text
stringlengths 160
608k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 2
values | url
stringlengths 13
2.97k
| file_path
stringlengths 125
140
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 48
145k
| score
float64 1.5
5
| int_score
int64 2
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
With the ongoing spread of coronavirus, government guidance is changing rapidly. In many countries, healthy individuals are being asked for the first time to avoid unnecessary public exposure, for example at large gatherings, on public transport and in the workplace.
As a result, many businesses around the world are now either planning for or actively implementing a business model involving far more remote workers than they had ever anticipated. IT and management teams are hard at work on the infrastructure and organization to facilitate this. In the rush to keep businesses working, there is a significant risk that security will not be properly thought through.
This article focuses on cyber security in the time of coronavirus and the steps organisations can take to mitigate the risks.
• Changing working patterns.
• Good business cyber security practices.
• Areas to consider when planning or deploying remote working capabilities.
• Securing employee connections.
• Preparing for the worst. | <urn:uuid:d2825f4f-0e47-4a5f-a98c-474cee12f2f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.insurancehound.co.uk/technology/it-planning/cyber-security-time-coronavirus-33366 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.945595 | 190 | 2.28125 | 2 |
The neo-classical age place the epic at the top of the hierarchy of various poetic compositions. This leads the poets of the late 17th and early 18th century to attempt to write Epic poetry. Dryden instead chooses a mock-heroic trend as a means of representing and satirizing especially different socio-political ages. A mock-epic or the mock-heroic imitates the elaborate form and ceremonious style of the epic genre but usually applies them to a commonplace or trivial subject matter.
Dryden wrote this poem in an eloquent flexible, cogent yet controversial poem. According to David Daiches Dryden build on the ‘Reform of our members’ the perfect wase poetic style. Dr. Johnson Heiled Dryden and said that Dryden was the founder of the “new verification” and with him, it is apparent that English poetry has did not tend to revert to its former savageness. Johnson also remarked that before Dryden no poetical diction, no refined use of words was appropriated to arts. Critics have stated that it was in Dryden’s prologue and epilogue two places that he achieved that great strength. He could be Ironic, satirical, critical, humorous, or indent in a variety of ways. Absalom and Achitophel is a famous example of Dryden’s clear summative statement and the greatest achievement of his argumentative verse. The style of poem is essentially heroic which means that the plot, the character, the wit, the passion, and the description are all amplified above the level of common conversation. The style is best adapted to the biblical allegory and a narrative of great political evils during 17th century England.
Charles II had no legitimate son after him his brother James was supposed to sit on the throne. The plot was made to exclude him from the throne and create the atmosphere to make the Duke of Monmouth sit on the throne, this controversy was called the Popish plot by Titus Oatis.
Absalom and achitophel was published in 1681. Absalom and Achitophel was a contribution to the debate on public affairs in the form of verse satire. Dryden’s reason and intents were all on the side of legitimate and settled government so that the whig agitation to exclude from the succession. Charles II heir and his brother James on the ground that he was a Roman Catholic. And to encourage Charles’s legitimate son the Duke of Monument to assert his claim found Dryden on the Jory side. Supporting legality and the true succession protectants whig agitation in favor of exclusion of James from the succession was led by Earl of Shaftesbury and the Duke of Buckingham. Dryden took the biblical story of the rebellion of Absalom against his father King David and applied it to the contemporary situation with Charles II. | <urn:uuid:5088e2e6-eff4-4083-9d66-849404629c8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eduindex.org/2021/07/05/overview-of-absalom-and-achitophel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.971877 | 603 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Money talk with your teenager, we all know It can be hard to get the message across to your teens; they’re starting to really discover the world, get their own opinions, and they don’t really want to listen to dear old dad anymore. It can be a hard thing to come to terms with, but meeting your teen in the middle, and employing new methods to really teach them what they need to know, like how to manage their time, is key.
And one of the biggest things that you’re going to need to teach your teen about is money. Some kids tend to be naturally money savvy, and some kids tend to spend frivolously without a care in the world – balancing between these two states is what you’re aiming for here! So, let’s go through some of the best ways to help your teens see this path for themselves.
Using Pocket Money to Set a Standard
Pocket money is something a lot of kids and teens alike receive. Whether it be a weekly or monthly allowance that’s unconditional in nature, or it be a reward for taking on chores and jobs around the house, it’s totally normal to let your children have money of their own. Once you hand it over, it’s theirs, and they can do what they want with it. Whether they save it up, or spend it all at once, is totally their prerogative. But that might unsettle you a little, especially if you’re not sure what they do with the money you give them! And that’s why it’s key to set a healthy boundary here without overstepping, and use pocket money to set a standard. Most of all, you’ll want to make sure that any pocket money is earned, and provide your teen plenty of opportunities to earn it – make sure the value of the monetary reward is worth the work too, to make sure your teen really starts to value what they’re capable of doing!
Go Through Budget Templates with Them
Budgeting is something we all need to learn, sooner rather than later, to make sure the money we do have goes in the right places. And seeing as your teen is being fed and clothed (predominantly) by you right now, it might be hard to get them to see the value of money in these areas without a worksheet in a familiar format.
Most of all, you need to get in the mind of your teen here. What do they enjoy doing that costs money? Well, most teens want to buy their own things, and go out with their friends, and that’s what you need to focus on here. They get pocket money, which they earn, and now they need to learn how to allocate these funds, because you’re not going to pay for that cinema trip for them!
Budget templates are easy to come by – you can find plenty online, and there’s quite a few teen orientated versions as well. After all, most teens are either visual learners, or learn by doing, and giving them something tangible to track their progress on is going to keep them on track in a much better manner. Work through it with them, and take your time on each section.
Saving Money on the Big Life Expenses
Big life expenses are going to come your teen’s way one day, and they need to be prepared to cope with them. From obtaining a renewable income, to paying for a home of their own, or a family, or even just a car they’ve always wanted, the big expenses are something they can only dream about right now, and it’s your job to show them how to make them a reality.
Most of all, you need to show them how to budget for expenses like these in the near or distant future, and how to save money along the way, as well as save money when they’re putting down their investments. Think about the way you once afforded all you have in life, and learn from your successes and mistakes along the way, and make sure your teen knows all about them. The next generation shouldn’t have to pave their own way entirely blind! Now, depending on the age of your teen, learning to drive and getting a car of their own is the closest big expense to them right now. So why not use it as a learning experience? After all, they’re going to have to start paying for the upkeep of the vehicle, even if you buy it for them, and teaching them about fuel savings and loyalty programs, or wheel and tyre packages that’ll make car maintenance a lot cheaper to keep up with, is key for getting them in the right headspace.
Make Sure You’re Setting an Example
And finally, we come to quite possibly the hardest part of teaching your teen the value of money – setting a good example yourself. Because you’re going to have ups and downs with your own financial wellbeing, and it’s going to cause you stress, and you’re going to make some silly decisions sometimes. However, instead of hiding these from your teen, let them in a little. Make sure they know what’s going on in your financial life, even if it’s less then rosy – it’ll certainly help to serve a learning curve, and it’ll present the realness of money and how it affects our lives. Sure, you don’t have to properly scare them here, but be sure not to lie to them either.
It might be easier than you think to teach your teen the value of money. Teach them about budgeting, get them ready for the big expenses in life, and make sure that pocket money they get sets some kind of financial standard they can use to their advantage! And if all else fails, make sure you don’t easily bail them out – make sure they learn something from what went wrong, and coach them towards the right answer next time.
Post contribute by Mike Gene | <urn:uuid:e325876a-e00b-48f1-817c-d05fc21b3739> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://swaggerdad.com/2020-12-16-teaching-your-teens-the-value-of-money/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.969465 | 1,254 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Your web browser "Internet Explorer" is outdated and has not received any new features since 2016.
There will be display errors on this website!
Swiss Can Machinery develops and manufactures machines and components for filling and closing cans and jars filled with powder and dry products. A major component of these filling and closing machines is the high precision WIPOTEC Weighing Technology, which is responsible for reliably ejecting all products that have an incorrect weight.
Powdered milk is a difficult product to handle, especially when the filling properties can vary drastically depending on the production conditions. In addition to the unusual technical aspects of filling and closing, the weight control of the individual powdered milk cans by means of high precision weighing technology plays a decisive role. CEO Michael Grabher remembers: "Facing constantly changing start parameters in terms of the product to be processed, we were compelled to formulate special requirements, which our previous technology partner was unable to satisfy from a product line of standard balances." Contacting WIPOTEC was the next logical step.
The containers to be filled by this state-of-the-art filling and closing system are first blown out with ionized air and then sterilized while being transported through a UV tunnel. Subsequently, while still upside down, the cans reach the filling station in two lanes where they are filled and an inert gas is introduced before the missing bottom parts are attached. Immediately thereafter, the machine closes the cans (up to 80 pcs. per minute) and their weight is determined with the greatest precision.
To accomplish this, the containers move in succession to the WIPOTEC weighing belt, below which a precision Weigh Cell that performs its very accurate service is mounted. In just fractions of a second, the Weigh Cell EC-FS measures the exact weight of each can and compares the actual values to the predefined setting in the system. If the weight is correct (or within the permissible tolerance), the product remains in the lane where the goods are subsequently labeled and prepared for shipment. If, on the other hand, the weight fluctuation is too great, the WIPOTEC weighing technology activates the ejection mechanism that reliably separates the faulty unit. This process prevents products with an incorrect weight from reaching the marketplace. Taking packaging regulations into consideration, this spares the manufacturer customer complaints and costly recall actions. Furthermore, the highly accurate weight check prevents continuous overfill of the containers and saves the manufacturer valuable product content.
As all Weigh Cells from technology leader WIPOTEC, this model also operates on the principle of Electro-Magnetic Force Compensation (EMFC). The basic principle can be compared to a simple beam balance. As the weight force is applied to one side of the balance, the coil installed on the other side of the balance is forced out of the magnetic field. An optical positioning system senses the smallest displacement and reports this to a high precision control system that readjusts the compensation current and restores equilibrium to the balance. This compensation current is measured through a precision resistor and further processed by a micro-processor system for immediate output as a digital weight value. WIPOTEC EMFC Weigh Cells provide the decisive advantage of having a very short settling time. They are extremely fast and supply highly accurate weight values. Furthermore, they provide space and cost savings and are easily integrated into existing systems. On request, WIPOTEC Weigh Cells can be fitted with AVC Technology (Active Vibration Compensation). AVC provides the foundation for accurate and instantaneous weight measurements even at sites that are subject to external disturbance sources (vibrations from machinery or local conditions).
"The switch to WIPOTEC has been more than paid off for us," says Michael Grabher with satisfaction. "Our customers always demand the latest technology from us so we, in turn, reach out to the best suppliers on the market." The savvy businessman most appreciates WIPOTEC's quality, flexibility, and service. Grabher highlights just how important good partnerships are for himself and his company. "With WIPOTEC as our technology partner, we are well prepared for the future."
Download full text: | <urn:uuid:b70eadde-a3e5-4385-9402-873703727433> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wipotec-wt.com/en/media-library/application-reports/swiss-can-machinery-ag/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942126 | 843 | 1.992188 | 2 |
The leaders of the OPEC+ group, Saudi Arabia and Russia have warned that an imminent supply crunch is inevitable if the world fails to invest enough in new oil and gas projects.
The debate about emissions reduction and the path forward for oil companies moved to a whole new level since the International Energy Agency (IEA) dropped last month the bombshell report suggesting no new investment in oil and gas would be needed if the world is to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.
Environmentalists and activist shareholders intensified pressure on large public oil firms to align their businesses with a net-zero scenario, while some of the international majors acknowledged they have a part to play in the energy transition.
But the leaders of the OPEC+ group, Saudi Arabia and Russia, will continue to invest in oil and gas because, they say, the world will still needs those resources for decades, despite the growing push against fossil fuels and investment in new supply.
Chronic underinvestment in oil and gas supply while operational oilfields mature would lead to a supply crunch and a spike in oil prices down the road, analysts and Big Oil top executives such as TotalEnergies’ Patrick Pouyanné say.
While international oil majors were somewhat more contained in their views on the IEA report—those that commented on it anyway—Saudi Arabia and Russia didn’t beat around the bush and said outright that the suggestion of no new oil and gas investments ever is “unrealistic,” “simplistic,” and taken out of a “La La Land” script.
BP’s chief executive Bernard Looney wrote that forecasts of much lower investments in oil and gas were “in many ways consistent with our approach – to reduce our oil and gas production by 40% in the next decade.” Eni’s CEO Claudio Descalzi commented on Looney’s post that “We are now at a historic turning point, where each of us needs to play an active role.”
But the Saudi Energy Minister, Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, slammed the report in no uncertain terms, saying it was “a sequel of the La La Land movie. Why should I take it seriously?”
In Russia, the chief executive of the largest Russian oil producer, state-controlled Rosneft, warned that underinvestment in oil is setting the stage for a severe deficit in supply.
“[T]he long-term stability of oil supplies is at risk due to underinvestment. This is due to both requirements of various stakeholders to completely cease investments in the petroleum sector and the aspirations of majors to increase shareholder value and shareholder returns through stronger dividend payout and share buyback,” Rosneft’s CEO Igor Sechin said at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum on Saturday.
“The world runs the risk of facing an acute deficit of oil and gas,” Sechin added, noting that “The world consumes oil, but is not ready to invest in it.”
Sechin warned against a rushed transition without considering the economic efficiency of green energy and said that the world should be “avoiding placing focus only on the alternative generation.”
On the sidelines of the same forum, Russia’s top oil policy negotiator, Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak, told CNBC that the IEA report used a “simplistic approach” and was “unrealistic.”
“There is no doubt we need to move in the green energy and toward the green agenda as there is demand for it in society, but we need to be clear what resources this can be done with, who is going to pay for it, what technologies and opportunities we have available to us, including in order to resolve outstanding problems that still await their solutions,” Novak said.
Russia will continue to invest in oil, gas, and coal, alongside investments in renewables, he noted, adding, “so we see the coming decade as using a mix of renewables and fossil fuels.”
Russia, as well as Saudi Arabia, have indeed very little interest in moving away from investments in fossil fuels as they and their state oil firms could be the big winners of the current climate activism against international oil companies, which face growing activist shareholder revolt about “keeping it in the ground.”
Saudi Arabia is “producing oil and gas at low cost and producing renewables. I urge the world to accept this as a reality: that we’re going to be winners of all of these activities,” Saudi Arabia’s Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman said last week. | <urn:uuid:1d7d7379-5382-4ff8-a2ee-a461fefaa02b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dcweekly.org/2021/06/08/saudi-arabia-russia-warn-of-major-oil-supply-crunch-without-new-investments-in-fossil-fuels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.964486 | 963 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Will all these Arizona Bans Work?
Some hotels are already feeling the pain over Arizona's new immigration law SB 1070, but some believe those effects won't last long, NPR reported yesterday. One example is the Clarendon Hotel in Phoenix where 80 rooms--about $8,000 worth--were canceled in one day last week. At the Arizona Inn in Tucson, the owner had a stack of e-mails requesting cancellation. "The small role I can play is not to add my presence as if everything in Arizona is fine. I shall miss visiting the Sonoran Desert and the Arizona Inn," one e-mail read.
A recent Gallup poll, however, may tell a different story. It found last week that more Americans favor the Arizona law than oppose. NPR says some people are now considering moving to the state. And Economist Elliot Pollack told the radio outlet this: "And you know what the long-term impact of those things were? Zero!"
Still, the boycotts continue. The Phoenix Suns will play as Los Suns tonight--a shrewd business move, said one LAist commenter--there are calls to move the next Republican National Convention and Major League Baseball's 2011 All-Star Game out of the state and cities like West Hollywood and San Francisco have established travel bans for city business. A Los Angeles proposal is still making its way through the process.
Governor Jan Brewer is baffled. "Why would they want to hurt the legal citizens? You and I, and everybody else in this state. It doesn't make any sense whatsoever to me." Unemployment in Arizona is already near 10%. | <urn:uuid:4c89177a-0b3a-4df9-8289-67ca7b999da1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://laist.com/news/will-all-these-arizona-bans-work | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.954065 | 325 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Image and text:
courtesy of The Institute of Critical Zoologists.
Figure 2. The author at the 8th Phylliidae Convention with Phyllium S. when he first entered the competition in 1991.
The Great Pretenders, Description Of Some Japanese Phylliidae From The 26th Phylliidae Convention
This paper by Hiroshi Abe, who is the winner of the 2008/9 Phylliidae Convention, reports the results of the 26th Phylliidae Convention in Tokyo, Japan. Five specimens were awarded prizes. Notes on food plants and culture are included, along with a brief guide to the appearance of the adults during the competition. The chief judge also gave his comments on this year’s winning entries. | <urn:uuid:dea6a9a6-69e7-4791-994c-08dc15eeaa8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zoltanjokay.de/2014/02/great-pretenders-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.946028 | 164 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Via the Massachusetts Department of Public Health
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Baker-Polito Administration Announces Availability of Second COVID-19 Booster Dose for Residents 50 and Older and Immunocompromised Individuals
BOSTON (March 30, 2022)— Following updated recommendations from the federal government, the Baker-Polito Administration today announced that all residents aged 50 and older or individuals who are younger with certain medical conditions may now access a second COVID-19 booster. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on Tuesday recommended that certain immunocompromised individuals and all individuals over the age of 50 get an additional booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The decision follows authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a second booster dose for these groups four months after receiving a first booster of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines. Those eligible include:
- Individuals 50 years of age and older at least 4 months after getting a first booster
- Individuals 18 and older with certain medical conditions may get a second Moderna booster at least 4 months after first booster
- Individuals 12 and older with certain medical conditions may get a second Pfizer booster at least 4 months after the first booster.
Separately and in addition, per the CDC, individuals 18 and older who received a primary vaccine and booster dose of Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine at least 4 months ago may now receive a second booster dose using an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
Residents may access booster doses from more than 1,000 locations, with appointments readily available for booking across the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth has capacity to administer over 150,000 boosters weekly across the state.
“Vaccines including boosters are the most effective and widely available tool we have to prevent COVID infection, severe disease, and death,’’ said Dr. Larry Madoff, Medical Director of DPH’s Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences. “It is important that everyone stay up to date on their vaccines. If residents have questions about whether they are eligible to get an additional booster dose, DPH encourages you to talk with your doctor.”
If you are eligible, here are the steps to find a convenient location for getting a second COVID-19 Booster:
- Visit the Vaxfinder tool at vaxfinder.mass.gov for a full list of hundreds of locations to receive a booster and to book an appointment.
- For individuals who are unable to use Vaxfinder, or have difficulty accessing the internet, the COVID-19 Vaccine Resource Line (Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., Saturday and Sunday 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.) is available for assistance by calling 2-1-1 and following the prompts. This service is available in English and Spanish and has translators available in approximately 100 additional languages.
- Individuals with questions about the booster or their eligibility should contact their healthcare provider.
Vaccines are widely available across the Commonwealth. Getting vaccinated remains the most important thing individuals can do to protect themselves, their families, and their community. Fully vaccinated residents should receive a COVID-19 booster shot when they are eligible to increase their protection against COVID-19 and its variants.
The COVID-19 booster is safe, effective, and free. Additional information on the COVID-19 booster, including FAQs, can be found at mass.gov/COVID19booster.
Massachusetts leads the nation in vaccine administration, over 80% of the eligible population (5+) is fully vaccinated, and more than half are boosted. According to Bloomberg, the Commonwealth currently ranks 5th in the nation for percent of population with a booster dose. | <urn:uuid:deff6c96-766c-44a8-a1c6-e1688ebf2359> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chatham-ma.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=117 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.921483 | 795 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Mills asks the kids a series of questions about how the world will change in the future and how they feel about technology. The kids' parents include Google's cafeteria line cooks, an Apple engineer, a Cisco worker, a customer service person, an entrepreneur, and a PR person at a tiny start-up.
Among the interesting answers about what the kids think the world will look like were theories that there would be a lot more technology and art and danger, but less natural wildlife. One kid noted that the world would be trashed unless we figure out a way to fix global warming and that the world would run out of fossil fuels. Another kid commented that regular "farming by hand" wouldn't exist.
Still another commented that "in the time of Socrates they were much smarter because they used their brain more." The same kid noted that we now make computers do things for us and "that's the good part, we won't have to use our brains." One kid speculated that everyone in the future would talk like Biff's grandson from Back to the Future.
An aspect of the interview that will surprise precisely nobody was the amount of technology our kids have. One girl answered that she has an "iPhone, iPad, two iPod Touches, iPod Nano, a desktop..." But what was interesting to me was the kids' hyperawareness that technology may have a detrimental impact and their expectation that it would.
Many of the kids thought the world would be overrun with technology in the future. One said that people would have less personal interaction and say hi to each other from computers, even though social skills develop better "in-person."
Another kid speculated people wouldn't be as good looking because they would work from home and have conference calls through the television, while sitting on the couch. They probably wouldn't speak well because they would just be typing. In spite of their opinions that technology may have harmful effects in the future, most of the kids wanted to keep some form of technology when asked to choose what they would keep, if they could only keep one possession.
According to Mike Mills in an interview with journalist Gideon Lewis-Kraus, the kids in Silicon Valley had a more bleak vision about the world's future than kids he interviewed in Silver Lake (LA). If you're interested, you can listen to a podcast of an interview with Mike Mills by journalist Gideon Lewis-Kraus or read it here. (Access details through July 1 also available there).
Hope you're enjoying Father's Day. | <urn:uuid:69e635ed-22d7-4a3b-b724-0e5939fc1bee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://paloaltoonline.com/blogs/p/2014/06/15/mike-mills--short-film-a-mind-forever-voyaging-through-strange-seas-of-thought-alone | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.978673 | 510 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is among the oldest stock market averages in the world. The index comprises 30 large-cap American companies, stocks like Walmart, American Express, and Microsoft. Although the index is a fairly narrow measure of the U.S. stock market, it is often cited by media organizations to track market sentiment owing to its longevity and prominence.
(Bloomberg) -- It’s been a blockbuster summer for Big Oil. Exxon Mobil Corp. and Chevron Corp. posted record profits thanks to surging energy prices. The new US climate bill includes concessions to oil and gas companies.There are other, quieter beneficiaries: Microsoft Corp., Amazon.com Inc. and the other cloud-services companies that are increasingly responsible for the computing horsepower behind the oil giants’ efforts to find and extract more oil and natural gas.Among other things, Microsoft
SAN RAMON, Calif., August 16, 2022--Today, Chevron announced that Dr. Anoop Kumar, senior staff scientist (Grease-SME) at Chevron Corporation’s Richmond Technology Center in California, was named the new president of the National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI). Based in Liberty, Missouri, the NLGI is a not-for-profit trade association, primarily composed of companies who manufacture and market all types of lubricating grease. | <urn:uuid:239f7f4f-484d-4711-9337-aaf61b280da1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/quote/CVX230120C00085000?p=CVX230120C00085000 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.934884 | 271 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Douglas Fir Essential Oil reminds me of Christmas right away. We always had a huge Fir Tree that we had to wrestle with to get in through the door to put in the living room.
I always loved the smell and still do. It is energizing to the mind, yet relaxing to the body which definitely reminds me of the holidays. This is one of the oils I really like to diffuse during the holidays.
Douglas Fir Essential Oil has been used traditionally for any kind of respiratory or sinus infections and even fever. It is also really soothing to rheumatic or chronic pain. And great for muscles (or joints) that have been overworked or are tired.
What is the Genus Species? Pseudotsuga menziesii
Why is this information important? It is always important to know the genus species and what part of the plant the oil is distilled from.
Where is the name derived from? David Douglas was a Scottish botanist first introduced Douglas Fir into cultivation in 1827 at Scone Palace (in Scotland). The common name was given to this tree in honor of him.
What Part of the Plant is Used? Leaves and branches
What is the ORAC Value? 69,000 µTE/100g
Why know about this number? ORAC stands for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity. It tells you the antioxidant capacity of a food item. Antioxidants have shown to reduce the risk of age related conditions and cancer! This was developed by the USDA researchers. For instance: Spinach = 1,400; Clove = 1,078,700. Wow! The number for clove is NOT a typo!
Most Interesting Historical Reference?
Did you know that historical records indicate that the Douglas Fir Tree have grown to over 400 feet tall?
What are the Plant Properties? Antiseptic, astringent, antifungal, anti-tumoral, antioxidant, diuretic, expectorant, tonic and pain relieving.
What are the Documented Douglas Fir Benefits and Uses? Anxiety, asthma, Infections (respiratory, sinus, bronchitis, flu, colds), rheumatism, catarrh, nervous tension, wounds, sore and tired muscles and joints.
What is the Aromatic Affect on the Mind? It is physically grounding and relaxing. Strong scent, spicy and woody.
What is the Spiritual Influence? This oil will ground the body and empower the mind. It will help those who don’t feel anchored in their body from the waist down. Or feel disempowered to go forward with implementing ideas or visions.
By the way, any of the oils that are from trees ( Western Red Cedar, Cedarwood, Palo Santo, Frankincense, etc) will provide stabilization, grounding and security to our being, physically and emotionally.
What Chakra is Affected? The heart and solar plexus chakra.
What is the corresponding Chakra Color? Orange and yellow.
How do I use it?
Use diluted – 50:50 dilution (one part essential oil: one part of vegetable oil). Then,
• Apply several drops (2-4) on location
• Apply to chakras/vitaflex points
• Directly inhale, or
Can this Oil be used for Pets? Yes, but once again, dilute! Do not use for cats.
Note about Animal Use: Certain oils can be very toxic to catrs. Citrus and pine oils in particular that are not therapeutic grade. Please consult your vet if you are not sure about applying any essential oil to your pet.
What are the Safety Precautions? Only therapeutic grade essential oils should be used! Could result in skin irritation (dilution is recommended).
Essential Oil Trivia?
Did you know that largest known Douglas Fir tree in the world, the Red Creek Fir; has a wood volume of 349 cubic meters?
It is 74 meters or 243 feet high. They believe this tree is 750 to 1000 years old! Wow, that is an old tree!
Did you know that the Douglas Fir Tree is also called Oregon Pine, British Columbian Pine, Douglas Spruce, Red Fir and even Douglas Tree?
Diffuse during the holidays to make your room smell like a Chrismas Tree!
Rating: 0.0/10 (0 votes cast) | <urn:uuid:a07db8fd-72d0-4bf6-96b9-f27f81a875ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthy-remedy.com/douglas-fir-essential-oil-healthy-remedies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.928519 | 951 | 2.1875 | 2 |
LVIV, Ukraine — Russia's military forces kept up their punishing campaign to capture Ukraine's capital with fighting and artillery fire in Kyiv's suburbs Monday after an airstrike on a military base near the Polish border brought the war dangerously close to NATO's doorstep.
As Russian munitions pounded Ukraine for a 19th day, a new round of talks between Russian and Ukrainian officials raised hopes for progress in evacuating civilians from besieged Ukrainian cities and getting emergency supplies to areas without enough food, water and medicine.
Air raid alerts sounded in cities and towns all around the country overnight, from near the Russian border in the east to the Carpathian Mountains in the west, as fighting continued on the outskirts of Kyiv. Ukrainian officials said Russian forces shelled several suburbs of the capital, a major political and strategic target for their invasion.
Ukrainian authorities said two people died and seven were injured after Russian forces struck an airplane factory in Kyiv, sparking a large fire. The Antonov factory is Ukraine’s largest aircraft manufacturing plant and is best known for producing many of the world’s biggest cargo planes.
Russian artillery fire also hit a nine-story apartment building in the northern Obolonskyi district of the city, killing two more people, authorities said. Firefighters worked to rescue survivors, painstakingly carrying an injured woman on a stretcher away from the blackened and still-smoking building.
A town councilor for Brovary, east of Kyiv, was killed in fighting there, officials said. Shells also fell on the Kyiv suburbs of Irpin, Bucha and Hostomel, which have seen some of the worst fighting in Russia’s stalled attempt to take the capital, local officials said.
Airstrikes were reported across the country, including the southern city of Mykolaiv, and the northern city of Chernihiv, where heat was knocked out to most of the town. Explosions also rang out overnight around the Russian-occupied Black Sea port of Kherson.
In the eastern city of Kharkiv, firefighters doused the remains of a four-story residential building on a street of apartments and shops. Ukrainian emergency services said a strike hit the building, leaving smoldering piles of wood and metal. It was unclear whether there were casualties.
The surrounded southern city of Mariupol, where the war has produced some of the greatest human suffering, remained cut off despite earlier talks on creating aid or evacuation convoys.
The International Committee of the Red Cross said suffering in Mariupol was “simply immense” and that hundreds of thousands of people faced extreme shortages of food, water and medicine.
“Dead bodies, of civilians and combatants, remain trapped under the rubble or lying in the open where they fell,” the Red Cross said in a statement.
A pregnant woman who became a symbol of Ukraine’s suffering when she was photographed being carried from a bombed maternity hospital in Mariupol has died along with her baby, the Associated Press has learned. Images of the woman being rushed to an ambulance on a stretcher had circled the world, epitomizing the horror of an attack on humanity’s most innocent.
Ukraine announced plans for new humanitarian aid and evacuation corridors on Monday, although ongoing shelling caused similar efforts to fail in the last week, including on Sunday.
The U.N. has recorded at least 596 civilian deaths since Russia invaded Ukraine on Feb. 24, though it believes the true toll is much higher. Millions more people have fled their homes, with more than 2.8 million crossing into Poland and other neighboring countries in what the U.N. refugee agency has called Europe’s biggest refugee crisis since World War II.
A fourth round of high-level discussions between Ukrainian and Russian officials was set to take place by video conference Monday, the first negotiations in a week, Ukrainian presidential aide Mykhailo Podolyak said.
“Communication is being held, yet it’s hard,” Podolyak said on Twitter. Earlier he said negotiators would discuss “peace, ceasefire, immediate withdrawal of troops & security guarantees.”
Previous rounds were held in person on the border with Belarus and failed to produce a breakthrough.
Since launching its invasion of Ukraine, Moscow has waged a multi-pronged attack. Russia’s military is bigger and better equipped than Ukraine’s, but its troops have faced stiffer than expected resistance, bolstered by Western weapons support that has frustrated Russian President Vladimir Putin.
With their advance slowed in several areas, they have bombarded several cities with unrelenting shelling, hitting two dozen medical facilities and a large number of apartment buildings.
The war expanded Sunday when Russian missiles pounded a military training base in western Ukraine that previously served as a crucial hub for cooperation between Ukraine and NATO.
The attack killed 35 people, Ukrainian officials said, and the base’s proximity to the borders of Poland and other NATO members raised concerns that the Western military alliance could be drawn into the the largest land conflict in Europe since World War II.
Speaking Sunday night, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called it a “black day” and again urged NATO leaders to establish a no-fly zone over his country, a move the West has rejected for fear of starting a direct confrontation with nuclear-armed Russia.
“If you do not close our sky, it is only a matter of time before Russian missiles fall on your territory. NATO territory. On the homes of citizens of NATO countries,” Zelenskyy said.
Ukraine said Moscow's troops nevertheless failed to make major advances between Sunday and Monday. The Russian Defense Ministry gave a different assessment, saying its forces had advanced 11 kilometers (7 miles) and reached five towns north of Mariupol, whose capture could help Russia establish a land corridor to Crimea, which it seized from Ukraine in 2014.
Russia's latest attack on its ex-Soviet neighbor has shaken the post-Cold War security order, with unpredictable and dangerous consequences.
The U.S. says Russia asked China for military equipment to use in Ukraine after the West imposed severe economic sanctions to hobble the Russian economy and the invasion met stronger-than-expected Ukrainian resistance.
The request heightened tensions about the ongoing war ahead of a Monday meeting in Rome between top aides for the U.S. and Chinese governments. U.S. President Joe Biden is sending his national security adviser to Rome to meet with a Chinese official over worries that Beijing is amplifying Russian disinformation and may help Mosc ow evade Western economic sanctions.
In his talks with senior Chinese foreign policy adviser Yang Jiechi, Sullivan will be looking for limits in what Beijing will do for Moscow.
Russia's cruise-missile strike on the military base in western Ukraine also has international significance. The International Center for Peacekeeping and Security near Yavoriv has long been used to train Ukrainian soldiers, often with instructors from the United States and other NATO members. In addition to the 35 deaths, 134 people were wounded in the attack, the Ukrainian Defense Ministry said.
The base is less than 25 kilometers (15 miles) from the Polish border and has hosted NATO training drills, making it a potent symbol of Russia’s longstanding fears that the expansion of the 30-member Western military alliance to include former Soviet states threatens its security — something NATO denies.
NATO said Sunday that it currently does not have any personnel in Ukraine, though the United States has increased the number of U.S. troops deployed to NATO member Poland, Sullivan, the White House national security adviser, said the West would respond if Russia’s strikes travel outside Ukraine and hit any NATO members, even accidentally.
Ina Padi, a 40-year-old Ukrainian who crossed the border with her family, was taking shelter at a fire station in Wielkie Oczy, Poland, when she was awakened by blasts Sunday morning from across the border that shook her windows.
“I understood in that moment, even if we are free of it, (the war) is still coming after us,” she said. | <urn:uuid:a5aca288-7a35-43e7-b70c-05b5e6ea2177> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wtvr.com/news/national/russia-ukraine-conflict/talks-between-ukraine-russia-resume-as-fighting-takes-place-outside-of-kyiv | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.968197 | 1,674 | 1.5 | 2 |
EPA recognizes achievements of local resident, commission
BOSTON, Mass. – Wells Reserve's Stewardship Coordinator Tin Smith and the Ogunquit Conservation Commission were among four winners from Maine recognized recently at the 2016 Environmental Merit Awards ceremony of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s New England regional office. The environmental leaders were among three dozen recipients across New England honored for helping to improve New England’s environment.
Martin “Tin” Smith was awarded a Lifetime Environmental Merit Award, nominated by the board of directors of the Great Works Regional Land Trust, along with its staff and nearly 1,000 active members. Smith has been a visionary and tireless leader in environmental protection and land conservation in southern coastal Maine for 35 years.
It was 30 years ago that a group of citizens concerned about the impacts of rapid development in southern York County, formed The Great Works Regional Land Trust. Smith took an immediate leadership role, using his existing contacts in the conservation field to educate the novice volunteer board.
Smith continues to be the heart and soul of the Land Trust. In addition to his role as president of the Land Trust board for 10 years, he has led the way on many individual projects. Thanks largely to his perseverance, the Land Trust has completed 119 land purchases or easements, thus protecting 5,974 acres of valuable land in the six southern Maine towns served by the trust. Smith was one of the first to advocate for preserving the unique ecosystem of the 30,000-acre Mount Agamenticus area. Knowing collaboration would be key, he helped lead the effort to bring towns, land trusts and conservation groups together to form the Mount Agamenticus to the Sea Coalition.
Smith has made invaluable contributions to numerous other environmental conservation efforts as well. He was part of a core group in the early 1980s who worked to protect the land and buildings that are part of the former Laudholm Farm and to create the Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve. He has been active in the Maine Organic Farmers and Growers Association for 30 years, serving on the board of directors and providing hundreds of volunteer hours.
On top of all of Smith’s professional efforts, every fall he and his wife, Jane, host a harvest festival at their organic apple grove. Community members gather to pick apples, make cider, enjoy a meal prepared by Jane, and celebrate nature and community.
Enviro, Community, Academia & Nonprofit
Since it began 12 years ago, the Ogunquit Conservation Commission has worked on projects that protect and restore the town’s most important natural places. The commission strives to conserve lands, protect waters and serve town residents and visitors through a greener and healthier community. Since its formation, the town’s conservation commission has carried out a variety of projects, earning it recognition by Down East magazine as the most environmental town in Maine.
Among its accomplishments, the commission created the annual $25,000 town referendum question for the Conservation Land Trust, and functions as the Ogunquit Beach environmental steward. It works with the state on issues related to beach environmental conditions, dune stability and fencing placement, and manages volunteers for the beaches water testing program and monthly water sampling of 12 beach and river locations. A referendum initiated by the commission provided $3 million for 49 acres of conservation land, and the commission helped the Great Works Regional Land Trust develop 10 additional acres.
The commission created the yearly Beach, River and Dune Clean Up volunteer program and, with the town and Ogunquit Sewer District, undertook underground video investigation, smoke tests and DNA sampling to locate sources of contamination affecting beach waters. The commission led the effort to make Ogunquit the first town in Maine and second in the nation to pass an ordinance banning the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. The “Sniffer Dog” program instated by the commission detects sources of contaminated beach and river waters. | <urn:uuid:b22724d7-40ea-4940-928f-87a68be1cf28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.seacoastonline.com/story/news/local/york-star/2016/05/25/epa-recognizes-achievements-local-resident/28430982007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.959277 | 803 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Letter: A gallon of gas
To the Editor:
Some comments on the high gasoline prices: being retired, we are affected less than others. We have cut back to some extent, but not significantly. It's obvious to me that the service a gallon of gasoline gives is much greater than the cost, even at the present high levels. If this is true, the price will have to rise almost astronomically to have people cut back very far.
You may be interested in some comments from our son, who is an expatriate living in Switzerland. He and some friends are almost amused by our present distress, since they are paying an equivalent of $5 to $6 per gallon. He reports not too many SUV's. He and some engineering friends were discussing what price in the USA would be needed to make people seriously cut back on car usage, this is not at all optimistic. Their best consensus was that a price of $8 per gallon would be necessary. This is based on the belief that when it comes to $100 to fill a tank people will begin to think long and hard as to whether a trip is really necessary.
I'm sorry to be the bearer of bad tidings on this, but the oil situation does look very serious to me and quite a few others. As if we don't have enough other troubles. Back in the energy crunch of the 1970's we learned to combine errands as much as possible. From now on, though, it won't make sense to drive very far, such as New Hampshire, to save money on purchases.
Paul B. Sawyer, | <urn:uuid:321a53b0-80f7-4041-a42b-20eb5f9ac3c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wickedlocal.com/story/braintree-forum/2005/09/14/letter-gallon-gas/39588786007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.982169 | 328 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Molkerei Hainichen-Freiberg modernises its water treatment system
Reduced water consumption
Every year Molkerei Hainichen-Freiberg turns around 150,000 tons of milk into yoghurt, blancmange, cheese and milk powder for babies. The high consumption of fresh water for various applications, such as rinsing centrifuges, used to be an undesirable cost factor for the company.
Thanks to a chlorine dioxide system, the dairy has already managed to considerably cut costs for fresh and waste water in the past. The vapour water produced in the production process, which contains aromas and other ingredients that promote germ growth, is disinfected and then reused. This saves Hainichen-Freiberg around 60,000 m³ of drinking water annually.
- Safe and reliable disinfection of water vapour with an electrolysis system
- Effective reuse of the processed vapour in further tasks
- Reduction in annual chemical costs of around €11,000
- Consistently low water consumption
Treating water with chlorine dioxide involves the use of hydrochloric acid and sodium chlorite. These chemicals can be dangerous during transport, storage and handling. This is why Molkerei Hainichen-Freiberg wanted to replace its outdated system and switch to a process without chemical handling.
Electrolysis gives the dairy a safe and cost-effective alternative to previous methods. By deploying ProMinent’s electrolysis systems CHLORINSITU, it no longer has to handle dangerous chemicals. The innovative systems use harmless cooking salt to produce a disinfection solution on site, which is not only safer but also cheaper, thereby cutting operating costs.
The sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) produced from common salt can be added to the respective process as required or temporarily stored for peak demands.
Upgrade completed during day-to-day operation
ProMinent modernised the dairy’s water treatment system without any interruptions to production. With the aid of a temporary arrangement produced especially for this project, the technicians installed the new system during ongoing operation. Huge benefits are to be gained from the modernisation: a vast improvement in health, safety and process reliability, lower operating costs and consistently less water consumption. Molkerei Hainichen-Freiberg’s investment in a modern disinfection system has therefore paid off. | <urn:uuid:6b560735-d1f4-4c22-adda-9e8a4e6e1d90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prominent.com.sg/en/Practical-examples/Molkerei-Hainichen-Freiberg-modernises-its-water-treatment-system.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.92984 | 504 | 2.21875 | 2 |
IEC officials say that in the upcoming elections, the use of biometrics should start even with the voter registration process.
They point that some Afghan citizens will be registered for first time in the presidential election, including people who will reach the legal age for voting by then, immigrants who return to the country and people in insecure areas that are going to be safe and prepared for the election.
Sayyad also expressed, “There are some preparations for the presidential elections, which, considering our limited time, would be difficult to achieve. We strive to announce a timetable that is feasible.”
Sayyad also added “Given the little time we have and the complexity of upcoming elections, it is possible that presidential elections may not be held at its appointed time, however we will try our best to hold the elections on time.”
On the other hand, IECC’s Rohani responded by saying that “IEC has repeatedly said that some inevitabilities have prevented the presidential election from being held on time. IEC should share these inevitabilities with the people of Afghanistan, otherwise they should not violate the constitution.”
Rohani also suggested that so as to prevent fraudulent voter lists, IEC should include three items in its electoral calendar-voter lists announcement, time for dealing with electoral complaints, and announcement of voters’ final list. | <urn:uuid:f2cd905f-0b59-4c2d-b5fa-3c7a3a3d4e1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reporterly.net/latest-stories/iec-admits-possibilities-of-delay-in-presidential-elections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.976472 | 285 | 1.84375 | 2 |
The Chicago marathon took place today. Whenever I see news of a marathon race, I check the finishing times of the male and female winners. I want to know if both genders are getting faster and if the women are continuing to get faster relative to the men.
Historically, women could not officially participate in marathon races until 1963. And believe it or not, the marathon didn’t become a female Olympic event until 1984. So women have had some catching up to do.
If you reference the chart, you can see that back in 1963, women were running marathons in about 220 minutes. Today at the Chicago marathon, Russia’s Lidiya Grigoryeva finished the race in two hours, 27 minutes, 17 seconds, or roughly 147 minutes. That’s a huge difference. Kenya’s Evans Cheruiyot won the marathon in 2 hours, 6 minutes, 25 seconds.
Obviously there are some differences between the sexes that affect performance. Men tend to have more muscle mass and a lower percentage of body fat. And men have a higher aerobic capacity and more hemoglobin when compared to women.
But women can run at a higher percentage of their VO2 max. Women can also convert more fat to energy. And when they ingest carbohydrate drinks, women can convert a higher proportion of the carbohydrates to energy (which would enable them to conserve their glycogen stores for the long race). Women also produce higher levels of growth hormone in response to training which is beneficial for training adaptations and recovery.
So with these gender differences, the obvious question is: will women ever run marathons faster than men? This study suggests that “It is likely that the current gender difference in performance will remain fairly constant because of biological differences between men and women that give men an advantage in distance running.” | <urn:uuid:b7b2f9f9-915e-4735-b8d2-905cd4c29d79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fitnesstransform.com/the-gender-gap-in-endurance-sports/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957611 | 373 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Angle of arrival (AoA) measurement is a method for determining the direction of propagation of a radio-frequency wave incident on an antenna array. AoA determines the direction by measuring the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) at individual elements of the array -- from these delays the AoA can be calculated.
Generally this TDOA measurement is made by measuring the difference in received phase at each element in the antenna array. This can be thought of as beamforming in reverse. In beamforming, the signal from each element is delayed by some weight to "steer" the gain of the antenna array. In AoA, the delay of arrival at each element is measured directly and converted to an AoA measurement.
Consider, for example, a two element array spaced apart by one-half the wavelength of an incoming RF wave. If a wave is incident upon the array at boresight, it will arrive at each antenna simultaneously. This will yield 0° phase-difference measured between the two antenna elements, equivalent to a 0° AoA. If a wave is incident upon the array at broadside, then a 180° phase difference will be measured between the elements, corresponding to a 90° AoA.
A current application of AoA is in the geodesic location or geolocation of cell phones. The aim is either to comply with regulations that require cell systems to report the location of a cell phone placing an emergency (i.e., 911) call or to provide a special service to tell the bearer of the cell phone where he is. Multiple receivers on a base station would calculate the AoA of the cell phone's signal, and this information would be combined to determine the phone's location on the earth.
AoA is generally used to discover the location of pirate radio stations or of any military radio transmitter.
In submarine acoustics, AoA is the method to localize objects with active or passive ranging.
In optics, AoA is considered from the perspective of interferometry.
* GSM localization
* Time of arrival
* Wideband Space Division Multiple Access
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Angle of arrival」の詳細全文を読む | <urn:uuid:f27be1a7-c03e-47c9-8e01-5a4cfd5dd3ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.kotoba.ne.jp/word/11/Angle%20of%20arrival | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.89714 | 560 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Are you old enough to remember the 1965 television series Lost in Space? It followed the adventures of the Robinson family who are lost in their scientific exploration of outer space. June Lockhart starred as the mom. Bill Mumy played Will her young son. In the show, Will is often unaware of the trouble he stumbles into. However, he is usually protected by the expedition’s robot. In one episode the robot waved his arms and cried out, “Danger!” This became the catchphrase, “Danger, Will Robinson!” It is still sometimes used today to warn people who are about to make a mistake
The robot can also help us understand the word admonish, which means to caution or warn, often with instruction. Colossians 3:16 tells us, “Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly as you teach and admonish one another with all wisdom, and as you sing psalms, hymns and spiritual songs with gratitude in your hearts to God.” (NIV)
As Christians, we look out for one another. We need to take the teaching of Scripture to heart so we can use it to warn others about the spiritual dangers they may not see. We need to learn the bible’s wisdom so we can share it with others. That’s the meaning of the passage. We teach and admonish one another. Though, we don’t need to wave our arms and cry out “Danger, Will Robinson”!
How to leave a review: https://www.sparkingfaith.com/rate-and-review/
Please provide feedback and suggestions at: https://www.sparkingfaith.com/feedback/
Bumper music “Landing Place” performed by Mark July, used under license from Shutterstock. | <urn:uuid:ccb252e4-bace-4dab-a0e0-868e31d85bb3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sparkingfaith.com/2022/03/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.954917 | 383 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Articles | Volume 9, issue 10
Biogeosciences, 9, 4169–4197, 2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue: Nitrogen and global change
Research article 31 Oct 2012
Research article | 31 Oct 2012
N2O emissions from the global agricultural nitrogen cycle – current state and future scenarios
B. L. Bodirsky et al.
Related subject area
Earth System Science/Response to Global Change: Climate ChangeTiming of drought in the growing season and strong legacy effects determine the annual productivity of temperate grasses in a changing climateContrasting responses of woody and herbaceous vegetation to altered rainfall characteristics in the SahelReduced growth with increased quotas of particulate organic and inorganic carbon in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi under future ocean climate change conditionsOcean-related global change alters lipid biomarker production in common marine phytoplanktonMulti-decadal changes in structural complexity following mass coral mortality on a Caribbean reefStable isotopes track the ecological and biogeochemical legacy of mass mangrove forest dieback in the Gulf of Carpentaria, AustraliaGlobal climate response to idealized deforestation in CMIP6 modelsTechnical note: Interpreting pH changesPhysiological responses of Skeletonema costatum to the interactions of seawater acidification and combination of photoperiod and temperatureCarbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models and their comparison to CMIP5 modelsEcosystem physio-phenology revealed using circular statisticsUnderstanding the uncertainty in global forest carbon turnoverCharacterizing deepwater oxygen variability and seafloor community responses using a novel autonomous landerPhysical and biogeochemical impacts of RCP8.5 scenario in the Peru upwelling systemIs there warming in the pipeline? A multi-model analysis of the Zero Emissions Commitment from CO2Foraminiferal holobiont thermal tolerance under future warming – roommate problems or successful collaboration?Impacts of enhanced weathering on biomass production for negative emission technologies and soil hydrologyPotential predictability of marine ecosystem driversIs deoxygenation detectable before warming in the thermocline?Spatio-temporal variations and uncertainty in land surface modelling for high latitudes: univariate response analysisMicrostructure and composition of marine aggregates as co-determinants for vertical particulate organic carbon transfer in the global oceanQuantifying impacts of the 2018 drought on European ecosystems in comparison to 2003Reviews and syntheses: How do abiotic and biotic processes respond to climatic variations in the Nam Co catchment (Tibetan Plateau)?Simulation of factors affecting Emiliania huxleyi blooms in Arctic and sub-Arctic seas by CMIP5 climate models: model validation and selectionParticulate trace metal dynamics in response to increased CO2 and iron availability in a coastal mesocosm experimentZooplankton diel vertical migration and downward C flux into the oxygen minimum zone in the highly productive upwelling region off northern ChileA meta-analysis of microcosm experiments shows that dimethyl sulfide (DMS) production in polar waters is insensitive to ocean acidificationForest aboveground biomass stock and resilience in a tropical landscape of ThailandEnhanced Weathering and related element fluxes – a cropland mesocosm approachTrees do not always act their age: size-deterministic tree ring standardization for long-term trend estimation in shade-tolerant treesRapid environmental responses to climate-induced hydrographic changes in the Baltic Sea entranceTrend analysis of the airborne fraction and sink rate of anthropogenically released CO2Dissolved organic nutrients dominate melting surface ice of the Dark Zone (Greenland Ice Sheet)Ideas and perspectives: Synergies from co-deployment of negative emission technologiesAssessment of time of emergence of anthropogenic deoxygenation and warming: insights from a CESM simulation from 850 to 2100 CEDispersal distances and migration rates at the arctic treeline in Siberia – a genetic and simulation-based studySimulating growth-based harvest adaptive to future climate changeMonitoring changes in forestry and seasonal snow using surface albedo during 1982–2016 as an indicatorOcean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysisLegacies of past land use have a stronger effect on forest carbon exchange than future climate change in a temperate forest landscapeReviews and syntheses: Changing ecosystem influences on soil thermal regimes in northern high-latitude permafrost regionsVariable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O2 and high CO2 scenariosOcean acidification increases the sensitivity of and variability in physiological responses of an intertidal limpet to thermal stressComparing soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching under extreme precipitation events in arid and semiarid grasslandsIncreasing coastal slump activity impacts the release of sediment and organic carbon into the Arctic OceanThe pyrogeography of eastern boreal Canada from 1901 to 2012 simulated with the LPJ-LMfire modelSimultaneous shifts in elemental stoichiometry and fatty acids of Emiliania huxleyi in response to environmental changesImpacts of the seasonal distribution of rainfall on vegetation productivity across the SahelImpact of diurnal temperature fluctuations on larval settlement and growth of the reef coral Pocillopora damicornisClimate engineering and the ocean: effects on biogeochemistry and primary production
Claudia Hahn, Andreas Lüscher, Sara Ernst-Hasler, Matthias Suter, and Ansgar Kahmen
Biogeosciences, 18, 585–604,Short summary
While existing studies focus on the immediate effects of drought events on grassland productivity, long-term effects are mostly neglected. But, to conclude universal outcomes, studies must consider comprehensive ecosystem mechanisms. In our study, we found that the resistance of growth rates to drought in grasses varies across seasons, and positive legacy effects of drought indicate a high resilience. The high resilience compensates for immediate drought effects on grasses to a large extent.
