking TAVR procedure, which allows for heart valve replacement without opening a patient’s chest.
What is the average age for heart valve replacement?
Fact: Valve Replacement and Heart Bypass surgery (or a combination of the two) are the most common procedures in the “elderly.” Fact: More than 30% of the patients having heart valve surgery are over 70. Fact: More than 20% of heart valve surgical patients are over 75 years of age.
Is mitral valve bicuspid or tricuspid?
The two atrioventricular (AV) valves, the mitral valve (bicuspid valve) and the tricuspid valve, which are between the upper chambers (atria) and the lower chambers (ventricles). The two semilunar (SL) valves, the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve, which are in the arteries leaving the heart.
Is mitral valve same as bicuspid valve?
The mitral valve is also known as the bicuspid valve. This is one of the heart’s four valves that help prevent blood from flowing backward as it moves through the heart.
Where does blood go after mitral?
When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes and the aortic valve opens. This is so blood flows into the aorta and out to the rest of the body. | <urn:uuid:bb7c861c-6315-4ff1-9fe5-47d40f6a1b9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://applevisaservices.com/cities/faq-how-do-valves-open.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.912301 | 1,228 | 4.25 | 4 |
How Blockchain Secures Distributed Manufacturing for 3D Printing
Blockchain Security Software in 3D Printing
The new distributed ledger security measure is a first in the additive manufacturing space. Integrated with Link3D, the LINK3D Blockchain distributed ledger provides to 3D printing trusted middleware to stabilize the expanding additive manufacturing network. It secures CAD Modeling software, PLM, MES, ERP, 3D printer build processor and monitoring software for design engineers, 3D printer manufacturers, service bureaus and OEM facilities, among others.
With global spend on 3D printing expected to see a 22.3% five-year CAGR, and revenues reaching $28.9 billion in 2020 (IDC), securing operations is of increasing importance. Simplifying AM management, the Link3D solution promises file integration, IP integrity, real time data, supply chain tracking, file matching and authentication.
How Blockchain Impacts 3D Printing
The software provides beneficial solutions beyond imperative protecting data and IP security. It also increases quality control, for example. Ensuring repeatability, files being printed are cross checked with previous readings and measurements. And the more parts built using the Link3D Blockchain solution, the more data the module has to retrieve for production repeatability.
The Blockchain addition can also be used to track each design file origin and its evolution.
Validating ownership and authorship attribution, the Blockchain identifier is embedded in STL and OBJ files. This provides for designer accountability, “stamping” the file every time the file changes hands and affords designers credit for every new file printed. And with every design iteration thereafter, the software stamps the file with the owner designation. This demonstrates file ownership, design accountability and who is currently overseeing the file design.
Who needs Blockchain?
Invest in Blockchain to Certify Service Bureaus, Protect Facility Data
Cyber crime is projected to top $6 trillion by 2021, more than double the 2015 figure, with 31% of American organizations reporting cyber theft. And with piracy posing a growing issue in 3D printing, losses are projected to top more than $100 million in 2018.
Implementing blockchain not only protects your network from vulnerabilities, it certifies and validates build parts based on original parameters. It also ensures parts are produced with the correct production output to prevent other parties from reselling. In doing so, it ensures your IP is not being replicated for the blackmarket.
To prevent your additive manufacturing facility from becoming a statistic, it’s more important than ever to invest in your IP protection. Blockchain security fills this void, protecting your parts and machines and encrypting all your data from unauthorized access. Without holding the actual file (so it can’t be breached), blockchain retains a ‘fingerprint’ to uniquely identify the actual file for IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) storage or another cloud. This, and the fact blockchain is based on cryptographic and consensus based protocols, makes it an impenetrable cyber storage mechanisms to keep your data safe.
As a result, blockchain becomes an important solution for helping service bureaus prove their capabilities and fulfilment abilities when partnering with OEMs to produce mission critical parts.
Multiple Features Beneficial to Your Facility
The Blockchain module also protects 3D printing file data integrity, attribution, IP protection and traceability. From conception, R&D, prototyping, production and delivery, the Link3D Blockchain data strand spans the 3D printing process from start to finish. Providing additive manufacturing security, the module verifies retrievable transaction data generated throughout the workflow.
Blockchain For FIle Integrity & Traceability
In order for a proof of work system to work, several participating entities need to mine and support replication of blocks to achieve the benefits of Blockchain technology. An alternative system, using proof of stake, which we are working on utilizing some of the concepts discussed above can be utilized but is outside the scope of this paper. In a proof of stake system, participants can launch their own nodes and new block can be selected based on stake to mitigate consensus building.
The Blockchain module unifies the currently disjointed 3D Printing ecosystem for all industries with an end-to-end data trail. For example, if a facility needs to implement blockchain software similar to the Link3D module, it needs to communicate with its own blockchain network. But with the Digital Factory, the client just needs to turn it on.
“Validating the file and machine parameter metadata storage settings, Link3D's solution implements blockchain for 100% printing repeatability,” explains Singh. “Blockchain technology provides the backbone to unify the disjointed 3D printing ecosystem and provide an end-to-end data trail.”
If deployed effectively for additive manufacturing, blockchain is useful for supply chain traceability. When a part order is submitted to the correct internal facility, for example, blockchain can track supply chain traceability. This is because an effective blockchain solution will track and log who submitted part orders, when the internal facility received an order and the bid amount.
A robust blockchain ensures imperative information can be extracted, stored and linked to the correct part order. It will also store metadata generated during the printing process. These vary, of course, depending on the kind of machine sensors in place.
Blockchain for 3D Printing in Supply Chain
During the “How to be Blockchain Ready for 3D Printing” webinar, Vishal K. Singh, CTO of Link3D, filled in participants on the new feature. With it, service bureaus don’t have to run their own blockchain, rather, simply have to enable the module through their Digital Factory account. They can either implement it privately, on a public network or take a hybrid approach.
How Blockchain Works in 3D Printing
When an order is printed, the transaction metadata are stored on the Link3D Blockchain network. All this information is completely traceable, including who initially created the transaction through its evolution. Design engineers, for example, can use blockchain to store file hashes to attribute ownership and STL file integrity for CAD design, modeling and PLM software.
Blockchain Benefits to Your Supply Chain
Meanwhile, facility managers and service bureaus using build prep software, processor software and 3D printing hardware also need blockchain security. It’s also useful to supply chain and logistic representatives using various Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), tracking and accounting software.
Blockchain for Validation & Proof of Capability
Implementing Blockchain at Different Levels
Implementing blockchain for encryption takes on a number of different forms. The LINK3D Blockchain solution, for example, allows the end user to deploy their blockchain on a private network, a public network or a hybrid option.
The private solution is implemented on LINK3D’s own Ethereum Sawtooth distribution. The public option, meanwhile, is implemented on the standard Ethereum Network and charges the end user for each transaction. And lastly the Hybrid Blockchain option is enlisted on the Hyperledger Fabric, initiating the private network for internal transactions and the public network for external transactions.
With a total 2020 projected revenue of nearly $30 billion across the 3D printing space, losses in the same field are projected to top more than $100 million this year. Encrypting data is imperative to mass additive manufacturing adoption across the aerospace, defence, automotive and medical industries. With blockchain, your company can achieve 100% repeatable additive manufacturing. | <urn:uuid:df82ffa1-ff3a-49e4-828f-52a175b23972> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.co-am.com/blog-post/how-blockchain-secures-distributed-manufacturing-for-3d-printing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.899328 | 1,538 | 1.578125 | 2 |
- ITM TRADING, INC.
Slides and Links: https://www.itmtrading.com/blog/the-m…
The new decade begins with a BANG as the US sends in drones and kills Qasem Soleimani, a key Iranian military leader, after attacks against American civilian in Iraq. On this news, gold broke out to new seven-year highs, bonds, stocks and oil seemed to shrug off this geopolitical crisis. Perhaps the flood of central bank liquidity helped support these severely overvalued markets. Overnight, Iran’s revenge began by striking the two Iraqi bases from which the US drones that killed Soleimani emanated. But not wanting to unleash US military retaliation, no one was hurt by these actions.
Is this over? How much of the current market response is about complacency? If you look at the markets, including the oil market, you’d think so, but I’m not so sure. Ask yourself if you think this is done. Then ask yourself what is the most likely asset to protect your wealth if this is not over? If your wealth is held intangibly, it is at risk and not just because it’s nominal value could fall, but also because you could lose all access to it in a cyberattack. One reason physical gold has been money for 5,000 years is because it is indestructible. But central bankers know that if you don’t hold it, you don’t own it. Therefore, global central bankers have been accumulating and repatriating gold, the true safe-haven asset. | <urn:uuid:a05831ea-8e40-4c49-94f0-11bada37cf82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://socioecohistory.x10host.com/2020/01/10/what-happens-next-oil-gold-stocks-bondsby-lynette-zang/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.9601 | 339 | 1.617188 | 2 |
No simple task – the Executor
Caversham Bridge Newspaper – March 2022
The following article is in the Caversham Bridge newspaper – March 2022. Caversham Bridge Newspaper is available to purchase from Fourbears Bookshop and other outlets within Caversham. More details from The Caversham Bridge Website.
No simple task – the Executor
WE HOPE our articles on Estate Planning have helped you to better understand how to ensure your family and loved ones are protected when you are gone. This month the spotlight is on the Executor of your Will.
When writing a Will, you will state who you want to execute the Will on your death. The person or persons appointed are called the Executor(s). It is your choice who to appoint. It is often a spouse or child, either on their own, or with the help of a professional service, friend, or another family member.
An Executor must carry out certain tasks and duties to fulfil legally the obligations of executing the Will and your wishes within it. Depending on the size and complexity of your Will, there may be many tasks to carry out or to be organised with other family members. This can include:
- Obtaining a copy of the medical certificate and then registration of the death
- Ensure any last wishes such as organ or body donations are carried out
- Obtaining the Will of the Deceased
- Locate all the heirs and beneficiaries
- Value all assets and liabilities of the estate
- Open a separate executor bank account to deposit money collected
- Notify all businesses of the death, e.g. Utility Companies, Credit Card Companies, Banks, Council Tax Offices, Social Security etc
- Make sure that all the Deceased’s debts are settled
- If there are minor or dependent children, the Executor could be responsible for arranging their care and placement
- Calculate and declare the value of the estate to HMRC on an Inheritance Tax return
- Pay the Deceased’s Tax and any Inheritance Tax due
- Apply for Probate
- Distribute the contents of, and ensure distribution to any Trusts established within the Will
- Produce a full set of accounts for the Beneficiaries showing the estate assets and liabilities, administration income and expenses and how the estate has been distributed
And be aware, if the Executor forgets to settle a liability before distributing the assets, he or she will be personally liable for the debt.
Acting as an Executor is a tough job. You should consider careful who to appoint. It is a time-consuming task, which carries both personal and legal liability. It can be onerous at a distressing time for relatives and there is always the risk of divisions causing problems with beneficiaries.
You or I can achieve the obligations and tasks for an Executor. However, it is a big responsibility and can take up long hours and, let’s be honest, it is not a task that many get thanked for. This is especially so if there is the possibility of an unhappy family member not named in the Will or who has received less than they expected.
If you have someone in mind to be your Executor, discuss it with them. Make sure they understand what the role involves and discuss the option of involving a professional executor service to help and support them.
David Robinson is Director of Templar Estate Planning, a specialist Will Writing and Estate Planning provider based in the heart of Caversham within Church House. | <urn:uuid:c9eda117-de1c-4b5a-9272-ca2191f9c4b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.templarestateplanning.co.uk/no-simple-task-the-executor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.952744 | 721 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Music is something too easy what heard even while and too much too ask some dangerous things.
- And after listening to the music is from the risk of hearing loss is not good to the body. Especially good is music loud and long time between the headphones. It is headphones directly focuses on the ears, so use treble accessible to the ear. On the other hand, reach high sound from the speakers is ear distance because it has become somewhat weakened.
Nevertheless, because Eric heard loud no better keep your mind. Tinnitus is also warning signs of hearing loss.
Early that tinnitus happens often, tinnitus has been followed for a long time, let’s go to Otorhinolaryngology. When left untreated, can lose hearing terrible intact.
Sound of the headphones, lead causing it to hasten the ears become far future. More important the ear fun music. | <urn:uuid:4fe3459b-9c1d-4c1c-8357-7854c4a8e048> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://know-how.jp/209594/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.946506 | 190 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Best Platform for Online Pantry Shopping
Here at Good Earth, we offer you a selection of delightful and delicious products. From compotes and sweet spreads, ketchup and condiments, seasonings and spices, preserved vegetables and vegetable spreads, seasonings and spices, we’ve got you covered. Browse our quality collection and pick your favourites!
Compote is a kind of fruit spread made with whole fruit or chunks of fruit combined with sugar syrup. Whether compote or sweet spreads, tasty fruit spreads can add sweet or savoury flavour to different meals and snacks. It is slowly cooked to create its signature flavour. Compotes or sweet spreads are relatively similar, you can substitute one for another as it will not affect the taste.
Ketchup is a sauce, made chiefly from tomatoes and vinegar. Ketchup and Condiments are used to help enhance the flavour of the food it is added to. They also add moisture and visual appeal to the dish.
Vegetable spreads are a great way to preserve vegetables from the garden and enjoy the taste of summer when the cold weather arrives. It’s a combination of different vegetables such as roasted eggplants, roasted peppers, fresh tomato juice or paste, onions, and other vegetables.
Seasonings and Spices
A staple condiment for all kitchens! Seasoning and spices can dramatically improve or add a unique flavour to any dish and make it more interesting. | <urn:uuid:253124fa-e842-483e-9e32-3711ddc633c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.goodearthshop.co.uk/collections/pantry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.923127 | 288 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Our Gabriel & Co. Boutique Silver, Envy Bangles advertisement can now be seen in the December issues of Allure, Lucky, and Vogue Magazine.
In 1927 a watch-making company based on family tradition was started in Glashutte by one man. This company was called Tutima. The company was started by Dr. Ernst Kurtz. Dr. Kurtz started this company when he was 27 years old. Tutima is still in business today and are a very renowned watch-making company.
In 1927 Dr. Ernst Kurtz created the first wristwatch in Glashutte at the age of 27. The top quality line of these watches were called Tutima. Tutima is a Latin word meaning “secure, protected.” Glashutte was considered the “watch city” since 1845. In 1941, the development of UROFA-UFAG became a milestone in the company’s history. This was the legendary two-button Pilot’s Chronograph. The Pilot’s Chronograph has a rich history and future for Tutima.
At the end of the war in 1945 the watch industry in Glashutte was in ruins. However, this did not stop Dr. Kurtz. Dr. Kurtz continued production of his watches in Memmelsdorf. Dr. Kurtz moved to Ganderkesee in 1951 and continued production of Tutima watches there. For distribution of the watches, Tutima Uhren was created. Tutima, a tradition-rich company, worked in Lower Saxony uninterrupted for many years.
After 66 years Tutima has returned to Glashutte. In May of 2011 Tutima returned to where they got started by opening a new factory in Glashutte. With the return of Tutima to Glashutte, they created the Tutima Hommage Minute Repeater. This watch paid homage to company founder Dr. Kurtz. The first minute repeater took more than 3 years to complete and consisted of more than 550 individual components.
In 2013 Tutima has presented four new watches to their collection. They are the Saxon One, Grand Flieger, M2, and the Patria. These new watches follow the concept Tutima has used for over 70 years. They are technical, sporty timekeepers with instrumental character. Many watch connoisseurs are very excited about Tutima being back home where they were first started, and they cannot wait to see what they come out with next.
If you are looking for watches like the ones made by Tutima, visit Midtown Jewelers today. The professionals at Midtown Jewelers can help you find the perfect watch for you or a loved one. The people at Midtown Jewelers Have a great deal of knowledge about jewelry and they can even appraise your items as well as buy them. Visit Midtown today and find the watch that you have always wanted.
If you are like most people, you more than likely have some jewelry that you don’t wear. If so ,most of it probably just sits around collecting dust. Don’t let your jewelry just sit around! If you never plan to wear it, you should sell it. Selling your jewelry is a great way to clear space and make a little extra cash. If you are not sure where to sell your jewelry, the best place to start is a jewelry store.
Why Is a Jewelry Store the Best Place?
- Jewelry stores are more likely to know the value of your jewelry
- Most jewelry stores do appraisals
- They can offer you more than a pawn shop
- They may not offer as much as you may be able to get off an auction site, but they can pay you instantly — there is no waiting for the right buyer
- Working with people that understand what you are trying to sell and that know the market value makes selling easier and helps you understand more about the pieces you have in your collection
- Jewelry stores care about each piece you bring them and know what each are worth
Now, you just need to find a jewelry store that buys jewelry. This is an easy job if you have ever heard of Midtown Jewelers. Midtown Jewelers has been in business since 1982 serving the Fairfax County & Washington, D.C. metro area. Midtown will pay fair price for your unwanted diamonds, estate jewelry, and other jewelry you no longer want. Midtown bases the value of your jewelry on different market variables such as demand, price of gold or silver, and quality of the piece. Midtown have consistently offered higher prices than others because they cater to all different clientele, not just one type. Midtown also never pressures you into selling your jewelry because they understand how meaningful some pieces are to people, whether it be a family heirloom or just something that is special to you.
So if you have unwanted jewelry, call Midtown Jewelers today. Midtown has been in business since 1982 and has the experience to help you complete your transactions to your satisfaction. The jewelers at Midtown can tell you what your jewelry is worth based on the market and they will even buy it from you if you are wanting to sell it. So call Midtown today and make some extra cash on your old jewelry that is just sitting around collecting dust.
December 16th – December 23nd
Monday – Saturday
10am – 8pm
Sundays (Starting Dec. 8th)
11am – 4pm
Christmas Eve December 24th
9am – 5pm
*Closed December 25th/30th/31st & January 1st, 2014* | <urn:uuid:bdc87b46-c585-45bc-a928-f345adc23f11> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://midtownjewelersinc.com/blog/2013/12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.972664 | 1,164 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Author: Peter J.Sander
- Trading books are a form of accounting ledger that contains records of all tradeable financial assets of a bank.
- Trading books are subject to gains and losses that affect the financial institution directly.
- Losses in a bank’s trading book can have a cascading effect on the global economy, such as those that occurred during the 2008 financial crisis.
Sale Page : amazon.com
This product is available
From the Back Cover
Proven investing principles applied to today’s markets
Value stocks like businesses and survive market ups and downs
Want to follow in Warren Buffett’s investing footsteps? This plain-English guide explains what value investing is and how to incorporate it into your overall strategy. You’ll see how to value stocks, decide when the price is right, and make your move. You’ll also understand how to invest in jittery markets and detect hidden agendas in financial reports.
Discover how to:
Understand financial statements
Assess a company’s value
Incorporate fundamentals and intangibles
Make the most of funds, REITs, and ETFs
Develop your owninvesting style
About the Author
Peter J. Sander is a professional author, researcher, and investor living in Granite Bay, California. His 15 personal finance and location reference book titles include The 250 Personal Finance Questions Everybody Should Ask, Everything Personal Finance, and the Frommer’s Cities Ranked & Rated series. He has developed over 150 columns for MarketWatch and TheStreet.com. His education includes an MBA from Indiana University, he has completed Certified Financial Planner (CFP) education and testing requirements, and his experience includes 20 years as a marketing program manager for a Fortune 50 technology firm and over 40 years of active investing.
Get: Peter J.Sander – Value Investing for Dummies | <urn:uuid:d87fa77f-2d07-43cc-95f6-6c3d6d7004ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trustpicourse.com/product/peter-j-sander-value-investing-for-dummies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.905373 | 392 | 2.609375 | 3 |
"We are a kind and caring family of curious and thoughtful learners"
A grade 6-12 school, our educational philosophy is based upon the growth of kindness, curiosity, and critical thinking; traits necessary for achievement in higher education, the professional world, and one's personal life.
Ninety-minute periods, an average class size of 23, and a group of dedicated teachers that creates a learning environment which motivates and challenges our students. We offer an accelerated regents program that provides students the opportunity to complete all required regents exams by the completion of sophomore year. Many of our students complete Advanced Regents diplomas, college now programs, and examinations that prepares them for a college education upon graduation.
90% Student Attendance
As a family oriented environment, students are motivated to attend school and are prepared for academic instruction on a daily basis. All students are expected to wear their full school uniform daily.
95% Graduation Rate
Teachers and administration provide tremendous academic support towards students achievement well beyond the average school day, hence surpassing the 74.3% citywide average graduation rate.
90% JHS Regents Success
8th grade students are prepared and offered the opportunity to take 3 High School regents exams as part of the accelerated program (Living Environment, Algebra, U.S. History). | <urn:uuid:31db075c-0a13-4e33-bf97-0733aa4fe255> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.enyfamilyacademy.org/our_school | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.949281 | 283 | 1.8125 | 2 |
High-Performance Waterborne Coatings for Roofing
By Eric Bennung, Acrymax Technologies Inc.
Roof coatings have evolved dramatically over the past 100-plus years.
The following formulation was listed in The Tinsmith’s Helper and Pattern book by H.K. Vosburgh from the late 1800s as a good remedy “to stop a leaky roof”: “25 lbs. yellow ochre, 1 lb. litharge, 6 lbs. black lead, 1 lb. fine salt; boil well in oil. Soak strips of cloth in the above and paste over the seams. Good where solder is not practicable.”
Note the litharge (red lead), the black lead and the fact that it is recommended to be boiled well in oil. The mixture undoubtedly would solve the leak, but today we would cringe at the thought of the environmental and safety concerns.
This formulation would not be what we would think of as a roof coating in the modern sense, but it and other similar concoctions were the forerunners to the modern liquid-applied products that we now utilize to repair and revitalize roofs.
In the late 1970s, the game-changing technology of waterborne 100-percent acrylic elastomeric polymers was introduced to the roofing market by the Rohm and Haas Company. To understand the evolution of this development, we need to step back as, until this point, the fluid-applied roofing market was dominated by bituminous and solvent-based rubber coatings.