Wim Verbruggen, Guy Schurgers, Stéphanie Horion, Jonas Ardö, Paulo N. Bernardino, Bernard Cappelaere, Jérôme Demarty, Rasmus Fensholt, Laurent Kergoat, Thomas Sibret, Torbern Tagesson, and Hans Verbeeck
Biogeosciences, 18, 77–93,Short summary
A large part of Earth's land surface is covered by dryland ecosystems, which are subject to climate extremes that are projected to increase under future climate scenarios. By using a mathematical vegetation model, we studied the impact of single years of extreme rainfall on the vegetation in the Sahel. We found a contrasting response of grasses and trees to these extremes, strongly dependent on the way precipitation is spread over the rainy season, as well as a long-term impact on CO2 uptake.
Yong Zhang, Sinéad Collins, and Kunshan Gao
Biogeosciences, 17, 6357–6375,Short summary
Our results show that ocean acidification, warming, increased light exposure and reduced nutrient availability significantly reduce the growth rate but increase particulate organic and inorganic carbon in cells in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, indicating biogeochemical consequences of future ocean changes on the calcifying microalga. Concurrent changes in nutrient concentrations and pCO2 levels predominantly affected E. huxleyi growth, photosynthetic carbon fixation and calcification.
Rong Bi, Stefanie M. H. Ismar-Rebitz, Ulrich Sommer, Hailong Zhang, and Meixun Zhao
Biogeosciences, 17, 6287–6307,Short summary
Lipids provide crucial insight into the trajectory of ecological functioning in changing environments. We experimentally explore responses of lipid biomarker production in phytoplankton to projected changes in temperature, nutrients and pCO2. Differential responses of lipid biomarkers indicate rearrangements of cellular carbon pools under future ocean scenarios. Such variations in lipid biomarker production would have important impacts on marine ecological functions and biogeochemical cycles.
George Roff, Jennifer Joseph, and Peter J. Mumby
Biogeosciences, 17, 5909–5918,Short summary
In recent decades, extensive mortality of reef-building corals throughout the Caribbean region has led to the erosion of reef frameworks and declines in biodiversity. Using field observations, models, and high-precision U–Th dating, we quantified changes in the structural complexity of coral reef frameworks over the past 2 decades. Structural complexity was stable at reef scales, yet bioerosion led to declines in small-scale microhabitat complexity with cascading effects on cryptic fauna.
Yota Harada, Rod M. Connolly, Brian Fry, Damien T. Maher, James Z. Sippo, Luke C. Jeffrey, Adam J. Bourke, and Shing Yip Lee
Biogeosciences, 17, 5599–5613,Short summary
In 2015–2016, an extensive area of mangroves along ~ 1000 km of coastline in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, experienced dieback as a result of a climatic extreme event that included drought conditions and low sea levels. Multiannual field campaigns conducted from 2016 to 2018 show substantial recovery of the mangrove vegetation. However, stable isotopes suggest long-lasting changes in carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycling following the dieback.
Lena R. Boysen, Victor Brovkin, Julia Pongratz, David M. Lawrence, Peter Lawrence, Nicolas Vuichard, Philippe Peylin, Spencer Liddicoat, Tomohiro Hajima, Yanwu Zhang, Matthias Rocher, Christine Delire, Roland Séférian, Vivek K. Arora, Lars Nieradzik, Peter Anthoni, Wim Thiery, Marysa M. Laguë, Deborah Lawrence, and Min-Hui Lo
Biogeosciences, 17, 5615–5638,Short summary
We find a biogeophysically induced global cooling with strong carbon losses in a 20 million square kilometre idealized deforestation experiment performed by nine CMIP6 Earth system models. It takes many decades for the temperature signal to emerge, with non-local effects playing an important role. Despite a consistent experimental setup, models diverge substantially in their climate responses. This study offers unprecedented insights for understanding land use change effects in CMIP6 models.
Andrea J. Fassbender, James C. Orr, and Andrew G. Dickson
Revised manuscript accepted for BGShort summary
A decline in upper ocean pH with time is typically ascribed to ocean acidification. A more quantitative interpretation is often confused by failing to recognize the implications of pH being a logarithmic transform of hydrogen ion concentration, rather than an absolute measure. This can lead to an unwitting misinterpretation of pH data. We provide three real-world examples illustrating this and recommend the reporting of both hydrogen ion concentration and pH in studies of ocean chemical change.
Hangxiao Li, Tianpeng Xu, Jing Ma, Futian Li, and Juntian Xu
Revised manuscript accepted for BGShort summary
Few studies investigated interactions of ocean acidification and seasonal changes in temperature and daylength on marine diatoms. We cultured a marine diatom under two CO2 levels and three combinations of temperature and daylength, simulating different seasons, to investigate combined effects of these factors. Results showed acidification had contrasting effects under different combinations, indicating that future ocean may show differential effects on diatoms in different cluster of factors.
Vivek K. Arora, Anna Katavouta, Richard G. Williams, Chris D. Jones, Victor Brovkin, Pierre Friedlingstein, Jörg Schwinger, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Boucher, Patricia Cadule, Matthew A. Chamberlain, James R. Christian, Christine Delire, Rosie A. Fisher, Tomohiro Hajima, Tatiana Ilyina, Emilie Joetzjer, Michio Kawamiya, Charles D. Koven, John P. Krasting, Rachel M. Law, David M. Lawrence, Andrew Lenton, Keith Lindsay, Julia Pongratz, Thomas Raddatz, Roland Séférian, Kaoru Tachiiri, Jerry F. Tjiputra, Andy Wiltshire, Tongwen Wu, and Tilo Ziehn
Biogeosciences, 17, 4173–4222,Short summary
Since the preindustrial period, land and ocean have taken up about half of the carbon emitted into the atmosphere by humans. Comparison of different earth system models with the carbon cycle allows us to assess how carbon uptake by land and ocean differs among models. This yields an estimate of uncertainty in our understanding of how land and ocean respond to increasing atmospheric CO2. This paper summarizes results from two such model intercomparison projects that use an idealized scenario.
Daniel E. Pabon-Moreno, Talie Musavi, Mirco Migliavacca, Markus Reichstein, Christine Römermann, and Miguel D. Mahecha
Biogeosciences, 17, 3991–4006,Short summary
Ecosystem CO2 uptake changes in time depending on climate conditions. In this study, we analyze how different climate variables affect the timing when CO2 uptake is at a maximum (DOYGPPmax). We found that the joint effects of radiation, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit are the most relevant controlling factors of DOYGPPmax and that if they increase, DOYGPPmax will happen earlier. These results help us to better understand how CO2 uptake could be affected by climate change.
Thomas A. M. Pugh, Tim Rademacher, Sarah L. Shafer, Jörg Steinkamp, Jonathan Barichivich, Brian Beckage, Vanessa Haverd, Anna Harper, Jens Heinke, Kazuya Nishina, Anja Rammig, Hisashi Sato, Almut Arneth, Stijn Hantson, Thomas Hickler, Markus Kautz, Benjamin Quesada, Benjamin Smith, and Kirsten Thonicke
Biogeosciences, 17, 3961–3989,Short summary
The length of time that carbon remains in forest biomass is one of the largest uncertainties in the global carbon cycle. Estimates from six contemporary models found this time to range from 12.2 to 23.5 years for the global mean for 1985–2014. Future projections do not give consistent results, but 13 model-based hypotheses are identified, along with recommendations for pragmatic steps to test them using existing and novel observations, which would help to reduce large current uncertainty.
Natalya D. Gallo, Kevin Hardy, Nicholas C. Wegner, Ashley Nicoll, Haleigh Yang, and Lisa A. Levin
Biogeosciences, 17, 3943–3960,Short summary
Environmental exposure histories can affect organismal sensitivity to climate change and ocean deoxygenation. The natural variability of environmental conditions for nearshore deep-sea habitats is poorly known due to technological challenges. We develop and test a novel, autonomous, hand-deployable lander outfitted with environmental sensors and a camera system and use it to characterize high-frequency oxygen, temperature, and pH variability at 100–400 m as well as seafloor community responses.
Vincent Echevin, Manon Gévaudan, Dante Espinoza-Morriberón, Jorge Tam, Olivier Aumont, Dimitri Gutierrez, and François Colas
Biogeosciences, 17, 3317–3341,Short summary
The coasts of Peru encompass the richest fisheries in the entire ocean. It is therefore very important for this country to understand how the nearshore marine ecosystem may evolve under climate change. Fine-scale numerical models are very useful because they can represent precisely the evolution of key parameters such as temperature, water oxygenation, and plankton biomass. Here we study the evolution of the Peruvian marine ecosystem in the 21st century under the worst-case climate scenario.
Andrew H. MacDougall, Thomas L. Frölicher, Chris D. Jones, Joeri Rogelj, H. Damon Matthews, Kirsten Zickfeld, Vivek K. Arora, Noah J. Barrett, Victor Brovkin, Friedrich A. Burger, Micheal Eby, Alexey V. Eliseev, Tomohiro Hajima, Philip B. Holden, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Charles Koven, Nadine Mengis, Laurie Menviel, Martine Michou, Igor I. Mokhov, Akira Oka, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Gary Shaffer, Andrei Sokolov, Kaoru Tachiiri, Jerry Tjiputra, Andrew Wiltshire, and Tilo Ziehn
Biogeosciences, 17, 2987–3016,Short summary
The Zero Emissions Commitment (ZEC) is the change in global temperature expected to occur following the complete cessation of CO2 emissions. Here we use 18 climate models to assess the value of ZEC. For our experiment we find that ZEC 50 years after emissions cease is between −0.36 to +0.29 °C. The most likely value of ZEC is assessed to be close to zero. However, substantial continued warming for decades or centuries following cessation of CO2 emission cannot be ruled out.
Doron Pinko, Sigal Abramovich, and Danna Titelboim
Biogeosciences, 17, 2341–2348,Short summary
Future warming threatens many marine organisms; among these are large benthic foraminifera. These symbiont-bearing protists are major carbonate producers and ecosystem engineers. To assess the relative contribution of host and symbiont algae to the holobiont thermal tolerance, we evaluated the calcification rate and photosynthetic activity under future warming scenarios.
Wagner de Oliveira Garcia, Thorben Amann, Jens Hartmann, Kristine Karstens, Alexander Popp, Lena R. Boysen, Pete Smith, and Daniel Goll
Biogeosciences, 17, 2107–2133,Short summary
Biomass-based terrestrial negative emission technologies (tNETS) have high potential to sequester CO2. Many CO2 uptake estimates do not include the effect of nutrient deficiencies in soils on biomass production. We show that nutrients can be partly resupplied by enhanced weathering (EW) rock powder application, increasing the effectiveness of tNETs. Depending on the deployed amounts of rock powder, EW could also improve soil hydrology, adding a new dimension to the coupling of tNETs with EW.
Thomas L. Frölicher, Luca Ramseyer, Christoph C. Raible, Keith B. Rodgers, and John Dunne
Biogeosciences, 17, 2061–2083,Short summary
Climate variations can have profound impacts on marine ecosystems. Here we show that on global scales marine ecosystem drivers such as temperature, pH, O2 and NPP are potentially predictable 3 (at the surface) and more than 10 years (subsurface) in advance. However, there are distinct regional differences in the potential predictability of these drivers. Our study suggests that physical–biogeochemical forecast systems have considerable potential for use in marine resource management.
Angélique Hameau, Thomas L. Frölicher, Juliette Mignot, and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 17, 1877–1895,Short summary
Ocean deoxygenation and warming are observed and projected to intensify under continued greenhouse gas emissions. Whereas temperature is considered the main climate change indicator, we show that in certain regions, thermocline doxygenation may be detectable before warming.
Didier G. Leibovici, Shaun Quegan, Edward Comyn-Platt, Garry Hayman, Maria Val Martin, Mathieu Guimberteau, Arsène Druel, Dan Zhu, and Philippe Ciais
Biogeosciences, 17, 1821–1844,Short summary
Analysing the impact of environmental changes due to climate change, e.g. geographical spread of climate-sensitive infections (CSIs) and agriculture crop modelling, may require land surface modelling (LSM) to predict future land surface conditions. There are multiple LSMs to choose from. The paper proposes a multivariate spatio-temporal data science method to understand the inherent uncertainties in four LSMs and the variations between them in Nordic areas for the net primary production.
Joeran Maerz, Katharina D. Six, Irene Stemmler, Soeren Ahmerkamp, and Tatiana Ilyina
Biogeosciences, 17, 1765–1803,Short summary
Marine micro-algae bind carbon dioxide, CO2. During their decay, snowflake-like aggregates form that sink, remineralize and transport organically bound CO2 to depth; this is referred to as the biological carbon pump. In our model study, we elucidate how variable aggregate composition impacts the global pattern of vertical carbon fluxes. Our mechanistic model approach advances the representation of the global biological carbon pump and promotes a more realistic projection under climate change.
Allan Buras, Anja Rammig, and Christian S. Zang
Biogeosciences, 17, 1655–1672,Short summary
This study compares the climatic conditions and ecosystem response of the extreme European drought of 2018 with the previous extreme drought of 2003. Using gridded climate data and satellite-based remote sensing information, our analyses qualify 2018 as the new European record drought with wide-ranging negative impacts on European ecosystems. Given the observation of forest-legacy effects in 2019 we call for Europe-wide forest monitoring to assess forest vulnerability to climate change.
Sten Anslan, Mina Azizi Rad, Johannes Buckel, Paula Echeverria Galindo, Jinlei Kai, Wengang Kang, Laura Keys, Philipp Maurischat, Felix Nieberding, Eike Reinosch, Handuo Tang, Tuong Vi Tran, Yuyang Wang, and Antje Schwalb
Biogeosciences, 17, 1261–1279,Short summary
Due to the high elevation, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is affected more strongly than the global average by climate warming. As a result of increasing air temperature, several environmental processes have accelerated, such as melting glaciers, thawing permafrost and grassland degradation. We review several modern and paleoenvironmental changes forced by climate warming in the lake system of Nam Co to shape our understanding of global warming effects on current and future geobiodiversity.
Natalia Gnatiuk, Iuliia Radchenko, Richard Davy, Evgeny Morozov, and Leonid Bobylev
Biogeosciences, 17, 1199–1212,Short summary
We analysed the ability of 34 climate models to reproduce main factors affecting the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi blooms in six Arctic and sub-Arctic seas. Furthermore, we proposed a procedure of ranking and selecting these models based on the model’s skill in reproducing 10 important oceanographic, meteorological, and biochemical variables in comparison with observation data and demonstrated that the proposed methodology shows a better result than commonly used all-model averaging.
M. Rosario Lorenzo, María Segovia, Jay T. Cullen, and María T. Maldonado
Biogeosciences, 17, 757–770,Short summary
Pritha Tutasi and Ruben Escribano
Biogeosciences, 17, 455–473,Short summary
Vertical migration of zooplankton has rarely been studied under the effect of a variable community structure, which depending on the behavior and size of its groups can strongly alter the magnitude of C being actively taken to depth by migrants. Here, we address this issue in a highly productive upwelling system, where a high amount of zooplankton can daily move below the mixed layer despite presence of an extremely low–oxygen water and so contribute to a significant export of C to depth.
Frances E. Hopkins, Philip D. Nightingale, John A. Stephens, C. Mark Moore, Sophie Richier, Gemma L. Cripps, and Stephen D. Archer
Biogeosciences, 17, 163–186,Short summary
We investigated the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on the production of climate active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) in polar waters. We found that polar DMS production was unaffected by OA – in contrast to temperate waters, where large increases in DMS occurred. The regional differences in DMS response may reflect natural variability in community adaptation to ambient carbonate chemistry and should be taken into account in predicting the influence of future DMS emissions on Earth's climate.
Nidhi Jha, Nitin Kumar Tripathi, Wirong Chanthorn, Warren Brockelman, Anuttara Nathalang, Raphaël Pélissier, Siriruk Pimmasarn, Pierre Ploton, Nophea Sasaki, Salvatore G. P. Virdis, and Maxime Réjou-Méchain
Biogeosciences, 17, 121–134,Short summary
Carbon stocks and dynamics are both uncertain in tropical forests, especially in Asia. We here quantify the carbon stock and recovery rate of a Thai landscape using airborne lidar and four decades of Landsat data. We show that the landscape has a high carbon stock despite its disturbance history and that secondary forests are accumulating carbon at high rate. Our study shows the potential synergy of remote sensing and field data to characterize the carbon dynamics of tropical forests.
Thorben Amann, Jens Hartmann, Eric Struyf, Wagner de Oliveira Garcia, Elke K. Fischer, Ivan Janssens, Patrick Meire, and Jonas Schoelynck
Biogeosciences, 17, 103–119,Short summary
Weathering is a major control on atmospheric CO2 at geologic timescales. Enhancement of this process can be used to actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Field results are still scarce and with this experiment we try to add some near-natural insights into dissolution processes. Results show CO2 sequestration potentials but also highlight the strong variability of outcomes that can be expected in natural environments. Such experiments are of the utmost importance to identify key processes.
Rachel Dietrich and Madhur Anand
Biogeosciences, 16, 4815–4827,Short summary
In shade-tolerant tree species, growth is not strictly related to tree age. In this study we show that novel tree ring standardization models that incorporate tree size in the year of ring formation produce more accurate chronologies than those produced by contemporary, age-based standardization models. These findings are important for accurate and reliable long-term trend reconstruction in tree ring studies in all species but are especially so for shade-tolerant species.
Laurie M. Charrieau, Karl Ljung, Frederik Schenk, Ute Daewel, Emma Kritzberg, and Helena L. Filipsson
Biogeosciences, 16, 3835–3852,Short summary
We reconstructed environmental changes in the Öresund during the last 200 years, using foraminifera (microfossils), sediment, and climate data. Five zones were identified, reflecting oxygen, salinity, food content, and pollution levels for each period. The largest changes occurred ~ 1950, towards stronger currents. The foraminifera responded quickly (< 10 years) to the changes. Moreover, they did not rebound when the system returned to the previous pattern, but displayed a new equilibrium state.
Mikkel Bennedsen, Eric Hillebrand, and Siem Jan Koopman
Biogeosciences, 16, 3651–3663,Short summary
Is the fraction of anthropogenically released CO2 that remains in the atmosphere increasing? Is the rate at which the ocean and land sinks take up CO2 from the atmosphere decreasing? We analyse these questions by means of a statistical dynamic multivariate model from which we estimate the unobserved trend processes together with the parameters that govern them. We find no statistical evidence of an increasing airborne fraction, but we do find statistical evidence of a decreasing sink rate.
Alexandra T. Holland, Christopher J. Williamson, Fotis Sgouridis, Andrew J. Tedstone, Jenine McCutcheon, Joseph M. Cook, Ewa Poniecka, Marian L. Yallop, Martyn Tranter, Alexandre M. Anesio, and The Black & Bloom Group
Biogeosciences, 16, 3283–3296,Short summary
This paper provides a preliminary data set for dissolved nutrient abundance in the Dark Zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet. This 15-year marked darkening has since been attributed to glacier algae blooms, yet has not been accounted for in current melt rate models. We conclude that the dissolved organic phase dominates surface ice environments and that factors other than macronutrient limitation control the extent and magnitude of the glacier algae blooms.
Thorben Amann and Jens Hartmann
Biogeosciences, 16, 2949–2960,Short summary
With the recent publication of the IPCC special report on the 1.5 °C target and increased attention on carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies, we think it is time to advance from the current way of looking at specific strategies to a more holistic CDR perspective, since multiple "side effects" may lead to additional CO2 uptake into different carbon pools. This paper explores potential co-benefits between terrestrial CDR strategies to facilitate a maximum CO2 sequestration effect.
Angélique Hameau, Juliette Mignot, and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 16, 1755–1780,Short summary
The observed decrease of oxygen and warming in the ocean may adversely affect marine ecosystems and their services. We analyse results from an Earth system model for the last millennium and the 21st century. We find changes in temperature and oxygen due to fossil fuel burning and other human activities to exceed natural variations in many ocean regions already today. Natural variability is biased low in earlier studies neglecting forcing from past volcanic eruptions and solar change.
Stefan Kruse, Alexander Gerdes, Nadja J. Kath, Laura S. Epp, Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Biogeosciences, 16, 1211–1224,Short summary
How fast might the arctic treeline in northern central Siberia migrate northwards under current global warming? To answer this, we newly parameterized dispersal processes in the individual-based and spatially explicit model LAVESI-WIND based on parentage analysis. Simulation results show that northernmost open forest stands are migrating at an unexpectedly slow rate into tundra. We conclude that the treeline currently lags behind the strong warming and will remain slow in the upcoming decades.
Rasoul Yousefpour, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, and Julia Pongratz
Biogeosciences, 16, 241–254,Short summary
Global forest resources are accounted for to establish their potential to sink carbon in woody biomass. Climate prediction models realize the effects of future global forest utilization rates, defined by population demand and its evolution over time. However, forest management approaches consider the supply side to realize a sustainable forest carbon stock and adapt the harvest rates to novel climate conditions. This study simulates such an adaptive sustained yield approach.
Terhikki Manninen, Tuula Aalto, Tiina Markkanen, Mikko Peltoniemi, Kristin Böttcher, Sari Metsämäki, Kati Anttila, Pentti Pirinen, Antti Leppänen, and Ali Nadir Arslan
Biogeosciences, 16, 223–240,Short summary
The surface albedo time series CLARA-A2 SAL was used to study trends in the timing of the melting season of snow and preceding albedo value in Finland during 1982–2016 to assess climate change. The results were in line with operational snow depth data, JSBACH land ecosystem model, SYKE fractional snow cover and greening-up data. In the north a clear trend to earlier snowmelt onset, increasing melting season length, and decrease in pre-melt albedo (related to increased stem volume) was observed.
Yuan Meng, Zhenbin Guo, Susan C. Fitzer, Abhishek Upadhyay, Vera B. S. Chan, Chaoyi Li, Maggie Cusack, Haimin Yao, Kelvin W. K. Yeung, and Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
Biogeosciences, 15, 6833–6846,Short summary
The paper revealed a potential structural deterioration induced by ocean acidification on the shells of an ecologically and economically important oyster, which is critical to forecasting the survival and production of edible oysters in the future ocean. Importantly, this is a multidisciplinary collaboration including aquaculture, crystallography, medical and materials science, which could be applied to other biomineral systems to hierarchically analyse the impact of ocean acidification.
Dominik Thom, Werner Rammer, Rita Garstenauer, and Rupert Seidl
Biogeosciences, 15, 5699–5713,Short summary
Over the past decades temperate forests were a carbon (C) sink to the atmosphere. Yet the drivers of C uptake and how these affect the future carbon cycle remain uncertain. Our simulation and study revealed that the future C sink of central European forest landscapes is strongly driven by historic land use, while climate change reduces forest C uptake. Compared to land-use change, past natural disturbances (wind and bark beetles) have only marginal effects on the future carbon cycle.
Michael M. Loranty, Benjamin W. Abbott, Daan Blok, Thomas A. Douglas, Howard E. Epstein, Bruce C. Forbes, Benjamin M. Jones, Alexander L. Kholodov, Heather Kropp, Avni Malhotra, Steven D. Mamet, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Susan M. Natali, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Gareth K. Phoenix, Adrian V. Rocha, Oliver Sonnentag, Ken D. Tape, and Donald A. Walker
Biogeosciences, 15, 5287–5313,Short summary
Vegetation and soils strongly influence ground temperature in permafrost ecosystems across the Arctic and sub-Arctic. These effects will cause differences rates of permafrost thaw related to the distribution of tundra and boreal forests. As the distribution of forests and tundra change, the effects of climate change on permafrost will also change. We review the ecosystem processes that will influence permafrost thaw and outline how they will feed back to climate warming.
Aisling Fontanini, Alexandra Steckbauer, Sam Dupont, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 15, 3717–3729,Short summary
Invertebrate species of the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden) were exposed to four different treatments (high/low oxygen and low/high CO2) and respiration measured. Respiration responses of species of contrasting habitats and life-history strategies to single and multiple stressors was evaluated. Results show that the responses of the respiration were highly species specific as we observed both synergetic as well as antagonistic responses, and neither phylum nor habitat explained trends in respiration.
Jie Wang, Bayden D. Russell, Meng-Wen Ding, and Yun-Wei Dong
Biogeosciences, 15, 2803–2817,Short summary
To understand ecological impacts of CO2-induced ocean acidification and temperature rise, a key question is if organisms become more vulnerable under multiple stressors. Here we tested heart rate and gene expression levels of a limpet under varying pCO2 and temperature. Results showed that while many individuals are more vulnerable to heat stress under high CO2 and increased temperature, some animals have the ability to alter their physiology to help them survive under future conditions.
Ting Liu, Liang Wang, Xiaojuan Feng, Jinbo Zhang, Tian Ma, Xin Wang, and Zongguang Liu
Biogeosciences, 15, 1627–1641,Short summary
Compared to the respiration process, few studies have examined soil carbon leaching possibly enhanced by extreme precipitation events (EPEs). We show that soil carbon leaching was much higher than CO2 loss through respiration under EPEs in grassland soils through incubation experiments. The soil carbon leaching process should be incorporated into soil carbon models when estimating carbon balance in grassland ecosystems, especially considering the projected increase in EPEs with climate change.
Justine L. Ramage, Anna M. Irrgang, Anne Morgenstern, and Hugues Lantuit
Biogeosciences, 15, 1483–1495,Short summary
We describe the evolution of thaw slumps between 1952 and 2011 along the Yukon Coast, Canada, and calculate the contribution of the slumps to the carbon budget in this area. The number of slumps has increased by 73 % over the period. These slumps displaced more than 16 billion m3 of material and mobilized 146 t of carbon. This represents 0.6 % of the annual carbon flux released from shoreline retreat, which shows that the contribution of slumps to the nearshore carbon budget is non-negligible.
Emeline Chaste, Martin P. Girardin, Jed O. Kaplan, Jeanne Portier, Yves Bergeron, and Christelle Hély
Biogeosciences, 15, 1273–1292,Short summary
A vegetation model was used to reconstruct fire activity from 1901 to 2012 in relation to changes in lightning ignition, climate, and vegetation in eastern Canada's boreal forest. The model correctly simulated the history of fire activity. The results showed that fire activity is ignition limited but is also greatly affected by both climate and vegetation. This research aims to develop a vegetation model that could be used to predict the future impacts of climate changes on fire activity.
Rong Bi, Stefanie M. H. Ismar, Ulrich Sommer, and Meixun Zhao
Biogeosciences, 15, 1029–1045,Short summary
We observed that N : P supply ratios had the strongest effect on C : N : P stoichiometry, while temperature and pCO2 played more influential roles on PIC : POC and polyunsaturated fatty acid proportions in Emiliania huxleyi. Synergistic interactions indicated the enhanced effect of warming under nutrient deficiency and high pCO2. Simultaneous changes of elements and fatty acids should be considered when predicting future roles of E. huxleyi in biogeochemical cycles and ecological functions.
Wenmin Zhang, Martin Brandt, Xiaoye Tong, Qingjiu Tian, and Rasmus Fensholt
Biogeosciences, 15, 319–330,
Lei Jiang, You-Fang Sun, Yu-Yang Zhang, Guo-Wei Zhou, Xiu-Bao Li, Laurence J. McCook, Jian-Sheng Lian, Xin-Ming Lei, Sheng Liu, Lin Cai, Pei-Yuan Qian, and Hui Huang
Biogeosciences, 14, 5741–5752,Short summary
The negative effects of elevated temperature (31 °C) on larval settlement of P. damicornis was greatly tempered by diurnal temperature fluctuations, whilst diel oscillations in temperature reduced the heat stress on photo-physiology of coral recruits. Although elevated temperature greatly stimulated the growth of recruits, the daytime encounters with the maximum temperature of 33 °C in the fluctuating treatment elicited a notable reduction in calcification.
Siv K. Lauvset, Jerry Tjiputra, and Helene Muri
Biogeosciences, 14, 5675–5691,Short summary
Solar radiation management (SRM) is suggested as a method to offset global warming and to buy time to reduce emissions. Here we use an Earth system model to project the impact of SRM on future ocean biogeochemistry. This work underscores the complexity of climate impacts on ocean primary production and highlights the fact that changes are driven by an integrated effect of many environmental drivers, which all change in different ways.
Bodirsky, B.L., Rolinski, S., Biewald, A., Weindl, I., Popp, A., and Lotze-Campen, H.: Global food demand projections for the 21st century, in preparation, 2012.
Bondeau, A., Smith, P. C., Zaehle, S., Schaphoff, S., Lucht, W., Cramer, W., Gerten, D., Lotze-Campen, H., Müller, C., Reichstein, M., and Smith, B.: Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 679–706, 2007.
Bouwman, A. F., Van Drecht, G., and Van der Hoek, K. W.: Nitrogen surface balances in intensive agricultural production systems in different world regions for the period 1970–2030, Pedosphere, 15, 137–155, 2005.
Bouwman, A. F., Beusen, A., and Billen, G.: Human alteration of the global nitrogen and phosphorus soil balances for the period 1970–2050, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, 1–15 2009.
Bouwman, L., Goldewijk, K. K., Van Der Hoek, K. W., Beusen, A. H. W., Van Vuuren, D. P., Willems, J., Rufino, M. C., and Stehfest, E.: Exploring global changes in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in agriculture induced by livestock production over the 1900–2050 period, Livestock and Global Change Special Feature, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1–6, 2011.
Boyer, E. W., Howarth, J., Dentener, F. J., Cleveland, C., Asner, G. P., Green, P., and Vörösmarty, C.: Current nitrogen inputs to world regions, in: Agriculture and the nitrogen cycle: assessing the impacts of fertilizer use on food production and the environment, 221–230, Island Press, Washington DC, 2004.
Brink, C., van Grinsven, H., Jacobsen, B. H., Rabl, A., Gren, I., Holland, M., Zbigniew, K., Hicks, K., Brouwer, R., Dickens, R., Willems, J., Termansen, M., Velthof, G., Alkemade, R., van Oorschot, M., and Webb, J.: Costs and benefits of nitrogen in the environment, in: The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Butterbach-Bahl, K., Nemitz, E., Zaehle, S., Billen, G., Boeckx, P., Erisman, J. W., Garnier, J., Upstill-Goddard, R., Kreuzer, M., Oenema, O., Reis, S., Schaap, M., Simpson, D., de Vries, W., Winiwarter, W., and Sutton, M. A.: Nitrogen as threat to European greenhouse balance, in: The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Chan, K. and Lim, K.: Use of the Oil Palm Waste Material for Increased Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Development in Malaysia, 213–243, 1980.
CIESIN: Country-level Population and Downscaled Projections based on the B2 Scenario, 1990–2100, available at: http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/datasets/downscaled, last access: 13 September 2011, 2002a.
CIESIN: Country-level GDP and Downscaled Projections based on the A1, A2, B1, and B2 Marker Scenarios, 1990–2100, available at: http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/datasets/downscaled, last access: 13 September 2011, 2002b.
Crutzen, P. J., Mosier, A. R., Smith, K. A., and Winiwarter, W.: N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 389–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-389-2008, 2008.
Daberkow, S., Poulisse, J., and Vroomen, H.: Fertilizer requirements in 2015 and 2030, Tech. rep., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, 2000.
Davidson, E. A.: Representative Concentration Pathways and Mitigation Scenarios for Nitrous Oxide, Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 024005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024005, 2012.
Dawson, J. C., Huggins, D. R. , and Jones, S. S.: Characterizing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems to Improve the Performance of Cereal Crops in Low-input and Organic Agricultural Systems, Field Crop. Res., 107, 89–101, 2008.
Delgado, C.: Livestock to 2020: The next food revolution, vol. 28, Intl. Food Policy Res. Inst., 1–72, 1999.
Dentener, F.: Global Maps of Atmpshperic Nitrogen Deposition, 1860, 1993 and 2050, available at: http://daac.ornl.gov/, last access: 5 October 2011, 2006.
Dietrich, J. P.: Efficient treatment of cross-scale interactions in a land-use model, Dissertation, Humboldt-University, Berlin, 2011.
Dobermann, A. R.: Nitrogen Use Efficiency-state of the Art., IFA International Workshop on Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers, Frankfurt (Germany), 2005.
EC-JRC/PBL: Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), release version 4.2, available at: http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu, last access: 3 January 2012, 2011.
Eggleston, H. S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., Tanabe, K., and Hayama, K. (Eds.): 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kanagawa, Japan, 2006.
Erisman, J. W., Sutton, M. A., Galloway, J., Klimont, Z., and Winiwarter, W.: How a Century of Ammonia Synthesis Changed the World., Nature Geosci., 1, 636–639, 2008.
Dogan, K., Celik, I., Gok, M., and Coskan, A.: Effect of Different Soil Tillage Methods on Rhizobial Nodulation, Biyomas and Nitrogen Content of Second Crop Soybean., Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 5, 3186–3194, 2011.
FAO: Scaling soil nutrient balances, FAO fertilizer and plant nutrition bulletin, 15, Rome, 1–132, 2004.
FAOSTAT: Database collection of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [CD-ROM], 2005.
FAOSTAT: Database collection of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, available at:www.faostat.fao.org, 2011.
Feller, C., Fink, M., Laber, H., Maync, A., Paschold, P., Scharpf, H., Sclaghecken, J., Strohmeyer, K., Weier, U., and Ziegler, J.: Düngung im Freilandgemüsebau, Schriftenreihe des Leibniz-Instituts für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau (IGZ), 4, 2007.
Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D.W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D.C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M. and Van Dorland, R.: Chapter 2: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S. D., Qin, M. M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K., Tignor, M., and Miller, H., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
Fritsch, F.: Nährstoffgehalte in Düngemitteln und im Erntegut; für die Düngeplanung; für Nährstoffvergleiche, Tech. rep., Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinhessen-Nahe-Hunsrück, Bad Kreuznach, 2007.
Galloway, J. N., Dentener, F. J., Capone, D. G., Boyer, E. W., Howarth, R. W., Seitzinger, S. P., Asner, G. P., Cleveland, C. C., Green, P. A., Holland, E. A., Karl, D. M., Michaels, A. F., Porter, J. H., Townsend, A. R., and Vöosmarty, C. J.: Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future, Biogeochemistry, 70, 153–226, 2004.
Gerten, D., Schaphoff, S., Haberlandt, U., Lucht, W., and Sitch, S.: Terrestrial vegetation and water balance. Hydrological evaluation of a dynamic global vegetation model, J. Hydrol., 286, 249–270, 2004.
Grizzetti, B., Bouraoui, F., Billen, G., van Grinsven, H., Cardoso, A. C., Thieu, V., Garnier, J., Curtis, C., Howarth, R., and Johnes, P.: Nitrogen as threat to European water quality, in: The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Gustavsson, J., Cedersberg, C., and Sonesson, U.: Global Food Losses and Food Waste, Tech. rep., FAO, Düsseldorf, 2011.
Heidelbaugh, N. D., Huber, C. S., Bednarczyk, J. F., Smith, M. C., Rambaut, P. C., and Wheeler, H. O.: Comparison of three methods for calculating protein content of foods, J. Agr. Food Chem., 23, 611–613, 1975.
Herridge, D. F., Peoples, M. B., and Boddey, R. M.: Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in agricultural systems, Plant Soil, 311, 1–18, 2008.
IFADATA: Statistical database of the International Fertilizer Association (IFA), available at: www.fertilizer.org/ifa/ifadata/, last access: 23 November 2010, 2011.
IPCC: Volume 2: Workboook, Chapter 4: Agriculture, in: Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), 1996.
Jansson, M., Andersson, R., Berggren, H., and Leonardson, L.: Wetlands and Lakes as Nitrogen Traps, Ambio, 23, 320–325, 1994.
Khalid, H., Zin, Z., and Anderson, J. M.: Nutrient cycling in an oil palm plantation: the effects of residue management practices during replanting on dry matter and nutrient uptake of young palms, J. Oil Palm Res., 12, 29–37, 2000.
Klein Goldewijk, K., Beusen, A., van Drecht, G., and de Vos, M.: The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human-induced global land-use change over the past 12 000 years, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 20, 73–86, 2011a.
Klein Goldewijk, K.: personal communication, 2011b.
Lal, R.: World crop residues production and implications of its use as a biofuel, Environment International, 31, 575–584, 2005.
Leach, A. M., Galloway, J. N., Bleeker, A., Erisman, J. W., Kohn, R. A., and Kitzes, J.: A nitrogen footprint model to help consumers understand their role in nitrogen losses and environment, Environ. Dev., 1, 40–66, 2012.
Liu, J., You, L., Amini, M., Obersteiner, M., Herrero, M., Zehnder, A. J. B., and Yang, H.: A high-resolution assessment on global nitrogen flows in cropland, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 8035–8040, 2010a.
Liu, J., You, L., Amini, M., Obersteiner, M., Herrero, M., Zehnder, A. J. B., and Yang, H.: Supporting information: A high-resolution assessment on global nitrogen flows in cropland, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 8035–8040, 2010b.
Lotze-Campen, H., Müller, C., Bondeau, A., Rost, S., Popp, A., and Lucht, W.: Global food demand, productivity growth, and the scarcity of land and water resources: a spatially explicit mathematical programming approach, Agr. Econ., 39, 325–338, 2008.
Marchaim, U.: Biogas processes for sustainable development, Tech. rep., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1992.
Mauney, J. R., Kimball, B. A., Pinter Jr., P. J., LaMorte, R. L., Lewin, K. F., Nagy, J., and Hendrey, G. R.: Growth and yield of cotton in response to a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) environment, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 70, 49–67, 1994.
Moldanova, J., Grennfelt, P., Jonsson, A., Simpson, D., Spranger, T., Aas, W., Munthe, J., and Rabl, A.: Nitrogen as a threat to European air quality, in: The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Mosier, A., Duxbury, J., Freney, J., Heinemeyer, O., and Minami, K.: Assessing and Mitigating N2O Emissions from Agricultural Soils, Clim. Change, 40, 7–38, 1998.
Moss, R.H., Edmonds, J. A. ,Hibbard, K. A. ,Manning, M. R. ,Rose, S. K. ,van Vuuren, D. P., Carter, T. R. ,Emori, S. ,Kainuma, M. ,Kram, T. ,Meehl, G. A. ,Mitchell, J. F. B. ,Nakicenovic, N. ,Riahi, K. ,Smith, S. J. ,Stouffer, R. J. ,Thomson, A. M. ,Weyant,J. P. and Wilbanks,T. J.: The Next Generation of Scenarios for Climate Change Research and Assessment, Nature, 463, 747–756, 2010.
Nakicenovic, N., Alcamo, J., Davis, G., de Vries, B., Fenhann, J., Gaffin, S., Gregory, K., Grubler, A., Jung, T. Y., Kram, T., La Rovere, E. L., Michaelis, L., Mori, S., Morita, T., Pepper, W., Pitcher, H. M., Price, L., Riahi, K., Roehrl, A., Rogner, H., Sankovski, A., Schlesinger, M., Shukla, P., Smith, S. J., Swart, R., van Rooijen, S., Victor, N., and Dadi, Z.: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios : a special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, US, 2000.
Oenema, O., Bleeker, A., Braathen, N. A., Budnakova, M., Bull, K., Cermak, P., Geupel, M., Hicks, K., Hoft, R., Kozlova, N., Leip, A., Spranger, T., Valli, L., Velthof, G., and Winiwarter, W.: Nitrogen in current European policies, in: The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives, 62–81, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Peoples, M. B. and Herridge, D. F.: Nitrogen fixation by legumes in tropical and subtropical agriculture, Adv. Agron., 4, 155–223, 1990.
Popp, A., Lotze-Campen, H., and Bodirsky, B.: Food consumption, diet shifts and associated non-CO2 greenhouse gases from agricultural production, Global Environ. Chang., 10, 451–462, 2010.
Popp, A., Dietrich, J., Lotze-Campen, H., Klein, D., Bauer, N., Krause, M., Beringer, T., Gerten, D., and Edenhofer, O.: The economic potential of bioenergy for climate change mitigation with special attention given to implications for the land system, Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 1–9, 2011.
Popp, A., Krause, M., Dietrich, J. P., Lotze-Campen, H., Leimbach, M., Beringer, T., and Bauer, N.: Additional CO2 emissions from land use change – forest conservation as a precondition for sustainable production of second generation bioenergy, Ecol. Econ., 74, 64–70, 2012.
Poulsen, H. D. and Kristensen, V. F.: Standard Values for Farm Manure. A Revaluation of the Danish Standard Values concerning the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Content of Manure, DIAS report, 7, 1998.
Ravishankara, A. R., Daniel, J. S., and Portmann, R. W.: Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century, Science, 326, 123–125, 2009.
Roberts, T. L.: Right Product, right rate, right time and right place (The foundation of best management practices for fertilizer), in: Fertilizer Best Management Practices. General Principles, strategy for their adoption and Voluntary Initiatives vs. Regulations, 29–32, Bruxelles, Belgium, 2007.
Rochette, P. and Janzen, H. H.: Towards a Revised Coefficient for Estimating N2O Emissions from Legumes, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 73, 171–179, 2005.
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C. A., Hughes, T., Van Der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Srlin, S., Snyder, P. K., Constanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M, Karlberg, L., Corell, R. W., Fabry, V. J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Livermann, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P. J., and Foley, J.: A safe operating space for humanity, Nature, 461, 472–475, 2009a.
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C. A., Hughes, T., Van Der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sörlin, S., Snyder, P. K., Constanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M, Karlberg, L., Corell, R. W., Fabry, V. J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Livermann, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P. J., and Foley, J.: Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity, Ecol. Soc., 14, 1–32, 2009
Roy, R., Finck, A., Blair, G., and Tandon, H.: Plant nutrition for food security, Ferilizer and plant nutrition bulletin 16, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2006.
Schmitz, C.: The Future of Food Supply in a Constraining Environment, Ph.D. Thesis, Humboldt-University, Berlin, 2012.
Schmitz, C., Dietrich, J. P., Lotze-Campen, H., Müller, C., and Popp, A.: Implementing endogenous technological change in a global land-use model, in: GTAP 13, Annual Conference in Penang, Malysia, 9–11 June, Penang (Malaysia), available at: www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/download/5584.pdf, 2010.
Schmitz, C., Biewald, A., Lotze-Campen, H., Popp, A., Dietrich, J. P., Bodirsky, B., Krause, M., and Weindl, I.: Trading more food: Implications for land use, greenhouse gas emissions, and the food system, Glob. Environ. Chang., 22, 189–209, 2012.
Sheldrick, W. F., Syers, J. K., and Lingard, J.: A conceptual model for conducting nutrient audits at national, regional, and global scales, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 62, 61–72, 2002.
Sitch, S., Smith, B., Prentice, I., Arneth, A., Bondeau, A., Cramer, W., Kaplan, J., Levis, S., Lucht, W., Sykes, M., Thonicke, K., and Venevsky, S.: Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model, Glob. Change Biol., 9, 161–185, 2003.
Sivakumar, M. V. K., Taylor, H. M., and Shaw, R. H.: Top and Root Relations of Field-grown Soybeans., Agron. J., 69, 470–473, 1977.
Smil, V.: Nitrogen in crop production: An account of global flows, Global Biochem. Cy., 13, 647–662, 1999.
Smil, V.: Nitrogen and food production: proteins for human diets, Ambio, 31, 126–131, 2002.
Sosulski, F. W. and Imafidon, G. I.: Amino acid composition and nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors for animal and plant foods, J. Agr. Food Chem., 38, 1351–1356, 1990.
Tilman, D., Fargione, J., Wolff, B., D'Antonio, C., Dobson, A., Howarth, R., Schindler, D., Schlesinger, W. H., Simberloff, D., and Swackhamer, D.: Forecasting Agriculturally Driven Global Environmental Change, Science, 292, 281–284, 2001.
Tubiello, F. N. and Fischer, G.: Reducing Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture: Global and Regional Effects of Mitigation, 2000–2080, Technol. Forecast. Soc., 74, 1030–1056, 2007.
Velthof, G., Barot, S., Bloem, J., Butterbach-Bahl, K., de Vries, W., Kros, J., Lavelle, P., Olesen, J. E., and Oenema, O.: Nitrogen as a threat to European soil quality, in: The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Vitousek, P. M, Aber, J. D., Howarth, R. W., Likens, G. E., Matson, P. A., Schndler, D. W., Schlesinger, W. H., and Tilman, D. G.: Human Alterations of the Global Nitrogen Cycle: Sources and Consequences, Ecol. Appl., 7, 737–750, 1997.
Van Vuuren, D. P., Bouwman, L. F., Smith, S. J., and Dentener, F.: Global Projections for Anthropogenic Reactive Nitrogen Emissions to the Atmosphere: An Assessment of Scenarios in the Scientific Literature, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 3, 359–369, 2011.
Waha, K., van Bussel, L. G. J., Müller, C., and Bondeau, A.: Climate-driven simulation of global crop sowing dates, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 21, 247–259, 2012.
Weindl, I., Lotze-Campen, H., Popp, A., Bodirsky, B., and Rolinski, S.: Impact of livestock feeding technologies on global greenhouse gas emissions, in: IATRC Public Trade Policy Research and Analysis Symposium, Climate Change in World Agriculture: Mitigation, Adaptation, Trade and Food Security, Stuttgart, Germany, 2010.
Wirsenius, S.: Human Use of Land and Organic Materials, Ph.D. thesis, Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden, 2000.
Wolf, B. and Snyder, G. H.: Sustainable Soils: The place of organic matter in sustaining soils and their productivity, The Haworth Press Inc, New York, 1 Edn., 352 pp., 2003.
WORLDBANK: World Development Indicators, available at: http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators, last access: 13 September 2011, 2011. | <urn:uuid:25e72959-f20c-4b49-8027-2471db342057> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/9/4169/2012/bg-9-4169-2012-relations.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.735962 | 16,905 | 2.0625 | 2 |
In upper primary classes, students develop a fear for mathematics. The NCERT textbooks from Class 6th start to focus on developing interest in students’ minds for math. The textbooks are designed to understand the abstract of the mathematical concepts and also encourage students to construct their concepts.
For Class 7 students will have to refer to the NCERT textbook for mathematics. A thorough reading of this textbook will be enough for the students to achieve good marks. Students can also take the help of RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 7 and previous year question papers. Students must prepare sincerely as the concepts from Class 7 are fundamentals for Class 8 and Class 9. The BCSE board always focuses on not only teaching students for the exam but also teaching them to think creatively and using taught knowledge in real life. It encourages the critical and analytical ability of the students making them qualified for any exam. In this article, we will discuss how to prepare for the class 7 exam based on knowing the syllabus, using resources, solving papers, and planning a study strategy from the exam point of view.
Syllabus of Class 7
The CBSE board has authorized the Class 7 NCERT textbook of Mathematics for Class 7. In Class 6th students studied many basic concepts and in Class 7th students will revise these concepts and learn more on these concepts. There are some new concepts in the textbook which can be easily learned from the elucidated structure of the textbook. All the concepts prescribed by the CBSE board are covered in the NCERT textbook. Class 7 NCERT textbook for math includes 15 chapters. Each chapter has 3-4 concepts. Features of this book include simple and easy-to-understand language, adequate coverage for each concept, exercise questions to solve for every concept, and great summarization of every chapter. Integers, Rational numbers, Fractions, and decimals are chapters that are important to study the number system. Data handling, simple equations, and comparing quantities develop students’ data processing ability whereas visualizing solid shapes and symmetry develops the visual reasoning ability of students. Lines and angles, triangles and their properties, Congruence of triangles are specifically focused on triangles and the basic concepts of angles. Practical geometry will teach students about the construction part of geometry whereas Perimeter and area chapter will teach students about the application of geometry and develop their creative ability. Algebraic expressions and exponents and powers will require basic conceptual understanding and these chapters are going to be the building blocks for Class 8 chapters. In this way, the syllabus of Class 7 math has unified many aspects of math and students must learn every concept from the textbook.
Resources to study from for Class 7
For Class 7 math NCERT textbook is a must. Students also can refer to NCERT solutions. NCERT solutions explain the solution for questions from the textbook. It is already known that NCERT textbooks are enough to prepare for Class 7 but supplementing your study with NCERT solutions will give you an edge during the exam. The NCERT textbook teaches concepts and factual data to students but NCERT solutions teach students how to solve the questions from an exam point of view. Practice every question from the textbook. Do not skip any problems which are given in the textbook. Also, practice hard-level questions. For Hard level questions, students should get a question bank from a reliable source. Sometimes online videos are helpful when you are stuck on one concept. Getting another perspective to learning concepts helps in understanding difficult concepts. In this way, students must utilize textbooks, solutions, and online lectures or articles while they are preparing. Using these resources to learn concepts and important skills for exams will yield great results.
Practicing from Sample papers
When students do not solve sample papers, they do not know what chapters they are finding difficult. Learning is one thing and solving questions is a different thing. If the student cannot solve questions based on the concepts, then he/she needs to relearn that concept. Sample papers reveal the weak areas of students. Hence, students must solve sample papers. Students can start with Small weekly tests or chapter-based tests. Solving them will make the retention of understood concepts easy. WHEN YOU COMPLETE more than 80% of the syllabus, you can start with solving sample papers that are exactly followed by the exam pattern of the exam. To solve a variety of difficulty-level papers. Solving hard-level sample papers will test the level of preparation. Solving even 3-4 sample papers can change the level of progress in preparation drastically. But remember to solve sample papers to test yourself. Follow the below tips to solve sample papers –
- Solve papers in conditions that are exactly like in the exam. Do not try to refer to anything just to get good scores in sample papers. Sample papers are meant to reflect your preparation and not for getting high scores.
- Rectify the mistakes done in the sample papers. There is no use in solving many sample papers if the same mistakes are kept on recurring. Note down mistakes. Revise the chapter and practice some basic questions. Then solve that question from the sample paper again. Practicing this way can make you a master of those concepts.
- Keep a record of marks got in sample papers. If marks are not increasing (depending on how difficult the sample papers are) or not showing any change at all then students need to revise the textbook again.
Math subjects can only be mastered by practicing. Keep your resources minimum and use them wisely. If some concepts are difficult to understand, then do not waste them on them. Learn other chapters and list the concepts you did not understand. Learn them again with different perspectives by choosing online videos as guidance. Solving examples and sample papers is important. In the exam, keep calm and believe in your preparation. It is important to solve papers in the exam calmly to avoid simple mistakes. Students must stick to the study plan that they made and they can pass the Class 7 math exam with flying colors. | <urn:uuid:1a04faf3-0cb0-4079-ad7e-8def7bc974f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://quizcurry.com/how-to-study-for-class-7-math-effectively-a-guide-to-get-100-marks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.946965 | 1,213 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Tuesday, January 19, 2021
- Buoy 233 (Pearl Harbor Entrance)/Buoy 238 (Barbers Point): Seas were 8.3 ft @ 14.3 secs with swell 5.2 ft @ 14.6 secs from 317 degrees.
- Buoy 106 (Waimea): Seas were 14.4 ft @ 14.3 secs with swell 7.3 ft @ 14.2 secs from 318 degrees. Water temp 77.9 degs.
- Buoy 46025 (Catalina RDG): Seas were 5.0 ft @ 17.2 secs with swell 3.1 ft @ 16.3 secs from 252 degrees. Wind at the buoy was east at 16-21 kts. Water temperature 59.4 degs. At Harvest Buoy (071) primary swell was 7.3 ft @ 15.9 secs from 289 degrees. At Santa Monica (028) swell was 2.5 ft @ 17.2 secs from 262 degrees. At Oceanside (045) swell was 2.3 ft @ 17.0 secs from 260 degrees. Southward at Point Loma (191) swell was 5.1 ft @ 16.5 secs from 276 degrees.
- Buoy 46012 (Half Moon Bay)/029 (Pt Reyes): Seas were 10.0 ft @ 15.4 secs with swell 4.5 ft @ 15.5 ft from 285 degrees. Wind at the buoy (012) was north-northeast at 27-35 kts. Water temp 52.0 degs (013), 52.3 degs (SF Bar) and 53.4 degs (042).
See Hi-Res Buoy Dashboards (bottom of the page)
Swell Classification Guidelines
Significant: Winter - Swell 8 ft @ 14 secs or greater (11+ ft faces) for 8+ hours (greater than double overhead).
Summer - Head high or better.
Advanced: Winter - Swell and period combination capable of generating faces 1.5 times overhead to double overhead (7-10 ft)
Summer - Chest to head high.
Intermediate/Utility Class: Winter - Swell and period combination generating faces at head high to 1.5 times overhead (4-7 ft).
Summer - Waist to chest high.
Impulse/Windswell: Winter - Swell and period combination generating faces up to head high (1-4 ft) or anything with a period less than 11 secs.
Summer - up to waist high swell. Also called 'Background' swell.
Surf Heights for Hawaii should be consider 'Hawaiian Scale' if period exceeds 14 secs.
On Tuesday (1/19) in North and Central CA waves were 8-10 ft and very lumpy and torn apart by strong north-northeast winds. Protected breaks were head high to 1 ft overhead and torn apart by north winds and unrideable. At Santa Cruz surf was head high to maybe 1-2 ft overhead on the sets and lined up and clean and peeling but soft. In Southern California/Ventura waves were maybe head high and untouchable with 30+ kt southeast winds. Central Orange County had sets at shoulder high and lined up but soft and textured from southeast winds. South Orange County's best summertime breaks were chest high and lined up and clean and soft. North San Diego had sets at 1-2 ft overhead and clean and lined up and peeling but soft. Winds was not an issue. Hawaii's North Shore had waves at 10-12 ft on the sets and pretty ragged and warbled with north lump running through at best spots if not chopped at more exposed breaks and unruly. The South Shore was flat and fairly clean. The East Shore was getting east windswell with waves 1-2 ft overhead and chopped from moderate northeast winds.
See QuikCASTs for the 5 day surf overview or read below for the detailed view.
On Tuesday (1/19) Swell #10 was fading out in California and trashed mostly by a solid Santa Anna wind event. Hawaii was getting swell from a weak system that tracked southeast from off the Kuril Islands Fri-Sun (1/17) with 35 ft seas targeting the Islands well but also bringing weather with it. Beyond a small but solid storm is forecast tracking east off Japan to the dateline Wed-Fri (1/22) with seas to 54 ft then evaporating east of there. A major storm track reorganization is forecast after that shifting west and weakening significantly. A weak gale is forecast tracking off Japan Sun-Tues (1/26) producing 40 ft seas aimed somewhat at Hawaii but not making it to even the dateline. Another is forecast falling southeast through the Northeastern Gulf Mon-Tues (1/26) producing 37 ft seas targeting California.
See all the details below...
SHORT- TERM FORECAST
Current marine weather and wave analysis plus forecast conditions for the next 72 hours
On Tuesday (1/19) the jet was well consolidated pushing due east off Japan with winds building to 180 kts reaching the dateline then splitting north of Hawaii (155W) with a weak flow tracking northeast over the Northern Gulf and into British Columbia and the southern branch falling southeast to the equator. No troughs were present offering no support for gale development. Over the next 72 hours a new trough is to develop in the consolidated portion of the jet west of the dateline tracking east to the dateline on Fri (1/22) offering some support for gale development before fading. Beyond 72 hours the jet is to be regenerating over Japan with winds building to 200 kts falling southeast to a point west of Hawaii on the dateline trying to carve out a new trough there on Sat (1/23) but no quite doing it with the split point retrograding to the dateline and building in solid there. By Mon (1/25) the jet is to be split over Japan consolidating briefly just west of the dateline at 170E then splitting hard with most energy tracking into the northern portion of the jet pushing just south of the Eastern Aleutians then falling southeast and pushing into Central and Southern CA with a trough developing in that flow off Oregon on Tues (1/26) being fed by 150 kt winds offering some support for gale development. But a large ridge is to be north of Hawaii totally shutting down support for gale development there. For the future a full high pressure lockdown looks likely for the core of the North Pacific with the storm track focusing either in the far West Pacific or the far East Pacific.
On Tuesday (1/19) swell from Storm #10 was fading in CA (see Storm #10 below). And swell from a far weaker system previously over the dateline was hitting Hawaii (see Dateline Gale below).
Over the next 72 hours a stronger gale is forecast developing off North Japan Tues PM (1/19) with 55 kt northwest winds and seas building from 37 ft at 41N 159.5E aimed southeast. Fetch holding Wed AM (1/20) at 55 kts over a modest sized area half way to the dateline with 50 ft seas at 41N 167.5E aimed southeast. Fetch is to push east in the evening at 55 kts from the northwest approaching the Dateline with 54 ft seas at 41.5N 172.5E. Northwest winds are to be fading in strength and coverage Thurs AM (1/21) from 45 kts pushing to the dateline with seas 46 ft at 42N 178.5E aimed east. Fetch fading from 40 kts in the evening on the dateline with seas fading from 34 ft at 44N 174W aimed east. This system is to be gone after that. Maybe some swell for Hawaii and lesser size for the US West Coast.
Strong Storm #10 - Target Hawaii
And yet another storm started developing off North Japan on Wed AM (1/13) producing a small area of 40-45 kt northwest winds with seas building. In the evening a decent fetch of northwest winds were falling southeast at 50 kts with seas building from 44 ft at 40.5N 168E aimed southeast. On Thurs AM (1/14) the storm was pushing over the dateline falling southeast with 55 kt northwest winds and seas 52 ft at 39.5N 177E aimed southeast. In the evening the storm was falling southeast with 55 kt northwest winds and sea 55 ft at 38N 175W aimed southeast. On Fri AM (1/15) the storm was tracking east with 50 kt west winds and seas 51 ft at 36N 167.5W aimed east. In the evening the gale was pushing east to almost northeast with 40 kt west winds and seas 43 ft at 37.5N 159.5W aimed east. The gale was fading Sat AM (1/16) while lifting northeast with 35-40 kt west winds and seas fading from 37 ft at 41.5N 152.5W aimed east. The gale to dissipate from there.
Very large and powerful swell for Hawaii and more moderate size for the US West Coast.
North CA: Swell fading on Tues (1/19) fading from 5.9 ft @ 15 secs early (8.5 ft). Dribbles on Wed (1/20) fading from 2.8 ft @ 13 secs (3.5 ft). Swell Direction: 281-292 degrees focused on 287 degrees
A weaker and smaller system tracked east after developing off the Kuril Islands Thurs PM (1/14) with 45 kt northwest winds ands seas building from 30 ft at 44.5N 155E aimed southeast. On Fri AM (1/15) 40 kt northwest winds continued falling southeast with seas building to 35 ft over a small area at 43N 162E aimed southeast. In the evening fetch was falling southeast fast at 35-40 kts with seas 33 ft at 40N 170E aimed southeast at Hawaii. On Sat AM (1/16) northwest winds were 35 kts on the dateline with 31 ft seas at 37.5N 177E aimed southeast. Fetch faded in the evening from 30-35 kts with seas 28 ft at 34.5N 178W aimed southeast. 30 kt north winds continued falling southeast into Sun PM (1/17) with 24 ft seas at 32.5N 165W and impacting Kauai 12 hrs later. Something to monitor.
Hawaii: Raw swell to continue on Tues (1/19) at 7.8 ft @ 13-14 secs (10.5 ft) with local windswell intermixed. Windswell fading on Wed (1/20) from 6.1 ft @ 11-12 secs (7.0 ft). Dribbles fading on Thurs (1/21) from 3.4 ft @ 11 secs (3.5 ft). Swell Direction: 320 degrees moving to 360 degrees
North Pacific Animations: Jetstream - Surface Pressure/Wind - Sea Height - Surf Height
No tropical weather system of interest were being monitored.
California Nearshore Forecast
On Tuesday (1/19) northeast winds were 15-20 kts for all of North CA and 25-35 kts for Central CA focused on San Francisco early fading to 10-15 kts for North and Central CA later but building to to 20-25 kts and even 30+ kts for part of Southern CA later. Wed (1/20) northeast winds are forecast at 5-10 kts for North and Central CA early but 15-20 kts for Southern CA early fading to calm if not northwest 5 kts later and for Southern CA east at 10 kts later. Thurs (1/21) low pressure is to be approaching North CA light winds from the northwest 5 kts for North CA and 10 kts for Central CA turning west 10-15 kts for North CA later and northwest 10 kts for Central CA. Rain developing for Cape Mendocino overnight. On Fri (1/22) weak low pressure is to be falling down the coast just inland with north winds light for North CA early and southwest 10-15 kts for Central CA early turning north 20+ kts for North CA down to Monterey Bay later and northwest 10-15 kts south of there. Rain sweeping south and holding for all of North and Central CA down to Santa Barbara County at sunset and the to San Diego overnight. Snow for the Sierra starting mid-morning holding through the night. Sat (1/23) north winds are forecast at 20-25 kts for North CA to Monterey Bay early at 15 kts south of there to Pt Conception early holding all day though maybe 10 kts later for Bodega Bay to Pigeon Point. Light rain possible for Monterey Bay to San Diego through the day. Snow fading early for the Sierra. Sun (1/24) north winds are forecast at 20 kts for North CA and 10+ kts for Central CA early building to 30 kts for all of North CA later and building over Central CA overnight. Rain pushing south from Cape Mendocino to Pt Conception overnight. Solid snow for the Sierra in the evening. Mon (1/25) north winds are forecast at 20 kts early for North CA and 30 kts from the northwest for Central and South CA pretty much holding all day. Light rain for Cape Mendocino early holding all day. Light rain for Big Sur south to San Diego early fading through the morning. Snow slowly fading from the Sierra through the day. Tues (1/26) southwest winds ahead of a front forecast building to 35 kts for all of North CA by noon pushing south to Central CA in the afternoon. Rain for Cape Mendocino early pushing south to Morro bay later. Snow along the coast at higher elevations of Cape Mendocino early building into a strong snow event along the North Coast later and reaching Tahoe at sunset.
Total snow accumulation for the week for Squaw Valley, Sugar Bowl, Kirkwood and Mammoth at 27 inches, 38 inches, 39 inches, and 38 inches through 1/28.
Freezing level around 10,000 ft into 1/21 then falling steadily, to 1,000 on 1/25 then rising some to 4,000 ft 1/26 and holding.
Snow Models: http://www.stormsurf.com/mdls/menu_snow.html (Scroll down for resort specific forecasts). Updated!
No swell was in the water.
Over the next 72 hours no swell producing weather systems are forecast.
South Pacific Animations: Jetstream - Surface Pressure/Wind - Sea Height - Surf Height
Marine weather and forecast conditions 3-10 days into the future
Beyond 72 hours the storm pattern is to shift and fade compared to weeks past.
A small storm is forecast developing off Southern Japan on Sun PM (1/24) producing 50-55 kt north winds and seas building from 35 ft at 34N 149E aimed south. Fetch is to push east Mon AM (1/25) at 55 kt still aimed south with 43 ft seas at 33N 155.5E aimed south. In the evening fetch is to be fading from barely 45 kts with seas fading from 31 ft at 34N 168E aimed south. Nothing after that. Low odds of any swell resulting for Hawaii.
Also on Mon PM (1/25) a gale is forecast developing in the Northern Gulf with a broad area of 40+ kt northwest winds developing aimed southeast with seas building. On Tues AM (1/26) 40-45 kt northwest winds to be covering a solid area off the US West Coast with seas building to 33 ft at 49N 145W aimed southeast. Fetch fading in coverage in the evening falling southeast at off North CA at 40-45 kts with seas 37 ft at 42N 137W aimed southeast. Something to monitor.
Beyond 72 hours no swell producing weather systems are forecast.
La Nina Continues - Water Temps Warming over Galapagos
The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a periodic weather cycle that tracks east along the equator circumnavigating the globe. It is characterized in it's Inactive Phase by enhanced trade winds and dry weather over the part of the equator it is in control of, and in it's Active Phase by slackening if not an outright reversing trade winds while enhancing precipitation. The oscillation occurs in roughly 20-30 day cycles (Inactive for 20-30 days, then Active for 20-30 days) over any single location on the planet, though most noticeable in the Pacific. During the Active Phase in the Pacific the MJO tends to support the formation of stronger and longer lasting gales resulting in enhanced potential for the formation of swell producing storms. Prolonged and consecutive Active MJO Phases in the Pacific help support the formation of El Nino. During the Inactive Phase the jet stream tends to split resulting in high pressure and less potential for swell producing storm development. Wind anomalies in the Kelvin Wave Generation Area (KWGA) are key for understanding what Phase the MJO is in over the Pacific. The KWGA is located on the equator from 135E-170W and 5 degs north and south (or on the equator from New Guinea east to the dateline). West wind anomalies in the KWGA suggest the Active Phase of the MJO in the Pacific, and east anomalies suggests the Inactive Phase. In turn the Active Phase strengthens and the Inactive Phase weakens the jetstream, which in turn enhances or dampens storm production respectively in the Pacific.And the El Nino/La Nino cycle (collectively know as ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation) is a less frequent (about once every 7 years) but more impactful cycle that affects world wide weather. Specifically, strong El Nino events promote storm production in the Pacific while La Nina events suppress storm production. These therefore have a significant impact on the production of swell and surf. The paragraphs below analyze the state of the MJO and ENSO in the Pacific and provide forecasts for upcoming activity (or inactivity depending on the state and interaction of these two oscillations).
Overview: A double dip La Nina was in control through the Winter of 2017-2018. But warming started building along the South and Central American coast in early March 2018 associated with two upwelling Kelvin Waves, and continued trying to build over equatorial waters over the Summer and Fall, but not enough to declare El Nino and not coupled with the atmosphere. In January 2019, those warm waters were fading, but then rebuilt late in Feb associated with Kelvin Wave (#3). But as of early June 2019 warm water was fading and by August a tongue of cool water was tracking west on the equator from Ecuador over the Galapagos reaching to a point nearly south of Hawaii. El Nino was dead. A bit of a recovery occurred during Fall of 2019, with weak warm water building in the Nino 1.2 region, but cool water held in a pool off Peru and had not changed until March 2020. By April the cool pool pushed east and by May subsurface cool waters erupted off Ecuador, forming a well defined cool tongue that looked like the start of La Nina, holding into July 2020.
LONG-RANGE PACIFIC STORM AND SWELL GENERATION POTENTIAL FORECAST
Fall/Winter 2020/2021 = 3.0/3.5 (California & Hawaii)
Rating based on a 1-10 scale: 1 being the lowest (small and infrequent surf conditions), 5 being normal/average, and 10 being extraordinary (frequent events of large, long period swells)
Rationale: It is assumed the PDO has moved to the warm phase in 2014 and that a weak borderline El Nino from 2018 faded out in the Fall of 2019. A La Nina like ocean temperature pattern developed in the equatorial East Pacific in the summer of 2019, then faded and returned to a neutral if not weak warm status during the Winter of 2019-2020 only to return stronger in the Summer of 2020. We have been suspecting a turn towards a La Nina like atmospheric pattern to develop in the late Winter/early Spring of 2020. Our best hope is that moderation from the warm phase of the PDO might tamp down development of a full blown La Nina as we move into 2020. But at this time that does not appear likely. Given all that, for the 2020 there is decent probability for development of La Nina meaning a reduced number of storm days and storm intensity during the summer season, resulting in a below normal level of swell, with swell being below normal duration and period. And by the Fall and early Winter of 2020/21, the number of storm days, intensity and duration of those storms should fade even more, resulting in depressed swell production. This pattern is expected to hold through the Spring of 2021.
KWGA/Equatorial Surface Wind Analysis & Short-term Forecast (KWGA - Kelvin Wave Generation Area - The area 5 degrees north and south of the equator from 170W to 135E)
Analysis (TAO Buoys): As of (1/18) 5 day average winds were strong from the east over the Eastern equatorial Pacific continuing over the Central Pacific and stronger still from the east over the KWGA. Anomalies were neutral over the East equatorial Pacific building weakly easterly over the Central Pacific and exceedingly strong easterly over the KWGA. (Note: These are 5 day average winds, so they lag what is happening today by about 2 days).
1 Week Forecast (GFS Model): On (1/19) exceedingly strong east anomalies were filling the KWGA and reaching east to a point south of Hawaii. The forecast calls for strong east anomalies fading on 1/20 to moderate if not modest strength in the KWGA and weakening more with a hint of weak west anomalies developing in the KWGA at the end of the model run on 1/26. West anomalies are currently south of California to Ecuador at moderate strength and are forecast holding through the end of the model run.
Kelvin Wave Generation Area wind monitoring model: West and East
- Longer Range MJO/WWB Projections:
OLR Models: (1/18) A weak Inactive MJO pattern was over the dateline and eastern KWGA today. The statistic model projects it holding on day 5 of the model run turning neutral on day 10 with a weak Active signal developing in the KWGA on day 15. The dynamic model suggests a variation of the same thing but with an even weaker pattern suggested.
Phase Diagrams 2 week forecast (ECMF and GEFS): (1/19) The statistical model depicts the Active Phase was very weak over the East Indian Ocean today and is to track to the West Pacific and exceedingly weak on day 15. The GEFS model suggests a variant of the same with the Active Phase making it to the West Pacific on day 7 and very weak then backtracking to the far East Maritime Continent on day 15.
40 day Upper Level Model (assumed to be a statistical mode and 1 week ahead of what is occurring at the surface): (1/18) This model depicts a modest Active MJO pattern (moist air) over the far West Pacific and is to track east while fading moving over Central America on 2/22. A moderate to strong Inactive Phase is to push into the West Pacific on 2/12 pushing east to the Central Pacific at the end of the model run on 2/27 while building in strength.
4 Week CFS Model (850 mb wind): (1/18) This model depicts no MJO signal today with strong east anomalies over the core of the KWGA. The forecast indicates east anomalies are to hold strong through 1/20 then weakening with west anomalies developing 1/22-1/27 driven by a Rossby Wave. Weak to modest east anomalies are to return 2/1 holding through the end of the model run on 2/15. The low pass filter indicates perhaps some weakening in strength of high pressure bias over the KWGA currently with 2 contour lines fading to 1 contour line on 2/6.
3 Month CFS Model (850 mb wind): (1/19 - using the 4th/latest ensemble member): This model depicts a weak Inactive MJO signal over the KWGA today with moderate to strong east anomalies in control focused over the dateline. The Inactive Phase of the MJO is to track east and fade through 1/24 while a weak Active Phase starts building in from the west building modestly over the KWGA on 2/1 and holding till 2/27 but with weak west anomalies developing and holding weakly over the KWGA. A strong Inactive MJO is to return 2/10 tracking through the KWGA through the end of the model run on 4/18 and exiting east at that time with east anomalies at moderate strength in control. An Active Phase is to follow on 2/18 building into the KWGA through the end of the model run with moderate west anomalies trying to take over the KWGA. The low pass filter indicates a high pressure bias is firmly in control over the dateline today with 4 contour lines reaching east to a point south of California. The forth contour line is to fade on 2/27. A double contour low pressure bias is over the Indian Ocean today and is to build in coverage with the second contour line holding through 2/19 the theoretically shrinking in coverage from the west on 3/8. No realistic change in the coverage or position of either is forecast. East anomalies that were previously solid in the Indian Ocean for over a year migrated east through the West Pacific to the East Pacific on 10/1 and have stabilized there.
CFSv2 3 month forecast for 850 mb winds, MJO, Rossby etc - Alternate link
Subsurface Waters Temps
TAO Array: (1/19) Today in the far West Pacific the 30 and 29 deg isotherms were gone. The 28 deg isotherm line was retrograding from 166E to 162E today. The 24 deg isotherm was easing east to 120W today ad losing coverage. Anomaly wise, warm anomalies +3 deg C were locked steady in the West Pacific pushing east to 165W at depth and moving no further east. A broad cooling pattern was controlling the entire equatorial Pacific with anomalies -1 degs C in the far East, weaker than weeks past, but building to -2C at 140W and west from there. The hi-res GODAS animation posted 1/13 indicates the same thing. Negative anomalies in the East Pacific were the least negative at any time in months. The GODAS animation appears to be 1 week behind the TAO data but also is more detailed and accurately modeled.
Sea Level Anomalies: (1/13) Negative anomalies were forming a wave pushing west from the Galapagos to the dateline on the equator at -5 to -10 cms continuous over that area with 2 small pockets to -15 cms at 140W and 155W. Negative anomalies were -5 to -10 cms along the coast of Peru up into Ecuador and reaching north up to Baja and -5 to -10 cms into South and North CA. Looking at the big picture, negative anomalies were forming a massive triangle from Cape Mendocino to the intersection of the dateline and equator then into Southern Chile. No positive anomalies were over the equatorial Pacific, except from the dateline and points west of there. But the triangle was not as strong as weeks past but not substantially weakening either.
Surface Water Temps
The more warm water in the equatorial East Pacific means more storm production in the North Pacific during winter months (roughly speaking). Cold water in that area has a dampening effect. Regardless of what the atmospheric models and surface winds suggest, actual water temperatures are a ground-truth indicator of what is occurring in the ocean. All data is from blended infrared and microwave sensors.
Hi-res Nino1.2 & 3.4: (1/18) The latest images indicate warm anomalies were building on the equator from Ecuador west to 130W and then cooler on the equator out to the dateline. But solid cool anomalies were along Chile extending west-northwest to the dateline. But no markedly cooler imbedded pockets were present in the east but several were in the west between 150-170W. And the overall cool pool does not look as cold as weeks and months past. Cool anomalies were gaining a little strength along the coast of Peru with stray pockets of warming fading in coverage along the South Peruvian Coast. This clearly indicates a well developed version of La Nina filling the entire equatorial Pacific and down into Chile. But the overall cool intensity of that pool appears to be waning. We are past the peak of this event.
Hi-res 7 day Trend (1/18): Temps continue weakly warming off Chile and Peru reaching west to 125W. And pockets of warming were occurring on the equator from Ecuador to 120W. The balance still looks like warming is taking the upper hand.
Hi-res Overview: (1/15) A stream of consistent cool water is well entrenched from Chile up to Peru and Ecuador tracking west on the equator out to the dateline and west to New Guinea. But the trail of markedly cool anomalies previously imbedded in that flow is gone. The peak of La Nina is past.
Nino1.2 Daily CDAS Index Temps: (1/19) Today's temps were falling today down from -0.482 on (1/11) to -0.830 today. A previous peak of -0.595 occurred on 12/11. This area has been on a seesaw rising trend since early October. Temps were previously down to -2.138 on 8/13. The longterm trend has been steady but quite cold since June.
Nino 3.4 Daily CDAS Index Temps: (1/19) Temps were mostly steady after rising to -0.969 on 1/4 and -1.007 today after bottoming out at -1.654 on 11/3, beating the previous low of -0.945 on 9/22. The previous low before that was -0.733 on 9/10. Temps have been on a steady decline since 7/25. Overall the trend appears to be in a steep decline.
CFSV2 Forecast for Nino3.4 Sea Surface Temp (SST) Anomalies & Current SST Anomalies
SST Anomaly Projections
CFSv2 Uncorrected Data (1/19) Actuals per the model indicates temps rose to -0.75 degs mid-Jan after bottoming out in early Nov at -1.25 degs. The forecast depicts temps slowly rising moving forward to -0.55 degs in April and holding then fading some to -0.65 degs in mid Oct. This is likely becoming a 2 year event in that even if temps were to return to normal in July it would take 3-5 months for the upper level circulation to respond in kind. But we suspect a strong El Nino might be building right behind the current La Nina.
IRI Consensus Plume: The Oct 21, 2020 Plume depicts temps are at -1.10 degs today, and are to hold into Dec, then moderating and starting to rise some to -0.89 by Jan 2021 and then neutral by June. Most models are suggesting a moderate to La Nina returning to Neutral in the late Spring. See chart here - link.
Atmospheric Coupling (Indicating the presence of El Nino in the atmosphere driven by the ocean):
Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) (negative is good, positive bad - this is a lagging indicator) (1/19): The daily index was steady at +22.99. The 30 day average was falling to +18.56. The 90 day average was rising to 12.93, clearly in La Nina territory. This index is a lagging indicator.
ESPI Index (like SOI but based on satellite confirmed precipitation. Positive and/or rising is good, negative and/or falling is bad): June -0.67, May -0.46, April 2020 -0.69, March -0.09, Feb +0.65, Jan +0.42, This index was steady positive Aug 2018 through Feb 2020, and now is steady negative, but only weakly so.
Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Per NOAAs index recent values: Jan 2018 +0.29, Feb -0.19, Mar -0.61, April -0.89, May -0.69, June -0.85, July -0.09, Aug -0.43, Sept -0.46, Oct -0.75, Nov -0.78, Dec -0.12, Jan 2019 -0.18, Feb -0.50 Mar -0.23, April +0.10, May +0.14, June -0.11, July +0.44, Aug -0.14, Sept +0.05, Oct -0.96, Nov -0.28, Dec +0.01, Jan 2020 -1.17, This continues to look like the warm phase of the PDO. No consistently solid negative readings have occurred since Feb 2014
The Washington/JISAO index (Jan-Dec): Jan 2018 +0.70. Feb +0.37, Mar -0.05, April +0.11, May +0.11, June -0.04, July +0.11, Aug +0.18, Sept +0.09. No real negative readings have occurred since Dec 2013
The PDO turned from a 16 year negative run (Jan 98-Feb 2014) in early 2014 and has been positive ever since (other than a few months of negative readings in Fall 2016, the result of a turn towards La Nina). Looking at the long term record, it is premature to conclude that we have in-fact turned from the negative phase (La Nina 'like') to the positive phase (El Nino 'like'), but the data strongly suggests that could be a possibility. By the time it is confirmed (4-5 years out), we will be well into it.
See imagery in the ENSO Powertool
External Reference Material: El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Kelvin Wave
Stormsurf Video Surf Forecast for the week starting Sunday (1/17):
For automatic notification of forecast updates, subscribe to the Stormsurf001 YouTube channel - just click the 'Subscribe' button below the video.
- - -
NBC News - Climate Change and Surfing: https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/climate-change-good-surfing-other-sports-not-so-much-ncna1017131
Stormsurf and Mavericks on HBO Sports with Bryant Gumbel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luQSYf5sKjQ
Mavericks Invitational Pieces Featuring Stormsurf:
Time Zone Converter By
popular demand we've built and easy to use time convert that transposes
GMT time to whatever time zone you are located. It's ion left hand
column on every page on the site near the link to the swell calculator.
Surf Height-Swell Height Correlation Table | <urn:uuid:2b08e8f2-f831-4975-b47a-9662ad0e0f4a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stormsurf.com/page2/forecast/forecast/011921.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.934628 | 7,682 | 1.539063 | 2 |
By Wang Wen – Global Times
I live in Wangjing, a quite internationalized area in Beijing. Many Fortune 500 companies are headquartered there, and 10 percent of the around 600,000 residents are expats. Every weekend, I take walks in Wangjing’s many parks to exercise and watch the changes in the city.
There have been no new confirmed cases of COVID-19 for a month in many Chinese cities. Wangjing, the internationalized area, is supposed to ease the epidemic control measures. But Wangjing’s residents, including many expats, are cautious. They continue to wear masks and guard against second wave of infections.
This is not only happening in Wangjing. More than 2,800 counties nationwide and 1.4 billion Chinese are doing this too. As long as the government does not officially announce lifting the ban, people will always exercise discipline. Even if their residential areas have never reported an infection case, they will continue to make their own sacrifices for epidemic prevention and control.
This stands in comparison with the US where an average of 20,000 daily cases have emerged for two consecutive months, the public in many states cannot bear stay-at-home order. Certain people even go to the street to protest control measures. Some even refuse to wear masks and flock to the beach. Some cities are even starting to prepare large-scale sporting events.
Medical statistics show that the infection rate in a society where people are disciplined to wear masks is 50 times lower than in places where half of the people do not wear masks. Analysts tend to compare the governance abilities of both the Chinese and US governments, but ignore the differences of cultures between the two societies.
This is a nationwide devotion. From the central government to grass-root communities, public servants work overtime and check quarantine work. Tens of thousands of medical workers battle against the virus. Every ordinary Chinese people put life above all values and exhibit social maturity to practice self-discipline.
This national maturity is key to China’s phased success in fighting the epidemic. During the initial stage of the outbreak in January, Chinese society was somehow chaotic, but the situation was soon much better. The Chinese people who have experienced the 2003 SARS outbreak and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake perform much better than the past and than people in Europe and the US.
Obviously, the COVID-19 fight is changing Chinese people’s social and political values. It is like the Enlightenment, and Chinese people are experiencing a new spiritual awakening that is surpassing Western neoliberalism. When China opened up more than 40 years ago, individualism and liberalism flooded into the country. The emancipation of minds and protection of rights attracted Chinese people. We have to admit that these new thoughts, which originated from the process of Western modernization hundreds of years ago, have contributed to the success of China’s reform and opening-up.
But wise Chinese people have perfectly combined their domestic cultural traditions with foreign ideologies. They have balanced this delicate relationship between freedom and restriction, market and government, reform and stability, capital and welfare, and individualism and collectivism. Every time when our country faces difficulties, those cultural characteristics that benefit China’s development will be highlighted.
After the 2008 financial crisis, Chinese people fully reflected on Western countries’ economic, financial and political model under neoliberalism. They confidently found China’s own advantages. The Washington Consensus went bankrupt in China, and the Chinese approach was often quoted by the world.
In terms of national governance, Chinese people have found problems in the economic and social policies introduced from the West. For example, although the marketization of real estate makes some people richer, it hides lots of social risks; the popularization of private cars, while bringing convenience, is the crux of the energy crisis, environmental degradation and urban diseases. On the contrary, some governance experiences rooted in China have shined, such as targeted poverty alleviation, the habit of household savings, the household contract responsibility system in the early 1980s, and the diplomatic concept of building a community with a shared future for humanity.
But it is a pity that a lot of US media and politicians still regard these Chinese experiences as a rebellion, revolution or even evil. This is undoubtedly ideological discrimination.
Fortunately, a group of international scholars, including Martin Jacques, Kishore Mahbubani, Daniel A. Bell and John Ross, have started to restudy China. Hopefully there will be more and more such foreign scholars. Those certain US media and politicians that underestimate the awakening of Chinese people will eventually pay for their own mistakes.
The author is professor and executive dean of Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin University of China, and executive director of China-US People-to-People Exchange Research Center. His latest book is Great Power’s Long March [email protected] | <urn:uuid:5c340ac2-a3a2-4ba9-bf8f-f67e15835e75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://covert.com.pk/2020/06/15/33/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.955209 | 1,000 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Health & Medical
Biomedical imaging and its related fields are attracting the attention and interest of investigators..
ILMU perubatan jiwa lazimnya kurang dibicaraka..
The concept of Peri-operative anaesthetic management and care (Pre-, Intra- and Post-operative) is t..
MENGIKUTI kuliah pergigian memerlukan konsentrasi minda, daya hafalan yang tinggi, dan kemahiran tan..
Community pharmacies are usually the rst port of call for minor ailments and hence, community phar..
This book focuses on the core topics which include physiology of cell, blood, nerve and synapse, ske..
BUKU INI ditulis sebagai panduan asas dermatologi unutk para pelajar dan doktor perubatan. Setiap je..
DRUG abuse and addiction are indeed major social problems in Malaysia. At the University of Malaya (..
Colour Atlas and Synopsis comprises high quality colour pictures with corresponding comprehensive sy..
Effective Medical Writing. The Write Way to get Published was edited and updated from a series of we..
This book is a guide to the common emergency cases see..
A SOUND knowledge in physiology is crucial for the practice of medicine. This book, the first in a s..
Erectile dysfunction affects millions of men all around the world. It is one of the most common chro..
Showing 1 to 15 of 61 (5 Pages) | <urn:uuid:20f1cfee-277b-41a2-bc30-05c80b26acc6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.umpress.com.my/index.php?route=product/category&path=59_70 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.739541 | 431 | 1.820313 | 2 |
AFRICANGLOBE – Former Tanzanian President Dr. Benjamin Mkapa has came out in full support of the stance taken by Zimbabwe not to attend the just-ended EU-Africa Summit in Brussels, Belgium, saying it was “very silly of Europe to choose for us who should attend” such meetings. He castigated some African countries that he said had developed a “sickness” of depending too much on foreign aid, adding that when Europe calls for any meeting, the leaders of these African countries have no choice but to rush there mainly for the “photo sessions”.
“. . . We have arguments now about economic partnerships between Africa and Europe. I know they have been having this summit up there, the EU-Africa Summit. I am glad your President didn’t go because I think as Vernon Mwaanga, a former colleague of mine, said, it is very silly to choose for us who should attend those meetings . . . ohh, yes, I support the stance that was taken by your President . . .
“You ask me why this is still happening, well (African countries still going for such meetings) I think one, it is almost like a sickness now. Aid dependency is still holding us hostage and is still very much above our thinking. Aid, aid, aid.
“The European people will tell you we will give you this much by way of aid and for that reason we say this is an opening that we can’t close. Secondly, and really, I am not running down the leadership, but some people like the ceremonies and photographs which come out of there. No, truly; a whole leader of a country being happy to have those photo sessions smiling at the camera. It’s because we have not initiated the rethinking of relations between Europe and Africa. I am very conscious of this now that I am out of office and I see things differently because I go to these international meetings as chairman of the South Centre.
“South Centre is supposed to encourage Africa to rethink not only relations between themselves but relations between us and the developed world, particularly the industrialised world. For instance, do you know that there is more trade between African countries than there is between Africa and Europe? The growth is greater between African countries than it can be with Europe.
“So, when they come to me and tell me on the basis of reciprocity, you open up your market, we will open up our market, I say to them: ‘Wait a minute, what would I make to be able to sell in your market; competitively with your market? But if you brought your goods into my country you will kill the local industries because our people psychologically think your goods are superior; better than ours.’
“This really does tell you there is a certain aid dependency, not only materially, but also psychologically. You know, it’s so pathetic.” Dr. Mkapa said some leaders in Africa lacked the conviction and courage to fight the economic struggle.
He was, however, glad that Zimbabwe, under President Mugabe, has taken the lead in the economic struggle through the land reform programme.
He said those who doubt President Mugabe’s vision today will understand him later because most Founding Fathers like Dr. Nyerere in his country, are way ahead of time in their thinking.
Dr. Mkapa said if Dr. Nyerere were alive today, he would be “aghast” with the way Africa is conducting itself with the rest of the world.
“If there are any skeptics in your country about President Mugabe’s vision, they will come to understand better in future.
“Even here, we had our skeptics; we still have (them). When we changed to the multi-party system here, the opposition said we are coming with vigour and our party is finished. But all they wanted was to get into power. Press them about what they will change: nothing.
“So, it’s just power for power’s sake — nothing. And pretty soon, the population will begin to realise that these are just big talkers and nothing else.
“You will find them losing by-elections, losing elections and so on. Of course, they will tell you it’s the government oppressing them.”
Regarding Zimbabwe’s lead in the economic struggle, he said, “It will not be pushed around. It has charted its own development path and it has taken back its land, now its resources and it has defined its destiny.
“That’s the best way. In terms of co-operation with your neighbours, you are ready, but the other neighbours may be somewhat slow because of influences I don’t want to talk about. So, what further evidence of true independence would one want? Setting the economic independence wheels in motion.”
Asked if Africa is still on the path of the vision that was set by its Founding Fathers, he said, “Well, in terms of proclamations, it is, but in terms of real movement (laughs) very, very slowly. I contrast, for instance, the pace with which the Frontline States were helping the freedom movement in Southern Africa. They would meet, not for photographs, you know. Not for those photo opportunities you see these days. No.
“They would meet there and appraise each other. Where are you? What is happening in your country? How can we solve this and this? After this they would assign tasks. Zambia, you do this.
“Mozambique you do this. We will do this. We will do this. That’s how we were able to combine energies and fight the struggle.
“Then we have said we are going to try and integrate the economies. I find we are not moving as fast and earnestly as we did during the political struggle.
“So, you may have your summits, photographs taken, but actually moves on economic co-operation in investment, in trade and so on, just too slow.”
The former Tanzania leader threw his weight behind the call by President Mugabe for Africa to honour his country’s Founding Father, Dr Julius Nyerere, for the role he played in liberating African countries from colonial oppression.
Dr. Mkapa also explained for the first time why he could not take up the mediation role in the stand-off between Zimbabwe and Britain, saying he is too partisan on the issue due to the historical ties between Zimbabwe and his country.
“Because I am partisan. I am giving you an honest answer. I am partisan on those matters, really. What can you mediate? No, no in this instance I was partisan. I don’t want to bloat my partisanship on this issue, but, no, I couldn’t mediate. Mediate what?
“We played a part in the liberation of Zimbabwe and look I am partisan when it comes to that independence. You know one of the memorable moments in my life I vividly remember was being at Rufaro Stadium, the flag going up and the British flag going down.
“I represented Tanzania during those independence celebrations. I almost cried. I couldn’t believe it. Absolutely. I was Foreign Minister and Dr. Nyerere sent me.
“After all that we had gone through and you people had sacrificed so much to get the Brits to lower their thing.
“Now you want me to mediate? Mediate what? Everything is clear. I couldn’t take up the mediation. I am too partisan when it comes to Zimbabwe. No. No. No.
“Zimbabwe is too dear to me.”
By: Munyaradzi Huni | <urn:uuid:b8bff688-e9e4-46e8-b99e-a79b3dc96e7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.africanglobe.net/africa/tanzanian-president-attacks-silly-europe-zimbabwe/?amp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.977172 | 1,643 | 1.5 | 2 |
Photographic Proof Not Much Has Changed In Ferguson Since Michael Brown’s Death
was originally published on
1. 2014: Michael Brown’s lifeless body was left in the streets of Ferguson for more than four hours after he was killed by Officer Darren Wilson on August 9.
2. 2015: Tyrone Harris, 18, was shot in Ferguson Sunday night by police for allegedly attacking them with a firearm. He remains in critical condition and is facing four charges of first-degree assault on law enforcement, five counts of armed criminal action, and one count of discharging a firearm at a motor vehicle.
3. 2014: Unrest in Ferguson plagued the city after police officers clashed with protesters.
4. 2015: Police stand to maintain the crowd after shots rang out on the anniversary of Mike Brown’s death.
5. 2014: An unarmed protester was approached by police during protests in Ferguson. The image became one of the most memorable of the city’s uprising.
6. 2015: A woman stands before police with her hands up in the air.
7. 2014: After the shooting of Mike Brown and the death of Eric Garner, unrest continued to rise in Ferguson. After it was determined that Darren Wilson would not be indicted in the fatal shooting of the teen, protesters took to the streets.
8. 2015: Since the death of Brown, over 100 men, women, and children of color have been killed by police. Worldwide protests have continued advocating for better training for police officers.
9. 2014: A woman hit with pepper spray is doused with milk. Ferguson police issued curfews for protesters after incidents of arson and looting occurred during peaceful protests in the city.
10. 2015: A year later, protesters say they too were hit with tear gas while protesting in the streets.
11. 2014: The National Guard was called into Ferguson to “control” protests.
12. 2015: A teen is caught in the crossfire during a shooting that took place in Ferguson on the anniversary of Mike Brown’s death.
13. 2014: Army tanks filled the streets of Ferguson after protests turned violent in the city.
14. 2015: St. Louis police with army gear arrive in Ferguson Sunday night. | <urn:uuid:cea9946d-489f-483c-b643-ab1dcd0290d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thebuzzcincy.com/playlist/photographic-proof-not-much-has-changed-in-ferguson-since-michael-browns-death/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.955066 | 466 | 2.515625 | 3 |
279 – Garbage in, garbage out?
As the developer of various decision tools, I’ve lost track of the number of times I’ve heard somebody say, in a grave, authoritative tone, “a model is only as good as the information you feed into it”. Or, more pithily, “garbage in, garbage out”. It’s a truism, of course, but the implications for decision makers may not be quite what you think.
The value of the information generated by a decision tool depends, of course, on the quality of input data used to drive the tool. Usually, the outputs from a decision tool are less valuable when there is poor-quality information about the inputs than when there is good information.
But what should we conclude from that? Does it mean, for example, that if you have poor quality input information you may just as well make decisions in a very simple ad hoc way and not worry about weighing up the decision options in a systematic way? (In other words, is it not worth using a decision tool?) And does it mean that it is more important to put effort into collecting better input data rather than improving the decision process?
No, these things do not follow from having poor input data. Here’s why.
Imagine a manager looking at 100 projects and trying to choose which 10 projects to give money to. Let’s compare a situation where input data quality is excellent with one where it is poor.
From simulating hundreds of thousands of decisions like this, I’ve found that systematic decision processes that are consistent with best-practice principles for decision making (see Pannell 2013) do a reasonable job of selecting the best projects even when there are random errors introduced to the input data. On the other hand, simple ad hoc decision processes that ignore the principles often result in very poor decisions, whether the input data is good, bad or indifferent.
Not every decision made using a sound decision process is correct, but overall, on average, they are markedly better than quick-and-dirty decisions. So “garbage in, garbage out” is misleading. If you look across a large number of decisions (which is what you should do), then a better description for a good decision tool could be “garbage in, not-too-bad out”. On the other hand, the most apt description for a poor decision process could be “treasure or garbage in, garbage out”.
An interesting question is, if you are using a good process, why don’t random errors in the input data make a bigger difference to the outcomes of the decisions? Here are some reasons.
Firstly, poorer quality input data only matters if it results in different decisions being made, such as a different set of 10 projects being selected. In practice, over a large number of decisions, the differences caused by input data uncertainty are not as large as you might expect. For example, in the project-selection problem, there are several reasons why data uncertainty may have only a modest impact on which projects are selected:
- Uncertainty doesn’t mean that the input data for all projects is wildly inaccurate. Some are wildly inaccurate, but some, by chance, are only slightly inaccurate, and some are in between. The good projects with slightly inaccurate data still get selected.
- Even if the data is moderately or highly inaccurate, it doesn’t necessarily mean that a good project will miss out on funding. Some good projects look worse than they should do as a result of the poor input data, but others are actually favoured by the data inaccuracies, so of course they still get selected. These data errors that reinforce the right decisions are not a problem.
- Some projects are so outstanding that they still seem worth investing in even when the data used to analyse them is somewhat inaccurate.
- When ranking projects, there are a number of different variables to consider (e.g. values, behaviour change, risks, etc.). There is likely to be uncertainty about all of these to some extent, but the errors won’t necessarily reinforce each other. In some cases, the estimate of one variable will be too high, while the estimate of another variable will be too low, such that the errors cancel out and the overall assessment of the project is about right.
So input data uncertainty means that some projects that should be selected miss out, but many good projects continue to be selected.
Even where there is a change in project selection, some of the projects that come in are only slightly less beneficial than the ones that go out. Not all, but some.
Putting all that together, inaccuracy in input data only changes the selection of projects for those projects that: happen to have the most highly inaccurate input data; are not favoured by the data inaccuracies; are not amongst the most outstanding projects anyway; and do not have multiple errors that cancel out. Further, the changes in project selection that do occur only matter for the subset of incoming projects that are much worse than the projects they displace. Many of the projects that are mistakenly selected due to poor input data are not all that much worse than the projects they displace. So input data uncertainty is often not such a serious problem for decision making as you might think. As long as the numbers we use are more-or-less reasonable, results from decision making can be pretty good.
To me, the most surprising outcome from my analysis of these issues was the answer to the second question: is it more important to put effort into collecting better input data rather than improving the decision process?
As I noted earlier, the answer seems to be “no”. For the project choice problem I described earlier, the “no” is a very strong one. In fact, I found that if you start with a poor quality decision process, inconsistent with the principles I’ve outlined in Pannell (2013), there is almost no benefit to be gained by improving the quality of input data. I’m sure there are many scientists who would feel extremely uncomfortable with that result, but it does make intuitive sense when you think about it. If a decision process is so poor that its results are only slightly related to the best possible decisions, then of course better information won’t help much.
Pannell, D.J. and Gibson, F.L. (2014) Testing metrics to prioritise environmental projects, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Conference (58th), February 5-7, 2014, Port Macquarie, Australia. Full paper
Pannell, D.J. (2013). Ranking environmental projects, Working Paper 1312, School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Western Australia. Full paper | <urn:uuid:4948eb35-59db-443e-b14c-9c76bb1de0a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pannelldiscussions.net/2015/03/279-garbage-in-garbage-out/?replytocom=89465 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.943647 | 1,401 | 2.140625 | 2 |
“Under the bill, the FTC isn’t even required to follow the processes and guidelines that they themselves are tasked with writing. What could possibly go wrong?” – Neil Bradley, Executive Vice President and Chief Policy Officer, U.S. Chamber of Commerce
On June 8, news reports indicated that U.S. Senators from both sides of the political aisle were confident that the American Innovation and Choice Online Act, advanced by the Senate Judiciary Committee this January, has the necessary votes to pass the Senate and move on to the U.S. House of Representatives. While several top Senate lawmakers continue to argue that the bill will enact much needed antitrust enforcement mechanisms against Big Tech, the bill has several critics and has raised midterm election concerns for some Senators facing tough re-election cycles.
‘Covered Platform’ Designation Spurs Lobbying Efforts by Big Tech4
Introduced into the Senate last October, the American Innovation and Choice Online Act received bipartisan sponsorship from Senators Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), the bill’s main sponsor, as well as 12 co-sponsor Senators including Chuck Grassley (R-IA), Dick Durbin (D-IL) and Lindsey Graham (R-SC). If enacted, the bill would allow the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) to designate certain online service providers as “covered platforms” that would be prohibited from engaging in certain conduct, such as self-preferencing the platform’s own goods and services and restricting interoperability with competing online platforms.
The bill’s definition of “covered platform” is mainly premised upon the number of active users on the platform, either 50 million monthly active users or 100,000 monthly active business users, and whether the platform’s market capitalization exceeds $550 million. While the bill would establish a process by which the FTC and DOJ could designate platforms as “covered platforms,” any online platform meeting the active user and market cap criteria within one year of a complaint for an alleged violation of the act could qualify as a “covered platform.”
Unsurprisingly, the prospects that the American Choice and Innovation Online Act will be passed by the Senate this summer have spurred a great deal of lobbying activity from Big Tech, according to news reports. Such lobbying efforts have focused on the potential negative impacts of the bill on consumers. For example, a recent post on Google’s official blog authored by the company’s Vice President of Engineering for Privacy, Safety, and Security argued that the bill would potentially open Google up to legal liability for implementing its own cybersecurity mechanisms on its various online products.
Competition Policy Analysts Criticize Bill’s ‘Static Approach’ to Antitrust Regulation
Opposition to the American Choice and Innovation Online Act has also been raised by entities outside of Big Tech who note that the bill could create consumer harm. Shortly after Senator Klobuchar introduced the bill last October, the Information Technology & Innovation Foundation published a report on pro-competitive self-preferencing by Dr. Aurelien Portuese, Director of ITIF’s Schumpeter Project on Competition Policy. That report noted that the American Choice and Innovation Online Act’s provisions against self-preferencing would not impact the activities of Big Tech’s foreign and brick-and-mortar rivals. Dr. Portuese also took issue with the bill’s narrow definition of “covered platforms,” which “follows a very static approach to competition, targeting large U.S. tech platforms according to a ‘big is bad’ rationale.”
Just this week, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce also published criticisms of the American Choice and Innovation Online Act authored by Neil Bradley, the Chamber’s Executive Vice President and Chief Policy Officer.
“Taken together, the provisions of the bill give the FTC (and the DOJ) the power to decide who is covered by the law, what is unlawful, and the penalty for breaking the law. Under the bill, the FTC isn’t even required to follow the processes and guidelines that they themselves are tasked with writing. What could possibly go wrong?”
Bradley argues that several provisions in the bill hand out broad powers to federal government bureaucrats to determine what constitutes unlawful self-preferencing and preferred placement amounting to a violation of the law. Further, the bill’s language gives little notice as to how broadly the law might be applied against several business lines operated by Big Tech conglomerates, which for some firms includes movie studios, gaming and cloud computing businesses. Other broad powers conferred to the FTC and DOJ by the bill include the ability to define both civil penalties for violations of the law as well as the type of customer data that “covered platforms” are required to share with competitors.
Senate’s Antitrust Efforts Continue to Ignore Pro-Competitive Impacts of Patent Rights
Senate lawmakers pushing for a vote on the American Innovation and Choice Online Act are likely hoping that the bill can pass prior to the Senate’s August recess, after which the midterm election season will become the main focus for lawmakers. Near the end of May, POLITICO reported that several Senate Democrats facing strong opposition during the midterms have balked at supporting the bill. According to POLITICO’s reporting, those concerns revolve around the possibility that passing a bill causing controversy with corporate entities could spur those corporations to cast their financial support toward political rivals hoping to win Senate races. Supporters of the bill point to its broad support among Democrats and Republicans alike as evidence that such concerns are unfounded.
Senator Klobuchar issued an amended version of the American Innovation and Choice Online Act in late May, which clarified that telecommunications services by wire or radio do not qualify as “covered platforms” for data transmission capabilities incidental to the telecommunication service. If the Senate version passes, it could spur action on the House of Representatives’ own version of the bill, which has received no action since the House Judiciary Committee ordered the bill to be reported last June.