In the early 1950s, the roof coating market took a major leap forward with the introduction of polymers as the foundation for formulations. The shortage of natural rubber associated with World War II led to an explosion in the development of synthetic polymers. Some of these polymers—initially neoprene and then chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSPE)—found their way into new coatings for roofing, revolutionizing the fluid-applied roofing market. They were flexible, fully conformable coatings that allowed for previously unattainable roofing solutions, but they did have their drawbacks: low solids and, most importantly, high solvent content.
Application of a solventborne neoprene coating on a plywood roof in the 1950s. Black and gray were the only colors available.
In 1970, the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and passage of the Clean Air Act created federal government programs aimed at meeting public demand for improved air quality. One of the main contributors to air quality issues are volatile organic compounds. They react with nitrogen oxides to create smog and ground-level ozone. In 1966, when Rule 66, the Californian predecessor to the Clean Air Act of 1970, was issued by the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District (APCD), it was estimated that more than half of the area’s solvent emissions were attributable to the application of architectural coatings.
This era of environmental consciousness ushered in a transition away from solvent-based coatings. However, the early waterborne roof coatings severely lagged in performance when compared to their solvent-based counterparts. They were essentially thinned-down, heavily-plasticized acrylic caulking formulations that had a range of problems from embrittlement to severe dirt pickup as they aged. The new regulatory requirements forced innovation within the waterborne realm and eventually led to new water-based coatings that equaled or outperformed their solvent-based predecessors. VOC reductions from 500-plus grams per liter (g/L) to under 100 g/L were achieved. While the main aim was compliance with the law through VOC reduction, additional benefits were also attained: higher solids and easier application.
Completed while the VOC laws were being phased in during the 1980s, a reflective roof coating application on the Chicago Bulk Mail Center highlights the improvements waterborne coatings were offering. This project involved roughly 500,000 square feet of roofing surface and was completed with a solvent-based CSPE rubber coating. To complete this project, 7,500 gallons of the rubber coating were required—of which 5,625 gallons were highly volatile solvent. Conversely, if the project had been completed with the relatively new acrylic waterborne technology, then it would have required only 3,750 gallons of acrylic coating to achieve the same dry film thickness, and less than 200 gallons of that would be VOC.
The reductions in VOC emissions earned the coatings industry praise not only for its compliance (that was mandatory), but also its willingness to take to heart the spirit of the regulatory laws. In a 1968 review of their Rule 66, the LA County APCD commended the National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association for its active participation in the program’s creation.
Coatings manufacturers continue to do their part to improve their products for both better performance and lower environmental impact. The national EPA limit for roof coatings is 250 g/L, while California—the original driver of the clean air laws from late 20th century—has pushed VOC limits to less than 50 g/L. One important note: Compliance with the 250 g/L limit, or even the lower 50 g/L limit, does not necessarily mean that the coating is waterborne, nor does it mean it is low-odor. There are many solventborne coatings in use today that achieve compliance but still have noxious odors and safety concerns. These products fail to offer a user-friendly experience.
Spray application of a waterborne 100-percent-acrylic elastomeric roof coating.
The push toward waterborne coatings had other major benefits, but none more evident than ease of application. They offer excellent functionality and are non-hazardous, making them safe and easy to apply. There are no harsh odors or solvent exposure for workers to contend with, leading to more pleasant and safer working conditions. With roofing, the devil is in the details, and while any fluid-applied roofing system lends itself to addressing details well, applicators working with waterborne coatings are more willing to work closely with the products, especially at penetrations and other critical roofing junctures.
Over the past three-and-a-half decades, waterborne roof coatings have become an industry norm, and within the waterborne coatings category, there is certainly a subset that attain a high-performance level. But what sets them apart?
The answer is: It depends on the purpose of the roof coating. Goals for a roof coating project can range from waterproofing and leak prevention to more aesthetic concerns such as color and gloss retention. There generally is not a silver-bullet coating that will solve all aspects of your roofing project. Most successful coatings projects center around the idea of combining different sets of materials, each with its own purpose, to create an overall system that has functional layers to achieve the overall goals of the project. Roof coating manufacturers design specific primers, reinforcement, flashing compounds, intermediate coats and topcoats for this very purpose.
Flexibility and Long-Term Performance
One of the most crucial characteristics needed for high performance is flexibility. The world is a dynamic place—temperatures on roofs can fluctuate from well below freezing to in excess of 180 degrees Fahrenheit, not to mention thermal shock when a summer thunderstorm rolls across an area, dropping 50- or 60-degree water on a roof surface that has been baking under the late afternoon sun. The tremendous stress that the dramatic and rapid temperature change causes will test the durability of even the best systems.
Low-temperature flexibility is tied to a property of the polymer within the coating called the glass transition temperature, or Tg. This is the temperature at which a polymer ceases to be flexible but instead would shatter brittlely like glass. With most high-performance roof coatings, Tg is desired to be very low (-15 F or lower). This ensures that the roof coating will not crack or fail when subjected to stresses at low temperatures.
Long-term flexibility is also tied to the polymer within the coating. Most high-performance waterborne roof coatings are based on polymers that are internally plasticized, meaning that the flexibility is inherently built into the backbone of the polymer. As such, they retain their flexibility as the coating ages.
One of the exceptional benefits of well-designed roof coating systems with high-performance coatings is their end-of-life consideration. When the time comes, a simple recoat can extend the system, but only if the coating retains its basic physical properties, including flexibility.
Historic metal roofs at Fort McHenry in Baltimore were recovered using an elastomeric acrylic coating system formulated with recycled content.
The Bakes Athletic Center at Ursinus College in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, represents an excellent case study on the recoatability and life-cycle extension of a high-performance waterborne coating system. Originally installed in the early 1980s, the fully reinforced waterborne acrylic coating system is still going strong today. The 100-percent acrylic coatings used there have retained their flexibility and have allowed for periodic maintenance coatings to extend the life of the roof. Thirty years after the original application, this coating system is providing effective, waterproof protection and has proven to be very cost effective.
SPECIALIZATION OF WATERBORNE ROOF COATINGS
One-hundred-percent acrylic elastomerics are known for their weatherability, dirt pickup resistance and high solar reflectivity. The 100-percent acrylic is an important distinction when specifying a high-performance coating. Acrylic blends with other polymers, such as vinyl, styrene and other less expensive polymers, are often used to lower costs. While they can bring certain benefits to the coating—styrene can assist in providing improved alkali resistance for coating concrete, for instance, making styrene/acrylic copolymer paints popular for masonry wall applications—the sacrifices made in flexibility, long-term durability and other key roofing properties are dramatic.
Although currently withdrawn at the time this article is was written, ASTM D-6083 Standard Specification for Liquid Applied Acrylic Coating Used in Roofing offers a minimum set of properties desired for an acrylic roof coating to meet. And while benchmarks are good at helping separate the commodity-type products from those that attain agreed-upon performance standards, they don’t do a good job at providing a grading of the higher-performing roof coatings available on the market. For example, D-6083 calls out a minimum of 100 percent elongation and 200 psi, but there are top-of-the-line acrylic roof coatings with elongation of greater than 400 percent and tensile strength in excess of 600 psi. These ultra-high-performance waterborne acrylics should not be but are often lumped into the same classification.
Waterborne roof coatings offer reflective benefits capable of saving building and home owners in cooling costs.
The roofing market presents a wide range of substrates for application—from asphalt to thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) to metal, each with its own set of challenges. On asphalt, one of the concerns was bleed-through of the underlying asphaltic oils though the applied coating. On TPO, the concern was the low surface energy of the TPO substrate leading to lack of adhesion by the coating. These were both solved by modifications to the polymers utilized in the coating.
Waterborne coatings for metal had to overcome not only a technology hurdle, but also a long-standing perception regarding corrosion. In the scientific community, we are taught from a young age that water on metal will create corrosion; remove the water, you’ll remove the electrolytic pathway for electron transfer, and the corrosion will cease. So how on earth would you apply a waterborne coating to metal? Well, provided they are manufactured with flash-rust inhibitors, waterborne coatings for metal roofing are an ideal choice. These flash-rust inhibitors will temporarily passivate the metal while the water evaporates, and in some situations, contribute further to the corrosion resistance of the coating as well.
Ponding water, while undesirable for many reasons, is nearly impossible to completely eliminate from every roof surface. Under ponding water conditions, waterborne coatings absorb water, swell and eventually delaminate from the roof surface. For years, this was one of the major drawbacks of waterborne coatings. Recent advancements in acrylic polymer technology allow for a reduction in water swelling experienced under ponding conditions and have helped move the needle toward a ponding-water-resistant waterborne coating.
Weather conditions are another major challenge in roofing. While solventborne coatings may have some forgiveness when compared to waterborne, rain, heavy dew and low temperatures can cause major issues ranging from wash-off to poor curing no matter the type of coating applied. While not a universal solution, quick-setting technology has allowed waterborne coating to develop rain resistance in as little as 20 minutes after application. This has allowed for the expansion of waterborne coatings in markets such as the tropics, where rainfall can be unpredictable.
HYBRIDS FOR PERFORMANCE
Hybridization can be done to value-engineer a product, reducing cost with the consequence of sacrificing performance. However, performance-driven hybrids—with waterborne field-applied acrylic-modified fluoropolymers at the forefront of this push—are currently at the leading edge of the high-performance roof coating market. Polyvinylidene fluoropolymers (PVDFs) have been used in roofing for 50-plus years. They are known for their exceptional durability and robust color retention due to the carbon-fluorine bond that makes up the backbone of their molecular structure. The C-F bond is the third strongest bond in all of organic chemistry.
Originally coated in the 1980s, the Bakes Athletic Center roof is still going strong three decades later.
PVDF coatings are traditionally baked-on finishes that need temperatures in the 450-degree range to properly cure. However, by hybridizing the PVDFs with acrylic resins, these new waterborne versions do not require these high temperatures. They can be applied at ambient conditions, allowing for field applications. Depending on the level and method of hybridization, various results can be achieved. If a more flexible acrylic resin is used, then the resulting coating could be used as topcoat over an elastomeric acrylic system for increased durability, dirt pick-up resistance and long-term solar reflectivity. If a harder acrylic resin is used, then the resulting coating would be more apt for the restoration of an aged metal roof that had a PVDF coating on it from 30 years ago that is showing its age.
Additional benefits beyond field-applied came with this new waterborne fluoropolymer advancement. Waterborne PVDF coatings manufactured with bright organic color, particularly in the red family, have been seen to show better color retention than their factory-applied baked-on counterparts. It is believed that the high bake temperature of the factory process negatively impacts some organic pigments’ chemical structure and, as a result, reduces their colorfastness. Additionally, the lower-temperature cure has opened the ability to apply PVDF coatings to substrates other than metal. Today, waterborne PVDF coatings are being used as topcoats to roof coating systems for a wide range of surfaces.
In the coming years, we can only expect waterborne roof coatings to develop further. Hybridization of polymers such as acrylic, urethanes and silicones are on the horizon, and specialty additives will drive performance higher in specific areas such as ponded water resistance, color retention and adhesion. A new wave of environmental consciousness is requesting greener technologies, and coatings manufacturers are meeting that demand with the use of recycled content and bio-based ingredients within their coatings.
As an engineer, I am truly excited to be an active member of the waterborne coatings field as we look forward to the next surge in technologic advancement of waterborne coatings.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Eric Bennung is a product development engineer and vice president with Acrymax Technologies Inc., a third-generation protective coatings firm with over 65 years of experience in formulating and manufacturing flexible protective coatings. An honors graduate with distinction of University of Delaware’s rigorous chemical engineering program in 2009, Bennung has been engineering both coatings and coating systems with Acrymax for close to 10 years. This includes work not only for Acrymax on its commercial and industrial pursuits but also historic preservation projects though Acrymax’s sister company Preservation Products Inc. Bennung was honored by the Journal of Protective Coatings and Linings as part of its spotlight on the next generation of coating professionals in 2015. He is a member of the Philadelphia Society for Coatings Technology (PSCT), the Delaware Valley Green Building Council (DBGBC) and SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings. He currently is serving as president of the PSCT. | <urn:uuid:afbf7aa9-6318-4d4c-ae8f-839f288cee1a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.paintsquare.com/news/view/?18122 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.949019 | 3,561 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Mechelen is not only famous for its carillon bells and its whisky infused beer. The city is also worth a visit for everyone who is interested in its rich history from the Burgundian times to its unfortunate role in the Second World War.
The Burgundian Renaissance marked the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of modern times. It was an immensely creative period in Flemish history, full of prosperity and fast and radical changes. During that time, Mechelen was the capital of the Burgundian Netherlands.
Nowadays, Mechelen is still marked by those Burgundian times and most of its architectural heritage can be admired by strolling through the city center. If you want to explore Mechelen’s Burgundian highlights in a more organized ways, a booklet comprising several loops of different lengths, as well as interesting anecdotes, is available for 3,50 EUR at the city’s tourism office Visit Mechelen (Vleeshouwersstraat 6). Small tip: even if you don’t want to buy anything, the tourism office is still worth a visit since it’s located in one of Flanders’ oldest town halls, the Schepenhuis.
Hof van Busleyden
The recently reopened museum Hof van Busleyden is located in a remarkable Renaissance palace in Mechelen and features various exhibitions about the city’s Burgundian past and the ideas of famous figures such as Margaret of Austria, Thomas More, and Erasmus. Moreover, the museum’s interactive display aims at providing a meeting place in which ideas about the past, the present, and the future can be exchanged just in the way they were communicated during Burgundian times. Rooms are designed in very interesting ways, for example displaying Margaret of Austria’s famous choir book while playing actual 16th century polyphonic music. Standing in different corners of this room, you can listen to the different voices (bass, soprano, tenor, etc.).
Where? Frederik de Merodestraat 65
When? Mon, Tue, Fri, Sat, Sun: 10 a.m. – 5 p.m.; Thu: 10 a.m. – 10 p.m.
Prices? 5 – 11 euros
8 historical churches
Mechelen also hosts eight historical churches that are all in walking distance and free to visit. Many of them have been restored in all their glory.
- Begijnhofkerk: 17th Century baroque church, UNESCO heritage, hosting an intact collection of paintings
- Sint-Janskerk: Gothic church with Baroque interior, hosting an important collection of art including Rubens’s famous baroque triptych ‘the adoration of the three wise men’ (closed on Wednesdays)
- Sint-Katelijnekerk: 14th Century gothic church with wooden barrel vaulted (closed on Wednesdays)
- Sint-Romboutskathedraal: Gothic and Mechelen’s largest church. The inside is breathtaking, including artwork by Van Dyck and a stunning altar designed by Lucas Faydherbe.
- Sint-Pieter-En-Paulkeerk: Baroque church, richly decorated interior (closed on Wednesdays)
- Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Van Hanswijkbasiliek: One of the few basilicas in Belgium. Baroque with dome, labyrinth, and treasure chamber, designed by Lucas Faydherbe
- Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Over-De-Dijlekerk: Gothic church with modern stained-glass windows and hosting another triptych by Rubens entitled ‘the miraculous draught of fishes’ (closed on Wednesdays)
- Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Van Leliëndaalkerk: 17th Century baroque church, architect: Lucas Fadherbe. The gatehouse right next to the church has been transformed into the Brasserie De Margriet which terrace is a quiet (slightly expensive) spot in the middle of Mechelen’s busy shopping street de Bruul.
The Winter Garden of the Ursuline nuns lies a 20 minutes car ride outside of Mechelen. However, it is worth being included into this list. The garden has a morning and an evening side, and it features a stunning colorful stained-glass cupola. Visit Mechelen press consultant Veerle Lenaerts said, “The garden is truly an amazing place and my number one tip for Mechelen. The architect of the building is unknown, which makes the place undiscovered and very unique.”
Where? Bosstraat 9, 2861 Sint-Katelijne-Waver
When? March-October: every Sunday at 2.30 p.m.; November-March: every third Sunday of the month
Prices? 10 euros
World War II and Human Rights
World War II was a dark chapter in Mechelen’s history. The city was very important to Germany, mainly due to its central location and train connection. Between 1942 and 1944, the Nazis used the Dossin barracks as a Sammellager (transit camp) for the deportation of 26,000 Jews, Roma, and Sinti to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Only five percent of the deported survived.
Facing the former barracks, a new museum was built called Kazerne Dossin. The museum tells stories of discrimination and mass-violence, as well as of hope and resistance: “We pause to think about past and present human rights violations.” What is remarkable about Kazerne Dossin is its online image bank which includes many portraits of deportees from the Kazerne. The images can also be seen on the portrait wall in the museum.
Where? Goswin de Stassartstraat 153
When? Mon, Tue, Thu, Fri (Sat, Sun): 9:30 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Prices? 4 – 16 euros
The National Memorial of Breendonk is one of the best conserved concentration camps in Europe. A 20 minutes car ride from Mechelen away, the fortress is still worth a visit. Belgian journalism student Maïthé Chini, “It’s very good that they turned the fort into a museum instead of ignoring its horrible past. I went there with school when I was younger, and it really helped to transform something we had only an abstract idea of into something you can see. The torture chamber is terrible, but it makes everything that happened very real.”
Fort Breendonk serves multiple purposes. It is a place of remembrance, a symbol, and an educational and cultural centre, a place of openness and encounter, supporting all those who have fought for freedom. As such, it also serves the cause to defend and respect human rights.
Where? Brandstraat 57, 2830 Willebroek
When? daily 9.30 a.m. – 5.30 p.m. (last admittance: 4.30 p.m.)
Prices? 8 – 11 euros | <urn:uuid:1f795e4e-0f1e-4d53-adab-f4ef3fdd721c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brussels-express.eu/burgundian-mechelen-from-rubens-and-van-dyck-to-the-horrors-of-the-holocaust/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.932236 | 1,540 | 1.859375 | 2 |
U-M seeks to make Shakespeare, others available online
A partnership is making the texts of the first printed editions of William Shakespeare, Geoffrey Chaucer, John Milton and other early English books available online.
The University of Michigan Library, the University of Oxford's Bodleian Libraries and ProQuest have made public more than 25,000 manually transcribed texts from 1473 to 1700. These include more than 5,600 from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
The release marks the completion of the first phase in the Early English Books Online-Text Creation Partnership. An anticipated 40,000 additional texts are planned for release into the public domain by the end of the decade under the partnership. | <urn:uuid:9acf9e5b-8544-4ec6-a858-3571c7f8362e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.freep.com/story/entertainment/arts/2015/01/29/english-books-online/22525299/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.913538 | 140 | 2.265625 | 2 |
You probably have gone through or planning for any oral surgery like teeth removal and so you have a couple of questions going in your mind. The very first question is when can I start eating after tooth extraction.
Most of us, our either foodies or having an addiction to drinking or smoking. In this article, I am going to share complete information that will surely answer all your related questions going in mind.
- When can I eat after tooth extraction
- What to eat and drink after tooth extraction
- What not to eat after tooth extraction
The Process of Tooth Extraction
1. Depending on the type of extraction whether it is a simple extraction or a surgical extraction, the dentist will first use anesthesia to numb your mouth. Once you start feeling numbness extraction of the tooth will start.
2.The dentist or oral surgeon first enlarges the socket before removing it from the ligament and then from the socket.
3. You won’t be feeling pain because of anesthesia, but if you feel then do not hesitate to tell to the dentist. After extraction, the socket will be open and the dentist starts the recovery work by putting gauze to stop the bleeding and closing the space.
4. Once everything is completed, you won’t be feeling any pain and there would be swelling for which a dentist will give you an ice pack. Now depending on the type of surgery and anesthesia, your dentist will also answer your question that when can I start Eating after Tooth Extraction.
When can I start Eating after Tooth Extraction?
Taking care of teeth and following dentist instructions after a tooth extraction is as important as wisdom or teeth removal.
Depending on your surgery and the type of anesthesia dose given to you it may take up to 30 days to recover your teeth from pain and swelling. During this, there are different phases that will give you an idea of what to eat and what to not.
For the first 24 to 48 hours you should avoid eating and can have liquid food like soups, yogurt, and cereals.
If I talk about eating then numbness in your mouth may take up to 5 hours and during this, you don’t have to eat or drink. Once numbness is gone you can start with liquid food and then with soft foods.
What to Eat After Tooth Extraction
As discussed above that you should avoid eating and drinking for at least 24 hours. After 24 to 48 hours you can start taking liquids like applesauce, yogurt, and cereal.
I know that varieties of foods are going in your mind that you want to eat but you want to confirm first.
I am making it easier and dividing these food types into different phases. I will also try to cover all the food here on the list..
Phase 1:- From Day 1 to Day 2
Now from day 1 to day 3, you should avoid solid food as much as you can, as operated jaw and gums may bleed. These foods are easy to chew and also contain vitamins, fiber, energy, and protein.
Day 1:- Food you can take
Keep in mind that try chewing and having all these foods from the opposite side of extracted teeth.
Day 2:- Food you can take
- Blended soups
- Ice-cream (Plain with no crunchy chips)
- Mashed bananas
Phase 2:- From day 3 to 10
Day 3 to 10:- Food you can take (Make sure they are warm and not too hot)
- Mashed Potatoes
- Mashed sweet potatoes
- Scrambled Eggs
- Cottage Cheese
You can also start brushing and flossing teeth, but keep in mind gently and avoid the extraction part.
Phase 3:- From day 11 to day 15
So far I assume the extraction part will be in a good recovery stage and a clot will be formed on it. So now depending on the recovery, I would recommend that you should go for a visit now to your dentist.
Let the dentist analyze your recovery and consult him whether you can have solid food now or not.
Try avoiding very solid foods for another few days and meanwhile you can continue all the diets of phases 1 and 2. You can have semi-solid foods like pancakes and soft fruits.
What not to Eat after Tooth Extraction?
You cannot miss this part as this is also important to know what to avoid and not eat during these days after wisdom teeth removal.
What to Avoid after Tooth Extraction
There are a couple of things you need to strictly avoid after tooth extraction. Check the list below.
- Avoid straw
- Do not eat from the extraction site.
- Forget smoking and drinking
- Avoid solid foods
- Don’t drink hot liquids
- If you rinse your mouth, then try very gently.