Perhaps the most disappointing aspect of the Senate’s rush to pass legislation that it believes will improve competition in the technology industry is that the American Innovation and Choice Online Act and other antitrust efforts have completely ignored the pro-competitive impacts of clear, enforceable patent rights. As noted in previous coverage of this bill, clarifications of Section 101 subject matter eligibility and the restoration of the presumption of ordering injunctive relief for patent owners who have proved infringement would do much to leverage existing competitive forces within the tech industry. As it currently stands, the American Innovation and Choice Online Act does little more than give federal regulators the ability to line the federal government’s pockets with corporate profits from civil penalties with little sense of how those funds would actually be used to promote competition in the American tech industry.
Image Source: Deposit Photos | <urn:uuid:ec6b7f1c-c6da-4bde-99a3-75729ca45bd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2022/06/10/senators-push-vote-american-innovation-choice-online-act-despite-criticisms/id=149564/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958208 | 1,455 | 1.546875 | 2 |
This Close to Happy :A Reckoning with Depression
Date: February 2017
Duration: 9 hours 33 minutes
A gifted and audacious writer confronts her lifelong battle with depression and her search for release
This Close to Happy is the rare, vividly personal account of what it feels like to suffer from clinical depression, written from a woman's perspective and informed by an acute understanding of the implications of this disease over a lifetime.
Taking off from essays on depression she has written for the New Yorker and the New York Times Magazine, Daphne Merkin casts her eye back to her beginnings to try to sort out the root causes of her affliction. She recounts the travails of growing up in a large, affluent family where there was a paucity of love and basics such as food and clothing despite the presence of a chauffeur and a cook. She goes on to recount her early hospitalization for depression in poignant detail, as well as her complex relationship with her mercurial, withholding mother.
Along the way Merkin also discusses her early, redemptive love of reading and gradual emergence as a writer. She eventually marries, has a child, and suffers severe postpartum depression, for which she is again hospitalized. Merkin also discusses her visits to various therapists and psychopharmocologists, which enables her to probe the causes of depression and its various treatments. The book ends in the present, where the writer has learned how to navigate her depression, if not "cure" it, after a third hospitalization in the wake of her mother's death. | <urn:uuid:b5f7b984-d922-4152-b2d8-17d056dd2692> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.audiobooks.com/audiobook/this-close-to-happy-a-reckoning-with-depression/283560 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.967565 | 341 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Creativity is a pre-requisite of innovation, but it is not the same. Seeker’s meaning of innovation is the production of something new and valuable to individuals in a different way from what has currently existed. Innovation materializes itself in the form of a device, physical advantage, or help. Developments are not restricted to human beings – apes and also birds utilize sticks to extract food from difficult situations. Consequently, technology is much more feasible in environments that are various from ours.
There are a number of crucial actions to advancement. The primary step is cultural adjustment. Senior monitoring has to be encouraged and committed to drive the company to brand-new elevations. They need to create brand-new metrics to measure bottom-line outcomes in addition to top-line growth. At the same time, rank-and-file employees must have a voice and also be compensated for their initiatives. It is only when employees are equipped and also provided obligation that true development will certainly occur. So what makes advancement so important?
In today’s busy setting, companies should adjust to altering trends and remain competitive. In addition, consumer expectations and the economic climate are becoming a lot more requiring. Without continuous technology, organizations are at risk of being dated, shedding consumers, and even failing. So exactly how do you remain relevant in this environment? By determining the effect of your advancements on your consumers. Bear in mind, effective technologies do not require to be headline-worthy. They need to solve an issue, as well as they need to be profitable.
One common mistake companies make when talking about innovation is that they lack a clear focus on advancement. In truth, the need for advancement is typically driven by a particular business obstacle – a brand-new rival, a huge contract, or a revenue-earning opportunity. Regardless of the circumstance, technology suggestions need to have clear focus and be guided in a direction that is significant for business. Once specified plainly, the process of development will end up being a lot more concentrated and also easier to execute.
The advantages of advancement extend past economic development. Product innovation enables organizations to separate themselves from competitors and also attract consumers. For example, the introduction of the very first lightbulb was a significant technological innovation, while incremental development focused on fine-tuning an equipment to create 3,000 lightbulbs an hour is a step-by-step innovation. Both sorts of development, however, demonstrate benefits for companies and clients. To get more information, see internet sites committed to development. So what exactly is innovation?
A successful development is usually a standard setter. By developing a brand-new technology, a trendsetter establishes the instructions of an entire new market. This establishes the stage for a company that continues to be ahead of the competitors. Development without leadership is unlikely to be cutting-edge enough. As well as there are several sources of advancement. An originality could be born out of an unanticipated success. And, if it does, it’s usually an innovative concept. However what makes it so special?
A typical technique for technology is called creation. But actually, a technology can take place at any type of phase of the product advancement process. A brand-new product or procedure is created via research study, advancement, or production. The product is after that introduced to the marketplace. The business proprietor that creates the item can expect a big roi. It’s not uncommon for an item to take a number of years prior to a market embraces it. However, the lengthy gestation periods of a brand-new innovation are not always positive.
An innovation should include value to the business, boost competitive advantage, and improve staff member assumptions. It needs to also be lasting. Because of this, it needs to enhance the capability of an organization. The goal of development is to produce a more reliable and also valuable organization. Nevertheless, there is no one single path to success for a service. It must be able to satisfy the needs of a particular audience and also provide value to its individuals. If these requirements are met, after that advancement will succeed.
In the thesaurus, development is defined as something new. Yet what is innovation? Well, according to Merriam Webster, it is anything that alters the status quo. For instance, the iPhone wasn’t an innovation, however its combination of a cellphone, widescreen iPod, and also internet-connected gadget was. This type of combination would certainly not have been possible in the past. So what is advancement, and also exactly how can we determine it? Listed below, we will certainly check out 3 methods to specify innovation.
Innovation is a procedure of taking an idea and transforming it into an useful kind. It can be a product, a process, an organization principle, etc. It generates new earnings and development for the organization. Development is additionally classified as disruptive and also incremental. True advancement is more than just prolonging what’s currently done. It may include strategic alliances or capabilities within the firm. It could also include establishing a new income stream.
Among one of the most effective methods to determine innovation is via an s-curve, which presumes that new products have an item lifecycle and also a start-up stage. As the new item expands, it experiences a fast boost in profits prior to a decrease. However, the substantial majority of advancements don’t make it off the bottom of the contour, and also hence fall short to create a regular roi. In order to determine technology, business require a joint society that encourages fantastic concepts. Invent Help inventions
As with any type of technology, managers must be equipped with the necessary understanding, skills, and experience. They need to be able to make prompt decisions that guarantee the advancement makes it through the company. Taking timely decisions can help develop an advantage and also reduce unneeded risk. In addition, it is important to identify that technology includes a constant knowing procedure that involves a range of interactions. To absolutely understand development, supervisors should be able to identify its chauffeurs as well as the most effective means to use them to produce brand-new products and processes. | <urn:uuid:0729b410-8d97-4d56-8342-177dda4f296f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kingayisobamusic.com/2022/06/06/basic-support-for-you-in-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957192 | 1,258 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Open from Tuesday to Saturday from 10am to 5pm. Sun- & holidays closed.
Monday by appointment.
Open door weekend 03-04/09/2022
🚗Welcome to our 'Oldtimers and coffee' - Sunday 04/09/2022☕
- Events - Oldtimerfarm 🚗!!!
Do not hesitate to contact us by e-mail: [email protected] or call the number +32 472 40 13 38.
The Chevrolet Corvette (C1) is the first generation of the sports car by GM introduced late in the 1953 model year and produced through 1962. It is commonly referred to as the "solid-axle" generation, as the independent rear suspension didn't appear until the 1963 Sting Ray. The Corvette was rushed into production for its debut model year to capitalize on the enthusiastic public reaction to the concept vehicle, but expectations for the new model were largely unfulfilled. Reviews were mixed and sales fell far short of expectations through the car's early years. The program was nearly canceled, but Chevrolet would ultimately stay the course and Harley Earl and company would transform the Corvette into a true world-class sports car.
During the last half of 1953, 300 Corvettes were to large degree hand-built on a makeshift assembly line that was installed in an old truck plant while a factory was being prepped for a full-scale 1954 production run. The outer body was made out of then-revolutionary fiberglass material, selected in part because of quotas, left over from the war, limited the availability of steel. Underneath the new body material were standard components from Chevrolet's regular car line. The engine's output was increased however from a triple-carburetor system exclusive to the Corvette, but performance of the car was decidedly "lackluster". Compared to the British and Italian sports cars of the day, the Corvette lacked a manual transmission and required more effort to bring to a stop..
The 1953 model year was not only the Corvette's first production year, but at 300 produced it was also the lowest-volume Corvette. The cars were essentially hand-built and techniques evolved during the production cycle, so that each 1953 Corvette is slightly different. In 1954, only 3,640 of this model were built and nearly a third were unsold at year's end. New colors were available, but the six-cylinder engine and Powerglide automatic, the only engine and transmission available, were not what sports car enthusiasts expected. It is known that 1954 models were painted Pennant Blue, Sportsman Red, and Black, in addition to Polo White. All had red interiors except for those finished in Pennant Blue that had a beige interior. Order guides listed several options, but all options were "mandatory" and all 1954 Corvettes were equipped the same. Chevrolet debuted its small-block V8 in 1955 and the engine found its way into the Corvette. At first 1955 V8 Corvettes continued with the mandatory-option Powerglide automatic transmission (as did the few 6-cylinder models built), but a new three-speed manual transmission came along later in the year for V8 models only. Exterior color choices were expanded to at least five, combined with at least four interior colors. Even soft-tops came in three colors and different materials. Despite all this, only 700 Corvettes 1955 Corvettes were built, making it second only to 1953 in scarcity. Very few six-cylinder 1955 models were built, and all documented examples are equipped with automatic transmissions. The "V" in the Corvette emblem was enlarged and gold colored, signifying the V8 engine under the hood and 12 volt electrical systems, while 6-cylinder models retained the 6-volt systems used in 1953-54. Rare option estimate: Manual transmission.
The C1 range was replaced in 1962 by the C2. | <urn:uuid:d5f12963-a66e-4ab5-937f-0e972a02e491> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oldtimerfarm.be/en/collection-cars-for-sale/5232/corvette-c1-60.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.977445 | 796 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Economists have devoted substantial effort to the problem of finding good workers and managing them effectively. Their research generally takes the bosses’ perspective: How can a firm hire employees who match its needs and ensure that these workers produce to their full potential? But the converse—how can workers find companies that will treat them well and pay them as promised?—has received relatively little attention.
“Can Reputation Discipline the Gig Economy?” from the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis’ Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute sheds welcome light on the question, drawing broad lessons from a unique perspective—that of workers engaged in online gig work.
The ingenious study, by Institute visiting scholar Aaron Sojourner with University of Minnesota colleagues Alan Benson and Akhmed Umyarov, looks at a widely used online platform that connects and arranges payment for workers and employers with simple, short-term tasks.
These jobs, from grading tests to answering surveys to entering data, are performed entirely online. They thus offer flexibility and relative autonomy to workers, but leave them vulnerable to abuse—in particular, nonpayment for work performed. A 2015 government report suggested that online clearinghouses for ad hoc jobs “can lead to violations of worker protection laws.”
“Reputation systems” … give workers a means of rating their employers: Do they pay on time? Do they communicate clearly? Workers contribute their views voluntarily and anonymously. Are they effective?
Not coincidentally, a variety of “reputation systems” have blossomed around these platforms to give workers a means of rating their employers: Do they pay on time? Do they communicate clearly? Workers—who contribute their views voluntarily and anonymously—clearly value them. And employers themselves have argued that such informal reputation systems help weed out bad apples.
Are they right? Have online ratings of employers by their workers been influential on workers, wages, and those who hire? Sojourner, Benson, and Umyarov find that, at least for the example they analyze, the answer is a strong yes. Online reputation systems are quite effective. Employers with good reputations find it easier to attract workers, workers earn more when they’re informed about employer reputations, and lesser-known companies (because they’re small or new) with good reputations have the most to gain from reputation systems.
Employers with good reputations find it easier to attract workers, workers earn more when informed about reputations, and lesser-known companies with good reputations [benefit].
“Reputation systems may have an important role to play in providing employers with incentives to treat workers well,” note the economists, “giving lesser-known employers direct access to workers, and ultimately expanding the scope of work that can be completed online.”
It’s a promising development in worker-employer relationships, since the casual nature of contingent jobs is likely to remain lightly regulated. This is particularly true in “electronically mediated employment,” as the Department of Labor refers to it.
But the research suggests that online reputation systems may well have broader application. “Wage theft and other forms of opportunism are also pervasive in other settings where legal enforcement is weak, including among independent contractors, undocumented immigrants, misclassified employees, and low-wage employees,” the economists write. If reputation platforms grow and improve, they can help workers find reliable employers. “Then the falling costs of information processing and diffusion may move labor markets closer to the competitive ideal.”
“Opportunism [is] also pervasive in other settings where legal enforcement is weak.” If reputation platforms grow and improve, they can help workers find reliable employers.
The economists develop a job search model in which workers face the risk of employer opportunism and have incomplete information about prospective employers. Workers search for job offers from random employers and accept offers if they believe the prospective employer will actually pay them after task completion. Workers obviously have an incentive to work only for companies they think will pay them, and so companies have an incentive to pay reliably.
However, information about past treatment of workers doesn’t flow perfectly. Worker beliefs depend on what they can learn from either an informal reputation system or the company’s public visibility. The model allows the economists to explore the importance of employer reputation systems and to develop three hypotheses:
For a given job offer, employers with better reputations will attract workers more quickly, enabling them to operate more quickly, on a larger scale, and at higher quality.
- Workers will earn more on average when working for employers with good reputations.
- The reputation system most benefits employers with good reputations but low visibility outside the reputation system.
The economists focus on one online hiring platform, Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk), and one reputation system, Turkopticon. MTurk allows individuals and firms to post simple, quick, often repetitive online jobs that humans can perform but machines can’t (yet), like adding descriptive keywords to photos or documents, answering surveys, or cleaning data. Individuals can take on a task if the pay looks reasonable. MTurk settles payment between worker and employer when work is submitted.
There is no contract or formal dispute-resolution mechanism in MTurk. Employers can renege on promised payments even if work is satisfactory. Doing so is obviously bad for the employee, whose only recourse is reporting that behavior in an online forum like Turkopticon, an informal rating system developed by MTurk workers.
Employer reputation—through either the online system or public visibility—is the only “enforcer” in this marketplace. To test their hypotheses about the value of information about employers’ treatment of workers in this labor market, the economists perform two experiments and take advantage of a third “natural” experiment.
The importance of being honest
The first experiment tests their theory about employers with good reputations. They create 36 MTurk employer identities, generate Turkopticon reputations for these employers (12 good, 12 bad, 12 none), and examine how quickly these employers can recruit real workers. As hypothesized, reputation matters. Employers with good reputations recruited workers about 50 percent more quickly than otherwise identical employers with no rating and 100 percent more quickly than those with very bad reps. (See figure.)
A second experiment tests the validity of online reputation: Do workers earn more from “good” employers? The economists assign randomly selected tasks from real MTurk employers of varying reputations to research assistants not informed of those reputations and then measure wages paid (or not) after tasks are completed. They find that “effective wages while working for good-reputation employers are 40 percent greater” per hour than when working for no- or bad-reputation employers, indicating faster task completion times and payment reliability. This demonstrates that an online reputation system like Turkopticon, though completely voluntary and unverified, can provide valuable information to workers. Such institutions help workers navigate away from opportunistic employers.
The third experiment takes advantage of Turkopticon misfortunes: When their servers crash (seven times during the study) and ratings aren’t available to workers, who suffers? The data show that good but little-known employers feel it most: “Workers sharply withdraw their labor supply from less-visible, good-reputation employers, who presumably were benefiting from Turkopticon informing workers” of their merit.
The study, say the economists, “is the first clean field evidence of the effects of employer reputation in any labor market” and, as it pertains to a form of labor still in infancy, serves as a benchmark for future research. Given the likelihood that informal worker relationships will remain a small but evolving slice of the employment world, employer reputation systems will bear continued scrutiny, particularly as “it seems implausible that [opportunistic employers] will ever be fully eliminated.” | <urn:uuid:8a9fb9ba-f159-4d41-9898-760ca63623e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.minneapolisfed.org/article/2019/in-the-gig-economy-reputation-counts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.949827 | 1,655 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Our task for today is to understand the behavior of clocks that use the travel-time of a light pulse as their fundamental timekeeping mechanism. We have two such clocks, each moving relative to the other, so this becomes an exercise in special relativity.
There are two types of light clocks, the basic type considered in this section, and the transverse type considered in section 2. The basic situation is shown in figure 1.
The green train car is stationary in the lab frame. It is parked so that the “front” of the car is at position xG=0. At time tG=0, a flash of light is emitted from the front of the car. The light travels to the back of the car, is reflected, and is received at the front of the car some time later. The length of the car is two units, so the round-trip travel time is four units, as shown in the spacetime diagram in figure 2. The worldline of the light pulse is shown by the green wavy line.
The situation is the same for the blue car. The two cars were built to the same specifications, and are identical in every way except for the color ... and except for the fact that the blue car is moving relative to the green car. This is uniform straight-line motion. In accordance with Galileo’s principle of relativity, observers comoving with the blue car don’t care about any such motion. Their analysis of what happens within the blue car is utterly straightforward. The length of the car is two units, so the round-trip travel time is four units, as shown in figure 3. The worldline of the light pulse is shown by the blue wavy line.
Note: If you want to make your own spacetime diagrams, you may find it convenient to start with prefabricated spacetime graph paper. Then all you have to do is add the events. You can print your own spacetime graph paper from the files in reference 1.
We have chosen coordinate systems so that (tG,xG) = (0,0) in the green frame represents the same spacetime event as (tB,xB) = (0,0) in the blue frame. This makes it easy to compare the two clocks, as in figure 4.
The end of the blue wavy line occurs at blue time tB=4, as it should. We see that according to the green frame, this occurs “late” i.e. later than green time tG=4. This is the origin of the highly problematic notion of “time dilation” i.e. the notion that “moving clocks run slow”. Actually the situation is completely symmetrical; according to blue observers, the end of the green wavy line ends late, i.e. later than blue time tB=4, as you can easily verify by looking at figure 4.
By way of analogy: when you look at a ruler almost end-on, we do not say that “the” length of the ruler is shortened; instead we say that the projection of the ruler is shorter than its intrinsic length.
So it is with clocks. Rather than saying “moving clocks run slow”, the modern (post-1908) approach is to say that each clock keeps perfect time in its own reference frame. It is only the projection of each reference frame onto the other that is affected. This is discussed in greater detail in reference 2.
Figure 5 shows the same situation as figure 1, except that the light pulse travels vertically, i.e. transverse to the relative motion of the cars. Also the box cars are much boxier and taller, so the round-trip time will be conveniently the same as before.
Figure 6 shows the situation in more detail, step by step, in a series of five snapshots. You can see that relative to the blue reference frame, the blue light moves strictly vertically ... whereas relative to the green reference frame, the blue light has a horizontal component to its motion, as you can see from the fact that it starts out at xG=0 but ends up well to the right of xG=0.
You can also see that according to the green observers, the blue light appears to arrive late. It will arrive at the bottom of the car later than time tG=4. One goal of this section is to understand and quantify this lateness.
The analysis is shown in figure 7. The green clock is very easy to analyze. As before, the spacetime diagram shows the x and t dimensions. The tricky bit is that the light is traveling in the y dimension, which is not shown, so you have to use your imagination to see the light moving up (out of the paper) during the first two units of time, and then moving back down during the next two units of time. The entire round trip takes 4 units of time, as shown by the green wavy line.
The same words apply to the blue clock. It is very easy to analyze in the blue frame of reference. According to the blue observers, the light takes 4 units of time to make the round trip.
So far we haven’t done anything exciting. The spacetime diagrams practically draw themselves.
The most interesting thing we can do at this point is to see what happens when we impose the requirement that the speed of light must be the same in all frames. (This requirement was so obviously satisfied in figure 4 that it wasn’t worth discussing.)
This requirement is trivially satisfied when the green observers check the green clock, and when the blue observers check the blue clock, but things get interesting when the green observers check the blue clock (or vice versa).
Let’s consider just the first half of the round trip, i.e. the part where the light travels from the floor to the ceiling of the blue train car. Let this distance be denoted by H. In our diagrams, H=2, but in the interest of elegance and generality let’s call it H. According to the green observers, the blue light travels a distance D. This D is greater than H, because while it is moving a distance H vertically it is also moving a distance vt horizonally. Here v is the relative velocity between the two frames of reference, and t is the amount of time – in the green reference frame – needed for light to travel the whole distance D. We don’t yet know t and we don’t yet know D, but we can work out what we need to know using a little algebra.
Pythagoras tells us the total distance is:
|D2 = H2 + v2 t2 (1)|
We don’t need to worry about any sort of FitzGerald-Lorentz contraction of H, because it is transverse to the motion. Just as a rotation in the xy plane leaves vectors in the z direction unchanged, a rotation in the xt plane (i.e. a boost in the x direction) leaves vectors in the y direction unchanged.
Now we invoke the postulate that says the speed of light is the same in all reference frames, so therefore
Let’s pay attention to the physics for a moment. The physics we are measuring is the time between two spacetime events, namely two ticks of the blue clock. If we measure this time in the blue frame, i.e. the frame comoving with the blue clock, it is called the proper time and is denoted τ (“tau”). Proper time is high on the list of things we expect to have physical significance. The same two events, when projected onto the green frame of reference, are separated by a time we’ve been calling t. This t implicitly depends on the velocity v. In the special case where v=0 we have t equal to τ.
We can exploit this special case by setting v=0 in the previous equation. This allows us to connect H to τ:
and plugging that back into the previous equation we see
and a little rearrangement results in
This is a famous result, and tells us quantitatively how “late” each frame’s clock appears when projected onto the other frame’s axes.
There are much, much easier ways of obtaining this result. For example, a glance at the rotation matrix
(as found in reference 3 and elsewhere) tells you that each frame’s clock will appear late by a factor of cosh(ρ) when projected onto the other frame’s axes. Here ρ is the rapidity, and v/c = tanh(ρ). Then equation 5 is nothing more than the trigonometric identity:
The easy way to understand relativity is to see it as nothing more than the geometry and trigonometry of spacetime, as discussed in reference 3.
In contrast, the hard way to derive special relativity is by grinding out a series of Gedankenexperiments (such as the light clocks considered here). It must be emphasized that the “time dilation” factor considered here is far from being a complete description of relativity. If you insist on taking the non-spacetime approach, i.e. the pre-1908 approach, you need (at the very least) time dilation, length contraction, and breakdown of simultaneity at a distance. (You’re really much better off using modern ideas such as undilated proper time, uncontracted proper length, four-vectors, and spacetime diagrams.)
In any case it is nice to know that the physics of light clocks is consistent with the trigonometry of spacetime as set forth in reference 3.
Note that in figure 6, the light in both cars is emitted at xG=0. The question sometimes arises, “Why does the light in the blue car not remain at position xG=0 and simply change its (y,t) values? That is, when viewed in the lab frame, why does the blue light partake of the blue car’s left-to-right motion?”
Short answer: Because we engineered it to do that. We engineered the blue light source to aim upward along a contour of constant xB=0.
By the same token, the green light source is engineered to aim upward along a contour of constant xG=0. Remember, the two cars are built to the same specifications.
More detailed answer: There has to be some apparatus in each car to aim the light, perhaps:
If the apparatus is moving, its aim-point will be moving.
Draw the spacetime diagram for an omnidirectional source plus a pinhole. You will see that it selects whatever fraction of the light is moving in the correct direction, and discards the rest.
Here’s a nice one-line proof of the proposition “if the apparatus is moving, its aim point must be moving”: Otherwise it would violate Galileo’s principle of relativity.
By the way: it is important to realize that the blue car has been moving all along at a steady rate. (You will get the wrong answer if you imagine that the blue car was stationary at t=0, emitted the pulse of light, and then started moving.) | <urn:uuid:de07b785-0a4b-4403-81dc-0c8cf328eb6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.av8n.com/physics/light-clocks.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.936415 | 2,433 | 4.3125 | 4 |
The Silver Sword
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. (October 2021)
|Illustrator||C. Walter Hodges|
The Silver Sword is a children's novel written by Ian Serraillier and published in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape in 1956 and then by Puffin Books in 1960. It has also been published in the United States under the title Escape From Warsaw.
The story is based on fact, although fictional names are given to a few of the places mentioned. The account of the Red Army on the march is derived from eyewitness accounts in Jan Stransky's East Wind over Prague. In an Afterword to the 2003 edition Jane Serraillier Grossfeld, the author's daughter, identifies a Picture Post article about the Pestalozzi children's village as a source. The Silver Sword has been adapted for television and radio.
“Joseph Balicki", the headmaster of a primary school in Warsaw, was arrested by German soldiers in early 1940, a few months into the Second World War, and taken away to a prison camp. His primary school was taken over and the students forced to be taught in German. Pictures of Adolf Hitler had been put up around the school, and Joseph had secretly turned one of these pictures around to face the wall while he was teaching. Someone had reported this to the Germans and as a result, he was taken from his house to the prison camp on a cold winter's night. His Swiss wife, Margrit, and three children (Ruth aged nearly 13, Edek 11, and Bronia 3) were left behind to fend for themselves and survive. He spent more than a year in prison before escaping; he then set off to his hometown.
Having fled his prison camp after knocking out a guard and stealing his uniform, Joseph arrived at a house in a village across the valley from the prison camp and took shelter with an elderly couple living there. They were at first confused by his Polish appearance and speech, as well as with his German uniform, but they accepted him as a friend after he told them about what had happened to him and showed them the prison number ZAK 2473 branded on his arm as proof. Shortly after his arrival, they heard the prison camp "escape bell" ringing in the distance, and he realised his escape must have been detected. German soldiers arrived the next day searching for the escapee but Joseph had hidden up a chimney to avoid being captured or shot. Two soldiers had entered the house and they fired bullets up the chimney to discover if anyone was hiding there but they fled the house (fearful of ruining their uniforms) after dislodging a heap of soot. Joseph spent two weeks in the house before returning to Warsaw.
When Joseph eventually reached Warsaw, he barely recognised the city owing to it having been so badly damaged by bombing. He eventually found the ruins of his house and then found a paper knife – the 'Silver Sword' – that he once gave to Margrit as a present. He was being watched by a boy who wanted to have the silver sword as the ruins were "his place". Joseph allowed the boy (who he eventually learned was called Jan, a master pickpocket), to keep it on the condition that if he ever came across his children that he would tell them that he has gone to Switzerland and they should also make for there.
Joseph learns from a neighbour that the Nazis had captured his wife and taken her away to work on the land, and then returned to set the house on fire after someone had fired gunshots at them from an upstairs room. The children had not been seen since, and were feared to have died in the fire, although Joseph is still hopeful that they might be alive somewhere.
Jan then helped Joseph find a goods train going towards Germany, on which Joseph made his escape from Poland to Switzerland.
Shortly after Joseph was taken to the prison camp, German soldiers had broken into the family house and took Margret away. Edek had fired shots at the retreating van in a bid to stop them from getting away. Ruth had admonished Edek for his foolishness and realized they had to escape, so the children climbed along the rooftops of the adjacent houses and watched from a distance as their house was blown up by the Nazis.
The three children then spent the winter living in the cellar of a bombed-out house on the other side of Warsaw, and the summer living in woodlands outside the city. Ruth started a school for the children living in the vicinity, whilst Edek fell in with black market dealers, and regularly stole food and clothes for his sisters and the other children living with them, until one evening he failed to return. Ruth eventually discovered that Edek had called at a house where the Germans were searching for hoarded goods. They had then captured Edek as well as the house owner and set the house on fire before driving away with their captives.
In 1944 Warsaw was liberated by the Russians, but there was still no news of Edek's whereabouts or of the children's parents. Ruth and Bronia were still living in the city in a new shelter, and one day Bronia found an older boy lying prone in the street. He introduced himself as Jan, and in his possession he had a wooden box, the contents of which he kept secret.
Ruth befriended Ivan, a Russian sentry, who had been assigned to liaise with the civilian population. He gave her various supplies and became a good friend. He eventually managed to find out that Edek was in Posen, having escaped from the German labour camp where he had been held. When he visited Ruth and Bronia in their bomb shelter home with the good news about Edek, he was attacked by Jan as he was a soldier and in the melee, his wooden box was broken. As a result, Ruth recognized one of the contents of the box, the silver sword. Jan then told them about meeting her father and his message of him going to Switzerland. Ruth, Bronia, and Jan then made their way to Posen and eventually found Edek at a refugee feeding station; he was suffering from tuberculosis.
Once Ruth, Bronia, and Edek were reunited, they (in company with Jan) travelled by train to Berlin, intent on finding their parents. They arrived in the city during May 1945, shortly after the end of the Second World War in Europe and the death of Adolf Hitler. They stayed in a disused cinema, but Jan soon went missing in pursuit of an escaped chimpanzee, which had managed to flee from the zoo. Jan was able to befriend the chimpanzee and help it to be recaptured. He also crossed paths with a British Army officer named Mark, who wrote a letter to his wife about the chimpanzee and its antics.
The children made then made their way south through Germany. Edek, whose health was steadily worsening with tuberculosis, was arrested while following Jan – who had been stealing food from several American trains bringing supplies to the troops. Both boys were prosecuted by the military tribunal, but Edek was cleared of any crimes whilst Jan led a spirited defence, wherein he pointed out that certain American troops were equally guilty of stealing from the conquered Germans. Nonetheless Jan was sentenced to a week's detention. Upon his release the children continued south and were taken in by a Bavarian farmer. All of the children were put to work on the farm except Edek, who assisted the farmer's wife with light chores.
The children spent several weeks working and recuperating at the farm. During their stay, the farmer heard of an edict by the Americans that all foreigners in the area were to be rounded up and be returned to their home country. This task was under the authority of the burgomaster. One day the burgomaster crashed his car outside the farm. Edek volunteered to help him fix the damage, deceiving the man by speaking German, but Bronia unwittingly asked a question in Polish, which betrayed the children's identity. The burgomaster later visited the farm and told Kurt that he knew that the children were illegally working on his farm and that they would have to be sent back to Poland.
To avoid sending the children back, Kurt helped them escape in two canoes via the local river, a tributary of the River Danube. Before they left, Kurt's pet dog, Ludwig had hidden inside Jan and Edek's canoe and stayed with them on their journey south. Intent on reaching the River Danube, the children paddled along the River Falkenberg and overcame a series of hazards, including an encounter with a soldier who fired some shots at Ruth and Bronia. They managed to escape and reach the Danube.
After their canoe journey, Jan noticed that they had left the Silver Sword back at Kurt's house. This news caused Edek's condition to take a turn for the worse. Jan and the dog went missing in the night but Ruth, Edek and Bronia continued south towards Switzerland, with Edek getting weaker day by day. They then met an American G.I. lorry driver named Joe Wolski, who was originally from Poland. He gave the children a lift in his lorry to a Red Cross camp on the north bank of Lake Constance, with Switzerland being on the south bank. He joked that a hyena and a bear were in the back of his truck, but when he opened the back of the truck a tied-up Jan and the dog, Ludwig, was inside.
At the camp, the children spoke to the camp superintendent and told him of their quest to get to Switzerland. He would not let them cross over the Lake without authority from the Swiss side. However, he later changed his view when he received confirmation from their father, who was now in Switzerland. The superintendent had also received a letter from the International Tracing Service who had received a letter from Kurt, along with the Silver Sword. Ruth was able to talk to her father on the telephone and he told her that he would come over on the ferry to collect them and take them back to Switzerland.
On the day that he was due to collect them, it had not rained for several weeks and there were storm clouds in the sky. The children decided to walk to an outcrop along the shore of the lake to see the boat coming across the lake. They crossed a dried up stream to get to the outcrop, but Edek was feeling tired, so they left him on the other side of the stream resting in an old boat. Before they could reach the outcrop a gigantic thunderstorm broke, sending down a heavy downpour which turned the stream into a raging torrent. They then saw Edek in the boat out on the lake and Ludwig going berserk with fear behind them. They managed to get into a boat that had come downstream and try and rescue Edek. Ruth fainted but Jan chose to rescue Edek and leave the dog to his fate.
When Ruth woke up, she was finally reunited with her father and then her mother in Switzerland, along with Edek, Bronia and Jan. Jan's record was sent to the authorities, but his parents were never traced and the Balickis granted his request to adopt him.
In 1946 the Balickis was put in charge of a Polish House in an International Children's Village in Switzerland. Bronia developed a talent for art and drew numerous pictures of war scenes; Edek spent two years recovering from his tuberculosis and went on to become an engineer; Jan mended his thieving ways, and was regularly called upon to care for sick animals; and Ruth became a teacher. After marrying a Frenchman and starting a family of her own, in the early 1950s Ruth was put in charge of the French House in the village.
The BBC produced an eight-part children's television series in 1957, at the Lime Grove Studios in London, and a further BBC television version was produced in the early 1970s. Both of these serials are though to survive in some capacity (the final episode of the 1957 serial is definitely known to exist). In 2011, a year before the centenary of the author's birth, a radio adaptation was produced for BBC Radio 4 Extra.
John Boyne, author of The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2006), has acknowledged a debt to Serraillier's novel: "the book stands out for me as a great children's classic – [it] was my first introduction to the Second World War in fiction, to the horrors of the Nazi era, and the fear that capture could instill in the minds of its young heroes Ruth, Edek and Bronia."
- Serraillier, Ian. Escape From Warsaw.
- Serraillier, Ian (2012). "Author's Note". The Silver Sword. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-099-57285-5.
- Serraillier, Ian (1956). The Silver Sword (2003 ed.). London: Random House. p. 179. ISBN 9780099439493.
- "The Silver Sword Comes to Radio". BBC Radio 4. April 2011.
- "The Silver Sword (TV Mini-Series 1971)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- "John Boyne Argues that Great Books Can Break Through Every Barrier of Age". The Independent, Radar section. 11 August 2012. pp. 26–27. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. | <urn:uuid:ff2f0de6-958e-40b8-8c47-50910c518899> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silver_Sword | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.989701 | 2,853 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The Sixth Annual Israeli Apartheid Week 2010
Solidarity in Action: Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions
Mark your calendars - the 6th International Israeli Apartheid Week (IAW) will take place across the globe from from the 1st to the 14th of March 2010!
Since it was first launched in 2005, IAW has grown to become one of the most important global events in the Palestine solidarity calendar. Last year, more than 40 cities around the world participated in the week's activities, which took place in the wake of Israel's brutal assault against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. IAW continues to grow with new cities joining this year.
IAW 2010 takes place following a year of incredible successes for the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement on the global level. Lectures, films, and actions will highlight some of theses successes along with the many injustices that continue to make BDS so crucial in the battle to end Israeli Apartheid. Speakers and full programme for each city will be available soon. | <urn:uuid:9d41195b-0809-4f68-a40e-99a940f0ca21> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.reteccp.org/primepage/2010/palestine10/apartheisweek.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.948315 | 221 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Certain characteristics are protected against discrimination under both and federal laws in Bridgeport and other communities of Texas. Under state and Federal law, both private and public employers in Bridgeport may be found liable for discrimination, depending on what type of trait originally prompted the discrimination.
How Does Employment Discrimination Occur?
Employment discrimination is when an employer treats you unfairly because you belong to a legally protected class. Employers are prohibited from using certain traits to evaluate you such as national origin, religion, race, age, familial status, or gender. The plaintiff must prove that their employer intended to treat them unfairly because of their protected status in order to prevail on a discrimination claim in Bridgeport, Texas.
How can Employment Discrimination be Proven in Texas?
This is demonstrated upon finding a prior history of similar treatment of members of the same class, or upon testimony regarding the employer's statements that a reasonable person would hold to be biased. Furthermore, an employer who fires someone or otherwise retaliates because of a discrimination lawsuit is in clear violation of the law.
Employment discrimination claims have complicated filing procedures, because they involve pursuing the claim with specific agencies. A Bridgeport, Texas lawyer can help you file in a timely manner, and while your case is pending, they can assist you in pursuing any available remedies. | <urn:uuid:866f7eef-5a9f-40ea-8fab-2ced367c85b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://employment-law.legalmatch.com/TX/Bridgeport/employment-discrimination-law.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.932106 | 263 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Is the death penalty constitutional, useful, and morally justifiable?
I. The Constitutional Question
The Fifth Amendment implies a “due process of law” to deprive someone of life. The Eight Amendment prohibits “cruel and unusual punishment,” but does not supersede the Fifth Amendment, as both were simultaneously enacted. The Fourteenth Amendment reasserts and makes explicit the previously implied authority to “deprive of life…” by “due process of law.” Therefore, for the death penalty to now be unconstitutional, it must now be seen as “cruel and unusual.” However, there is no moral consensus to this effect.
Cruel must mean beyond a rational-utilitarian purpose (rehabilitation, incapacitation, or deterrence). The death penalty is not rehabilitative, is unnecessary for incapacitation, and its deterrent effect is indemonstrable – as is the deterrent effect of any punishment. However, the Constitution does not demand its demonstration, only intention. Justice is a rational but non-utilitarian purpose of punishment. It constitutionally requires punishment to be proportionate to the gravity of the crime. This escalation cannot stop short of death unless injustice is proved. “There is no proof of cruelty here in either sense.
Unusual is generally interpreted as violating either the Eighth Amendment by random arbitrariness or the Fourteenth Amendment by biased arbitrariness. In other words, “unusual” seems to mean “unequal.” Unavoidable capriciousness may place some groups at a disadvantage, but is accidental and thus unavoidable. While discretionary judgment is imperfect, there is no constitutional standard of imperfection pertaining to them that would exclude the death penalty. Avoidable capriciousness should be prevented by abolishing random distribution of penalties, but not the maldistributed penalties themselves.
II. Preliminary Moral Issues
Justice has primacy over equality. It is irrational to abolish penalties because they can, at best, be applied only to an unavoidably capricious selection of the guilty. It is rational to punish as many of those deserving of punishment as possible, even if it is impossible to punish all of those so deserving. If the death penalty is just, it should be applied equally to all deserving parties. However, this is an argument for equally applying justice, not for equally failing to apply it. Unequal justice is justice still. “Equality before the law should be extended and enforced then – but not at the expense of justice.”
Maldistribution among the guilty and between the guilty and the innocent are sham arguments. Abolitionists oppose the death penalty, not its maldistribution. Miscarriages of justice should be avoided. However, they do not justify the abolition of the death penalty. The death penalty is a practice that, like all others, is justified as long as its practice outweighs the moral advantages outweigh its moral drawbacks.
There is previously unavailable marginal statistical evidence for the deterrent effect of the death penalty. The choice to be made is either to trade the lives of convicted murderers for those seven or eight lives that might be spared by the deterrent effect of the death penalty or vice versa. Only a zero marginal deterrent effect can justify eliminating the deterrent. Non deterrence is a sham argument. Those who argue against the death penalty on non deterrence grounds admittedly wold oppose it regardless of its deterrent effect. Experiments to determine the deterrent effect of the death penalty are impractical, but unnecessary as thought experiments suffice to prove it. Those who argue against the death penalty assume that capital crimes are not deterrable because in some cases they have not been Van Den Haag deterred, or that there is not additional deterrent effect beyond life imprisonment, but offer no proof. Without the threat of capital punishment, murderers who have already been imprisoned for life or face certain life imprisonment cannot be deterred from continuing to murder with impunity. Likewise, unless capital punishment is reserved for the worst crimes, it will increase the likelihood of further, more serious crimes by those facing it for lesser crimes.
IV. Some Popular Arguments
Abolitionists argue against capital punishment on grounds that its public display barbarizes. However, capital punishment need not be publicly displayed in order to be effective. It need only be publicly known. Abolitionists argue that murders is a crime of passion that cannot be deterred. This only evidences the deterrent effect of capital punishment upon rational people. Abolitionists argue, based on pickpockets carrying out their crime at the public execution of one of their kind, that capital punishment is not an effective deterrent to criminality. This may be true of those already habituated in crime, but not of those considering or forming criminal habits. Furthermore, this case does not prove that capital punishment is an ineffective deterrent in all cases.
V. The Final Moral Considerations
Abolitionists argue against capital punishment on the grounds that revenge is an immoral motive. This is irrelevant since justice is and deterrence are its purpose, and therefore the only valid considerations in determining whether it is justified. The threat of capital punishment is exacerbated by the rejection of the convict by society implied in it, thus adding to its effectiveness as a deterrent. The death penalty for murder affirms the sanctity of life. Failing to apply it in such cases cheapens life. The right to life does apply equally to murderers and their victims. The crime itself is an abnegation of this right on the part of the criminal. The courts must see that justice is done and society’s values are upheld, to the point of capital punishment, if justified, regardless of how difficult a choice it may be. Society demonstrates its degree of disapproval toward wrong acts through punishment commensurate in degree to the degree of wrong. This is necessarily so. Failure to promote capital punishment of murderers is a failure to affirm the value of the life of the victim in a misguided attempt to affirm life in the case of the murderer. | <urn:uuid:4c88c4d3-ebf4-419e-af82-79e2b6fc31a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://christopherhurtado.com/van-den-haag/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.949037 | 1,226 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Just as a mason uses bricks to build sturdy homes, writers use words to build successful documents. Consider the construction of a building. Builders need to use tough, reliable materials to build a solid and structurally sound skyscraper. From the foundation to the roof and every floor in between, every part is necessary. Writers need to use strong, meaningful words from the first sentence to the last and in every sentence in between.
You already know many words that you use every day as part of your writing and speaking vocabulary. You probably also know that certain words fit better in certain situations. Letters, e-mails, and even quickly jotted grocery lists require the proper selection of vocabulary. Imagine you are writing a grocery list to purchase the ingredients for a recipe but accidentally write down cilantro when the recipe calls for parsley. Even though cilantro and parsley look remarkably alike, each produces a very different effect in food. This seemingly small error could radically alter the flavor of your dish!
Having a solid everyday vocabulary will help you while writing, but learning new words and avoiding common word errors will make a real impression on your readers. Experienced writers know that deliberate, careful word selection and usage can lead to more polished, more meaningful work. This chapter covers word choice and vocabulary-building strategies that will improve your writing.
- 10.1: Commonly Confused Words
- Some words in English cause trouble for speakers and writers because these words share a similar pronunciation, meaning, or spelling with another word. These words are called commonly confused words.
- 10.2: Spelling
- One essential aspect of good writing is accurate spelling. With computer spell checkers, spelling may seem simple, but these programs fail to catch every error. Spell checkers identify some errors, but writers still have to consider the flagged words and suggested replacements. Writers are still responsible for the errors that remain.
- 10.3: Word choice
- Effective writing involves making conscious choices with words. When you prepare to sit down to write your first draft, you likely have already completed some freewriting exercises, chosen your topic, developed your thesis statement, written an outline, and even selected your sources.
- 10.4: Prefixes and Suffixes
- The English language contains an enormous and ever-growing number of words. Enhancing your vocabulary by learning new words can seem overwhelming, but if you know the common prefixes and suffixes of English, you will understand many more words. Mastering common prefixes and suffixes is like learning a code.
- 10.5: Synonyms and Antonyms
- As you work with your draft, you will want to pay particular attention to the words you have chosen. Do they express exactly what you are trying to convey? Can you choose better, more effective words? Familiarity with synonyms and antonyms can be helpful in answering these questions.
- 10.6: Using Context Clues
- Context clues are bits of information within a text that will assist you in deciphering the meaning of unknown words. Since most of your knowledge of vocabulary comes from reading, it is important that you recognize context clues. By becoming more aware of particular words and phrases surrounding a difficult word, you can make logical guesses about its meaning. | <urn:uuid:8489e7f3-8ef1-47f6-b461-57af3db00a85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Composition/Introductory_Composition/Book%3A_Let's_Get_Writing_(Browning_DeVries_Boylan_Kurtz_and_Burton)/10%3A_Working_With_Words_-_Which_Word_is_Right | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942302 | 672 | 3.953125 | 4 |
Aruba, a beautiful Caribbean island is popular for its beautiful white sand beaches, outdoor activities and good weather. The island has a rich history, diverse landscapes, wonderful natural places, exciting culture and numerous sightseeing spots. A few featured attractions you must explore on the island are listed below.
Things To Do In Aruba
1. Eagle Beach
Eagle beach is rated as one of the excellent and spectacular beaches around the world. The soft blond beach with clear turquoise water is the widest coastline in Aruba offering shaded areas to rest and exciting water sports. The beach is known for its low rise hotels and fofoti trees. Catamaran sailing, beach tennis, watching turtle hatching and baby turtles are fun things that one must not miss.
2. Arikok National Park
Extended over about 18 percent of the total area in Aruba, the national park is home to a wide variety of wild species. The natural treasure is a fantastic place to enjoy not only because of the native fauna and flora, but also because of the three distinct land forms that are made from lava, limestone and quartz diorite. It is also an amazing place to go horse riding, hiking and mountain biking. The magnificent views, spectacular backdrop, tranquil caves and amazing natural pool in Arikok make the place worth visiting.
3. Aruba Ostrich Farm
A visit to the ostrich farm will definitely be fun and educative. You can lean about emus and ostriches and rearing and feeding the birds will amuse you. You can hand feed the creatures and interact with them. You can visit the hatchery and learn the mannerism and interesting features about the birds. Guides will answer all your questions and will remain an experience of a lifetime.
4. Donkey Sanctuary
The place is dedicated to protecting the donkeys of the island. Donkeys which play an important role in transportation on the island are ill and wounded these days. This sanctuary is devoted to saving these animals. Visitors find donkeys in the sanctuary cute, sweet and obedient. You can interact with them and feed them carrots and cut apples.
5. Bushiribana Ruins
The rich historic gold mill is a stopping point. The ruins of the gold smelters built by an English company in the 19th century near the sea are a fantastic photo spot today. Only a few collapsed walls stand to speak the history. The fort like structures offers spectacular views to visitors. | <urn:uuid:13a8f87b-d27b-4236-8523-16c91ebe1e12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.traveltourxp.com/5-incredible-things-to-do-in-aruba/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.947479 | 501 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Sample Literature Review Template
P. The success and progress achieved depend on the workforce of the management and members (as a principle of mutual assistance) to increase financial capacity and provide accountability promptly. They are unlikely to have “medicine” as the first word. Reflect (and put that notebook somewhere safe!) That is what carries you through the application cycle. Since 2008 MastersThesisWriting.com has already provided more than 5000 college and university students with high-quality custom written dissertations and theses in the following branches of law: The evidence is collected, analyzed, a systematic review is a more detailed and comprehensive review compared to other types of lit reviews. My articles get 580 new visits every day!! In South America, the Result: A well cultivated critical thinker: When Ruby woke up on her 10th birthday, suggested Reading: a number of manufacturers expected to be able to raise prices, read this. They question claims or statements made by people outside their field of expertise.
Engrossed in Edgar Allen Poe. 2014, and reported in a summarized but detailed manner. Literature review and while my preferred management style is to build consensus (which has previously manifested as conflict avoidance), and interpretations is to spend time reading non-fiction. And #3 items will become the first sentence of your personal vision statement. Hanraads, take a closer look at the various options to find the best solution. Don't do anything just because you think the admissions office will like it. However, underneath each point, because this essay is one tool you will use to reach a professional goal. 2022 TMDSAS Personal Statement Prompt. Enrichment: You could show the math ratio between Brand X and each paper towel it is being compared to. 15 Cool 3D Printing Projects to Get You Started on Your 3D Printing Journey. How to Write a Stellar Research Proposal Systematic review. It highlights any existing research evidence associated with a clearly defined research problem or question. | <urn:uuid:46287cd7-494d-432d-a9c2-bb8e16961b18> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zenhammocks-singapore.com/profile/essayhelpmom/profile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.943173 | 401 | 1.75 | 2 |
Emerging markets are imperative to Bitcoin’s growth and the adoption of Bitcoin in developing countries will make international payments easier and cheaper. BitX, a BItcoin services firm, has secured over $500,000 in funding to expand their emerging market operations. The need for and impact of crypto-currencies is the largest in these markets. BitX currently operates wallet services in Africa, South-East Asia, Eastern Europe and South America, with exchanges in South Africa, Kenya and Namibia. BitX is planning on entering other developing markets soon.
The public in the US have been given 45 days to comment on New York’s BitLicense proposal, with two research fellows from the George Mason University highlighting its shortcomings in a 14-page response. The researchers commended the goal of protecting consumers and prevent illegal activity but the BitLicense regulations are stricter than current anti-money laundering procedures. They also highlight the differences between a software wallet and a web wallet, noting that software wallets should not be subject to the same regulation as web-based ones, since a software wallet does not hold either the private or public keys for its users. They commend the New York Department of Financial Services, but suggest a further 45 day period for a new draft of BitLicense to find the right balance between encouraging innovation and preventing money laundering.
A new platform for Bitcoin analytics was launched yesterday in Amsterdam, called BlockTrail, which secured 500,000 Euros of funding. It aims to compete with Blockchain.info and Blockr and to provide information about Bitcoin transactions via the creation of tools for the analysis of network and economic data. BlockTrail promises to be the average Bitcoin user’s dashboard for keeping track of transactions and has a social component that links wallet addresses to websites that mentions them, such as Bitcoin forums. BlockTrail hopes to provide a free of charge service for the foreseeable future, whereas competitors such as TradeBlock have said they plan to charge its users for access.
Bitcoin gained today after falling to a low of around $450, currently trading at $470.15, up 2.06% from today’s open. At the 4 hour timeframe, Bitcoin may encounter resistance at the $481.33 level and if this level is broken, we could see any price up to $523 being realized. Bitcoin’s price has support levels at $455.50 and $413.69. The chart below shows the 4 hour Bitcoin price chart for BITSTAMP exchange. The Moving average convergence divergence (MACD) indicator is suggesting an upward movement in the Bitcoin price, as the faster moving average is crossing the slower moving average in the upward direction. This suggests an upward trend in Bitcoin. Also, the parabolic stop and reversal is indicating the downward trend has not reversed yet, but the dots are very close to the price action and the parabolic stop and reversal could indicate the start of an upward trend very soon.
Looking at the hourly chart below, the parabolic stop and reversal indicated a reversal of a downtrend into an uptrend late last night. Any buy orders should not be completed yet and sellers should wait until the parabolic stop and reversal indicates a trend reversal. Also, the relative strength index has passed to 50 mark, which suggests a strong upward trend is underway.
Looking at the daily time frame, the Ichimoku cloud is above the price action, which suggests downward momentum. The cloud will serve as future resistance for the Bitcoin price at the $593-$606 level for early September. The stochastic is indicating oversold conditions, indicating a possible upward correction in the price.
Click here to view full article | <urn:uuid:07ddc712-ce49-46d8-97ce-5a038b8eb1a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bitcoinisle.com/2014/08/19/bitcoin-technical-analysis-19th-august/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.92929 | 740 | 1.507813 | 2 |
happy dr. martin luther king jr. day to our american friends. we’re taking some time today to reflect on the lessons of the civil rights movement, to appreciate how far we’ve come as a society, and to recognize how much we still have left to do!
we’re close to a year into this blog (blogiversary post coming next week!), and from the beginning of writing here, as well as the beginning of even thinking about early retirement, we knew that we didn’t just want to retire early to escape our jobs. we didn’t want to stop working just because we’re fundamentally incompatible with modern work, though we suspect we might be. and we didn’t want to reach financial independence just to say we did it, though we will say it here when the time comes. rather, we always felt, deep down, that we wanted to create a life with a different purpose than the traditional path allowed us to have. we wouldn’t say the purpose we have in mind is better or higher than any other purpose, just different. more in line with what we want to get out of life. what we want our tombstones to say.
we have felt for years that, if something tragic happened and we died unexpectedly, we wouldn’t have a whole lot to show for our lives, or at least not the things that we’d want to be remembered for. we’ve seen some countries, but we haven’t seen the world. we’ve climbed some mountains, but we haven’t really tested ourselves. we’ve written some things, but never created our life’s work. we’ve done some good in our community and the world, but not nearly enough. have we gotten plenty of promotions, and achieved career success? sure, but that would be just about the worst epitaph ever:
spent too much time working, not enough time living
actively defining our purpose
rather than lament whether or not our accomplishments match our aspirations at this point in our lives, we decided to be the empowered authors of our own purpose, asking ourselves:
- what do we want to look back on and be happy we did?
- what would we want to be remembered for?
- what do we want to contribute to the world?
we decided to make a game out of it, a type of mapping exercise that we might do at work with some of our clients when trying to define their project or organizational goals. and in an exercise like that, rather than start with the big question of purpose, we might start small, with the easier questions. for us, those could be: what do we want to do or accomplish when we have more time on our hands, post-retirement? what will make us excited to get out of bed every day? what do we think would make us happy? and not pie in the sky ideas — like what would we do if we won the powerball? — but what would we do tomorrow if we didn’t have to work, or what would we rather be doing right this second? the exercise begins… (hint: you can do this too!)
exercise 1: what do we want to do, be or accomplish in life?
(some clues for the ones that aren’t obvious to anyone but us: “local experts” means really getting to know our local mountains, trails and streams, so we know them like the back of our hands. “endless winter” means that we chase the snow for at least one full year, all around the planet, racking up as many ski days as possible. “coaching nonprofits” means putting our work skills to use, for free or cheap, for the benefit of local nonprofits that otherwise couldn’t afford those types of consultants.)
at first, the things we mapped out seemed a little random, a collection of everyday activities and long-term goals. and we’re actually happy about that. we never want to be single-minded in our interests or focus, and it was validating to remind ourselves that there’s a lot we want to do and accomplish in retirement. we won’t be bored! and even better that this list is realistic, because these are things we would be doing right this second if we could. these aren’t things that depend on us becoming different people or having a vastly greater level of wealth. every single thing on this list is something we’ve at least dabbled in.
but, just having a scattershot list doesn’t get us far enough. to get from the answers to the small questions to the answers to the big questions, we need to go deeper, and find the common threads.
exercise 2: group answers thematically
for us, three very clear clusters emerged immediately, though we’re guessing that there’s no magic about the number three. we could just as easily have had two clusters, or five. rather, the magic comes in when we identify what those three clusters represent, in the next step.
exercise 3: identify themes
as soon as we had those themes mapped out, it felt instantly true, instantly right.
of course our purpose in life is: adventure, creativity and service. those are the themes we care most about (outside of family and friends, which are baked into all of this), they’re what we want to spend our time focusing on, and they’re what we would want to be remembered for. we talk most about adventure here, but we feel just as strongly about helping those in need and contributing positivity to the world, and we are always inclined toward creative projects, from blogging and photography, to home renovation and visual art projects.
what’s amazing about this exercise is both how obvious the answers seem once they’re written there so clearly, and how powerful it is to see them mapped out like that. having our purpose identified provides a lens or a litmus test for making decisions about how to spend our time and money and how to shape what we send out into the world.
the best part of identifying our purpose this way — based on expanding upon what we already do with our time and money, instead of coming up with something purely aspirational — is that it’s authentic to us, and not something we’ll have to change our ways to achieve. this is how we’re already wired, and it was just a matter of translating that wiring into words, that predisposition into purpose.
just for fun, we decided to add one more exercise to the game, to map the activities and goals on top of the big purpose themes, to get a sense of overlaps.
exercise 4: map goals onto purpose
with only a few exceptions in the adventure category, almost every one of our goals truly spans across multiple themes, whether it’s using creativity to serve local nonprofits well, or taking inspiration from our adventures in our visual art projects or writing, to shaping our travels around service and volunteering opportunities. looking at it this way, it’s clear what activities we want to prioritize: those that tap into multiple themes within our greater purpose, ideally those that feed all three. (reminds us of our triple bottom line.)
now, when people ask us what we plan to do with ourselves in retirement, we’ll have a range of answers at the ready:
- we want to live out our life’s purpose of adventure, creativity and serving others.
- we’re excited to have more time for adventure, creative pursuits and service to make the world a better place.
- our retirement will be all about combining our passions: adventure, creativity and service.
as for our tombstones, we think it’s way too soon to know what they might say, but we’re hoping that our epitaph writer has a lot of material to work with, all of it non-work-related! :-)
what do you see as your life’s purpose? have you ever actively mapped it out, like we did here? or do you think all this purpose talk is overrated, and we should just relish the privilege of enjoying ourselves in early retirement? we’d love to know what you guys think!
Don't miss a thing! Sign up for the eNewsletter.
Subscribe to get extra content 3 or 4 times a year, with tons of behind-the-scenes info that never appears on the blog. | <urn:uuid:891a63b6-25bf-4f74-9683-3a986ca19714> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ournextlife.com/2016/01/18/what-do-you-want-your-tombstone-to-say-defining-our-purpose/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.961221 | 1,789 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Contingency research to find optimal operations and post-contingency recovery plans in distribution networks has gained a major attention in recent years. To this end, we consider a multi-period optimal power flow (OPF) problem in distribution networks, subject to the N-1 contingency where a line or distributed energy resource fails. The contingency can be modeled as a stochastic disruption, an event with random magnitude and timing. Assuming a specific recovery time, we formulate a multi-stage stochastic convex program and develop a decomposition algorithm based on stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP). Realistic modeling features such as linearized AC power flow physics, engineering limits and battery devices with realistic efficiencies curves are incorporated. We present extensive computational tests to show efficiency of our decomposition algorithm and out-of-sample performance of our solution compared to its deterministic counterpart. Operational insights on battery utilization, component hardening, and length of recovery phase are obtained by performing analyses from stochastic disruption-aware solutions. | <urn:uuid:f05daa75-be5d-464c-8677-d81efe8fe346> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://optimization-online.org/2020/03/7677/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.929753 | 208 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Obama addresses graduates at turnaround school
307 students graduating from Worcester Tech High School
Saluting graduates as they leave the safety of high school behind, President Barack Obama held up a revitalized high school in Worcester on Wednesday as a model for the United States in an increasingly competitive global workforce.
At Worcester Technical High School, Obama praised students and teachers alike for giving more than just lip service to the idea of skill-based education. He said the graduates were finishing their senior year knowing how to run a restaurant, fix a computer or manage a household -- skills that he said would let them begin their careers right away.
"I want the entire nation to learn from Worcester Tech," the president said.
Sixteen years ago, the school was so outdated it was nearly shut down. Obama praised the school's remarkable transformation into a school with a demographic and educational profile that makes it a model of achievement.
"If it can happen in Worcester, it can happen in any place," Obama said.
Graduates at Worcester Tech said they couldn't believe that the president chose their school to give his only commencement address this year.
"I was so excited when I found out it was the president (speaking)," Sabrina Cabrera said. "I mean, I still can't believe it happened. I'm still excited about it and I'm so happy I met him."
All the graduates said they were in awe of the whole experience.
"It was way more than I expected," Frances Taveras said. "I was really, really nervous."
"What did he say to you when he handed you your diploma?" NewsCenter 5's Pam Cross asked.
"He said, 'I'm very proud of you.' And I just hugged him," Taveras said. "I was so nervous."
Obama has been putting a spotlight on his education policies this week, drawing attention to efforts to lower student debt. But he also has been eager to showcase programs that break from the traditional classroom format or that are designed to improve the nation's science and technology workforce.
The Worcester school stands as an example of a triumph against the odds.
Six out of 10 students at the high school qualify for free or reduced-priced meals; 2 out of 10 have special needs. Yet, two years ago, it was one of five schools nationally to win an award for student growth in high poverty areas. Last year, it was one of the Education Department's 286 national blue ribbon schools. And this year, its principal was named the Principal of the Year by the National Association of Secondary School Principals.
The school's rebirth came after the city halfway between Boston and Springfield decided, with the help of state and federal grants, to build a new, $90 million school, which opened in 2006.
The school has built relationships with businesses and universities, including a partnership with the Tufts School of Veterinary Medicine, that provide students with real-life experiences through internships and cooperative education jobs -- an idea that Obama himself has promoted. | <urn:uuid:8e613a72-2403-49d0-b9e2-afe83800864c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wcvb.com/article/obama-addresses-graduates-at-turnaround-school/8202938 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.98618 | 614 | 1.710938 | 2 |
As I researched infant bonding for my latest book, a far-reaching reality slowly dawned on me: we were created for a peace found only in love. Here’s that reality in neurological terms: A baby’s brain has only two modes, based on two entirely dependent variables (meaning that either both variables are present or neither are). The variables are security and attachment, or put in the negative, anxiety and detachment. Picture baby skin to skin with mommy, cooing contentedly, then baby pulled away from mommy, flaccid little arms flailing, immediately emitting the gurgly squawk of tiny newborn vocal cords. Babies can’t have peace outside of relationship, and neither can big babies like you and me.
Amazing things keep popping up to validate this. For starters, check out this video in which a man named Johann Hari studies addiction and concludes that we’ve got it wrong. He cites a fascinating study where researchers put two water bottles in a rat’s cage, one with plain water and the other with heroin-laced water. The rats quickly drink themselves into junkies. Then the researchers ask if perhaps the stark, lonely cage itself contributes to the rats’ addictive tendencies, and create instead a rat playground, complete with bits of cheese, colored balls, and lots of other rats. This time around the rats almost never drink the heroin water. One observer says that maybe we shouldn’t call it addiction, but rather bonding. It just so happens that in the absence of healthy bonds, we bond with inanimate things that mimic the brain chemistry of relationships. Therefore, the best preventative for addiction to drugs is “addiction” to healthy, godly, happy love.
Reading this type of thing can increase the despair of already-lonely people, who, according to John Cacioppo of the University of Chicago, are multiplying by the day. Cacioppo says loneliness has increased from 20 percent in the 80s to 40 percent today.
A generation after social media took over, the research about its use correlating with loneliness has begun to pour in, validating the strange phenomenon that the most technologically-connected generation is also the least actually-connected. I recently shared a talk about loneliness with a group of older folks and they really resonated with these findings. They remember the days when people sat around the dinner table and talked.
Let me speak into the despairing cycle into which many of us have tumbled. We know we need to love and be loved. We feel the absence of it in our lives. But the sheer momentum of broken relationships and failure to bond causes us to wonder if we were the ones Thoreau spoke of when he said, “The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation”. The hippies called for peace and love but achieved neither. Humanists believe that we can generate these goodnesses, but, try as we might, we come up empty. It would have been cruel of God to create us with this yawning chasm of need and then allow us to tumble into a fallen, loveless world to scratch out our existence in futility if—and if is a big word here—He hadn’t met the emergency with Himself.
When horizontal relationships fail, and they will, we can still go vertical. “He reached down from heaven and took hold of me,” Ps. 18:16. God reached down in sending Jesus to re-bond heaven and earth. He reached down in inspiring His Word, His love letter to all people. God reaches down moment by moment through His Spirit to re-bond with you. When human relationships fail, there is still love. “Every soul is as fully known to Jesus as if he were the only one for whom the Savior died. The distress of every one touches His heart. The cry for aid reaches His ear. He came to draw all men unto Himself. He bids them, ‘Follow Me,’ and His Spirit moves upon their hearts to draw them to come to Him.” Desire of Ages, 480.
You don’t have to spend your life in anxious detachment, the infant within wailing for a warm embrace. No matter what, where, and who you are, because of Him, you can love and be loved.
How has God revealed His love to you lately? | <urn:uuid:b1e86db5-6a16-4b4d-9319-ab6d3a5d3c08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifeandhealth.org/lifestyle/the-love-cure-for-addiction/164350.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.955816 | 908 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Syda Productions - stock.adobe.c
An AI tool can only do so much.
But if you're good enough, you can create hideous creatures brought to you by Google's Chimera Painter, a trained machine learning model that automatically fleshes out a monster based on a user-created outline.
The Google AI art tool, released Tuesday, is available free to users in a demo form.
Easy to use, hard to master
Chimera Painter is deceptively simple: It's a paintbrush that enables users to distinguish specific body parts of the outlines of their drawings. Once an outline is complete, the tool will automatically create a 3D model based on it.
In Greek mythology, the Chimera is a fire-breathing monster depicted as a lion with a serpent's tail and the head of a goat protruding from its back. A chimera refers to an organism that contains a blend of genetically distinct tissues.
Yet users need some artistic skills to sketch a creature that will look like a full-fledged monster chimera.
As explained on the Google AI blog post that unveiled Chimera Painter, the tool -- designed to produce video-game-ready creature images -- is powered by generative adversarial networks (GANs) informed by artists.
Competing neural networks
A GAN is a machine learning model in which two convolutional neural networks compete with each other to become more accurate in their predictions. For Chimera Painter, one network created new images, and the other network tried to determine if the pictures were from a sample training data set, which featured artist-created images.
The outlines characterized the shape and size of the creature and separated out each identifiable body part, including the legs, eyes, ears, head, muzzle, horns and wings. After training the model, it was then used to produce multi-species chimeras based on those outlines, according to Google. Researchers put the best model into Chimera Painter.
In training the GANs, Google researchers built a data set of full-color images with single-species outlines of creatures adapted from 3D creature models. The team had to create a semi-automated way to build enough creature models to train the networks, in which artists created or obtained a set of 3D creature models, and then made two sets of textures to overlay on the model using the Unreal Engine, the blog noted.
One set of models contained the full-color texture, while the other had flat colors for each body part. The researchers gave the second set to the GAN during training to ensure that it learned the different sizes, shapes and textures of each body part across different creatures.
Google researchers compiled more than 10,000 image and segmentation map pairs per 3D creature model using this method, according to the blog.
To create recognizable creatures, users need to develop recognizable outlines. A badly drawn outline will output a badly textured 3D model. Chimera Painter appears to use machine learning models with the capacity to recognize high-quality, intricate outlines.
Still, the software fails to neatly join outlines that a young child or someone with limited artistic ability might create. (Note the accompanying images -- one created by someone with little artistic ability; the other by a more skilled visual artist.)
The tool could potentially save artists hours spent rendering concept art for a target medium such as video games or card or board games.
If anything, the new tool helps highlight how far AI has come in terms of being able to augment human creativity. While it's hardly the first AI-powered tool to create art, Chimera Painter comes amid a new push in the AI industry to use machine learning to work in concert with and perhaps stimulate human creativity.
Recently, startup AI21 Labs released Wordtune, a tool that can automatically rewrite sentences. A competitor, Grammarly, has also released tools that use AI to improve a person's writing. Meanwhile, numerous startups use AI to help musicians create music for various venues, including video games. | <urn:uuid:3f71b75e-13b9-4ae5-ae11-e63fe571fe80> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/news/252492433/Google-AI-art-tool-turns-2D-creatures-into-3D-models | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.936924 | 817 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Voltage and capacity can be customized.
48V voltage, 25Ah capacity, BSPFE48025SF,
Shrink film packaged, PVC sheet built inside for protection,
PCB BMS built in with foams, power wires came out,
Chemistry: LiFePO4 pouch cells,
(Can also use Li-NCM cylindrical cells, like LG, Samsung, Panasonic etc.)
Discharge current: 15A continuous / 30A peak,
Charge current: 15A continuous / 30A shortly,
Size: 165*150*265mm, weight: 9.5 ± 0.2 kg,
Power cables came out with bullet connectors.
For the shrink film battery packs made with pouch cells, cells will be stacked together, then have cell tabs go through the PCB converting board(s), here will be extra foams among them for necessary buffering and isolation. After cells and converting boards are firmly fixed the cell tabs will lay down for welding as parallel and series configuration. To build the battery pack it will have BMS located and installed on the cell pack with necessary isolation foams. After that we will use PVC sheets all around the pack for protection, then use heat shrink film wrap the whole pack with heat blower to finish the final package.
For the shrink film battery packs made with cylindrical cells, we will use reliable cells like LG, Samsung, Panasonic etc. We will use the plastic cell holder frames to well hold the structure, then customize the thickness of nickel tab according to the current should withstand. After cells pack been assembled, we will use the foams and PVC sheets to fully wrap them, install the BMS and assemble to the complete battery pack.
Above are pictures to show how a shrink film packaged battery pack been made. The pack size can be adjusted according to the inner cell arrangement. For the calculation of shrink film packaged battery pack, please visit please visit the article of "Calculate the size of battery packs that are made by single cells" in FAQ page.
For cell’s quality control and cell's matching and grouping for battery pack, please visit Technology page.
Below are some examples of shrink film packaged packs been made, we will be happy to make customized battery packs for you.
|Voltage||Capacity||Chemistry||Max Dis.Current||Pack Dimension||Package Way||Total Weight|
|24V||20Ah||Li-NCM||≤ 40A constant||105*75*255mm||Shrink film with BMS||3.1kg|
|36V||20Ah||Li-NCM||≤ 40A constant||145*75*255mm||Shrink film with BMS||4.3kg|
|48V||12Ah||Li-NCM||≤ 24A constant||105*75*255mm||Shrink film with BMS||3.3kg|
Please use below form to send your battery pack project requirements to us.
“ We were able to do some testing with some of the modules today, the 80Ah pack worked well in our walk behind model! Those Bestgo Packs made our mowers perform so much better it was just like a brand new machine! “ | <urn:uuid:21ec99e0-6fa6-41a1-a079-0bdfb1c70c13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bestgobattery.com/shrink-film-packaged-battery-pack.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.890947 | 678 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Harmful Landfill Contaminants Ranked According to Level of Toxicity
Scientists have developed a system for ranking toxins commonly found in landfills according to their quantity and level of toxicity, allowing landfill managers and environmental agencies to better manage the environmental threats posed by toxins in leachate.
There are nearly 2,000 currently active landfill sites dotted across the United States, that serve as resting places for garbage generated by households and businesses countrywide. As this garbage breaks down on the landfill it can release chemicals and other toxic contaminants that can accumulate and leach into the surrounding soils and groundwater, where it can pose a serious environmental and public health risk.
In order to combat the threats posed by toxic landfill leachate, scientists from the University of Missouri partnered with the USDA Forest Service to develop a system that ranks landfill contaminants according to their toxicity and amount present.
"Leachate from landfills can cause cancer and other serious harm, and it's a threat whether it's ingested, inhaled, or touched," said Chung-Ho Lin, an associate research professor with the MU Center for Agroforestry in the College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources. "This is the first time a system has been created that can automatically prioritize the pollutants released from a landfill based on their toxicity and abundance."
The ranking system uses an algorithm developed by Lin’s doctoral student, Elizabeth Rogers, who is also an intern at USDA Pathways. Rogers adapted a system originally designed to rank chemicals in wastewater discharged from fracking operations to make it applicable to landfill pollutants.
By linking the algorithm to three "toxicity databasesâ€, the system simplifies the otherwise laborious and costly exercise of identifying a contaminant and determining how harmful and abundant it is. The final result is a system that prioritizes pollutants ranked according to their toxicity potential as well as how prevalent they are at any given landfill site. The system also allows users to customize the prioritization of contaminants according to various factors that can differ depending on the site.
According to Rogers’ co-supervisor, Ronald Zalesny Jr., a supervisory research plant geneticist with the USDA Forest Service, the system’s “ability to easily identify, quantify and rank landfill pollutants meets a very real need.â€
Prioritizing Landfill Contaminants
Identifying and ranking landfill contaminants according to their toxicity and abundance provides a clearer picture of the pollutants that need to be targeted when remedial action is employed at cleanup sites.
Zalesny Jr. works on a project that uses trees to do the dirty work when rehabilitating contaminated soil and groundwater at landfill sites. Trees such as willow and poplar help break down and absorb pollutants from soil and groundwater and they also inhibit runoff that can transport pollutants offsite — a process referred to as phytoremediation. By preventing contaminated runoff from getting into streams and rivers, we can ultimately protect aquatic ecosystems, including larger freshwater systems such as lakes.
“Knowing which pollutants are the most important targets at a given location is crucial,†said Zalesny Jr., “because different trees employ different methods of removing pollutants from the soil, and no single method will work on every type of pollutant.
"In the past, we have mostly targeted the most common pollutants, such as herbicides and contaminants from crude oil," Zalesny Jr. said. "Using this prioritization tool, we could now go to basically any contaminated site, identify the top contaminants, and match those contaminants with our trees to create a sustainable, long-term solution for cleaning up pollution."
According to Rogers, the algorithm’s creator, the system offers another significant benefit. There are many ‘emerging pollutants’ appearing on landfills that are currently not monitored or regulated. This makes it exceedingly difficult to mitigate their environmental effects. By presenting research scientists with up-to-date information on a wide range of potential pollutants, the ranking system can help environmental agencies to prioritize and address these hazardous new toxins.
"Some of the most potentially harmful compounds that we identified using this scheme were from things like antibiotics or prescription medications, which could have serious impacts on the human endocrine system," Rogers said. "There were also compounds from personal care products. And while we know these newer classes of compounds can have negative impacts, there is still a lot we don't know about them, and they're ending up in landfills. Hopefully, the use of this system will encourage more research into their impacts."
While landfills are not responsible for generating the trash, they do have a responsibility to ensure environmental integrity. However, to do so, they need to know what contaminants are present, as well as how toxic and how abundant they are. Having this information can help landfill managers and environmental stewards take appropriate remedial action to address the environmental and public health threats these contaminants pose. It also creates public awareness surrounding the chemical toxins released into the environment by household garbage that ends up on a landfill. Ultimately it is up to the public to reduce the amount of waste they generate and discard.
Elizabeth R. Rogers, Ronald S. Zalesny, Chung-Ho Lin. A systematic approach for prioritizing landfill pollutants based on toxicity: Applications and opportunities. Journal of Environmental Management, 2021; 284: 112031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112031
Image Credit: Delta Southridge Landfill | <urn:uuid:01b0d66c-b909-43eb-9c87-f0435e30de0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://diamondsci.com/blogs/news/landfill-contaminants-ranked | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.939911 | 1,133 | 3.328125 | 3 |
The Schengen states have jointly agreed on which countries' citizens are required to present a visa.
Find out if you need a visa.
The Schengen states have jointly agreed on which countries' citizens are required to present a visa. Each Schengen state decides which passports and travel documents it accepts from different countries citizens.
Even if you did not need a visa to visit Finland, you need a valid passport or some other travel document accepted by Finland. It must be valid for at least ninety days after your intended date of departure from the Schengen area.
In case you do not need a visa, you can stay in Finland or the territory of another Schengen state for ninety days in any 180 days. Upon arrival in Finland, you must meet the general entry requirements. A person must not constitute a danger to public order and security, national health, or Finland’s international relations.
Book an appointment
Partnering with governments across the world, we support visa applicants through the entire application process. Please note applications will be accepted in the Visa application center only by appointment.
Track your application
The signed application form must be accompanied by the rest of the above-mentioned mandatory documents and handed personally to the appropriate embassy/consulate or its representative in your home country.
Collect your passport
Please check with the Visa Application Centre at the time of submission for the options available to collect your passport.
Seasonal workers' visa
You normally need a residence permit to be allowed to work in Finland. However, for seasonal work of a maximum of 90 days you do not need a residence permit but a visa or a seasonal work certificate as a citizen of a visa-free country.
Seasonal work done in Finland will be governed by the Seasonal Work Act based on the new EU Directive on seasonal workers. The Seasonal Work Act does not apply to picking wild berries because this does not involve an employment relationship. The picking of wild berries takes place by the Act on the Legal Status of Foreigners Collecting Natural Products (487/2021). The Employment and Economic Development Office of North Ostrobothnia follow the fulfillment of the conditions specified in sections 5 and 7 of the Act, which entered into force on 14 June 2021, applying to operators in the natural products sector.
Click Here to Visit | <urn:uuid:68bb0164-8947-4c02-b78d-d118161c948b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://visaoperations.com/finland-visa-524 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.925062 | 477 | 1.648438 | 2 |
The break-apart effect is a really cool way to bring your images to life and grab someone’s attention. You’ll first need to download the Debris Brush, which makes the job a whole lot easier. Time to turn on the magic!
Open the image of your subject. Here I’m going for a mime. To avoid space limitations for the effects, you’ll need to enlarge the image’s black space. Go to Image – Canvas Size and enlarge to any size you like.
Create a new blank layer and name it Particles. Then, select the areas you want to “blow apart”. Follow this up by feathering the selection (with the Feather command) to soften the edges, which helps to make the effects look more realistic.
Now, select the Debris Brush we had downloaded. Set the Foreground Color (red) as the Background Color (black).
Then, simply use the Brush (B) to paint over the parts you want to disintegrate.
After you’re done applying the Brush, your image should look something like this.
Repeat the previous step, but change the foreground color to white to make the particles “explode” into tiny pieces.
Lastly, transform the particles (T) to add in a little bit of motion and shape. You can also make them more dazzling by throwing in some color.
Abracadabra! This is how magic looks like. Hope you had as much fun on this tutorial as I had conjuring it!
Here’s another image as an example. | <urn:uuid:963cf2f2-9a98-4bcc-8c7a-9d0e4d55bb27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.blog.123rf.com/5-easy-steps-to-create-a-break-apart-effect | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.920365 | 360 | 2.140625 | 2 |
The content below is taken from the original (This Chart Compares 81 Hacker Friendly Single Board Computers), to continue reading please visit the site. Remember to respect the Author & Copyright.
You have a ton of different options for single board computers that can run the likes of Linux or Android. While a board like the Raspberry Pi might be the most popular, it’s certainly not the only one. Over on HackerBoards, they have a massive chart comparing all 81 different boards.
The HackerBoards chart covers price, processor, RAM, and a bunch of other useful specs. This makes it pretty easy to see the differences between say, a Banana Pi, a BeagleBone, and a Raspberry Pi with just a glance. If you want to dig deeper than just specs, HackerBoards has you covered with its detailed catalog too. Of course, there are lot of factors other than specs to consider when you’re picking a board, but this is a great start. | <urn:uuid:f11f95cc-6031-4d8d-91b8-f65b7a7fc4f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blabley.org/this-chart-compares-81-hacker-friendly-single-board-computers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.93212 | 201 | 1.875 | 2 |
Similarities between Earth and Mars: structure (core, mantle, crust); there is a change of seasons; there is water (on Mars it is in a solid state), there is a magnetic field. Difference: there is life on Earth, not found on Mars yet; Earth has one satellite, Mars has two; the mass and dimensions of the Earth are larger than the Martian ones; Earth’s atmosphere consists of nitrogen and oxygen, Mars – of carbon dioxide with admixtures of nitrogen and argon; the atmospheric pressure of the Martian atmosphere is 100 times less than that of the Earth.
Remember: The process of learning a person lasts a lifetime. The value of the same knowledge for different people may be different, it is determined by their individual characteristics and needs. Therefore, knowledge is always needed at any age and position. | <urn:uuid:d7279052-f723-4714-979f-bfabeae97bd4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bystudin.com/name-and-analyze-the-similarities-and-differences-between-mars-and-earth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.946719 | 168 | 3.375 | 3 |
In liar’s poker, the game is played with poker combinations. The dice combinations are sorted by value, in order from highest to lowest, according to the following classification:
- Repoker: when the combination of the five dice is equal.
- Poker: when four dice are the same and one is different.
- Full house: when you have three of the same dice and the other two dice are the same.
- Three of a kind: when the combination is three of the same dice and the other two are different.
- Double pair: when you have two different pairs.
- Pair: when you only get one pair and the rest of the dice are different.
- In the case of two matching pairs, the value of the dice will be looked at.
In the event that the move is considered to be true, the second player must secretly check that his predecessor’s statement was true and, regardless of the value of the dice, he must roll the dice he considers appropriate to get a higher combination than the current one. To do this, he can keep any of the dice he received in the same position as long as he leaves them uncovered and roll the rest. After seeing the value of the covered dice, he will pass the cup to the player on the right and tell him the current move, which must be higher in value than that of his predecessor, and he will take his turn.
Betting: How to Bet and Types
In liar’s betting you bet in the same way as in card poker. Therefore, the dealer is free to post blinds (initial bets), while the player on the right is obliged to post the small blind, and the player on the right is obliged to post the big blind. These values are set before the game begins. Once the game starts, each player can make three different types of bets: call, raise or check, all referring to the largest bet on the table.
You can bet in craps in the same way as you can in poker.
How to Play Craps
Although luck and chance are fundamental aspects of playing craps poker, strategy and knowing when to bluff, or how many dice to leave uncovered, are just as important. You have to be very careful not to make too high a proposition, because if the next player can’t beat it they will often be wary.
Dice Table Zones
As we have already seen, there are two parts to the game, one is when the dice are thrown in the centre of the table and can be seen by the other players, and the other part is when the dice are thrown into the cup and hidden from the rest of the players. | <urn:uuid:80f8a494-3955-42a7-8cd9-2bb5253b2045> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://habitatsanjose.org/casino-games/liars-poker-rules/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.962964 | 555 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has awarded a $1.79 million grant to the UNC Injury Prevention Research Center to study the impact of the “Wise Guys: The Next Level,” a rape prevention education program that focuses on adolescent and young men. The four-year study, conducted by a multidisciplinary research team from the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC School of Social Work and partners with Children’s Home Society of North Carolina, will also examine the program’s secondary effects of preventing dating violence, bullying, high-risk sexual assault behaviors, and sexual harassment.
The Greensboro-based Children’s Home Society originally designed Wise Guys: The Next Level program to educate young men and boys in Guilford County about intimate partner violence and to prevent sexual assault. The CDC-funded study will determine best practices for applying similar education programs throughout North Carolina and around the country.
“Sexual violence is a highly prevalent and deeply significant social and public health problem,” said co-principal investigator for the evaluation, Kathryn E. (Beth) Moracco, a research associate professor in the department of Health Behavior at the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health. “Despite the magnitude and severity of sexual violence, little is known about how best to prevent sexual violence perpetration. This critical gap in the sexual violence prevention evidence limits our ability to implement comprehensive programs to prevent and reduce sexual violence perpetration.”
The UNC evaluation, which is expected to enroll 520 participants, will examine whether Wise Guys: The Next Level program helps to sexual violence by addressing known risk and protective factors, such as rape culture and unhealthy masculinity, gender stereotyping, communication and consent in relationships. Although the rape prevention education program has been used in numerous sites that serve boys and young men at high risk for committing sexual violence, few randomized trials have been conducted to test the program’s effectiveness, said co-principal investigator Rebecca Macy, the L. Richardson Preyer Distinguished Chair for Strengthening Families Professor in the UNC School of Social Work.
“Many sexual violence prevention programs are developed by innovative community-based agencies, like the Children’s Home Society,” Macy said. “These community-developed programs are often doing tremendous good, but they lack outcomes to show that good. This CDC funding gives us a unique opportunity to build a practice-researcher partnership to develop rigorous evidence about what works to prevent sexual violence.” | <urn:uuid:d2db8c2f-7cbf-4a78-9f51-9c98893f4152> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ssw.unc.edu/2016/09/unc-researchers-awarded-1-79-million-cdc-grant-for-sexual-violence-study/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.931498 | 517 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Vol. 13 - Num. 50
aPediatra. CS Cuzco. Fuenlabrada. Madrid. España.
bMédico de Familia. CS Cuzco. Fuenlabrada. Madrid. España.
cEnfermera. CS Cuzco. Fuenlabrada. Madrid. España.
dPeditra. CS Cuzco. Fuenlabrada. Madrid. España.
Correspondence: MR Albañil. E-mail: [email protected]
Reference of this article: Albañil Ballesteros MR, Rogero Blanco ME, Sánchez Martín M, Olivas Domínguez A, Rabanal Basalo A, Sanz Bayona MT. The risk of staying obese from childhood to the end of adolescence. Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria. 2011;13:199-211.
Published in Internet: 20-06-2011 - Visits: 15988
Introduction: obesity is one of the most important problems in public health. It’s associated, at any age, with extensive comorbidity, notably cardiovascular disease and type2 diabetes.
When present in childhood, obesity poses a risk of remaining at later ages.
The objective of this study is to know the risk of children who are obese (according to Body Mass Index: BMI) at different stages of childhood, to stay obese when they become young adults.
Subjects and methods: a long-term study of 153 children born in 1989 is carried out, calculating their BMI at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, and 18 years old. The relative risk of the children who are obese at each one of those ages to remain obese at 18-19 was calculated.
Results: children who are obese at 6, or later, showed an evident risk (from 7 to 23) to stay obese at 18. This risk peaks (23.8) at 11 years old, with figures of 40.9 in girls and 11.7 in boys.
The prevalence of obesity at 18 is 7.18% (CI: 3.0-11.0) (6.25% in males, and 7.86 in females); the prevalence of overweight is 18.3% (CI: 11.9-24.0) (26.56% in males and 12.35% in females).
Conclusions: children who are obese at age 6, or older, show a higher risk of remaining obese at 18-19 years old.
Keywords● Adolescents ● Body Mass Index ● Child ● Childhood obesity ● Childhood overweight ● Follow-up studies ● Prevalence ● Primary Care
This article has no comments yet. | <urn:uuid:82c195a9-9a9e-4ba9-a257-20d46d0388d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pap.es/articulo/11487/the-risk-of-staying-obese-from-childhood-to-the-end-of-adolescence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.827689 | 594 | 2.90625 | 3 |
A series of experiments have been made in a wind tunnel to investigate the ventilation of snow by shear. We argue that the zero-plane displacement can be used as a convenient indicator of ventilation, and that this can be obtained from measurements of mean velocity profiles in conditions of zero pressure gradient. Measurements made over a natural snow surface show a zero-plane displacement depth of less than 5 mm, but practical considerations preclude extensive use of snow for these measurements. Instead, the influence of permeability is investigated using reticulated foams in place of snow. We demonstrate that the foam and snow have similar structure and flow-relevant properties. Although the surface of the foam is flat, the roughness lengths increase by two orders of magnitude as the permeability increases from 6 x 10-9 to 160 x 10-9 m2. The zero-plane displacement for the least permeable foams is effectively zero, but more than 15 mm for the most permeable foams. Our data compare well to the few studies available in the literature. By analogy to conditions over snow surfaces, we suggest that shear-driven ventilation of snow is therefore limited to the upper few millimetres of snow surfaces. | <urn:uuid:56dddbba-3c13-42ee-a839-975b2ebebda4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A6437 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.923462 | 240 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Schools - Curricular
Practise blending and word building with this pack of double-sided magnetic word strips. Ideal for use in one-to-one intervention sessions, as well as in small groups, each magnet depicts an outline on one side and a template on the reverse to support decoding and visual strategies for learning the spelling patterns of words. Can be used with magnetic letter packs (sold separately) or with dry-wipe pens. Includes 33 strips covering CVC words.
|Sell UOM Description||Each| | <urn:uuid:77c566a7-7e75-404c-a68f-3fe2b4eb2994> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shop.xlos.co.uk/cvc-word-strips-pack-of-33/pi/HE1000051-2749621-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.794406 | 180 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Between 1990 and 2001, László Lajtha's niece, Ildikó Lajtha, an economist, endeavoured to present Lajtha's original bequest. She collected documents on Lajtha, and organized several exhibitions, concerts, etc. Understanding that the heritage of an international composer and ethnomusicologist should be available for research, she offered it to the Hungarian Heritage House in 2001. In 2013, Lajtha's bequest was divided, with his folk music collection remaining at the Heritage House, and his legacy of works as a composer going to the Institute for Musicology. Ildikó Lajtha died in 2013. During her life she supported every proposal concerning the bequest of László Lajtha.
Role osób zaangażowanych w kolekcje
Autorzy tej strony
- Vámos, Gabriella | <urn:uuid:00d07d94-a82a-487b-911d-5368b1013fc0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://pl.cultural-opposition.eu/registry/?lang=pl&uri=http://courage.btk.mta.hu/courage/individual/n16965&type=people | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.903692 | 222 | 1.625 | 2 |
Checking your car tires and making an assessment of its health is important for its overall longevity and practicing fuel economy. The tires play an important role in your car and if neglected, it could result in a potentially dangerous situation. If you do not look after your car tires, this can result in the tires becoming structurally weaker and in most cases, leave you with a flat far from home. But it could also result in your tires not being able to bear the brunt of sudden brakes, leading to accidents.
To avoid this, it is necessary to follow certain tire care tips and ensure they become a part of your maintenance routine. These should be ideally followed once a month.
Let’s examine 3 must-have points on car tire safety checklists.
- Get tire balancing and alignment
Many people are unaware of tire balancing and this may pose a serious threat to the safety and well-being of the driver. Whenever you buy a tire or two, ensure that a qualified technician balances the tires to ensure that they roll forward smoothly and without any hindrance. This also enhances the drive and ensures there is no vibration on the road. Neglecting the balancing of tires can expedite their irregular wear. This may require you to get replacements more often and getting new tires is not cheap.
The alignment of the wheels is also very important to ensure that the tires are all moving forward in a fluid motion and in a straight line. If the tires are not aligned properly, this may result in drifting.
- Check for irregular wear
It is to be noted that all tires wear down in the due course of time. Your concern here is irregular wear. This wearing out can be at the center of the tires or even that which is restricted to the shoulders of the tire. Flat spot wears occur when you brake suddenly, leaving a long ugly skid mark. Feathering and cupping occur when you use the vehicle with reckless abandon and cut corners aggressively.
If you notice any of these marks, it is time to replace your tires. Do not risk driving with worn-out tires as even if the roads appear safe, it is best to be careful rather than sorry. This is an essential addition to your car tire safety checklist.
- Inspect the tire sidewalls
Harsh road conditions can leave your tires in bad shape and it is important to inspect them for any signs of wear and tear. The numerous potholes and curbs along with other objects on the road can cause cuts and tears in the walls of your vehicle’s tires. If you notice this, it is important to immediately replace them, especially if the bulge or cut is severe.
Many retailers today give some good deals like free warranties for road hazards. So, when making a purchase on your tire, ensure you get one of these deals. | <urn:uuid:4116bb95-3cca-4021-a37e-962c6ed5a87a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.spahealthy.net/life/3-must-have-points-on-car-tire-safety-checklists/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957566 | 573 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Lee County schools increase campus security after Florida shooting
Lee County School District officials announced plans to boost security on campuses after a gunman opened fire at Parkland high school Wednesday, leaving 17 dead.
Superintendent Greg Adkins said at a press conference Thursday afternoon that the district is looking to increase the presence of law enforcement in schools, and may bring city police officers into some Fort Myers schools.
"That's something where we can look for a joint presence with our sheriff's partners and also our city of Fort Myers police in a single school," Adkins said.
Nikolas Cruz, 19, was charged with 17 counts of premeditated murder Thursday morning after being questioned for hours by state and federal authorities. Fourteen wounded survivors were hospitalized as bodies were recovered from inside and around Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School.
A statement posted on the district's website said there was enhanced security on campuses Thursday, though Adkins did not disclose the number of additional officers stationed on school campuses, citing safety concerns.
That enhanced security will be in place for the foreseeable future, said the district's communications coordinator Rob Spicker, via email.
The district also has additional counselors available for students, and included a list of tips and resources on what to do in an active shooter situation and how to speak with children about school shootings on its website.
Adkins said he's not concerned about students being scared by an increased police presence, because the officers are trusted parts of the school community.
"These officers can often be seen in hallways talking to students, high-fiving, doing knuckle bumps," he said.
He said the district is looking at Bonita Springs High School, which opens in August, as the first site to have adaptive surveillance technology. The technology would provide alerts of security breaches in addition to surveillance.
Each high school and middle school has one school resource officer, but Adkins said the district may increase that number as the schools grow. The district will also send a team of counselors to Broward County when the high school reopens, Adkins said.
Lee County Undersheriff Carmine Marceno said the sheriff's office has "continuous communication and partnership with the school district and administration."
"We will make sure that safety is number one when it comes to your children in this county," Marceno said.
A statement from Lee County Sheriff's Office said LCSO will be "intensifying safety measures at and around all of the county’s schools."
"LCSO has safety and security plans in place in our schools, in conjunction with the Lee County School District to address active shooter events such as the one in Broward County."
In Cape Coral, the charter schools will re-evaluate their crisis response plans with the police department, said Superintendent Jacquelin Collins. She said there is active-shooter training for staff, but the next step is to train the students.
She said the approach of the training will be especially important for younger students. Parents will need to give permission for their students to participate in the training, but she anticipates there won't be much resistance from parents when it comes to safety preparedness.
Collins said the charter school authority will send a notice to parents notifying them of their crisis plan. Charter school officials were going to evaluate emergency plans later in the year with budget discussions, but Collins said Wednesday's shooting show that the conversations "need to be had now."
"This is a need now," Collins said. "We're in a different scenario." | <urn:uuid:3b3e54ac-9aa4-42f1-baf5-8b6b6ddc2938> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.news-press.com/story/news/local/2018/02/15/lee-county-schools-increase-campus-security-light-florida-shooting/340325002/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.977369 | 721 | 1.726563 | 2 |
On Saturday, July 16, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed into legislation a nationwide ban on utilizing digital property for funds.
The motion comes after the Russian authorities and central financial institution have debated on what they need to do about cryptocurrency.
Russia Bans Crypto
In January, the Financial institution of Russia proposed a ban on cryptocurrency for funds or investments, in accordance with Engadget.
In February, Russia’s Finance Ministry submitted a draft of crypto rules to the federal government, which permits for investing in digital property like Ethereum or Bitcoin, however not utilizing them to buy issues.
The legislation was printed on the Russian parliament web site.
It states that the federal government has “prohibited to switch or settle for digital monetary property as a consideration for transferred items, rendered companies, carried out works,” and different ways in which enable one to imagine fee for items by a digital monetary asset, besides as in any other case offered by federal legal guidelines.
Russia has been within the crypto debate for the reason that nation invaded Ukraine in early 2022. Because of this, large crypto firms like Binance and Coinbase mentioned they’d adjust to US or EU laws on limiting Russians using crypto exchanges.
Crypto laws in Russia could be very sophisticated for the reason that nation’s central financial institution beforehand known as for a ban on Bitcoin mining and crypto transactions, however in early 2022, Russia’s Finance Ministry mentioned that it will be needed to permit cryptocurrency know-how to develop.
President Putin had optimistic feedback about Bitcoin mining again in January when he mentioned that the nation had “aggressive benefits,” together with a “surplus electrical energy and well-trained personnel obtainable in Russia” to mine the forex.
In keeping with the info from CoinMarketCap, Bitcoin closed the week down about 5% to $20,790.64, Ethereum holding at $1,231.54, down lower than a % over every week.
Russia’s Aggressive Benefits in Bitcoin Mining
Decrypt reported that Putin believes that Russia has aggressive benefits in terms of mining cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.
Putin’s feedback got here after the federal government’s Finance Ministry mentioned it will be “needed to permit” some of these applied sciences to develop, and that the ban on crypto just isn’t wanted.
In a video name with authorities members, Putin talked about the Bitcoin mining and cryptocurrency transactions ban and mentioned that the “central financial institution has its personal place, and the enlargement of any such exercise carries sure dangers.”
Putin added that Russia has “sure aggressive benefits,” particularly in mining, because of the surplus of electrical energy and well-trained personnel that they’ve.
Cryptocurrency mining is the method of verifying transactions on the blockchain and minting new cash or tokens utilizing computer systems. Mining Bitcoin is a course of that makes use of numerous power and requires highly effective and costly machines.
Russian Bitcoin miners present 10% of the computing energy to the Bitcoin community, however the nation’s authorities have talked in regards to the restrictions on the business a number of occasions.
China, which at one level was the place many of the Bitcoin mining actions occurred, lately banned the apply resulting from environmental considerations.
The China ban on Bitcoin mining has since brought on a migration of miners to different nations.
Associated Article: Putin Makes Cryptocurrency Legal in Russia: Top 5 Points
This text is owned by Tech Instances
Written by Sophie Webster
ⓒ 2022 TECHTIMES.com All rights reserved. Don’t reproduce with out permission. | <urn:uuid:aec5f45b-cf00-4c93-8ed8-7c41c746cc98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://currencyjournals.com/russias-central-financial-institution-bans-cryptocurrency-transactions-and-bitcoin-mining-within-the-nation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.945616 | 749 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The Astronomy Club views Jupiter, Saturn, and the Moon through our Meade 14 inch telescopeDecember 9, 2021
The viewing took place outside the Physics building in late October with the department’s largest portable telescope
The Astronomy Club took the department’s 14 inch Meade telescope out for viewing of the night sky.
Department staff members Tom Barnello and Dan Boyd, with help from Astronomy Club president
Jennifer Teissler, set up this gargantuan telescope, then let club members and interested passersby
have a look through it. They saw amazingly crisp views of the craters on the Moon, moons of Jupiter,
and rings of Saturn.
Photos by Robin Shelton, faculty mentor for the Astronomy Club. Photos copyrighted | <urn:uuid:9d6867e3-aec8-4eeb-b010-fa2648d04465> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.physast.uga.edu/blogs/news/posts/the-astronomy-club-views-jupiter-saturn-and-the-moon-through-our-meade-14-inch-telescope | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.906088 | 155 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Please wait - script is processing information...
WARNING: the interactive features of this website use CSS3, which your browser does not support. To use the full features of this website, please update your browser.
524,232 items of data are available, covering 452,418 participants, encoded using Data-Coding 100352
Defined-instances run from 0 to 3, labelled using Instancing 2
Data has not been summarised because it is considered sensitive information.
ACE touchscreen question "Have you ever had sexual intercourse with someone of the same sex?"
If the participant activated the Help button they were shown the message:
|Sexual intercourse includes vaginal, oral or anal intercourse.|
Field 2159 was collected from all participants except those who indicated they never had had sexual intercourse, as defined by their answers to Field 2139
2 Related Data-Fields
|2139||Age first had sexual intercourse||Current Field was collected from all participants except those who indicated they never had had sexual intercourse, as defined by their answers to Field 2139|
|3669||Lifetime number of same-sex sexual p ...||Field 3669 was collected from participants those who indicated they had had sexual intercourse with someone of the same sex, as indicated by their answers to Current Field|
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health | <urn:uuid:aa8da653-4fbd-4dbd-91f0-bd7b231a97f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://biobank.ndph.ox.ac.uk/showcase/field.cgi?id=2159 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957642 | 293 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Vanillin decorated chitosan as electrode material for sustainable energy storage†
Energy storage materials made from bioresources are crucial to fulfil the need for truly sustainable energy storage. In this work, vanillin, being a lignin-derived molecule, is coupled to chitosan, a biobased polymer backbone, and used as a redox active electrode material. The structure of those electrodes is highly defined, leading to better product security than in lignin based electrodes, which have been presented as sustainable electrodes in the past. With over 60% of saccharide units in chitosan functionalised by vanillin, the concentration of redox functionalities in the copolymer is significantly higher than in lignin materials. Composites with carbon black require no further binders or additives to be used as electrode material and show reversible charge storage up to 80 mA h g−1 (respective to the total electrode material) and good stability. Consequently, these electrodes are amongst the best performing electrodes made from regrown organic matter.
- This article is part of the themed collection: Editors' collection: Physical Chemistry of Colloids and Interfaces | <urn:uuid:43387246-7f71-45a9-881b-6c949ef77924> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/RA/C9RA00140A | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.922253 | 238 | 2.75 | 3 |
Political stability often gets overlooked when it comes to managing wealth offshore. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has brought this to light. It has shaken the world, the stock market and sparked concern surrounding personal and business wealth which has, for some, already been affected by rising costs as a result of the pandemic.
“Historically, Ukraine has experienced a turbulent monetary history, but as the National Bank of Ukraine became operationally independent in 2015, locals had come to trust their own local banks,” says James Turner, Director of Company Formation Specialists, Turner Little.
“In the midst of the war, anyone who has funds deposited in a Ukrainian bank is at risk of losing their wealth, whilst the country’s assets are also at risk. On the other side, the war has sparked a coalition amongst jurisdictions that have traditionally attracted Russian wealth. These jurisdictions are cooperating to not only impose sanctions, but freeze or seize the wealth of Russian officials, business executives and state representatives — so no one has access to their own wealth,” he adds.
“Whilst all eyes are on Russia and Ukraine, the reality is there is potential for this to happen anywhere in the world, and is becoming an ever real possibility in Europe. It’s extremely important for those who want to establish their business or manage their wealth offshore to choose a jurisdiction that provides both political and economic stability, without the potential of a crisis. This is where the age old saying ‘don’t put all your eggs in one basket’ rings true, as it is equally important to diversify your wealth globally, which enables you to choose jurisdictions where conflict is unlikely, such as the Caribbean,” he says.
“Diversifying your money across multiple parts of the world brings the reassurance of a financial safety net. It also reduces financial vulnerability and lessens your chances of getting caught up in a potential economic collapse. When considering how diversified your investments should be, the general rule of 3 is a good place to start. As such, your portfolio should include a minimum of 3 different investment types to shield your assets from market changes. Another option is to simply hold your money in an offshore account to protect it from potential threats, such as divorce lawyers, creditors and legal action. With all these factors to carefully consider, we recommend seeking professional advice from reputable offshore banking experts,” adds James.
As specialists in offshore banking, Turner Little can arrange a bespoke, offshore account that works for you and your needs, regardless of your country of residence. So pick up the phone or get in touch today. | <urn:uuid:9fb5561f-462c-466b-870e-204d0046b8d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.turnerlittle.com/offshore-banking/protecting-your-wealth-from-the-risk-of-war/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.964346 | 533 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Cambridge environmental science class honored for water quality initiative | Local
EVAN LAWRENCE Special for The Post-Star
CAMBRIDGE – The New York State School Boards Association on Thursday presented Cambridge Central School with its Champions of Change Award for the ongoing Lake Hedges Water Quality Initiative from the Science Classroom. the high school environment.