What not to eat after tooth extraction
Probably you may not like this but you are not allowed to eat this below stuff at least for 15 days.
- Solid fruits
- Spicy Foods
- Crunchy and Crumbly food, seeds, and grains
How can I make my Tooth Extraction Heal Faster?
Though above instructions on When can I start Eating after Tooth Extraction? And what to eat and what to not will surely help you to heal from tooth extraction faster.
But still, there are a few more tips and remedies that can be a booster for recovery.
- Apply Ice:- Applying ice on the treated area is the best remedy to quickly heal the tooth extraction. Apply ice gently to your mouth for 15 minutes at least twice a day.
- Be easy at home:- During the recovery time avoid all physical activities, rest as much as you can.
- Follow your dentist Instructions:- Do all that your dentist has prescribed and suggested like eating antibiotics at the time.
- Avoid Solid Foods:- Avoid solid foods at least for 15 days.
- Brush Gently and keep your mouth clean:- After 2 days you can resume brushing your teeth. Rinse your mouth with a mixture of warm water with 1 teaspoon of salt.
Frequently Asked Questions
What to drink after Tooth Extraction?
Milk, non-acidic juice, and Gatorade will be the best option to drink. Along with this, you can also take protein and milkshakes. Avoid alcohol and a hot drink.
Can I eat bread after tooth extraction?
NO, you need to avoid stuff like bread, muffins, toast, sandwiches, for at least 10 to 15 days. I guess for most of the people asking when can I start Eating after Tooth Extraction is because they want to eat bread stuffs.
How long after wisdom teeth removal can I eat normally?
You can start taking liquid foods like yogurt and applesauce immediately but for the normal foods like solid foods wait at least 15 days.
After choosing the right dentist for the tooth extraction it is also important that we choose the right food to eat and food not to eat.
So far I have given detailed information on When can I start Eating after Tooth Extraction, what to eat and what not to eat. So I am very sure that you love your teeth and will not try to harm the extracted part.
Still, if you have any doubts or questions do let me know in the comment box and I will try to answer you as soon as I can. | <urn:uuid:37ef731b-e75c-4ea0-8415-a833b34f4989> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dentistamity.com/when-can-i-start-eating-after-tooth-extraction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.951391 | 1,568 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Significant questions remain unanswered about how Scottish immigration policy will work after the independence referendum – irrespective of the outcome of the vote, the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford said today.
In a new commentary, Bordering on Confusion, the Migration Observatory, provides detailed analysis of the differences between the migration profiles of Scotland and the rest of the UK, showing that England in particular has a much faster growing population with a considerably larger proportion of migrants than Scotland, and also that Scotland’s population may not grow without immigration – unlike the rest of the UK.
But while these differences have led to calls for a Scotland-specific immigration policy, to use high-skilled migration to help encourage population growth, this could bring challenging trade-offs.
In particular, if immigration policies that are very different to those in the rest of the UK are introduced in Scotland – such as joining the EU’s Schengen free travel area or introducing policies to encourage greater non-EU immigration – there may be calls from the rest of the UK for Anglo-Scottish passport controls.
The commentary precedes the official launch of the Migration Observatory’s Scotland project on Wednesday (Sept 18th), part of the Economic and Social Research Council’s (ESRC) Future of the UK and Scotland activities to inform the referendum debate.
It also considers regionally specific migration policies in other countries, such as Canada – at present the only concession to Scotland’s differing immigration situation is a Scotland specific ‘shortage occupation list’.
Canada’s policy provides evidence that it is possible to introduce visa requirements that specify that a migrant can only work in a particular area, for some years after their arrival. This sort of policy is not dependent on a “no” vote for independence, as it might apply to an independent Scotland within a common travel area with the UK and Ireland. However, it raises implementation and enforcement challenges and is dependent on coordination with neighbouring countries.
Dr Scott Blinder, acting director of the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford, said: “Scotland and the rest of the UK share a border, so any policies that are introduced by an independent Scotland have the potential to affect other parts of the UK, which may have ramifications for Scotland.
“There are ways to move away from a ‘one-size-fits-all’ immigration policy, and Canada provides one example of that, but these policies bring their own challenges with implementation and enforcement. Whether this sort of approach would be feasible in the UK, or palatable to governments on either side of the border is, as yet, impossible to say.” | <urn:uuid:8ae12020-20a0-4173-ae24-5a39ecb82a7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/press/immigration-independence-and-differences-with-neighbours/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.933332 | 542 | 2.0625 | 2 |
It will not appear like a large part of one’s process nevertheless we need to focus on conveyor rollers mainly because these easy but successful tools are generally an important and sometimes overlooked part of the manufacturing method. Whenever it’s time your individual conveyor process got an overhaul and / or glitches within the set up line process are slowing you down, this can be the alteration you need to make that small but effective margin gain.
There are a number of points to think about when considering which kind of cutting edge conveyor rollers to take. Here we examine several of the things you’ll need to keep in mind prior to you making your final choice. You can find numerous belt conveyor manufacturers Uk internet pages throughout the Uk, if you are looking for more information or alternatively purchase prices this great site is the best place to start www.conveyorrollers.co.uk
Conveyor rollers – load up range
Your primary concern when purchasing newer roller conveyors is usually to select them in accordance with the load type they will be transferring. For instance, if you’d like rollers to deal with heavier flat-bottom goods such as storage containers or just drums, then you need rollers that has a gravity function.
Material makes a difference when it comes to the appropriate conveyer rollers
Depending on your own weight requirements and weight of goods, you can make an informed judgment about what material you need your rollers to be. Large-scale and heavy-duty manufacturing rollers are produced utilising aluminium or steel. Each one comes along with its very own added benefits which we have detailed below:
Aluminium rollers These are rollers which are sturdy yet light-weight and are usually well suited for quick and simple setting up. They can also operate at a faster rate, moving goods and merchandise around at a increased speed for more effective output.
Steel rollers If you require an even more heavy-duty roller, then steel is the material of choice. They’re very hard-wearing rollers that will deal with big loads over long stretches but are typically more pricey.
Conveyor roller dimension and drive | <urn:uuid:95cfd4af-3f69-424e-9b89-9a0c061a86be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.spabusinessassociation.co.uk/conveyor-rollers-what-you-need-to-fully-understand/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.941831 | 442 | 1.515625 | 2 |
PlayTalkRead has launched a list of ‘must do’s’ for 0-3 year olds to encourage mums and dads to have fun with their tots from day one. From jumping in puddles and bursting bubbles to pulling silly faces in the mirror and feeding the ducks in the park, it’s a big list of simple fun for little ones across the country to get under their belt before the early years are over.
The Scottish Government’s 30 Things to do Before You’re 3 is the ultimate children’s checklist including everything from singing incy wincy spider to getting squishy with play dough. Supporting the PlayTalkRead campaign, the list champions the early years (0-3 years) as a golden opportunity for mums and dads to play, talk and read with their kids more often and give them the best start in life.
Evidence has shown that during the first three years of a child’s life 75% of brain growth is complete and an estimated 50% of our language is in place. So mum and dads should dive in now and start ticking off their tot’s list of unmissable PlayTalkRead experiences while they still have the chance!
The full 30 Things to do Before You’re 3 list is available to download from the PlayTalkRead website here, along with a number of new interactive games for parents and their little ones. | <urn:uuid:40e32c8a-3f5f-45d4-9d26-7483fd65acdc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stripecommunications.com/2012/09/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.95625 | 292 | 2 | 2 |
Information for Parents
Who we are:
We are Eat Culture - Nottingham Catering, the largest school meals provider in Nottingham City. We provide 11,000 healthy meals per day from scratch using fresh ingredients, cooked by professional chefs.
We also provide breakfast clubs, morning breaks and packed lunches for trips and functions.
We are proud of the freshly prepared food we serve to Nottingham children. Our Food for Life Silver accreditation means that:
Our food is sourced locally
Our meat is Red Tractor assured, meaning it’s traceable, safe and produced locally
Our fish is certified by the Marine Stewardship Council
We use quality ingredients from reliable sources
We offer healthy, nutritious, balanced meals which are low in fat, sugar and salt.
Some of our schools have achieved the Food for Life Gold accreditation.
We also offer bespoke menus for children with dietary requirements (allergies, Halal, vegetarian).
Our menus operate on a three-week cycle and provide up to three choices per day. They change twice per year to reflect seasonal variations.
A fruit salad is available every day as a choice of dessert to encourage healthier choices. We work with schools to provide a bespoke service, listening to feedback and changing menu items where requested.
Why should your child have a school meal?
When your child has a school meal provided by Nottingham Catering, you can rest assured they are eating a nutritious meal, cooked from scratch, which will fill them up for the rest of the school day. We work with individual school and pupils to create menus that are both popular and also that meet the School Food Standards.
Did you know?
We can provide your child with a packed lunch rather than a hot meal
Meals are free for children in reception and Key Stage 1 (years 1 and 2)
Free School Meals
There are two grant funding schemes that enable children to receive a healthy and nutritious school meal free of charge:
Universal Infant Free School Meals (UIFSM)
All children in Reception and Key Stage 1 (years 1 and 2) at state-funded schools in England are eligible for free school meals, as part of the national Universal Free Infant School Meals scheme.
There are no qualifying criteria and it is open to all children in these year groups. Funding ends when your child moves into Key Stage 2, years 3 - 6 in primary school.
Free School Meals & Pupil Premium (FSM)
Some children will be eligible to receive free meals in both Key Stage 1 and also Key Stage 2, if parents are in receipt of certain benefits. You can find out about the criteria and how to apply on Nottingham City Council’s website.
Parent should check with your school office to check if your child is eligible, as there are additional educational based benefits that can also help your child achieve their full potential at school. This is called Pupil Premium and generally will apply where you child qualifies for FSM.
For each year your child is at Primary school, there is additional grant funding paid directly to the school to support your child in their education, enabling them to achieve their best.
There is no cost to you as the parent/guardian but applying for Free School Meals is a great way of supporting both your child and their school, so please check and apply if you are eligible.
Questions or Comments?
If your child is not currently having school meals and you are interested in finding out more, please feel free to contact us via the form below or speak with your school office, who will be able to give you more information.
Additionally, if your child is already having our school meals and you have a question or comment for us, please do get in touch with us via our contact form. | <urn:uuid:162c28e0-fbb3-494b-97a0-a9723386cdae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eatculture.co.uk/parents | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.964227 | 800 | 1.671875 | 2 |
There are many things that make Scotland the great country that it is, and part of its identity is its Scotch whisky.
In its early rebel root days, illegal whisky distillers evaded the long arm of the English taxman. Since then it has become a global enterprise worth billions of pounds. In 2016, food and drink exports from Scotland grew by £421 million to a record £5.5 billion. Whereas Scotch whisky exports rose to £153 million, up four percent, to over £4 billion in the same time, reports Scotland Food and Drink.
With 98 active malt distilleries in Scotland, each with its own distinct character, whisky is a spirit that continues to be enjoyed around the world. Yet, concerns are growing about the authenticity of rare Scotch for true whisky fans.
In order to eliminate the risk of fraudulent substitutions, digital tech company arc-net has teamed up with the remote Highland Ardnamurchan Distillery. The distillery has achieved a world first by placing a limited edition whisky on arc-net’s blockchain platform. The partnership aims to revolutionise Scotch whisky exports and maintain the integrity of the industry from counterfeits and fraud.
By using the blockchain, whisky connoisseurs can follow each bottle’s unique story from the distillery to the supplier network to the customer through the scanning of a unique QR code.
Alex Bruce, managing director of Adelphi, which owns and operates the Ardnamurchan Distillery, said that the platform is integral to capturing and sharing production, process and product data to their customers.
“In addition to a growing number of countries, globally, recognising Scotch Whisky’s Geographical Indication (GI), we also believe it to be essential that the consumer is able to understand the craftsmanship of making it, and for the producer to ensure the security of their route to market,” Bruce added.
For Adelphi, the adoption of arc-net’s platform eliminates legacy record keeping systems, delivering transparent information that improves operational efficiency.
Sean Crossey, associate digital marketing analyst at arc-net, said to CoinJournal that the partnership with Adelphi brings them one step closer to achieving their company mission: ensuring the wellbeing of current and future generations by providing access to safe and authentic products. He added:
“This project brings huge innovations to the spirit and whisky industry. It brings massive implications for provenance, authenticity, accountability, traceability, security, stock control, and more. By connecting their product from the barley field to the bottle, Adelphi and the Ardnamurchan Distillery now can greatly improve their company story-telling, marking a breakthrough in their marketing activity.”
arc-net recently joined forces with PwC in the Netherlands to combat global food fraud using the blockchain. | <urn:uuid:92861991-c52c-403a-a4d8-82bdf5a81af2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coinjournal.net/news/scottish-distillery-uses-blockchain-technology-fight-counterfeit-whisky/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.931768 | 581 | 2.15625 | 2 |
BREAK DOWN WALLS
Within the scope of the project, the students of our department are counseling children in elementary school living in Kayışdağı district. They help children in their lessons to support their school education. Thanks to the project, the childrens, on one hand, perceive college siblings and elder brothers as role models and on the other hand they acquire new skills through activities such as painting, music, English and basketball. Throughout the project, our students are witnessing both the teaching profession's ability to "break down walls" and gain a more sensitive view of their environment and experience in volunteering.
7th to 77th INTERMEDIATE SOLIDARITY PROJECT
Within the scope of the project, the students of our department are visiting the elderly people living in Kayışdağı Darülaceze, which is located in the vicinity of Yeditepe University. With this project, the 4th grade students perform within the scope of the graduation project. They visit elderly people at different times of the day and spend time all day long. | <urn:uuid:5a0ba145-fd94-498d-a3a0-d7454fdd785a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iletisimfakultesi.yeditepe.edu.tr/en/public-relations-and-publicity/graduation-project-instruction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.969304 | 219 | 1.984375 | 2 |
by Marcia Wendorf, May 15, 2019 in InterestingEngineering
Between 1300 and 1850, the Earth experienced a Little Ice Age whose cause to this day is not known.
During the period 950 CE to 1250 CE, the earth experienced an unusually warm period, which became known as the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) or the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. At their height, temperatures during that period were similar to those experienced during earth’s mid-20th-century warming period.
Following the Medieval Warm Period came a period of intense cold, which has become known as the Little Ice Age (LIA). The term “Little Ice Age” was coined by Dutch-born American geologist F.E. Matthes in 1939. The LIA began around 1300 CE and lasted until about 1850 CE.
Within that stretch, NASA’s Earth Observatory has described three particularly cold periods: one around 1650, a second around 1770, and the third around 1850. | <urn:uuid:ba3970f9-d138-47e9-8928-654f12703aab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://apreat.ovh/the-little-ice-age-what-happened-around-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.97803 | 206 | 3.484375 | 3 |
With an eye toward buying its first astronaut taxi services by 2017, NASA on Aug. 8 unveiled details about a safety certification process that will be conducted in parallel with the industry-led development of new crewed space transportation systems.
Under more than $1 billion Space Act Agreements awarded Aug. 3, Boeing Space Exploration, Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) and Sierra Nevada Space Systems are developing crew transportation systems designed to carry astronauts to the international space station. These development efforts will be almost entirely guided by industry, with input from NASA. In parallel with the design phase, however, NASA plans to conduct a government-run safety certification process under separate agreements it calls Certification Products Contracts, or CPCs….
A synopsis of the CPC solicitation is due out this month, with a formal request for proposals to follow in September, Mango said at the Aug. 8 forum at Kennedy. Five days after it releases the formal request, NASA will hold another industry day for companies interested in proposing. Awards for these contracts, which will not exceed $10 million, are expected in February, Mango said. NASA expects to make two to four awards under the first phase of CPC. The three companies that just won commercial crew Space Act Agreements do not automatically qualify for a CPC award, Mango said.
Read the full story. | <urn:uuid:93e7418e-ba9c-4471-aba3-ac82629305a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.parabolicarc.com/2012/08/09/nasa-outlines-commercial-crew-vehicle-certification-process/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.934158 | 268 | 2.125 | 2 |
Photo: still shot from video essay
By Millie Huang
This video essay by Millie Huang was created for CLST 143, “Great Books of Ancient Greece and Rome.” It is a response to a class project asking for a presentation-style analysis of any work of classical scholarship. The central topic of the essay is a passage titled “Theoclymenus’s Prophecy” in book 20 of the Odyssey, which has been purported to describe a total solar eclipse since antiquity. This essay links together imagery, music, and textual evidence to discuss what the modern astronomical paper written by Constantino Baikouzis and Marcelo Magnasco has to contribute to the conversation—and more broadly, the traditional techniques of dating Homeric epic.
What you are looking at now is a partial solar eclipse captured by Nikolaus Doukas, on the Greek Island of Ithaca. The series of videos are dated to March 20, 2015.
I will pose the question: what did the sky look like on this small Greek island in the Ionian Sea more than 3000 years ago? What did the characters in Homeric epic see as they gazed up towards the vast expanse of space?
We don’t merely have to imagine the answer to these questions – modern astronomical tools can use patterns in the movement of the planets and stars to turn back time, giving us a window into the night sky of millennia ago.
This was the work of scholars Constantino Baikouzis and Marcelo Magnasco in an article about the night sky of Homer’s Odyssey. So, in this video, I will take you through a journey of the sky as Odysseus might have observed it, linking textual evidence in the Odyssey to modern astronomical clues. Just a side-bar here – I’m sure you can tell that the Odyssey is my favourite classical text.
The path we take will ultimately answer the central thesis question – does the Odyssey describe a real-life total solar eclipse? And if so, can we pinpoint a date when it occurred? Baikouzis and Magnasco answer this with a resounding yes, arriving at a specific date and two beautiful images of what Odysseus might have seen the year he returned home.
Background on the Source and Authors
Before we begin, let me give you some background on the article.
It was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The Journal’s mission is simple: to publish high-quality original research that advances our understanding of science – biological, physical, and social. It’s targeted to both scholars and the general public, receiving over 15 million-page views per month.
The specific article I will review was published in volume 105, issue 26 on July 1, 2008. It was a collaboration between Constantino Baikouzis and Marcelo Magnasco.
Magnasco is a physicist and professor at the Laboratory of Mathematical Physics in the Rockefeller University of New York. He is best known for his work in mathematical modeling of biological systems. Baikouzis is from the National University of La Plata – a principal educational institution in Argentina with an Astronomical Observatory located in Baseo del Bosque. While Baikouzis was a visiting scholar at Rockefeller, he and Magnasco would embark on a partnership to chart the night sky of the Odyssey.
Let us begin with the first premise of the article – a passage titled “Theoklymenos’s Prophecy” in book 20. As the suitors are enjoying their afternoon meal, Theoklymenos makes a chilling prediction about their deaths and entrance into the underworld:
“And full of ghosts is the porch and full the court, of ghosts that hasten down to Erebus beneath the darkness, and the sun has perished out of heaven and an evil mist hovers over all.”
As we know, Theoklymenos’s prediction comes true that day. After the bow contest which only Odysseus wins in book 21, the victorious Odysseus and Telemachus slaughter the suitors, inflicting them with eternal night.
So, what are the other premises of this article?
The first comes from the history and historiography of Homeric Epics. There are many classical estimates of the fall of Troy, which are shown here.
Classical: The classical estimates for the date of the fall of Troy are (in years B.C.E.): 1135 (Ephorus), 1172 (Solsibus), 1184 (Eratosthenes), 1193 (Plato), 1208 (Parian chronicles) 1212 (Dicaearchus), 1250 (Herodotus) and 1333 (Douris);
The authors used these dates to set a time period of 1250–1115 B.C.E. for locating the eclipse.
Moreover, the authors used the chronology of the Odyssey itself, from literary analysis that has taken every one of its events to build a timeline of about 20 days and 20 nights – beginning with the Council of the Gods in book 1 all the way to the end of the epic after the suitors are slain.
Homer’s Chronology and Literary Evidence
So, let us get into the astronomical events described by Homer during these days. In conjunction to Theoclymenus’s prophecy, Baikouzis and Magnasco use 3 other major astronomical references scattered throughout the text. These are arranged in chronological order – with Day 0 being the day of the bow contest. Events preceding this are assigned negative numbers.
These events are as follows:
1. Day -34: Homer describes the trip of Hermes westward to Calypso’s island and return to Olympus. From this, the authors presumed that the planet Mercury, connected to the messenger god since classical times, was high at dawn and near the western end of its trajectory.
Straightway he bound beneath his feet his beautiful sandals, immortal, golden, which were wont to bear him over the waters of the sea and over the boundless land swift as the blasts of the wind.
2. Day -29: Odysseus departs from Calypso’s island on a raft. As he lies down and looks up at the sky, constellations Pleiades (Pleh-eh-deez) and Bootes are both present
Gladly then did goodly Odysseus spread his sail to the breeze; and he sat and guided his raft skilfully with the steering-oar, nor did sleep fall upon his eyelids, as he watched the Pleiads, and late-setting Bootes, and the Bear, which men also call the Wain, which ever circles where it is and watches Orion, and alone has no part in the baths of Ocean.
3. Day -5: The Phaenecians are sending Odysseus back home to Ithaca in a ship. On this day, Homer describes the planet Venus, the brightest planet, rising around 90 minutes before sunrise.
Now when that brightest of stars rose which ever comes to herald the light of early Dawn, even then the seafaring ship drew near to the island.
4. And finally, on Day 0 of the bow contest: Homer foretells a new moon in Book 14 — New Moon Days are the only possible days where the moon’s trajectory may fully block the sun.
In the course of this self-same day, Odysseus shall come hither, as the old moon wanes, and the new appears. He shall return, and take vengeance on all those who here dishonor his wife and his glorious son.
As these four celestial events very rarely occur within the same timeframe, the researchers used them to search for a period around the fall of Troy that would fit the pattern.
All the calculations were done with the commercial software, Starry Night Pro. It implements many of the standard calculations required to estimate the position of celestial bodies in historical periods, namely:
(1) the precession of Earth’s axis
(2) the motion of the stars
(3) accurate orbital parameters for planets and moons, and lastly,
(4) the tides on Earth.