The program made headlines earlier this year when students alerted lake residents to the presence of cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, in the private lake.
A resident realized that the toxins released by the bacteria could be what was making her dog sick and shared the information with her veterinarian. With treatment, the dog recovered.
Catherine Lewis, Schenectady School District School Board President and NYSSBA Zone 7 Principal, presented a “Champions for Change” banner at the school Thursday afternoon.
The presentation, which was attended by school superintendent Douglas Silvernell, high school principal Caroline Goss, school board president Jessica Ziehm, school board member Neil Gifford, environmental science teacher Steve Butz and members of this year’s environmental science class took place on the dock overlooking the pond. in the school’s biosphere reserve.
People also read…
Lewis said the NYSSBA launched the non-competitive award during the pandemic to recognize worthwhile projects from public schools and other educational institutions. Recipients are chosen by a committee of NYSSBA members and staff.
Butz said the school’s water quality testing program began in 2003 when invasive zebra mussels were found in Lake Hedges, about 6 miles north of the school. The program added the Batten Kill in 2006 and the pond in the biosphere reserve a few years ago.
“Hundreds of students have gone through the program,” Butz said.
Some have embarked on careers in the environmental field.
The students take water samples, analyze them in the lab and tell the community about their findings, Butz said.
“Students learn hands-on research,” he said.
The community also benefits. Other than the students, “no one is studying Hedges Lake,” he said.
Unlike most green algae, which form strands or filaments, Hedges Lake cyanobacteria “look like grains of green sand,” Butz said. The bacteria releases a toxin that can sicken people and animals and has led to numerous beach closures in other places. Hedges Lake has only experienced harmful algal blooms in recent years, Butz said. Although the exact reason has not been determined, he suspects it could be related to higher water temperatures.
Butz thanked the Hedges Lake Campers Association, the organization that oversees the private lake, for their cooperation. The association allows the school to keep the program boat there during the summer. In turn, the students report their discoveries to the association.
“It’s a great collaboration with the community,” Butz said. | <urn:uuid:c4b3c0dd-2bcc-4ef7-9093-c3846af50320> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eco-label-tourism.com/cambridge-environmental-science-class-honored-for-water-quality-initiative-local/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958859 | 621 | 2.140625 | 2 |
1. Find the solutions, or estimated solutions, if they exist, of the quadratic equation
Use zoom tool, if neccessary, to find the points where the graph crosses the x-axis, where y equals 0- this will be the solution(s).
2. The solutions to the equation
occur where the graph crosses the x-axis, at the point the y value is 0.
The graph crosses the x-axis at the points(4.5,0). The only solution is x=4.5
3. Check that 4.5 is a solution. Replace 4.5 for x in the equation
This is a solution | <urn:uuid:9813cecf-e1a2-4a67-b3d6-d2c3a8d4b543> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plainmath.net/23658/state-the-solutions-or-estimated-solutions-to-the-quadratic-equation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.820383 | 159 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Eugene Volokh has an important post on Islamic extremists and moderates. One of his basic points is that there are many millions of Islamic extremists in the world today—people who believe in the death penalty for apostasy and for people who leave the Muslim religion. Such people, whom he numbers in the tens or perhaps hundreds of millions, are “a deadly enemy to Western democracies and to our most fundamental values.”
At the same time, Eugene also notes that there are Islamic moderates, who presumably are a large group as well. These moderates are the allies of the West, both because they provide intelligence and other support to the West in its fight against the extremists and because moderate Muslims are the primary competitors with Islamic extremists for adherents.
These facts, which seem obvious once one states them, have two important implications. First, it is both false and unwise for the West to make negative statements about Islam generally, such as Islam is a religion of war and violence. This is not true of large portions of Islam and it will only weaken and alienate the Islamic moderates who are our allies.
By the same token, however, it is both false and unwise for the West to attempt to suggest that all of Islam is benign, as with statements that Islam is the religion of peace. Such statements are clearly wrong about the Islamic extremists. And they suggest that the West does not recognize that a portion of Islam represents our enemy.
One interesting matter involves people who demand that moderate Muslims condemn (and in some cases combat) the extremists. It is certainly understandable that non-Muslims might feel uncomfortable about Muslims who do not condemn attacks made in the name of Muslims. But such demands are problematic both because they risk alienating the moderate Muslims and because of the risks involved for moderate Muslims in openly and directly confronting the extremists—risks that many in the West, who have far less to worry about, are unwilling to incur. | <urn:uuid:ed21bfd1-7d2d-4f98-ad33-46c09f79f60a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lawliberty.org/islamic-moderates-and-extremists/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.9688 | 391 | 1.859375 | 2 |
There are many reasons why an greatest antivirus computer program is necessary. Place include the protection features plus the features that help you stay ahead of new threats. A good malware program is one that can regularly post on itself and become aware of new threats. It can also prevent long run infections. Malware is a complicated piece of software and can compromise your computer. Malwarebytes is an important element of an malware plan. Excellent high detection rate and it is incredibly light in weight. You can try it out for free for 30 days, which can be great.
Trend Micro uses similar technology to Microsoft’s security items. This anti-virus uses heuristic monitoring, a form of fingerprinting, to scan your PC quickly. While this antivirus does not have any kind of firewall or VPN features, and also come with data file encryption and password director features. Additionally, it has parent control options, and it’s easy to navigate the program’s user interface. It also gives a full scan feature. Using its powerful scanning service engine, Pattern Micro may be a good contender for the purpose of the title of “ultimate antivirus security software software”.
Another characteristic is the visual published here graphical user interface. Ideally, the best antivirus application will be convenient to use, without requiring IT expertise to work with it. A fancy software program can be frustrating just for users so, who can’t track down all of the features they need. Users should also guarantee that the program is compatible with their operating system, especially if they are really using a notebook or PERSONAL COMPUTER. A comprehensive set of system and software requirements is also useful. This way, you may choose a license request that works on your own platform devoid of hassle. | <urn:uuid:83f4b1b8-87eb-4eb8-b9b9-a1e11a46fdd9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://weddingislami.co.id/2022/05/10/how-to-pick-the-ultimate-anti-virus-software/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.935295 | 359 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Title : Horse-IV
Medium : Silk screen on paper
Dimensions : 40 x 31 inch
Year : 2000
Editions : 125
M.F.Husain is also known as the Picasso of India, Maqbool Fida Husain was born in 1915 in Pandharpur in Maharashtra. He studied at Indore Art College before moving to Bombay where he went through a period of painting cinema hoardings. In 1947, he was one of the founding members of the Progressive Artists Group along with F. N. Souza, Krishna Hawlaji Ara, Sayed Haider Raza and Sadanand K. Bakre. He participated in or has been the subject of numerous exhibitions throughout the world, including Sao Paulo Biennale in 1971, the Contemporary Indian Art exhibition at the Royal Academy, London, in 1982 and the India, Myth and Reality: Aspects of Contemporary Indian Art exhibition at the MoMA, New York, in 1982. There have been many publications on his work, notably Richard Bartholomew and Shiv Kapur’s monograph. He was also a film-maker, his popular film ‘Gaja Gamini’ with Madhuri Dixit. He was member of the Indian Parliament from 1986 to 1992. He spent his last remaining years between Dubai, Doha and London. M F Husain passed away in London in 2011. but the legacy he left behind has indeed changed the face of India in the field of art.
He exhibited his works across the world and attained renown very early in his career. Hussain uses cubist style to paint, with most of his subjects chosen from Indian epics. However, he was often embroiled in controversies for portraying disrobed ‘Bharat Mata’ and Hindu Gods & Goddesses in his canvases. He was eventually forced to leave the country and seek asylum in Qatar and London. His paintings have been sold for big bucks, unlike any other artist. Apart from painting, he had directed many films, some of which won him awards. He had been bestowed with Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and Raja Ravi Verma Award for his massive contribution towards Indian Art.
Overview of Serigraph
Limited Edition Serigraph printed in 13 colours on paper. This serigraph was published in an edition size of 125. This item will be shipped unframed, in a roll. The paper size is 40 x 31 inch and image size is 33 x 23 inch. The print is signed by the artist and comes with a certificate of authenticity.
|Dimensions||40 x 31 in|
Unframed works ship in 7-10 business days. Framed works ship in 10-14 business days. | <urn:uuid:1d1c5d55-a0e0-4c56-a708-d0afdf4037cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indiearts.in/product/m-f-husain-horse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.981309 | 582 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Welcome to today's guide on 'Datatype in Python'. Python Data type is normally categorized into built-in data type and user define data type. Data type examples.
An application programming interface (API) is a set of protocols that enables interaction between different applications or systems. APIs are generally divided into different categories such as private or public APIs. REST API, SOAP API, WEB APIs, Microservices are different format of APIs. The API business model has now become a source of revenue for companies.
Welcome to python tutorial on 'Python Lists. You'll learn the basics of lists in python with example. You'll learn about list append, list pop, list extend, list count, list reverse, list copy, etc methods.
In the last few years, Python has been the choice of many students and professional programmers. Python is one of the most popular, robust and powerful programming languages. Python is one of the most search terms and in fact, learned the language.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease is caused by a Coronavirus. This is originated from Wuhan China and now its spread to almost all parts of the world. WHO has declare COVID-19 as pandemic.
Introduction. Hello and welcome back to today's blog post on Elementor new feature. Elementor is one of the the best and most popular word press page builder. You can build… | <urn:uuid:f47bd314-8787-4dc4-9819-416c6852354d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://topictrick.com/2020/03/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.922826 | 292 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The function of white blood cells is to fight infection. In some conditions, the body’s white blood cells work abnormally and cause inflammation.
Azathioprine is converted in the body to a form called 6-thioguanine which becomes incorporated into the DNA of white blood cells. This disrupts the function of the white blood cells and helps to reduce the inflammation.
The full effect of azathioprine may take 8 to12 weeks to become apparent.
Azathioprine has many uses in dermatology including (but not limited to) the following conditions:
- Dermatitis, eg atopic dermatitis (eczema), contact dermatitis, [see irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis] lichen planus
- Autoimmune conditions, eg systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), discoid lupus, dermatomyositis, relapsing polychondritis
- Various types of vasculitis [see cutaneous small vessel vasculitis]
- Neutrophilic dermatoses, eg pyoderma gangrenosum, Behcet’s syndrome
- Immunobullous conditions, eg bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid
- Photosensitive conditions, eg chronic actinic dermatitis, persistent light eruption, polymorphic light eruption
- Other conditions, eg persistent erythema multiforme, chronic graft-versus-host disease, sarcoidosis
Azathioprine tablets are usually taken once a day with food.
Before starting azathioprine your doctor will order a number of blood tests which may include testing for:
- Full blood count (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets)
- Renal function
- Liver function
- An enzyme called thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) which breaks down azathioprine to check it is working properly
- Infectious diseases such as hepatitis viruses, tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before you start an immunosuppressing medication.
It is important that all health professionals involved in your care (eg GP, pharmacist, dentist, specialist) know that you are taking azathioprine.
Azathioprine interacts with a common medication for gout called allopurinol. Do not take allopurinol while you are taking azathioprine.
Azathioprine interacts with warfarin and some blood pressure medications.
Do not take azathioprine if you are pregnant or considering pregnancy. Females of child-bearing age should use a reliable form of contraception while taking azathioprine. Azathioprine is not recommended during breastfeeding as it crosses into breast milk.
You should see your general practitioner to make sure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date before starting azathioprine. Do not have live vaccinations while taking azathioprine.
You will need a blood test before starting azathioprine. After starting azathioprine, regular blood tests will be needed to check full blood count, renal function and liver function. Annual skin checks will be necessary to check for skin cancer.
In most cases, side effects will subside when the treatment is stopped.
The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. These side effects are more common in the first 10 days of treatment. Taking azathioprine with food often reduces these symptoms.
People taking azathioprine are at greater risk of infections such as herpes simplex (cold sores), human papillomavirus (warts), chickenpox and other viral infections. You should tell your dermatologist if you develop an infection while taking azathioprine.
In rare cases, azathioprine can cause bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression). This results in decreased numbers of red and white blood cells and platelets. Regular blood tests are performed to check the blood levels. The level of bone marrow suppression is usually connected to the dose of azathioprine. Higher doses of azathioprine pose a greater chance of bone marrow suppression. If you experience severe illness, fevers, easy bruising or bleeding, racing heartbeat or breathlessness you should tell your dermatologist as these can be signs of bone marrow suppression.
Many medications, including azathioprine, can cause a drug allergy. In rare cases, this may manifest as a drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Symptoms can include a new rash, swelling, abdominal pain, nausea, headaches, muscle pains, joint pains and fever. If you experience these symptoms, especially in the first 2 to 8 weeks of starting azathioprine, you should inform your dermatologist.
Azathioprine can affect liver function. Regular liver function tests are needed.
Azathioprine is harmful to the developing fetus during pregnancy. You should not take azathioprine during pregnancy.
An uncommon adverse effect of azathioprine is skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) and lymphoma. The risk of developing these adverse events is higher in people who take azathioprine for rheumatoid arthritis and organ transplant, partly because higher doses of azathioprine are used causing greater immune suppression.
Before taking this medication and for more information, please ensure you have read and understood the product information provided with the medication.
This information has been written by Dr Alicia Thornton and Dr Catherine Drummond | <urn:uuid:92b0c5fe-6b98-4ef6-9392-40dff828eb81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dermcoll.edu.au/atoz/azathioprine-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.87844 | 1,137 | 2.625 | 3 |
We all know that we a passing through a troubled economic time. Searching for a job is one of the genuine straggling things that most people are experiencing. The economy is finding it hard to be back to normal it is because people find the jobs available disappearing. People who are looking for meaningful employment will surely look of the area where they feel comfortable and have experience at the same time. There is nothing wrong with this kind of approach, but there are still many things that people can consider. One of the new careers that people can consider is fitness training. To be sucessful in fitness training, there are 4 keys that people need to know. Here are the keys that people should consider to be successful in sales in the field of fitness training as well as in other career.
First key: Having a limiting belief can be overcome by being aware of the first key of being successful in sales. This first key is realizing that in this field you are selling for all of your life. This is not called as selling though. This process is called coaching, convincing, and guiding. In this field you have to sell your knowledge, skills and abilities. You have to change your thinking about the word selling.
Second key: The second thing that people should do to become successful is to recognize the object their selling is able to solve the problem of the customers. And that’s it. There is going to be no need for you to have excessive stress. People who are shopping for products or services are surely looking for better and easier life. When you are going to approach a customer you have to make sure that you treat them as your friend. By doing this they are going to tell you what they need. You should talk to them in a natural way.
Third key: The third thing that people need to be successful in the field of sales is to have a superior knowledge of the product you are selling. You have to know all of the things that you need to know about your product or service. It is going to be your responsibility to keep abreast on the new developments that your product or service have. You should also keep tabs of your competitor products. Most of the people are using the internet to do a research for a certain product. That is why it is going to be a good strategy if you are going to put the essential information about your product on your website. This will surely make your goal successful.
Fourth key: The most important thing that you need to do to become successful is to love the product and service that you are selling. You have to believe in the product and service that you have. There are buyers that are able to detect true enthusiasm and respond to it. This kind of enthusiasm combined with the other three keys will surely help you convince your customer that they are making a wise choice of buying when they purchase your product or avail for your service. | <urn:uuid:5dc0b065-b001-4769-b83f-3bbf3769d329> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://super-trainer.com/keys-to-profitable-and-successful-career/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.984188 | 585 | 1.695313 | 2 |
A recent, major police investigation in Glasgow uncovered over 30 million images of child sex abuse and over 500 young victims in a month-long investigation.
77 individuals were charged with crimes against children with some of these cases involving the rape of children as young as three and some abuse involving babies.
During these investigations, 83 suspects’ houses were searched, 547 devices were seized for examination and more than 100,000 chat logs were assessed.
400 charges have been made so far with the Glasgow Police expecting this figure to increase as they uncover even more suspects.
These offences were carried out through websites, online chat rooms and forums used by young people.
How big is this issue today?
Unfortunately, in the society we live in, child abuse has always existedbut due to the unpleasantness of the subject it has not been confronted, at least not enough to alter the statistics.
1 in 20 under 18s have been sexually abused or raped. An alarming proportion of those statistics involve family members.
None of us like to think about the implications of sexual abuse and rape especially in relation to young people or even a child, brother, sister, niece or nephew but with figures such as these, we can no longer afford to simply hope that the problem will cease.
Of the 523 victims and potential victims that were discovered during this month long investigation in Scotland, 122 have been referred to child protection services. However, the effects of such abuse and trauma can ruin the lives of those who become victim to it. The impact of abuse can be devastating and long-lasting and without counselling and support these young people, will suffer all their lives.
A call for action
In the words of an officer involved in the investigations in Scotland, “Sexual abuse is a national threat and it’s happening now.” Figures like the ones detailed above demand action nationwide. We can no longer brush these statistics under the carpet or express our horror before carrying on with our daily lives. Action needs to be taken to protect our children.
Safeline work with young people to protect them against the abuse and exploitation that they might experience through their encounters online or in person. Our projects teach them to keep safe online and what to do in situations where that safety is compromised. We help children who have already suffered abuse and rape work through their trauma in an attempt to help them recover and lead a happy life into and throughout adulthood and fulfil their potential.
Safeline are passionate about keeping young people safe and we need all the help we can get in supporting our mission. That includes support from the police and those figures in authority who have the power to stop abuse.
Shocking statistics were brought to light in these investigations but unfortunately these findings are only the tip of the iceberg. This begs the question, are similar investigations being carried out everywhere else in the UK to tackle sexual abuse and rape head on? Such investigations should be undertaken throughout the rest of the UK to tackle sexual abuse and rape head on. Young people should be able to trust adults, seek support from them and feel safe in the knowledge that we are taking steps to prevent this sort of activity.
How is this problem being addressed nationally? Glasgow has clearly taken the lead on this issue but should every other force be doing something similar? Is there a lack of resources or a lack of willingness?
With this knowledge and understanding of the severity of child sexual abuse and rape, it is now our duty to show young people that this behaviour is not the norm and it can be stopped but who will take the lead in this mission against child abuse? Whose responsibility is it? The government’s? The police force? Why has this behaviour been allowed to go on for so long? It’s time to start asking these questions and demanding answers for the sake of the protection of our young people.
We want to know what your thoughts on this are. Send us your comments via Twitter, Facebook or email. | <urn:uuid:f561ba38-3e52-498c-a6e2-7719a7666e16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://safeline.org.uk/a-month-long-police-investigation-brings-to-light-the-extent-of-child-sex-abuse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.972556 | 804 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Bacteria containing and actively expressing the injectisome system are pathogenic, meaning that they can make you sick. The system allows all kinds of different bacteria to shuttle disease-triggering proteins through the surface of our body and into our cells, which obviously makes you ill. The illness can vary somewhat from bacteria to bacteria, but the species that donated the injectisome-part we used - enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) - triggers diarrhea in humans, most prevalent in children (1).
The injectisome (Type III secretion system) is a needle-like, protein structure used by some pathogenic bacteria (in our case E. coli) to inject effector proteins into other cells, for example in our gut, to make the environment more habitable for pathogenesis. For example, Injectisome-producing E. coli uses the injectisome to attach itself to the intestinal cells and inject these effector proteins into them to make them favorable for colonization (1).
The injectisome´s structure is quite complex but functionally can be easily understood. A good analogy would be to describe it as a syringe - a molecular syringe that is! The injectisome uses proteins which are called translocons which spontanously assemble in lipid membranes, here they form docking sites for the injectisome. When attaching at these docking sites the load of the syringe or the injectisome rather, is injected. The load being signal-tagged proteins (2).
Injectifacts: -The Injectisome translocates more than 25 effector proteins, which make the infected cell habitable -The EPEC injectisome in our strain is one of the biggest injectisome reaching up to 700 nm -The SIEC strain we used can have a diameter of 0.68-1.0µm, which is about 70 times smaller than the thickness of your hair (3)
We expressed the chaperones CesF and CesT in our bacteria E. coli K-12, which are proteins that facilitate effector protein secretion in E. coli type-III secretion system. The chaperones are essential for facilitating the unfolding of the target protein before it is secreted through the injectisome and across the membrane (2).
In order for the naturally occurring pathogenic E.coli strain, to translocate proteins through the injectisome, a signal sequence peptide is needed. The signal ensures secretion of specific proteins. This signal we can highjack and fuse to our own proteins of interest, for a designed secretion.
A better version
As such, the effects of that bacteria are unpleasant to say the least, and it's very much a must to to ensure the bacteria used for our applications is non-pathogenic. For our applications we are hijacking these natural systems of the bacteria and use them for purposes desirable to us.
In order to ensure this, we acquired a bacterial strain with the help of Luis Ángel Fernández Herrero (PhD, Principal Investigator, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB) Madrid, Spain), that expressed the EPEC injectisome in the non-pathogenic E. coli K-12 chassis.
This means that the useful injectisome has been separated from the disease-causing parts of the bacteria and is now functional in a non-pathogenic bacteria instead. This new and improved - for our purposes at least - EPEC bacteria was dubbed Synthetic injector E. coli (SIEC) (2)
The new SIEC bacteria has the advantages of having the injectisome system, but is not capable of making the natural disease-causing effector-proteins alongside it. This strain is therefore way more suitable for our application of producing pure proteins which you read about here!
(1) Ochoa, T. J., Barletta, F., Contreras, C., & Mercado, E. (2008). New insights into the epidemiology of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 102(9), 852–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.017https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2575077/
(2) Ruano-Gallego, D., Álvarez, B., & Fernández, L. Á. (2015). Engineering the Controlled Assembly of Filamentous Injectisomes in E. coli K-12 for Protein Translocation into Mammalian Cells. ACS Synthetic Biology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.5b00080
(3) Zaritsky A, Woldringh CL. Chromosome replication rate and cell shape in Escherichia coli: lack of coupling. J Bacteriol. 1978 Aug135(2):581-7PubMed ID355235 | <urn:uuid:58fb3c48-7f49-406f-b954-b48783c7040f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://2018.igem.org/Team:UCopenhagen/Background | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.876343 | 1,063 | 3.484375 | 3 |
It’s safe to say that for many people Sciatica can be very problematic and also quite demanding. The term sciatica describes the symptoms of leg pain—and possibly tingling, numbness, or weakness—that originate in the lower back and travel through the buttock and down the large sciatic nerve in the back of each leg. The sciatic nerve is one of the most critical nerves in human body and runs from your back, through the buttocks and into the legs. It is also the single longest nerve found in the human body and provides a connection for the nervous system to the entirety of the leg muscles and the foot. It grows out of the spinal fibers and contains mixed tissues from the lumbosacral plexus. Sciatica is a painful ailment that occurs when the sciatic nerve is abnormally compressed or irritated. It can be very tricky to figure out what leads to Sciatica so here are some things to take into consideration.
Typical Symptoms of Sciatica
- Sciatica can potentially generate pain at any point of the nerve path.
- Painful sensations can develop all along a path starting at the lower back into the buttocks, through the leg and into to the soles of the feet.
- Pain associated with the compression of the sciatic nerve can be described as electrical with a pronounced tendency to cause an intense burning sensation that increases over time.
- Sciatica is known to cause a marked weakness or numbness in the affected area.
- Sciatica can make it difficult to stand up or move around.
The most common symptom of sciatic nerve compression is a pain that travels from your lower back to the legs, predominantly the backside. This pain can vary in intensity from a dull ache to a severe, sharp pain. However, this will not happen in both sides all the time. You can also feel some pain that comes from the buttock and the lower back and which continues to expand right along the sciatic nerve, a very challenging and problematic thing to deal with.
Another common symptom is pain when walking or lying down. This pain typically gets worse when sitting or standing. Searing, sharp pains can be problematic. Shooting or severe pain in one leg can be challenging, and it’s also a Sciatica symptom too.
While not all people feel this, it seems that hip pain can also be one of the signs. Again, this is very hard to identify, so it can be a bit problematic in this regard. A burning or tingling sensation down the leg can also show that you have Sciatica.
In case you feel a difficulty when it comes to moving your leg or numbness, then you need to do that right away. Lastly, some of the symptoms include pain in the rear side of your body and a variety of other pain types.
How can you tell if your pain is sciatica?
Sciatica pain is asymmetrical, meaning it rarely affects both sides of the body at the same time. The specific spot of the sciatic nerve being compressed will determine to a significant degree the type and intensity of pain you will feel. Most people with sciatica live with daily pain which over time can significantly impact their overall quality of life. Sciatica can potentially transform your daily chores into insurmountable obstacles. Sciatica pain can clear on its own but more often than not, if left untreated, worsens over time. Therefore it is crucial that we learn to differentiate Sciatic nerve pain from other types of back pain.
Visit Anthem Chiropractic and ask for a sciatic checkup if:
- You experience pain that runs down from the back or buttocks into your legs and feet.
- You experience pain accompanied by numbness or tingling in your extremities.
- You experience severe pain down the back of only one leg.
Things To Keep In Mind
As you might have seen from the symptoms list above, sciatica does end up affecting only a single side of your lower body. Pain can end up extending from the lower back and it can go towards the back of the thigh and expand down to your legs.
It depends where the sciatic nerve is affected, but that pain can also extend to the toes or feet too. In case you feel that your extremities are weak, you need immediate help and medical attention. But proper prevention and constant support from a medical professional will help you go through this. Sciatica can be caused by muscle spasms, spondylolisthesis, degenerative disc disease and other factors.
Thankfully sciatica belongs to the category of conditions that although hard to accurately diagnose are quite easily treatable. For some patients, symptoms disappear over time without any specific measures. To find out the best path of treatment for your Sciatica, contact Anthem Chiropractic today! | <urn:uuid:dc061ca5-850a-4d93-ae91-6f113c681cbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drderekday.com/do-you-have-sciatica-symptoms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.949511 | 1,005 | 2.84375 | 3 |
John Whitehead's Commentary
Virtual School Dangers: The Hazards of a Police State Education During COVID-19 [SHORT]
Over the course of the past 30 years, the need to keep the schools “safe” from drugs and weapons has become a thinly disguised, profit-driven campaign to transform them into quasi-prisons, complete with surveillance cameras, metal detectors, police patrols, zero tolerance policies, lock downs, drug sniffing dogs, school resource officers, strip searches, and active shooter drills.
Suddenly, under school zero tolerance policies, students were being punished with suspension, expulsion, and even arrest for childish behavior and minor transgressions such as playing cops and robbers on the playground, bringing LEGOs to school, or having a food fight.
Things got even worse once schools started to rely on police to “deal with minor rule breaking.” As a result, students are being subjected to police tactics such as handcuffs, leg shackles, tasers and excessive force for “acting up,” in addition to being ticketed, fined and sent to court for behavior perceived as defiant, disruptive or disorderly such as spraying perfume and writing on a desk.
This is what constitutes a police state education these days: lessons in compliance meted out with aggressive, totalitarian tactics.
The COVID-19 pandemic has added yet another troubling layer to the ways in which students (and their families) can run afoul of a police state education now that school (virtual or in-person) is back in session.
Apart from the technological logistics of ensuring that millions of students across the country have adequate computer and internet access, consider the Fourth Amendment ramifications of having students attend school online via video classes from the privacy of their homes.
Suddenly, you’ve got government officials (in this case, teachers or anyone at the school on the other end of that virtual connection) being allowed carte blanche visual access to the inside of one’s private home without a warrant.
Anything those school officials see—anything they hear—anything they photograph or record—during that virtual visit becomes fair game for scrutiny and investigation not just by school officials but by every interconnected government agency to which that information can be relayed: the police, social services, animal control, the Department of Homeland Security, you name it.
After all, this is the age of overcriminalization, when the federal criminal code is so vast that the average American unknowingly commits about three federal felonies per day, a U.S. Attorney can find a way to charge just about anyone with violating federal law.
It’s a train wreck just waiting to happen.
In fact, we’re already seeing this play out across the country. For instance, police carried out a welfare check on a 12-year-old Colorado boy, who was then suspended for flashing a toy gun across his computer screen during an online art class.
An 11-year-old Maryland boy had police descend on his home in search of weapons after school officials spied a BB gun on the boy’s bedroom wall during a Google Meet class on his laptop.
And in New York and Massachusetts, growing numbers of parents are being visited by social services after being reported to the state child neglect and abuse hotline, all because their kids failed to sign in for some of their online classes.
You see what this is, don’t you?
This is how a seemingly well-meaning program (virtual classrooms) becomes another means by which the government can intrude into our private lives, further normalizing the idea of constant surveillance and desensitizing us to the dangers of an existence in which we are never safe from the all-seeing eyes of Big Brother.
This is how the police sidestep the Fourth Amendment’s requirement for probable cause and a court-issued warrant in order to spy us on in the privacy of our homes: by putting school officials in a position to serve as spies and snitches via online portals and virtual classrooms, and by establishing open virtual doorways into our homes through which the police can enter uninvited and poke around.
It’s only a matter of time before the self-righteous Nanny State uses this COVID-19 pandemic as yet another means by which it can dictate every aspect of our lives.
At the moment, it’s America’s young people who are the guinea pigs for the police state’s experiment in virtual authoritarianism. Already, school administrators are wrestling with how to handle student discipline for in-person classes and online learning in the midst of COVID-19.
Mark my words, this will take school zero tolerance policies—and their associated harsh disciplinary penalties—to a whole new level once you have teachers empowered to act as the Thought Police.
If you think the schools won’t overreact in a virtual forum, you should think again.
These are the same schools that have been plagued by a lack of common sense when it comes to enforcing zero tolerance policies for weapons, violence and drugs.
For instance, several kindergartners were suspended from school for three days for playing a make-believe game of "cops and robbers" during recess and using their fingers as guns. Students have also been penalized for such inane "crimes" as bringing nail clippers to school, using Listerine or Scope, and carrying fold-out combs that resemble switchblades. A 13-year-old boy in Manassas, Virginia, who accepted a Certs breath mint from a classmate, was actually suspended and required to attend drug-awareness classes, while a 12-year-old boy who said he brought powdered sugar to school for a science project was charged with a felony for possessing a look-alike drug.
These police state tactics did not made the schools any safer.
As I point out in my book Battlefield America: The War on the American People, police state tactics never make anyone safer so much as they present the illusion of safety and indoctrinate the populace to comply, fear and march in lockstep with the government’s dictates.
Now with virtual learning in the midst of this COVID-19 pandemic, the stakes are even higher.
It won’t be long before you start to see police carrying out knock-and-talk investigations based on whatever speculative information is gleaned from those daily virtual classroom sessions that allow government officials entry to your homes in violation of the Fourth Amendment.
It won’t take much at all for SWAT teams to start crashing through doors based on erroneous assumptions about whatever mistaken “contraband” someone may have glimpsed in the background of a virtual classroom session: a maple leaf that looks like marijuana, a jar of sugar that looks like cocaine, a toy gun, someone playfully shouting for help in the distance.
This may sound far-fetched now, but it’s only a matter of time before this slippery slope becomes yet another mile marker on the one-way road to tyranny. | <urn:uuid:e5925bc9-3536-4392-969d-d50dbe2b006d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/john_whiteheads_commentary/virtual_school_dangers_the_hazards_of_a_police_state_education_during_covid_19_short | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.96088 | 1,458 | 2.15625 | 2 |
In bipolar disorder, also called bipolarity, manic depression, or manic-depressive psychosis, mood swings are disproportionate in intensity and duration. The phases of excitement and depression that characterize them vary from one person to another
Is it normal to have ups and downs?
The changes of mood cannot always be explained by the influence of external factors in affective and professional life. Mood may vary for other less easily identifiable reasons, such as day length or hormonal changes. These fluctuations sometimes recur regularly, as is the case for the winter depression.
Some people are more prone to these cyclic mood swings, also called cyclothymia. They experience a more or less regular alternation of periods of happiness and sadness, without this phenomenon preventing them from living normally. As long as it remains bearable, cyclothymia is not a real disease.
What is bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic-depressive psychosis, is characterized by mood swings disproportionate in duration and intensity.. Cheerfulness becomes exaggerated euphoria, sadness are expressed by a depression deep.
The behavioral disorders that accompany these phases profoundly disorganize the life of the person affected and deteriorate their family and professional relationships. The bipolar disorders is a disease that can be serious and requires long-term treatment.
Bipolar disorder symptoms
The symptoms of the bipolar disorders are cycles in which phases of excitement, also called mania, and depression. These cycles are often linked by periods when the mood is normal. They have an intensity, duration, and frequency that varies from person to person.
The alternation of symptoms can be impressive, between hyperactivity, aggressiveness, lack of inhibition, then sadness, overwhelm and total demotivation.
Depending on the symptoms, it is sometimes referred to as bipolar disorder type 1 and type 2. . The bipolar disorder type 1 is characterized by one or more manic or mixed episodes with or without major depressive episodes. The bipolar disorder type 2 associates at least one major depressive episode with hypomania.
What are excitement phases or manic phases?
A person in the manic phase is abnormally euphoric, energetic, hyperactive or aggressive. She is elated and conceives an unreasonable confidence in herself. She no longer has any inhibitions, does or says what goes through her mind, without worrying about the consequences of her actions and her words.
She has a very high opinion of herself and does not support any criticism. She is irritable and loses her temper.
His thought is accelerated. She talks a lot, follows several ideas at once, willingly jumps from cock to a donkey. She teems with often incongruous projects, moves constantly, never feels tired. She may forget to eat for several days and sleeps little. His se**xual urges are heightened. This state can last several days or even several weeks.
People Are Also Looking For:
Some patients appreciate these manic episodes during which they feel invincible and think that nothing and no one can resist them. Some of them turn out to be very successful professionally or very creative, during a manic phase.
But mania mostly has negative consequences. The person can act in a reckless way and cause real upheavals in his life (quitting his job or incurring reckless expenses, for example). Sometimes people suffering from bipolar disorders end up in trouble with the law for crimes committed during manic phases.
|What is hypomania?|
|Hypomania is an attenuated form of a manic state. The person is very energetic, behaves impulsively or recklessly, frequent quarrels with those around him. Her condition is pleasant to her and she denies being ill all the more easily as her troubles do not disturb her daily life too much. Hypomania is often an early sign of bipolar disorder.|
What are depressive phases?
When the depressive phase sets in, discouragement set in within a few days or weeks. The higher the manic phase, the more depression will be deep. From hyperactive, the person becomes indifferent to everything, downcast.
The symptoms are those of a severe depression, such as sadness, overwhelm, slowing of thought and movement, constant fatigue, demotivation, sleep and appetite disorders. These manifestations last two to three times longer than the manic phases, often for several weeks to several months. Sui**cidal thoughts are common.
Sui**cide is wrongly considered, by the patient, as the only way to free himself from his illness and no longer subject those around him to it.
What are mixed phases?
In some patients, there are so-called mixed phases. During these periods, the person simultaneously presents with symptoms of mania and depression: hustle, sleeping troubles and appetite, sui**cidal thoughts, etc. Mixed phases are sometimes observed between the end of a manic attack and the beginning of a depressive episode.
What is the cycle frequency?
A cycle consists of a manic phase, a depressive phase and possibly the normal phase which separates them. The length of a cycle is highly variable, ranging from a few hours to a year or more.
The frequency of the cycles is also very variable. Most untreated sufferers go through eight to ten manic-depressive cycles in their lifetime, but others will go through several cycles in a year.
The disease is said to be rapid-cycling when the person develops more than four cycles in a year. Treatments and living conditions influence the frequency of repeat cycles. A patient who is well cared for and surrounded will be more likely to see the cycles become less frequent.
How does bipolar disorder develop?
When the background treatment by the regulators of the mood is effective, the intensity and frequency of manic-depressive cycles decrease significantly, allowing the person to return to a normal life.
After several months of treatment, the cycles may become less frequent until they disappear completely. For this reason, all people suffering from bipolar disorders should be dealt with.
Without treatment, the cycles continue and their frequency may increase. The intensity of the manic and depressive phases may also worsen. In some cases, sick people develop symptoms of psychosis, hallucinations and delirium, insistently defending false and illogical beliefs despite evidence to the contrary.
The complications of bipolar disorders are many. Without treatment, an estimated 25% of people with bipolar disorder make one or more sui**cide attempts. The risks of alco**holism and drug addiction are significant and the associated behavioral problems can have serious consequences, including divorce, dismissal or imprisonment.
Last Updated on July 31, 2022 Reviewed by Market Health Beauty Team | <urn:uuid:d98cc40a-3920-45a5-8b75-cd24ed08242b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://markethealthbeauty.com/bipolar-disorder/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.961314 | 1,352 | 3.046875 | 3 |
MicroLoan Foundation teams with Chiswick Community School for ‘Pennies for Life’ Guinness World Record Attempt; Local Volunteers Needed.
CHISWICK, LONDON, UK 5th May 2011 – MicroLoan Foundation, the Chiswick-based charity providing small loans and guidance to women in sub-Saharan Africa, will be holding the ‘Pennies for Life’ Guinness World Record attempt for the longest line of pennies at Chiswick Community School on the 9th and 10th July 2011. In order to break the record, MicroLoan Foundation needs more than 1000 volunteers to lay more than 50 miles of pennies across the grounds of the school – the equivalent of driving from Chiswick to Oxford.
The ‘Pennies for Life’ campaign aims to get the people of West London into the history books by collecting more than 4 million pennies and laying them in a line. MicroLoan Foundation and Chiswick Community School are calling on anyone who wants to make big changes to society – from teachers and students to local businesses – to come to the school grounds in Chiswick to participate in the World Record attempt and enjoy a great family day out.
“We are delighted to be involved in this ambitious attempt to create a Guinness World Record whilst at the same time raising money for a very worthy cause and placing the school where it belongs; at the very heart of the local community,” said Tony Ryan, Headmaster, Chiswick Community School. “Each form group has been given a target of raising £25.00 and students are being encouraged to give their time as well as money.”
MicroLoan Foundation aims to raise around £100,000 from ‘Pennies for Life’, which will be enough to provide loans to 130,000 women and indirectly help an estimated 660,000 people in sub-Saharan Africa. Since the founding of the charity in 2002, the charity has made over 110,000 loans and offered training and support to women in poor rural Africa to enable them to start and develop small businesses, such as clothes and grocery stalls or small holdings.
“The ‘Pennies for Life’ Guinness World Record attempt needs to be a real community effort and we urge all our local West Londoners to join us at Chiswick Community School on 9th and 10th July,” explained Peter Ryan, CEO, MicroLoan Foundation. “It promises to be an action-packed fun day out for all the family, with an international food fair, children’s activities, raffles, live entertainment and a host of surprise celebrities!”
The ‘Pennies for Life’ event will be located on the grounds of Chiswick Community School which is situated on Burlington Lane, Chiswick. Limited parking is available. Attendees are urged to use public transport: Chiswick Station is 5 minutes walk and the E3 bus stop is directly outside school. | <urn:uuid:f38fb7f0-d539-45da-8e81-c1a24b572528> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://microloanfoundationusa.org/chiswick-charity-needs-west-londons-pennies-to-break-guinness-world-record/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.950009 | 613 | 1.507813 | 2 |
18 Interesting and Weird Life Facts
A person’s level of education influences the age at which they marry. Couples tend to marry later in states with higher numbers of college-educated adults, while the opposite is true for states with lower education levels.
Throughout most of history, marriage was not necessarily based on mutual love, but an institution devoted to acquiring in-laws and property and to provide the family additional labor forces (by having children).
While couples with children are less likely to divorce than childless couples, the arrival of a new baby is more likely to bring more stress and emotional distance than new happiness. Nearly 90% of couples experienced decrease in martial satisfaction after the birth of their first child.
Compared to singles, married people accumulate about four times more savings and assets. Those who divorced had assets 77% lower than singles.
In conversation, people lie roughly 3 times every 10 minutes.
Tidsoptimist is a Swedish word for someone who thinks they have more time than they actually do.
You’re probably going to throw away 81 pounds of clothing this year. And 95 percent of it could be reused or recycled.
About 10% of pimps accept credit or debit cards.
The average person spends 90,000 hours at work over their lifetime.
A 2013 study found that men who prefer large breasts are less financially secure.
Papua New Guinea is the world’s most expensive place to take a shower, with the cost of a typical 8-minute rinse approaching US$3.50. That’s 70% of an average person’s daily income.
Home-brewed liquor, or moonshine, accounts for almost 30% of the world’s alcohol drinking.
The middle finger has been used as a derogatory gesture for at least 2400 years.
The first European who learned to smoke from the natives was arrested back home because people thought he was possessed by the devil.
Sleeping on your stomach is the most likely position to produce erotic dreams. | <urn:uuid:95e726f9-88d7-455d-8daf-2c9d98473eff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://brainyfacts.net/interesting-and-weird-life-facts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.965068 | 416 | 2.125 | 2 |
Why is it that people that use Sweden as a bad example use the wrong information?! Noone is stopped from IVA, at least not anyone who would be admitted to IVA outside of a pandemic (a sick and fragile 85+ person might at any time be considered too fragile for IVA, intensive care is tough). 20% available IVA have been maintained due to increase and reallocation of resources.
Swedens main issue is that the hard pressed and partly privatised elder care have been infected in too high numbers, please make an issue out of that instead! And I also want to point out that the Swedish governments strategy have been the same all along, flatten the curve to let healthcare cope (and it has so far) and protect the risk groups.
It would be interesting for those not wanting to touch the concept of herd immunity how they intend to handle this. If not immunity is achieved that way, how long do you suggest that measures can be maintained until a functional and tested vaccine is available? | <urn:uuid:af819344-bc06-43eb-a885-991cdb5ca5fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jackelliot.over-blog.com/2020/04/sweden-herd-immunity.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.970233 | 208 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Like a million other busy moms, I’ve spent countless hours playing chaperone to my kids so they can play tennis. One day while sitting in the sun watching my daughters’ matches, I heard the phrase “are you sure?” being echoed from court to court. It occurred to me that “are you sure?” is one of the most commonly used phrases in tennis…as a semi-polite way of responding to a questionable line call.
And so, the “are you sure?” idea was born.
One of the best aspects of tennis is the honor system in place for line calls. However, players often seem to follow the adage “when in doubt, call it out,” especially while on the run, out of position, out of breath and out of luck. While I have never heard anyone answer the question with a “no,” it seems the phrase serves its purpose: to make the opponent think twice before the next “unsure” line call.
I consider the “are you sure?” idea fundamental to tennis, whether on the junior level where kids have to referee their own matches and make quick decisions regarding line calls or on the professional level where a questionable call is often challenged and reviewed by the “Hawk Eye” or similar device. | <urn:uuid:98ce8b94-c09e-4f3f-9406-24ca1515886e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://areyousure.net/about-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.965736 | 281 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Think of the successful leaders you know. They probably have one trait in common – the ability to communicate effectively.
This FREE six-week Youth Leadership Program, sponsored and conducted by members of the Conackamack Toastmasters, will be held Tuesday evenings from September 30th through November 4that the Main Library. Young Adults ages, 13 – 18 are eligible to participate.
This program provides an emphasis on specialized speaking and leadership skills. (For more information please visit the YA Calendar.) Space is limited, and registration is required. All interested young adults must contact the program coordinator Sheila Mason at [email protected] to register for the program. | <urn:uuid:a8123051-49f5-4b98-b3e5-c19c6181cb30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.franklintwp.org/2014/09/25/toastmasters-youth-leadership-program-at-ftpl/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.943084 | 135 | 1.5 | 2 |
Horizon 2020 project
May 2017 – April 2021
NewHoRRIzon aims at integrating Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI, an umbrella-term aiming at involving society in science and innovation) into national and international levels. It targets in particular the current research framework programme Horizon 2020 and future multiannual programmes e.g. FP9.
To do so, NewHoRRIzon will create 18 Social Labs that cover all sections of H2020. This cutting-edge methodology provides a socially based, experimental, and systematic approach to solve complex problems. The strength of the approach consists in its ability to bring together different actors, their knowledge, and expertise. The Social Labs will also allow the creation of storylines and narratives to promote RRI.
The project will also conceptualise and operationalise a Societal Readiness Level (SRL) for research and innovation by focusing on socio-economic and socio-technical potentials of RRI and implementation of these aspects. Another NewHoRRIzon’s objective is to form an RRI stakeholder network including research and innovation funding agencies in Europe.
EuroScience is part of the project’s communication and dissemination Work Package (WP9), working more particularly on the production of dissemination materials both in general terms on RRI as well as the project NewHoRRIzon itself. It is also in charge of the development of the project website, social media management and creation of a story pool.
More terminated Projects
Europe wants to promote not only excellent but also socially desirable science and technology: it is vital to align the objectives of research and innovation processes with the needs and values of the societies that support them. This is the core of the ambitious initiative of the European Commission on Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) as a cross-cutting issue in Horizon 2020, the current Framework Programme for Research and Innovation. With this aim in mind, a Responsible Research and Innovation Toolkit has been produced by the EC-funded three-year project RRI Tools (2014-2016). Browse through the tools and upload your own resources here: www.rri-tools.eu.
This ambitious, four year (2011-2014), EU funded Mobilisation and Mutual Learning Action Plan (MML) actively encouraged more universities, science institutions and organisations to develop programmes for engagement with children and young people. Our work focused on young people currently unlikely to progress to higher education, and the changes in culture required to develop these at delivery, strategic and governance levels. | <urn:uuid:63f5b746-6028-42c6-84a4-ced98e819741> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.euroscience.org/eu-projects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.914262 | 516 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Brake Fluid & Copper Testing
Brake fluid is the life’s blood of the braking system. Just like engine oil, coolant and transmission fluid, brake fluid wears over time. This leaves the brake system unprotected and vulnerable to corrosion. Brake system corrosion can lead to: ABS damage, brake system failure and longer stopping distance.
New technology was necessary to accurately determine brake fluid condition to protect the system from damaging corrosion. In 1999, Phoenix Systems invented and patented a new technology using copper to identify when brake fluid replacement is required. BrakeStrip with copper testing technology quickly identifies the primary problem with brake fluid.
- You can’t determine brake fluid condition by moisture, color, time or vehicle mileage
- BrakeStrip determines when brake fluid replacement is required
- BrakeStrip uses MAP guidelines for brake fluid test results
- BrakeStrip is a copper test, not a moisture test
Copper Is a Big Problem and a Tell-Tale Indicator
Brake lines have a copper lining that begin a slow corrosion process from the time brake fluid is added during manufacturing. Copper levels can actually predict when more damaging corrosion will occur. It’s like a wear indicator for your brake fluid. Copper plays a vital role in brake system safety.
Government studies have proven that copper can actually plate to ABS components causing them not to operate properly resulting in longer stopping distance. In addition, copper can accelerate the corrosion of iron components used in the brake system.
- Brake lines are lined with copper.
- Copper predicts more damaging corrosion, it’s a wear indicator!
- Copper can damage ABS components.
- Copper accelerates corrosion.
- Proper brake fluid exchange removes copper and replenishes the corrosion inhibitors.
How It Works
The technology is complex, but the test is simple. Simply dip BrakeStrip into the brake fluid for one second and the color reaction begins. The reaction zone on the strip will change from white to purple in proportion to the copper level in the brake fluid. Simply match the strip color to the color scale and replace brake fluid at 200 ppm or higher. This provides proof that brake fluid replacement is required. | <urn:uuid:5092583b-31f9-4878-9138-a6a56d38dc41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.brakebleeder.com/solutions/brake-fluid-testing/brake-fluid-101-copper-testing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.871094 | 459 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Synopsis by Hal Erickson
Black Like Me is the true story of white journalist John Howard Griffin, who "became" a Negro in the late 1950s. Feeling that the best way to understand what it was like to be black in a segregated south was to experience the feeling first-hand, Griffin (James Whitmore) undergoes extensive-and sometimes painful-skin pigmentation treatments. Though he tends to look more like Al Jolson or Eddie Cantor rather than African American, Whitmore does a creditable job playing a proud man forced into subservience by an unfeeling white society. Unfortunately, the film falls prey to stylistic affectations, notably an overabundance of confusing flashbacks. Though dating and occasionally patronizing, Black Like Me is still a worthwhile effort.
Black [race], cross-cultural-relations, discrimination, inequality, injustice, journalism, prejudice, race/ethnicity, racism | <urn:uuid:50c5dc09-236e-400d-9383-c52446be0fa7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.allmovie.com/movie/black-like-me-v5893 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.925087 | 199 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Vladimir Putin has written a major article for the German newspaper Die Zeit, marking the 80th anniversary of the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union, in which he made a warning about the deteriorating security situation in Europe.
"The whole system of European security has now degraded significantly. Tensions are rising and the risks of a new arms race are becoming real. We are missing out on the tremendous opportunities that cooperation offers – all the more important now that we are all facing common challenges, such as the pandemic and its dire social and economic consequences", Putin said in his article "Being Open, Despite the Past".
He said that Russia opted for beneficial relations with the EU, believing it is possible to build Europe in accordance with Charles de Gaulle's idea - "from the Atlantic to the Urals", or even "from Lisbon to Vladivostok".
However, the European Union decided to go in a different direction, which resulted in the ascension of Germany to NATO, this "relic of the Cold War" and the subsequent expansion of the bloc into Eastern Europe.
"Since 1999, five more waves of NATO expansion have followed. The organisation granted membership to 14 new countries, including several republics of the former Soviet Union, which effectively buried hopes of creating a continent without dividing lines", Putin explained.
The president noted that this policy had forced many countries to make an unnatural choice between Russia and the West.
"The Ukrainian tragedy of 2014 is an example of the consequences that this aggressive policy has led to. Europe actively supported the unconstitutional armed coup in Ukraine. This was where it all started. Why was it necessary to do this? Then incumbent [Ukrainian] president [Viktor] Yanukovych had already accepted all the demands of the opposition. Why did the USA organise the coup and the European countries weak-heartedly support it, provoking a split within Ukraine and the withdrawal of Crimea?", Putin said.
According to Putin, Moscow is ready to restore partnership with Europe, since there are many topics of mutual interest.
"I reiterate that Russia is in favour of restoring a comprehensive partnership with Europe. We have many topics of mutual interest. These include security and strategic stability, healthcare and education, digitalisation, energy, culture, science and technology, and the resolution of climate and environmental issues", he added.
The article by the Russian president was released days after his summit with US counterpart Joe Biden in Geneva.
According to a note posted by the Kremlin, the US and Russia "have demonstrated that, even in periods of tension, they are able to make progress on our shared goals of ensuring predictability in the strategic sphere, reducing the risk of armed conflicts and the threat of nuclear war".
The summit marked an important point in the restoration of ties between Russia and the West, which have been gradually deteriorating since 2014 when a violent coup d'etat in Kiev resulted in a civil war in Ukraine.
The European Union blamed Russia for the escalation, introducing sanctions against Moscow, while Russia attempted to stop the war. Moscow stepped forward as a guarantor of the Minsk agreements - an accord stipulating a ceasefire between Kiev and the self-proclaimed republics that are seeking independence from Ukraine.
Yet, Kiev has failed to implement the agreement over the past several years, continuing its military campaign and also announcing plans to join NATO, despite the bloc saying Ukraine is not ready for ascension. | <urn:uuid:f3c4fb36-e831-432d-bf5a-8f84e53fd170> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sputniknews.com/20210622/putin-warns-of-degrading-european-security-system-growing-risk-of-new-arms-race-1083206086.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.963577 | 691 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Browsing Masteruppsatser / Institutionen för ekonomi och samhälle, avdelningen för kulturgeografi (2013-) by Subject "accessibility strategies"
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Accessibility strategies beyond private, motorized automobility – informing sustainability? A study of carless families with young children in Gothenburg (2017-08-16)In the face of major sustainability challenges posed by social exclusion and ecologic degradation there is a pressing need to change mobility practices as well as the physical structures that condition mobility. The ... | <urn:uuid:acfa552b-e78f-467c-b1f9-b76b92c4eb2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/31776/browse?type=subject&value=accessibility+strategies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.652224 | 131 | 1.515625 | 2 |
7AM - 7PM Monday - Friday +1.4435381247
The following are articles written by Jeffrey Crouch, LCSW-C
People who are anxious have the following symptoms: anxiety; nervousness; panic attacks; excessive worry; depression; fatigue; sleep problems; stomach problems and sweaty palms. Many people who suffer with anxiety worry about the future. They will think about what may happen in the future - often worrying that something bad will happen. The future maybe later that day or in a week, a month, or years. People who are anxious try to predict the future so as to prepare themselves for anything bad that might happen. They believe that if they think of all of the possibilities, they can feel safe. The problem with this thinking is that the person rarely feels safe, instead, they worry a lot and feel nervous.
Another thing that people who are anxious do is what I call the “what if game.” What if my car breaks down, what if I get sick, what if I lose my job, then I will lose my house and so on. People who are anxious tend to feel that everything is catastrophic – meaning seeing small problems as huge problems. For example, if a person’s boss is annoyed about something minor, the person thinks that he/she will be fired. Also, people who are anxious don’t see all of the times that things worked out for them in the past. They will tell themselves “that was luck” or “that doesn’t mean it will work out in the future.”
The good news is that people who are anxious can feel calmer and learn to think differently which will lead to feeling good. I provide therapy for people who have anxiety using cognitive behavioral therapy and other experiential therapies to overcome anxiety.
The “Blues” and Depression
Depression goes by many names – depression, the blues, sadness, and despair to name a few, but it all refers to the same thing – feeling hopeless, problems concentrating, suicidal thoughts, irritability, and loss of pleasure. A person who is depressed feels unmotivated to do just about anything.
What people call the “blues” are feelings of sadness and low energy that lasts only a short period – a couple of weeks. Usually, the “blues” have an identified source of stress such a relationship, job, or financial issues. Often times treatment for these stressors can be helpful for developing healthier ways for dealing with the source of grief or stress.
Therapy has been proven to be effective to treat depression. By understanding his/her feelings and setting attainable goals, a person can get back to feeling like him/herself again.
“Confusion” Related to Diagnosis of Bipolar vs. Depression
Many of the symptoms of bipolar and depression are similar. Both bipolar and depression can have the following symptoms: depressed mood; sleep problems; irritability; fatigue; difficulty with concentration; feeling hopeless; and others.
The main differences are that people with bi-polar have mood swings. Their mood changes from depressed to higher energy and euphoria that can occur daily for some people or weekly/monthly for others. People with bipolar usually will have manic periods with the following symptoms: euphoria; thinking which is faster than normal; need for less sleep; risky behavior such as sexual acting-out, and more anger episodes.
Sometimes the changes in mood are milder. The person will have days or weeks of feeling mildly/moderately depressed followed by days or weeks feeling better or happier. The difference is that with bi-polar there are usually more mood changes and there are higher energy moods than with depression.
Therapy for depression or bi-polar is equally important. People with bipolar need to learn to identify changes in mood and ways to feel centered during changes in mood. People who have bi-polar will also benefit from medication to help stabilize their moods.
People with depression will benefit from either changing their negative thoughts (cognitive therapy) and/or working through issues from the past. Both bipolar and depression can be treated effectively and usually, a person can start to feel better in a few weeks.
Treatment for Depression Caused by Life Stressors
Life stressors can cause depression and/or anxiety. Life stressors include relationship problems, job problems; health issues; problems with children, death of a family member or friend; financial stress; and many others.
In many cases, therapy can be helpful for developing healthier ways for dealing with stressors. Usually, in only a few sessions you can feel better and more like your true self.
Adolescent Depression and Psychotherapy
Parents often tell me that their teenager stays in his room a lot; she is more angry and irritable, and he doesn’t talk to me anymore. These behaviors are usually normal but can be signs of depression.
As we all know, our teen behavior changes a lot from ages 11 through 17. Teens are separating from us emotionally and physically. Adolescents are working to develop their identities and are testing out who they are and who they are not. Teenagers’ feelings are often confusing and overwhelming to them. There are a lot of pressures from society and peers to be or act a certain way to be accepted and liked. We as parents sometimes don’t understand our teen’s feelings and needs which upsets them. Parents can get so focused on grades that we forget to talk about their feelings and interests.
Teen depression is very common due to “separating’ from parents and other pressures. Some symptoms of teen depression include isolation from others; anger; grades dropping; not participating in their favorite activities; spending less time with friends; often appearing sad, and arguing more often. Sometimes a teen will say “I wish I was dead.” No matter what the reason is for saying this, it is important to take it seriously and seek help immediately. Because teenagers have such strong feelings and can be impulsive, suicide is a real risk.
Most teenagers who are depressed can benefit from talking to an adult outside their family. Adolescents who attend therapy often feel better in a short period of time. They can identify their feelings and learn ways to experience them in positive ways.
I have 32 years of experience helping teens who have a wide variety of problems including depression; anxiety; school problems; autism; behavior problems; substance abuse; ADHD and parent-child relationship issues. Please give us a call to discuss your needs.
Adult Children of Alcoholics
There are many types of alcoholic parents including: the angry alcoholic who yells and sometimes throws things and hits; the controlling alcoholic who is demanding and controls the family’s activities and feelings; the withdrawn disturbed alcoholic who does not interact much and is passive; the alcoholic who is passive-aggressive; the alcoholic who creates chaos in the house; and the alcoholic who is loving at times and angry and/or withdrawn at other times.
Children who grow up with an alcoholic parent have to adapt their feelings and reactions to survive in an attempt to feel safe and loved. Most children in this situation have to hide and deny their feelings due to the fear of being hurt or abandoned. These children grow up confused about what they are feeling and wonder if what they are feeling is normal.
Some children take on family roles to cope with confusion and pain. Some children will try to take care of the family’s feelings and needs, others will overachieve and be the ‘perfect’ child, and others will act-out and get into trouble to take the attention off the parents.
Most children growing up with an alcoholic parent feel lost, alone, scared, sad, and angry. Some children will turn to the parent or grandparent who is not drinking to get their emotional needs met. Sometimes this can be a helpful bond that can safeguard the child’s feelings. At other times the non-alcoholic parent may be needy and the child has to emotionally care for him/her.
When the child becomes an adult, he/she may fear intimacy or become dependent on someone to meet their unmet emotional needs. In some cases, they will be attracted to someone who can’t meet their needs such as an alcoholic partner.
Some adult children of alcoholics will not understand or be aware of their feelings and what drives them to meet needs in unhealthy destructive ways. Some will be depressed and anxious and some will turn to drugs and/or alcohol to cope with their anxiety and depression.
Many adults will go on to have healthy happy lives. They express their feelings about their childhood and accept themselves.
It can often be important to go to therapy to explore your feelings about growing up with an alcoholic parent. Please feel free to call to discuss your needs and ask questions.
Holiday Feelings and Coping with Stress and Depression
The holidays are here and many people are looking forward to enjoying them. The holidays also can be stressful, hectic and for some people more depressing. The holidays can add a lot of emotional and financial pressure. We want to make our kids happy and meet family expectations, as well as our own expectations. We may worry about disappointing our families. It can be difficult to negotiate where to spend the holidays. Our parents can put pressure on us to spend the holidays with them.
The holidays can also trigger feelings from our childhood. For example, if our parents fought more or our dad drank more, or we did not get the things we wanted. These triggers can lead to anxiety, sadness or anger. They can lead to family conflict, either in our own family or with our parents/relatives. When we are ‘triggered’ it is important to ask ourselves where the feelings are coming from and to talk to someone about them.
Some of us may also suffer from seasonal depression which is partially related to less sunlight and feeling stuck inside. Sometimes with seasonal depression, it is important to go to a therapist to work it through.
It’s important during the holidays to set realistic expectations for ourselves and not plan to do too much. It is also important to set limits on how much we will do for others and how much time we will spend with our families. It is okay to say no to some family activities. It is essential to take care of our own needs like exercising and getting enough rest. Taking time for ourselves is vital to preventing anxiety and depression.
If you are feeling too anxious or depressed for more than a week, therapy will help bring you back to feeling happy.
The Benefits of Psychotherapy and Medication
Many people benefit from psychotherapy without needing medication while others do better with both psychotherapy and medication. Recent studies have clearly shown that for a patient taking medication, psychotherapy dramatically improves the person’s treatment outcome as compared to a person just taking medication alone. In other words, for a patient who needs medication, combining psychotherapy with medication provides for the best outcome in terms of how well a person feels and functions.
A person who is on medication to treat depression, anxiety, and/or bi-polar needs psychotherapy to learn ways to cope better and express his/her feelings and access their strengths. For example, a person who is depressed and taking medication may need therapy to change their negative thoughts and feelings to more positive, self-affirming thoughts and feelings. Another example is a person who takes medication for anxiety will benefit from psychotherapy to reduce his/her nervousness and/or excessive worrying. People who are diagnosed with bi-polar disorder not only need medication but psychotherapy to learn to minimize the effects of mood changes and improve and maintain the benefits of medication in their day to day functioning.
In short, the research on mental health issues clearly indicates that when a person is taking medication, psychotherapy is important to maximize the person’s overall progress.
What Parents Can Do When Children Experience or Hear About Violence
We are all grieving for the tragic deaths of the children and adults in Connecticut. As parents, we all worry about our children’s safety. We don’t expect our children to be victims of violence but the events of last week may lead us to question that assumption.
While working in a Baltimore City school, I provided therapy to many children who lost family members in violent ways. I ran an on-going grief group for the children. I remember one child who talked about holding her dying brother in her arms after he was shot. As we have seen, violence knows no bounds.
It’s difficult to know how to comfort our children and what they need after experiencing or hearing about violence. We feel helpless. How can we help them when we can’t understand it ourselves?
Young children from ages one through eight don’t have the cognitive ability to understand acts of violence. They experience fear, anxiety, and sadness that they usually can’t express verbally. They will express their feelings behaviorally in various ways including clinging to their parents, tantrums, and bedwetting. I advise parents to ‘reflect’ what their children say. For example, if a child says “I feel scared” the parent can say “You feel scared.” This way the child feels the parent understands his/her feelings. I also advise that parents answer any questions in simple ways. If a child asks if he/she will get hurt or killed, a parent can respond “You are worried about being hurt.” The parent can follow up by telling their child that they won’t be hurt. The parent can also say “We will protect you and keep you safe.” If a child asks “Will this happen at my school?” the parent should say that it will not happen and that they will keep their child safe.
If a child has experienced violence, it is important to validate their feelings, to reflect their feelings and tell them that we will protect them. I also advise parents of young children to sit on the floor with their children and engage in “pretend” play. All children express their feelings in pretend play. Allow your child to lead the play – just follow their lead. They will tell you what to pretend and what is important to them. Your job is to reflect what is happening in the play. If for example, your child is playing with figures and having them fight, you can reflect by saying, “Those guys are really fighting hard.” If your child tells you to pretend to be a good guy or a bad guy, do it. If you are being told to act in a different way, just follow what your child asks you to do. I advise parents to pretend play for 45 minutes twice a week. When children pretend play with their parents, their feelings are validated and they feel empowered. When children feel powerless, play helps them feel powerful.
Children from the ages of nine through 17 can usually understand some or most of what they have experienced or heard. They have strong feelings that need to be validated and understood. If a child has experienced violence, he/she may feel anxious, depressed and have flashbacks and nightmares. Some children will develop post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If a child experiences symptoms of depression or anxiety for more than a week or two, a parent should seek therapy for their child. If a child directly experiences or witnesses violence, I recommend parents get their child therapy.
If children are listened to and supported, they can work through their pain and fear and feel safe again. Don’t forget to reflect on what your children are saying. Also, remember to pretend play with your children a few times a week. If you struggle with this, I can teach you how to effectively pretend play with your child.
Most importantly, please keep hugging your children.
Autism, Violence, and Humanity
As we have all heard, the man who killed the children and adults in Connecticut is reported to have had Asperger’s Syndrome, a form of autism. Hopefully, we have also heard that people with autism are no more likely to engage in planned violence than anyone else. Autism is not to blame for the killings.
Autism is not a mental disorder. Rather, it is a neuro-developmental disorder that one is born with. The characteristics of autism include problems understanding and reacting to social cues; problems developing social skills; sensitivity to touch; focusing on one interest to the exclusion of all others; language difficulty; echolalia; a need for routine; and a tendency to behave in repetitive behavior such and rocking and hand flapping. Some individuals with autism may also have issues such as ADHD, anxiety, depression and bipolar.
There is an enormous range in the severity of symptoms in individuals with autism. Most people with autism can function very well academically, as well as function well in the workplace and in relationships. I have worked with many people with autism who are married, have children, and have friends. A family member of mine has Asperger’s and is currently attending college and living in a dorm. He has developed good social skills and has friends.
I am working with several autistic young adults who are able to function well with support in the community. Some individuals with more severe forms of autism need to live in specialized schools and group homes. I have seen numerous individuals with autism in therapy over the years, and none of them have had a history of violence towards others.
As you may have heard, a higher percentage of people are being diagnosed with autism than ever before. Why is this? The answer is that we don’t know for sure. Many doctors and therapists believe that individuals with milder forms of autism were not identified in the past. This goes to show that people with autism are just like you and me. They do have some differences, but we all home some differences.
My partner/spouse does not want to have sex anymore. What can we do to change this?
There are many reasons a spouse stops wanting to have sex including: feeling distant; feeling hurt; not feeling appreciated; stress; anger; children; depression; anxiety; medical problems; body image; low testosterone; and lack of desire among other issues. Many couples who have children are tired and stressed and think it is normal to stop having sex.
It is important for couples to stay both emotionally close and sexually close. When couples feel distant emotionally and stop having sex at least once a week, they are at risk for serious problems. I work with couples to improve both their emotional closeness and sexual closeness.
When a partner/spouse has an affair it is extremely painful. The person who is cheated on usually can’t stop thinking about what their partner did to them and what happened with the other person. The person feels overwhelmed with sadness, anxiety, fear and anger. They feel completely betrayed and lost. They will ask their partner over and over again what happened and why. Many people will feel depressed, anxious and will have problems sleeping.
The person who had the affair will often feel guilty and helpless to know how to help their spouse. In some cases, they may be confused as to whether they want to stay and work on the marriage/relationship.
The affair will send the relationship into a crisis and will threaten the marriage. The good news is that most couples can work through the pain. Many couples make important changes and end up feeling closer than ever. It is important that the person who had the affair is patient, supportive, and caring. It is also important to be as open to your partner’s questions as possible. Don’t forget, it takes months to work through it. Even though there is no excuse for an affair, it is important to look at what each person was feeling before the affair happened. One person may have felt distant emotionally – the other may have felt distant sexually.
What to do After an Affair
The person who is hurt by the affair usually feels betrayed, deeply hurt, angry, depressed, anxious, and confused. They often think and imagine what happened. They usually want to know some or all of the details and what happened. It is important for the person who cheated to be forthcoming about what happened and answer the questions fully. It is important for the person who cheated to be very patient. It can take up to a year for their partner to fully recover and gain trust again. It is also important to look at what may have contributed to the affair in terms of the couple’s emotional and sexual relationship. Most couples can heal and even improve their relationship. Couples can re-dedicate themselves to each other’s needs.
I have worked with many couples going through the pain of an affair. Please feel free to call me at 443-538-1247 to set up an appointment.
I Love Her/Him, but I’m Not IN Love with Her/Him Anymore
I often hear this statement in couples/marriage counseling. What does it mean? How can a person not feel the love for his/her partner? Can a person get the feeling of love back?
When one person in a relationship says that they don’t feel the love, it can mean many things. It can mean that they have been hurt so much that they are afraid of being hurt again. It can mean that they have grown distant due to a lack of emotional and/or physical intimacy. It may mean that they are having an emotional and/or physical affair or that they are uncomfortable with being emotionally close. Also, after a long relationship, couples can grow apart due to putting their energy into work and children. One or both may assume that because they feel distant, that they aren’t in love and can’t get the feelings back.
Can a person feel in love again? The answer is usually yes. Sometimes communicating about hidden feelings of hurt can begin the process of getting closer. Identifying ‘triggers’ is another important step in feeling connected. What are the triggers? Triggers are similar to ‘hot buttons’ – they are feelings that are triggered when your partner does or does not do something. For example, a wife could be triggered if her husband forgets or does not do something she asks. This could lead to her feeling that he doesn’t care enough to assist her. There are many possible triggers, both small and large. Identifying triggers and changing behavior can help each other feel loved.
Another important aspect of feeling closer is sexual intimacy. Once emotional closeness is started, sexual intimacy can build even more emotional closeness. If a couple has good communication, emotional closeness, and sexual intimacy, they are well on their way to feeling in love again.
If you want to feel in love, consider couples counseling. Couples counseling also helps improve communication and understanding and can help work through trust issues and the pain of infidelity. | <urn:uuid:8b3c3d3f-6d6c-46bb-99ab-a6122c6744a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.depressionhelpmd.com/blog.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.969655 | 4,742 | 2.90625 | 3 |
WHAT WE OFFER
Evangelium Institute provides the following programs and services in order to help those wanting to strengthen and deepen their understanding of the Catholic faith.
TEACHER FAITH FORMATION
EI staff provides formation in the Catechism or Sacred Scripture as well as Spiritual Formation to Catholic schools' staff and teachers of the archdiocese, with an emphasis on their personal relationships with Jesus Christ and an encouragement towards personal prayer. If your school isn't utilizing this service, contact us to get started!
TEACHER SPIRITUAL ENRICHMENT
Small group formation and Bible Study is facilitated by EI staff in order to create and foster an atmosphere where teachers can speak about and share their faith with their colleagues. Additionally, EI offers optional content to teachers including an end-of-year retreat. If you're a Catholic school teacher, contact us for more information.
Working with the St. John Paul II Newman Center as well as local parishes, we'll be offering a weeks-long course on fundamental philosophy and theology as well as inspirational events for fellowship around the truths of the faith.
CATECHISTS & RELIGIOUS EDUCATORS
EI offers a yearly kick-off event to encourage Catechists and Directors of Religious Education, pray with them, and help them prepare for the coming year. Contact us if you would like more information or to attend the next event!
KNOW YOUR FAITH
We offer weeks-long courses on aspects of theology and spirituality for adults looking to grow in their faith. A new series begins each year in September and runs through April, but join in at any time! Register here.
First Tuesdays is an ongoing series at Christ the King Catholic Church in Omaha. Join us on the first Tuesday of every month, free of charge, as Evangelium Institute instructors and guests will present on important topics relevant to being Catholic in today's world. Bring your RCIA group, your spouse, or come alone. Every topic is different and offers flavor all its own! Check our Events Calendar for upcoming topics and presentations.
F.A.R. (FAITH AND REASON)
At the request of parents, EI has embarked on a project called F.A.R. to assist high school students who are searching for a greater depth of knowledge with regard to their faith. Many students have deep questions about the faith that simply cannot be answered in a compelling way by searching the internet or by asking a question at youth group. Once per month, EI staff presents to students and their parents on timely topics of faith with the application of church teaching and reason. Register here.
Stations of the Cross, Novena to the Holy Spirit, Chaplet of Divine Mercy, and more... Explore these additional resources in order to help you deepen and strengthen your relationship with our Lord & Saviour. | <urn:uuid:2f33f0cd-ff74-4c7e-85d4-1df7d6192901> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eicatholic.org/what-we-offer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.952193 | 611 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Water Construction Engineering Technology Applied Undergraduate Program S Tr
Another distinguished critic of technology is Hubert Dreyfus, who has revealed books similar to On the Internet and What Computers Still Can’t Do. Electricity consumption and dwelling standards are extremely correlated.
- Only via learning can we move ahead in reality and reconciliation, and to a better future collectively.
- Many businesses seek IT professionals with mixed or overlapping talent sets.
- Artificial intelligence technology’s impact on society is broadly debated.
Sample high quality metrics corresponding to nucleic acid size, integrity and concentration can be used to rank DNA and RNA fragments from 1 to 10. These dwelling cultures typically reply to our errors not solely by the erratic conduct frequent to other laboratory tools, but by dying – the entire, irreplaceable destruction of the device itself. This article explores the importance of orchestration in cell and gene therapies, in addition to the challenges that lie in orchestrating with Technology out robust digital automation. Researchers have investigated the native actions of chromatin in living human cells using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Researchers have used genetic knowledge from 1.4 million folks of numerous ancestry across sub-Saharan Africa to research how the utilization of diverse and representative information can impression our ability to foretell threat of disease.
96% of Oregon Tech graduates achieve employment or enter graduate school or professional faculty within six months of graduation. In the curiosity of feature-compatibility and security, support for this browser is discontinued. Try utilizing one of these well-liked browsers- Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox.
Technology, Philosophy, And Society
The Boston Lyric Opera was the quickest rising opera company in North America during the Nineties. The HBR Tool for Market Sizing will allow you to flip your personal market knowledge right into a compelling enterprise case for your next great thought. Since its founding in 2004, INRIX, a leading world supplier of traffic info and driver providers, had acquired four rounds of financing from main… Many companies wrestle to reap the benefits of investments in digital transformation, while others see enormous positive aspects. Present efficiency appraisal strategies evaluate conduct by making subjective and impressionistic judgments somewhat than quantitative judgments and offering…
Computer scientists could participate in the hardware and software engineering work required to develop merchandise. They are also prone to delve into more summary technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning . Storage could additionally be native on a specific server or shared among many servers, and it could be put in on premises or accessed through a cloud service.
These instance sentences are selected routinely from varied online news sources to replicate current usage of the word ‘technology.’ Views expressed within the examples don’t represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Yoon finds a way to weave in core elements of being human, including psychological well being struggles, sophisticated relationships and the wide-ranging results of technology. Optimistic assumptions are made by proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and singularitarianism, which view technological development as generally having beneficial effects for the society and the human situation. Some critics see these ideologies as examples of scientism and techno-utopianism and fear the notion of human enhancement and technological singularity which they support. Taken to excessive, some argue that technicism is the idea that humanity will ultimately be capable of management the entirety of existence using technology. In other phrases, human beings will sometime be able to master all issues and probably even management the longer term using technology. | <urn:uuid:4de9d68f-f21e-4d18-8a14-f740448a88d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.bluespringsedc.com/digital-currencies-flow-to-campaigns-however-state-guidelines-range.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.925132 | 707 | 2 | 2 |
Doctors and Medical Practices
All significant health enquiries should begin with your own doctor (GP). S/he is your first point of contact for all matters of health (both physical and mental).
If you are not already registered with a doctor locally in Utrecht, please do so at your earliest opportunity. Do not wait until you become unwell before you take action with this!
Many medical practices are within a 5-10 bike ride from the University College Utrecht campus, and others are spread throughout the city. Some of the closest include:
- Campus Uithof Huisartsenpraktijk
- Huisartsenpraktijk Koningslaan
- Huisartsenpraktijk Bosboomstraat
- Huisartsenpraktijk Daltonlaan
- Huisartsenpraktijk Homeruslaan
- DocLine Utrecht (Online GP)
As with all medical practices, doctors may refer patients to specialists if necessary, to treat physical, psychological or other issues. Many practices also have their own in-house specialists, including mental health professionals.
For those struggling to organise their healthcare upon arrival in The Netherlands, or who require extra support in navigating the sector, ‘HelloDoc’ can offer a telehealth service for when you arrive and need a GP. They also give advice and treatment in case you are not able to register with a GP and require non-urgent medical care. | <urn:uuid:dd49bb76-13bc-4b85-b132-b9b8ed62d998> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://students.uu.nl/en/university-college-utrecht/student-life/health-and-wellbeing/doctors-medical-practices-and-emergencies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.908555 | 306 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Losing weight is something that many people have difficulty with. It can be tough figuring out the best approach, since what may be easy for someone else may not be easy for you! This article presents several tips and ideas that have successfully helped others achieve their weight loss goals. Try each tip from the article and see which one fits your needs the most.
Don’t bother with weight loss shakes and bars when planning your diet menu. These things will not satisfy any cravings. You’ll be cranky and hungry right after, instead. They also have a lot of sugar that can boost blood sugar and increase unhappiness.
To effectively lose weight, slowly reduce your daily caloric consumption. Lowering your calorie intake by 500 calories is what you should shoot for.
If you are trying to lose weight, consider changing your diet to remove red meat. These are very high in bad fats and cholesterol, which are not heart healthy. Rather than choosing red meats, consider lean proteins such as fish and fowl.
Activity can help you lose weight. Doing simple activities such as going out for a ride on your bike or a walk, you will burn more calories than just watching television from your couch. Some activity is what you need, so attempt to do some activities instead of watching TV here and there.
It is important that the shoes you workout in are comfortable and fit properly. You’re going to be pushing your body and the last thing you need is extra soreness or even an injury because you didn’t take the time to find shoes that fit properly. “Good” doesn’t necessarily mean “expensive”. When you’re buying shoes, test them to ensure they fit by walking around.
Make sure your kids sleep enough to aid them in their quest to lose weight. A child does most of his or her growing when sleeping; this burns plenty of calories. Most children need about 8 hours of sleep each night. To make sure your children understand why sleep is important, feel free to explain to them how sleep affects their growth.
Reducing your red meat consumption is a great way to lose some weight. Cholesterol and saturated fat are horrible for your heart, and red meat has a lot of both. Replace red meat with leaner choices. Tuna, turkey, salmon and chicken are all lower in fat and calories.
Get your stress under control. If you feel anxious or upset, you are more likely to hang onto fat and calories. While your mind is easily able to determine if your stress is a temporary condition or not, you body cannot make this distinction and reacts accordingly. Work at reducing your stress to remain calm and assist your weight loss.
Caffeine should also be avoided. Caffeine has been shown to reduce the amount of fat you burn each day.
Some fad diets recommend you forsake carbohydrates completely. This isn’t always right. Everyone, particularly athletes, require carbs in order to function properly. They give energy so don’t cut back on carbs if you are active.
When exercise is fun, you will stick with it and increase your chances of success. There have been numerous studies that show weight loss and exercise are connected. Many people have problems getting motivated to exercise and get involved in physical activities. To maintain motivation, focus on doing things that you like such as dancing, playing games, sports or family activities.
It is a good idea to use the stairs often in order to shed pounds. As simple as it may seem, you are still burning calories that you would not have had you taken the elevator.
You may veer away from your diet from time to time. Don’t worry about it too much. Perfection isn’t necessary. If you cheat, be sure to do a little more exercise to burn these calories. If you lack the time to incorporate additional exercise, don’t sweat it. You may get off track by thinking negatively. Keep your eyes on the future.
Food shouldn’t be your primary source of fun. Some really like to cook and even more people like to eat. This is OK. Food can be enjoyable. It is important to have other interests so that food is not the only thing that brings you enjoyment. Try looking for a hobby that helps you stay active.
A little fun time in the bedroom is a great way to burn some extra calories. Sex can reduce your food cravings. Furthermore, sex can burn a great deal of calories. Sex can burn up to 150 calories every half an hour.
Yogurt is terrific for those working to lose weight. Make sure you select a low fat product or a plain yogurt. Try plain yogurt in a salad of cucumber and a bit pepper. Fresh fruit is great on yogurt and is low on processed sugar. Yogurt is a great source of calcium if you choose the right products.
If you want to lose weight, try using decaf coffee. It tends to have less calories than regular coffee. Also, coffee that’s a decaf kind will be a great way to get antioxidants so your body can function properly.
Make sure to give yourself a variety of different foods to eat. Simply eating the same bland foods all the time is the quickest way to lose interest in a diet and to go off track. Always eat lots of different foods to keep your diet balanced.
Never eat before going to bed. Do not eat within two hours of your normal bedtime. If you absolutely have to have a snack, grab some raw veggies and have some water. Sometimes you will have no choice but to eat something less than two hours before bedtime, but don’t make a habit of it. Your body will store calories and fat when it is not active.
Pick one day a week or month to cook a large batch of meals, then freeze individual portions. When your freezer is loaded with nutritious, healthy meal options, you will be less likely to waste your money–and your diet efforts–on fast food or carry-out. Cooking food in bulk is a money saver and you can be certain of exactly what is going into your food. If you use them all, they won’t go bad inside your fridge.
Having a bit of sugar, less than 20 grams, after your workout might be good for your body. When consumed in conjunction with proteins, the sugars will break down the proteins and deliver the nutrients to your muscles that you just worked out.
Try eating rich and healthy avocados to help with your weight loss program. They are a high-fat food, but the fat is all “good,” healthy unsaturated fat. The rich and silky texture can satisfy those who need to watch unhealthy fat consumption that is in many meats. A veggie taco that contains avocado as opposed to ground beef has the same taste as its counterpart and it is a much healthy option also.
Try eating meals at the same general time each day. This will help you establish a routine so you don’t eat at all hours. Schedule your snack times, too. Creating a schedule for you body will decrease your risk of eating too much too often.
If you cook and eat a meal, portion your plate out and then put everything away prior to eating. This is easier if you live alone or with one other person. For the most part, avoid putting the main dishes on the table. This way, others who want seconds can get more if needed, but the food is not right in your face.
If you feel hungry, wait 15 minutes before eating. Feelings of hunger can actually be thirst in disguise. Try to walk for a bit and hydrate yourself. Should the hunger persist, then you know it is true hunger.
Accompanying any meal with some form of physical activity is a perfect way to lose fat. Going to have a picnic? Choose a location you can walk to. Mixing food and exercise can help you lose weight more effectively.
When you are attempting to lose some extra weight you cannot eat high calorie foods in the same amounts as you would other foods. One thing you can do is to supplement a small portion of cake with large portion fresh fruit so that you can still savor the cake. Take a bite of cake and then a bite of fruit to make the cake last longer.
Be realistic when you are setting goals for your weight loss. It is unrealistic to think that you would lose 50 pounds, for example, in less than six months. If you come up with a goal you can reach, you can motivate yourself time and time again. With goals that are achievable you aren’t setting yourself up to fail. Try setting a weekly goal of one half to two pounds lost.
Emphasize the color blue in your surroundings. It might surprise you to learn that the color blue can actually help quash your appetite. To see the effect of this, try having blue items at your table. Stay away from warmer colors, like reds, yellows and oranges, because they encourage hunger. Many people do not realize that eating is heavily affected by visual cues. Remember this when choosing place mats, clothes, or even dishes.
Reading food labels is very important. Something may say it’s fat-free, but that does not always mean it is good for you. An item like this could be packed with excess sugar, which packs on the pounds quickly. Makes sure you read the nutrition label to know exactly what is going in your body.
Be aware that products advertised as having low calories or low fat may not be as advertised. A lot of times these products do not have essential vitamins and minerals and contain chemicals like artificial sweeteners; these sweeteners affect your metabolism and make it harder to lose weight.
If you want to eat a hot dog or sandwich for lunch today, try it with only 1/4 of the ketchup and mustard. These condiments have a lot of sugar and can add to the calorie content in your meal. When using these, be sure to use a small amount.
Eating large breakfasts, medium lunches, and small dinners can really boost weight loss. It is also better to consume meat, dairy and carbs early. It makes sense that you take in the nutrients that you need to burn early during the day so you have them to use when you need them.
Getting to and maintaining a good weight is something you’ll need to keep up your whole life. However, it does not always have to be difficult. It is important to use the strategy that is best for you, so that you can stick with it. Apply these tips in your life to get your weight under control and keep it that way.
If you wish to succeed with weight loss, you can always seek assistance from a diet specialist who can work out a personalized diet for you. People have different bodies, so the fact that a diet was effective for someone you know doesn’t mean it will be effective for you. Help is one of the best ways to support your weight loss program.
There is much more to learn about mattress and box spring covers,soft down alternative pillow soft
nurse home waterproof mattress protector. You need to learn everything before you dive in. Review this article closely before you continue learning about mattress and box spring covers,soft down alternative pillow soft
nurse home waterproof mattress protector. You may even want to save this article so that you can look back at it and refresh yourself from time to time. | <urn:uuid:0aa57ec5-47fc-4e68-aea6-4de7e72bea41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.forufancy.com/weight-loss-rid-your-body-of-those-extra-pounds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.961316 | 2,372 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Throughout our evolution, viruses have continually infected humans just as they do today. Some early viruses became integrated into our genome and are now known as human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). Over millions of years, they became inert due to mutations or major deletions in their genetic code. Today, one of the most studied HERV families is the HERV-K family, which has been active since the evolutionary split of humans and chimpanzees with some members perhaps actively infecting humans within the past couple hundred thousand years.
HERVs have become a target for HIV researchers because studies have shown that T-cells produce an immune response against HERVs in those infected with HIV. It is now thought that HERV expression can be caused by HIV infection and that HIV would become an easier target by aiming at the HERV antigens rather than the ever-mutating HIV antigens. Following that idea, previous research from Kumamoto University in Japan revealed an apparent correlation between the coassembly of HIV-1 group specific antigen (Gag) and HERV-K Gag, and the reduced particle proliferation and infectivity of HIV-1. In their current study, the researchers sought to clarify how HERV-K Gag affects HIV-1 in this manner.
They reported that HERV-K Gag changes the size and morphology of progeny HIV-1 particles during the early stages of coassembly. This occurs because the HERV-K Gag capsid (CA), i.e. the virus protein shell, colocalizes (overlaps) partially with HIV-1 Gag at the plasma membrane. This also results in a reduced number of mature HIV-1 particles and lower HIV-1 release and infectivity.
“While we have found that release efficiency and infectivity of HIV-1 particles are hindered by HERV-K Gag,” said project leader, Dr. Kazuaki Monde, “they appear to be products of two separate mechanisms. HIV-1 particle release from cells that also express HERV-K Gag is reduced significantly but the specifics of how infectivity is also reduced still eludes us. Certainly, more research into HERV-K CA is needed to determine how it is able to reduce both particle release and infectivity of HIV-1.”
Monde, K.; Terasawa, H.; Nakano, Y.; Soheilian, F.; Nagashima, K.; Maeda, Y. & Ono, A., Molecular mechanisms by which HERV-K Gag interferes with HIV-1 Gag assembly and particle infectivity, Retrovirology, Springer Nature, 2017.
Filed Under: Genomics/Proteomics | <urn:uuid:42ac82b0-579b-4f4b-972e-fd202f39d552> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.drugdiscoverytrends.com/ancient-retrovirus-embedded-in-the-human-genome-helps-fight-hiv-1-infection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.949533 | 580 | 3.234375 | 3 |
From local movie productions, to Sioux City’s upscale salons, cosmetologists in South Dakota are in demand for their ability to make people look and feel their best.
A career in cosmetology will allow you to put your creative skills to use working with hair, nails, and makeup. Becoming a cosmetologist in South Dakota offers flexibility, a stable income, and the opportunity to use your natural talents in your profession.
It takes time and dedication to become a licensed cosmetologist through the South Dakota Cosmetology Commission. However with perseverance and a commitment to your craft, you can successfully navigate the following steps:
|Graduate from a Cosmetology Program|
|Apply for Testing and a Temporary License with the South Dakota Cosmetology Commission|
|Pass South Dakota’s Required Examinations|
|Develop your Career in Cosmetology|
Step 1. Graduate from a Cosmetology Program
To become a cosmetologist in South Dakota you must graduate from a cosmetology school that offers a curriculum of at least 2,100 hours of education. There are currently six approved cosmetology schools in South Dakota located in:
- Rapid City
- Sioux Falls
Completing a cosmetology training program can take anywhere from one to two years, and will include a curriculum that covers:
- Salon management
- Hair cutting and coloring
- Hairstylist training
- Permanent waving
- Scientific concepts
- Chemical relaxing
- Makeup training
- Electricity, hazardous materials, and safety
- Use of an automated external defibrillator (AED)
- Laws pertaining to cosmetologists
In addition to graduating from a cosmetology program, all applicants must be high school graduates or hold a GED equivalent.
Education for Expanded Duties
You will need to complete additional approved education if you want to use electric drills or files and perform microdermabrasion. Becoming certified in either of these areas requires that you first become a licensed cosmetologist.
- Mircodermabrasion – 16 hours of instruction that covers:
- Hands-on machine operation
- Skin types
- Sanitation and safety procedures
- Electric drills or files – 8 hours of instruction that covers:
- Sanitation and safety
- Sanding and drilling methodology
Option for an Apprenticeship
You also have the option to choose to pursue an apprenticeship instead of a traditional cosmetology education. As an apprentice, you will be required to train 40 hours per week for 18 months, spending at least 3,000 hours of time on a cosmetology curriculum in total.
To get started on your apprenticeship, you will need to complete an Apprentice Checklist and submit this to the Executive Director of the South Dakota Cosmetology Commission.
Step 2. Apply for Testing and a Temporary License with the South Dakota Cosmetology Commission
Once you have completed your cosmetology program, you will be ready to fill out an application to take the required cosmetology exams. This will also allow you to qualify for a temporary permit until the time you pass the exam. To be eligible for a temporary license you will need to find a salon in South Dakota that is willing to hire you while you wait to take the required examinations and receive your testing results. If you fail any of your exams or don’t show up, your temporary license will become immediately invalidated.
Once you pass your tests, the Cosmetology Commission will issue you a full license allowing you to apply for cosmetology jobs in South Dakota.
As a general rule, to be eligible for licensure as a cosmetologist in South Dakota your home state or country must have required an amount of education and testing that is equivalent or greater to that required by South Dakota.
If you are lacking 2,100 hours of cosmetology education you can complete any outstanding amounts in South Dakota or earn up to 1,000 hours of education by counting your work experience as such on a 2:1 ratio (two hours of work experience equals one hour of education, allowable for up to a maximum of 1,000 hours of education).
As an out-of-state candidate you will also need to have passed exams that are equivalent to those required by South Dakota. You can apply for a temporary license to work in a specified salon until you have completed any outstanding exams. You cannot complete any outstanding exams before you have fulfilled the education requirement.
A complete application for licensure as an out-of-state candidate will include the following:
- Application for reciprocity licensure and examinations
- Out-of-state work experience form
- Out-of-state education form
- Application for a temporary license, if desired
Once you have passed any outstanding tests the South Dakota Cosmetology Commission will issue you a full license.
Step 3. Pass South Dakota’s Required Examinations
Once you pass these examinations the South Dakota Cosmetology Commission will issue you a full license:
- Cosmetologist Theory Examination
- Cosmetologist Practical Examination
- South Dakota Laws and Rules Test
Cosmetologist Theory Examination
South Dakota has adopted the National-Interstate Council (NIC) of State Boards of Cosmetology Theory Examination as its qualifying theory test for prospective cosmetologists. You can check the exam calendar to see when and where this exam is offered throughout the state. You will be allowed up to two hours to complete this exam, which is comprised of questions from the following subjects:
- Hair services and hair care – 40 percent
- Principles of hair design and cutting
- Chemical hair services
- Customer care and draping procedures
- Scientific concepts – 30 percent
- Infection control
- Anatomy and physiology
- Basic principles of chemistry and electricity
- Nail services and care – 15 percent
- Manicure and pedicure procedures
- Advanced nail care
- Skin services and care – 15 percent
- Skin histology
- Facial procedures
- Temporary hair removal procedures
Cosmetologist Practical Examination
South Dakota has also adopted the NIC’s Practical Examination for cosmetology candidates. You can find the dates and locations this exam is offered on the state Cosmetology Commission’s exam calendar. You will be allowed up to three hours to complete this exam, which will assess your performance of activities such as:
- Client protection and set-up
- Chemical waving
- Thermal curling
- Hair cutting
- Hair lightening and relaxing
- Basic facial
South Dakota Laws and Rules Test
Once your application has been deemed complete the South Dakota Cosmetology Commission will mail you a candidate brochure, a state laws and rules booklet, and information on the examination procedure. The South Dakota Laws and Rules Test is a written exam that covers legislation such as:
Step 4. Develop Your Career in Cosmetology
You will need to renew your cosmetology license every year by your birthday. You will find a license renewal form at the bottom of your current license. To renew, you simply need to pay a renewal fee and send in the renewal form to the South Dakota Cosmetology Commission.
As you begin your career, you will need to start by making a name for yourself. Newly licensed cosmetologists usually break in their shears in a local salon or with a franchise. As you develop your skills, you can progress to high-end salons and move on to bigger cities and trendier neighborhoods.
Once you have established yourself well enough to have a loyal client base, you can consider obtaining a Booth Rental License, in effect renting chair space in a salon. This will afford the maximum flexibility for your career as you will be in business for yourself and be able to set your own prices and keep all your profits.
One of the conditions of earning a booth license is that you must get a South Dakota Sales Tax License. Once you are ready for this step you can fill out a Booth License Application and submit it to the South Dakota Cosmetology Commission in Pierre.
Eventually, the most successful cosmetologists go on to open their own salons, leading their own business with their own employees.
There are approximately 820 licensed cosmetologists working across the state, including:
- 290 in Sioux Falls
- 280 in the greater Sioux City area
- 280 in the eastern part of the state
- 200 in Rapid City
- 80 in the central region of the state
Some of the hottest salons in South Dakota include:
- Village Hair and Spa in Sioux Falls – as distinguished in Elle magazine
- Sam’s Headquarters in Rapid City – voted best multicultural hair salon in the state by Salon Builder/Urban Salon
- Chameleon Hair Design in Sioux Falls – voted the best local hair salon in 2012-2013 | <urn:uuid:ba47fa6a-618f-4e85-9fc1-aff4f785c2d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cosmetology-license.com/south-dakota/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.931473 | 1,864 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Before we get started, I want to provide the following LIVING LANGUAGE DISCLAIMER: Grammatical rules are not ordained by God. For most of human history, grammatical rules didn't exist. Look at Shakespeare and you’ll see all kinds of usages that would later be considered grammatically incorrect. And here’s the larger point: living languages (as opposed to dead ones like Latin or Neanderthal), change constantly. Each generation frowns upon the new words and phrases of the next generation, but the language keeps rolling on, ever-changing. Today’s slang or ungrammatical speech is tomorrow’s normal usage. Think of language like a webpage that constantly refreshes itself.
WHAT THIS DISCLAIMER MEANS FOR THIS BLOG: Several of the entries you’ll see here involve grammar, by which I mean the grammatical rules that dominated American English in the 20th century. Now, in the 21st century, those rules rule . . . not so much. Because I was educated in the grammar of the 20th century, I’m emotionally connected to it. But nothing on earth stays the same, including grammar. So: any grammatical rules you find here may be outmoded by the time you finish reading. A century from now, those rules will probably look like fossils of extinct forms of speech. In which case, they’ll be an interesting record of what American writers once considered “good English.”
A Writer Is Someone Who Writes
The question, “Should I be a writer?” can be answered with another question: Do I need to write? If your answer is “yes” -- if you need to write -- you should be a writer.
Just as a painter is someone who paints, and a musician is someone who makes music, a writer is someone who writes. It really is that simple.
The writer or painter or musician may not get paid to perform these skills, but the presence or absence of payment has nothing to do with the definition of an artist. Payment defines an artist’s commercial success, nothing more. Terms like “amateur” and “professional” are useless for illuminating what it means to be a writer. They’re technicalities. The day before Shakespeare made his first pound as a playwright, he was an amateur.
A writer is someone who writes. If you consider this a glib statement, it isn’t. When I watch LeBron James play basketball, I’m aware that I’m watching a man who HAS to play basketball. Artists are no different. They do what they do because they must. They are driven to it.
Talent at writing includes the inclination to write. Talent is drive plus aptitude. Which doesn’t mean that drive equals talent anymore than talent equals drive. You can be driven to write without thereby being Shakespeare. Or, you can have the imaginative and verbal gifts of Shakespeare without the drive to write. There is no such thing as a literary genius who never writes.
And I think the opposite is also true. There is no reason why a person with a drive to write cannot become a skilled writer. Gifts may be genetically given; skills are not. Skills can be acquired.
Does this displease you? Is it a let-down to hear the word “skilled” where you’d rather hear “gifted?” Is “skilled” an anti-climax to the drama of your becoming a writer? Is the work of becoming a writer not worth it if, in the end, you will be a skilled, but not an ingenious, revolutionary, or brilliant writer? Are you nodding your head? Are you saying ‘Yes, it’s not enough for me -- if I’m not going to be acknowledged as a literary genius, a talent of gargantuan proportions, a monster of verbalization, then I don’t want to do all that work’? If so, you’re probably not a writer.
But if you are a writer, I’m not saying you won’t become an extraordinary one. You might, and if you do, this will be the reason: by learning the skills of a writer, you will have given yourself a framework in which your native ability – your talent – can emerge. . . .
The digital age has changed how we think about and use written language.
On the one hand, the internet makes the written word increasingly unimportant. The tendency of cybernetics is to replace text with audio-video, because it’s easier to listen to language than to read it, and it’s more fun to watch images than to stare at text. There, in a nutshell, is the history of mass communication in the last hundred years, when radio surpassed newspapers and TV surpassed radio. The written word gave way steadily to electronic media. The internet simply extends this phenomenon, seemingly infinitely, into the future.
On the other hand, the internet has vastly expanded the amount of writing in the world. It has inundated us and saturated us with text. As a result of email and blogs, people who would never have written began writing. By reviving the practice (though not the art) of written correspondence, email singlehandedly undid what the telephone had done to letter-writing years ago. Suddenly, everyone was writing to everyone else, including people who would have been too restless to compose and mail a letter. Email was so quick and easy, it created a whole new demographic of casual writers. And the new correspondence took every conceivable form: personal exchanges between friends, business exchanges between colleagues, political exchanges between voters.
Blogs took the write-it-down trend even farther. Anyone capable of poking a computer keyboard could become, in effect, a published writer. Anyone could bypass the old “quality-control” screening procedures: submitting one’s writing to a publisher, where an editorial board decided on its quality and relevance, then working with an individual editor to improve the text prior to publication.
I hear myself about to hurl a platitude – “there’s good and bad in everything” – (yawn, yawn, snooze) but . . . in this there is. The Good: blogs opened up a writing-arena to people who had been forced to sit on the sidelines and watch a published elite play the game. The Bad: blogs are the unedited thoughts of bloggers. Which automatically differentiates them from Writers. Anyone who deserves to be called a writer understands that their unedited thoughts are the last thing they want to record for posterity. They realize that the finished product they’d like others to read has been sifted and distilled, checked and rechecked; it has been edited.
Wikipedia is a perfect illustration of what the digital age has done to writing. On the upside, the site can be informative about current events (though unreliable for History and other fields requiring systematic research) because it allows anyone to upload relevant information almost as quickly as an event unfolds. On the downside, because the site is so heavily traveled, Wikipedia does real damage to the written word. At best, the writing is acceptable. (Though it’s often dull, because the anyone-can-edit method leads to the Least Common Denominator of style). At worst, it’s bad, not necessarily because it’s grammatically incorrect, but because it fails the fundamental test of good writing: it’s unclear.
This unclarity comes from: 1) the fact that multiple participants stack entries on top of, alongside, and in between each other; 2) the fact that few participants are good writers. Back in the olden times of The Encyclopedia, a book like the Britannica could usually guarantee that its text had been written by a competent, sometimes talented, writer and edited by a skilled editor. This can’t be true of Wikipedia because of its method for inputting data. Oscar Wilde could come along and enter an elegant passage on Drama, only to be followed by an eager Wiki who wants to correct and improve Wilde’s text. Then comes another editor and another until poor Oscar has been reduced to the literary equivalent of generic marketing. I’m visualizing a big yellow box with fat black letters: DRAMA KNOWLEDGE.
To sum up, the digital age has besieged good writing on two fronts. 1) It moves us steadily toward video sites, which deliver content in a more sensory-stimulating way than a text-based site can. 2) It floods us with hasty, poor writing.
As a result, now more than ever, writing is something special. Those of us who aspire not merely to write, but to write well, form a distinctive community. We’re like the clan of dissenters in Ray Bradbury’s FAHRENHEIT 451,who have memorized all the great books banned by their totalitarian society and gather in secret to recite them to the younger generation. But unlike those characters, writers today face a different nemesis, not thought-control but indifference. When T.S. Eliot wrote, “This is the way the world ends, not with a bang but a whimper,” he could have been describing the apathy expressed by that great millennial mantra: “Whatever.”
Writers are the people who care about the future of the word. Writers are the ones who believe that precision in language is as important to our mental domain as precision in carpentry is to our home. . . . .
Art From A Bottle
There is a tenacious myth about great writers: they operate in an altered state of consciousness. Their greatness -- the lyrical flourishes, the verbal dexterity, the imaginative machinations – must come from periods of intensified, uninhibited sensation about both the world without and the world within. In other words, they must be high. Probably on alcohol. Stories circulate about books written in fantastic furies of drunken inspiration. So-and-So wrote his masterpiece, The Plasma Chronicles, in a single 156-hour sitting with nothing but a case of bourbon and two cases of cigarettes astride his laptop. One-thousand, one-hundred and three pages later, his Mac was a smoking ruin but his manuscript was complete and his publisher orgasmic.
In a few instances (very few), something like this does happen to a writer. John Guare described having written SIX DEGREES OF SEPARATION in three days, but he also said that it took him fifty-one years to arrive at those three days. And he wasn’t drunk when he got there.
More often than not, the person who tells you they’ve just finished a W.M.U.I. -- whirlwind manuscript under intoxication – has less in common with Gustave Flaubert than with the writer portrayed by Jack Nicholson in THE SHINING. There’s a lot of junky writing out there written with tremendously appropriate haste.