The authors listed all 1684 New Moons in the range 1250–1115 B.C.E; and then assigned a variable to each as Ti. Afterwards, they applied constraints using the 3 other factors as described above – they required on Ti -34 Mercury be far to the west, on Ti -29 the constellations be seen as described, that on Ti -5 Venus be high before Dawn.
This table shows their results – the rows represent potential dates, and the columns represent the 4 distinct events. The cells are color coded according to the extent of which they satisfy the criteria — with orange meaning fully satisfied.
Now, we arrive at the central conclusion – only a single date in the 135-year span is orange across every column. The 16th of April 1178 (11 hundred 78) B.C.E. Baikouzis and Magnasco used this conclusion to construct two extraordinary images:
The first is a map of the solar eclipse as seen from the Ionian Islands at 12:02 p.m. local time. Note the trajectory of the sun and moon intersecting at the middle, with Pleiades “crowning” the concealed sun above.
The second is a model of the sky on the 18 of March that year which would have been the day that Odysseus set sail from Calypso’s island. It depicts the sky at nautical twilight (7:38 p.m.), showing Pleiades, Bootes, and Ursa Major as described by Homer.
Ultimately, their conclusion could potentially help historians date the fall of Troy and the events of the Iliad and Odyssey.
Relationship to Class Discussion: The Historical Basis of Oral Tradition
In what ways does this article relate to the study of classical texts?
For this, we can draw on a concept we discussed earlier this semester – the history, historiography, and verifiability of ancient oral tradition. Namely, whether Homer’s epics can be connected to specific characters and events in history.
These poems were shaped and reshaped over a period of 500 years through the oral tradition of diverse communities around the Aegean before they were written down. We have spent a lot of time in class discussing how these poems were told during public events like banquets, by bards that may have adapted the stories to their own sensibilities and that of the audience. Moreover, traditional dating of the Odyssey builds on an extensive body of work, that dates back to historians like Herodotus and mathematician Eratosthenes – all of whom retrospectively describe the events of the Trojan War and prescribe dates using their own methodologies for studying history. However, it is hard to come up with a specific date due to the variety in these sources.
So, where does the work of Baikouzis and Magnasco fit into this? Both authors are notably not from traditional classical backgrounds. However, they build on centuries of literary tradition and fuse it with a mathematical approach, giving us a truly unique and empirical perspective on the Homeric sky. However, they stress that their results are purely hypothetical for two reasons:
The first is scientific – the Homeric period predates the first verified eclipse records by 4 centuries. Thus, we must extrapolate very far back in the past with mathematical models, which are not always accurate.
The second is – how do we know that Homer’s passages actually describe real astronomical references, and are not just artistic metaphors from a bard hundreds of years afterwards? We may not know the answer to this question for a long time.
Nevertheless, as the authors state: if you are willing to accept these passages as describing reality. then the four events – The New Moon, Venus’s rise, the appearance of constellations Pleiades and Bootes, and Mercury’s Westward Journey all coalesce into one central date for the eclipse of the Odyssey – the 16th of April 1178 (11 hundred 78) B.C.E.
Final Remarks: The Value of Stargazing
To conclude our starry journey for today, I have described a 2008 astronomy article from Baikouzis and Magnasco in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Within it, they describe their research linking key passages in the Odyssey to real astronomical events, using their chronology in the text to pinpoint a specific date for the climax – Odysseus’s triumphant victory and the demise of the suitors.
It is a wonderful example of how two seemingly unconnected domains, classical studies and modem astronomical physics, can come together to study Homer’s epics, stories that are foundational in the western world.
Thus, I urge you: when you’re in a place from which you see the stars, to gaze up at the night sky. Perhaps you might see Venus, visible with the naked eye as the brightest planet in the sweeping darkness. Perhaps, you might spot Pleiades, a group of 800 stars located in the constellation of Taurus, almost 400 light years away from the earth. Or, you might spot Mercury, the smallest planet visible to us without a telescope – appearing in the western sky about an hour after the setting of the Sun.
No matter where you are and what you see – I hope this presentation convinces you that the sky you look upon is largely the same as the one humanity observed in the Bronze Age around 1200 B.C.E. As you look upwards at the countless flaming balls of gas millions of light-years away, imagine yourself to be Odysseus, floating on a lonely raft in the middle of the Aegean sea.
Baikouzis, Constantino, and Marcelo O. Magnasco. “Is an Eclipse Described in the Odyssey?” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 105, no. 26, July 2008, pp. 8823–28. DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.1073/pnas.0803317105 .
Millie Huang (College ’22) is a student at the University of Pennsylvania studying Neuroscience and Classical Studies. | <urn:uuid:68adbd94-b058-4b67-a829-301f9eb7a8aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://web.sas.upenn.edu/discentes/2021/02/11/eclipse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.932247 | 3,084 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Bamboo sheets good for people who drool
Why are bamboo sheets bad?
While the fibers that end up as “bamboo fabric” are man-made filaments. The process of turning hard bamboo into a soft fabric generally requires extensive processing with hazardous chemicals, including sulfuric acid, which can endanger factory workers and pollute the environment.
Why are my bamboo sheets pilling?
Will bamboo skins pill? … Pilling is caused by too much heat and wear from friction and harsh chemicals. If you use harsh detergents, put them in the washing machine with a rougher fabric, and toss and turn on the bed excessively, your sheets will start to fluff.
What are the disadvantages of bamboo fabric?
Disadvantages of bamboo fabric The chemicals used to process the fabric are harmful to human health and the environment. Fabric Shrinkage: Bamboo fabric tends to shrink faster compared to cotton. Expensive: Natural bamboo fabric is usually more expensive than the rayon type or even cotton.
Do bamboo sheets smell?
Polyester is a material that often has this problem, as are rayon and microfibre. On the other hand, bamboo sheets can have an odor due to the chemicals used to process the fabric. … The long shipping process and time in storage can cause them to have an unpleasant odor.
Are bamboo sheets good for sensitive skin?
Bamboo sheets are considered a good option for those with sensitive skin because they are both breathable and absorbent, says board-certified dermatologist at MDCS Dermatology Dr. Marisa Garshick. “Since they help absorb excess moisture, they can help reduce irritation that can be related to sweating,” she says.
Do bamboo sheets make you itchy?
Unlike cotton sheets, which trap moisture and create the perfect environment for bacteria to grow, bamboo sheets wick moisture away from your skin, keeping your sheets fresh and hygienic. Less bacteria means fewer skin flare-ups. Bed bugs and dust mites are other culprits that can also cause skin irritation or itchy skin.
Are bamboo sheets as good as silk?
Lasuens Bamboo sheets are cooler, softer and easier to maintain than silk sheets. Bamboo Sheets are softer and cooler. … Bamboo leaves are more durable. Bamboo sheets are hypoallergenic.
What are the benefits of bamboo sheets?
The benefits of bamboo leaves
- Temperature regulation. If you tend to sleep warm, bamboo sheets may be a godsend. …
- Sustainable. Thanks to the naturally long fibers of the bamboo plant, the plates are very durable. …
- Softness. …
- Hypoallergenic. …
- Stain resistant. …
- Counting thread. …
- Breathability. …
Are bamboo sheets worth the money?
When it comes to softness, the battle seems like a draw, but when all other factors come into play, bamboo skins are the clear winner. From the cooling factor to the health and sanitary benefits to the longevity, you definitely get your money’s worth from these sheets!
Can bamboo sheets go in the dryer?
Line dry your bamboo bedding if possible to maintain fiber, color and elasticity. If you must use a dryer, choose a low heat and low wash cycle. Once the dryer is ready, avoid creases by taking them out immediately. A big advantage of bamboo sheets is that they can drape very well.
What kind of sheets do 5 star hotels use?
Speaking of heavenly cocoons, those silky yet crisp sheets you slip into in luxury hotels tend to clock in at around 300 thread count. They are always cotton (especially Egyptian cotton) as they are the most breathable and help you stay cool, so steer clear of cheaper microfibers.
What are the pros and cons of bamboo sheets?
|Sustainable||Some fabrics are prone to wrinkling|
|Breathable||Typically requires more water and pesticides for cultivation|
|Moisture-wicking||Can shrink something|
|Easy to clean|
Do bamboo sheets stain easily?
Bamboo sheets are durable, durable and strong. However, the nature of the bamboo fibers means that they are also very soft and can become vulnerable to stains from products, lotions and natural body secretions.
Are bamboo sheets better than microfiber?
High quality bamboo sheets will blow you away at how silky and soft they are. They also feel much cooler than microfiber. … The texture of bamboo sheets should have a smoother, silky sheen than microfibre which is often brushed and thus has a more matte appearance.
How much do bamboo sheets cost?
The typical price for bamboo sheets can vary, with plenty of quality options in the $100 to $150 price range. | <urn:uuid:b3f21c34-3545-4f3e-b399-434c8ece2607> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bambooproducts.xyz/bamboo-sheets-good-for-people-who-drool-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.931356 | 1,020 | 2.015625 | 2 |
“Peer support services work because we instill hope.” That’s the message from Olga Wuerz, an army veteran and certified peer specialist, during a congressional briefing held today by the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA).
Echoing that message, DBSA president Allen Doederlein shared that by instilling hope through positive self-disclosure, peer support specialists can influence the path to recovery and wellness for individuals living with a mental health condition. Doederlein further stated that utilizing this evidence-based practice as a component of mental health care has been proven to achieve better outcomes, while at the same time lowering mental health care delivery costs.
Panelist Larry Davidson, Professor of Psychiatry at the Yale University School of Medicine and Director of the Program for Recovery and Community Health, has developed
extensive research on the role of peer services. He shared that modeling recovery for others not only connects people—who might otherwise not have received it—to care, but just as importantly supports better engagement in that care. According to Davidson, “Increased hope results in decreased depression and substance abuse and an increase in the ability for people to manage their own lives. With the support of peer specialists, people are able to move from passive hopelessness to active self-determination.”
Addressing the workforce shortage
Much has been written about the provider shortage, including on CFYM. Ron Manderscheid, Executive Director of the National Association of County Behavioral Health and Developmental Disability Directors, informed the audience that as more people become enrolled in health care, rural areas are experiencing a workforce crisis. Eighty-seven percent of U.S. counties have inadequate or no mental health services.
One solution to the challenge, according to Manderscheid, is to more broadly incorporate peer support services. While there is a shortage of providers, there is no shortage of individuals living in wellness and recovery. Tapping into this wealth of resources should be considered. In fact, Manderscheid sees the day fast approaching when 25% of the behavioral health workforce will be peer support specialists. Making these services a reimbursable expense in both Medicaid and Medicare programs is a place to start. “Currently peer support services are a Medicaid reimbursable expense in 37 states, so we have a ways to go,” stated Manderscheid.
Peer specialists are a critical part of the services delivered by Magellan Healthcare, according to Tom Lane, Senior Director of Consumer and Recovery Services. “However, making certain that our staff has been appropriately trained is important,” Mr. Lane said.
Peer support services differ from the significant assistance offered by mutual support groups. Lisa Goodale, DBSA Peer Support Services Vice President, explained that peer support services are delivered by individuals who have been trained and certified through their states or healthcare systems (for example, the Department of Veterans Affairs). According to Goodale, these are services that require not only the lived experience of recovery from mental health conditions, but a solid grounding in peer support techniques and skills. Some of those skills include supporting others in regaining a sense of hope, problem-solving, effective listening, communication skills, and workplace ethics. Certification also requires peer specialists to demonstrate their competency through successful completion of a written exam following training and to maintain certification through continuing education, as is the case for other healthcare providers. Unlike peer support services, these training qualifications are not required for leading a mutual support group.
Let’s Make it Happen
“Until she heard my story, a VA participant volunteered that she had no hope,” Wuerz revealed. “Today, she participates in her own self-directed treatment plan at the VA hospital.”
Those remarks are just one testament to the value of peer support services. So how do we make sure that this evidence-based solution is available? DBSA made three policy recommendations to the audience. Advocate for
- Medicaid reimbursement for peer support services in all 50 states, not only the current 37
- Inclusion of peer support services as an Affordable Care Act (ACA) essential health benefit
- Expansion of current Veterans Affairs programs to increase the number and location of peer support services offered
CFYM will keep you aware of advocacy efforts at the national, state, and local level and provide you with concrete steps you can take when appropriate. In the meantime subscribe to the DBSA advocacy platform to learn more.
- In what ways have peer support services assisted with your mental health recovery?
- If you are a peer support specialist, how do you think peer support services can become more accessible to people living with mood disorders?
- What role do you envision peer support services having in the mental health care system? | <urn:uuid:0f35008c-0a90-43b8-a341-18c0c132006a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://careforyourmind.org/congressional-briefing-informs-on-the-value-of-peer-support-services/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.955932 | 980 | 2.015625 | 2 |
An external relay is required because the motor is enclosed in an oil-vapor-rich environment. If an internal relay were used, any arcing that might occur as the contacts open or close could cause the oil vapor to ignite - not good, and potentially very dangerous.
The main purpose of this starting relay is to bring in an additional electrical circuit, giving the motor the extra torque it requires to start. This additional electrical circuit can be the addition of a motor's start winding, the addition of a start capacitor, or the addition of both the start winding and a start capacitor.
Several types of starting relays are used to assist in the starting of single-phase compressors. These include the current relay, potential relay, and PTC (positive temperature coefficient) relay. Each performs the same function but in a different manner.
Three Types Of RelaysA current relayuses the high-inrush current drawn by a motor when starting to energize the coil of a relay and bring in the additional starting circuit. The coil of this relay is wired in series with the run winding to sense that initial inrush of current.
The contacts of this relay are normally open and are wired in series with the starting circuit. As the motor attempts to start, the contact point closes and brings in the starting circuit. Once the motor starts, the contact's points open, removing the starting circuit from the motor.
A potential relay uses the induced voltage created across the start winding to energize the coil of the relay. The coil of this relay is wired in parallel with the motor's start winding. The coil is energized when the induced voltage across the start winding reaches its designed value, commonly referred to as its pickup voltage.
When the coil is energized, it causes a normally closed set of contacts to open, taking the starting components out of the circuit. This set of contacts remains open as the motor operates; they close again when the motor shuts down.
A PTC relay uses a positive temperature coefficient thermistor to remove the starting components from the circuit. The circuit is wired so that the PTC thermistor is in series with the starting components. When the motor starts, current flows through both the thermistor and the starting components. As current flows through the thermistor, the thermistor quickly heats up and its resistance quickly increases to a point where it is so high, it will essentially re-move the starting components from the circuit. By this time, the motor will have started.
Once used, a PTC relay must be allowed to cool down before it can be used again. There must be at least a several-minute delay between stopping and restarting a motor, in order to give the PTC relay time to cool down.
Joe Marchese is owner of Coldtronics, Pittsburgh. He can be reached at 412-734-4433, www.coldtronics.com, or [email protected].
Publication date: 04/05/2004 | <urn:uuid:439e1162-b3f3-4f8a-842b-94c450af0dd4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.achrnews.com/articles/91479-hvacr-motor-starting-relays | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.939931 | 613 | 3.6875 | 4 |
What is Kubernetes?
What is Kubernetes used for?
Why use Kubernetes and containers?
What Kubernetes does
Key Kubernetes trends for 2020
Kubernetes terms, defined: Operators, secrets, kubectl, Minikube, and more
Kubernetes classes and books
Kubernetes security: What you need to know
7 best practices for building applications for containers and Kubernetes
Kubernetes resources: Learn more
“Kubernetes, or k8s (k, 8 characters, s… get it?), or ‘kube’ if you’re into brevity, is an open source platform that automates Linux container operations. It eliminates many of the manual processes involved in deploying and scaling containerized applications,” Haff and Henry write. “In other words, you can cluster together groups of hosts running Linux containers, and Kubernetes helps you easily and efficiently manage those clusters.”
Here’s how Dan Kohn, executive director of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF), in a podcast with Gordon Haff, explained it: “Containerization is this trend that’s taking over the world to allow people to run all kinds of different applications in a variety of different environments. When they do that, they need an orchestration solution in order to keep track of all of those containers and schedule them and orchestrate them. Kubernetes is an increasingly popular way to do that.”
The most recent version of Kubernetes, 1.19, was released in August 2020. (This frequently-updated project has had releases on about a quarterly basis recently.)
[ How can automation free up more staff time for innovation? Get the free eBook: Managing IT with Automation. ]
Containers appeal to organizations for a broad range of workloads. But provisioning and operationalizing containers at scale, often in concert with microservices, is not for weekend enthusiasts. Especially for stateful apps (such as databases), it requires planning, and most experts say an orchestration tool is a must. That’s where Kubernetes comes in.
Containers, in concert with Kubernetes, are helping enterprises better manage workloads and reduce risks. In organizations using DevOps practices – including short development sprints, experimentation, and iteration – containers can be key to the evolution of processes, and to an organization’s increasing usage of cloud infrastructure and microservices.
“Once organizations understand the benefits of containers and Kubernetes for DevOps, application development, and delivery, it opens up so many possibilities, from modernizing traditional applications, to hybrid- and multi-cloud implementations and the development of new, cloud-native applications with speed and agility,” says Ashesh Badani, SVP and general manager for cloud platforms at Red Hat.
Want a plain English way to explain what this looks like? This one’s pretty great: You can use a lunchbox analogy, notes Mike Kail, CTO and cofounder at CYBRIC: “Let’s say an application environment is your old-school lunchbox. The contents of the lunchbox were all assembled well before putting them into the lunchbox [but] there was no isolation between any of those contents. The Kubernetes system provides a lunchbox that allows for just-in-time expansion of the contents (scaling) and full isolation between every unique item in the lunchbox and the ability to remove any item without affecting any of the other contents (immutability).”
[ Why does Kubernetes matter to IT leaders? Learn more about Red Hat's point of view. ]
Maybe you’re trying to help people in your organization understand why Kubernetes – and orchestration tools in general – are necessary in the first place.
Kubernetes lets you schedule and run containers on clusters of physical or virtual machines, while automating many operational tasks. In other words, Kubernetes helps enterprises tap into the potential of containers in day-to-day work, in automated fashion. It also helps with load balancing and ensuring high-availability environments.
Many organizations find the Kubernetes platform becomes essential when you start deploying containers in significant numbers, especially in production environments.
Thus the many marketplace statistical signals indicating growing adoption. “As more and more organizations continue to expand on their usage of containerized software, Kubernetes will increasingly become the de facto deployment and orchestration target moving forward,” says Josh Komoroske, senior DevOps engineer at StackRox.
When making a case for Kubernetes, you can pitch orchestration as a means of effectively managing containers (and, increasingly, containerized microservices) and Kubernetes as the right platform for doing so. It boils down to this: Using orchestration enables greater automation, repeatability, and definability within your environment, while reducing a potentially crushing burden of manual work throughout the continer lifecycle and application lifecycle, especially as your container adoption grows and as you work with multiple cloud providers.
"Kubernetes is one of those rare technologies that appeals to developers, operations teams, and lines of business. It’s a win-win-win situation that offers benefits to all constituents in terms of productivity, collaboration, and meeting the needs of customers,” says Red Hat's Badani.
“Without an orchestration framework of some sort, you’ve just got services running ‘somewhere’ – where you set them to run, manually – and if you lose a node or something crashes, it’s manual [work] to fix it,” adds Sean Suchter, co-founder and CTO of Pepperdata. “With an orchestration framework, you declare how you want your environment to look, and the framework makes it look like that.”
Orchestration unlocks one of the big-picture promises of microservices: Enabling small teams to solve big problems.
Some other pluses of Kubernetes: It has earned wide tech industry support and benefits from an active open source community. For more, read also: How to make the case for Kubernetes.
Kubernetes is an important piece of the cloud-native puzzle: But it’s important to understand that its broader ecosystem provides even more value to IT organizations. As Red Hat’s Haff notes, “The power of the open source cloud-native ecosystem comes only in part from individual projects such as Kubernetes. It derives, perhaps even more, from the breadth of complementary projects that come together to create a true cloud-native platform.”
This includes service meshes like Istio, monitoring tools like Prometheus, command-line tools like Podman, distributed tracing from the likes of Jaeger and Kiali, enterprise registries like Quay, and inspection utilities like Skopeo, says Haff. And, of course, Linux, which is the foundation for the containers orchestrated by Kubernetes.
Choosing from and integrating a variety of tools yourself takes time of course, which is one place where enterprise open source platforms, such as Red Hat OpenShift come into play.
[ Read also: OpenShift and Kubernetes: What’s the difference? ]
Kubernetes eases the burden of configuring, deploying, managing, and monitoring even the largest-scale containerized applications.
In many organizations, the first step toward Kubernetes adoption to date might be best described as Oh, we can use Kubernetes for this! That means, for example, that a team running a growing number of containers in production might quickly see the need for orchestration to manage it all.
StackRox’s Komoroske expects another adoption trend to grow in the near future: We can build this for Kubernetes! It’s the software equivalent of a cart-and-horse situation: Instead of having an after-the-fact revelation that Kubernetes would be a good fit for managing a particular service, more organizations will develop software specifically with Kubernetes in mind. Some people will call this "Kubernetes-native" software.
[ What does Docker have to do with Kubernetes? Read also: What is Docker? ]
1. Expect a rising tide of “Kubernetes-native” software: Think “not only containerized software that happens to be deployable in Kubernetes, but also software that is aware of and able to provide unique value when deployed in Kubernetes,” Komoroske says.
[ Want to learn more about building and deploying Operators? Get the free eBook: O’Reilly: Kubernetes Operators: Automating the Container Orchestration Platform. ]
2. Security will continue to be a high-profile focus: “As the adoption of Kubernetes and deployment of container-based applications in production accelerate to much higher volumes than we’ve seen to date, we can expect more security incidents to occur,” says Rani Osnat, VP of strategy at Aqua Security. “Most of those will be caused by the knowledge gap around what constitutes secure configuration, and lack of proper security tooling.”
It’s not that Kubernetes has inherent security issues, per se. In fact, there’s a visible commitment to security in the community. It simply comes with some new considerations and strategies for managing risks, as bad actors are getting better at spotting vulnerabilities.
Other key trends include:
- A move toward federation
- A scramble for talent
- Efforts to reduce Kubernetes’ resource consumption.
For full detail on these trends, read 5 Kubernetes trends to watch in 2020.
What is a Kubernetes operator?
The conventional wisdom of Kubernetes’ earlier days was that it was very good at managing stateless apps. But for stateful applications such as databases, it wasn’t such an open-and-shut case: These apps required more hand-holding, says Jeremy Thompson, CTO at Solodev.
“Adding or removing instances may require preparation and/or post-provisioning steps – for instance, changes to its internal configuration, communication with a clustering mechanism, interaction with external systems like DNS, and so forth,” Thompson explains. “Historically, this often required manual intervention, increasing the DevOps burden and increasing the likelihood of error. Perhaps most importantly, it obviates one of Kubernetes’ main selling points: automation.”
That’s a big problem. Fortunately, the solution emerged back in 2016, when coreOS introduced Operators to extend Kubernetes’ capabilities to stateful applications. (Red Hat acquired coreOS in January 2018, expanding the capabilities of the OpenShift container platform.)
[ Kubernetes terminology, demystified: Get our Kubernetes glossary cheat sheet for IT and business leaders. ]
Operators became even more powerful with the launch of the Operator Framework for building and managing Kubernetes native applications (Operators by another name) in March 2018.
“Operators are clients of the Kubernetes API that control custom resources,” says Matthew Dresden, director of DevOps at Nexient. “This capability enables automation of tasks like deployments, backups, and upgrades by watching events without editing Kubernetes code.”
As Red Hat product manager Rob Szumski notes in a blog, “The key attribute of an Operator is the active, ongoing management of the application, including failover, backups, upgrades, and autoscaling, just like a cloud service. Of course, if your app doesn’t store stateful data, a backup might not be applicable to you, but log processing or alerting might be important. The important user experience that the Operator model aims for is getting that cloud-like, self-managing experience with knowledge baked in from the experts.”
If you can’t fully automate, you’re undermining the potential of containers and other cloud-native technologies.
Want to find or share operators? Meet OperatorHub.io
There’s been a noticeable bump in the interest in and implementation of Operators of late, according to Liz Rice, VP of open source engineering at Aqua Security. Rice also chairs the Cloud Native Computing Foundation’s technical oversight committee.
“At the CNCF, we’re seeing interest in projects related to managing and discovering Kubernetes Operators, as well as observing an explosion in the number of Operators being implemented,” Rice says. “Project maintainers and vendors are building Operators to make it easier for people to use their projects or products within a Kubernetes deployment.”
This growing menu of Operators means there’s a need for a, well, menu. “This proliferation of Operators has created a gap for directories or discovery mechanisms to help people find and easily install what’s available,” Rice says.
The relatively new OperatorHub.io is one place where Kubernetes community members can find existing Operators or share their own. (Red Hat launched Operator Hub in conjunction with Amazon, Microsoft, and Google.)
[ Related read: What is an Ansible Operator? ]
What is a Kubernetes secret?
A Kubernetes secret is a cleverly named Kubernetes object that is one of the container orchestration platform’s built-in security capabilities. A “secret” in Kubernetes is a means of storing sensitive information, like an OAuth token or SSH key, so that it’s accessible when necessary to pods in your cluster but protected from unnecessary visibility that could create security risks.
As the Kubernetes documentation notes, “Putting this information in a Secret is safer and more flexible than putting it verbatim in a Pod definition or in a container image.”
Secrets could be thought of as a relative of the least privilege principle, except instead of focusing on limiting the access of individual users to that which they actually do to get their work done, they focus on giving your applications the data they need to properly function without giving them (and the people that manage them) unfettered access to that data.
Put another way, Secrets help fulfill a technical requirement while solving a problem that rises out of that requirement: Your containerized applications need certain data or credentials to run properly, but how you store that data and make it available is the kind of thing that keeps security analysts up at night.
What is a Kubernetes cluster?
You can begin to understand this major piece literally: A cluster is a group or bunch of nodes that run your containerized applications. You manage the cluster and everything it includes – in other words, you manage your application(s) – with Kubernetes.
What is a Kubernetes pod?
This is essentially the smallest deployable unit of the Kubernetes ecosystem; more accurately, it’s the smallest object. A pod specifically represents a group of one or more containers running together on your cluster.
What is a Kubernetes node?
Nodes are comprised of physical or virtual machines on your cluster; these “worker” machines have everything necessary to run your application containers, including the container runtime and other critical services. (The Kubernetes Github repository has a good, detailed breakdown of the Kubernetes node.)
What is kubectl?
Simply put, kubectl is a command line interface (CLI) for managing operations on your Kubernetes clusters. It does so by communicating with the Kubernetes API. (It’s not a typo, either: The official Kubernetes style, as it were, is to lowercase the k in kubectl.) It follows a standard syntax for running commands: kubectl [command] [TYPE] [NAME] [flags]. You can find an in-depth explanation of kubectl here, as well as examples of common operations, but here’s a basic example of an operation: “run.” This command runs a particular container image on your cluster.
What is a Kubernetes service?
A Kubernetes service is "an abstract way to expose an application running on a set of pods as a network service," as the Kubernetes documentation puts it. "Kubernetes gives pods their own IP addresses and a single DNS name for a set of Pods, and can load-balance across them."
But pods sometimes have a short lifespan. As pods come and go, services help the other pods "find out and keep track of which IP address to connect to."
What is Minikube?
Minikube is an open source tool that enables you to run Kubernetes on your laptop or other local machine. It can work with Linux, Mac, and Windows operating systems. It runs a single-node cluster inside a virtual machine on your local machine.
In other words, Minikube takes the vast cloud-scale of Kubernetes and shrinks it down so that it fits on even your laptop. Don’t mistake that for a lack of power or functionality, though: You can do plenty with Minikube. And while developers, DevOps engineers, and the like might be the most likely to run it on a regular basis, IT leaders and the C-suite can use it, too. That’s part of the beauty.
“With just a few installation commands, anyone can have a fully functioning Kubernetes cluster, ready for learning or supporting development efforts,” says Chris Ciborowski, CEO and cofounder at Nebulaworks.
The official Kubernetes documentation includes instructions for installing Minikube – note that you’ll also need to install kubectl, the native command-line interface for Kubernetes. It also offers a quickstart guide for getting up and running.
Here are four ways you can use Minikube:
- Fast route to experimentation and learning - for developers and IT leaders
- Evaluate important Kubernetes features
- Play with Kubernetes’ extensibility in a sandbox
- Do a Kubernetes proof of concept project
For more, see Minikube: 5 ways IT teams can use it.
Now, let's dig into Kubernetes tutorials; classes and books; security essentials; and best practices for building and migrating apps:
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Keep up with the latest advice and insights from CIOs and IT leaders. | <urn:uuid:c718097a-ea15-4f11-a852-add853ad6276> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2020/4/kubernetes-everything-you-need-know | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.906298 | 3,990 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Event catering company Amadeus has reduced the amount of food waste it produces, in a bid to make the company more sustainable.
After partnering with food donation scheme OLIO in July, the in-house caterer for the NEC has saved more than 614,000 litres of water.
OLIO ensures that uneaten pre-packaged food like sushi boxes, sandwiches and salads from NEC halls are collected and then distributed to those in the local community.
Through the partnership, Amadeus were able to redistribute over 4,100 portions of surplus food to the community, in addition to averting 3.5 tonnes of CO2 emissions.
Amadeus currently has seven OLIO ‘Food Waste Heroes’ at the venue, who have aided 122 members of the local community with donations.
Delia Gadea, OLIO food waste heroes account manager, added: “It has been fantastic to see that our partnership with Amadeus and the NEC Group has been so successful and it’s testament to their level of commitment.
“They have ensured that food is easily accessible to the OLIO Food Waste Heroes volunteers, who collect and then distribute the surplus food in their local communities via the OLIO app. The local community is notified that food items are available on our app and are able to request the food, then visiting the volunteer’s house to pick up the food.
“Our main drive is to save good food from going to waste and we know that at the same time we are helping to bring communities together and support struggling families to put food on the table.”
OLIO is not the only part of Amadeus’ sustainable efforts; 98% of its disposable packaging spend is on sustainable products, whether they are recyclable, biodegradable or compostable.
Food and beverage director, Marc Frankl, said: “We are thrilled to see how our partnership with OLIO has flourished over the first four months.
“Our partnership doesn’t just mean that food waste is reduced across our venues, it’s the impact it has on the local community which is so important to us. At Amadeus we always aim to uphold these values, supporting local communities. We pride ourselves on the statistic that 80% of our suppliers are found within a 30-mile radius.
“Credit must go to our staff who have really embraced this partnership and we can’t wait to see how it develops moving forward.”
The partnership is part of NEC Sustain – the venue’s sustainability programme. The NEC Group has been working with its arenas, exhibitions, events partners and customers to try to improve sustainability. So far, 927 million litres of waterhas been saved in the ten years since NEC Sustain began.
The venue has just this week launched ‘Prevent’, the latest campaign for the programme that focuses on how waste management supports the development of greener events.
OLIO will also feature in the December issue of EN magazine. To register for a free copy, click here. | <urn:uuid:773f5fb0-ffb7-4153-b506-e34f508af6b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://exhibitionnews.uk/amadeus-focus-on-food-waste/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.948854 | 640 | 1.679688 | 2 |
This course has been updated! We now recommend you take the Intermediate React, v4 course.
Transcript from the "useLayoutEffect" Lesson
>> Let's go back to one that actually might be useful for you sometimes, especially for my friends that like doing animations. This one's to pay attention to. Let's go talk about one that's called layout effect. So use layout effect. We've seen effect before use effect. But what I was telling you before is use layout effect or sorry, use effect.
[00:00:24] Is scheduled and you don't know when it's gonna run. And that's a problem because sometimes you need that function to immediately run right after right. So if I have layout effect component here, if I wanna measure what this is immediately after I let go of this, I need this to execute immediately after the event has happened.
[00:00:44] So I need the render to happen. And then I need the next thing that react runs to be my effect, right? Those things must follow each other immediately. If that's your case, and you have a constraint that like you can't have anything scheduled between them, there's a function called layout effect.
[00:01:01] Which actually works more. That's how component did update used to work still works might still work that way. So if you're migrating from a class based react component to a functions and hooks based component. Which by the way you don't necessarily have to do it's fine to leave class components in your code base.
[00:01:30] You might need to use layout effect if you're trying to capture component update correctly. Because this is the behavior of how component did update still works. So, let's talk about it again. Effect is scheduled. There might be stuff that happens after your component finishes rendering. Use layout effect happens immediately after your render finishes.
[00:01:54] So again, this is gonna be useful for people that are doing things like animation because you need to capture immediately after this component finishes rendering. Where is this in this particular case, I'm measuring the height and the area of this. I'm also using a ref to keep a handle on this box.
[00:02:15] Let's see, I think if I put this as use effect. To import that, use effect. Scroll down here. So it actually is able to render this fairly accurate most of the time, but the problem is that you could have animations that are coming in here in between them and modifying it.
[00:02:45] And so at the end of it, you're actually not gonna be guaranteed. But you're getting the correct number because there could be things in between there that could be happening. So, the key here with use layout effect is that you just need to have that guarantee of the immediacy of execution.
[00:03:03] And again with things like animations that becomes very important or anything that you're like measuring the DOM after that. So I think that's probably the best rule of thumb I can think of at the moment. If you're measuring the DOM taking width and height measurements and things like that.
[00:03:19] That's gonna be a good use cases I might need to use layout effect instead of effect, if you need those kind of guarantees. In this case, it ends up not being terribly important. But yeah, there you go. You typically don't need to do it. I'll put it that way.
[00:03:34] And it's more performance to do effect because react is really good at scheduling things. Yeah, that's actually probably a really good question. So I have L equals use ref here. And I'm just creating right now the container. And then if you look down here at the text area, I'm saying ref equals L.
[00:03:50] This is just saying, hey, I want the ref to always refer to this text area. It's and here you can see inside of the set width and set height that can refer to current and current facts. Let's just put console dot log. L dot current. Then if I look here in the console, you can see here it is this text area.
[00:04:21] That one. So that's what ref does is like, because what's hard about this is react can create and destroy that text area a bunch of times. You don't know when it's going to create it and destroy it. And so by putting the ref = el here, you're actually guaranteed that it's going to refer to the current text area being rendered on the screen.
[00:04:43] It's good question. That's another really good use case for refs is referring to DOM elements in within your react application. Pretty simple again 99.99% of the time, just use the fact it's fine. You don't need to use layout effect. It's really for I need guarantees, right? Like millisecond guarantees, basically.
[00:05:07] So this could be the difference between a animation looking like really jumpy or like, I'm going here and then I'm hopping here because the measurement was incorrect or looking very smooth all the way across. So I was there a question?
>> Yeah. So if we said in line number four, if we set the width to 20, it's not taking any width and height.
[00:05:36] How do we set the predefined width and height?
>> Line 28 yeah, I mean that's a good example this as well. So if I just click on it, I think I set this so that whenever you click on it, it sets the width to zero. This way I'm still able to measure correctly whereas if I do lay out or if I do effect here and I do this and I click on this, all right, so I have this text area, I make this 150 and now this is using effect over here.
[00:06:21] If I click on this, I can register a click event. Notice this is no longer correct, this width and height because I measured it too early right because the in that millisecond, because effect happened later, and the click event happened sooner. This now width is incorrectly or the height, I mean, it's just incorrect, right?
[00:06:47] This is obviously not a width one or a height 147 because what was happening before is a drag event on a text area is not actually an event in react, right? It's like okay, you dragged it, I don't care. I'm not gonna re render that because nothing changed according to react.
[00:07:03] So if I don't put a set width on there because now it's actually doing the measuring. Got it, okay. So, I'm looping back around to my understanding of this, it took me a second, effect you can see here is actually normally correct. So if I come back into effect, this is normally going to be correct for everything that you do.
[00:07:29] However, you are not guaranteed this is correct. Now if you're doing like a bunch of stuff like especially animations where you're like really tying up, that thread, there could be enough time between when you modify it and when you measure it that could be out of sync. And that's a problem.
[00:07:47] When you do it with use layout effect, you have an absolute guarantee that that is going to be the correct measurement as soon as that user is done dragging that. Okay, that is the correct solution. It just took me a second to get there. | <urn:uuid:35d833b8-fea0-4a10-a1ae-908ec322537e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://frontendmasters.com/courses/intermediate-react-v3/uselayouteffect/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.974519 | 1,633 | 1.929688 | 2 |
SALUTE the Hazaras, one of the most gentle, peaceful and civilised communities in Pakistan. It was unfair to oblige them to supplicate for the prime minister’s attention — something they were entitled to receive without asking. The brutal and most horrible killing of 11 miners was a national catastrophe that should have brought to the scene the highest responsible authority in the land without anybody formally inviting it. What actually happened did not raise the government’s credit for its ability to respond to a national disaster and to honour its obligation to commiserate with its citizens over a terrible tragedy.
Who are the Hazaras and what have they done?
The Hazaras migrated to Balochistan over a long period in the 19th century and they were made to wait for decades before they were accepted as citizens in the land they had settled in. Their first vocation in Balochistan was to serve in the British Indian army and this enabled them to offer army chief Gen Muhammad Musa.
But as the Hazaras were neither sardars nor big landlords they didn’t have opportunities to oppress tenants at will. They chose to provide educated cadres to facilitate the management of the province’s affairs. There was a time they provided 70 per cent of the provincial government’s secretarial staff (now down to 20 or even less).
However, the Hazaras were able to rise to eminence in business and industry. They acquired ownership of mines and opened large departmental stores. They also won jobs in educational services and in banking and trade sectors.
A most striking feature of the Hazaras is their degree of tolerance for other communities.
The situation started becoming adverse for the Hazaras with the rise of religiosity in Balochistan. The previously empty marble mosques started attracting sizeable congregations. The arrival of religiously inspired militants from Punjab, the use of Balochistan as a launching pad for militants operating in Afghanistan, and finally the establishment of Taliban headquarters in Quetta made the environment unfriendly and eventually hostile to the Hazaras.
The fate of the Hazaras also began to be affected by developments in Afghanistan. When the Hazaras in Afghanistan joined the government there, the Hazaras in Pakistan were punished by the militants. Worse, the Hazaras found evidence to support their suspicion that their tormentors enjoyed the support of powerful sections in the government, even if the whole government was not a party to their suppression. These suspicions were grounded in the officials’ blatant indifference to their complaints and the persistent failure to proceed against the Hazaras’ persecutors. When action was at last taken against a couple of persons, they were allowed to escape from prison.
The Taliban campaign in Afghanistan also generated an anti-Shia wave in Balochistan and the Hazaras became victims of systematic attacks. In numerous incidents they were pulled out of public transport vehicles, subjected to identify checks and killed if their Hazara identity was established. For a long time, they were unable to put up any resistance but eventually they learned to reply to violence in the same coin, though on a small scale.
What completely disheartened the Hazaras was the fact that running normal business became more and more hazardous. They could not operate their mines and maintaining efficiency at their departmental stores became impossible. Many of them chose to abandon their fairly good jobs and went abroad in search of secure employment or business opportunities. One of their favourite destinations was Australia, and reports started to pour in of loss of life during attempts to travel from Thailand to Australia in rickety boats that often failed to reach their destination. But those who reached Australia made a good impression on their hosts. Australian authorities especially admired the industriousness of the Hazara womenfolk and their readiness to manage shops. In short, the discipline of diligence and honest dealings enabled the Hazaras to overcome the biases all communities have against immigrants of different racial stock and different habits.
The problem the Hazara workers face in an environment that has been made hostile to them by militants belonging to a different sect is that their identity is exposed by their facial features and national identity cards are checked only for ensuring that no non-Shia gets killed.
Despite all the hazards, the Hazaras have continued their educational mission. They run schools and colleges that are open to children belonging to all religious denominations and have been trying to establish a university for some years. They try to ensure that girls have as easy an access to educational facilities as boys and gender disparity in education is lower among them than in most other communities in Pakistan. Police records will confirm that although crime by Hazaras is not unknown they lag far behind other communities in making a living by crime, including common aberrations such as extortion and blackmail.
Anyone who has had contact with the Hazaras over a reasonable period will not fail to confirm that despite all the hazards they face they retain a healthy outlook on life and are full of optimism that they will survive whatever hardships are in store for them. A most striking feature of the Hazaras is their degree of tolerance for people belonging to other communities and denominations, which other communities in the country would do well to emulate.
The Hazaras’ desire to gain the attention of the highest in the land has a history of unredeemed pledges made to them. It is true, as the information minister thoughtlessly keeps reminding the Hazaras, that misfortune has not befallen them for the first time, but it is also true that remedial measures promised to the Hazaras have not materialised. The prime minister did the Hazaras no favour by flying to Quetta after dictating terms. In any responsible dispensation, the head of government would have commiserated with the disaster victims without being invited. Kindness hedged with conditions has little value. Incidentally, the episode marked the formulation of what may be accepted as an Imran Khan doctrine according to which public demands cannot be accepted because then the dacoits will come up with their demands. Wonderful.
The nation has reason to be grateful to the Hazaras for setting models of forbearance in the face of calamity.
Published in Dawn, January 14th, 2021 | <urn:uuid:e1d2794d-9c17-415d-84e6-e74524c79fdf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dawn.com/news/1601365/salute-the-hazaras | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.980122 | 1,276 | 2.8125 | 3 |
When viewing deployed Explorers, you can use the keywords in this section to search and filter.
The Name field can be searched using the syntax
The site can be searched using the syntax
Whether the Explorer is up can be searched using the syntax
The IP address(es) the Explorer is deployed on can be searched using the syntax
The software version of Explorers can be searched using
The version of the npcap library for Windows Explorers can be searched using
The machine architecture Explorers are deployed on can be searched using
The operating system Explorers are deployed on can be searched using
os:<text>. Note that macOS is recorded as
darwin, the underlying Unix core of macOS.
The capabilities of the Explorers can be searched using the syntax
capability:<keyword>. Two keywords are supported:
screenshotfor Explorers which can screenshot web pages
ec2for Explorers which can describe AWS EC2 instances
Use the syntax
tag:<term> to search tags added to an Explorer. The term can be the tag name, or the tag name followed by an equal sign and the tag value. Tag value matches must be exact. | <urn:uuid:9d03b491-1864-41b1-a48c-5e18b0d0550a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.runzero.com/docs/search-query-explorers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.668767 | 396 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Best Local Lean Six Sigma Experts of Montgomery, Alabama
An organization, small or large, has to make sure that minimal is wasted to ensure profits. Otherwise, there’ll be a loss of both finances and productivity. And this is not something you want to happen. This is the reason companies and individuals are opting for Lean Six Sigma principles.
You can think of LSS as a mix of numerous small principles to ensure your company’s success. So, if you want to ensure success, your company should implement Lean Six Sigma principles. This always helps organizations to manage better and improve.
If you’re in Montgomery and want help with LSS, contact Lean Six Sigma Experts of Alabama. And for more info, read along.
What is Lean Six Sigma certification?
This certification is made up of two different methodologies. One is Lean that helps you manage and reduce the waste, i.e., the non-valuable possessions to the customers or company. Lean enables you to decrease wastage and increase the value of the products to the customers.
On the other hand, Six Sigma helps you know your true potential and helps you understand the different plans and structures to ensure your company’s growth. They both altogether clean and helps in managing all the aspects within the organization.
You should know that Lean Six Sigma certification involves belts. As an individual, you have to register for a belt and prepare for the exam, and if you pass, you can achieve the belt/certification. Here are some Lean Six Sigma belts we can help you with.
Lean Six Sigma Black Belt: This is one of the toughest belts to achieve. However, it’s equally valuable. Black belt certified have complete knowledge of the processes and techniques in the LSS. They are answerable only to master belt holders. Such professionals have the power to lead an entire project.
Also, such professionals usually take up managerial roles. If you want to scale your career or want better leaders for your organization, LSS black belt is a great belt to achieve.
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt: It is just like the black belt but less superior. They usually lead the teams as team leaders and work under black belts. Also, the certification exam is of intermediate difficulty.
Lean Six Sigma Yellow Belt: Yellow belt certified are just like route tellers but do not do any project independently. They only guide people. They know the services but do not provide them.
Lean Six Sigma high school curriculum: This is a program that provides a proper framework to the high schools. They help them understand and the curriculums and framework to the high school to help them properly.
To understand these certifications and achieve them, you need someone as professional as Lean Six Sigma experts of Alabama.
Why chose us?
Lean Six-Sigma experts of Alabama provide the best services to help you control and manage your organization well. We are well known not only in Montgomery but all across Alabama. Our professionals are working together for your better results. So, if you want any of our help, just contact us! We will always be there for you.
There are so many areas or regions where we offer these services with most of them being cities.
However, if you need any of these services, you need to contact us. The list below comprises the areas where we offer these services. | <urn:uuid:a83d9679-b245-4311-8cb1-13f9617d52cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.leansixsigmaalabama.com/lean-six-sigma-experts-montgomery-al/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.953076 | 692 | 1.625 | 2 |
On this page:
The MIT CA (Certification Authority) authenticates secure web servers to your computer. MIT CA certificates obtained after April, 2006, are valid until August, 2026.
You must get the MIT CA before you can get a personal certificate.
|MIT CA vs. Personal Certificates|
The MIT CA is not the same as your Personal Certificate. You must renew your Personal Certificate everry year, in August. If you're having difficulty accessing MIT sites, make sure you have both the MIT CA and your Personal Certificate installed. See How do I test my MIT personal certificate?
- Learn more about the MIT CA.
- Test whether you have the MIT CA installed on your system.
Note: If the MIT CA is present and you click the link above, a small window will tell you that the certificate already exists.
To check manually whether you have the MIT CA installed:
- On Athena, Linux, and Macintosh, open Preferences > Advanced > View Certificates.
On Windows, open Tools > Options > Advanced > Encryption > View Certificates.
- In the Certificate Manager window, click the Authorities tab.
- Scroll to find Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT Certification Authority (listed alphabetically, or at the end of the list).
- Open Tools > Internet Options > Content.
- Click the Certificates button.
- In the Certificates window, click the Trusted Root Certificate Authority tab.
- Scroll to find the MIT CA (alphabetically or at end of list).
- Open Keychain Access: [Macintosh HD] > Applications > Utilities > Keychain Access.
- If necessary, click the Show Keychains button in the bottom left corner of the Keychain Access window and ensure that Certificates is highlighted on the bottom-left column for "Category".
- In the Keychains list at the top left, select:
Mac 10.7.x: login
Mac 10.5.x or 10.6.x: System (not System roots)
Mac 10.4.x.: X509Anchors
- Scroll down to MIT Certification Authority.
Result: You need to have one and only one MIT Certification Authority. If you click on it to highlight it, you can see its expiration date, which should be August 2026.
If you did not find an MIT-identified Certificate Authority (MIT CA), you need to get the MIT CA. | <urn:uuid:4fd8ef51-2a30-45e1-9170-80eb310454e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://kb.mit.edu/confluence/display/istcontrib/Check+for+the+MIT+CA | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.785602 | 508 | 1.742188 | 2 |
In this class you will learn the fundamentals of engaging with the user, concept development and prototyping. You will also practice how to critically analyze and communicate your findings to the team and a real-world client. This intensive class prepares you to understand the basics of user experience practice through various methodologies and real-world projects.
Understand the practice of User Experience
Broaden your skills with User Research, Prototyping and Testing methodologies
Learn and analyze existing Processes to build your own toolkit
Practice creating a design recommendation for a business owner/client
User Engagement: conducting user interviews, creating user personas and user scenarios
Concept Development: building user flows, sketching and wireframing
Iterative Process: prototyping and testing
Client Engagement: aligning with business goals and creating design recommendations
Course developed in collaboration with Paper + Equator. | <urn:uuid:8081a434-bcd3-48e8-9763-72324ff4f4dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digital.nyc/courses/user-experience-fundamentals-tue-thurs-6-9pm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.879734 | 192 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Learning about Yayoi Kusama
🎨 Yayoi Kusama
🎨 March 22, 1929, Matsumoto, Japan
🎨 Japanese painter
🎨 Pop art / Minimalism
🎨 Painting, Sculpture, Performance Art, and Installations
✅ Yayoi Kusama, Japanese artist who was a self-described “obsessional artist,” known for her extensive use of polka dots and for her infinity installations.
✅ She employed painting, sculpture,
performance art, and installations in a variety of styles, including Pop art and Minimalism.
✅ Kusama began painting as a child, at about the time she began experiencing hallucinations that often involved fields of dots.
✅ Those hallucinations and the theme of dots would continue to inform her art throughout her career.
✅ 1948-1949 Kusama had little formal training, studying art only briefly at the Kyōto City Specialist School of Arts
✅ The desire to become an artist drove her to move in 1957 to the United States, where she settled in New York City.
✅ Before leaving Japan, she destroyed many of her early paintings.
✅ From 1977, by her own choice, she lived in a mental hospital. She continued to produce art during that period and also wrote surreal poetry and fiction, including The Hustlers Grotto of Christopher Street (1984) and Between Heaven and Earth (1988).
✅ Kusama returned to the international art world in 1989 with shows in New York City and Oxford, England
✅ Between 1998 and 1999 a major retrospective of her works was shown at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Tokyo’s Museum of Contemporary Art
✅ In 2006 she received the Japan Art Association’s Praemium Imperiale prize for painting. Her work was the subject of a major retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City in 2012, and a traveling exhibition attracted record crowds at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C., in 2017. That year she opened a museum dedicated to her work in Tokyo, near her studio and the psychiatric hospital where she lives.
Grand Orgy to Awaken the Dead / Mirror Room (Pumpkin)
AWARDS AND HONORS
Premium Imperiale (2006) | <urn:uuid:09a9af68-6562-40ba-ab00-882bba0c8c2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mumnkidsclub.com/post/polka-dots-yayoi-kusama | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.954869 | 515 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Each year, our training and outreach staff help provide hands-on training at Arctic research conferences and in dedicated training sessions targeting early-career and under-represented populations. Training and outreach focuses on effective means for long-term data management, following a curriculum developed and refined by the open science community. The curricula is open access and is listed below with the past courses.
Fundamentals in Data Management for Qualitative and Quantitative Arctic Research
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California
April 18th – April 22nd 2022
This 5-day in-person workshop will provide researchers with an overview of reproducible and ethical research practices, steps and methods for more easily documenting and preserving their data at the Arctic Data Center, and an introduction to programming in R. Special attention be paid to qualitative data management, including practices working with sensitive data. Example datasets will draw from natural and social sciences, and methods for conducting reproducible research will be discussed in the context of both qualitative and quantitative data. Responsible and reproducible data management practices will be discussed as they apply to all aspects of the data life cycle. This includes ethical data collection and data sharing, data sovereignty, and the CARE principles. The CARE principles are guidelines that help ensure open data practices (like the FAIR principles) appropriately engage with Indigenous Peoples’ rights and interests.
- Reproducible research 101
- Qualitative data management for reproducible research
- Definitions of data and best practices for management
- Data publishing
- Ethical data collection (CARE principles)
- Introduction to programming ®
- Human subjects research considerations
- Reproducible survey workflows
- Text analysis in R
Reproducible Practices for Arctic Research Using R
February 14th – February 18th 2022
This 5-day remote workshop will provided researchers with an overview of best data management practices, data science tools for cleaning and analyzing data, and concrete steps and methods for more easily documenting and preserving their data at the Arctic Data Center. Example tools included R, Rmarkdown, and git/GitHub. This course provided background in both the theory and practice of reproducible research, spanning all portions of the research lifecycle, from ethical data collection following the CARE principles to engage with local stakeholders, to data publishing.
Literate analysis (RMarkdown),
Data wrangling (tidyr/dplyr),
Code versioning (git),
Ethical data procedures (CARE principles)
As well as hosting courses and workshops, the Arctic Data Center also holds workshops at various conferences.
2022 Arctic Science Summit Week and the Arctic Observing Summit
March 26th – April 2nd
In collaboration with ELOKA and NNA Community Office, Noor Johnson (ELOKA), Andy Barrett (NNA), Amber Budden (Arctic Data Center) and Jeanette Clark (Arctic Data Center) presented Open Science: Best Practices, Data Sovereignty and Co-production. All content from this workshop can be found here.
2021 Arctic Science Summit Week
March 19th – March 26th 2021
Chris Beltz, a data fellow of the Arctic Data Center, presented the following talk – Analysis of Arctic Data Center Metadata using FAIR principles shows increased quality across multiple metrics – in session ID:68 – Progress Towards Realizing Data Sharing for the Arctic Region and Beyond (2).
International Congress of Arctic Social Sciences X
Virtual & Arkhangelsk, Russia
June 15th – June 19th 2021
Erin McLean, Community Engagement and Outreach Coordinator, presented the following talk – Managing sensitive qualitative data from Arctic social science fields.
For questions, contact [email protected] | <urn:uuid:4cc880b4-e25f-48a5-9a52-d7200a578706> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arcticdata.io/past-courses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.869816 | 795 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Paolo Fiorina, MD, PhD is an endocrinologist. He is Director, International Center for T1D, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric, University of Milan, Italy; Professor of Endocrinology, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan; Chief of Division of Endocrinology, ASST Sacco-Fatebenefratelli, Milan, Italy and Lecturer on Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. He is actively involved in the Grant Committee of JDRF, Medical Science Review Committee (MSRC) for Islet Biology and Transplantation, Transplant Meeting Committee at the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan), American Heart Association (AHA), and American Society of Transplantation (AST).
He published over 140 peer-reviewed manuscripts (5700+ citations, h-index 44). He is focused in devising new immune-based preventive and therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.
His publication track record includes seminal contribution to the field of immunotherapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes and of transplantation and stem cells to prevent and treat autoimmune diabetes and allograft rejection.
AurorA-TT is a Technology Transfer Intermediation Company established in 2017 based in Milan, Italy. We identify promising scientific breakthroughs from academia and research centers in Italy and partner with academia, research institutions and biotech companies based globally.
We do invest in pre-seed and seed projects to bridge the gap between basic research and industrial drug development with industrial discipline. Successful projects either become assets for the creation of stand-alone companies, partnership with financial investors, biotech and pharma companies, or translate into agreements of varying nature with synergic partners.
Alessandra Biffi, MD, is a pediatric hematologist and stem cell transplant physician. She is Professor of Pediatrics, University of Padua and Chief of the Pediatric Onco-hematology Unit of Padua Hospital; until September 2018, Director of the Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Principal Scientist at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Chair of the Scientific Review Committee for Gene Therapy at Boston Children’s Hospital, and Associate Professor of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School.
She published over 60 peer-reviewed manuscripts and textbook chapters. She is actively involved in gene therapy trials for neurological genetic diseases, hemoglobinopathies and immunodeficiencies and has developed a unique expertise in the pre-clinical development and clinical testing of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy approaches.
Her publication track record includes seminal contribution to the field of cell and gene therapy.
Paolo Rizzardi, MD, internist, is Co-Founder and Managing Partner of AurorA-TT, a Technology Transfer initiative fully focused in the biotech sector, and Co-Founder, Chairman&CEO of Altheia Science. He combines a strong scientific background with managerial skills gained in substantially contributing to successfully develop biotechnology companies and to achieve the market approval of advanced therapy medicinal products in the cell&gene therapy and oncology field. After spending more than 10 years in academia in Italy, UK, and Switzerland in developing programs for innovative immune-based/vaccination strategies in patients with HIV/AIDS, he worked for more than 15 years in the cell&gene therapy biotech sector, developing a unique expertise in R&D, CMC, clinical and business development, development, engineering, and IP from target validation to market approval.
He published over 90 peer-reviewed manuscripts and textbook chapters (4500+ citations, h-index 32), including seminal contribution to the field of immunopathogenesis and innovative treatment of HIV infection.
Rita Milazzo, PhD, is a senior researcher with over 10 years of experience in the field of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
She advanced in her carrier working with the San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy in Milano (SR-TIGET), where she focused on the identification of critical factors enhancing HSC-based transplant procedures for diseases with severe nervous system involvement.
Her research contributed to the development of innovative strategies for the treatment of neurological genetic diseases and in the translation of pre-clinical data into the design of human clinical trials as in the case of metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Her work is published in peer-reviewed journals in the field of cell and gene therapy.
Pierluigi Paracchi is Co-Founder and Venture Consultant of AurorA-TT, a Technology Transfer initiative fully focused in the biotech sector, and Co-Founder, Board Member of Altheia Science.
He has more than 15 years of experience as Venture Capitalist and Biotech Entrepreneur. He was Founder & CEO of Quantica, the first Italian VC firm exclusively dedicated to research and academic spin-out companies and Venture Consultant at Sofinnova Partners. He was investors and Board Member at EOS – Ethical Oncology Science, acquired by Clovis Oncology for 470M.
He is Co-Founder and CEO of Genenta Science, spin-out from San Raffaele Hospital: gene therapy for tumor treatment; Board Member at Assobiotec and Chairman of the SMEs group.
Moufida Ben Nasr M, PhD, is an immunologist. She is Research Fellow at Nephrology Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
She published over 20 peer-reviewed manuscripts. She is focused in immunology and stem cell biology to develop strategies for transplantation and the treatment of hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
Her publication track record includes important contribution to the field of immunobiology and immunotherapy of type 1 diabetes, identifying mechanisms to be targeted to prevent the attack of autoreactive T cells. | <urn:uuid:8b5e7578-a8db-493e-a0a3-9cd0bfb5fa86> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://altheiascience.com/about-us/management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.915356 | 1,220 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Food parenting practices and parenting styles are associated with child weight status, dietary intake, and eating behaviors. Although parents maintain a parenting style while also engaging in food parenting practices day-to-day, most studies have examined the separate impact of these two constructs on child outcomes. An examination of both practices and styles will facilitate the identification of how they mutually co-exist and influence child weight and weight-related outcomes. The current study examined the clustering of food parenting practices and parenting styles and evaluated the relationship between these parenting characteristics and child weight status, diet quality and eating behaviors. Children aged 5–7 and their parents (N = 150) from six racial/ethnic groups were recruited through primary care clinics. Latent class analysis classified subgroups based on parenting practices and styles. Regression analyses examined relationships between subgroups and child outcomes. The best-fitting model was two subgroups. Parents in subgroup 1 (n = 37) were more likely to restrict foods, pressure children to eat and less likely to engage in food modeling compared to subgroup 2 (n = 112). Parents in subgroup 1 were more likely to report authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and less likely to report an authoritative parenting style, compared to subgroup 2. Parents in subgroup 1 were more likely to report children who ate to obtain pleasure and who lacked internal cues for hunger than those in subgroup 2. There were no association between subgroups and child weight status, diet quality and other eating behaviors. Future research and interventions should take into consideration how parenting styles and practices mutually influence child weight and weight-related outcomes.
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
All phases of this study were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health ( R01HL126171 and T32MH082761 ).
- Child weight
- Latent class analysis
- Parenting practices
- Parenting styles | <urn:uuid:aa3dfb89-cbb4-448d-b0f4-16961c7b82f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/application-of-latent-profile-analysis-to-define-subgroups-of-par | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.953021 | 399 | 2.890625 | 3 |
The journal accepts studies at national and international level as follows;
1- Research articles reflecting results and findings of original research papers in science, technology and engineering fields.
2- Review articles providing a refined summary of a remarkable number of articles in a contemporary technological and scientific manner, carrying out evaluations, making comparisons and comments.
Gazi University Science Journal: Design and Technology journal is about basic engineering issues. The target audience is researchers and engineers and the journal aims at informing people with the latest scientific and technological developments. The journal accepts papers reflecting the results of original results in science, technology and engineering fields at the national and international level and research papers that contribute to scientific field or papers that summarize the latest developments on an issue are accepted.
The fields of architecture, art, sport and health are not in the scope of this journal. | <urn:uuid:62456dc4-7f8a-4914-8401-c6f68c1b14d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gujsc/aim-and-scope | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.868079 | 168 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Call to action on green software: Establishing a centre of excellence
- Posted on February 22, 2022
- Estimated reading time 10 minutes
In my first article, I talked about spreading the message of green software within organisations. I addressed grassroots change and the importance of organisational support for change. In the second article, I talked about success factors, measurements and metrics to ensure your organisation is fully supportive of greening software.
After having identified the business benefits of adopting green software – as well as the broader societal reasons for this adoption – and gained early buy-in for this change, you'll eventually hit your next challenge: who drives this change?
Green software engineering should be self-sustaining
In 2002, in The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference, Malcolm Gladwell explored the science behind human behaviour and the adoption of practices. He defined a tipping point as "that magic moment when an idea, trend, or social behaviour crosses a threshold, tips, and spreads like wildfire."
I believe that Green Software Engineering has the capacity to be self-sustaining, in the same way that organisations have previously adopted various methodologies and practices as a new default, from Agile and Test-Driven Development to the use of Microservices and Open-Source Software. Admittedly, organisations are at various points on this change journey. However, we aren't yet at this tipping point for Green Software Engineering.
Part of our role should be to make our own evangelism unnecessary. We should build the structures, conduct training, and adopt ways of thinking to make green software the default.
I mentioned that grassroots adoption and evangelism can influence the behaviour of your peers. Gladwell goes further, talking about the need to create a community around people to drive a fundamental change in people's beliefs and behaviour.
In that mindset, making green software ubiquitous, today I’ll focus on the capabilities an organisation should build. These new capabilities are people enablers, to create green software, and support the practice of new skills.
I’ll close by setting the scene for future articles on the actual nuts and bolts – the fundamental activities – that teams can adopt; for example, reporting and instrumentation, to write, improve, and use green software.
A brief recap...
- We know the importance of a green mindset, and strong sponsorship and champions within your organisation.
- We also understand why organisations might want to green their software, and how each organisation can identify and measure their unique benefit, within the technology or governance of your organisation.
- The final leg of this stool is the doing function, the mechanism by which we train people, improve processes, and change the way we work.
What do I mean by a “doing function”?
Being deliberately vague here, a doing function is any team or group of people which is capable of helping your organisation to build capability, adopt new practices, and shift the status quo.
If we use the adoption of Open Source, or Inner Source as a model here, your Green Software function might already be well established. Larger enterprises may have several teams looking at various different aspects of Green Software.
Here are some approaches that might be suitable for your organisation to adopt as a doing function, as there is no one size that fits all. What works for an open-source project or small to medium business isn't necessarily a good fit for a larger enterprise.
And your organisation may want to adopt multiple approaches to reach your end goal.
Approaches you could adopt
- Centre of excellence - A Centre of Excellence (COE) is often the most formal organisational construct for sharing knowledge. This is usually a group of people or a team that can coordinate training, process improvement, and knowledge sharing.
- Community of practice - The term Community of Practice refers to people that share a passion or interest. It provides a forum to share information and for peers to learn from one another. These communities of practice often form organically, but can be harder to sustain, as people can rotate in and out of the community based on need, and the amount of time they have available.
- Project team or committee - A project team is a good way to start sharing Green Software practices. For example, you can set up a project team or committee for creating a training plan for your organisation. This approach could also be suitable if your Green Software initiative is to be delivered by a corporate function, such as human resources, or learning and development. However, unless your organisation has such a deep interest in green software that the practices become self-sustaining, this is unlikely to lead to lasting change. This is because project teams are usually a temporary construct, and by their nature have an expiration date.
- Network of representatives - In a highly federated engineering or manufacturing organisation, you might have a network of representatives or champions that come together to share best practices. These are similar to a community of practice but are formally embedded within each product team to champion the adoption of the new change.
Your organisation may use different terms for some of these approaches, which perform a similar activity, but the overall ideas should be applicable anywhere.
For the rest of this article, I'm going to focus on a Centre of Excellence, the activities you could start with, and how you can sustain this, but the advice should be broadly applicable to every approach.
Centres of excellence: Getting started
By this point, I'm assuming you have an understanding of who your business sponsor is for this initiative, and the success factors you're driving towards. If not, you might want to refer back to articles one and two, spreading the message of Green Software, and measuring success, respectively.
1. First steps
So, you've established a Centre of Excellence, or COE. Well done! Your journey is just beginning. As you spread the message, you may have identified supporters and those with a keen interest in green software.
Your COE will need to begin by creating a clear purpose for being, identifying the roles you require, how you will share knowledge, and why joining or working with your community is valuable for your peers.
2. Framing the purpose
The core group that establishes the COE will be the centre of your community and are responsible for building trust with the rest of the organisation, as well as setting a positive culture. You'll want to spend time as a group ensuring that you all have the same common goals and purpose, as this will influence the activities you undertake.
3. Identifying roles - and your community of practitioners
As you set up your COE, you'll be negotiating formal roles that might be set by your organisation, and the ad-hoc roles that you fall into through practice.
The role of your COE may initially aim to create a community of practitioners that care, deliberately seeding some elements that a Community of Practice would otherwise take on.
You may want to invite the supporters you have identified to join the COE, either formally if you are able to do so, or as part of a broader community. As the core of your community, you might want to adopt them formally into leadership roles or ask them to present and share their experience. By adopting supporters formally into your community, you can increase motivation, and keep engagement high.
COE members appointed to leadership positions could represent the interests of their community; for example, a technical community, such as frontend developers, or a geographical community, such as those located in a specific office.
4. Sharing knowledge and maintaining engagement
Your COE will need to identify how knowledge will be shared. First, synchronous sharing. Will you have a regular community call, or an in-person meeting? Is your organisation entirely remote, hybrid, or are you separated across different geographical locations?
Most organisations will also have formal channels for sharing tacit knowledge in an asynchronous fashion. Think manuals, standard operating procedures, code, newsletters, and instruction guides. Keep things simple and frictionless as you can, remembering you're another place for people to spend their precious attention. Sending out polls in Slack, Teams, Yammer, Workplace, and other social networks can be a lightweight way to maintain engagement.
Making adoption irresistible and irreversible
Early activities of your COE should focus on what community members can gain by adopting Green Software principles, and by changing the context of Green Software. Ask how you can remove barriers to make it frictionless to create and learn about carbon-efficient software.
1. What's in it for me?
We need to put ourselves in our colleagues' shoes. We're probably yet another demand on their time. So, we need to show the personal benefits that learning about green software can bring to each person.
For example, supporting your COE could support an individual's career development, as they pick up and learn new skills. It could also be a chance for them to make a significant change for their team, such as improving a DevOps pipeline to make it more efficient or maintainable.
I recommend creating personas to represent the types of people within your organisation that you are looking to support. For example, consider a full-stack developer persona or a salesperson persona. You can then identify different needs, goals and motivations they might have and select or prioritise activities accordingly.
2. Making it frictionless
Just as I've been writing about how you can get started with Green Software, your peers will need pointers and support to get started.
One approach you can use is recipe cards or small activities that you can promote within your organisation. These could be posted on an intranet or emailed out regularly to interested people across your organisation. Each activity should have a time attached to it, from small activities that could take 5 minutes, such as reading an article, to hands-on activities that may take multiple hours, such as e-learning modules, or self-study software labs.
Centres of excellence: Continuing into the future
This is the start of your journey by pulling together a like minded team. Whether that's informally as a Community of Practice, a formal Centre of Excellence, or some other vehicle which works for your organisation, you now have a direction and the start of a plan.
In future articles, I'll be focussing on more detailed activities and approaches that your teams can adopt, including observability, instrumentation, devops practices as well as incentives for change and the use of nudge theory. The team you pull together will be key to adopting these techniques.
As your community comes together, please remember that we, at the Green Software Foundation, need your help. Your community will be well placed to support our open-source projects including:
- The Principles of Green Software Engineering - Training on reducing the carbon emissions of a software system. Your community can contribute their thoughts.
- Awesome Green Software - As your community contributes tools and ideas, promote them here.
- Green Software Writers - As I've done, ask your community members to write about their experience with green software.
And finally, you could reach out to our Green Software Speakers community, to speak at an event your community runs. Or you may want to speak about green software yourself. Either way, you can find a lot of resources and support from us.
Feel free to reach out, to share other Green Software topics you'd like me to write about, for practical actions you can take to green your software. | <urn:uuid:bf673385-6c68-48b8-b2a3-6d949adfefe9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.avanade.com/en/blogs/techs-and-specs/green-software/cta-centre-of-excellence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.947362 | 2,353 | 1.65625 | 2 |
The yield of a wind power plant depends on the prevailing wind velocities and the usability of the electricity generated. In order to study the operation of a wind power plant under real weather conditions, ET 220.01 was developed. ET 220.01 can be operated with the trainer ET 220 or the control unit ET 220.10.
The ET 220.01 wind power plant consists of an engine room, also called a nacelle, mounted on a pivoting mast with a stable base and supports. The speed of the rotor and the wind velocity are measured. These measured values are displayed on the control unit and in the software of ET 220 or ET 220.10. The control unit of ET 220 or ET 220.10 measures the generator’s current and voltage. It is also possible to connect the accompanying battery to the wind power plant via a charge controller.
The rotor is aligned to the wind direction by means of a vane on the nacelle. The rotor hub contains a mechanical capacity controller that uses rotor blade adjustment. The wind power plant generates a direct current at a wind velocity of about 5m/s. A rectifier is integrated in the nacelle.
Before commissioning, ET 220.01 must be connected to the control unit of ET 220 or ET 220.10. Cables are provided for this purpose, separated for the sensors and the generated electricity. It is easy to change the location of the ET 220.01 wind power plant. To do this, the device is dismantled and can easily be transported on rollers. The device is weather resistant so that it can also be operated in bad weather periods over several days. | <urn:uuid:ade7f423-3e80-417f-9b2b-081babc7e02a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gunt.de/en/products/fluid-machinery/thermal-fluid-energy-machines/thermal-turbines/wind-power-plant/061.22001/et220-01/glct-1:pa-148:ca-708:pr-184 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.910634 | 337 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Subclass of CIM_LogicalFile
FIFOPipeFile is a special type of LogicalFile that represents an interprocess FIFO (sometimes referred to as a “named pipe”). Operating systems use this convention to manage interprocess communication through processes reading and writing the FIFO. The FIFO can be accessed by unrelated processes, in contrast to the more well-known command line redirection mechanism (e.g. UNIX’s ‘ps -eaf | grep foo’, also known as an “unnamed pipe”). An exemplary operating system implementation (using the FIFO concept) is the UNIX S_IFIFO file type. | <urn:uuid:ff225e76-4c55-4be9-a176-e8df72618658> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://docs.openlmi.org/en/latest/mof/CIM_FIFOPipeFile.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.866194 | 187 | 2.875 | 3 |
It is important to know about the files on your computer to understand which ones belong there and which ones don’t. When using the internet, it is rather simple to get your computer infected with a virus or malware. As a result, you may lose the necessary information or data at the hands of anyone online.
There are many files that Windows 10 installs on your computer for a smooth and uninterrupted experience. One of these files is named “KillerNetworkService.exe”. Since the name is rather intimidating, many users have questions about what this file is for and if it’s dangerous or not. In this article, we will explain what Killer Network Service is and why it is installed onto your computer.
What is Killer Network Service?
Killer Network Service is a .exe file, which means that it is executable. It is located in the Program Files folder on your computer and because of its name, many people come to the conclusion that it’s some sort of virus or malware. However, some people also have the opinion that the file serves to protect your computer from viruses and malware.
Still, executable files mean that they may have the administrative rights to your computer and in many cases, they can harm your computer. Can this Service harm your computer? Rivet Networks is the corporation that has coded the process, Killer Network Service, and it belongs to the Killer Network Service software or Killer Performance Suite.
However, it isn’t a required file for your operating system. In some cases, it causes more issues than it resolves. As soon as you double-click the file, it will start to run (same as any other executable file) and the name “Killer Network Service” will be prompted. If you want to end the process, you can do so from the Control Panel.
Where is Killer Network Service Located?
KillerNetworkService.exe is located in C:\Program Files\Killer Networking\Killer Control Centre. It is exactly 2,067,168 bytes in size and is present in Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista and Windows XP.
How to Remove Killer Network Service?
If you want to remove KillerNetworkService.exe, you can do so by going over to the Add/Remove program applet in the Control Panel.
Is Killer Network Service Trustworthy?
KillerNetworkService.exe is signed by Verisign. If you open it, no pop-up window will show up. Moreover, there is no description of the file or its content either. Your computer’s internet connection (Wi-Fi or LAN) is accessed by the file to connect to the manufacturer’s servers.
It is obvious that the file does not belong to Microsoft itself and neither is it a part of Windows 10. In addition to this, Killer Network Service monitors both new and previous applications on your computer. It also makes changes to other processes that are running on your computer. Still, the probability of the technical security rating for the file comes as only being 22% dangerous.
Sometimes, malware with the same name, “KillerNetworkService.exe”, installs itself onto a user’s computer. Obviously, it intends to cause harm to your computer. However, you can check for the malware by going to C:\Windows or C:\Windows\System32. As such, you should constantly monitor this file to make sure that it’s not malware or poses threat to your computer in any way.
We hope this article helped you in answering your questions about what KillerNetworkService.exe is. If you have any further queries, comment them below and we will respond to you as soon as we can. If you have any suggestions related to the article, do mention them below as well. We’d love to hear what you think! | <urn:uuid:0547aa75-f358-445c-9578-008e4080b7a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiffiti.com/what-is-killer-network-service/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.940428 | 799 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Russia has kept Abkhazia and South Ossetia illegally occupied for more than 10 years, Putin violated the international law principles and remains unpunished – Christopher Smith, American Congressman said following adoption of a resolution which disapproves Russia’s participation in future G7 summits.
"For over 10 years Russia has illegally occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which make up 20% of Georgia"s territory. I arrived in Tbilisi one week after Russia’s intrusion into South Ossetia in 2008 and saw the Internally Displaced Persons and killed and wounded civilians when Russian President Vladimir Putin said that he revived the Soviet Union. He violated fundamental principles of international law, rejected the standards of a democratic society, and refused to recognize the territorial integrity of neighboring countries. Putin is unpunished. Russian invasions and occupations have made thousands of internally displaced persons in Georgia and Ukraine. As a result, the human rights of the population of these two countries have been violated”, - said American Congressman.
According to Smith, one of the reasons for this decision is Putin’s violent regime and occupation of Georgian and Ukrainian territories. | <urn:uuid:b16be2dd-17d2-42e3-bbf1-f66e954fc82f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rustavi2.ge/en/news/149183 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.941874 | 238 | 2.421875 | 2 |
New Jersey Map Stereotypes
Maps atlases world map posters atlases scratch maps travel maps.
New jersey map stereotypes. Vintage 1930s new jersey state map rare map print this neat animated cartoon map features sketches of people vegetation animals industry and more. People also love these ideas. Abandoned theme parks abandoned amusement parks abandoned buildings abandoned places seaside heights hurricane sandy tornados aerial photography sea photography. Elk township sightings of the jersey devil.
New jersey dialects vary from north to south with northerners picking up a new york accent who got theirs from bostonians and southerners getting their accent from philadelphia. New jersey pride crosses the north south division and is ready to get all up in your face about it. While we re continuing to feature. That eventually influenced new york and new jersey but never made it down south.
The reason being in the 1600s when boston was settled by people from south of england they dropped their r s and pronounced their vowels similar to how new yorkers and new jerseyans do today. High quality images of maps. New jersey stereotypes vivid maps visited 119 times 1 visits today funny maps funny new funny stuff it s funny funny shit funny things hilarious memes random things random stuff. Mostly because north jersey has taylor ham and south jersey has pork roll.
Thoughtful carefully reproduced print of a 1930s map which originally came from a rare childrens school book. Article by vivid maps. Everyone wants to live in new jersey. Printed on premium quality paper in.
We re aware that these uncertain times are limiting many aspects of life as we all practice social and physical distancing. Trends art design culture. Map of new jersey stereotypes. Sfgirlbybay victoria.
Another local term of interest is benny. There s this north south rivalry that even mit recognizes. People from new jersey will internally argue the first two points to death but if an outsider makes a stupid remark about any part of new jersey then watch out. Including an actual devil.
June 18 2016 alex 0 comments japan turkey united states. Only some of them are true. There are quite a few stereotypes about new jersey. 0 articles 16781 comments.
Find us on facebook. It s time to put them to rest. I remember being in a bar in toronto right after graduating high school canada s drinking age is 18 for the win with five good friends and for whatever reason bruce springsteen comes on. For example we really are pizza snobs.
There are a fair share of untrue stereotypes too. 22 maps of new jersey they never showed you in school these nj maps would have actually made you want to go to social studies. A benny is a person from bayonne elizabeth newark or new york who invades the shore during the summers you see a lot of benny go home bumper stickers and merchandise in the seaside towns. But tell us again how we re.
10 stereotypes about new jersey that need to be put to rest right now.
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- Isobars On A Weather Map | <urn:uuid:c8e021c4-08e0-4db7-9b0e-0ef91d7dd331> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cleveragupta.netlify.app/new-jersey-map-stereotypes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.902566 | 768 | 2.171875 | 2 |
- "The Sith reached other worlds, including those outside the Stygian Caldera. Tund became a prison for heretics. Arorua housed monsters that were spawned from Sith sorcery. And the worlds of Malachor and Thule were fortified against counterattack from any foe."
- ―A mention of Tund extracted from the Chronicle of Jen'jidai Sorzus Syn, 6900 BBY
Tund was a verdant terrestrial planet and potent Force nexus situated upon the north-eastern borders of the Open Sea in the Centrality sector. A remote colony world of the Sith species first settled around 27,700 BBY, Tund saw use as a prison for heretics and exiles prior to the collapse of the old Sith Empire, and subsequently came to serve as both the headquarters of the Sith-blooded Sorcerers of Tund and the adopted homeworld of the Toong species. The planet was destroyed in 5 BBY by a biological warhead released by the Croke Sorcerer of Tund Rokur Gepta.
Tund was first discovered and colonized around 27,700 BBY by a group of exiled Sith belonging to the Kissai priest caste. These outcasts were banished from the Sith homeworld of Korriban for interpreting the death of Sith King Adas during the Infinite Empire's failed invasion as a sign from the Force to reject the dark side. Fleeing Sith space aboard a Rakatan ship equipped with a Force-powered hyperdrive, these Kissai followed the Force to the hidden world of Tund in the Centrality sector, remaining in seclusion for millennia.
Later generations of Sith belonging to both the ancient Sith Empire and old Sith Empire used Tund as a penal colony for the imprisonment of their own heretics and exiles. Following the 6900 BBY conquest of Sith space by the Human-blooded Dark Jedi Exiles, Tund's pureblooded Sith were joined on-world by disparate groups of half-breed Sith-Human colonists. While many of these half-breeds were outcasts banished from the Sith Worlds, a number of Sith refugees fleeing the Republic counterinvasion that followed the Great Hyperspace War likewise settled Tund in the aftermath of the Sith Empire's collapse.
These disparate traditions eventually coalesced to form the Sorcerers of Tund, a sect of Sith-blooded Force users who denied the existence of the light and dark sides of the Force. Though these Sith remained isolated on their remote world for millennia, they were joined in 45 BBY by Toong refugees fleeing the devastation of Toong'L. The Sorcerers persecuted their new neighbors, but were themselves rendered extinct by the actions of one of their own. Rokur Gepta, a Croke who had infiltrated the group to learn its secrets, killed the Sorcerers and destroyed Tund with a biological weapon in 5 BBY to ensure their knowledge remained exclusively his, bringing an end to the Sith colony that had persisted for over two dozen millennia.
Tund was the sole planet of the Tund system, a remote star system situated upon the north-eastern borders of the Open Sea in the Centrality sector of the Outer Rim. Tund rotated on its axis every forty-eight standard hours and orbited its sun, a star likewise called Tund, every one thousand, seven hundred and seventy local days on average. A relatively standard-sized terrestrial world, Tund possessed a planetary diameter of twelve thousand, one hundred and ninety kilometers.
For much of its history, Tund was a verdant Force nexus possessed of a potent connection to the Living Force generated by its rich ecosphere and diverse assortment of biomes. The planet's shadowy jungles and dark forests teemed with a disparate multiplicity of lifeforms, ranging in form and variety from thick-leafed vines to hard-shelled arthropods. Tund's planetary topography was characterized by expansive prairies and flatlands punctuated at length by plunging cliffs and escarpments, some of which played host to waterfalls marking the termini of Tund's rivers.
However, following Rokur Gepta's destruction of the planet in 5 BBY by means of an electromagnetic torpedo and biological weapon, Tund was reduced to a barren, radioactive wasteland devoid of all life. Apart from a small section of the planet protected by Gepta's system of force fields, Tund's atmosphere was highly poisonous and contaminated with deadly radiation from the fallout.
During the pre-Republic era prior to the rise of the Rakata Infinite Empire, the Sharu, a humanoid species hailing from Rafa V, dominated the region of space that in subsequent millennia would be known as the Centrality, circumscribing the remote world of Tund within the bounds of their ancient civilization. Though the Sharu were believed to have voluntarily abandoned their holdings and withdrawn to their ancestral homeworld in fear of the Celestials, the legacy of the Sharu endured on Tund, where Old High Trammic—a trade language descended from the original tongue of the Sharu—continued to see regular usage in subsequent millennia.
Sometime prior to 27,700 BBY, the Rakata discovered Korriban, the ancestral homeworld of the Force-sensitive Sith species. In an effort to secure the allegiance of the Sith, the Rakata plied and seduced the Sith King Adas with gifts of dark-sided knowledge and technology, teaching the Sith King to create his own holocron for the storage of his teachings. Though the Sith had long engaged in sortilege, civil war, and sentient sacrifice, they led spiritually serene lives, never once doubting or questioning the critical role conflict played in their kratocratic society. It was only with the introduction of the Rakatans' methodic malice that the Sith first fell to the dark side.
In 27,700 BBY, the Rakata attempted an invasion of Korriban after their concerted attempts to seduce Adas failed. Though repulsed by the dark side-fueled fury of Adas and his Sith, the Rakata successfully killed the Sith King during the conflict's final days, sending the Sith into disarray as Sith Overlords made war upon each other in their attempts to capitalize upon the power vacuum left in Adas's absence. During this period of strife and turmoil, a group of Sith of the Kissai priest caste began to publicly interpret the dark side's failure to save Adas from death as a sign from the Force to renounce the dark side and reject the teachings of the Rakata. Branded heretics and banished from Korriban, these exiles repurposed a captured Rakatan ship equipped with a Force-powered hyperdrive and set out from their homeworld into the unknown, trusting in the Force to guide them to a suitable refuge. They also carried their writing scripts, known as High Sith and Common Sith, with them.
Their protracted perambulations eventually brought them to Tund, a verdant Force nexus lost upon the north-east borders of the Open Sea in the Centrality sector. These Kissai and their descendants remained in isolation on the remote world for millennia thereafter, establishing a unique pureblooded Sith society and identity distinct from those of the mainline Sith. Convinced by their interactions with the Forceful Rakata that all sentients were Force-sensitive, the Tundan Sith espoused a monist Unifying Force philosophy that rejected the traditional light side/dark side dualism of conventional philosophy and instead declared the Force to be a single, indivisible cosmic entity without sides or aspects, a conception they called "the Unity."
In 6900 BBY, a group of mostly Human-blooded Dark Jedi known as the Exiles arrived on Korriban, having fled from their defeat in the Battle of Corbos at the end of the Hundred-Year Darkness. In the remote backwater of the Outer Rim, they discovered the Sith species, who in the intervening millennia since their legendary Sith King Adas's death had expanded the borders of their ancient Sith Empire outward from their homeworld to the surrounding Sith Worlds of the Stygian Caldera. The Exiles ascended to the rulership of the primitive Sith, employing Sith alchemy to merge their blood with that of their subjects. The resultant hybrid race of Sith-Humans subsequently came to constitute the majority of the reorganized Sith Empire's population in the centuries that followed.
Though most of the Sith Empire's holdings were concentrated in the Stygian Caldera, the Sith species had previously colonized a handful of outlying worlds prior to the Exiles' arrival, and had at some point rediscovered the pureblooded Sith enclave on Tund. In her 6900 BBY chronicle, the Jen'jidai Sorzus Syn noted that the Sith employed Tund as a penal colony and de facto prison to which outcasts, exiles, and heretics were banished. The Exiles' reorganized incarnation of the Sith Empire continued this practice in the years that followed, and Tund's population of pureblooded Tundan Sith was eventually joined on-world by disparate groups of half-breed Sith-Human outcasts banished from the Sith Worlds.
The Sith Empire met its end during the Great Hyperspace War of 5000 BBY, a failed invasion of the Galactic Republic by the forces of the Jen'ari Naga Sadow. A joint Republic-Jedi counterinvasion of the Sith Empire followed, ultimately leading to the near-eradication of the Sith species as civil conflict, famine, and disease wracked the Stygian Caldera. Though some Sith continued to oppose the Republic occupation in the Sith Worlds on the battlefield, many Sith-blooded refugees fled to outlying worlds as diverse as Dromund Kaas, Thule, Ambria, Vjun, and Tund, persisting in isolation in remote corners far from the Republic.
- "The Sorcerers saw their abilities as a kind of magic, and presented themselves to the galaxy at large as powerful wizards...The Jedi Order...recognized their field of study as training in the Force..."
- ―An extract from Tionne Solusar's 40 BBY compendium, Jedi vs. Sith: The Essential Guide to the Force
During the post-Manderon period, the disparate groups of Sith present on Tund coalesced into a single cultural entity, eventually giving birth to a unique sect of Force users known as the Sorcerers of Tund around the time of the Third Great Schism. In keeping with the traditional kratocracy that characterized the prevailing cultural mores of the Sith species, this order of Force-sensitives eventually came to rule Tund as a magocratic cabal in the centuries that followed its founding.
The unique society of the Sorcerers of Tund combined the disciplines of science, ontology, and magic, leading both outsiders and the Sorcerers themselves to view their refined power in the Force as something akin to arcane wizardry. Like their pureblooded progenitors of old, the Sorcerers of Tund likewise rejected the light side/dark side duality of the Force and proclaimed that the omnipresence of "the Unity" as evidenced in all sentient lifeforms illuminated the deceptions of duality and multiplicity as espoused by more conventional Forceful schools of thought. The Sorcerers' cosmology portrayed life—and by extension, the Force—as perfectly balanced and harmonious and considered the existence of true opposites as little more than an illusion.
Though Tund's population of Sith had managed to avoid detection by the Jedi during post–Great Hyperspace War counterinvasion, the Order eventually took note of the Sorcerers of Tund during the post-Manderon period, recognizing their refined magical powers as a form of Force-sensitivity. The Jedi occasionally sent emissaries and Jedi recruiters to Tund in the hopes of persuading the Sorcerers to eschew their trappings of magic and mysticism, embrace a more conventional understanding of the Force, and join the Jedi Order. Such conversion attempts were repeatedly rebuffed by the Sorcerers, who believed that only those of Sith blood could grasp the Force's true nature.
Inter-Sith Wars period
- "Deep in the Outer Rim's Centrality, [the Sorcerers] practice a secretive and malevolent style of Force manipulation, which they characterize as spellcasting. The Council has tried to recruit them, but without success."
- ―An extract from Chief Librarian Restelly Quist's "The History of the Sith" as published in The Jedi Path: A Manual for Students of the Force
Unable to successfully convert the Sorcerers, the Jedi High Council eventually opted to simply leave the Tundan Sith in peace to continue studying the Force in their own fashion. The Order as a whole subsequently came to view the Sorcerers of Tund as just another Force sect akin to the Jal Shey and Zeison Sha, and were content to send occasional observers to Tund to ensure that the Sorcerers did not delve too deeply into the concerted study of the dark side. Despite their differences of belief, the Jedi Order and the Sorcerers of Tund managed to peacefully coexist without tension for some time.
Around the time of the Great Sith War, a Sith Offshoot named Karnak Tetsu, to whom was applied the epithet "the Maleficent" in subsequent years, ascended to the rulership of the Sorcerers of Tund. An enigmatic figure possessed of great power in the Force, Tetsu's tenure as leader of the Sorcerers was a reign of terror characterized by the study and practice of a malevolent style of Force manipulation. The Force sect as a whole gradually shifted towards the dark side under Tetsu's rule. In response, the restored Jedi Order, having rebounded from near-extinction in the aftermath of the First Jedi Purge and Dark Wars, condemned the Sorcerers and recategorized the group's hermetica and associated doctrine as unqualified heresy.
Great Peace of the Republic
Over time, as wars with the mainline Sith factions continued to dominate the Jedi Order's attentions, fewer and fewer Jedi observers were sent to Tund to monitor the Sorcerers. The last recorded visit to Tund by emissaries of the Order occurred more than a thousand years before the Battle of Yavin, sometime prior to the defeat of Skere Kaan and the end of the Ruusan campaign. Tionne Solusar, in her 40 ABY compendium titled Jedi vs. Sith: The Essential Guide to the Force, posited that the Jedi may have sought to enlist the Sorcerers in their fight against the Sith, though the nature of their final visit to Tund remained a subject of speculation alone.
The Jedi Order eventually forgot about the existence of the Sorcerers altogether by the time of the Great Peace of the Republic, leaving the Sith-blooded Force users in isolation on their backwater world. However, the Order of the Sith Lords, a vestigial remnant of the mainline Sith that persisted in secret through the Golden Age of the Old Republic, were aware of the existence of the Sorcerers and familiar with the history of prominent members like Tetsu. Though Darth Plagueis, the presiding Dark Lord of the Banite Sith, dismissed the Sorcerers as a "cult," his apprentice, Darth Sidious, recognized the Sorcerers' religious teachings as archaic interpretations of ancient Sith doctrine and harbored a desire to possess the Sorcerers' secrets for himself.
In 45 BBY, a pair of comets struck the planet Toong'L, poisoning the world and forcing its native population of Toongs to relocate offworld. Many refugees of this species ended up colonizing nearby Tund, grateful for its small population and jungle biomes. Culturally reticent towards outsiders by nature, the Sorcerers of Tund did not take kindly to the presence of non-Sith on their ancestral homeworld, and spent the next several decades persecuting the Toongs. The Supreme Chancellor Palpatine, secretly Darth Sidious, readily capitalized upon the outrage their actions generated in the Galactic Senate. Encouraging the public perception of the Sorcerers as self-important charlatans, Palpatine used the persecution of the Toongs as a pretext to intervene on Tund, though the agents he sent to the planet instead secretly scoured the world for hidden Sith knowledge.
- "I don't see potential for recruitment here. The Navy can contain Tund."
- ―Handwritten notes by Emperor Palpatine dismissing the possibility of enlisting the Sorcerers of Tund as Dark Side Adepts
Despite his awareness of the fact that the doctrine of the Sorcerers of Tund was based on ancient Sith teachings, the newly crowned Emperor Palpatine dismissed the possibility of recruiting the Sorcerers to serve as Dark Side Adepts of the Galactic Empire, considering instead deploying the Imperial Navy to blockade Tund and confine the Sorcerers to their homeworld. Nonetheless, the Emperor retained a strong interest the Sorcerers and the acquisition of their hoarded dark-sided lore during the Imperial Period.
Sometime prior to 5 BBY, Rokur Gepta, a snail-like Croke hailing from the Unknown Regions, managed to apply his species's natural powers of illusion and shapeshifting to a successful infiltration of the Sorcerers. The Croke studied the group's Sith teachings and co-opted its secrets for his own purposes during his tenure on Tund. Once he had learned all he could from his teachers, Gepta unleashed a biological weapon and an electromagnetic torpedo upon Tund. The resultant green fire generated by the weapons eradicated all life on the planet and poisoned its atmosphere, rendering the irradiated husk of Tund uninhabitable.
Either in exchange for Tundan secrets or out of respect for the Croke's abilities, Emperor Palpatine eventually named Gepta the presiding Scrivinir of the Centrality and provided him a decommissioned Imperial cruiser named the Wennis with which to consolidate his control over the remote region of space. The Croke often returned Tund in the days that followed, meditating in a small enclave protected from the radioactive atmosphere by a system of force fields. Though the Croke harbored ambitions of overthrowing Palpatine and ruling the galaxy in his stead, Gepta was eventually killed in single combat with Lando Calrissian less than a year after Tund's destruction, bringing an end to the ancient order of Force users to which he had belonged.
- "Following the invasion of Korriban by the Rakata, the Sith gained access to their rudimentary hyperspace technology, and carried these scripts to worlds such as Ziost, Jaguada, and Tund."
- ―A mention of Tund extracted from an article "The Written Word" by Dr. Milanda Vorgan, 38 ABY
In 38 ABY, the world was mentioned in the xenolinguist Doctor Milanda Vorgan's article "The Written Word: A Brief Introduction to the Writing Systems of Galactic Basic."
- "To the best of my knowledge, nobody was ever sure what species the Tund wizards were, or even if they were all members of the same species. But I knew a thing or two about the sorcerers, like that they're boringly mysterious and given to flashy entrances..."
- ―Extract from Lando Calrissian's 22 ABY memoir, How to Succeed in Everything
Immediately prior to its destruction at the hands of Rokur Gepta in 5 BBY, the planet Tund boasted a total population of eighteen million sentients. The species mix primarily consisted of approximately thirteen million, one hundred and forty thousand Toong (seventy-three percent of the population); one million, two hundred and sixty thousand pureblooded Sith (seven percent); and a diverse assortment of other species numbering approximately three million, six hundred thousand beings (twenty percent).
The pureblooded Sith residents of Tund were the descendants of several disparate groups; namely, the original Kissai heretics banished from Korriban after the death of Sith King Adas, the outcasts exiled from the ancient Sith Empire prior to the arrival of the Dark Jedi Exiles, the half-breed Sith-Human exiles who settled Tund during the era of the old Sith Empire, and the various Sith-blooded refugees who flocked to the planet in the years following the Great Hyperspace War. Of these Sith, the Force-using Sorcerers of Tund constituted the magocratic cabal that ruled the planet for much of its modern history. The Sorcerers presented themselves as magic-wielding wizards to the outside galaxy, and spent much of their time at their monastic enclaves in concerted study of the Force and in the perfecting of dark-sided rituals.
Towards the end of its recorded history, the planet hosted a sizable population of Toong who settled Tund in the aftermath of their homeworld's destruction. Drawn to the planet for its small population and jungle environment, the Toong found themselves in conflict with the native Sith-blooded Tundan natives, but persisted on the planet despite their persecution at the hands of the Sorcerers of Tund. Among the more notable members of this Toong diaspora was Ben Quadinaros, a male Toong who participated in the 32 BBY Boonta Eve Classic podracing championship on Tatooine.
Though Old High Trammic—a language derived from the ancient tongue of the Sharu—saw regular use as the common trade language of the Centrality sector, a number of other diverse languages were likewise spoken with some degree of regularity on Tund prior to its destruction. While the Sith-blooded population of Tund primarily spoke the ancient Sith language, the Sorcerers of Tund likewise employed Tundan, a language that also saw usage by certain offworld Force users and poets. The Toong population primarily spoke their native language Toongese.
An isolated planet far from the major population centers of the Centrality, Tund was a shadowy world largely unprobed by the greater galactic community. During its protracted tenure as the headquarters and homeworld of the Sorcerers of Tund, the planet's surface played host to a number of isolated monastic enclaves in which the Sith-blooded Sorcerers studied the mystical arts and searched for a better understanding of the galaxy and the powers that held it together. These structures, similar in purpose to the ancient Sith library-temples that once dotted the Sith Worlds, often took the form of inverted conical towers overlooking the planet's varied forests and escarpments.
With the planet's subsequent colonization by Toong refugees fleeing the destruction of their homeworld Toong'L in 45 BBY, the planet likewise came to a host a number of Toong settlements scattered throughout the planet's jungle biospheres. Toong structures on Tund generally took the form of multi-level circular buildings crowned with green domes, adorned with copious arches and a multiplicity of windows, and surrounded by decorative fences and gates.
Behind the scenes
The PC game Star Wars: Rebellion mistakenly places Tund in the Xappyh sector. In early scripts of Star Wars: Episode I The Phantom Menace, the podracer pilot Slide Paramita was said to have originated from Tund. However, Paramita was ultimately cut from the script and Tund was repurposed to serve as the homeworld of the Toong podracer pilot Ben Quadinaros.
The question of Tund's status as a formal member world of the Sith Empire has never been directly addressed by any Legends source, despite a multiplicity of reference materials both confirming some degree of affiliation between the two groups and corroborating the Empire's usage of the world as a penal colony for Sith-blooded outcasts and heretics. However, Daniel Wallace, co-author of The Essential Atlas, indicated in private correspondence that though he was unsure whether he personally drafted the lore behind the Atlas's entry on Tund, it is his unofficial opinion that Tund was likely a formal member world of the Sith Empire. His personal take on the subject of Tund's status seems to be tacitly corroborated by the various other references to Tund and the Sith Empire scattered throughout the Atlas's contents.
- Star Wars: The Old Republic (Mentioned only)
- Star Wars: The Old Republic Cartel Market
- Darth Plagueis (Mentioned only)
- Darth Plagueis audiobook (Mentioned only)
- Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace junior novel (Mentioned only)
- Lando Calrissian and the Flamewind of Oseon (First mentioned)
- Lando Calrissian and the Starcave of ThonBoka (First appearance)
- Star Wars: Rebellion
- Star Wars Gamemaster Screen, Revised
- Star Wars: Rebellion: Prima's Official Strategy Guide
- The Dark Side Sourcebook
- Ultimate Alien Anthology
- "Unseen Planets of Episode I" – Star Wars Insider 56
- Star Wars Roleplaying Game Core Rulebook
- Knights of the Old Republic Campaign Guide
- The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia
- The Essential Atlas
- The Jedi Path: A Manual for Students of the Force
- Book of Sith: Secrets from the Dark Side
- Star Wars: Edge of the Empire Core Rulebook
- Star Wars: Age of Rebellion Core Rulebook
Notes and references
- The Essential Atlas
- The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia, Vol. III, p. 267 ("Tund")
- Jedi vs. Sith: The Essential Guide to the Force
- Jedi Academy Training Manual
- Ultimate Alien Anthology
- Tacitly implied by means of the adjectival form "Tundan" being used to describe both the Tundan language and Karnak Tetsu's Tundan robes mentioned in Web Enhancement 5.
- A Campaign Guide to the Centrality"—Star Wars Gamer 5 "
- The New Essential Guide to Characters
- The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia, Vol. II, p. 227 ("Korriban")
- Book of Sith: Secrets from the Dark Side
- Star Wars: The Old Republic—Codex: "Galactic History 05: Rise of the Infinite Empire"
- The Jedi Path: A Manual for Students of the Force
- Star Wars: The Old Republic Encyclopedia
- Star Wars: The Old Republic—Codex: "Galactic History 30: Rise of the Sith Emperor"
- Geonosis and the Outer Rim Worlds
- The Essential Atlas maintains the Sorcerers arose after 5000 BBY, with The New Essential Guide to Characters additionally clarifying that the group's inception occurred around the time of one of the Great Schisms. The only Great Schism that occurred between 5000 BBY and the rise of Karnak Tetsu, the earliest Sorcerer of Tund named in Legends canon who lived around the time of the Dark Wars of 3955 BBY, was the Third Great Schism of 4250 BBY.
- The Dark Side Sourcebook
- Darth Plagueis
- The New Essential Chronology
- Star Wars: Episode I The Phantom Menace
- Knights of the Old Republic Campaign Guide
- Tales of the Jedi Companion | <urn:uuid:29865167-8ff9-4326-9055-efa7c8447e1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Tund/Legends | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.941182 | 5,985 | 2.5625 | 3 |
By John Hales, Global Knowledge VMware, SDN and SoftLayer instructor, A+, Network+, CTT+, MCSE, MCDBA, MOUS, VCP, VCAP, VCI, EMCSA
In reviewing the list of best paying jobs in IT, you’ll see some areas you might expect like cloud computing and other areas you probably didn’t, like business technology or enterprise infrastructure management.
The top 10 functional areas are based on the 2016 IT Skills and Salary Survey conducted by Global Knowledge in October 2015. Note that all references to “average” represent the mean, not the median or other statistical measures.
1. Cloud Computing - $115,826
At the top of the list of best paying certifications, which probably comes as no surprise, is cloud computing. Cloud computing job roles can be focused on creating off-site backup systems or disaster recovery plans to rebuilding applications to function optimally in the cloud and everything in between.
Many, many companies want to get into the cloud but really don’t understand what it is, how it works, and how it will help them. At the same time, many in IT fear that the cloud will lead to job losses and are pushing back, trying to slow or stop cloud adoption.
With revolutionary technology, keep in mind that as supply and demand come into balance, salaries tend to fall into the more normal range for IT jobs. The early leaders, on the other hand, have become bigger experts and can thus still command higher wages or they move on to the next emerging trend and make money there. The nice thing about this field is that you can get started now and it doesn’t take years or decades to become an expert and make a very good salary.
View our Cloud Computing course here.
2. IT Architecture - $113,499
The next area is IT architecture. You may be thinking, how is this the second on the list with the cloud changes just discussed? This is for two reasons.
First, there are still many, many companies with on-site IT infrastructure that needs to be maintained and updated to prepare for the future. Most people in this role have worked their way up from the help desk, to administrator to architect. They command a higher salary because they have been around longer.
The second reason is the move to the cloud. There is a huge demand for those that can design IT architectures in the cloud as well as those that can span both on-site and cloud based deployments and have them work together seamlessly. This area is much newer and thus supply is much lower than demand, thus driving salaries up.
In terms of interest from businesses, it is the third largest area, behind cloud computing at 35 percent, according to Global Knowledge’s survey. While not specifically listed in the survey, probably a large driver in this area is the integration with and/or migration to the cloud.
What does this mean to you? Now is a good time to look to add to your skills for greater job security and even greater wealth. Also, understanding how things work in the cloud and how you can leverage cloud strengths to meet business goals is a great place to find lots of work at high salaries. It would be good to understand scripting languages like Python and PowerShell, automation techniques like Chef, Puppet or Ansible, and/or networking tools such as load balancers, routers, and firewalls.
View our Enterprise Architecture courses here.
3. IT Security - $104,949
With all of the news articles on data breaches, theft of social security numbers, credit cards and phishing attacks, this is probably the biggest area of concern for all businesses, large and small, on premises, in the cloud, or a hybrid of both. In fact, for businesses, this area tops the list of interested topics at 43 percent, according to the survey.
With all the demand for security, why isn’t this the first item in the list from a salary perspective? Demand still outstrips supply, but not as much as with cloud computing. For you, this means that cybersecurity is a great field to be in and will continue to be so far into the future.
Jobs are available with private businesses of all sizes, government agencies, and the military. In fact, several countries including the U.S. have created divisions in the military specifically designed around cyber warfare, offensively and/or defensively. That’s the good news. The bad news is that it often takes years of experience to get a job in this field, especially if you are looking to be certified and/or work at a higher level in roles such as chief security officer or chief information officer. That shouldn’t deter you from starting, however, if this is interesting to you, especially if you are young and want to get experience in the military.
View our Cybersecurity courses here.
4. Business Technology - $101,663
Business technology is fourth on the list. This area encompasses a bunch of tools and applications that a business can use to make better decisions, plan for the future, etc. Among the application categories that fall into this list are enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), predictive analysis, and enterprise feedback management.
These are the technologies that are customer focused to make their interactions with the business better and to make the business more agile. Even with a six-figure salary for all those employed in this field, the money spent is returned many times over. As far as business interest goes, it is 16th on the list, reported by 15 percent of companies.
How can you use this information? You can learn one or more of the applications listed here (or other similar ones in use in your organization or that have a large market share) and combine that with some business knowledge and some IT knowledge for a rewarding career. This may work out very well for those who already have business and/or IT knowledge and want to branch out to the intersection of those two fields.
View our IT Best Practices courses here.
5. Enterprise Infrastructure Management - $101,390
Enterprise infrastructure management finds itself midway down the list of best paying jobs in IT. Typically, this is thought of in terms of on premises monitoring. But as companies move to the cloud, they also need to be monitoring within the cloud, ideally having a single management tool that can monitor both or at least report on both.
This is not a very exciting field to work in (until something breaks – then it can be very exciting!), but is critical for the operation of IT resources, and thus for the business. It is thus not a huge area for business, but an important one nonetheless.
If you are already in this space, you might want to study how enterprise infrastructure management is done in the cloud and broaden your skill set in preparation for the future. If you are looking to move from a help desk or administrator role, you might consider studying the implementation of monitoring in the cloud and/or with hybrid cloud to maximize your employability and salary as quickly as possible.
View our Enterprise Architecture courses here.
6. Java Developers - $99,763
Java is a very popular programming language – one of the most popular in the world. It is cross platform and runs on everything from mobile phones, and car and airplane entertainment systems to mobile devices like smartphones and tablets to PCs and Macs. It is used in writing the many applications we often use, on websites and is the widely used in cloud computing. It has been around since 1995. There are 1 billion downloads of the platform every year and over 3 billion mobile phones alone run Java.
As far as business interest goes, it is 25th on the list at 7 percent. That doesn’t mean that there isn’t a need for developers (the salary alone bears this out), but rather many companies may already have a Java developers group with existing projects that need to be maintained and upgraded making this area still important but not the high growth area it once was. For you this means that Java still pays very well and its widespread use makes it a great language to be able to program in if programming is your interest.
View our Java Programming courses here.
7. Project / Program Management - $98,607
While project management is not necessarily related to IT projects, it can be. A specialized sub area called ITIL® is often closely related in the IT arena. ITIL covers general project management, but also IT management specifically and thus has broad appeal.
Current estimates project over 1 million project management jobs in the U.S. alone will need to be filled annually and that this area tends to grow even as other areas in a company are being reduced. The 2016 salary survey showed, as past years have as well, that project and program managers are paid well. It is the one field that isn’t necessarily technical like the other areas in the survey that made the top 10 list.
If you are looking for a field that outlasts the latest IT fad, this may be for you. You typically start your career in junior positions assisting others with more senior roles and/or working a subset of a project and can grow to encompass very complex, multinational projects. Typically, those in this area have years of experience, so don’t be discouraged if it takes several years to move up in this area.
How can you progress in this field? First, consider what kind of projects you would like to manage and work on gaining at least a high level understanding of the terms and concepts used in that field. Second, and maybe even more importantly, you should also work on your people skills to better work with a broad array of people that need to be managed and reported to.
The most common areas listed in the survey that non-IT people indicated that they planned on studying include communications (48 percent), interpersonal skills (42 percent), leadership (42 percent), risk management (41 percent), and presentation skills (percent).
View our Project Management courses here.
8. Data Warehousing / Business Intelligence (BI) - $93,522
Data Warehousing (DW) is storing the vast quantities of data that a business generates, while business intelligence (BI) analyzes that data for information that may be useful for the business. Big data is a related field that involves the gathering and analysis of vast quantities of information, is a huge growth area.
Big data’s challenges include not only how to collect and store so much information, but how to analyze, visualize and search it. Sample use cases of big data producers and the associated needs to use it are for live traffic information, science projects and search engine use. It is a huge growth area – it is estimated that the worldwide demand is around 4.5 million jobs, but only about a third of them are actually filled due to the lack of people with the necessary skills and qualifications.
There is demand for people with these skills, especially for those looking to gather and store data in the cloud and/or to migrate an existing data warehouse to a cloud provider. You might consider getting certified as a data analyst or in big data to further your career prospects. Some of these are industry certifications while others are college degrees at the bachelor or master level. Most often are Ph.D. data scientists. Earning your Ph.D. is a great way to differentiate yourself from everyone else, but takes years of effort and a lot of money to obtain.
View our Analytics and Data Management courses here.
9. Business Application Development - $92,037
Business application development is basically a term for developers (programmers) who create applications for the business. They may create applications for internal use or they could create them for customer use. They use many different languages, including Java, .NET, C/C+, or HTML5 depending on the needs of the business. This is the job role for programmers instead of the IT people described in most of the other roles in this document.
If you are a programmer or want to be one, this is your field. Decide on what kinds of applications you want to specialize in such as web-based, OS (PC, Mac, or Linux) or mobile (iOS or Android) and optionally an area that fits your background and interests for more specialization, which often increases pay.
View our complete Application Development curriculum here.
10. Voice Engineering - $91,489
One of the popular changes today in business is using Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). The idea is to use Internet bandwidth for phone calls instead of paying the traditional telephone companies for phone calls. This technology can dramatically reduce the price of phone calls, which is why businesses love it.
To make it work well, however, requires some effort by those tasked with implementing it. The tasks include determining how much bandwidth will be needed for these calls (and possibly their close relative video phone calls) and then working with the network engineering team to make sure this bandwidth is guaranteed to the phone system so that calls sound just as good as traditional land lines offered by the phone companies. They are also interested in call security and so may work on the company’s Internet security team as well. They usually have expertise with IP phones and the back-end systems required to implement, maintain and troubleshoot voice calls.
Many companies are looking to change from traditional phone systems and many others want to upgrade old IP-based ones to newer models. They also want specialists to monitor and maintain them so that they have great call quality, just at a lower cost to the company.
If you are interested in phone systems and this subspecialty of networking, you can get certified on the various systems fairly quickly. Obviously, knowing more about security and general networking will also be helpful in securing the best jobs.
There are many fields of expertise that can provide a six-figure salary. Realize that not all these jobs start in the six figures, but that the salaries are the averages, with some people just starting out and others having decades of experience. In any case, the only way to get one of these jobs is by having the right experience and training, so get started!
View our Unified Communications courses here. | <urn:uuid:020418e7-1bb8-4663-9421-9775afa12933> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalknowledge.com/us-en/resources/resource-library/articles/best-paying-jobs-in-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.959381 | 2,923 | 1.882813 | 2 |
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