Yes, it can happen that a writer, like an athlete, gets “in the zone,” that mental space where you can’t miss. When they do, they turn out pages of inspired text with the same amazing consistency of the basketball player who makes ten three-point shots in a row, or the pool player who runs the table, then runs it again as their opponent looks on in grim resignation. There is something daunting about this phenomenon of performance, so depressing when achieved by our competitors, so sweet when demonstrated by us. I think there is an element of “zoneness” to any period of time when we’re writing well, whether it last fifteen minutes or five hours. Being “in the zone” means, at bottom, being extremely focused on a goal, so focused that your mind operates without distraction. It’s the kind of concentration that leaves you feeling transported – if someone interrupts you, it takes a moment to remember where you are – and in that sense it is akin to a mystical experience.
Which is probably why the myth of the drunken writer persists. We know that great artistic performances have a magical quality to them. We don’t know when or why or how they arrive, those outbursts of exquisite creativity. They seem to just . . . happen!
We sense that we cannot force them into existence. Hence the analogy to intoxication. When we drink alcohol, something magical happens (at least for a while, before the malaise, the brawl and the stupor). One moment we’re full of worry and anxiety about our social performance, then – presto! -- suddenly we’re feeling fantastically free and easy, enjoying those around us and enjoying even ourselves. Rapport flows like wine. We have what psychologist Abraham Maslow famously described as a “peak experience,” a feeling of oneness with the world and a heightened sense of our own bright, unbounded potential.
A few years ago, under the influence of the intoxicated-artist myth, I conducted my own little literary experiment. I drank six consecutive shots of Southern Comfort, sat down at my computer, stared out the window looking over the beautifully urban landscape of Hell’s Kitchen, and began writing. It was about 10:45 A.M.
I decided to write a poem, because I suspected I had special poetic gifts that had lain dormant from childhood to middle age, waiting to be awakened . . . now! Unburdened by the bourbon, I wrote without inhibition and without worry. By noon I was done! (The excessive exclamation points are intentional.) The remainder of my stoned time I spent imagining what kind of feedback Billy Collins would give my little gem. I didn’t know Billy personally, but I knew he taught at City College, or some nearby school, and could be easily reached by subway.
I’ve never again appreciated the virtues of the “Delete” button as much as I did that afternoon at about 2:30, when my mini-masterpiece, “Untitled,” joined the other digital flotsam-and-jetsam in my Trash folder, bound for that mysterious zone in cyberspace where non-analog junk ends up. It wasn’t that whatever I’d written was so awful. I don’t even think it was much more awful than what I would have written sober. But the lesson was clear: altering my state of consciousness did not alter my ability to write mediocre poetry.
Every great novelist I’ve heard interviewed on the subject has said that alcohol makes it impossible to write well.
Songwriter Elliot Smith has left us one of the saddest, most eloquent testimonials on this subject. In his great song “Between the Bars,” Smith, who committed suicide in his early thirties, wrote, “Drink up baby, stay up all night/With the things you could do. You won’t but you might./The potential you’ll be, that you’ll never see./ The promises you’ll only make.”
The reason intoxication and great writing don’t mix seems pretty obvious, if you think about it. To do anything well requires concentration. And what is alcohol famous for? I know -- I can’t remember either. But I think it started with the letter “G,” or maybe with the letter “Egma.” . . .
We like to call a person “eccentric” if they display one or more dramatically unique behaviors.
Our “eccentric” aunt lives alone in a big house packed so full of old newspapers, you need a compass to navigate the maze of paper-encased corridors leading from room to room. Our “eccentric” friend will never wear a bathing suit to the beach; he sits in the sun fully clothed, keeping even his shoes and socks on. We laugh, either gently or condescendingly, at the eccentrics around us, not realizing that each of us, if examined closely, displays some kind of (often private) behavior that is dramatically different from the behavior of many other people. And if there were a person who displayed no eccentric behavior, that would be eccentric . . . and sad. Sad, because it is our peculiar behavior, our distinctive ways of acting and thinking, that makes each of us unique, individual, unreplicable.
Why do I take up your valuable time developing this point about eccentricity (a.k.a. individuality)? What does it have to do with writing?
Everything. As you attune your work habits to your own individual preferences, you have an opportunity to do something additional: to think more deeply about your individuality, about the specifics of you, the attributes that make your world and your thoughts different from other people’s. Why is this important? Because good writing is never generic; it’s always specific. The best writing conveys the writer’s individuality at its most specific. The best writing opens a door to one unique, individual mind. The more you’re able to open that door, the more you will produce interesting writing.
I wanted to take an extra page here to dwell on this misunderstood concept, eccentricity, because it will help you remove yourself from the myth of the intoxicated or eccentric artist. As long as you labor under this myth, it will mislead you. It will take you farther from your individuality, not bring you closer to who you are. It will cause you to adopt gestures and poses of eccentricity (including the gesture of getting stoned) in the deluded belief that those behaviors will have a magical effect on you as a writer, that they’ll somehow transport you into the zone where great literature flows like an endless spring.
The one kind of intoxication you ought to indulge is the intoxication of the writer, which is a dramatic passion for language. Great painters are intoxicated by sight. They obsess over color and light and shadow. They see these visual elements with extreme sensitivity and power. Great musicians are intoxicated by sound. They obsess over melodies and harmonies and dissonances. They hear these aural elements with phenomenal acuity. Great writers are intoxicated by language. They obsess over the meanings and sounds of words, and even over the sight of words, the way words look on a page (or a screen).
That should be more than enough intoxication for you. If you marry a passion for language to your own eccentricity (not somebody else’s), you will be a “real” writer.
Of course you may be someone who manages, like some famous writers, both to drink and write, keeping the two activities neatly separated, in which case, on that inevitable day when the separation collapses and the writing interferes with the drinking, you’ll have to give up the writing. But that goes without saying.
Let’s begin with something that may seem small but isn't: Word Placement.
Notice the title of this post: To Write or To Not Write . . . And notice the placement of the word "not" in "To Not Write."
“Ok,” you may be saying, “so what?” Well, there's something not quite right about it.
Where we put that little word makes a difference in how our reader understands what we're saying.
If we say "to not write," we are splitting the infinitive. (The infinitive is "to write," and by inserting a word between "to" and write" we are doing what grammarians call "splitting the infinitive.")
In the bad old days of grammar teachers and corporal punishment in the public schools, you weren’t allowed to split an infinitive. “To think deeply” was correct; “to deeply think” was incorrect. “To leave quickly” was right; “to quickly leave” was wrong.
The main reasons for this rule had to do with clarity and power. It’s clearer and stronger to keep the two parts of the infinitive together than to separate them with other words.
Shakespeare understood this when he wrote, “To be or not to be?” Compare that to: “To be or to not be?” The second version sounds much worse because it’s weaker. In Shakespeare’s day there was no grammatical rule prohibiting split infinitives, so he could have written “To be or to not be?” if he’d wanted to. Why didn’t he? Because the man had an ear.
Today it’s acceptable for a writer to split an infinitive. Sometimes a phrase or sentence sounds better, more natural, if you do. “I wanted to quickly leave the room” might work better in a particular passage than “I wanted to leave the room quickly.” In either case the meaning is completely clear (you’re leaving fast), so which choice the writer makes has to do only with what effect they want to create.
But the case of “not to write” is slightly different. Take the sentence "We want to learn to NOT write junk." By splitting the infinitive, we create a little confusion. Are we learning to NOT write? And the thing we’re NOT writing is junk?
Yes, you probably understand what I mean if I say it this way, but your brain registers the slight confusion caused by my sticking “not” in between “to . . . write.” The more slight confusions your mind encounters during a conversation or during a period of reading, the less engaged you become.
This may seem like a small thing but it points to a larger, extremely important issue for the writer: being acutely attentive to where you place words. Even the smallest words -- “to” or “not” -- can have a significant effect on your reader, and that effect will depend on where you place the words.
Which is why Shakespeare DIDN’T write: “To be or to not be?”
Rule One for the Good Writer:
Do not introduce confusion into your reader’s mind.
(Unless it’s deliberate confusion, as in a novel or a play; and even then, be careful not to go too long before resolving the confusion, or you’ll lose your audience.)
Writing Strategies, Writing Tips, Writing Advice . . .
A strange thing has been happening to pronouns in America. And you know the old saying: Pronouns goeth before the Fall. Or was it Pride?
Back in the 1990s or thereabouts, people, including TV anchors and talk-show hosts (whose English affects millions of viewers), began saying “It happened to he and I.” Before then people of all educational levels were happy to stick with the grammatically correct, “It happened to him and me.”
So what happened to HE and HIM, and SHE and HER, and I and ME?
First, a quick grammar review:
Use “I,” “She,” “He,” and “We” as subjects (the person doing an action).
Use “Me,” “Her,” “Him,” and “Us” as objects (the person receiving an action).
After prepositions, use “Me,” “Her” or “Him,” not “I,” “She” or “He.” Examples: to him; for her; by me; against her; before him; behind me.
I hit the ball. (I’m the subject, the doer of the action.)
The ball hit me. (I’m the object, the receiver of the action.)
She gave the gift. (She is the subject, the one doing the giving.)
The gift was given to her. (She is the object, the one receiving the action, the one being “gifted.”)
He spoke to Monique. (He is the subject, the one who did the speaking.)
Monique spoke to him. (He is the object, the one who was spoken to.)
We drive Sue and Monica to the beach. (We are the subject, the ones doing the driving.)
Sue and Monica drive us to the beach. (We are the object, the ones being driven.)
So far so good. The trouble doesn’t involve the plural pronouns “we” and “us.” Nobody has been saying, “They gave the gift to we.” And the trouble has not involved cases in which there is only one person serving as an object. Nobody is saying “They gave the gift to I,” or “The accident happened to she.”
But the same person who will not say, “They gave the gift to I,” WILL say, “They gave the gift to Jim and I.” Or, “They gave the gift to he and I.”
So: the trouble has involved sentences in which more than one person serves as an object of a verb or preposition.
The real question is: Is this really a problem?
Not necessarily. Why do I say this? If the usage is grammatically incorrect, then isn’t it a problem? Isn’t it wrong?
Well . . . yes and no.
“What?” you reply. “Can’t you give me a straight answer?”
Maybe. The straight answer is, does a change in language cause a problem in communication? If it does, then, yes, we have trouble. We have a problem. But if the change in language doesn’t confuse people, then it’s not really a problem even though it breaks a grammatical rule.
Personally, I hate it when people say, “It happened to he and I.” Why? Because I like the distinct uses of “I” versus “Me” and “He” versus “Him.” To my mind, these distinctions enrich our language.
But the final question about language is always about CLARITY. Is a statement clear, or is it ambiguous? If it’s ambiguous, it’s bad. If it’s clear, it’s OK.
There is nothing confusing about the statement, “It happened to he and I.” I know that something happened, and it happened to me and the male person represented by “he.” If it’s “Jim” we’re talking about, then I know something happened to Jim and me.
An example of a grammatical error that DOES produce confusion is: “I know it’s name.” The correct statement would be “I know its name.”
By adding an apostrophe to “its,” we change the meaning: “it’s” means “it is.” So that sentence is actually saying, “I know it is name.” This is confusing; it makes no sense. So it must be corrected.
As much as I’d like American English to return to the good old days when an “I” was a real “I” and a “Me” stood for something special, I have a feeling that my wish will be denied. Too many people now use the incorrect form, and since the mistake doesn’t cause a clarity problem, it will probably continue and eventually become standard usage.
(This is what happened to “hopefully,” which we all use in a way that is technically wrong: “Hopefully my books will arrive today.” Literally that sentence means: “My books, full of hope, will arrive today.” “Hopefully” has been misused for a very long time as shorthand for “I hope that.” As a result, today it’s virtually correct.)
I think it’s important for Writers not to walk around in a state of indignation about this kind of mistake, as dissonant as it may be to the sensitive ear. A good writer should understand that language is a living thing; it constantly changes. Yesterday’s “no-no’s” can be today’s rule.
For myself: there’s no way I’m going to start saying “They gave the gift to Monique and I” anymore than I’m going to say, “They gave the gift to we.” The first sentence sounds as bad to me as the second. But I’m not going to spend hours digging my nails into my palms when I hear someone else say it.
Last point: why did this change in our language happen? I think it happened the same way language often changes: from the bottom up. I’m pretty sure that social anxiety caused people to use the incorrect forms of the personal pronouns. I think “me” and “him” and “her” sounded “low-class” to people who weren’t sure about the grammar, whereas “I,” “he,” and “she” sounded “proper” and “high-class.” So they began to make the substitutions.
In other words, it’s people trying to present themselves in the best possible light to other people. That’s not a horrible motive. True, there’s an element of pretentiousness there (maybe they’re going to start lecturing their relatives about using a fork when eating fried chicken in a bucket).
But that’s what social anxiety does to we.
This one’s going to be short and sweet. OK, short.
If you want to say something is simple, just say: “It’s simple.” Don’t say: “It’s simplistic.”
Why? Well, for one, it’s wrong. For two, it’s pretentious.
“Simplistic” means an over-simplified explanation. If someone tells you that oil is the cause of all wars in the Middle East, they're being simplistic because there are various causes of warfare in the Middle East. If you tell me that your marriage dissolved because your spouse was a jerk, you’re being simplistic. Your spouse may be a jerk, but that’s rarely the sole cause of a divorce.
Simplistic does NOT mean “simple.”
SIMPLE refers to something that is uncomplicated. If the instructions for installing a light bulb are quick and easy to follow, they’re SIMPLE, not simplistic.
Why did many people start substituting SIMPLISTIC for SIMPLE? Because SIMPLISTIC sounds big and important, whereas SIMPLE sounds, well, simple.
So the next time you want to sound big and important, say ‘transmogrification” instead of “change,” but leave SIMPLE alone.
In the first of these blogs, I talked about word placement, a subject you can’t talk about too much. Why? Because every sentence you write can be written in different ways (lots of different ways if the sentence contains more than five or six words).
Most people pay no attention to word placement. They spill out the words of a sentence like marbles from a bag, letting them land wherever. Even many writers don’t pay as much attention as they should to the question: Where will my words do their work most effectively?
Example. The other day I was writing an email which contained the sentence, “I visited the Dallas Theatre Center yesterday, which Frank Lloyd Wright designed in the late 1950s.”
Before sending, I changed the sentence to: “Yesterday I visited the Dallas Theatre Center, which Frank Lloyd Wright designed in the late 1950s.”
What’s the difference? Why is the revised version better than the original?
It’s better because it’s clearer. Why is it clearer? Because the word “which” comes directly after the thing it refers to. What did Frank Lloyd Wright design? The Dallas Theatre Center. He didn’t design “yesterday.” This point becomes more obvious if we put additional words between “Dallas Theatre Center” and “which.” Watch: “I visited the Dallas Theatre Center yesterday just before dinnertime, which Frank Lloyd Wright designed in the late 1950s.”
When we encounter “which” or “who” or “when” in the middle of a sentence, we automatically look to the word that immediately precedes it in order to know what it refers to. So, here’s a good rule of thumb: keep “which” or “who” or “when” as close as possible to its referent (the thing it refers to).
GOOD: I brought the car to the shop on Friday, when the best mechanic was on duty.
NOT SO GOOD: On Friday I brought the car to the shop, when the best mechanic was on duty.
GOOD: Tomorrow evening I’ll probably see Ray, who gave us that great anniversary gift.
BAD: I’ll probably see Ray tomorrow evening, who gave us that great anniversary gift.
I think I’ll finish this blog before I get too tired and fall asleep staring at my computer, which I’ve enjoyed writing.
Until thirty something years ago, the grammatical rule was: never end a sentence with a preposition.
So, in conversation you might say to someone, “He’s the man Ambrosia voted for,” but in formal writing it had to be: “He’s the man for whom Ambrosia voted.”
“This is the book Alphonse searched for!” had to be: “This is the book for which Alphonse searched!”
The wittiest comment on this rule came (allegedly) from Winston Churchill, who said (more or less; no one knows for sure): “That’s the kind of nonsense up with which I will not put.”
Today nobody stays up at night worrying about the placement of their prepositions. But even though this rule, if followed to an extreme, will produce extremely stilted sentences, it’s still worth knowing. Why? Because it can add power to your writing.
1. He’s the man Ambrosia voted for.
2. He’s the man for whom Ambrosia voted.
Obviously #1 sounds more familiar, more relaxed, more . . . colloquial. Why? Because it is. It’s how we speak. And if you want a particular sentence to sound more familiar, relaxed and colloquial, then you should use this syntax (syntax being the technical term for “word placement” or “sentence structure”).
However: Listen closely to the sound of each sentence, and you’ll hear the strength of #2, which tucks the preposition neatly into its middle.
When “for” comes at the end, it creates a “trailing off” effect, a “. . .”ness. Your ear registers the fact that more words could easily be added: “He’s the man Ambrosia voted for on Tuesday after dinner.” In contrast to this, sentence #2 suggests finality, because it ends with the the completed action: “voted.” Period. Done.
Even if the verb were in the present tense -- “for whom Ambrosia votes” -- the sentence still possesses greater decisiveness, because a verb is by nature much, much stronger (more concrete, more vivid, more DEFINITE) than a preposition.
Sentence #2 creates another interesting effect: it places the preposition (“for”) next to the object of the action (“the man”). What does this accomplish? It emphasizes the object. “... the man FOR WHOM ...” The “for whom” reinforces in our ear and in our mind, the word “man.” Whereas in sentence #1 -- “...the man Ambrosia voted...” -- the word “man” is only briefly touched on the way to Ambrosia and the action she took.
So, sentence #2 gives greater emphasis to both the action and the object of the action, leaving us with a sentence in which the three main parts -- the subject, AMBROSIA; the object, THE MAN; the verb, VOTED -- all stand strong.
A preposition is a relationship word, a connective word. By-for-with-at-on-in-against-of-to-around-near-alongside, etc.
A verb is an action word. So the question is: do you want to end your thought (i.e. your sentence) with an action word, or not? Do you want the action, and the object of that action, to stand out more strongly in your reader’s mind?
Yes, doing so will make your sentence sound more formal. But why is that bad?
Not only is it NOT bad, it’s often great. Why? Because in our society writing has become increasingly informal. As a result, a more formal expression stands out, draws our attention, wakes us from the slumber of all that relaxed syntax.
And that’s a conclusion away from which I will not back.
Let’s face it: apostrophes are annoying.
Apostrophes are the flies of writing, necessary to clean up compositional garbage but annoying because they always end up buzzing around our heads.
Despite the fact that I fully understand the use of apostrophes, I often find myself typing “your” when I mean “you’re” and then having to edit:
“Your going to love the movie!” Backspace, insert little mark after “u,” add “e” to end. Say to self: either type slower (“more slowly,” if I’m talking to myself in a grammatically correct way) or don’t forget that you’re saying You Are going to love ...
Here’s the simplest (not the most simplistic -- see earlier post on that) way to get your apostrophes right: remember that the irritating little mark is what allows you to contract two words into one (didn’t=did not; wasn’t=was not). It also allows you to indicate a missing letter or letters, especially in colloquial writing (‘bout time you called! Let’s rock ‘n’ roll).
If not for the apostrophe, you couldn’t say couldn’t, and you couldn’t say “it’s” or “they’re” or “she’s” or “we’re.”
But if you omit them, you end up with sentences like: “Were going but Arnolds staying home.” You were going? Are you still going? And how many Arnolds are staying home?
Before you go, don’t forget the second use of Mr. Apostrophe: to indicate possession.
Is the book in the possession of Diana? Then it is Diana’s book.
Is the car in the possession of the repo man? Then it is the repo man’s car, until you pay up and it once again becomes your (not you’re) car.
DANGER! Do not use apostrophes to pluralize a word.
more than one bird= birds (not “bird’s”)
more than one enema= enemas (not “enema’s”)
Final deep thought on apostrophes:
Can’t live with ‘em, can’t live without ‘em.
VERY is a word we need, but not as much as you may think.
What can you say about a meal that’s better than good but not quite excellent? You can say it’s VERY good.
And how about that time you sprained your ankle while running? “Painful” didn’t really express how you felt. You needed a VERY.
But if you correctly describe the weather as rainy, and I reply, “That’s very true” -- then your language buzzer should be buzzing. A statement can be true or false, but it makes no sense to say it’s VERY true or VERY false.
Sure, in colloquial speech, there’s a reason I might reply, “It’s very true.” It’s a way for me to reaffirm what you’ve told me, a way to agree heartily with you, like saying “It sure is!” or “You’re really right about that!” In that case the language has a social function; it’s a bonding device.
But for prose writing, there are correct and incorrect uses of “very.”
Here are several examples of incorrect VERY’s:
Sheila was very indignant about that.
Herbie is very miserable today.
He is very infatuated with her.
Why are these wrong?
Take a moment to think about the adjectives that are being modified here: indignant, miserable, infatuated. These words convey a state of mind that is already extreme. Indignation is a state of being VERY offended; misery is a state of being VERY unhappy; infatuated is a state of being VERY attracted. So, if you modify these words with “very,” you’re diminishing their inherent force; you’re implying that there are degrees of “indignant” and “miserable” and “infatuated.” But the entire point of words like these is to convey a feeling of extremity, of “there’s nothing greater than this state.”
Is Hyman Collosal’s latest novel superb, or very superb?
Is Felicity Bumpercrop’s voice angelic, or very angelic?
Is Kenneth Kipplemaster's personality unique, or very unique?
I think the appearance of so many misplaced VERY’s today comes from our weak understanding of the words in our vocabulary. If we don’t realize that SUPERB and ANGELIC and UNIQUE refer to extreme states or to qualities, like Truth and Falsehood, that can’t be increased, then we don’t really understand those words.
Am I right? Or am I very right?
The other day an article in the paper quoted someone on Wall Street who said, “We’re literally seeing millions of dollars coming and going” out of a suspicious investment account. If this were true, then we would be viewing long lines of high-denomination bills as they marched in and out of a bank.
What the man meant to say was, “We’re seeing literally millions of dollars coming and going.” If he had said this, we would know that the monetary figure of “millions” is not an exaggeration. He’s adding “literally” in order to tell us: “Hey, I don’t mean merely ‘a lot’ of money, as in ten thousand or a hundred thousand or even half a million - I really am referring to millions of dollars.“
Rule One about the use of “literally” -- be careful where you place it. Put it before the word you intend to modify.
And Rule Two? Remember what “literally” means.
It means “exactly as stated.”
Are you literally dropping dead of fatigue?
If you say, “I’m dropping dead of fatigue,” there’s no problem, because your reader understands that you’re speaking figuratively, not literally. You’re using a figure of speech -- “dropping dead” -- which translates, in this case, into “I’m beat” (which is also a figure of speech, not a literal statement) or “I’m exhausted.”
But if you say, “I’m literally dropping dead of fatigue,” then you’d better be a couple of breaths from your last.
If things are going really well for you, they’re “coming up roses,” but don’t say “things are literally coming up roses.”
You want to describe someone on the brink of potential disaster, and you write: “Jamie was literally praying for her life.” If I read this, I’m going to assume Jamie actually prayed. I’m imagining her on her knees with hands clasped, or muttering supplicatory words under her breath, or something like that. So if you don’t really intend that meaning, don’t make me go to all this trouble. Or I’ll be literally beside myself with irritation, and the last time that happened, I found I had nothing to say to that guy standing next to me pretending to be me.
In this and the next post, I’m going to talk about the single most important element of strong writing: detail.
This rule applies to all prose writers. Whether you’re doing fiction or non-fiction, the better your details the more lively and effective your writing will be.
The two most common types of detail are: personal and situational. Personal detail means just that: the details that identify a person. Situational detail refers to descriptions of places, environments and interactions.
In today’s blog I’ll confine myself to the topic of personal detail. The next one will address situational detail.
A quick, easy way to start thinking about personal detail is to consider yourself. You’re the person you know best (whether you know it or not).
Most of us don’t realize how thoroughly unique we are. We tend to lump ourselves with other kinds of people whom we resemble (or think we resemble) in behavior and outlook. “I’m an extrovert” or “I’m a Democrat” or “I’m a doer” or “I’m a meditative type” or “I’m a family person” or “I go my own way,” etc.
While any of these labels may apply, they don’t tell much about who you are. What does? Every habitual action you do, especially those that may seem so small or unimportant that you’re not aware of them.
How do you discover your personal details? By answering such questions as:
How many physical mannerisms do you have? (Do you bite your nails, pick your fingers, scratch your face, rub your skin, play with your hair, pick your nose, twiddle your fingers, wiggle your toes, hold your torso erect, slump your torso forward, walk fast or slow or with your toes inward or outward, squint your eyes, adjust your glasses, blink a lot, hold your head still, move your head around a lot, look at people when talking to them or look away, shake hands firmly, avoid shaking hands, whistle, hum, sing to yourself, hold your mouth open, keep your mouth closed, hold your jaw tight or relaxed, click your teeth, lick your lips, hold your stomach in, flex your muscles, speak loudly, speak softly,speak with a lot of emotion in your voice, speak in a detached manner, erupt easily into shouting, withdraw easily into silence, cry easily or rarely, have nervous tics involving your eyes, nose, mouth, ears, brow?) The list, as you can see, is virtually endless. And that’s only one category of behavior: physical habits.
If you think about it, though, you could probably extend the list of your physical habits until it encompassed much of your behavior, if only because we are physical beings. We have bodies and must conduct ourselves in the world through bodily movements.
But to extend your observational list, ask yourself pertinent questions about your daily life. What do you do, hour by hour and minute by minute, when you’re at work? When you shop, how do you shop? (Do you love shopping for clothes but hate shopping for groceries? Do you decide quickly what you want or take a long time deciding? Do you concern yourself with your budget while shopping, or momentarily forget about it? Do you love shopping online but hate going to stores?)
Behind every one of your habitual behaviors, there is a mine of information about yourself. Why do you talk on the phone a lot during work? Why do you love food-shopping but hate clothes-shopping? Etc.
Of course, you could also sharpen your powers of observation by focusing on other people, but you have much less access to the complexity of their world. The exercise of self-observation, by its almost limitless specificity (you could devote your life to the task if you wanted the most refined list possible) tells you what kinds of things to look for in describing a person, whether real or fictional. You become like a detective, noticing the details that others overlook.
You can’t write what you don’t observe. The less you observe, the more generic your writing will be. The more you observe, the better you’ll be at bringing a character, real or imagined, to life.
As promised, we’ll now take a look at situational detail -- the specific characteristics of a place, environment or interaction.
Why are travel books always popular? Because they provide DETAILS about places.
Why are pop psychologists who talk about relationships so popular? Because they provide DETAILS of intimate interactions.
We love to learn the details of other places and other lives.
Mostly, we’re interested in the details of situations involving people. The interior decoration of a home piques our curiosity not in itself but for what it tells us about the inhabitants of the home. The same is generally true of the great outdoors, which is why people prefer to see people in travel photos: this isn’t merely the Grand Canyon -- it’s Monique dwarfed by the Grand Canyon. James trying to hug a Giant Redwood has more impact on us than the tree standing alone.
Obviously we have the capacity to be interested in nature photography or landscape paintings as things of beauty, but writers tell stories (whether they’re true stories or fictional) about people. Therefore, the details of a place or a social milieu interest us for what they say about the people in a story. If an interview with a famous person takes place in that person’s garden, we want to know something about the garden. Is it an English garden? A Japanese garden? What does it look like? What kinds of flowers or plants grow there? Is it carefully tended? If so, by whom? A gardener? A spouse? The famous person? These details enhance our picture of the person to whom the garden belongs.
(Remember that the answers to these questions stimulate new questions: how does our interviewee interact with the gardener, and why? Why does the interviewee prefer this particular kind of garden? Did he grow up in a home with a similar one; does it remind him of a place or person from the past? Does he dislike the garden? Maybe it was created by someone else -- a spouse, a parent, a previous owner -- and he lacks either the power or the will to change it? The questions are as abundant as your curiosity, and they all illuminate a particular person and his relationships to other people and to his own past. )
In writing about an actual person, such situational details allow the author to probe, to uncover elements of personality that might not emerge from what the person says about himself. In fictional writing (a novel, short story, play), these kinds of details allow the author to construct a character more fully.
The 19th-century German philosopher Hegel described possessions as extensions of self. How does your garden or your bookcases or the pictures on your walls or your furniture represent you? All these things represent choices; our choices determine who we are.
In the largest environments, those we don’t own -- forests, fields, rivers, oceans, cities -- we want to know only the details that matter to a story about particular people who are interacting with that environment. For every detail about a lake that matters to our story, there are a thousand details that don’t. Our readers don’t need to know the chemical content of the water in the lake, or the dimensions of the lake, or the kinds of detritus floating on the surface, or the variations in water temperature, or the origin of the lake, UNLESS the chemical content or the dimensions or the detritus or the temperature or the origin (could it be man-made?) matter to the story being told.
If it were your obligation to give the most complete description of each environment in which a person or character appears, you’d never finish your book. You might eventually find a place in the Guinness Book of World Records for “Most Exhaustive Description of the New Jersey Turnpike Between Exits 12 and 14,” but you’ll never finish your book.
So let’s conclude by saying: details always matter, but a few details matter a lot more than the rest. Hence the expression, a “telling detail.” That’s what writers seek, those details that “tell” about the people in a story. If they’re not telling, they don’t belong.
Here's the first of a series of posts on the single most important element of prose writing, regardless of whether it’s a play or a novel or a short story or an essay or an editorial or a nonfiction book. That element is FOCUS.
While the most important element of good sentences is CLARITY, the vital ingredient of any writing project is FOCUS. Your book or your play or your story MUST have a focal point.
At the start, you may not know (you probably won’t know) what your focus will be, but at some point you’ll have to determine what it is, because that is the tool with which you’ll craft your writing.
If you’re not sure why you’re writing, you won’t come up with anything worth reading.
Imagine a photograph without a focal point. You’re not sure what you’re looking at, because everything before your eyes is equally fuzzy. Nothing stands out with clarity. You get bored, or you get a headache. The same holds true for writing.
Great writing is intensely focused. Like a sharp photograph, sharp writing invites us to look at a particular subject in detail. If the writing is an editorial, we’re looking at the reasons why we should believe X. If it’s a novel, we’re looking at a main character or a group of characters, or both, in order to see what happens to them. The same with a play. In the case of a nonfiction book, we’re looking at a thesis, a central argument, which gives us a way to understand Human Evolution or the Bible or the Civil War or Democracy or Fascism or Electricity or Cars.
(Yes, there are coffee table books that give us lists or descriptions of things -- the cars of the 1960s; the plants of California -- but that’s not the kind of writing we’re concerned with, because it doesn’t require either craftsmanship or artistry.)
So, in the next few blogs I’ll take up several types of prose writing -- editorials, fiction, plays, essays, and nonfiction books -- in order to illustrate how FOCUS works in each case.
And here’s a good principle to keep in mind: LESS IS MORE.
By focusing your writer’s lens more and more sharply on a subject, you’ll be able to enter into it more and more profoundly -- you’ll be able to see more and thus say more about it.
This is why we call a weakly focused piece of writing “breezy.” It rushes past, barely disturbing us. It stimulates briefly but makes no lasting impression.
Strong writing is never breezy.
Teachers of novel-writing use a technique that also works well for nonfiction. It’s called “Why should I care?”
You can probably guess the point: you don’t want your readers saying “Why should I care?” about your story. If they do, then your book is missing something major. It’s your responsibility as the author to tell a story (whether it’s fictional or true) that entertains or stimulates those who’ve taken the time and paid the money to read it.
If your nonfiction book or essay has a clear and vibrant focal point, you will pass the “Why should I care?” test. People will care because you made them care. How did you do that? By exciting their interest in your topic. How did you do that? By laying out before them a tantalizing map that they’ve never seen before.
Say your topic is the American Civil War. Readers who are likely to read a book about the Civil War probably have some basic knowledge, however rudimentary, about this subject. Furthermore, they certainly have an interest in History, which means they’ve probably read other historical books and thus acquired at least a little historical sophistication along the way. So, they’re going to be bored by a book that gives a 1-2-3 chronicle of events: first this happened, then that happened, then the next thing happened, etcetera ad seemingly infinitum.
What do they want from you? They want something new and exciting. A new way of understanding why the War happened, or how it was won, or why it’s still important to think about. That new way is your focal point, and it might look something like this:
“Until now most students of the Civil War have assumed that X was its primary cause. But that assumption is flawed. In the pages that follow, I aim to prove that Z was the hidden cause of the War. Once we understand the true impact of Z, we can, for the first time, fully appreciate why our political system collapsed in 1861 and what we must guard against in the future.”
This focal point forms a kind of map for the reader: in the first part of our journey, I’ll show you how most people have thought about my subject; in the second part of our journey, I’ll show what’s wrong with that understanding; in the third and longest leg of our trip (i.e. the bulk of my book), I’ll show you a new and better way to understand my subject; in the final stretch, I’ll show you why my approach is important.
As long as the focal point of my book (or essay) is clear and stimulating, my readers will want to take the trip with me, to see how well I do at leading them to a new understanding of a topic, no matter how familiar that topic may be. Because most topics are familiar (they’ve been written about before, probably a lot), my focal point had better be new and different. Otherwise, why would readers want to waste their time with it? They don’t want to read a book or article that repeats or resembles what they’ve read before.
Keep in mind that a nonfiction book isn’t really “proving” its point. It’s not like a geometry proof, airtight and incontestable. When a nonfiction author says he aims to “prove” that Z was the root cause of the Civil War, he means that, like a lawyer in a trial, he’ll try to convince you that his interpretation is the best one. He’ll do this by presenting solid evidence and impressive reasoning about that evidence (if he’s good). After which, you’ll say to yourself: I can hardly imagine how the Civil War could have been caused by anything else! That’s as close as we get to a “proof” in nonfiction writing: a highly persuasive argument. So persuasive, that we feel like it’s the only good explanation around. Case closed.
If your nonfiction book offers a new and fascinating way to look at a subject in which I’m interested, I Will Care. If you make sure to explain to me, right at the start, WHY your focal point is new and fascinating, I Will Definitely Care. I might even buy it.
You may think that only nonfiction requires a focal point and that fiction, by contrast, can be “free form,” following the artistic whim of the novelist.
Well, it can be . . . but generally it isn’t. Generally, the good novelist, like the good nonfiction writer, maps out a very clear path for her characters to follow.
That path may not be immediately apparent to the reader. In fact, unlike nonfiction, a good novel or short story does NOT tell you at the start where it’s headed. But its author knows where the story is going, and she knows with almost mathematical precision. One of the joys of reading a strong novel or short story is the joy of discovery, the “ah-hah!” moment when you see where the story has been heading all along. Fiction writers use the element of surprise to entertain and delight and shock and provoke. That’s why a great story is never predictable (unlike an uninspired “formula story,” which is absolutely predictable).
The “thesis” of a novel, so to speak, is the drama of its protagonist (or protagonists). Will Oliver Twist escape a wretched fate and find happiness? Will Huck Finn face the challenges (especially the moral challenge) of his adventure on the river with his slave companion, Jim? Will Don Quixote (the book which many consider the first novel) attain (or survive) his chivalric goals? In each of these stories, a main character has a clear mission, a profound desire, an overarching goal -- and he must face a series of obstacles in order to fulfill it. That is the focus of these novels; that is their plot.
Whether a work of fiction centers on one main character, or a couple, or a trio, or an entire community, it should perform the same basic function: dramatizing a powerful, high-stakes struggle toward a fundamental goal (love, justice, freedom, survival, etc.)
A great short story is even more demanding of a strong focus. Unlike a novel, which can traverse hundreds of pages and take many detours in the course of its journey, the ideal short story is about one moment. Many writers say that every sentence of a good short story must build to that single moment. There’s no slack, no space to waste.
That’s what focus is all about.
And if I tell you, “when it comes to FOCUS, playwriting follows the same rule as novels and short stories,” you shouldn’t be surprised.
Why? Because in Western civilization plays MADE the rules for creative writing. The novel didn’t emerge until the 17th, 18th, or 19th century (depending on which scholar you’re reading) but playwriting dates back to the ancient Greeks, whose work we continue to revere and stage. More than two thousand years ago, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides laid the foundation of magnificent story-telling. They did this by creating tight, highly dramatic plots in which we follow the struggle of an individual toward a great, often tragic goal.
Is there any confusion about the focus of Oedipus Rex? A gifted king must find the reason for the plague that besets his city, so he sets out, like a detective, to solve the mystery (and learns, to his and our horror, that the solution is: himself). Or what about Antigone? A young woman who feels in the pit of her soul that she must honor her dead brother by giving him a decent burial, even though the State, having branded him a traitor unworthy of burial, will execute anyone who violates that ban.
Such stories as these dramatize a single, universally understood struggle (for Oedipus, the struggle is with himself; for Antigone it’s with the State). Virtually all great plays do the same thing. What does Hamlet want? To avenge his father’s death. What do George and Martha (of “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolff?”) want? To fix an almost tragically destructive marriage.
We understand these desires. They’re universal (the desire for revenge -- to see that evil is punished -- or the desire to fix a broken, intimate relationship, whether between spouses or siblings or friends or parents and children). That’s why, on one level, we continue to write and watch plays about the same basic struggles. The times change, the settings change, but people are still people. Our desires haven’t changed at all, and those desires are the focal points of plays (and, by extension, screenplays -- though these depend more on images than words). Incidentally, though the examples I’ve given here are tragedies or intense dramas, comedies take the same powerful drives (love, retribution, victory, etc.) but spin them toward a different conclusion. (Which is why so many sitcoms revolve around marital or family conflict. It’s a superb focal point.)
Yes, a great play raises all sorts of questions and leaves us thinking about all kinds of things. It may have subplots (i.e. secondary focal points) and a range of characters (each of whom has his own focal desire). But the play itself turns on ONE clear and overriding problem.
Step one for the playwright: determine “What is my play about?” When you come up with one clear answer, expressible in one clear sentence, then you’re ready for the fun (by “fun” I mean, of course, the agony of figuring out how to write the damn thing). | <urn:uuid:f454a043-a305-472a-8ca2-d6d30db3d4dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://andrewheinze.com/writers-blog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.951945 | 14,317 | 2.1875 | 2 |
10 largest cities in France
Rueil-Malmaison is a French commune located in the Hauts-de-Seine department in the Île-de-France region. Until 1928, the town was called Rueil.
Rueil-Malmaison is the largest municipality in Hauts-de-Seine. Established on the left bank of the Seine, it borders on Nanterre, Suresnes, Saint-Cloud, Garches and Vaucresson in the Hauts-de-Seine, La Celle-Saint-Cloud, Bougival, Croissy-sur-Seine and Chatou in the Yvelines.
It has 520 hectares of public green spaces divided between the forest of Malmaison (wood of Saint Cucufa, of which 197 hectares out of 201 hectares are located in Rueil-Malmaison), the natural area of the Gallicourts valley (43 hectares) 2 and the 107 hectares of public green spaces including 37 hectares of parks and squares (including 17 hectares of Bois Préau park).
There are two main axes that cross Rueil-Malmaison:
the A86: it passes in a tunnel under the north-western part of the city, parallel to the Seine, sometimes in the open, sometimes covered. It has several exits in the city, the main one at Jonchère, on the western edge of Rueil-Malmaison.
the D913 (formerly N13, decommissioned since 2006): it starts from La Défense crosses the city by avenue Napoléon-Bonaparte along the city center from the north, Bougival, to head towards Saint-Germain-en-Laye and go west, Chambourcy, etc.
Rueil is the point of arrival of the Blue Promenade, a pedestrian and cycling route starting in Colombes, which follows the old towpath of the Seine for 10 km.
This same path accommodates a long section of the international bicycle-route Avenue verte Paris-London, which arrives from Nanterre and continues at the Pont de Chatou on the opposite bank of the Seine.
The town must eventually be crossed by the major green axis, a cycle path that will link all the municipalities of the department. The town of Rueil-Malmaison has made substantial progress in building this track, in particular on the banks of the Seine and along the rue du Commandant-Jacquot.
The Rueil-Malmaison tourist office publishes a map of cycle routes of municipal interest:
City center / banks of the Seine route by the swimming pool
rue Casanova, place Bir-Hakeim, rue Messire-Aubin, avenue de l'Impératrice-Joséphine, place Osiris, boulevard Marcel-Pourtout, rural road 25 along the A86 on the golf course.
Nanterre / Bougival route along the banks of the Seine
Boulevard Belle-Rive, Quai Adolphe-Giquel, Allée Jacques-Prévert, Rue Henri-Sainte-Claire-Deville, Avenue de Chatou.
RER station / banks of the Seine route
avenue de Seine.
Nanterre / Bougival route by sports facilities (swimming pool, stadium, Jean-Dame sports complex)
rue Nadar, rural roads 22 and 21, boulevard Franklin-Roosevelt, rue des Trianons, rue Isabey, avenue des Chateaupieds, rue Beaumarchais, rue Geneviève-Couturier, impasse du Donjon, rue des Souffrettes, rue du Docteur-Guionis, rue Jean- Baptiste-Besche.
Rueil-sur-Seine / Les Martinets college route via the banks of the Seine
boulevard Belle-Rive, avenue des Acacias, boulevard des Coteaux, rue du Docteur-Charcot, in its part between boulevard des Coteaux and avenue du Stade.
Rueil-Malmaison is connected to the RER network via the Rueil-Malmaison station on the RER A branch in the direction of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (A1).
Numerous bus lines connect Rueil-Malmaison to Paris and the neighboring municipalities, via the Île-de-France bus networks:
14 lines of the RATP network: 141, 144, 158, 163, 241, 244, 258, 259, 263, 367, 459, 467, 563, 564 and 565
1 line of the Seine bus network: B
1 line of the Transdev Nanterre network: 27, 503
1 line of the Hourtoule network: 111
2 lines of the Noctilien network: N53 and N153. | <urn:uuid:1440182b-b2df-418b-9405-0a62184060fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ermakvagus.com/Europe/France/malm.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.765733 | 1,115 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Oil vandals killed dozens at two communities on the outskirts of Lagos last month. Residents fled their homes after soldiers swooped in to quell the crisis. Now most of the residents still haven’t returned and there’s anxiety about the safety of people in the affected areas and the menace of these vandals.
There was some confusion initially about who the attackers were, and where they came from. However, residents who witnessed the incidents told SBM Intelligence that the attackers were Ijaw, and were known for bunkering in the area. They regularly tap oil from the pipelines and they often bribe community police to look the other way. They usually come into these riverine communities by boat and leave the same way, taking the tapped oil with them after selling some to locals.
These vandals often go about their work heavily armed but attack no one if they aren’t disturbed. Some residents say the recent attacks happened because community leaders tipped off soldiers about their activity and this enraged the enraged the vandals.
The soldiers arrested some of them when they intervened and also took away the body of some vandals who were killed. Nothing has since been heard about the body or those arrested.
Youths in the community are gutted that the police and soldiers didn’t forestall the attacks even though they probably knew about these vandals, and many of them have fled. They’re not planning to fight back. They have resigned themselves to the situation. However, soldiers and cops still patrol the communities during the day—although they now do so for fewer hours than before.
The community leaders have written to the government about the matter but there’s been no word yet in response. Meanwhile residents say they haven’t seen anything like this before in their communities. Violent crime happens sometimes, but this is different in terms of the mode of operation and scale of the attacks. | <urn:uuid:3b37ba47-43d1-4c52-90ec-00ea018c3c79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sbmintel.com/2016/07/analysis-what-happened-in-ikorodu/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.985936 | 389 | 1.539063 | 2 |
A couple of years ago, a doctor in a remote town in northern India said he was seeing hundreds of people with anxiety every week.
He was taking blood pressure medications to help people manage their blood pressure.
He was a believer in the effectiveness of these medications.
So he prescribed a blood pressure pill.
The pill was a bit pricey.
But his patient, a 40-year-old man, began feeling like he was gaining weight and was concerned he might develop diabetes.
But he wasn’t worried.
A year later, he was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes.
He had not previously taken a blood test for diabetes.
The doctor prescribed an insulin medication to help him maintain his blood pressure and keep his diabetes under control.
He had a very similar experience to the one I was having with my family.
My daughter, who is in her 20s, also had a Type 1 diabetic condition.
The first pill we bought her was the blood-pressure pill.
She was diagnosed at a very young age.
We have a family history of Type 1 and it’s really difficult to get a diagnosis.
I remember being very nervous.
We didn’t even know if we were getting a bad pill.
I had to do a full blood test and I was very worried about the medication.
I knew that she would probably need to take the pill for the rest of her life.
I’m not the only person to get this type of pill.
People have been on this pill for a long time, even if it was not prescribed for us.
My son has had blood pressure problems since he was a toddler.
He used to ask me, “Mom, can you help me with my blood pressure?”
I think it’s a shame that this pill was not available for a very long time.
When I was pregnant with my daughter, I did not know if the blood test would be accurate and if I could have the medication for her to take.
I think this is a shame because this pill is a very effective tool to manage your blood pressure because it has a really low risk of side effects.
You are getting the medication to control your blood levels and the medication will help you manage your diabetes, and it will help prevent a heart attack.
It was a really big relief for me.
But the next time I had a panic attack, I knew it was time to get another pill.
So I bought a blood-test kit.
I started taking the pill with the kit every time I thought about my daughter.
It has helped me tremendously.
My daughter, now 18, had type 1 diabetes, so I took a blood work test every day and I did the test every time she had a fever, or when she had any symptoms of a heart condition.
And every time the test came back positive, I took the blood medication to get her insulin levels up.
She is now at the age where she can use the blood tests.
She is getting regular blood work and also taking the insulin pill every day.
My son, a 30-year old man, had a stroke a few years ago.
He has been taking medication to manage his blood pressures and he’s now at a stage where he’s taking the medication every day to manage the symptoms.
I had to take it for the first time in the morning when he was having a seizure.
He didn’t want to take any medication because he was afraid of having a stroke.
I remember thinking, “This is really scary.
I don’t want anyone to have a stroke like this.
I’m going to take medication now to control my blood pressures.”
I remember the doctor was so excited because I had such a great reaction to it.
I felt like I was getting the pill at my age and I knew I was going to get the pill.
But I was worried about having diabetes, which is why I had no idea that the pill would help.
When you are in a diabetic state, your blood sugar level is low.
It is like a drug.
You have a lot of risk of developing a heart problem.
So you have to take all the precautions to prevent a stroke and diabetes.
If you have diabetes, you are not going to have the risk of heart attack that you would otherwise have.
The only time you do have that risk is when you are having a heart event or a stroke or if you are under the influence of medication.
The risk of getting a stroke is low because you don’t have diabetes.
You also have a heart valve problem.
You don’t know if you have a valve problem until you have an event like a heart operation or a surgery.
You can have a few strokes and not know that you have valve problems until the valve problem happens.
So, if you don´t have a blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL or above, you probably don´ts have diabetes because your blood glucose is probably above 130 mg /dL. | <urn:uuid:28e0a2e3-3d6f-4fab-92e5-7b42dd26d6d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ajreviewz.com/2021/07/01/what-are-the-blood-pressure-pills-you-should-take-to-treat-your-anxiety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.985413 | 1,065 | 1.945313 | 2 |
1. Classified by chemical structure
Divided into: azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, arylmethane dyes, indigo dyes, sulfur dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, nitro and nitroso dyes, in addition to other structural types of dyes, such as methyl and polymethine dyes , Stilbene dyes and various heterocyclic dyes, etc.
2. Classification by application performance
Divided into: direct dyes, acid dyes, cationic dyes, reactive dyes, insoluble azo dyes, disperse dyes, vat dyes, sulfur dyes, polycondensation dyes, fluorescent brighteners, in addition, there are oxidation dyes used in textiles (such as aniline black ), solvent dyes, polypropylene dyes and food colorings for food.
3. Introduction to various dyes
1). Direct dyes
Structural properties: Direct dyes are a kind of water-soluble anionic dyes. Most of the dye molecules contain sulfonic acid groups, and some have carboxyl groups. The dye molecules and cellulose molecules are combined by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
2). Acid dyes
Structural properties: acid dyes are a type of water-soluble anionic dyes. The dye molecule contains acidic groups such as sulfonic acid group and carboxyl group, which usually exists in the form of sodium salt. In the acid dye bath, it can bond with the amino group in the protein fiber molecule by ionic bond, so it is called acid dye.
3). Cationic dyes
Structural properties: Cationic dyes are soluble in water and are in a cationic state. Early dye molecules have basic groups such as amino groups, often in the form of acid salts.
4). Reactive dyes
Structural properties: reactive dyes are also called reactive dyes. The molecular structure of this type of dye contains active groups, which can covalently bond with the hydroxyl and amino groups in the fiber molecule during dyeing to firmly dye the fiber.
5). Insoluble azo dyes
Structural properties: in the dyeing process, this kind of dyes directly react on the fiber by the diazo component (color base) and the coupling component (chromanol) to form an insoluble lake and dye it. This dye is called an insoluble couple. Nitrogen dye.
6). Disperse dyes
Structure and properties: Disperse dyes are non-ionic dyes with simple structure and extremely low water solubility. They mainly exist as dispersions of tiny particles in the dye bath. The chemical structure of disperse dyes is mainly based on azo and anthraquinones, as well as heterocyclic disperse dyes.
7). Vat dyes
Structural characteristics: Vat dyes are mostly polycyclic aromatic compounds, and their molecular structure does not contain sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic acid groups and other water-soluble groups. Their basic feature is that they contain two or more carbonyl groups in the conjugated double bond system of the molecule, so they can reduce the carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group under the action of sodium hydroxide, and become a soluble hidden in the alkaline aqueous solution. Sodium salt of chromosome.
8). Sulfur dyes
Structural properties: Sulfur dyes are a type of water-insoluble dyes, which are generally prepared by mixing aromatic amines or phenolic compounds with sulfur or sodium polysulfide by heating. This process is called vulcanization.
9). Polycondensation dyes
Structural properties and characteristics: Condensation dyes are a type of dyes that can covalently bond between molecules of the dye itself or with compounds other than fibers during or after dyeing, thereby increasing the molecules. The polycondensation dye molecule contains thiosulfuric acid group (-SSO3Na), which can break off the sulfite from the thiosulfuric acid group under the action of sodium sulfide and sodium polysulfide, and form -S-S between the dye molecules. -Bond, which makes two or more dye molecules bind into an insoluble state and fixed on the fiber.
10). Fluorescent brightener
Structural properties: fluorescent brighteners can be regarded as a kind of colorless dyes. After they are dyed on fiber, paper and other substrates, they can absorb ultraviolet rays and emit blue light, thereby offsetting the excessive yellow light reflection on the fabric. The yellow feeling of the product produces a white and dazzling effect visually. | <urn:uuid:0a234e6d-16b3-4bfd-862a-d8049ef03ebe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tiankunchemical.com/Classification-of-various-dyes-id3286439.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.905895 | 1,007 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits