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We recognise that working with children or adults with a rare condition like albinism can be challenging. You may only ever meet one patient with albinism in your career and while your training may have covered low vision generally, it is not possible for all conditions to be covered.
We have additional information available for general health professionals (GP’s, nurses, support workers), allied health professionals, low vision specialists and NDIS planners on the condition including indications of albinism, diagnosis, prognosis, recent discoveries in types of albinism, purpose/methods of genetic testing and the major effects of low vision on daily living.
Medical specialists (including ophthalmologists, optometrists, orthoptists, dermatologists, paediatricians and geneticists) who require specific information, can contact us in order to connect with a professional of your speciality who has experience with albinism.
Those with albinism have the same chances of good health and mental capacity as the general population with the condition permanently affecting vision, while most also have sun sensitive skin. The exceptions to this are the even rarer albinism-related syndromes including Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS), Chediak-Higashi Syndrome and Griscelli Syndrome, which can result in severe medical conditions. Genetic testing should be undertaken where these are suspected.
While albino is the commonly known term, most with the condition prefer it to be called albinism – they are a person first and albinism is only a small part of them. With simple accomodations and the use of assistive technology, people with albinism can expect to live normal lives, be educated, part of communities, have a job or career and raise a family.
Please use the form below to contact us, stating your profession and your query or requirements. If you prefer you can call 1300 22 16 19. | <urn:uuid:764b5267-470e-4398-910d-1dc68a6d3769> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://albinismaustralia.org/for-health-professionals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.937977 | 397 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The mission of the Council on Aging Computer Learning Center is to provide older adults education and access to computer technologies and social media, to enhance their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom. The Computer Learning Center is located on the second floor of the Rose Baker Senior Center at 6 Manuel F. Lewis Street.
Ongoing sessions as requested, and include Digital Photography and Digital Photo Club, are facilitated by volunteers who are devoted to the success of the program, offering many hours sharing their knowledge of computers, at the senior center and for many community involvements. Sessions are ongoing and now include Using Your iPhone, Using Your iPad, Using your Android Phone, Using your Android Tablet, Intro to Apple Mac Computers, Facebook and Twitter, Introduction to PCs and Windows 10, Windows 10 and Internet. One-on-one computer, tablet and cell phone help is also available. Other courses are also available.
For more information about the Computer Training Program, please contact the Rose Baker Senior Center at (978) 325-5800. | <urn:uuid:18defc82-deea-46b4-ab75-32ce5d03bb43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gloucester-ma.gov/529/Computer-Training-Program | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.933321 | 212 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Young adults with disabilities often need complex care because of extensive health care conditions that may limit communications, mobility, or require special medical equipment and transportation. This presents a tough challenge for physicians, caregivers, and families.
When the opportunity was available to offer the COVID-19 vaccine to patients with disabilities on Saturday, Mar. 6, employees across our practice worked together to offer a convenient drive-thru service at the UTHealth Vaccine Hub. Holly D. Volek-Smith, MD, internal medicine-pediatrics physician, and Ebony W. Beaudoin, MD, pediatrician, were on-site to help with the effort.
“Some patients require medical transport and we wanted to limit their exposure due to their fragility,” said Volek-Smith, who’s also an associate professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at McGovern Medical School at UTHealth. “This drive-thru effort was perfect and offered an enhanced level of care for our patients.”
Patients, caregivers, and their families arrived at a designated area that allowed for easy access and observation of patients who received the vaccine. Julie C. Eapen, MD, pediatrician and Tomika S. Harris, DNP, from UT Physicians High Risk Children’s Clinic, were also there to observe and support the vaccination event.
Kimberly Seals, who has a daughter with cerebral palsy (CP), praised the effort and was thankful doctors were so involved with their care. Seal’s daughter, Aleisha Mouton, has been a patient of UT Physicians’ CHOSEN team for 22 years, since she was three years old. The CHOSEN staff cares for patients with severe disabilities, as
well as complex medical and social needs. They also have a multidisciplinary team that helps with case management services to help families access other services such as physical, occupational and speech therapy, transportation, home health services, etc. Mouton was born premature at 23 weeks and weighed only 1 pound, 7 ounces. In addition to CP, Mouton also has a seizure disorder, a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, is legally blind, and on a ventilator.
“They (CHOSEN team) make sure we have everything we need, from wheelchairs to ventilators,” said Seals. “I’ve never had a bad experience. They bring my stress level down from a ten to a one.”
Seals advises others to look for health care providers who are invested in the total managed care, not just someone who only treats a specific condition.
Children with disabilities, especially those with severe disabilities, may need dedicated home health services. April Raymond is thankful for the physicians with the CHOSEN team and compliments the experience her and her daughter, Kelasha “Keke” Spencer, have received. Spencer, who has CP and is developmentally delayed, has a dedicated home health nurse that visits daily to provide routine care. For these young adults, continuing their health care services with the pediatric team is essential for the continuity of complex care.
“It’s been really stressful at times so I am grateful for Dr. Volek-Smith and the care she and others have provided,” said Raymond.
Contributing to the effort, Healthcare Transformation Initiatives (HTI), a department within UT Physicians that focuses on increasing quality and access to primary and specialty care services such as this, worked alongside the CHOSEN and the pediatric high risk teams to ensure logistical hurdles were addressed.
“I am thankful we were able to come together to develop this creative solution and service for our patients,” said Yen-Chi Le, PhD, director of innovation and evaluation at HTI. “This creates a truly wonderful experience and helps ensure UT Physicians’ commitment to health equity. We want COVID-19 vaccines to be accessible to the entire community.” | <urn:uuid:1e362409-d782-4e88-880e-f53b6e08f9ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.utphysicians.com/covid-19-vaccination-effort-for-patients-with-disabilities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.974296 | 828 | 1.960938 | 2 |
One of the most common things people are looking for when they apply for credit cards or loans is a good credit score. Although many people are interested in the idea of better credit scores, the methods used to generate those scores may be flawed. In this article, we’ll take a look at how AI-powered technology is creating an even higher level of accuracy in credit ratings.
What is a credit score?
A credit score is a numerical representation of an individual’s credit history. It is used to assess the likelihood that a person will repay debts. The three major credit bureaus in North America, Equifax, TransUnion, and Experian, each assign credit scores to individuals. Each company assigns a unique numerical value to a person’s score which ranges from 300 to 850 points.
A credit score is a three-digit number that represents your creditworthiness. It estimates how likely you are to make payments on time, how many credit inquiries you have made in the past and even whether or not you’ve been sued or declared bankrupt.
How does it work?
A new credit score is a score that provides an indicator of a person’s financial health. It is determined by analyzing the person’s spending patterns and compares them to other people who also have credit scores. Credit scores account for 36% of lending decisions according to the Federal Reserve, with annual spending rates being a major factor in determining how high or low a person’s credit score is.
The new credit score is a new way to measure your financial trustworthiness and it’s linked to your social security number. There are three components to the score: repayment history, length of credit history, and the amount of debt owed. The scoring system is developed by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) in order to help consumers who have been turned down for loans.
What is the history of credit scores?
Credit scores have been around for a while and they have undergone continuous changes. They are used in many different ways, including credit card issuers, employers, insurers, auto dealerships, landlords and lenders. However, the most important use of credit scores is to help people get better access to loans and other considerations that people need to live their lives with some financial security.
The first credit score was created in 1917 by the American Banking Association. It was designed to help banks determine how much risk they would be taking on or whether to invest in new credit offerings. However, the purpose of the score was never clearly defined and has changed significantly over time. The scores were given numerical values and assigned labels such as excellent, good, fair, or poor.
The Future of Credit Scores
Credit scores have long been key to the financial lives of many people. They are used to get credit cards, loans, insurance, and more. But with time, the way in which we work out our credit score has changed. The new credit scoring model is called FICO 9. This model looks at a person’s delinquencies and past payments as well as their income and employment status.
Credit scores were created in the 1970s and could be summarized as follows: if you pay your bills on time and don’t go over your credit limit, you’re a good person. But the problem with this is that people who are having financial problems may not have all of their bills paid on time and might take out more than they should considering their income. To correct this, FICO recently introduced a new credit score in an effort to measure how much risk someone takes when it comes to paying their bills.
By adopting the principles of financial planning and investing early, you can greatly limit your chances of damaging your credit score. There are a number of things that you need to do to help avoid the risk of debt.
This post is about a credit score, which is a personalized measure of a person’s financial health. Credit scores are important because they help lenders determine whether or not to offer you a loan. The bottom line is that your credit score can be used as a predictor for how likely you are to become delinquent on your debts. | <urn:uuid:2be7f492-0f67-4db1-bc05-b2ada3e46d0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.retireeaonatt.com/h/how-can-i-get-a-home-loan-with-bad-credit.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.975417 | 854 | 3 | 3 |
All of us swapped out reports at each of our items and start mentioned one of our childhood friends. This individual inform me additionally that a new comparatively group of one of our kinds by now quit to look for greener pastures worldwide. A new attended the middle Far east in order to adhere to the woman’s engineering work, towards the Europe or to the Americas since healthcare professionals, but most individuals always been in america. A new currently got wedded, many are not really however have already youngsters. Lots of people are but unemployed and accept remittances from other the parent active global. We want the particular there may be 48 hr from the evening and so i may possibly stretch extended to accomplish my generator.
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The mountains Link granted their very last Roadless Space Availability Principle ten era prior to side of the Clinton Govt at January 2001. Though the substantial podium of paths, the nation’s Woodland Podium has around 60.5 million massive areas associated with inventoried roadless places, approximately 1 / 3 of all https://canoevasion.fr/ the Federal government Woodland Platform international locations. Do Connection landscape and begin fuel manager tactics prevent course building at 10.5 million miles in the complete. Course creating is prohibited with an other 42.several thousand estate involving congressionally chosen regions for example wasteland areas and commence untamed and initiate beautiful supply passages.
With Come july 1st 2004, the forest Interconnection branded a new advised concept to manipulate a new employer regarding inventoried roadless areas. Regardless of whether taken on, a new recommended principle does up-date a Roadless Theory granted in the Clinton Federal government having a process pursuant that the state regulator may document a new application within the Associate of Farming to create manager rules with regard to inventoried roadless locations inside national forested acres residing in the condition. A new governor will have just fourteen months within the progressive time regarding a final concept to launch any request. Any order placed timetabled on the Primary the ability to sign option commercial, revival, and begin wood producing with inventoried roadless areas until the revise of a great LRMP seeks the safety and also other charge of below locations. As well as, a new purchases necessary that Neighborhood Foresters screen proposed wood human resources at roadless areas to learn if you should urge that they be approved with the Major. The organization started an alternative investment–Uncommon Two–underneath the Davidson Federal government at 1977.
According to the Woodland Interconnection, any nationwide reduction was more people assertion a new long-starting dialogue through the specific handle of roadless areas inside the federal government forested acres. Any Clinton Administration’s Forest Link carried out a few endeavours the influenced the handle of roadless areas inside federal woodlands. Original, the business regarded what type of game titles to allow at roadless regions. Minute, it does evaluated their own means of the building and begin control of paths in the Federal Forest Program. 3 rd, it does modified the mountains Relationship landscape and start gas employer contemplating procedure. The mountains Relationship tried right here a few related attempts practically the two.
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Additionally, the mountains Relationship got started introducing any Roadless Principle. Consequently, the forest Interconnection granted meantime admin orders that have been supposed, among other things, to fund line authorities better potential in determining the effective use of any strategies analysis method. The modern interim pointing long gone these kinds of requirements regarding unroaded areas and begin happy the lake Connection within the blanket work for offering a great EIS pertaining to route boss games proposed with inventoried roadless places.
As proposed over, the forest Link provides considerable discretion if you need to way boss guidelines regarding the national woodlands. Usually, your amusement provides longer for the control of the aspects of the national woodlands the become qualified as roadless locations. Statutes for instance MUSYA and begin NFMA carry on and vision teams of-use supervisor, the system who’s prompted a new the courtroom to pay for considerable submission to the Do Link as their own landscape and start fuel employer selections have been confronted. See how to avoid of their complying, it is extremely hard to calculate at the trust the particular a new changes a new New world Govt goes into on the Woodland Service’s specialist to manage roadless regions can be reach off of in the courtroom. | <urn:uuid:c3277290-afa0-4791-8bdd-c1f614f137db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bastianinicarnelutti.com/2021/08/16/two-locomotives-airline-https-canoevasion-fr-flight-at-paired-instructions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.922553 | 1,222 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Dane County's emergency notification system consists of multiple components. Recognizing that no one application can provide warning to all citizens, we take a systematic approach capitalizing on the advantages of using multiple components. Information on options available to you can be found under the "Emergency Alerts" drop down at the top of this page.
The National Weather Service issues all severe weather alerts. The National Weather Service uses the terms “Watch” and “Warning.” Knowing the difference is very important.
A "Watch" is issued when conditions are favorable for the development of severe weather. Take a severe weather watch seriously! Even though severe weather may not be imminent, watches are issued to give you a heads-up that weather conditions may be changing rapidly. Be aware of your surroundings and be prepared to act quickly if/when conditions warrant. When a severe weather watch is issued, it should also serve as reminder for you to confirm that your method of receiving severe weather warnings is functioning. This includes smart phone apps, a NOAA weather radio, and/or local broadcast media.
A "Warning" is issued when severe weather is occurring or is imminent. National Weather Service meteorologists use information from weather radar as well as a network of trained weather spotters to issue severe weather warnings. For example, a Tornado Warning means either the National Weather Service’s Doppler radar is detecting wind circulation that could produce a tornado or trained weather spotters have actually sighted a tornado or specific indicators of a tornado. You should take immediate steps to protect yourself and loved ones when any severe weather warning is issued.
Following significant storm events, people may report that the storm hit “with no warning.” While tragic, this is very rarely the case. Almost all major storm events are preceded by a watch issued hours in advance, and a warning issued when dangerous weather is imminent.
The warning system can only be effective if you actually receive the information and take appropriate action. The Dane County Notification System offers several options for receiving severe weather alerts and we recommend that you take advantage of as many of them as possible.
No single severe weather alerting method is perfect; plan to receive alerts from multiple sources. Relying on a single alerting source risks missing a warning if that single source fails. Taking a systematic approach by receiving information from more than one source ensures you are much more likely to receive the warning if one source fails.
Consider the following to assure that you are able to receive severe weather warning information in a timely manner:
Please contact Dane County Emergency Management if you have any questions about the County's notification system or would like additional information on available options. | <urn:uuid:9489d207-ffc1-4957-a82d-8a61eac6bffb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://em.countyofdane.com/notification-system | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.944438 | 540 | 2.890625 | 3 |
For some individuals, leaving their homes is a challenge. Uncontrollable thoughts of terror and impending disaster forces them to hide in their apartment, dorm or house. These behaviors are often the sign of a more significant mental health condition – social anxiety and/or a panic disorder.
Understanding Social Anxiety:
When individuals are apprehensive about meeting new people, they are often seen as shy. Low level, everyday anxiety is experienced by everyone at some point in their life. But, a social anxiety disorder is more than just being severely shy or an introvert.
Social anxiety disorders, or social phobias, are often characterized as an intense and persistent fear of judgment by other people. Due to these fears, people with this condition will avoid social situations. In severe cases, these negative feelings will impact an individual’s everyday activities and make it difficult to maintain daily routines such as school or work.
This disorder is considered one type of an anxiety disorder. The condition creates a sense of dread in nearly all social or public situations. Some examples include, public speaking, talking to their boss, meeting new people, etc. Typically, people with a social phobia feel that they are going to be humiliated and/or rejected by other people. These fears can even extend to having a fear of using public restrooms or eating out in a restaurant.
Nearly everyone can occasionally experience nervousness or stage fright. At other times, people might just want some quality alone time. A social phobia creates more intense and longer-term emotions. The sense of dread that is triggered by a social anxiety disorder is so strong, that individuals are unable to attend public meetings or other social situations. These behaviors and symptoms will persistent over many months or even years.
Here are a few signs that may indicate that a person has a social anxiety disorder:
- A sense of terror when interacting with strangers.
- Fear that their body’s functions will create embarrassment (voice quality, sweating, trembling, etc.).
- Intense fears that an individual will be judged, embarrassed or humiliated.
- Purposely avoiding situations where they are the center of attention.
- Assuming that a social situation will lead to a negative outcome and experience.
Understanding Panic Disorders:
Some people may not realize that a panic disorder is actually a type of anxiety disorder. The typical signs of this disorder are the onset of panic attacks. During these occurrences, people will experience abrupt and intense feelings of fear; even though there is no danger or immediate threats. Panic attacks can also cause people to feel like they are losing control of their life and actions.
Some physical signs of a panic attack include:
- Profuse sweating for no visible reason.
- A tingling feeling or sense of numbness in the hands.
- Sudden onset of breathing difficulties.
- A rapid heartbeat for no visible reason.
- Suddenly experiencing hot flashes or cold chills
The occurrence of panic disorders are more frequently diagnosed in women, with early symptoms appearing during early adulthood. The attacks that are produced from this disorder can occur at any time and without warning.
Practicing relaxation techniques and other mindfulness exercises can help to reduce the amount and severity of these attacks. However, treatment from a licensed and experienced mental provider may be required. A skilled therapist can help individuals spot and change the way they think. By being aware of their cognitive thought process, people can take control of their thoughts versus having their thoughts take control of them. In other cases, talk therapy may be combined with prescription medications.
When people are suffering from either social anxiety or panic disorders, they may resort to self-medication in order to treat these intense feelings. People will naturally seek a remedy for their problem and alcohol and drugs can provide some short-term relief. The use of these substances allows people to temporarily escape from their symptoms.
However, these chemical substances will create their own set up problems by setting a person up for addiction. If people develop an addiction while trying to treat their mental health conditions on their own, they will now have comorbid conditions. When this occurs, it is even more important to seek professional help from an experienced behavioral health practitioner.
The best advice for people with anxiety disorders is to seek help. Sometimes social stigmas surrounding psychiatric and mental health services in general stops people from getting the help they need. The use of telehealth (telepsychiatry) communication technology provides individuals with anxiety disorders the ability to start therapy from the comfort of their own home.
Friends and family can help by providing support during this process. It is important for everyone to understand that people are not simply defined by their mental health condition.
The best advice is to seek treatment from a licensed mental health practitioner who is familiar with treating anxiety disorders. Recovery from these conditions does not occur overnight, but obtaining help from a behavioral health professional is a step in the right direction.
Who We Are:
The successful treatment of anxiety disorders is one of the specialties at Emerald Psychiatry & TMS Center. They understand that they are here to serve the needs and concerns of their patients. Their behavioral and mental health practice is located near Columbus, Ohio in the town of Dublin.
#DepressionTreatments #EmeraldPsychiatry #OhioPsychiarty #MentalHealth #ColumbusTMS #DublinTMS #WestervilleTMS #OhioPsychiarty #TMS #ColumbusDepressionTreatment #Telepsychiatry #ColumbusAddictionTherapy
Contributor: ABCS RCM
Significant mental health condition, social anxiety, panic disorder, social phobias, feelings | <urn:uuid:0060f1e5-959d-4a62-a350-eb6023224a80> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://emeraldpsychiatry.com/understanding-social-anxiety-and-panic-disorders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.951245 | 1,153 | 3.65625 | 4 |
National Grid has launched a new website – www.beforeyoudig.nationalgrid.com – to help prevent contractors and developers from hitting or striking through gas distribution and transmission pipes and electricity cables.
The new site is free to register and open to all contractors, consultants and developers, providing registered users with a fast and accurate interactive mapping service within minutes so that they can accurately mark up a work area to avoid all of National Grid’s under and over-ground assets.
Currently National Grid makes a substantial number of claims a year against construction and property companies for the repair of its assets that have been accidently damaged, resulting in significant costs to the property industry.
Once registered, users simply have to complete a short, pre-defined form that details what work is being undertaken and use an interactive map to specify the exact location the work is taking place. The site then automatically provides downloads of detailed maps and drawings for all of the National Grid assets in the vicinity of the site, with scaled asset location maps.
Most importantly it provides advice on how to proceed efficiently and safely and tailored guidance appropriate to the specific activities being undertaken.
Mandy Bates, National Grid’s plant protection manager, explained: “Accidental damage to our pipes and cables can cause loss of life and damage to property.
This new site is easy and effective for everyone to use and aims to eliminate the risk of accidental damage to our assets. Ideally the service should be used by all contractors and consultants right through from planning to undertaking work on site.”
For more information: www.beforeyoudig.nationalgrid.com | <urn:uuid:a97318e8-80fa-49d2-bd02-953ea04ebe1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scottishenergynews.com/national-grid-launches-free-quick-check-website-to-help-property-developers-and-contractors-prevent-accidental-damage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.916829 | 330 | 1.882813 | 2 |
The trade by Paul Pelosi was executed on July 26, when he sold 25,000 shares at an average price of $165.05 per share, for a total loss of $341,365.
Last week, it was disclosed that Paul Pelosi had exercised call options for as much as $5 million worth of Nvidia stock ahead of deliberations in Congress about a bill that would boost the U.S. semiconductor industry.
The semiconductor bill, called the CHIPS-Plus Act or the Chips for America Act, continues to clear key procedural hurdles in the Senate and the House. The bill aims to provide grants, tax credits and other incentives for companies to manufacture semiconductors in the U.S.
It’s important to note that Nvidia designs its own chips, but hires other companies to manufacture them. So it doesn’t appear likely that Nvidia will directly receive benefits from subsidies related to this congressional bill.
Federal law mandates that members of Congress file reports within 45 days after they or their spouses buy or sell stocks with a value greater than $1,000.
The office of Speaker Pelosi did not immediately respond to MarketWatch’s request for comment on this story.
In July, the Democratic speaker of the House said that her husband has “absolutely not” made any stock trades based on information from her.
On July 22, Speaker Pelosi was also asked about her husband exercising call options on Nvidia during a roundtable event about semiconductor chips.
“The timing is that a long time ago, my husband bought — we’re from San Francisco in the Silicon Valley area, so he had been following technology for a very long time,” she said. “These were options that were purchased a long time ago. You asked me about time — that came to now. That’s the timing.”
“The Speaker does not own any stocks,” Nancy Pelosi’s spokesman, Drew Hammill, said in a statement to Fox Business about the stock purchase last week. “As you can see from the required disclosures, with which the Speaker fully cooperates, these transactions are marked ‘SP’ for Spouse. The Speaker has no prior knowledge or subsequent involvement in any transactions.”
Some Republican and Democratic legislators have said they would be willing to ban members of Congress from buying and selling individual stocks, but there is not a lot of time before Congress takes its August recess for such a move.
Semiconductors are used in automobiles, phones, computers and many other popular consumer items, and the U.S. relies heavily on foreign countries for a large portion of its semiconductors. The U.S. global share of semiconductor production has dropped from 37% to 12% over the past three decades, according to the AP.
Paul Pelosi, 82, a businessman and private investor, also made headlines recently after being charged with driving under the influence in connection with a May 28 car crash in Northern California’s Napa County, where the Pelosis reportedly have a second home. | <urn:uuid:eb12eb80-b665-4696-8bd6-c7b132f26cde> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cncbnews.com/business/nancy-pelosis-husband-sells-4-million-worth-of-nvidia-stock-at-a-major-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.975236 | 632 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Whether you’re thinking of purchasing a home and believe it may have a mold problem, or you’re noticing signs that your own home may have mold after an issue like flooding or water damage, a mold test from a qualified home inspector is essential.
Mold testing allows you to check for potentially harmful mold, such as black mold, which can hide inside walls and in damp areas, and often go undetected for months or years. Learn more below, and see why mold testing is so important.
What Is Mold Testing, And How Does It Work?
There are a few different types of mold testing, and they all work in a slightly different way. Air testing may be used to collect spores from the air in your home.
In other cases, a sample of an area where you suspect there may be mold might be removed, and sent in for lab testing. Other methods of mold testing include tape samples and swab samples, which are used to collect spores from a surface suspected of harboring mold. A home inspector will be able to help you understand which option is right for you.
Regardless of the method used to collect samples, your samples will be sent to a laboratory where they can be examined closely to detect the presence of even the smallest mold spores, ensuring that the test is as thorough and comprehensive as possible.
What Are The Signs That I Need Mold Testing?
Mold testing is only necessary if you think that your home may have mold, but are not sure where it is. If you already see visible signs of mold, like patches on your walls, you don’t need testing – because you already have a mold problem.
Instead, mold testing is usually recommended if:
- You smell mold or mildew in a home and cannot determine its origin
- You believe the home may have moisture issues due to issues like water leaks, improperly built bathrooms, or flooding
- Your indoor air quality is poor, causing symptoms like shortness of breath, itchiness, watery eyes, or a sore throat
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The St Joseph’s School curriculum is based on the New Zealand Curriculum Document, whose vision is for students to be confident, connected, actively involved, lifelong learners. English, Mathematics, Science, Social Sciences, Health and Physical Education, Technology, the Arts and Digital Technologies are integrated where possible. Woven through our curriculum is the Religious Education Curriculum. See Education in Faith.
In building the lifelong learning capacity of students at St Joseph’s School we recognise the importance of the Key Competencies within our School Curriculum. Key Competencies (Managing Self, Participating & Contributing, Thinking, Using Language, Text and Symbols , and Relating to Others) enrich the learning experiences of the students as well strengthen understandings fore-mostly of Religious Education, and then subsequently all of the other Learning Areas.
We acknowledge the Treaty of Waitangi and the bicultural foundations of Aotearoa New Zealand. All students have the opportunity to acquire knowledge of tikanga and Te Reo Maori .
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Guardian of Deceit by William H Coles is literary fiction narrated in a fun, humorous, and engaging voice – the story of Darwin Hastings who flies to New York from Pittsburgh to live with his cousin, Luther Pinnelli, the football star. He has dreams of studying medicine after his graduation from a private school. He lived with his aunt after the death of his parents, but now she is unable to provide for him. Moving to New York is supposed to make things easier for him, but his cocky and selfish cousin makes his life a living hell, having him sleep in the storeroom and blocking access to his inheritance. In this story, Darwin uses his intelligence and his ability to charm people to win some friends and set himself up for success. Can he finally get what is rightfully his and achieve his goals in life?
I was hooked from the very beginning of the narrative when I met the protagonist on his flight as he engaged in a very funny conversation with an eccentric old woman who believes that football is a sexist kind of sport and a medical professional who is laid-back and interesting. William H Coles writes about ordinary situations but infuses them with life and humor while showing readers how his characters evolve through the narrative. His gift for exquisite prose and well-crafted, natural dialogues is among the ingredients that enrich this story. The author establishes relationships with characters that deepen the conflict and allow the protagonist to shape himself into a character that readers want to stick with. Themes of family, romance, inheritance, and the pursuit of a dream are skillfully developed in this narrative. Guardian of Deceit is an exciting, balanced, and well-crafted story that keeps the reader riveted. Highly recommended for fans of literary fiction. | <urn:uuid:c23c4d88-ebfa-412c-b9e7-5477ac87b56f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.storyinliteraryfiction.com/review/reviewed-by-romuald-dzemo-for-readers-favorite-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.986655 | 353 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Jun 28, 2018 Creepy Carnivorous Plants Actually Make Great Houseplants spring water contain a lot of minerals that your little meat-eater won't appreciate. You can certainly feed it any flies or other insects you happen to
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balm , garden balm , sweet balm , beebalm , Melissa officinalis , herb , herbaceous plant ; ( noun ) : ( noun ) : clerid beetle , clerid; Synonyms of " bee eater" ( noun ) : robber fly , dipterous insect , two - winged insects , dipteran , dipteron. Sunshine the pond (CAPS): Grade 5: Reader : Animal Eaters of the Pond Waters (Scheduled): Waters where fly Invasive species, both plants They are easy to notice, even before seeing them, as they emit a deep droning noise when flying between flowers. Habitat.
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|Year : 2012 | Volume
| Issue : 4 | Page : 331-334
A patient of chronic myelogenous leukemia developing painful rash on feet
P Kumar1, NK Das2, A Sil3, P Chakrabarti4
1 Department of Dermatology, Katihar Medical College and Hospital, Katihar, Bihar, India
2 Department of Dermatology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
3 Department of Pharmacology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
4 Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
|Date of Web Publication||4-Jan-2013|
Department of Dermatology, Katihar Medical College and Hospital, Katihar, Bihar
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
|How to cite this article:|
Kumar P, Das N K, Sil A, Chakrabarti P. A patient of chronic myelogenous leukemia developing painful rash on feet. J Postgrad Med 2012;58:331-4
Hand foot disease (HFD), also known as palmoplantar erythrodysaesthesia (PPE), is a distinctive cutaneous adverse drug reaction to certain chemotherapeutic agents. 5-Fluorouracil by infusion, capecitabine, cytarabine, docetaxel, and doxorubicin are the commonly implicated agents. Here, we are reporting a case of PPE in a patient receiving imatinib mesylate. PPE due to imatinib mesylate has been reported rarely; however, PPE due to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors are more common.
A 29-year-old man, while being evaluated for spleenomegaly, showed leukocytosis on peripheral blood (28.15 × 109/L) with normal hemoglobin (13.6 g/dL), and normal platelet count (397 × 109/L). A differential count revealed a shift to the left (Neutrophil 40%, Lymphocyte 10%, Monocyte 4%, Eosinophil 4%, Basophil 6, % Myelocyte, 18%, and Metamyelocyte 18%). His provisional diagnosis was chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), which was subsequently confirmed by the presence of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome [Ph+ t (9;22) (q34;q11)] in 100% of the cells in metaphase. The patient belonged to economically under-privileged section of the society and could not afford costly drugs; hence he was initiated on cytoreduction with hydroxyurea (Hydrea®, Sarabhai Piramal Pharmaceuticals Limited, India 500 mg 3 caps once daily). Subsequently, he got access to imatinib mesylate (Glivec®, Novartis, India) 400 mg once daily free of cost through Glivec® International Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP). While on therapy, he developed painful erythema over palms and soles, which started with pain in feet while walking and pain in the hands while holding objects. Soon, he developed a few vesicles and presented to us. There was no history of application of/ contact with any irritant substance(s). On examination, palms and soles were edematous and erythematous. Few bullae also were noticed, some of which had ulcerated. Periungual area and sides of hands and feet also were involved with eczematous lesions [Figure 1]. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), id reaction, pompholyx, and PPE (HFD) were considered as differential diagnosis. Histopathology taken from pustule revealed full thickness necrosis of epidermis. There was an edema and mixed infiltration (mostly lymphocytes with few eosinophils and neutrophils) around blood vessels in upper dermis [Figure 2]. Based on the clinical presentation and histopathology findings, our case was diagnosed as Hand Foot disease due to imatinib mesylate.
|Figure 1: (a,b) Presence of scaly plaques and pustules over palm and sole. (c,d) Note involvement of periungual area|
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|Figure 2: (a) Full thickness epidermal necrosis with mixed inflammatory infiltrate in upper dermis (H & E stain x40). (b,c) Full thickness epidermal necrosis- close up|
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Imatinib mesylate was discontinued for 2 weeks, and the patient showed some improvement. The patient was treated with a short course of corticosteroids (prednisolone 1 mg/ kg) for 2 weeks along with topical clobetasol propionate, and all the lesions healed without any sequelae. As the patient could not afford alternative medicine (Dasatinib, a second generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor), and the fact that dasatinib being a tyrosine kinase inhibitor may also be associated with PPE (HFD), the decision of starting imatinib mesylate at a lower dose was made after discussion with the patient and with the treating physician. Imatinib was started at 100 mg once daily and gradually built-up to 300 mg once daily with occasional exacerbations (2 episodes since then). [Figure 3] These exacerbations, though severe, were not life-threatening and hence were managed with short course of systemic prednisolone and topical clobetasol propionate.
|Figure 3: (a,b,c) Recurrence of lesions. (b) Note severe involvement of foot (c) as compared to hand|
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The causality association was established by Naranjo scale and WHO-UMC criteria. The Naranjo scale showed a score of >9, which places the case in the category of "definite ADR."According to the WHO-UMC criteria, the case qualifies in the "probable" causality category.The severity assessment of the case, as per Modified Hartwig Severity Scale, showed it to be of "moderate" (Level 3) severity.
On further follow-up, he achieved complete cytogenetic response (no Ph chromosome positive cells on karyotyping) at 12 months but failed to achieve a major molecular response (BCR ABL transcript greater than 0.1%) at 18 months. He could not be shifted to a second line tyrosine kinase inhibitor for financial reasons as already stated. Dose escalation of imatinib mesylate (to 600 mg/day) was not possible because of PPE (HFD). Because he had achieved a complete cytogenetic response with imatinib mesylate which correlated with overall survival in CML, our intent was to continue imatinib mesylate at least at a dose of 300 mg/day. Patient is still in complete hematological response and has not lost his cytogenetic response either.
PPE (HFD) is a distinctive cutaneous reaction and is clinically characterized by painful symmetric erythema of palm and sole. A prodrome of dysesthesia, usually tingling sensation or burning sensation, is usually noticed. Apart from classical presentation, various other clinical presentations are well-known. Some patients may present with fine desquamation with or without erythema. A bullous variant has been described, specifically associated with cytarabine and methotrexate. Rarely, patients may present with painful hyperkeratotic areas on pressure points, surrounded by rings of erythema and edema. Non-white patients have presented with progressive hyperpigmentation of palm, sole and rarely, entire body. PPE seems to be dose-dependent. The exact pathogenesis is not known; however, it is postulated that these drugs are excreted in the sweat from the eccrine sweat glands, which are numerous on palms and soles. The diagnosis is mainly clinical. Histopathology may be helpful in atypical cases. The common histopathological findings are interface dermatitis with a cell-poor infiltrate and a variable degree of epidermal necrosis. PPE is usually managed by wound care, cold compresses, emollients, elevation of extremities, and analgesics. Potent topical steroids have been used with variable success. Pyridoxine in a dose of 100-300 mg per day is very effective in treating and preventing PPE. More severe cases may require systemic corticosteroid and dose modification of agent (dose reduction or increase in dosing interval).
Our case had the lesions of bullous PPE, which is a very rare and severe PPE. Similar bullous lesions may be seen in other common disorders like pompholyx and irritant contact dermatitis. Hence, recognition of various presentations of PPE is very important as it can be a dose limiting adverse effect or may necessitate the discontinuation of implicated agent altogether in severe cases. In our case, the patient tolerated the bouts of exacerbation (which were managed with corticosteroids) and continued the medicine albeit at a lower dose.
| :: Acknowledgment|| |
Prof. (Dr.) Pijush Kanti Datta, HOD Dermatology, Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata. Authors would love to thank him for his valuable inputs in review of histopathology slides.
| :: References|| |
|1.||Nagore E, Insa A, Sanmartín A. Antineoplastic therapy-induced palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia (′Hand-Foot′) syndrome incidence, recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2000;1:225-34. |
|2.||Battistella M, Frémont G, Vignon-Pennamen MD, Gornet JM, Dubertret L, Viguier M. Imatinib-induced hand-foot syndrome in a patient with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Arch Dermatol 2008;144:1400-2. |
|3.||Amitay-Laish I, Stemmer SM, Lacouture ME. Adverse cutaneous reactions secondary to tyrosine kinase inhibitors including imatinib mesylate, nilotinib and dasatinib. Dermatol Ther 2011;24:386-95. |
|4.||Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, Sandor P, Ruiz I, Roberts EA, et al. A method of estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981;30:239-45. |
|5.||The use of the WHO-UMC system for standardized case causality assessment [monograph on the Internet]. Uppsala: The Uppsala Monitoring Centre; 2005. Available from: http://www.who-umc.org/graphics/4409.pdf |
|6.||Hartwig SC, Siegel J, Schneider PJ. Preventability and severity assessment in reporting adverse drug reactions. Am J Hosp Pharm 1992;49:2229-32. |
|7.||de Lavallade H, Apperley JF, Khorashad JS, Milojkovic D, Reid AG, Bua M, et al. Imatinib for newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: Incidence of sustained responses in an intention-to-treat analysis. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:3358-63. |
|8.||Saif MW, Elkify AA. Identifying and treating fluoropyrimidine-associated Hand-and-Foot syndrome in white and non-white patients. J Support Oncol 2007;5:337-43. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]
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|[Pubmed] | [DOI]| | <urn:uuid:f85c3f95-515b-4619-8fe3-eb47596a7c22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2012;volume=58;issue=4;spage=331;epage=334;aulast=Kumar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.906287 | 2,759 | 1.578125 | 2 |
The referendum on UK’s membership in the EU has been a vote against the EU but also against the British elite. Protest votes have to be taken seriously, but might not always be logic. Those campaigning in favour of the Brexit make things more difficult for those who already felt alienated without offering them any relief.
There are some very British elements in this vote. The referendum unveiled how divided the British society is with a severe leadership problem in both major parties, which leaves the country without clear direction. The vote also mirrors the historic distance to the continent. Britons always had a different concept of the European Union than most of the other members.
…and so is Europe
But most of the European countries face the same problem, the rise of populist movements and parties are a clear warning. Europeans were at the forefront of globalisation. We successfully organised free markets, where goods and services can be traded without barriers. However globalisation does not only produce winners. Those who feel left behind cast a protest vote against those who they perceive as harvesting the fruits of the global business.
The lack of economic and social inclusion is only one side of the problem. Tearing down borders also push people to move in their search for better opportunities be it only for the purpose of survival. In consequence, rising migration increases the stress Europeans are exposed to. It offers a breeding ground to populists to engage in identity politics and trigger xenophobic and racist tendencies.
Populism has become part of the political landscape in almost all European countries. They run almost fact-free campaigns and bluntly lie to the public. Populist pretend to be “the people”, giving a voice to those who feel neglected. At the same time they are exclusive: the notion of “we are the people” becomes “we are the one and only people”. Populist groupings deny the pluralism which is a core element of modern democracies. Thus they are undemocratic from the outset. The fact that they use direct democratic procedures such as referenda makes them look attractive to a large part of the electorate.
The European crisis
The European Union was founded to overcome nationalism, which destroyed Europe twice in the last century. Economic and institutional integration were supposed to prevent European from solving conflicts with arms. Many dreamed to overcome the nation state at all.
Building Europe and its institutions was always an incremental process. Intense deliberations and compromise were the characteristics of the European process. Accommodating everybody kept Europeans together, but the results do not always look attractive. The European institutions are not the result of a grand design but of endless negotiations.
Member States always were reluctant to transfer sovereignty to Brussels. The EU became a unique mixture of a federation of states and a federal state.
Thus it is no surprise that many Europeans are unhappy with the results. The claim that the EU is undemocratic is simply wrong. But for many the decision making process is opaque, arrangements little comprehensible. So why does e.g. the biggest political group in the European Parliament not take the position of the presidency? A democratic arrangement with more checks and balances would be beneficiary for the institutions and the European constituency.
The aloofness of the Member States to hand over competencies creates severe output problems on European level. To give an example: the Dublin agreement made Member States responsible for border control and the handling of the migration system. The system was working only in good times and collapsed during last year’s refugee crisis. Only by this year head of states decided to handle border control and security as a common challenge which should be dealt with jointly between Member States and the EU. The EU institutions are often confronted with demands to solve problems, finding themselves ill-equipped in terms of competences, funds and personnel.
Communication is key in politics. The EU has a severe disadvantage in this matter: there is no motivation for national politicians to positively assess European affairs. If things go well, you better do not talk about it, but if things go bad all blame goes to Brussels. Over the years Europeans developed the bad habit to make the EU a scapegoat for all sort of political problems and describe a caricature of an overreaching bureaucracy that is meddling in people’s affairs.
Good bye Britannia
The British have voted. Whatever needs to be criticized about referenda in general and the campaign in particular, the vote was democratic and has to be accepted by all Europeans. We will miss the pragmatic, liberal and cosmopolitan element Britons contributed to the EU. Others such as Germany and France are bound to take on the burden of leadership. It will be in the best interest of all Europeans to organise a fair and pragmatic divorce. The United Kingdom will leave the EU but not Europe.
What future for Europe?
Members of the Brussels community are used to make the best of each crisis. Again we hear calls for “United States of Europe”. Ideas such as to enlarge the Euro zone or to exclude national parliaments from a vote in the trade deal CETA show that some in Brussels did not yet understand the message. These claims ignore the profound reservations in the nation states. Simply “more Europe” is not convincing for most Europeans. What we need is a “smarter Europe”.
Europe has achieved a lot in terms of security, the rule of law,prosperity and freedom. But Europe still has to deliver on a series of key promises.
So far most efforts to stimulate growth and create jobs were not very successful. The unemployment of young Spaniards or Greeks is first and foremost a national problem. But the increasing split between the South and the North of Europe is a challenge for all Europeans. The increasing heterogeneity in standards of living not only puts at risk the nation states. A better economic, fiscal and social cooperation is essential. Transfers are part of European solidarity in the enlightened self-interest of all of us. But the focus should be on innovation, education and investment in public infrastructure. The challenges in the energy sector and the need to transform our economy to mitigate and to cope with climate change offer enormous possibilities for a more resilient Europe. Otherwise the Euro crisis will be back rather sooner than later.
The refugee and migration crisis triggered populism in many countries. Europe as a community has the means to deal with this crisis. The commission has made interesting policy proposals on this important matter. Member States need to realize that solidarity is not a one way street, but a common burden sharing.
Part of the refugee and migration problem is that we for too long have ignored what is happening beyond our borders. In the globalised world we have to deal with these problems in time. If we do not contribute to solving these problems, they come to us. European Foreign and Security policy will not become easier once the UK will have left the EU and thus we should seek for cooperation. The High representative just has published a “Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy” (EUGS) should not remain an academic exercise but must be the start for a serious public debate and political actions. | <urn:uuid:3c0bc1d0-ce36-41a2-9a7f-266744f0763b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eu.boell.org/en/2016/06/30/brexit-united-kingdom-divided | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.958266 | 1,452 | 2.5 | 2 |
Topic Clusters For SEO – Simplified
Today I am talking about topic clusters for SEO! Otherwise known as “content clusters,” and it is HANDS DOWN one of my favorite SEO content marketing tips because it is so SIMPLE, yet so effective.
Picture this. You’ve been churning out amazing content for your business or side hustle, but it’s not really doing anything. Or, you’ve created A TON of content for your blog and website, but it seems to be all over the place and you’re having a hard time thinking about what to write next (or even what the heck you’ve written about in the past)!
Does this sound familiar? Enter content clusters!
Content clusters are basically several pieces of content on your website that are linked together by a primary topic pillar. Everything is thematically related and interconnected and helps to establish YOUR website as the ultimate authority on your topic pillar.
Let’s say that you run a fitness coaching business. Your overarching pillar is fitness & wellness. You should have one or two long form pieces of content focused on your primary pillar. From there, using the content cluster model, you could create several pieces of content around the following:
- Food/Meal Planning
- Fitness Gear
Then, underneath each of those content cluster topics, you can add additional content. The possibilities are endless, and the best part is, they all relate back to your topic pillar of fitness and wellness.
So How Do Content Clusters Actually Help Your SEO?
Now that you know what content clusters are, how the heck do they help your SEO? Answer – a lot of ways!
Content clusters can help:
- Inform your keyword research
- Help you rank for broad terms
- Simplify interlinking
- Help search engines understand your website better
Use Content Clusters to Identify Keywords
When you’re trying to figure out what topics to write about, content clusters can help lead the way! Low search volume terms are great to target in your content clusters, because they are easier for you to rank on initially, and they help support your content pillar, which then helps support your rankings on broader terms like “fitness coach for moms.” Pretty cool, right?
Content clusters also make interlinking across your site simple. When you have a lot of pieces of content that are all related in an overarching way, linking across posts suddenly becomes really intuitive. Interlinking is also really important for SEO because it help search engines understand:
- The relationship between the pages.
- The value of the pages.
- The relevance of the pages.
And all of those things help your site rank better!
How Google Sees You
And finally, content clusters make it really clear to users and search engines what your site is about. When someone comes to your site and sees all of the posts about workouts, gear and meal planning, they will immediately know that you’re a fitness and wellness expert.
Over time, your website will rank for broader industry terms like we mentioned above. Even better, your target audience will know exactly what your site is about when they get there, enhancing your user-experience, which is also great for SEO!
I hope this post was useful! Questions? Feel free to reach out. I would love to hear from you! | <urn:uuid:38c77ca1-7f40-48c2-aea1-f242e9829cb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ninagibson.co/2021/06/04/how-to-use-topic-clusters-for-seo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.92944 | 712 | 1.609375 | 2 |
- Security TWENTY
- Women in Security Awards
Among the access control industry’s latest developments, gesture-based technology is particularly exciting, writes Spencer Marshall, pictured, Regional Sales Manager Northern Europe, HID Global.
Just as mouse technology was a disruptive innovation that revolutionised the computer interface, gesture-based technology will change how users interact with access control systems. We are already seeing the impact of gesture technology in gaming and further developments are underway in the interactive TV market, where users are able to swipe through on-screen TV and game console menus by gesturing in the air from the couch. Now, with increasing demand for more innovative security solutions capable of countering new inside and outsider threats, the access control industry looks set to experience a similar transformation.
With a simple user-defined wave of the hand or other gesture, individuals will be able to control a variety of RFID devices. This will improve user experience while increasing security by providing new authentication factors that go beyond something the cardholder “has” (the card) to include a gesture-based version of something the cardholder “knows” (like a password or personal identification number).
Gesture-based access control works with smartphones in a mobile access control environment, where it will be possible to use both two- and three-dimensional gestures by leveraging a smartphone’s built-in accelerometer. Thanks to this feature, it senses movement and gravity, and in doing so can tell which way the screen is being held. This allows for a novel way of adding another authentication factor to the existing authentication scheme. A user could present the phone to a reader, rotate it 90 degrees to the right, and then return it to the original position in order for the credential inside the phone to be read, and for access to be granted.
Using a gesture as an identity authentication factor will increase speed and security, minimising the possibility of a rogue device surreptitiously stealing the user’s credential in a “bump and clone” attack. It is important to create awareness of how this technology can be utilised by organisations to maximise protection from incoming threats, Gestures could be used to unlock apps, to lock and unlock doors as an alternative to mechanical keys, and to secretly signal the system and security personnel when entry is occurring under duress.
Mobile access control will be rolled out in stages. In the first deployment phase, smartphones will receive digital keys that the users can then present to door readers in the same way they present today’s ID cards or badges. In the future, the phone’s on-board computing power and built-in network connectivity will be used to perform most tasks that today are jointly executed by card readers and servers or panels in traditional access control systems. This includes verifying identity with rules such as whether the access request is within a permitted time and, using the phone’s GPS capability, whether the person is actually standing at the door. Information is checked against cloud data, and the phone sends a trusted message over a cryptographically secure communication channel to open the door.
With this model, mobile devices (rather than an access control system) become the access decision-makers, and doors (rather than cards) become the ID badges. This paradigm reversal, will change how access control solutions are offered. Organisations will no longer need intelligent readers connected to back-end servers through physical cabling – just stand-alone electronic locks that can recognise a mobile device’s encrypted “open” command and operate under a set of access rules. This will dramatically reduce access control deployment costs, enabling organisations to begin securing interior doors, filing cabinets, storage units and other areas where it has been prohibitively expensive to install a traditional wired infrastructure.
Access control technologies continue to advance security and convenience while bringing new capabilities such as gestures that will be used for multi-factor authentication. As access control capabilities move beyond plastic cards to smartphones, users will be able to carry all of their ID credentials on an item they rarely lose or forget. This next-generation access control will drive new opportunities to more economic solutions that protect even more doors, drawers and other assets, while also enabling new services like authenticating documents, anywhere, anytime, by using the technology intrinsic to a mobile phone. | <urn:uuid:101d850b-1adf-4601-ba4f-f3006b3a975a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.professionalsecurity.co.uk/products/access-control/future-of-access-a-wave-of-the-hand/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.91521 | 911 | 2.375 | 2 |
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The crispiest, most flavorful roast potatoes you'll ever make. Large chunks of potato maximize the contrast between exterior and interior. Parboiling the potatoes in alkaline water breaks down their surfaces, creating tons of starchy slurry for added surface area and crunch. Infusing the oil with garlic and herbs gives the potato crust extra flavor. | <urn:uuid:0aa97c31-8b41-408a-a2c4-e018ae6701dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://za.pinterest.com/kandacesingh4/recipes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.860252 | 96 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Life on their own terms
Life on their own terms
The women who came for the Eleventh Punjabi Conference helped to knock down stereotypes about women in Pakistan. A report by
Interaction with the 150-member delegation from the neighbouring Punjab in the Eleventh World Punjabi Conference brought forth the realisation that if people are persistent enough, their collective will can prevail over their respective governments to try and end the chasm separating them. Besides usual platitudes mouthed at such conferences, the guests bared their hearts and emerged vulnerable. The gathering at the conference was a true representation of the assortment that makes up our societies. Men and women, old and young, rural and urban, artists and rationalists, we had everyone here. Talking to a few women was an eyeopener.
While remaining fiercely possessive about their identity, they displayed as much love for Punjabiyat as any true-blue Punjabi this side of the border would. They are as curious about us as we were about their way of life. In the end, it is apparent that we share more or less the same burdens and enjoy the same bounties.
Any queries regarding the status of the fair sex in their nation seemed to ruffle their feathers quite a bit. They asserted, repeatedly, that women in their country are no better or worse off than their counterparts here. Their claims may seem contrary to the stereotypical image of women living in an Islamic country. Winds of change are blowing across Pakistan too and empowerment has assumed concrete dimensions. A progressive inclination on the part of the women has a lot to do with this transformation. Interacting with writer and columnist Afzal Tauseef is interesting. Besides many novels to her credit, Tauseef writes columns for both the Urdu Khabren and the Punjabi publication Khabran. Blunt and forthright , she is a living symbol of emancipation for other women of her country. Though the focus of her writing remains the havoc created by the Partition of Punjab, she dwells equally on other issues that affect the women of her country. She sounds a note of caution amidst the overwhelming bonhomie and says, "We have to work upon this. Do not be afraid to show your mood. Let us force Islamabad to listen and you must force Delhi to lend an ear and Insha Allah no Punjabi may be barred from visiting the land of his forefathers." Talking about the anguish she suffered during her first journey from Pakistan to Delhi via Amritsar, she narrates how for eight long hours of the night, she remained glued to the window in pitch dark merely to catch a glimpse of the Indian Punjab, the land she was separated from.
Neelma Naheed Durrani, Senior Superintendent of Police(SSP), Special Branch, Lahore, is another visitor who symbolises the winds of change. Brushing aside our surprise at her occupying this essentially male domain, she insists that she is here in her capacity as a poet. The emotional upheaval she is undergoing is apparent to all.
This is the land of her ancestors and while she talks to us she keeps rubbing her arms to subside the goosepimples that arise. She belongs to Shareefpura Mohalla in Amritsar. The words are barely out of her mouth when another delegate, Bushra Rehman, pounces upon her and reminds her that since Durrani was born in Pakistan she should `belong` to Pakistan alone. A trifle jarring indeed. Perhaps, it is the politician in her which does not allow her to overlook this geographically `incorrect` statement but recovers quickly to turn the whole thing into a joke.
Bushra Rehman is a Member National Assembly from Lahore. A novelist, columnist and dramatist, Rehman has been dabbling in politics since the last 20 years. She vociferously states that women enjoy a prestigious place in Pakistani society and seems bitter about the depiction of Pakistani women in the Indian Press. When she starts the conversation with, "My dear Indian Press," one cannot help wincing at the cynicism. She repeatedly stresses that women get equal, if not better, facilities than the men in Pakistan. However, all rancour vanishes the moment she starts reciting Punjabi couplets. The familiarity of the thought process as portrayed in her poetry seems to bind everyone together again.
The phone bell shrills out late at night, startling Megha out of a deep slumber. Her heart thumping, she reaches out for the phone and mumbles "Hello...." A sultry male voice flows over the line: "Hi! How are you?"
"I’m fine. Who is this?"
"Someone who is crazy about you," the voice purrs. Megha is jolted out of her sleep now.
"Please, don’t put the phone down`85let me just tell you a little bit about myself."
"Who are you and where did you get my phone number from?"
"I saw you in the Sector 8 market and followed you home. Then I just called up the Inquiry and got your phone number. You are so wonderful. I had to talk to you. Please, can we be friends?"
"Listen, I’m just not interested. Don’t call again." Megha slams the phone and puts it off the hook. The next night, the phone rings again.
"Can I call you Doll? How was your day?"
"Shrieks an exasperated Megha. "Will you stop calling? Who the hell are you anyway?"
"I’m Harry Sidhu, tell me about yourself Doll. I want to know everything about you."
Says Megha, "I couldn’t put the phone off the hook because I have an old mother-in-law and a mother for whom I must be available at all times. This man followed me around telling me what I was wearing that day and he liked me in this outfit... it was scary. He knew where I lived, where I went and when I returned home. He professed undying (read obsessive) love for me. That I have two children did not seem to deter him"
In another incident, a stalker victimised Renu, who worked in a cosmetic outlet, on her mobile phone. "Actually, it was not the stalker himself but his stooge whose phone was being used," says Renu. "This man got my number from another girl who worked in the same place. He started calling at any time and saying the weirdest of things. His name and address were traced. My uncle went and met his wife and when the calls didn’t stop even then, lodged a complaint in the police. We faced a lot of pressure to take the complaint back. Finally, a compromise was reached but I had to change my job and mobile number."
Among students too, stalking is common. Most likely, students of the same institution who will do the victimising. There is no awareness about the dangers such situations might present. The first thing for a victim is to realise that she is the victim of a crime. Unfortunately, the victim may encourage the stalker either by getting into conversation with him "just for kicks" or "agreeing to talk to him just one more time"
"Sometimes the victim starts empathising with the stalker. His obsession gives her an ego trip by making her feel desirable." says Sangeeta Mathur, a Delhi-based psychologist. The stalker, in fact, is not a reasonable human being. Just the fact that stalking—an unreasonable activity by itself—is taking place, illustrates this fact. The only way to handle a stalker is to say ‘no’ once and for all. Conversation only fuels the stalker’s fire.
"It’s really impossible to talk sense to a stalker and you can’t get into the poor-chap-he-loves-me syndrome," says Mathur. "You may mean to say one thing but he hears only what he wants to. If you say ‘I am so much older than you’, he’ll hear, ‘she’s concerned about our age difference. But if older men can have relationships with younger women, why can’t the opposite happen?’ If you say, ‘It can’t work out’, he’ll hear, ‘Together we can make it work’. If you say, ‘Look, I’m just not interested’, he’ll hear, ‘she’ll want me again in a few hours.’ The only way out is a firm negative without any compromises or options.
A stalker cannot tolerate being ignored. If the victim’s love is not forthcoming, he’ll settle for her hatred or fear. Stalkers who have been in intimate relationships (husbands, lovers) with their victims have their self-esteem wrapped up in the myth that their former partner still cares for them. Giving up his victim thus translates into surrendering his self-worth. They’ll choose any means to gain their victim’s attention. Hollywood star Halle Berry’s former lover sent her snakes in the mail.
Delusional stalkers are those who believe themselves to be in a relationship with a celebrity or a person, probably belonging to a higher social strata. They even turn violent. Instances of criminal violence among stalkers would include the stalker-murderers, Robert Bardo who killed Rebecca Schaefer and Mark David Chapman, who killed John Lennon.
Erotomaniac stalkers labour under the delusion that the victim loves him. They may not have met the victim but still believe that they are having a relationship with him/her. The stalkers of David Letterman and Madonna are examples.
Then there are those stalkers whose motive is revenge. These maybe disgruntled employees or former intimate partners. The former may stalk their bosses or colleagues for some real or imagined insult, while the latter do so if ex-partners get married for the second time.
(Some names have been changed on request).
From Amritsar to Lucknow to Mumbai, 21-year-old Aditi Sharma is all set to realise her childhood dream of becoming a star.
Shahira Naim reports
Twentyone-year-old Aditi Sharma suddenly finds herself under the arc-lights. The just- out- of- college young woman entered the Zee TVs talent search ‘India’s Best Cinestar ki Khoj’ from Lucknow in June just for fun. Her perseverance saw her through from one elimination round to another. Winning the final round by a hair’s breadth recently in Mumbai was no cakewalk. She has become an instant celebrity. The reward was an on-the-spot mahurat clap by Hrithik Roshan to star in a Rs 20-crore film Race to be directed by Sudhir Mishra of Chameli fame. Few know that the Lucknow girl has very close connections with Amritsar.
Born at Prem Rai’s Nursing Home, Amritsar, Aditi has deep faith in Babaji, whose photograph she always keeps. Her mother Anila Sharma reveals that just before the final rounds when the organisers gave the contestants a break to go home for Divali, her daughter went to Amritsar to matha tekko at the Harmandar Sahib to seek Babaji’s blessings. "And see what Babaji has given us," remarks an overjoyed mother.
It was in Amritsar when she was a class II student of DAV School, Lawrence Road, that Aditi first confessed her ambition to become an actor. When asked to write a paragraph about what she wanted to become when she grew up, the barely seven-year old child wrote that she wanted to become an actor, earn pots of money and open a school and a hospital. "The essay was displayed on the main school board", recalls a proud Anila. The charity was perhaps to help out her parents – a doctor father and a schoolteacher mother.
Her father who had studied medicine from Punjab worked in the urology department of Amritsar Medical College. After completing her primary schooling in Amritsar, Aditi moved with her family to Jagdishpur, 80 km from Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh, where Dr Sharma is now the Chief Medical Officer at Aditya Birla’s Indo-Gulf Fertilisers and her mother teaches at the factory school.
For the father Aditi winning the prestigious contest was a relief as she is "now set" upon a career. "My elder daughter is in the final year medicine and I always wondered what Aditi will decide to do," informed Dr Sharma, who frankly admitted to have never noticed any inclination in his daughter for her chosen career in acting. "It is only recently that my wife informed me that Aditi was keen on taking up acting as a career and had applied at the Pune Film Institute". She had cleared the written test but could not appear for the interview as it had clashed with the Zee contest.
An above average student of commerce, Aditi has just completed B.Com honours from Delhi University’s Venkateshwara College. Her grandmother brings an envelope containing her admission ticket for the CAT entrance, which she would probably never need to take as a glorious film career unfolds before her.
Virtually on cloud nine, Aditi would be
visiting Lucknow next week to pay a quick visit to her grandparents,
teachers at City Motessori school and friends at Jagdishpur before she
returns to inaugurate a diamond exhibition at the Taj in Mumbai later
this month. Another must do on her list is to pay obeisance at the
Golden Temple to thank Babaji for her success. | <urn:uuid:009b6aec-8a89-4adf-b649-bdbb0144da31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041212/women.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.974634 | 2,975 | 2.125 | 2 |
Despair to hope. Fear to knowledge.
Which is it? (Choose one.)
- There is no cure. There won’t be one. AIDS has become “cancerized.” AIDS activists are dead, burned-out or bored. Families and friends have convinced themselves of their own helplessness, feeding the hopelessness felt by people with AIDS. AIDS groups are marked by dissent and despair. Too much of the fight against AIDS is driven by greed, ego and power.
- People with AIDS are living longer and healthier lives. More treatments are available today. A vaccine is around the corner. New treatments are coming online soon. AIDS researchers work selflessly for long hours. AIDS activism has helped drive the campaign for reform of the health care system. Astounding individual stories of courage, compassion and commitment abound.
- A lot of both.
Hope and despair. Excitement and depression. Greed and generosity. Anger and gratitude. Fear and courage. That about sums up AIDS, doesn’t it? But it is not that black-and-white. The fight against AIDS has been made of thousands of small steps forward and thousands of small steps backward. POZ intends to be one of the steps forward, to provide a better understanding of the disease and its impact on our society.
POZ will cover AIDS from the eyes of everyone affected by the disease, including families, friends, neighbors, coworkers and caregivers of persons who are HIV positive. Anyone impacted by AIDS will benefit from POZ.
Through POZ, we hope to shed light on the policies, people and practical issues involved with AIDS and, in the process, help people with AIDS lead longer and healthier lives. In my view, for a newly diagnosed person with AIDS, information is a more important first step than any pill, potion or prayer.
Thank you for joining us with this inaugural issue. We look forward to your comments, ideas and involvement as we continue to shape POZ editorially.
—Sean O’Brien Strub
POZ, Day One
The human touch
When Sean Strub asked me to join him in helping create his vision of a magazine that could simultaneously provoke, inform and entertain in the vast arena that is AIDS, I knew that I would forever be changed as an editor. What I did not fully expect, however, was to be changed as a person as well. I am a better person, a more compassionate person, a more knowledgeable person because of POZ.
There are many who unselfishly gave of their time, expertise and counsel along the way. Most of those people appear in our magazine’s masthead as POZ editors, writers, artists and staff. All of the editorial contributors have gone far and beyond the call of duty when it came to helping us. I will always be grateful to these talented individuals.
Others who have been invaluable in the creation of POZ include so many friends who have helped us in a million different ways: Greg Calejo, Terry Zarikian, Patti Escoto, Joe Pena, Clifford Finn, Shirley Brooks, Andy Bernstein, Geoffrey Blatt, Jim Long, Charlie Cinnamon, Mirna Ramiro Hernández, Michael Grumet, Katie Kahn, Greg Tiplady, Roberto Posada, Glenn Albin, Janice Lusky and, of course, H. Richard García.
I am proud to be a part of something so important, so necessary and, ultimately, so very human. | <urn:uuid:e6e200c1-c97f-4c06-8f4f-b1c2d7a865ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.poz.com/article/dear-reader-sean-strub | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.952734 | 746 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The Giver of Stars, by Jojo Moyes
Published by Penguin, 23rd July 2020 (first published on 3rd October 2019)
Genres: Historical fiction, romance, books about books
Trigger warnings: domestic violence, racism
When Alice marries a glamourous American and journeys back home with him from England, she expects to start a new life, completely different from her previous limited, stifled and regulated existence. She imagines romance, freedom, adventure and excitement. In truth, her life does not take the direction she expected, but she does discover all of these things and many more. For Alice joins the Packhorse Library, a group of local women who ride out to the most remote homes in the area, delivering books on loan from their library.
The library will change Alice’s life, as well as Alice herself.
A book about books, and the importance that reading can play in peoples’ lives, as well as strong empowered women and beautiful landscapes!? Yes, YES, yes please, a hundred times yes. No hesitation!
This is a beautiful book. I love the characters, the strong bonds of friendship forged between very different women. The strengths that the women discover within themselves when they are allowed to have their own voices and opinions.
The packhorse libraries were a real project, created in rural Kentucky in the 1930s when over 30% of the population was illiterate and a great many people had no access to public libraries. This initiative helped many people learn to read, and also opened up a lot of new possibilities and opportunities for them. The librarians would not only cross very difficult terrain, in any weather, to deliver books, they also taught people to read and often read aloud to families.
I love the idea of the packhouse libraries, and this initiative was brought to life so beautifully in this book. It does not take a very imaginative reader to believe the mistrust and even fear with which the librarians were first faced. Especially in a very god-fearing region where most people only read the Bible, if they could read at all. I love the development of the story and the relationships between the librarians and the local community.
A truly wonderful book, one of my favourites so far this year, and I could not recommend it enough.
My rating: 5/5 | <urn:uuid:b5c99a8e-e763-4629-927e-441d426bcf27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://bookwormbeyondborders.com/the-giver-of-stars-by-jojo-moyes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.973092 | 496 | 1.867188 | 2 |
- Written by webmin
Of the many unusual and innovative vehicles on display at the first Symposium on Low Pollution Power Systems Development in 1973 in Ann Arbor, Michigan,it appeared that just three were functional enough to provide rides around the parking lot for the besuited attendees. While two of those three came from General Motors, the third, the Exide Battery Sundancer, came from a former race wrench who built some of the most powerful American cars to compete in professional racing and had by then already been profiled in the February 1972 issue of Mechanix Illustrated.
Though the article states that Bob McKee’s Sundancer (here called the McKee Mark 16 Electric Commuter) came about when the business of building endurance race cars – including the Howmet TX and the Hemi McKee – began to dry up in the late 1960s, McKee said he was actually rather busy at the time. Instead, the idea for the Sundancer came directly from Exide executives, who called up McKee in about 1968 and asked him to build them an electric car, presumably to allow Exide to sell more batteries. Building on his race car fabrication experience, McKee hit upon the idea of using a backbone chassis in an electric car not only for strength and simplicity, but also as a place to store the heavy battery pack. As McKee argued in his 1972 patent application for the design of the car (3,983,952), the backbone design results in a low center of gravity as well as a low profile for reduced wind resistance, the latter important for extending the range of the car. And by loading the batteries onto a slide-out tray, maintenance is made simple and drained batteries can then be easily swapped out for freshly charged batteries.
As for the car itself, McKee applied for a design patent (D224,649) on the shape of the car in 1970, simplifying it and reducing its weight by eliminating the doors and going with a two-piece fiberglass body designed by Michael Williams. The chassis uses four-wheel independent suspension, rack-and-pinion steering, and a steering wheel that swings out of the way to facilitate getting in and out of the car. According to the MI article, the 72hp 8hp electric motor came from Tork-Link in Culver City, California, and drove the wheels through a belt-and-pulley system with an infinite array of gear ratios, similar to DAF’s CVT. (The belt-and-pulley system was only used on one of the three cars McKee built; the other two used a conventional two-speed transmission.) The McKee was good for a 100-mile range at 30 MPH and a 62 MPH top speed. McCahill deemed it the world’s first practical electric car, though, in his old age, he must’ve forgotten the Baker Electric, Detroit Electric, and the host of other electric cars that once provided everyday transportation.
McKee said he built three Sundancers, two for Exide and one for himself – the car featured in the Mechanix Illustrated article above. Exide took the cars up to Chrysler and let the Chrysler engineering staff crawl all over them, but with gas so cheap then, neither Chrysler nor any other major manufacturer showed any serious interest in the car. Ray Caldwell of Autodynamics did purchase one of the Sundancers with intentions to produce the car, but nothing ever came of that. McKee said one of the cars ended up being donated to Princeton, and he believes one still exists in Florida.
McKee Engineering ended up building about 20 different electric cars over the years, including the backbone-chassis 1978 Endura, built for Globe-Union Battery, and an electric Hyundai Sonata. In the early 1990s, he even worked with Chrysler on developing an electric minivan, work which placed his name on a couple more patents. Though he’s no longer involved in building electric cars today, McKee said he keeps busy at his Chicagoland shop building hot rods and restoring his old race cars. | <urn:uuid:a384eb5f-87a9-45d4-b5f1-9198a4209295> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dfwelitetoymuseum.com/going-electric-in-the-age-of-cheap-gas-the-mckee-built-sundancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.969397 | 836 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Place: 4421 Sterling Hall, Coffee and cookies 3:30 PM, Talk begins 3:45 PM
Speaker: Esteban Araya, Western Illinois
Abstract: High-mass stars are responsible for some of the most spectacular astronomical objects such as supernova remnants and stellar mass black holes. High-mass stars form in giant molecular clouds, generate copious amounts of ionizing photons responsible for the development of HII regions, and drive ionized jets and massive molecular outflows that contribute to the dissipation of their natal clouds. Highlights of a multi-scale effort by our group to investigate jets and outflows in high-mass star forming regions will be presented. A central component of our work has been student involvement in the search and characterization of atomic and molecular tracers of jets, outflows and the expansion of ionized gas at microwave frequencies. In particular, we are studying molecular masers as tracers of dynamic phenomena in high-mass star forming regions, including long-term variability and periodic flares, which could be indicative of episodic accretion events in young binary systems. | <urn:uuid:e285f7a5-58be-43fb-b3ea-8eb1bf355ba9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.physics.wisc.edu/events/?id=5256 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.915357 | 221 | 2.109375 | 2 |
“The term ‘Great Lakes’ includes Lake Champlain.”
These seven words, quietly slipped into an appropriations bill by Vermont’s U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy in 1998, briefly elevated the national status of a picturesque but little-known body of water that nestles between New York and Vermont. A short-lived, but surprisingly fierce, regional dispute ensued about the essential question: What makes a lake great?
Lake Champlain provides one way to answer that question.
The lake forms part of the border between Vermont and New York, and extends northward into Quebec. It stretches for over 100 miles … | <urn:uuid:bd5a27b2-6887-43b5-9538-6d271d29389a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zocalopublicsquare.org/tag/revolutionary-war/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.927738 | 132 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The Influence Of UX Design Is Growing. These Authors Say It Should Be More Positive
The call for a new design philosophy for the digital age to make smartphones and surfing the web a lot more elegant and user-friendly.
Cliff Kuang, user-experience designer and award-winning journalist. Former design editor at Wired and founder at Fast Company Design. Co-author of “ User Friendly: How the Hidden Rules of Design Are Changing the Way We Live, Work, and Play.” ( @cliffkuang)
Robert Fabricant, co-founder and partner of Dalberg Design. Former vice president of creative at the firm Frog Design. Co-author of “ User Friendly: How the Hidden Rules of Design Are Changing the Way We Live, Work, and Play.” ( @fabtweet)
From The Reading List
Excerpt from “User Friendly” by Cliff Kuang and Robert Fabricant
Introduction: The Empire of User- Friendliness
- Computing. Of hardware or software: easy to use or understand, esp. by an inexperienced user; designed with the needs of a user in mind.
- In extended use: easy to use; accessible, manageable.
At only four stories tall, the world’s largest office building sits low to the ground but commands a footprint worthy of a UFO that could blot out the sun: a perfect doughnut shape, a mile around its edge. In the middle lies a grove meant to recall the time, just fifty years ago, when Silicon Valley wasn’t Silicon Valley, but rather the Valley of Heart’s Delight, covered in 10 million fruit trees—apricot, cherry, peach, pear, and apple. It took Apple, the computing giant, years to buy up all that land in secret, assembling some sixteen different plots across fifty acres in a $5 billion jigsaw. If the building looks like a spaceship, then it’s one that lifted off directly from Steve Jobs’s imagination to land in the heart of an otherwise sleepy suburb. It was one of the last undertakings that the great man signed off on before he died.
Every morning during the construction of Jobs’s last dream, Harlan Crowder woke up to the dull roar of heavy trucks on their way to the site, their alarms bleating as they nudged their loads into place. When we met, Crowder was seventy-three years old with three grown children. He wore a white goatee and a retiree’s wardrobe of rumpled pants and floral shirts. In Crowder’s neighborhood, the hubbub attending Apple Campus 2’s arrival had unleashed a swarm of real estate agents trawling door-to-door and offering to make people rich.
These agents were mostly women buffed to a high gloss, and they came adorned in big brass jewelry that served as armor against holdouts like Crowder. “There was one, she said it just like that: ‘I have ten people waiting to start a bidding war for your house,’” Crowder said in his Texas drawl as we sat talking on his back patio. Houses like his had originally been built in the 1960s for the population boom incited by the nascent transistor industry. When I visited, modest three-bedroom ranch houses like Crowder’s were easily fetching $2.5 million. In a year, he assumed it could be 10 percent higher, maybe more. It was all some strange dream.
Crowder isn’t a famous person—there are untold thousands like him, spread out in the Valley: people of technical ability who built the place but whose names are lost to history. But Crowder is one of the first people in the annals of history to use the term “user friendly” to refer to a computer. Every week or so, Crowder fends off the real estate agents and their offers of a multimillion-dollar payday. Apple fuels it all—Apple, the company that made “user friendly” into an idea that we live with every day.
Crowder looks on at the new Apple Park during his daily walks past the campus, the crown jewel in an empire built upon trillions of dollars in iPods and iMacs and iPads and Apple Watches and iPhones—devices that, despite being some of the most advanced computers ever made, can still be operated by toddlers. Their power dwarfs that of the “supercomputers” Crowder once worked with at IBM. That he’d come to IBM at all seemed like another kind of dream. He’d failed eighth-grade algebra. After high school, he bummed around until enlisting in the Army, where he trained as a medic: a year and a half of doctor’s training with all the theory stripped out, so that you simply knew the essentials required to save a life. The practicality and the pressure lit into him. The onetime layabout graduated first in his class. After service came college at East Texas State University, in Commerce. “It wasn’t the edge of nowhere, but you could see the edge,” he told me.
Crowder had seen an IBM recruitment flyer on a bulletin board at college, calling for science majors to enter a newfangled training program. He replied, and they called him back. He flew up to Yorktown, New York, without much idea of what to expect. IBM’s research center was a crescent-shaped architectural landmark designed by the great Finnish American designer Eero Saarinen—the original corporate-campus-as-spaceship. Its facade was a gleaming curved-glass curtain wall, and the walls inside were hewn from New York’s native granite. The building’s design was a statement about the modern workplace from the world’s smartest company, with as many Ph.D.s on staff as a university.
Crowder walked to his job interview in awe. The building resembled nothing so much as the spaceship from 2001, a bright techno future that was big news in 1968. Here was a place where the water-cooler conversations were about scientific breakthroughs. “I’d have done anything to work there. I didn’t care if I had to clean the toilets,” Crowder said, his voice still shimmering with glee. IBM had run out of computer programmers, and the company wanted to make more of them. Crowder got the job, and he took to the pragmatic nature of the work, using computers to solve real-world problems that you could measure by the ton, such as mapping shipping routes and calculating trucking loads. He found that he had a mind for visualizing the complex equations his job required.
The field where Crowder worked, operations research, began with World War II and the Marshall Plan. Rebuilding Europe meant shipping a mind-boggling amount of matériel across the Atlantic, but also shipping back a mind-boggling amount of matériel that had accumulated in dozens of countries during a war effort of unprecedented scale. Loading ships efficiently on the way over, then loading them up efficiently for the return home, was a math problem whose unruly complexity demanded computing power.
Crowder was working on these sorts of operational problems for IBM’s clients in the 1960s. To create a computer program, he had to use a machine to punch intricate holes in cards the size of an airplane boarding pass. When he was done, he couldn’t just walk up to the computer himself. The computer was a $5 million machine—about $35 million in today’s money—patrolled by two security guards and a perky-eared German shepherd. Crowder would spend all day programming and then take his stack of cards to the computer attendant behind a window, who fed the cards into the machine. The computer would spend all night calculating, and the results would usually be ready for Crowder by the morning—if he hadn’t made a mistake. This was a big “if.” A mistake would be as simple as a misplaced character that gummed up the processing, or a poorly defined equation that divided by zero and sent the computer into looping infinities. (Shades of Apple again: The address of its former campus is One Infinite Loop.)
Faced with fitfully waiting overnight to see if all the days they’d spent programming had been wasted by a typo, a cultish group of programmers at IBM found a way out. Working at a minicomputer tied to a mainframe down the hall and using a simplified programming language called APL—literally, A Programming Language—you could simply write a program and run it. You just typed up your program, saw whether the computer spat out meaningful results, and immediately knew whether your program was heading in the right direction. This was magic. Simply seeing the fruits of your work right away let you shape new ideas in your head just as soon as you had them. Years later, Steve Jobs would describe a computer as a bicycle for the mind—a fabulous machine that could turn the muscle power of a single person into the ability to traverse a mountain in a day. Crowder and his colleagues were among the very first to experience that ideal firsthand. The machine, once it was capable of immediate feedback, was actually augmenting what your mind could do. An insight might flash before you, and you could test that idea out right away. Seeing how well it worked would spur new ideas, and on and on. Thanks to these feedback loops, computer programming, which had once had the stately pace of chamber music, entered its own improvisational Jazz Age.
These “jazz musicians” traded their ideas in academic journals. The only thing was, it was awful trying to re-create the music someone had made on their machines. You couldn’t tell how easy it would be to test another person’s work or replicate it. The programs simply didn’t consider what someone else might do with them. To Crowder, they weren’t user friendly. And so Crowder proposed that a computer program be gauged not just on how well it solved a problem but on how easy it made the lives of the people trying to solve it. To be clear, he didn’t actually invent the term. As far as he knows, it had been floating around in the air, and it was there when he needed it. Which tends to prove how powerful it was—how it encapsulated something that people had started to feel.
And yet IBM didn’t go on to invent the user-friendly world—even though it hired some of the best designers in the world, such as Paul Rand, who created its logo; Eero Saarinen, who created its campus; and even Eliot Noyes, who designed its Selectric typewriter. Instead, that accomplishment is typically credited to Apple, which adapted ideas seeded at Xerox PARC to create the Macintosh. Just a decade after Crowder first wrote his paper describing user-friendly algorithms, Apple was making ads for user-friendly machines:
In the olden days, before 1984, not very many people used computers—for a very good reason.
Not very many people knew how.
And not very many people wanted to learn …
Then, on a particularly bright day in California, some particularly bright engineers had a brilliant idea: since computers are so smart, wouldn’t it make sense to teach computers about people, instead of teaching people about computers?
So it was that those very engineers worked long days and late nights—and a few legal holidays—teaching tiny silicon chips all about people. How they make mistakes and change their minds. How they label their file folders and save old phone numbers. How they labor for their livelihoods. And doodle in their spare time …
And when the engineers were finally finished, they introduced us to a personal computer so personable it can practically shake hands.
There’s a certain magic in how a few words can elide so many stories and so many ideas. This book is an attempt to paint a picture that’s gone missing in plain sight.
* * *
It began as an idea first broached with me by Robert Fabricant, who at the time was vice president of creative at the firm Frog Design. We’d known each other for a couple of years, and Robert’s pitch, which mirrored a decade of my own work as a writer and an editor, was simply that user-experience design, which had been the province of computer geeks and futurists, wasn’t a niche anymore. In an era in which 2.5 billion people own smartphones, user experience now occupies the center of modern life, remaking not just our digital lives but also business, society, even philanthropy. It was Robert’s idea to call this book User Friendly—a term whose very familiarity proves the thesis. And yet the history of the term, the meaning it conveys, the mechanics of how it works—these all remain, outside of a few professional circles, either untold or known only in pieces. What we first conceived over a period of a few months—and assumed would take six months to complete—eventually took me six years to write and report. That is the book you’re reading now, one that tries to show how “user friendly” was invented, how it shapes our everyday rhythms, and where it will go next.
There is a certain generation of designers who quarrel with the term “user friendly.” They disagree with the premise that gadgets should always presume a chipper familiarity to their users; they quibble about whether “friendliness” is the right relationship between a device and its user; they consider the idea condescending in how it implies that users must be treated like children. These critiques are sometimes reasonable. They also fail to undermine the term itself while missing a larger point.
Today, alluringly designed gadgetry has remade the texture of everyday life, from how we make money to how we make friends to how we make babies. We now expect that the tools we use to diagnose cancer or to identify a problem with an airplane engine will be as simple to use as Angry Birds. We aren’t wrong to do so. Technology should become simpler over time. Then it should become simpler still, so that it disappears from notice. This has already happened with stunning speed, and that transformation is one of the greatest cultural achievements of the last fifty years. But even as the designed world shapes us, its inner logic remains almost totally absent from daily conversation. Instead, whether we’re speaking to our kids or speaking to our grandparents, the only words we have are “user friendly.” We hardly examine them at all—and yet they’re the standard by which we judge the designed world.
“User friendly” rolls off the tongue unconsciously because we know what it means, or we think we know what it means. It means something like “Did this thing do what I want?” But even that simplified formulation raises a litany of questions: Why should some product defer to our desires? How does the person who created that object come to understand what I want to begin with? What can go wrong in translating our desires into artifacts? It took more than a century of progress and peril to answer those questions. This book is about how the idea of user-friendliness was born and how it works. We travel backward and forward in time, from the paradigm shifts that made user-friendliness into something people cared about at all to the present day, when user-friendliness has redefined nearly every minute of our waking lives.
Many of the ideas in this book will be familiar to user-experience designers—the people who observe our lives so that they might invent new products. Still, this story should be new. User-experience design, which has come to encompass everything from theme parks to chatbots, simply hasn’t had a narrative thread comprehensible to both laymen and experts. The great chain of ideas that spawned it typically hasn’t been appreciated as a tapestry of personalities, happenstance, and ideological struggle. If user experience is foreign to you, I hope you’ll come away from this book understanding how the world is being remade every day—the ideals, principles, and assumptions that lie behind the taps and swipes you take for granted. If you’re a designer, I hope you’ll better understand the origin of the ideas you swim among, so that you might better examine—and even challenge—the values you put into the things you make. At the very least, I hope you’ll be able to offer this book to the people you know and say, “This is why user experience matters.”
Excerpted from USER FRIENDLY: How the Hidden Rules of Design Are Changing the Way We Live, Work, and Play by Cliff Kuang with Robert Fabricant. Published by MCD, an imprint of Farrar, Straus and Giroux November 19th 2019. Copyright © 2019 by Cliff Kuang and Robert Fabricant. All rights reserved.
New York Times: “ Design That’s Got Users in Mind” — “‘Once a niche profession more commonly associated with chairs,’ product design ‘is now talked of as a solution to the world’s ills,’ Cliff Kuang and Robert Fabricant declare in ‘User Friendly,’ their new book on what’s known as user-experience design. To advocates, it’s a transformative paradigm for everything from bus scheduling to city management. To naysayers, it’s a ‘boondoggle’ (The Chronicle of Higher Education), ‘b.s.’ (Fast Company), or, worse, ‘fundamentally conservative’ (Harvard Business Review).
“Lay people can now reach their own conclusions more easily. Few previous books have surveyed the history of user-centered design from the origins of American product design as a profession in the 1920s to the latest wearables and beyond.
“Some applications of design thinking are literally matters of life or death. The many admirers of Donald Norman’s general-interest design books, including his 1988 best seller, recently reissued as ‘The Design of Everyday Things,’ may not realize that he became an activist for usability only after he helped write a report on the 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear accident. As Kuang, a journalist and designer, and Fabricant, a former vice president of creative at the legendary firm Frog Design, explain, that near tragedy resulted not from faulty reactor design or from failures of the plant’s managers, but from the arrangement of the facility’s host of dials and lights, which bore little obvious relationship to the sequence of reactors and boilers they monitored and controlled.”
Fast Company: “ Apple built a $1 trillion empire on two metaphors. One is breaking” — “On August 2, 2018, Apple became the world’s first public company worth more than $1 trillion. If anything, that abstract figure understates the company’s reach. Apple makes the first thing that hundreds of millions of people look at when they wake up. The company’s supply chain can extract trace amounts of rare-earth minerals from a mine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, embed them in one of the planet’s most advanced computers, and deliver the whole thing to the steppes of Mongolia. And yet Apple’s rise is nothing more or less than the story of three interfaces: the Macintosh OS, the iPod click wheel, and the iPhone touchscreen. Everything else has been fighting about how the pie would be divided up among competitors and copycats.
“In the user-friendly world, interfaces make empires: IBM, with its punch-card mainframes, was an empire until the 1970s. Then came the graphical user interface, which transformed both Apple and Microsoft from niche companies into mainstream Goliaths. (In April 2019, Microsoft became the third company in the world to reach a $1 trillion valuation, right behind Amazon.) Apple, of course, nearly died in the late 1990s; a major part of what saved the company in the years after Steve Jobs returned was the iPod’s click wheel, which cracked the problem of making it fun to browse incredibly long lists. Blackberry, with its telephone lashed to a keyboard, was another empire until the iPhone. Even Amazon grew from an interface idea: 1-click shopping.
“The value of the patent alone is staggering: Amazon made billions licensing it to Apple for the launch of the iTunes store. But its value to Amazon has been far greater. By eliminating all the check-out steps required to buy something online, 1-click gave Amazon a decisive edge against cart abandonment, which, according to some studies, averages 70 percent and remains one of the two or three biggest challenges to online retailers. 1-click made impulse buys on the web actually impulsive. The boost from 1-click shopping has been estimated to be as high as 5 percent of Amazon’s total sales—an astonishing figure, given that Amazon’s operations margin hovers below 2 percent. Moreover, it also incentivized Amazon’s customers to stay logged in to Amazon at all times—which then allowed Amazon to silently build up a user profile in its databases, which then allowed Amazon to become a platform for selling and recommending anything, not just books. Amazon’s 1-click would easily be the single most consequential button ever invented, but for the Facebook Like button.”
Wired: “ How the Dumb Design of a WWII Plane Led to the Macintosh” — “The B-17 Flying Fortress rolled off the drawing board and onto the runway in a mere 12 months, just in time to become the fearsome workhorse of the US Air Force during World War II. Its astounding toughness made pilots adore it: The B-17 could roar through angry squalls of shrapnel and bullets, emerging pockmarked but still airworthy. It was a symbol of American ingenuity, held aloft by four engines, bristling with a dozen machine guns.
“Imagine being a pilot of that mighty plane. You know your primary enemy—the Germans and Japanese in your gunsights. But you have another enemy that you can’t see, and it strikes at the most baffling times. Say you’re easing in for another routine landing. You reach down to deploy your landing gear. Suddenly, you hear the scream of metal tearing into the tarmac. You’re rag-dolling around the cockpit while your plane skitters across the runway. A thought flickers across your mind about the gunners below and the other crew: ‘Whatever has happened to them now, it’s my fault.’ When your plane finally lurches to a halt, you wonder to yourself: ‘How on earth did my plane just crash when everything was going fine? What have I done?’
“For all the triumph of America’s new planes and tanks during World War II, a silent reaper stalked the battlefield: accidental deaths and mysterious crashes that no amount of training ever seemed to fix. And it wasn’t until the end of the war that the Air Force finally resolved to figure out what had happened.”
This article was originally published on WBUR.org.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:e0c29773-7ffe-48c5-b892-e03c31a690d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wyso.org/2019-11-21/the-influence-of-ux-design-is-growing-these-authors-say-it-should-be-more-positive | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.967326 | 4,952 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Earlier this year, Big Coal got its say in “The Future of Energy” lecture series sponsored by the Harvard University Center for the Environment. Now it’s time to hear from Big Wind.
Bay area inventor and technology entrepreneur Saul Griffith envisions a wind-powered future. He’s helped design light, cheap, and efficient wind turbines mounted on kites. They harness energy from high-altitude wind currents and send it zapping earthward through cables.
In a Feb. 25 talk in Science Center Hall D, the tousled-haired Griffith introduced an audience of 200 to what he called this “little-known aspect of alternative energy” that with the right funding could be commercially available in a few years.
With venture funding from Google, his Alameda, Calif.-based company, Makani Power Inc., has built prototypes of these airborne turbines and routinely tests them in Maui, Hawaii (“Makani” is the Hawaiian word for “wind”).
On the ground, the contraptions look like large swept-wing kites fitted with compact three-bladed turbines. Aloft, they sweep in wide circles, hunting the best winds, either high up or close to the ground.
Making kite-mounted power plants requires only off-the-shelf technology, and the physics is straightforward. The same wind that flows over a wing to keep the kite aloft can be captured as energy by wing-mounted turbines.
In another scenario, the kite can create power by pulling a load on the ground. (Griffith used the example of a train on an oval track.)
Man-lifting kites were described as military observation platforms by Sun Tzu in “The Art of War” in the sixth century B.C.E.
Since then kites have been vetted as machines for pulling and lifting, and they provided aerodynamic insights for the first airplanes.
But it took “Crosswind Kite Power,” a 1980 Journal of Energy paper by engineer Miles L. Loyd, to describe the physics of capturing power from high-altitude winds.
Most of us think of kites as fragile, fluttering toys. But Griffith illustrated the raw power of high-altitude wind with a video clip of his kite-powered boat off the coast of Hawaii. It ripped through the sea like a cigarette boat, skidding over the waves at 45 knots.
“There is rather a lot of power in the wind,” said Griffith, who in the video was fighting to control the rudder. “And kites are a good way of extracting that.”
In the United States alone, wind maps show that the potential for energy generation is in the range of 8,000 gigawatts. That’s equivalent to 8,000 modern coal-fired energy plants.
But the wind’s most potent energy is out of reach for traditional ground-mounted turbines because it whips back and forth at altitudes of 500 meters to 15,000 meters. Griffith calculated that a kite turbine 10 kilometers high will capture nine times more energy than a pole-mounted turbine spinning 100 meters off the ground.
Most U.S. wind sites are rated “Class 3,” or economically marginal. (Sites rated Class 4 to 7 have the best economic potential for wind generation at ground level.)
But putting the turbines high into the sky at even Class 3 wind sites makes cost-efficient wind energy a viable option, said Griffith, and expands the territory that can be economically exploited for wind. (He calls the area of the world’s surface needed for wind and solar energy sources “Renewistan.”)
Proponents of high-altitude wind power claim that tapping just 1 percent of its potential could power everything on Earth.
Compared with their ground-mounted cousins, kite-mounted turbines are cheaper and lighter: a 1-ton wing, and 3 tons for the whole system, compared with 100 tons of concrete and steel. The kites make less noise and kill fewer birds.
And they’re more efficient, said Griffith. A traditional tower turbine spins at capacity 30 percent of the time. But wing-mounted units, with access to higher consistent wind speeds, turn out peak megawatts up to 65 percent of the time.
Griffith measures kite turbine power capacity by wingspan. The larger the wing area collecting wind, the greater the power generation.
He rates a kite with the wingspan of a Cessna at 230 kilowatts, a Gulfstream jet at 1.3 megawatts, and a Boeing 747 at 6 megawatts. (OK, since you asked: A paper airplane is rated at 15 watts.)
The world is on the verge of massive investments in the infrastructure needed for renewable energy, said Griffith, and scaling up to make enough kite turbines is possible. After all, he said, by the end of World War II, the United States was making 100,000 planes a year.
Humanity uses 18 terawatts of power every year. (A terawatt is 10 to the 12th power watts.) But so far only 0.016 percent of that comes from solar and 0.06 percent from wind.
By 2030, renewables will account for 1 terawatt of worldwide power, said Griffith. “We’d like to double that” with kite turbine technology.
There’s a “magnificent future,” he said, “for every child’s favorite plaything.” | <urn:uuid:2c581d50-261c-46d2-9d59-3f037ba42c7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/03/the-key-to-energy-independence-go-fly-a-kite/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.927216 | 1,163 | 3.375 | 3 |
The Satta King is something that has always fascinated people of different walks of life. It is a question that has baffled people from time immemorial and till date. The answer to Satta result today can be a bit tricky to understand. However, if you are looking forward to find out the answer of this question then you have reached the right place. Here I am going to explain you the entire process in details.
सट्टा मटका is a kind of lottery conducted in a particular state or country. The idea behind satta is to choose numbers from a satta list and then match them with the numbers drawn by the local lottery station. The process actually draws random people from the surrounding regions and then randomly chooses the winner from among them. The Gali Satta list is prepared by the lottery authorities of a particular state where the satta record chart is prepared for the lottery draw.
There are many different types of Satta Bajar that are prepared depending on the religion and region. So, now that you know that satta result today is not the same everywhere else in the world, let us discuss how they are prepared. The first type of Matka Result is the most common and the other two types are comparatively rare. Let's discuss them one by one. It will give you a better idea about Satta Satta itself.
In the first type, the name of the person who is drawn. The person is then identified by the name drawn. This satta is called as taj. Taj is the oldest form of satta game. This particular Satta Results is organized in the month of January every year when the whole nation comes together and congratulates each other on the birth of their king.
Second type up satta king today is the Gali disorian satta. It is a high denomination public game. This online satta king gives the highest work when it comes to the drawing of names. If you want to be on the winning side then you must ensure that your name is drawn in the list.
Most of the countries have prepared their own version of sattaking desawar chart. They have their own satta game that is organized in different months of the year. The shri ganesh satta king chart is prepared based on the performance of the cricket team in the last ten years. So, if you are an ardent fan of a particular cricket team then you can certainly hope for the best when it comes to your name being on the top list of the satta. The other countries also prepare their own Satta King Up based on the performance of the team.
There are many Satta Live charts available in the bookstores of Mumbai. If you want to get a copy of the satta result today then you can definitely try the internet. With the help of the internet you can easily get hold of a satta gali chart of your choice.
However, before you select an satta king chart for your use you need to know a few things about it. First of all, you should understand that the satta king chart has been prepared by the current players. So, while searching for a faridabad satta chart on the internet, you should ensure that you have chosen the right name. You should also look for the format used in the satta. Currently, there are various formats available for this game.
In addition, the Satta Result is divided into two parts. One part is played in the morning and the other in the afternoon. Today the first session of the game is being played in the morning. The players who are playing in this session are termed as satta kais. Once the second satta session is being played, the players with the same number of runs scored in the first session will be put together and a new satta king will be selected.
The last satta result will be played in the afternoon session. The players who have reached the end of the session without scoring any runs will be excluded and the player who has scored the highest number of runs during the entire course of the game will be declared the winner. During the course of the game, there will be different Satta game that are being played. You should know about these satta games so that you can perform well. Once you become familiar with the satta, you will surely be able to earn money.
Taj Mahal, Agra, Humayun's Tomb, Red Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Lotus Temple, City Palace, Jehangir Mahal, Albert Hall Museum, Amber Fort, Nahargarh Fort, Panchganga Ghats, Pushkar Lake, etc are some of the famous places in the Satta Matka like faridabad, Mumbai and Agra. These are the most important places and tourists will definitely enjoy their stay in these places. This game has been originated in India and many people are trying hard to make it popular all over the world. You should try your best to earn money through this game. If you are doing your job well, you will surely be able to earn the desired money.
To Get Detailed analysis Visit here: | <urn:uuid:8ee0209d-4899-4743-a83c-212e889f0719> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bigkis.com/read-blog/21615_enjoyable-game-satta-result.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.964608 | 1,061 | 1.53125 | 2 |
WhatsApp likes to brag about its end-to-end encryption, but researchers from Germany’s Ruhr University Bochum have discovered a flaw that could allow unwanted eyes to spy upon your private group chats.
In a technical research paper that explores the end-to-end security of three different secure messaging apps capable of allowing “private” group chats, researchers found the most serious shortcomings in the immensely popular WhatsApp platform.
The research paper, presented at the Real World Crypto security conference in Switzerland, describes how it would be possible for a complete stranger to add themselves to an encrypted WhatsApp group chat. Although past messages sent to the group would not be visible to the intruder, they could receive future messages.
Clearly, that’s far from good news, but avid WhatsApp users will be relieved to hear that the addition of the unauthorized party is no secret. Every member of the group receives a message saying that someone new has joined the chat, albeit apparently at the invitation of the group chat’s administrator.
Eagle-eyed members of the group, of the administrator themselves, may notice the interloper and warn the legitimate group’s members.
Furthermore, for someone to insert themselves into a group chat – they need to have first gained control over WhatsApp’s servers – something that would, one hopes, be beyond the abilities of the typical hacker but may be within the realm of a state-sponsored attacker or a regime that is able to put legal pressure on the company.
WhatsApp’s failing is possible because the platform fails to properly authenticate group invitations, the paper makes clear:
The described weaknesses enable attacker A, who controls the WhatsApp server or can break the transport layer security, to take full control over a group. Entering the group, however, leaves traces, since this operation is listed in the graphical user interface. The WhatsApp server can therefore use the fact that it can stealthily reorder and drop messages in the group. Thereby it can cache sent messages to the group, read their content first and decide in which order they are delivered to the members. Additionally the WhatsApp server can forward these messages to the members individually such that a subtly chosen combination of messages can help it to cover the traces.
As respected cryptography expert Matthew Green explains, the attacks are difficult to pull off successfully, and “nobody needs to panic.”
Nonetheless, that doesn’t mean that the problem should be ignored. Green told Wired that “It’s just a total screw-up” and described the flaw as “eminently fixable.”
In their technical paper, the researchers recommend that group management messages are signed so they can be properly authenticated:
In order to ensure that only administrators of a group can manipulate the member set, the authenticity of group manipulation messages needs to be protected. This can be achieved, for example, by signing these messages with the administrator’s group signature key.
Even though typical WhatsApp users may not lose too much sleep about this particular attack, it may certainly be a concern for journalists and whistleblowers who might have been attracted to WhatsApp in the misguided belief that it delivered total security and privacy.
A WhatsApp spokesperson confirmed the researchers’ findings but reiterated that chat group members would be notified if new parties were added to a conversation:
We’ve looked at this issue carefully. Existing members are notified when new people are added to a WhatsApp group. We built WhatsApp so group messages cannot be sent to a hidden user. The privacy and security of our users is incredibly important to WhatsApp. It’s why we collect very little information and all messages sent on WhatsApp are end-to-end encrypted.
That response may be technically accurate, but I think most WhatsApp users would expect a group chat’s membership to be controlled by the group’s administrator – and not something that could be manipulated by an unauthorized party.
Let’s hope that WhatsApp responds appropriately to the researchers’ findings and plugs this security hole before the threat evolves from being purely theoretical to real life. | <urn:uuid:d3d290e5-46f1-4e26-b2aa-c86c6ee716ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sherman-on-security.com/whatsapp-flaw-could-allow-anyone-to-sneak-into-your-private-group-chat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.936661 | 848 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Ovarian borderline mucinous cystadenoma
Citation, DOI & article data
They account for ~ 10-15% of all ovarian mucinous tumors.
They are microscopically characterized by cytologic atypia and epithelial stratification, but stromal invasion is absent. They can show identical gross features to those of mucinous cystadenomas.
They are at least two recognized subtypes:
- intestinal type - commonest by far 3
- Mullerian (endocervical-like) type
They have a multilocular appearance at MR imaging and can be indistinguishable from a simple mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary. Loculi are often small, arranged back-to-back, and variable in number. Contrast-enhanced images are essential to distinguish septal wall thickness from back-to-back small cysts.
Treatment and prognosis
They are non-invasive tumors of low malignant potential, with survival rates reported as high as 99% 2.
- 1. diagnostic criteria, and behavior. Hum. Pathol. 2004;35 (8): 949-60. Hum. Pathol. (link) - Pubmed citation
- 2. Imaoka I, Wada A, Kaji Y et-al. Developing an MR imaging strategy for diagnosis of ovarian masses. Radiographics. 26 (5): 1431-48. doi:10.1148/rg.265045206 - Pubmed citation
- 3. Hart WR. Mucinous tumors of the ovary: a review. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 2005;24 (1): 4-25. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. (link) - Pubmed citation
- 4. Cömert DK, Üreyen I, Karalok A, Taşçı T, Türkmen O, Öcalan R, Turan T, Tulunay G. Mucinous borderline ovarian tumors: Analysis of 75 patients from a single center. (2016) Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association. 17 (2): 96-100. doi:10.5152/jtgga.2016.15208 - Pubmed
- 5. Brown J et.al . Mucinous Tumors of the Ovary: Current Thoughts on Diagnosis and Management. (2014) Current oncology reports. doi:10.1007/s11912-014-0389-x - Pubmed | <urn:uuid:0330ab5a-6b07-48a4-84ab-d6211cd65111> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-borderline-mucinous-cystadenoma?lang=us | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.742803 | 548 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Eastern Music Festival
The Eastern Music Festival (EMF), established on the Guilford College campus in Greensboro in 1962, is one of the most acclaimed music educational camps and festivals in the United States. Originally called the Guilford Musical Arts Camp by its founder, Sheldon Morgenstern, then a faculty member at Guilford College, the camp was conceived as a place where talented students could receive professional musical instruction and where students of similar ability and training could perform together.
From the first class of 75 students, the EMF has grown to a student enrollment of approximately 200 each year, with competitive auditions for the coveted positions held throughout the United States and several parts of the world. World-class master teachers and trained musician-teachers provide intensive one-on-one and small group sessions for six weeks from late June until early August each year. Students are housed in residence halls on the Guilford College campus, and it is not unusual to hear music emanating from dorm rooms or the shelter of a tall oak at almost any hour.
EMF student orchestras offer full classical concerts twice weekly in Guilford's Dana Auditorium, often with internationally known guest soloists. The Eastern Philharmonic Orchestra (EPO), comprised of professional musicians whose winter affiliations include numerous orchestras and schools of music throughout the nation and the world, performs a classical concert every Saturday night of the season. Maestro Morgenstern, who retired as music and education director in early 1998, led the professional orchestra from its founding; he continued to conduct orchestras in major cities in western and eastern Europe as well as North and South America. Edmon Colomer of Spain is the current principal guest conductor, and every season other international conductors are guest maestros of the EPO.
Each year, the Eastern Music Festival performs in High Point and Winston-Salem as well as in Greensboro, and it has traveled in the past to other North Carolina locations as well. Project Listen, a program begun in the 1960s, has brought music to people throughout Guilford County otherwise unable to attend the regular EMFseason; locales include hospitals, manufacturing plants, and schools. In all, the EMF provides Piedmont North Carolina with about 100 musical events each year, from solo performances to the popular Tuesday night Eastern Chamber Players concerts and the full orchestra concerts.
The students remain the central focus of each season of the Eastern Music Festival. Over the years, scholarship and financial aid programs have been established to assure places for the best students that can be found. In 1985 a gift from Ralph and Janie Price of Greensboro established the International Scholarship Program, bringing students from Japan, Germany, and other locations around the globe; the program continues to be underwritten by Leonard and Tobee Kaplan. Minority and other special scholarships have also been funded by patrons and musicians alike.
Alumni of the EMF have been coming back as performers, teachers, and special guest artists for years. They include classical and jazz trumpeter Wynton Marsalis, perhaps the festival's most widely known alumnus; concert pianists Randall Hodgkinson and Gustavo Romero; composer/conductor Carl Roskott; and classical quartet violist Chauncey Patterson. During the months other than the summer season, thousands of the 4,500 EMF alumni hold major positions with orchestras or chamber music groups; teach at music conservatories, universities, and schools; or tour as guest soloists throughout the world.
Abe D. Jones Jr., Thirty Gleaming Summers: A Celebration of the Eastern Music Festival (1991).
Leslie Mizell, "The Music Man," Business Life (June 1994).
Eastern Music Festival (EMF): http://easternmusicfestival.org/
Eastern Music Festival. Image available from Visit Greensboro. Available from http://www.visitgreensboronc.com/about-cvb/about-cvb (acessed June 14, 2012).
1 January 2006 | Williams, Jeaneane | <urn:uuid:a674529a-80ef-4816-ab44-6309467787db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ncpedia.org/eastern-music-festival | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.957044 | 837 | 1.78125 | 2 |
WATCH: First Woman To Free Climb El Capitan
Her name is Emily Harrington and she has become the first woman to do what was once seen as impossible - free climb El Capitan in Yosemite National Park.
Free climb, that means NO ROPES or safety gear of any kind. That means if she makes one mistake there is nothing to catch her.
She is the fourth person to do it. The first was documented by a Wyoming documentary crew, and their film, SOLO, won an Academy Award.
But back to Emily.
She is 34 years old and made the climb in 21 hours, 13 minutes and 51 seconds. Imagine working for that long and not making a single mistake.
To climb something like El Capitan, the climber does not just jump into it. They will spend over a year, at least, choosing their route and climbing it with safety gear until they get it right. Only when they are sure they have it down, flawlessly, do they proceed.
In the video above you can watch her progression as she practices for the big climb and makes mistakes until she gets it right.
But getting it right once is not good enough. She needed to make sure she had climbed successfully several times before she was ready to go for it.
Her attempt was almost called off while practicing when she reached one of the route's most difficult sections and she fell sideways, slamming her head into the wall. Even a climbing helmet can offer only so much protection.
But she cleaned up the blood and continued on to the record books. | <urn:uuid:8888c0a3-c202-4928-94a1-231507a41e27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jackfmcasper.com/watch-first-woman-to-free-climb-el-capitan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.984165 | 320 | 2.328125 | 2 |
We humans have been using aloe vera in many forms for at least 6,000 years now. Dubbed the “plant of immortality,” this incredible green plant has been used as everything from a cooling sunburn cure to a laxative. We love drinking it and rubbing it on our skin, but can aloe vera gel be used on pets or given as a treat?
Here’s everything you need to know before you use aloe vera gel for your cat or dog.
The answer is yes and no. There are a lot of products out there with aloe vera gel that are safe for pets. Generally speaking, your safest bet is to look specifically for products that were designed for dogs and cats, and have been labeled as pet-safe. The reason why you need to be careful with giving your dog or cat aloe vera gel is because some parts of the plant are dangerous. This means you should avoid DIY aloe vera recipes for pets and keep your aloe vera houseplant away from your kitties and puppies.
Ingesting aloe vera gel can have a range of side effects for pets including vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, or even tremors. Over time, if you keep giving your pet aloe vera, he or she may exhibit signs of depression or urinary changes.
Aloe vera contains saponins, which are the specific elements that can cause the side effects we’ve been talking about. According to the highly regarded Natural Health Bible for Dogs and Cats, written by veterinarian Shawn Messonnier, feeding your dog or cat pure aloe vera can result in severe diarrhea, muscle spasms, weight loss, and generally a really miserable pet.
But maybe your friends or family have told you that they give their dogs and cats aloe vera all the time and it’s safe. Don’t listen to them! According to the American Kennel Club, people seriously underestimate how often their pets have food poisoning. Many pet owners give their animals things like raw fish, meat, and eggs. Afterward, these people don’t realize that their pets are actually suffering from abdominal pain, dizziness, or a fever because we tend to just see the more obvious signs like vomiting and diarrhea. So, no, just because you know someone who gives their dog or cat aloe vera and sees no side effects does not mean that there are no side effects.
For humans and animals alike, the reviews of aloe vera juice are mixed. There has been a ton of marketing hype around aloe vera gel juice but there is not much actual scientific data to back it all up. Worse yet, there have been studies that show aloe vera gel juice to be toxic to animals. While the study did not specifically look at whether or not aloe vera gel juice is toxic to dogs and cats, it did find that it is toxic for rats and mice.
Bottom line: Why take the chance? There are no proven benefits to giving your pet aloe vera gel juice and it has the potential to cause serious problems.
Aloe vera water is another new drink trend. It is supposed to do everything from enhancing your digestion to removing toxins to reducing inflammation. Aloe Water is slightly different from Aloe Juice. To make aloe vera juice, typically aloe vera gel is blended with citrus juice. To make aloe vera water, the aloe vera gel is just mixed with water. While some claim it’s a great source of Vitamin C, the risks remain the same. For this reason, you should avoid giving both aloe vera gel juice and water to your cat or dog.
The ASPCA lists aloe as toxic to both dogs and cats. They list the possible side effects of ingestion as “vomiting, depression, diarrhea, anorexia, tremors, change in urine color.” The Pet Poison Helpline expands to say, “Aloes contain anthraquinone glycosides which are purgatives (medications that encourage bowel movements). When ingested, these glycosides are metabolized by intestinal bacteria forming compounds that increase mucus production and water in the colon. This can result in vomiting and diarrhea. Other clinical signs seen with aloe vera ingestion include depression, anorexia, changes in urine color, and rarely, tremors.” In other words, don’t give your beloved fur baby aloe vera in any shape or form, EXCEPT for pet safe aloe vera.
So, if aloe vera gel is toxic for dogs and cats, why do some vets recommend it? That brings us back to the topic of pet safe aloe vera gel. When you buy aloe vera products for dogs and cats that have been labeled as pet safe, that means that the product has had any toxic latex removed during processing so you can safely put it on your pet. This is an important distinction to make because the aloe vera plant has two parts to it. There’s the gooey green center of the plant, which is safe to use, and then there is the white outer edge of the plant that contains latex, a white sap. This latex is the only part that is toxic and its removal is what makes certain aloe vera gels safe to be used for pets.
In fact, these pet safe aloe vera gels are not only okay for use but actually offer an incredible treatment for a range of skin conditions.
When used externally, aloe vera has numerous benefits. It is antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory. It is a great option for soothing pets’ skin while reducing inflammation. It has also been shown to promote healing with helping to treat allergic reactions. Pet safe aloe vera gel can be used on pets for a range of wounds, bites, stings, and burns, as well as for conditions like eczema, or any other skin irritations like. Typically, it is recommended for use twice a day to help treat dogs and cats.
It’s best to avoid self-diagnosing your pet. If your dog or cat is having a problem, chat with your vet. Any good veterinary clinic can advise you over the phone and tell you if it’s worth a trip to the vet. | <urn:uuid:3d47a6ed-70c1-41f0-b75c-d22f45de01de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://aloeveraguru.com/pets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.9465 | 1,325 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Green Dot is a national violence prevention program, implemented by the College in 2010, that trains students, faculty and staff in bystander intervention to help prevent sexual violence, domestic violence, dating violence and stalking. A "Green Dot" is defined as any behavior, choice, word, or attitude that counters or displaces a "red dot" of violence, promoting safety for everyone and communicating utter intolerance for sexual violence, interpersonal violence and stalking.
Green Dot encourages bystanders (everyone will be one at some point) to make a choice and then take action by doing something to prevent violence from happening in our community. Built on the idea that in order to measurably reduce the instances of power-based personal violence there must be a culture shift, Green Dot capitalizes on peer and cultural influence to encourage change in behaviors from those that sustain violence in our community.
When students matriculate, they pledge "that my actions will be thoughtful and ethical and that I will do my best to instill a sense of responsibility in those among us who falter." Students are pledging to live the Green Dot already through our very own Honor Code -- the training just gives you the skills to do it.
No one has to do everything ...
Everyone has to do something!
What's your GREEN DOT?
Green Dot training
Rachel Stewart, director of sexual violence prevention and advocacy, and CC Curtiss, director of student wellness and alcohol and other drug education, are certified Green Dot trainers. They lead regular six-hour Green Dot training sessions on campus. More than 1000 Connecticut College students have already been Green Dot trained.
If you are interested in learning more or being trained in Green Dot, you can attend an information session, bring a Green Dot presentation to your residence hall, club meeting or classroom, or sign up for the next six-hour training by contacting Rachel Stewart at 860-439-2219 or [email protected].
To learn more about the national Green Dot program, visit www.livethegreendot.com.
What Connecticut College Green Dot grads have to say about the 6-hour program
"Training was an empowering experience, from the bonds of trust built with the people in the room to the inspirational quotes between slide show sections. As far as I'm concerned it could've lasted 20 hours - there was so much to learn."
"Keeping the session in a 6-hour chunk is helpful for the continuity of the training - it allows you to relate things from earlier in the training to new things that come up… As much as it is a big time commitment it is totally worth it."
"The time went by fast … and I feel like the discussion really added to making the material more concrete and understandable. This is a fantastic program, and please do more of them!"
"I thought [the facilitator] broached very challenging information in a way that accepted and acknowledged the seriousness of the subject matter without making it seem like an impossible situation. Her attitude about our ability to affect change, her openness about her own connections, shortcomings, and triumphs, and her clear willingness to help us as we make our way through this was inspiring and empowering."
"[The facilitator] keeps things fun, relevant, and engaging. She makes you believe that you can make a difference and presents the material in a clear and accessible manner." | <urn:uuid:e7c2b6f2-743d-4655-8753-26313bcb052f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marchmania.conncoll.edu/campus-life/sexual-violence-prevention-and-advocacy/green-dot/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.950469 | 689 | 2.359375 | 2 |
“Chipmunk spotting” out of our front window has been an enjoyable pastime for my kids for quite a while now. I admit that I, too, have found it amusing to watch the cute little critters and their tiny little babies pop out of a hole right in front of me and scamper off. However cute they may be, though, we have learned the hard way that these cute little critters can cause some serious damage to your yard. Holes, holes everywhere! How can you stop chipmunks digging holes in your yard?
We’re going to look at a few different things you can try. Chipmunks are very persistent; they keep coming back, and they keep re-digging your filled in holes. And so while you may find that it seems like rather hopeless a task, the truth is that with a little work on your end, the holes will stop appearing, the critter family will move on somewhere else, and hopefully you’ll go back to thinking that chipmunks are just cute and harmless little rodents again.
What Harm Do Chipmunks Do To Your Yard?
Chipmunks are tunneling rodents. They live in these tunnels, hibernate, store their food, and raise their babies there. They typically build summer tunnels which are more shallow, and winter tunnels which are deeper. These tunnels grow more and more complex over time, and based on the number of chipmunks dwelling in them.
Eventually their tunnel systems will make your yard rather hollow and can adversely affect the structure of the buildings, porches and patios on your yard. The tunnels can also run right up against the walls of your home, and you can end up with critters in your walls as well. And no one wants that.
Because of the complexity of their tunnels, filling up a solitary hole that you find is futile. It does nothing but cause them a little work as they simply dig it out or exit at another hole and re-dig beside your blocked off spot. Likely you already knew this though – the first thing we tend to try is filling up and blocking off the hole we see, and then grow frustrated when it’s back again a few hours later.
So, what can you do? What works to stop chipmunks from digging holes in your yard?
“Stink” Them Out
Chipmunks rely heavily on their noses both to find food and to sniff out danger. Watch them for any length of time and you’ll see how they stop every several feet for a quick sniff of the air around them.
So, we can use this! If we want to remove the chipmunks from our yards humanely, using scents that chipmunks hate is a great way to go.
So, what smells do chipmunks hate? What will make them and their progeny relocate to another yard or field?
There are very few “repellants” that are especially made for chipmunks. But as they are part of the larger squirrel family, if you want to go the commercial repellant route, you can look for “anti-squirrel” sprays on the shelves of your local home and garden supply store or even place some mothballs around your yard – this scent is known to repel squirrels and thus is very likely to “stink out” your chipmunks.
You can also mix together a natural spray using a combination of the following oils (whichever you have on hand), all of which chipmunks are known to detest:
Animal urine (think dogs and cats) are also deterrents to chipmunk holes, believe it or not. Again, the scent makes the chipmunks think they are in danger of being chased down by larger animals than them. You don’t see chipmunks crossing paths with the neighborhood dogs, do you? Allow your friends with pets to come and bring Fido along… and let him run free a few days in a row, and see what happens!
“Scare” Them Out
Chipmunks are sort of like mice in a sense – they are small and quite helpless. They also have an innate understanding that they are prey to larger animals and birds. If you want to stop chipmunks from tunneling in your yard, you can cause them to think that there’s a danger to them if they continue to stay local.
One way to do this is to purchase and display one of those plastic owls near where the holes are appearing. If your chipmunks are gullible chipmunks like many are, then they will assume they are being hunted and decide to move on.
Set Chipmunk Traps
If you are pretty discouraged and have tried to stink them out and scare them out but neither worked, or if you really just need them gone NOW, setting a trap is definitely one way you can go. There are different kinds of traps available, all of which can be labelled either “humane” and “lethal”.
The more humane chipmunk traps require you to check it regularly, and transport any live chipmunks (who fell for the bait you set and caused the spring-loaded door to close behind them and trap them in a small box) to another location before releasing it. This is often a preferred method, but honestly, unless you drive them quite a ways away, you may just find them returning faster than you’d believe possible. Also, do NOT forget to check your traps.
More “lethal” traps do what you’d guess to be the case – they end any possibility of the chipmunk returning to your yard, much like an old fashioned mouse trap will stop a mouse.
Prepare Your Property Properly
If you have a problem with chipmunks digging holes in your yard, you can actually do a few more structural things to prevent (further) damage to your property from occurring. Surround your yard, deck or home with a foot-wide gravel border to prevent burrowing from happening too close to your structure. Keep any piles of wood or leaf debris away from the sides of your buildings, as these are favorite places for these critters to dig.
Remember that chipmunks like to eat bird seed. While I don’t think you’ll find chipmunks climbing up poles and doing acrobatics to get at the bird feeder like a squirrel might, chipmunks being the ground feeders that they are, will happily use any spilled bird seed as food for themselves, and return regularly to that spot for more. So, clean up spilled bird seed, but also, if possible, choose bird seed that squirrels (and thus chipmunks) aren’t attracted to (like thistle, for example).
How Will You Stop Chipmunks Digging Holes In Your Yard?
What will you try first? What have you tried… with success or no success? Feel free to comment below and we can work together to solve this problem so you can get a great outdoor space again. Because it’s not easy, is it?
Chipmunks are energetic, smart, and fast. You may end up fighting this battle longer and harder than you’d want, but stopping chipmunks from digging in your yard IS possible. It may end up being a combination of a few ideas, or you may end up calling in a professional exterminator… but if you’re serious about getting a tunnel-free backyard back, it CAN be done. What will you try? | <urn:uuid:d7fd55bf-4db3-4db7-861c-b47a1e5e531a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bestbackyardgear.com/how-to-stop-chipmunks-digging-holes-in-your-yard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.957883 | 1,592 | 2.25 | 2 |
- Lose the debt
Some of the most important things that you can do to be successful as a digital nomad have to do with money and finances. That being said, if you have a lot of debt, that doesn’t mean you can’t make the digital nomad lifestyle happen for yourself. It just means you have a journey ahead of you to make it happen. Getting rid of debt may mean that you have to make some difficult, life-changing decisions, like selling a house that you “love” or getting rid of a car that you’re very attached to. You’ll need to ask yourself honestly, “What do you really want?” Do you want that particular car or that particular house or do you want freedom and flexibility in your life? It’s up to you to decide. Downsizing to a vehicle you can afford (without going into debt to get it) or a house or apartment you can afford can make-or-break your efforts at remote work.
Getting rid of debt is a messy process so prepare yourself emotionally for the challenge. Chances are you’ll get ripped off and swindled a few times in the process, but stick to it. Getting rid of debt opens up the possibilities for new things to take shape in your life.
- Live within your means
As you get rid of your debt, you’ll simultaneously need to work at developing a lifestyle around living within your means. That means, that you’ll need to get a house, a car (if a car is necessary in the country where you’re living), and items for daily life that you can afford without going into debt to pay for them. When you’re first getting started as a digital nomad/freelancer, every monthly bill will create anxiety because freelancing and remote work is inherently whimsical. Rarely do freelancers get paid a salary. Usually, the work is up and down. So to be able to sync up with the rest of the world and still pay monthly bills, you have to be sure you can stockpile funds from one month to the next. Get your bills down as low as they can possibly go. Then, you’ll be ready to take on the next step.
- Prepare for income variations from month-to-month
This is the part that makes a lot of people queasy. When you work for yourself, either as a location independent entrepreneur or as a freelancer/digital nomad, your income will vary from month-to-month. Some months will be awesome and some will suck hard. Prepare for this by saving money and living within your means.
- Consider living in affordable places outside of the U.S., Canada, Europe, or Australia
In some cases, it may make more sense to take up residence in a country where you can live and work more cheaply. What if you could live off $600 a month or less? How would that change your stress levels in terms of freelancing and remote work? Believe it or not, there are a number of countries where a family of three or four could live comfortably off $1500/month. If you’re considering becoming a digital nomad or a digital nomad family, an affordable country with all the first-world amenities may be an option to consider.
- Learn how to learn without structured schooling
College costs a lot of money and the returns aren’t that great. Learn how to learn without college. If you’re working through technology as a nomad online, you’ll need to continue learning in order to stay abreast of new technologies and new ways of doing things in the freelancing world.
- Develop a digital nomad community for support
If you’re a solo digital nomad, it would be a good idea to cultivate a community of other digital nomads for support. Clients can be mean at times. And it’s easy to get disillusioned about your work as location independent entrepreneurs. You need people to reason with you on emotionally charged topics related to your work. Inevitably, there will be emotionally charged topics (like: why didn’t my customer pay me? Or: why did that client give me a bad rating?)
- Stay healthy, stay motivated
You have to be self-motivated in order to do freelance work. If your goal is to live a life of indulgence, then freelancing certainly isn’t for you. Stay healthy so you can maintain a life of freedom, otherwise, freedom goes away.
- Examine your deepest motives for wanting to work at home
Most successful freelancers don’t work in their pajamas. They don’t sleep all day or party all night. They’re very dedicated to their work and passionate about what they’re doing. If your motives for wanting to work at home have to do with the desire to be inert, you may want to hold on to your day job.
- Shun Facebook and other social media as well as television and the telephone during working hours
Facebook, social media, TV, and even the telephone are de-motivators during the work day. Make a commitment to avoid these seemingly innocuous social tools during your work day in order to stay focused and productive. You can reward yourself at the end of the day by logging in to your favorite form of mind slush.
- Move with the times
Once you start freelancing, you’ll need to move with the times and keep learning and growing in order to stay on top of the technology. The digital nomad lifestyle is constantly evolving and in order to evolve with it, you have to be willing to adapt.
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And when the sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, had bought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him.
And very early in the morning, the first day of the week, they came to the sepulcher at the rising of the sun:
And they said among themselves, Who shall roll away for us the stone from the door of the sepulcher?
(And when they looked, they saw that the stone was rolled away) for it was very great.
And entering into the sepulcher, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed in a long white garment; and they were frightened.
And he saith to them, Be not frightened: ye seek Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified: he is risen; he is not here: behold the place where they laid him:
But go, tell his disciples and Peter, that he goeth before you into Galilee: there shall ye see him, as he said to you.
And they went out quickly, and fled from the sepulcher; for they trembled, and were amazed: neither said they any thing to any man; for they were afraid.
Now when Jesus was risen early, the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom he had cast seven demons.
And she went and told them that had been with him, as they mourned and wept.
And they, when they had heard that he was alive, and had been seen by her, believed not.
After that, he appeared in another form to two of them, as they were walking and going into the country.
And they went and told it to the residue: neither believed they them.
Afterward he appeared to the eleven, as they sat at table, and upbraided them with their unbelief, and hardness of heart, because they believed not them who had seen him after he was risen.
And he said to them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.
He that believeth and is baptized, shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned.
And these signs shall follow them that believe: In my name shall they cast out demons; they shall speak in new languages;
They shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover.
So then after the Lord had spoken to them, he was received up into heaven, and sat on the right hand of God.
And they went forth, and preached every where, the Lord working with them, and confirming the word with signs following. Amen. | <urn:uuid:2cbba251-2b73-4e4f-8410-ae90e30e2a28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.mbible.com/webster/mark/16.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.990433 | 619 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Chess with a Limited Supply of SquaresThis file describes a set of chess variants played on normal-sized boards with a limited supply of squares: in other words, instead of the 8x8 board starting off with its normal complement of 64 squares, there are holes in the board.
The Basic GameThe following set of rules is not sufficiently complete to permit a game to be played, but all the games branch off from this set of rules.
Rules of the Basic Game
- The rules of FIDE Chess apply except where specifically superseded by the following rules.
- The normal setup and pieces are used, on the normal 8x8 board;
however, only 32 squares (the squares under the initial setup of
pieces) are always present on the board. The entire area between the
two armies may be empty, with no squares there.
Specific games may provide for the presence of more than 32 squares in the initial position.
- Jumping pieces (and with the FIDE set of pieces, only Knights are jumping pieces) can leap over empty squares.
- Long-range pieces require an unbroken string of squares to use their long-range powers. For example, if a Rook on a1 wants to go to a8, there must be a square at a2, and at a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, and a8.
- The rules of the specific games will make it possible to move an
empty square from its current location to some other location that
currently has no square there. An occupied square can not be moved,
and two squares cannot occupy the same location or capture each
other (although one can imagine some interesting variants that allow
any of these things).
- The rules of the specific games may give each player some
squares in reserve, that may be placed on the board at empty
- Each turn each player may either move a piece from one square to
another, move an empty square from one location to another, or play
a square from his reserve onto the board. In no game may you move
the square your opponent has just moved (that would be silly, you
- Check and checkmate can be blocked by moving a square.
- A stalemated player loses the game; of course, moving a square counts as a move in most games.
- The game must be played with at least two different armies. Oh, you can skip this rule and let both sides use the Fide Chess army, but the author of the game would be unhappy.
The Postal RuleOne expects that the game will take more moves to play than FIDE Chess, because of the necessity of moving squares so that the pieces can move. In games played by mail or email, a quicker pace may be desired, so the Postal Rule is supplied as part of the basic game.
The basic rules are modified to allow the players to take two (or even three) actions per turn: first move a piece and then either move or place a square, or even do both (if you can do both, it's the Postal Plus rule).
Note that the rule is not to move the square first because that would become too similar to FIDE Chess.
On the first move of the game, there is no penalty if you cannot move a piece (otherwise, White might be stalemated and lose the game in the opening position, which would be no fun). After that, you must move a piece or lose by stalemate; this is different from the basic game because moving a square does not count as avoidance of stalemate.
Discussion of the Basic GameThis game of course gets some inspiration from Cloudhopper Chess.
When the players start with squares in reserve, and they have a limited number of squares in reserve, and the number is small, it will be difficult to move, and it may be worthwhile to keep one square in reserve in order to help defend your King (or it may be worthwhile to play all the squares to maximize your mobility).
If each player starts with an unlimited number of squares in reserve, soon the board fills up and becomes FIDE Chess. In this case, only the opening phase of the game is affected by the limited number of squares.
If there is no reserve, then the game must start with some number of squares already in place between the armies. This seems less interesting.
Clearly the best and most distinct form of the game is the one with a small reserve, so that form will be covered first.
Hans38 ChessAs you can guess, the chance to win the Hans38 contest had some influence on the size of the reserves in the following rules; however, 3 squares per player seems to be a very good number.
The Rules for Hans38 Chess
- The Rules of the Basic Game as given above apply except where specifically superseded by the following rules.
- Each player starts with 3 squares in reserve, making a total of 38 squares in the game.
- Each player owns the squares in hand and the squares under her starting army, and a player may not move squares owned by the other player.
- Moving a piece onto an enemy square captures the square. In
other words, a square belongs to whoever last placed the square or
had a piece on the square.
Note: Pawns capture squares by moving straight forward. A Pawn may not capture a square by moving diagonally onto an empty square. Of course, a Pawn, or in fact any piece, can capture a square and capture a piece, both in one move (gambits may be too expensive).
- A square moves like a King, Knight, Dabaaba, or Alfil; in other words, one or two locations in any direction, leaping over obstacles as needed.
- Squares placed from reserve may be placed on any empty location of the board.
Discussion of the Rules for Hans38 ChessGiven the limited number of squares in the game, and the fact that stalemate loses, and the concept that squares are owned, quick knockouts are always possible. The shortest win by stalemate is 3 turns: White places at a6, Black captures the square, White places at b6, and so on.
The reason for the rule about the way squares move is that I want them to be slow, but it is no good if they are locked within your lines. For example, after Ng1-f3, the square on g1 is empty but cannot make a King move; and when there are so few empty squares available, this feels like bad game design.
Each player's first move must be to place a square on the board, because there simply is no other legal move. After this, it may seem desirable to keep either one or two squares in reserve; one for emergencies, and one to keep for awhile because the squares already on the board are slow, and a square placed from reserve can go anywhere. Keeping two squares in reserve may make your moves too predictable, but on the other hand perhaps you gain a tempo by not taking the time to place more squares. This tension between two strategic choices is part of the design of the game.
Sample Game of Hans38 ChessThis is where we find out if the design was good.
1. @@f3 @@f6 2. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 3. @@e3 @g8-e6If I merely said "g8-e6" it would look like a Pawn move, so I chose the notation "@g8-e6"; then, placement looked to much like short-form algebraic notation, so I decided that "@@f3" was the way to write it.
White's strategy is to place all the squares from reserve, Black's strategy is to try to keep the reserve.
4. e2-e3 e7-e6 5. Bf1-e2 Qd8-e7 6. O-O @d8-c6 7. @@d3 Nb8-c6 8. d2-d3 @b8-d6 9. Bc1-d2 d7-d6 10. Rf1-e1 Bc8-d7 11. Be2-f1 @c8-a6 12. @c1-c3 a7-a6 13. Nb1-c3 Ra8-a7 14. @e2-e4 @a8-b6 15. e3-e4 @b7-b6 16. Ra1-b1 Ra7-b7 17. @a1-c1 @a7-a5 18. @c1-e2 a6-a5 19. @h1-g3 @a6-c5Black is clearing out the corners to concentrate towards the middle, White is trying to assemble some mobility from empty squares towards the center.
Some of the moves here were made with a different rule for moving the squares; it is all still legal, but some of the moves may look silly now.
Next, (email removed contact us for address) e5? would be met with 21. e4-e5! and so Black needs to place a new square.
20. @g3-f4 @@h6 21. Bd2-f4 h7-h6 22. @e3-e5 Rh8-h7 23. e4-e5 d6:e5 24. Bf4:e5Is a Knight worth more than a Bishop in this game?
Should White have pushed and traded? Now each side has one more empty square to move to, so the position is less cramped. Probably (email removed contact us for address) d4 (to be followed by d3-d4) was better.
Black's strategy was strategically logical with my old rules but logistically impossible. The old rule for moving squares was "one space if you can, otherwise you can move two spaces". After I realized I had written down several illegal moves, I knew the rule would be too hard for players to follow, and nobody would like it.
White's strategy of simply leaving the R at a1 looks pretty good. Now I realize that pieces will eventually be exchanged and the character of the game will change drastically as more empty squares become available (this is good, of course); and so the Rook can simply wait there for awhile and preserve itself for the endgame when it can make more Rook moves.
All in all, this seems to be enough of a sample to indicate that it's a good game. Takes a lot of moves, but they're easy moves because it's not a highly tactical game.
A game with more strategy than tactics seems like just the right sort of thing to play, for example, at a birthday party. Fun and relaxed.
Hans38 with Neutral SquaresWhat if we get rid of the rule about ownership of squares, and just let anybody move any empty square (except, of course, the one just moved by the other player), would the game be better or worse?
1. @@f3 @@f6 2. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 3. @@e3 @e3-d5This is an example of what I didn't like about that rule. Black has "stolen" this square; White can't move it right now, and Black will continue by moving it to e6 and putting a Pawn on it, thus giving himself more mobility than White has; but then White must "recapture" by stealing a square with @e7-f5 then @f5-e3.
This seems like a silly game that isn't chess....
The Game of Infinite ReservesIf you start with an unlimited number of squares in reserve, then of course the board is fully populated after 16 placements each and the game reverts to FIDE Chess; and there's no reason to move empty squares around.
Unless, of course, you add some rule that removes squares from the board.
The obvious rule is that every time a piece leaves a square, the square is removed from the board. It's boring if you start removing pieces too soon, so let's suppose instead that we use the Postal Plus Rule, infinite reserves and you *must* place a square every turn, and start removing squares only after the third turn; that is, starting on the fourth turn, whenever a piece moves the square it leaves is returned to reserves. (When Castling, only the King's square is voided; when capturing en passant, only the capturing Pawn's square is vacated.)
Since you must move a piece every turn, and you must place a square every turn, it follows that the number of squares on the board will be constant. By a happy coincidence, this number turns out to be 38.
Every turn you place a square and move a square, so "stealing squares" doesn't seem very important. We'll use neutral squares, either player can move any empty square except the two that his opponent just touched.
Empty squares move 2 spaces, same as in Hans38.
This game has a snappier pace and a bit more tactics. Even so, it's not as intense as FIDE Chess because "each move next move's madness does prepare": your first action will be to move a piece, and so you must move to a square that is already there; thus, the square you place and the square you move most often determine what you play next move.
Moving Occupied SquaresEmpty squares move 2 spaces, same as in Hans38.
An occupied square moves just one space. You can only move squares occupied by friendly pieces.
The square the King is on cannot move.
Add this rule to The Game of Infinite Reserves, and you get a real slugfest; quintuple check should be possible.
This is an excellent game for international snailmail play; the ability to move two pieces at once can save a lot of postage.
Other GamesI can think of several other variations on this theme that would make good games, but since I'm already up to 300 lines I'll stop.
Written by Ralph Betza.
This is an entry in the Contest to make a chess variant on a board with 38 squares.
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In late June, more than 1,500 workers at a meat processing plant in western Germany contracted COVID-19. Once the limit of 50 new infections per 100,000 inhabitants had been surpassed, the lockdown of the facility and its neighbouring village was later extended to the entire district of Gütersloh, in the state of North-Rhine-Westphalia. It was the first lockdown on this scale since Germany relaxed federal restrictions on May 10.
Most of those infected at the Tönnies company’s slaughterhouse were migrant workers from Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania. They are just a handful of the thousands of people from the EU’s eastern member states who head to Germany every year to work in the country’s food industry.
Germany’s epidemiologists have warned that these massive facilities, with their poor ventilation, running fluids, packed assembly lines, and oft-touched metal surfaces, constitute Petri dishes for infection. They have already noted a significant number of COVID-19 infections among slaughterhouse workers, who are now being tested en masse in at least five federal states. But some figures, including North-Rhine-Westphalia’s Prime Minister Armin Laschet, seemingly shifted the blame onto the workers themselves (Laschet has since “clarified” his statements, made in June, after criticism from federal politicians.)
Tönnies now adorns the frontpages of Germany’s leading newspapers; in some publications and on social media, it has become a popular quip to state that the pigs have a bigger lobby in Germany than the precarious workers who slaughter them. That may change. On May 20, Germany’s Minister of Labour Hubertus Heil presented a new law to ban the outsourcing of labour and hiring processes to subcontractors, obliging Germany’s meat companies to commit to minimum labour standards for migrant workers.
With this outbreak, another chapter has unfolded in Germany’s public discussion about the status of seasonal labour migrants. Labour activists from Europe, East and West, are warning that the COVID-19 pandemic has not only illuminated these existing inequalities — it has deepened them.
Choke on your asparagus
In Germany, the coming of spring is traditionally symbolised by the asparagus and strawberries. More recent tradition holds that they are picked by precarious Bulgarian and Romanian migrant workers — Germany’s agricultural sector hired 300,000 migrant workers in 2019 alone. So when the federal government closed the country’s borders in March due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the German agricultural lobby feared that tonnes of produce could be left to rot in the fields. Therefore, on April 2, Berlin agreed to open Germany’s borders to 80,000 seasonal labour migrants over the following two months. The EU instituted a union-wide exception to travel bans for seasonal labourers.
Almost immediately, thousands of Romanians heeded the call. On April 9, images hit social media of 1,800 people crammed into the small international airport in Cluj-Napoca, due to board four flights to Germany. According to some German media reports, several workers had arrived from the Suceava region, which was technically supposed to be under lockdown. What explained the crowds of people at Cluj airport that day?
Both at home and in Germany, these seasonal labourers were accused of recklessness and stupidity for choosing to work abroad during a pandemic. Rights activists and analysts alike criticised this framing as inaccurate, asking not why workers chose to take such risks, but what the German companies benefitting from their labour could do to keep them safe. After all they were, in the words of the EU directive which exempted them from travel bans, “critical workers.”
For many people in rural Bulgaria, Romania, and other eastern European states with poor employment prospects, seasonal labour migration is a matter of survival.
Polina Manolova, a migration researcher at the University of Tübingen, says that the Bulgarian government that the Bulgarian government’s lack of proactive measures to offer social support for workers intensified poverty, or the fear of impoverishment, during the pandemic:
These are people who have been laid off recently, people who aren’t entitled to any unemployment benefit because there are so many conditions they have to fulfil. A lot of people fall out of the social security net, or work in the grey sector, or are self-employed. I follow recruitment agencies on Facebook, and I have never before seen such massive interest in leaving to work on these jobs.
As this anonymous woman explained to Bulgarian National Radio in April:
Финансова е причината да искам да замина. С 20 паудна си пазарувам храна за цялата седмица и от нищо не се лишавам, а тук не мога да си позволя да си купя сьомга всяка седмица. На 30-и април летя, имам организиран чартърен полет от фермата. Пътувам за Англия. Тази година ми е девети сезон, ходя в една и съща ферма. Фермата е за ягоди, малини, къпини, боровинки. Не се притеснявам, там сме затворено общество. От познати, които са там, знам, че има карантинен период. Спим в каравани, по шест човека сме, имаме отделно баня, тоалетна
The reason is financial for me. With 20 pounds I can do my weekly shopping and I don’t deprive myself of anything. Here I can’t even afford to buy fish each week. I am going on a charter flight organised by the company on April 30. This is my ninth season in this farm. It’s a strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, and blueberry farm. I am not worried because we are like a closed society there. My friends there told me that there is a quarantine period. We are six people in a caravan, we have a shared bathroom and a toilet.
Her words also suggest, as several analysts explained to Global Voices, that wage differentials are a necessary but not sufficient way to explain seasonal labour migration. It offers young families a chance to save for their children’s higher education or houses of their own. It offers social capital; for young men in rural areas, it may as well be considered a rite of passage.
This mainstay of rural life in Romania and Bulgaria was not going to be cut short by the pandemic. Facebook groups recruiting farm workers in the UK, Germany, and the Netherlands teemed with eager workers soliciting advice on how to head overseas. A handful of comments on the Bulgarian-language Brigada UK express concern about the coronavirus and social distancing measures, but most seem undeterred, even comments in April when the pandemic was far worse in many countries.
“With the amount of chemicals they spray over there, there’s no way you’ll get COVID-19!” joked one man on the same page.
Life on the fields
When seasonal workers arrived in Germany, caveats applied. EU regulations, as well as instructions drafted by the German Ministry of Agriculture, obliged them to take a generalised health test before entering the country, whereupon they would have to self-isolate for two weeks. Only chartered flights were permitted, rather than the long bus journeys taken by most labour migrants.
Yet much remained the same. Seasonal labourers were still hired by subcontractors and middlemen rather than the farms or slaughterhouses where they worked. Formally paid the German hourly minimum wage of 9.35 euros, they complain that much of that sum is in fact deducted — not always transparently — to cover flights, food, and accommodation which they consider substandard. Dominique John, project coordinator of Faire Mobilität, an NGO which enforces fair working conditions for migrant labourers in Germany, told Global Voices that his colleagues had noted a rise in complaints of this nature in recent months.
Fundamentally, this precarious employment relationship did not change during the pandemic. As one German farmer told the national tabloid Bild in April:
Deutsche kann ich nicht gebrauchen. Stundenlang gebückt auf dem Feld zu arbeiten, sind die meisten Deutschen nicht gewohnt. Sie klagen schnell über Rückenschmerzen… Der Spargel muss alle ein bis anderthalb Tage gestochen werden. Deutsche fordern die Woche ein, zwei Tage frei. Das geht in der Hochsaison nicht. Rumänen ackern auch sonn- und feiertags
I can’t use Germans. Most Germans aren’t used to toiling away in the fields for hours on end. They quickly complain about backaches. But asparagus has to be picked every one to one and a half days. Germans demand one or two days off per week. That doesn’t cut it in the harvest season. Romanians work away on Sunday and public holidays too.
According to an April 2 concept paper drafted by Germany’s Ministry of Agriculture seen by Global Voices, seasonal labour migrants had to be provided with personal protective equipment (PPE) and be able to work and live at a safe distance distanced from one another. However, in light of the usual standards of accommodation for such workers, researchers and activists such as Manolova doubt that even stricter sanitary measures could be enforced across the board.
The following examples, according to labour rights activists, are not unrepresentative of the living conditions of seasonal labour migrants on farms in Germany and neighbouring Austria:
ErntearbeiterInnen sind meist unsichtbar, bestenfalls sieht mensch kleine Gruppen von ihnen am Feld arbeiten. Gestern…
Ieri am fost împreună cu Oskar Brabanski, Sevghin Mayr, IG BAU și WirtschaftsWoche în vizită la muncitorii din…
In April, other labour activists voice concern at the potential health consequences of the rigorous work regime on the fields:
horror stories from Romanian seasonal workers in Germany continue:
1. Days of quarantine: one. Then, on the fields.
2. Pressured to work 14 hours a day, 100 hours a week!
3. If refusing to work in cold rain, fired on spot. t.co/CCdI9e3AWg
— Daniela Gabor (@DanielaGabor) April 20, 2020
On April 11, a Romanian man working as an asparagus picker in the southern state of Baden-Württemberg was found dead, and had tested positive for coronavirus. He is believed to have entered the country earlier, on March 20. The same month, Romanian workers from Suceava working at the same farm wrote the following letter to Monitorul de Suceava, a local newspaper, complaining about working conditions during the pandemic. The subcontractor who had dispatched them there, they continued, was no longer responding to their phone calls.
Vă scriu pentru că suntem într-o mare dilemă, suntem în locul în care a murit acel bărbat din Suceava, aici nu sunt condiții de protecție, sunt oameni în izolare care muncesc singuri pe câmp. Astăzi a izolat o echipă întreagă de oameni, aici este o femeie care se simte rău și așteaptă medicul de azi dimineață și nu vine nimeni să o vadă. Se lucrează și în hală la sortat sparanghel, aici oamenii stau unul lângă altul, avem măști pe care le purtăm de 5 zile. Au închis porțile firmei și au pus bodyguard, au mers apoi la oameni în câmp și le-au spus că dacă vine poliția să le spună că e totul bine. Vrem să mergem acasă, nu vrem să murim aici pe capete.
I write to you because we are in a great dilemma. We are in the place where that man from Suceava died. There are no means of protection; there are self-isolating people who work alone in the fields. Today a whole team of people were isolated; there’s a woman who feels ill, she’s been waiting for the doctor to come since the morning and nobody comes to see her. People sort asparagus in the hall and stand next to each other. We have masks that we’ve been wearing for five days. They closed the gates of the compound and put guards there, then went to people in the fields and told them that if the police come, they have to tell them that everything is fine. We want to go home. We do not want to die here.
There are grounds to believe that the distribution of working hours has improved in subsequent months. But in light of the employment relationship, a key question remains: what should happen if an agricultural worker in Germany falls ill from COVID-19?
Last year, the Federal Employment Agency stated that nearly 70 percent of agricultural seasonal labourers in Germany were marginally employed on short term “mini jobs,” and therefore did not qualify for health insurance and German social security guarantees. Furthermore, the maximum period in which foreign workers were allowed to work in Germany without them or their employers contributing to the social security system was raised from 70 to 115 days during the pandemic, potentially prolonging their precarious situation.
Throughout May and June, public interest in the fate of seasonal labour migrants rose, as did fears that the incoming labourers would bring COVID-19 with them.
But what went less widely remarked was that eastern Europe had been comparatively successful in its fight against the pandemic. Despite widespread tropes about migrants “bringing disease” to Europe, it was the Romanian and Bulgarian asparagus pickers, not the consumers, were at greater risk from working in Germany — where the number of COVID-19 infections was far higher than in their homelands.
When the crops have been saved and their saviours return to their home countries, it could be worth revisiting this social media user’s words:
Auch muss ich gerade an diese abstrusen Bilder von voriger Woche denken, wo tausende Erntehelfer eng gedrängt an rumänischen Flughäfen standen.
Und ich frage mich: Wie wahrscheinlich ist es, dass ein rumänischer Erntehelfer hier zum Arzt geht wenn er Husten hat? Wer hilft denen?
— Dr. Wu (@Dok_Wu) April 15, 2020
I have to reflect on these abstruse images from the past weeks, where thousands of migrant workers stand back to back in Romanian airports. And I ask myself: how likely is it that a Romanian migrant labourer will go to the doctor here if he has a cough? Who will help him then?
It is a good question. If, indeed, one of those workers is able to visit a doctor in Germany, nothing will be lost in translation — for Germany’s healthcare system, much like many others in Europe, runs with the help of thousands of Romanian doctors who have come in search of a dignified salary. Meanwhile, Romania fights COVID-19 with a shortage of medical personnel.
The new precariat
These examples are German, but they illustrate a story which all Europe shares.
In my own home country of Britain, the question of precarious eastern European labour has become ensnared in a Brexit culture war. Fearing for the fruit harvest, the government launched a “Pick for Britain” campaign in May, extolling patriotic spirit as the solution in a time of closed borders. Few Brits obliged. And so, exceptions to border closures were quickly made for seasonal migrant workers, much to the chagrin of some Brexit supporters. For pro-Europeans, the refusal of their opponents to work on the fields was the strongest evidence of their hypocrisy; precarious labour migrants betokened an idealised European cosmopolitanism drifting out of reach. Between the lines, say experts, a more holistic conversation about labour rights for seasonal migrants was lost.
Valer Simion Cosma, an anthropologist working with labour migrants in rural Romania and an employee of the Zalău History and Art Museum, hopes that the pandemic might raise awareness to Europe’s segmented labour economy:
The management of fresh food supply chains in Europe’s transnational agribusiness relies on cheap, non-unionised, and privately managed labour from low-wage Eastern European countries. The costs and benefits of this material structure are under-appreciated. West European farming benefits from massive EU and national subsidies, crowding out agricultural exports from the Global South. Yet pay and work conditions in the parts of European food supply chains that are not yet automated (such as fresh produce or meatpacking) remain precarious. International supermarkets pit producers against each other, who in turn rely on wage suppression to defend the sectors’ relatively small margins. While in theory, the East European workers enjoy the legal protections awarded to formal labour by EU law, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed, and in some cases sharpened, their often exploitative work conditions. This occurred not just in countries with large informal sectors, weak labour unions a dual labor markets such as Greece, Spain or Italy, but also in countries like Germany, where economic informality is low and, for all the recent erosion, labour relations.
For Hein de Haas, Professor of Sociology at the University of Amsterdam and director of the Migration Institute, the role of seasonal labour migrants in a time of otherwise closed borders underscores the fact that complete autarky has become a fantasy:
There’s a chronic demand for labour across Europe, and this shows it. You can have Brexit or no Brexit, you’re still going to need those workers, and there are few remaining places in Europe other than Romania where you can get them. Over the past 30 years, we’ve been through a process of liberalisation of economies, there have been much more short-term labour contracts and flexibility to recruit migrant labourers, and that’s in total opposition to the publicly stated desire to have less immigration; you can’t have both. You cannot on the one hand liberalise the economy and give more leeway to labour movement and then say that you want less immigration. Politicians play this game about closing borders because there’s political benefits, but at the same time it’s clear.
Trade unions also have to accept that local workers aren’t available for those jobs. It’s also not true that if the wages and conditions were improved, local workers would do that work — look at its social status. Perhaps students will do it, but once they graduate they’re not going to do this. Politicians can say that they want unemployed people to do that work, but the problem is that picking strawberries, asparagus isn’t an easy job! It requires getting up very early and being very motivated, and actually requires some skills. You won’t often find that among other workers. It has proven a complete illusion that you can do without this. We’re talking about very specific sectors — agriculture is one, care work is another, restaurants and dishwashing, hotel industry is another. These sectors can only exist because of that labour coming in.
For the Romanian philosopher Vasile Ernu, the pandemic prompts uncomfortable realisations about the place of his country in the global economy, and the frustrated hopes of the transition to market capitalism. Eastern Europe, he concluded in a column in April for Libertatea, provides the continent’s precariat:
Însă resursa umană cu care România a mai rămas nu mai este una super calificată, adică bine plătită, ci o resursă umană necalificată numită „forţă de muncă ieftină”. Aş spune chiar foarte ieftină şi prost plătită. Atât de ieftină, încît se vinde „sezonier”, „en-gros”, aproape ca buştenii. Dar dacă buştenii se reîntorc în ţară sub forma unor mărfuri prelucrate în fabrici şi cu un preţ mai mare, cetăţenii, „forţa de muncă ieftină”, revin în ţară mai obosiţi, mai bolnavi, mai bătrâni, chiar dacă cu ceva bani adunaţi. Citeşte întreaga ştire: Noul proiect de ţară este neoiobăgia. Statul nu face diferența între bușteni și oameni… […] Avem stare de urgenţă, sau dispare la un telefon din Germania? […] Ce garanţii au aceşti oameni, ce asigurări, ce condiţii sanitare etc.? Ei pleacă pentru câteva luni, căci sunt “sezonieri”: cine le plăteşte carantina când se întorc? Statul german, angajatorii sau statul român? […] Care este proiectul nostru de ţară?
The human resource Romania is left with is no longer highly qualified, or rather, well-paid, but an unqualified resource known as “cheap labour.” Cheap, or poorly paid. So cheap that it is sold “seasonally,” and “wholesale” — almost like logs. But if the logs return to their country of origin in the form of goods processed in factories, to be sold at a higher price, the “cheap labour” citizens return to their country more tired, sick, and older, even if they have raised a little money. Our country’s new project is neo-feudalism. The state does not differentiate between logs and human beings. […] So, do we have a state of emergency, or does it disappear with a phone call from Germany? […] What guarantees do these people have? What insurance, what healthcare? They leave after a few months, because they are “seasonal.” Who pays for their quarantine when they return: the German state, the Romanian state, or their employers? […] What is our national project?
As borders were closed across Europe, some of the continent’s most vulnerable workers saw themselves labelled “critical” and “essential” by Brussels and Berlin. It was a flattering acknowledgement, but one which implicitly invited comparison with their less than flattering employment rights and precarious existence.
If the post-pandemic world returns to “normal,” it behoves Europeans to ask once more about the how our normality came to be and at a cost to whom — the cost to those who toil unseen, the better to nourish our illusions that it may continue forever. | <urn:uuid:e8ee7c14-7ccf-4215-987e-154713c5fc38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gwyneddnews.uk/fruit-picking-in-a-pandemic-europes-precarious-migrant-workers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.936154 | 5,602 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey, joined by her counterparts from 16 other states and the District of Columbia, sued the Trump administration Monday over its new rule that could prohibit thousands of international students from studying in the United States this fall.
The lawsuit seeks an immediate injunction against the new policy and comes amid growing opposition to the proposed regulation, which would ban foreign students from studying in the United States if their courses are held online this fall. The fierce pushback underscores the critical role foreign students now play in the US economy — and in helping universities balance their budgets.
Harvard and MIT filed a separate but similar suit last week and 59 colleges and universities, including many elite New England schools, have now thrown their support behind that effort. The Trump administration plan would require international students to take classes in-person this fall if they wish to remain in the United States but comes as many schools have announced that they plan to teach online this fall amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
College students held a protest rally outside the State House Monday, and public officials at the state and local levels have similarly decried the plan. The cities of Boston and Los Angeles, along with 24 other cities, towns and counties, filed a separate brief Monday supporting Harvard and MIT.
The Healey lawsuit, backed by attorneys general from states including Michigan, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania, calls the federal plan to bar international students “cruel, abrupt, and unlawful.”
“The Trump Administration didn’t even attempt to explain the basis for this senseless rule, which forces schools to choose between keeping their international students enrolled and protecting the health and safety of their campuses,” Healey said in a written statement.
That lawsuit was filed Monday in US District Court in Massachusetts against the Department of Homeland Security and Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which oversee student visas.
Meanwhile, a high-stakes hearing in the Harvard case is scheduled for Tuesday, when lawyers for Harvard and MIT will ask Judge Allison D. Burroughs to issue an injunction blocking the federal government from enforcing the July 6 directive on foreign students. Burroughs is expected to rule before Wednesday, the deadline for schools to certify to the federal government how they plan to conduct courses in the fall.
The 59 schools that back the Harvard/MIT suit — including Boston University, Amherst College, Brandeis University, Brown University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, and Yale University — voiced their support this week in a legal brief, filed in US District Court in Boston.
In the brief, the schools accused the Trump administration of playing politics.
The “true motivation,” the schools argued, “has nothing to do with ensuring that students engage in a ‘full course of study’ or with protecting the integrity of the student visa program. Instead, its purpose ... is to ‘encourage schools to reopen.’ "
All the opposition comes less than a week after ICE officials startled the higher education community with their new plan. It would forbid international students from living in the United States if their schools elect to hold all courses online this fall, due to the pandemic. In normal times, international students are not allowed to take more than one course online, but the federal government waived that requirement this spring and summer because of the pandemic. The new rule is, for the most part, a return to the normal policy, but includes an option for students to return to the United States if their school conducts a hybrid program, with some courses taught in person and others online.
The lawsuit by Healey and the other attorneys general argues that the new rule would harm not only students but colleges, which have spent months planning safe ways for students to resume their studies.
The suit says the new rule fails to consider the health of students, faculty, and staff, if international students are required to attend courses in person, and fails to consider the fact that in some countries, remote learning is not possible for students.
The suit says the rule would impose significant financial harm to schools because they could lose out on the millions of dollars that international students pay in tuition, housing, dining, and other fees. The suit argues that the new rule would also harm the economy, because it would preclude international students from staying to live in the United States. There are 77,000 international students with active visas in Massachusetts and they contribute $3.2 billion to the state economy every year.
The suit also argues that colleges and universities are the very institutions that have a chance of conquering the pandemic, so it is counterintuitive to curtail their ability to continue to educate their students.
The Healey lawsuit includes filings from 40 Massachusetts schools, including Northeastern University, Boston University, and the University of Massachusetts, each explaining how the rule would harm their school and students.
“If allowed to take effect, these rules will create costly, confusing and unnecessary hurdles for our international students and our campus communities, place millions of dollars in university revenue at risk, and deprive the Commonwealth’s economy of a valuable source of talent and innovation,” said UMass president Martin Meehan in a statement on Monday.
Others have also decried the new plan. In a letter sent last Thursday, US Senators Elizabeth Warren and Edward J. Markey, US Representative Ayanna Pressley, and other members of Congress urged the heads of ICE and Homeland Security to abandon the planned change.
More than 100 members of the Massachusetts Legislature, including the House speaker and Senate president, have signed their own bipartisan letter asking the Trump administration to rescind the plan.
The other states joining Healey’s suit are Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin. The California attorney general has also filed a similar suit.
On college campuses, students have mobilized in support of their international classmates. On Monday a group of Emerson College students called on president Lee Pelton and the administration to do more to help International students navigate the uncertainty that the federal plan has induced.
At the rally on the steps of the State House on Monday, international students described the anxiety that has come as a result of the rule.
“It creates a lot of financial uncertainty, professional uncertainty,” said Oya Gursoy, 22, a senior at Harvard College from Turkey. Gursoy said with the time zone difference and other logistical challenges at home, she would not be able to study remotely.
“It’s absolutely not possible to just go back and do this from [home,]” she said.
About 75 people attended the gathering. They chanted “Up, up with education, down down with deportation!” and held signs that said “Crush some ICE,” and “I love someone on an F1” and “I am not a visa!”
Speaking into the microphone through his mask, Davy Deng, 24 a Chinese student studying epidemiology at Harvard, said it might be possible to work from home, but the bookwork is not what draws people to a US education.
“What attracted me and many other people to America is the diversity. This creative, vibrant community of scholars,” he said. | <urn:uuid:93f198b6-bfd4-4b52-a428-fe187e10b6b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/07/13/metro/healey-leads-ags-lawsuit-over-trumps-foreign-student-ban/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.957666 | 1,513 | 1.703125 | 2 |
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A significant body of work has emerged from multiple laboratories over the past several years demonstrating cortical neurogenesis in the embryonic subventricular zone (SVZ). The role of SVZ precursor cells as a major source of cortical neurogenesis was not appreciated at the time that Van Essen formulated his hypotheses on cortical expansion and gyrification1. Our basic premise concerns the potential significance of a newly described neuronal progenitor cell type found in the SVZ, referred to as an intermediate progenitor (IP) cell. IP cells have been best characterized in rodents, but similar cells have been described in primate cortex2. In fact, the primate ventricular zone becomes very thin at the onset of cortical neurogenesis, and the SVZ might be the major source of neurogenesis in the primate visual system2. Our paper speculates on the impact of IP cell neurogenesis on features of cortical development, particularly the generation of upper cortical layers, and cortical expansion. Our remarks about the possible evolutionary roles of IP cells owe much to the observation that the SVZ is practically non-existent in the simple three-layered reptilian cortex3, is appreciable in rodents and is extremely large in primates. If the primate embryonic SVZ harbours large numbers of IP cells, as we propose, the production of neurons from this region cannot be overlooked in models of cortical development and cortical expansion. It is not our intention to dismiss previous hypotheses, but to suggest that a revision that incorporates recent findings might be appropriate.
Dr Van Essen faults our work as reversing cause and effect, claiming that the width of the SVZ is dependent on the presence of axonal fibres, and thereby suggesting that it is not correlated with cortical neurogenesis. But one could argue that this is putting the cart before the horse, as the embryonic SVZ is a neurogenic compartment that produces the very cortical neurons that later send axonal projections through various cortical structures. Cause-and-effect relationships between cell generation and cell maturation will need to be examined through experimentation and manipulation to determine the precise relationship between the size of the SVZ and cortical expansion. For example, absence of sonic hedgehog (SHH) during cerebellar development results in a smooth, unfoliated cerebellar cortex in which sulci are completely lacking. By contrast, overexpression of SHH produces extra foliation and tangentially expanded cerebellar lobules4. Interestingly, SHH appears to mediate this effect by stimulating the proliferation of precursor cells in the external granular layer4, providing a strong link between the degree of cortical folding and the levels of proliferation. These findings support our concept that proliferation might be relevant to gyral formation in the cerebral cortex as well.
Dr Van Essen is correct to point out that in our figure 3b, the brackets include stratified transitional fields, and should not have been identified as the SVZ per se. However, during stages of cortical neurogenesis in the rodent, the stratified transitional fields overlap with the SVZ and with the intermediate zone5, regions where many IP cells reside. Van Essen implies that neurogenesis does not occur in the intermediate zone. However, as pointed out by Altman and Bayer in the work cited by Van Essen, we know comparatively little about cortical neurogenesis in humans, and in the absence of hard data the best we can do is “extrapolate from the combined experimentally established sequence of cortical neurogenesis and transitional field stratification in rats to humans” (Ref. 6). Most important for the arguments we make in our hypothesis, IP cells in rodents are not restricted to the SVZ, but are also found in the outer margin of the ventricular zone and in the intermediate zone (Ref. 7 and S.C.N., V.M.-C. and A.R.K., unpublished observations). The development of markers for human IP cells will aid in determining to what extent IP cells are present in the human stratified fields, and to what extent cortical neurogenesis occurs in these compartments.
An understanding of the mechanism that produces the human smooth cortex disorder lissencephaly might be expected to shed light on our discussion. In classical lissencephaly the cortex is reduced to an agyric four-layered structure. Mutations in the LIS1 gene are one of the causes of classical lissencephaly8, and the effects of reducing LIS1 protein levels have been studied in the developing mouse cortex. In addition to defects in neuronal migration, IP cell production is severely reduced9, but there are also significant reductions in radial glial cell division and abnormalities in axon formation9,10. Not only do these results not rule out the models of cortical expansion under discussion, they could even be interpreted as supporting each. In conclusion, we believe that our hypothesis does not contradict that of Van Essen. Instead, we believe that existing hypotheses must account for emerging data, and be flexible enough to incorporate new findings concerning cortical histogenesis.
Van Essen, D. C. A tension-based theory of morphogenesis and compact wiring in the central nervous system. Nature 385, 313–318 (1997).
Smart, I. H., Dehay, C., Giroud, P., Berland, M. & Kennedy, H. Unique morphological features of the proliferative zones and postmitotic compartments of the neural epithelium giving rise to striate and extrastriate cortex in the monkey. Cereb. Cortex 12, 37–53 (2002).
Martínez-Cerdeño, V., Noctor, S. C. & Kriegstein, A. R. The role of intermediate progenitor cells in the evolutionary expansion of the cerebral cortex. Cereb. Cortex 16 (Suppl. 1), i152–i161 (2006).
Corrales, J. D., Blaess, S., Mahoney, E. M. & Joyner, A. L. The level of sonic hedgehog signaling regulates the complexity of cerebellar foliation. Development 133, 1811–1821 (2006).
Bayer, S. A. & Altman, J. Neocortical Development. 18 (Raven, New York, 1991).
Altman, J. & Bayer, S. A. Regional differences in the stratified transitional field and the honeycomb matrix of the developing human cerebral cortex. J. Neurocytol. 31, 613–632 (2002).
Takahashi, T., Nowakowski, R. S. & Caviness, V. S. Jr. Early ontogeny of the secondary proliferative population of the embryonic murine cerebral wall. J. Neurosci. 15, 6058–6068 (1995).
Pilz, D. T. et al. LIS1 and XLIS (DCX) mutations cause most classical lissencephaly, but different patterns of malformation. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 2029–2037 (1998).
Tsai, J. W., Chen, Y., Kriegstein, A. R. & Vallee, R. B. LIS1 RNA interference blocks neural stem cell division, morphogenesis, and motility at multiple stages. J. Cell Biol. 170, 935–945 (2005).
Gambello, M. J. et al. Multiple dose-dependent effects of Lis1 on cerebral cortical development. J. Neurosci. 23, 1719–1729 (2003).
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Kriegstein, A., Martínez Cerdeño, V. & Noctor, S. Perspective authors' response: Patterns of neural stem and progenitor cell division may underlie evolutionary cortical expansion. Nat Rev Neurosci 8, 989 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2008-c2 | <urn:uuid:22bfd2bc-130d-480c-a89e-0cd8ab310a73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn2008-c2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=85805831-f104-490f-9e9a-a551dfce8b62 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.890866 | 1,674 | 2.140625 | 2 |
They are the nation's scapegoats of choice.
From feverish community meetings in Bayville, New York, to the inner sanctum of the California governor's mansion, illegal immigrants have re-emerged as the incarnation of all that bedevils America. The stereotype: job-stealing, crime-committing freeloaders who deny U.S. citizens a better life. That independent economic studies and other hard data repeatedly contradict these notions doesn't seem to matter. The myths drive politics and so they drive policy.
We are about to begin another phase of the debate over illegal immigrants: What should happen when Washington finally guarantees health insurance to everyone - except illegal immigrants.
Sensing the political explosion imminent if illegal immigrants received "health security cards," President Clinton excluded them. This directly contradicts the two central tenets of the White House health plan. One is that preventive care - taking good care of people before they get sick - will cut costs. The other is that universal coverage - covering everyone to prevent the overcharging and inefficiencies that result from giving care to the uninsured - is key to huge cost reductions.
The administration doesn't pretend illegal immigrants will disappear or miraculously stop suffering from injuries and illness. It envisions them getting health care largely the way they do now: in taxpayer-funded public health clinics. Or, more likely, in emergency rooms when they are sick or seriously injured, getting "free" care paid for by taxpayers and private insurers.
Officials say they will leave intact about half the $12 billion the federal government now pays to hospitals that treat a disproportionate share of the uninsured. This is meant to cover care for illegal immigrants. They argue that illegal immigrants who have jobs would be covered by their employers, with a 20 percent employee contribution. But this argument brings to light another contradiction. It is unlawful to employ illegal immigrants. So what employer with an illegal worker is going to contract with a government-run health "alliance" and admit the alien is on the payroll just to pay for insurance?
How will the children of immigrants get their health care? Babies born in the United States are citizens, regardless of parentage. These babies are entitled to care under the Clinton plan. So here is another conundrum. A seriously ill mother might well get a routine shot or a checkup for her child, but not be able to seek care for herself.
Kevin Anderson, the chief White House spokesman on health care, offered many rationales for leaving illegal immigrants uninsured, including cost. This false reasoning is exposed with Anderson's concession that immigrants will still get care the current, inefficient way, with the government and taxpayers indirectly paying for it. Another of his justifications touched on a greater shibboleth: "We don't want to create any more of a magnet for illegal immigration than we already have."
But this contradicts the president, who doesn't really believe that's so. In Sacramento recently, Clinton said, "Most immigrants, keep in mind, come here illegally - not for the social services. Most of them come here for the jobs."Yes. And most pay taxes that outstrip social service payments some receive.
In a moment of candor, Anderson gave the real reason for leaving undocumented aliens out: "We don't want to see health reform crucified on the cross of other social issues that need to be dealt with separately."
Now, if only Clinton and other politicians would deal with them. | <urn:uuid:cec41964-1300-4211-9de0-af0524e0f3d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1993-10-16-9310140322-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.962748 | 699 | 1.828125 | 2 |
By the Editor: Siddharth Sehgal
Elections come and go but hardly the condition of education in the country ever make it to the manifesto, what does reach the declaration statement is the reservation in education but despite all the glittery language the condition remains grim. The problem is not only the access to education but also of disparity.
To better explain my point, I’d like to take the case of children living at orphanage called Sharda Balgram run by Ram Krishna Mission, Gwalior where I got the opportunity to interact and mentor these kids. The children, all from impoverished backgrounds, stay in hostels at Balgram premises and study at a school also inside the orphanage premises. Some of the kids were rescued from the streets where they were forced into labor or begging. Though the orphanage provides accommodation and education facilities to the best of its capability, it costs a fortune to pay for necessities and care of students and because the kind of circumstances they have seen in their lives, they often fall behind other well-off students who don’t have to worry about two meals a day. In Indian education system, like others in the world, academic capabilities are measured in CGPA, grades and percentages whereas no thought is given to the background of a student. I’d consider 30 marks of a child, who was rescued from a factory, far better than 70 points of the kid who gets to play video games at home. It’s like comparing Apples to Oranges but the funny part is that this label of grades gets stuck with a student for life.
If a child from Balgram wants to study at premier institutions of this country such as IITs and IIMs, he will find the doors of these schools closed. And that’s the biggest irony of Indian education, it’s not the students that fail, it’s the schools, colleges, the whole system that fails them and somehow Indian government does not find it a problem. We Indians want our kids to study at Harvard, Cal Tech, yet there are many kids like those at Balgram for whom getting a decent education is all they could dream off. We expect these kids to speak fluent English but we refuse to educated them in a profession where he may stand at his own feat one day. We consider marks in an exam as a criterion of academic strength, but the thing is you can ace many of these exams if you can cram things good enough.
We must change the way we think about education, we have to include more empathy in our education system not international schools with astronomical fees. | <urn:uuid:04c21e2e-840d-47a3-bde5-bd571371048f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indianperiodical.com/2018/11/thinking-of-rethinking-the-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.971577 | 532 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Did you know there are less than 50 days until Christmas? The holiday season is rapidly approaching and is just about upon us. Some individuals have already begun their holiday shopping. And while the holiday season can be busy with parties, making travel arrangements, planning meals, and shopping, spending money can get out of control. Here are some basic money management tips to keep control of your expenses and spending this holiday season.
Plan and organize. ‘Tis the season to be overwhelmed. It’s easy to become stressed and overwhelmed when you think about the all the gifts you’d like to buy for friends and family, as well as the costs and expenses associated with gift-buying, hosting parties, and travel. However, reduce your stress this holiday season by organizing and planning ahead of time.
One way to effectively track gift buying and costs is to make a list or spreadsheet, set up a separate bank account, or participate in a Christmas club through a bank. Find the best way to manage and track gifts, expenses, and stick to a budget throughout the season. This will ensure you maintain all expenses, plan for each one, as well as avoid overspending.
Watch for deals. Each year most retail stores will put out advertisements promoting sales and other promotions. Additionally, newspapers and other ads will often publish articles on the stores that have the best deals for the season. Keep watch for these publications so you know you are always getting the best deals when you are doing your holiday shopping. Sometimes, if you really pay attention to ads and sales, you could end up saving more than what you originally planned and allocated.
Don’t forget about your own bills. While it is the season to think and buy for others, don’t forget about your own bills. During the holiday season, it is easy to go a little crazy and overspend. However, while it may be exciting to buy and wrap gifts for children, friends, and family, it’s important not to forget about your regular bills. While you might be planning and saving for gifts, you don’t want this efficiency to have an adverse effect and put you in a deeper hole with your regular bills.
One way to avoid doing this is saving a little each week or every other week from each paycheck. That way, when it’s time to begin your holiday shopping, you will already have a little put aside that is extra that you will be able to spend on gifts, without forgetting about your own bills.
Finally, while we are quickly approaching the time of year to enjoy ourselves, it can also be a stressful time of year. If you need cash now to begin your holiday shopping, or a little extra for your regular bills, contact Affordable Title Loanstoday to see if your title loan application can be approved in as little as fifteen minutes. Find out today how title loans can help you this holiday season. | <urn:uuid:51da43b0-7165-4e05-935c-1866c354f231> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://affordabletitleloans.com/index.php/en/learning-center/96-money-management-for-the-holidays | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.967931 | 596 | 2.03125 | 2 |
|Julie Lythcott-Haims, once a university dean, is working to reverse societal factors that lead to widespread anxiety and depression among students.
It can seem like the very purpose of childhood these days is to get into the “right” college. As we put more on kids’ plates and take autonomy and control away from them, children develop anxiety and depression. The teens I hear from say spending money on mental health resources while refusing to dismantle the achieve-at-all-costs mentality gets us nowhere.
Can we be brave enough to ask kids what it feels like to be a child in our community? Can we listen to what they say? Can we commit to being the adults who will make childhood healthy for children once again?
I think we have no choice but to do so.
The nonprofit organization Challenge Success (founded by Stanford lecturer Denise Pope) recommends “PDF” as the protective factors against anxiety, depression, self-harm and cheating behaviors that do not compromise rigor or achievement. P stands for playtime. D is downtime. F is family time.
It’s hardly rocket science. Nevertheless, it takes guts to prioritize such things when everyone around us is gunning for higher grades and test scores and more accolades and awards for children and, in the aggregate, for schools.
Playtime may be the hardest to come by. According to psychologist Peter Gray, free play is essential because it’s when children learn how to interact with others, develop creativity and imagination, strengthen their bodies and process what they have learned. But instead of letting kids play freely, these days we put them in cages of enrichment, where every hour outside of school is attended by adults and geared toward yielding tangible benefits for their future. The superintendent in Wilton, Conn., Kevin Smith, recently created a Free Play Matters Task Force to restore free play in the community. And at Swanson Primary School in Auckland, New Zealand, principal Bruce McLachlan eliminated all rules at recess, resulting in a decrease in injuries, bullying and vandalism and an increase in classroom concentration. The nonprofit Let Grow offers practical advice for communities wanting to bring children back outside. If you’re ready to get started, consider Gray’s advice: “You want to know what free play is? If there’s an adult present, that’s not it.”
Downtime can exist only in the absence of constant busyness. It allows kids to process and reflect upon what they’ve experienced and to decide for themselves what to do next. This builds resilience, imagination and critical thinking. We have to prioritize downtime and reduce the number of activities accordingly.
We also must ensure kids aren’t crushed by the volume of homework. You can champion Denise Pope’s view on the purpose and value of homework (“don’t confuse rigor with load”) and know when the volume crosses the line. Also consider joining the districts that either cap the number of Advanced Placement courses a student can take in high school at five (based on research that five is the upper limit as a predictor of success in college) or outright eliminate APs in furtherance of honors courses developed by the school’s faculty.
My children’s school district, Palo Alto Unified in California, had little choice but to make big changes after two recent suicide clusters claimed the lives of 10 students. With the help of Challenge Success and other influencers, the district implemented these changes to improve student mental health and wellness in our two high schools: (1) a later school start time; (2) a block schedule to stagger homework assignments and due dates; and (3) course exams scheduled before holidays to give students a true break.
Family time is the third protective factor. It can be any regular time when kids and parents can be together. Lives are hectic and calendars rarely align — I know this well with a teenage daughter devoted to dance practices five or more days a week. But if we let family time go, we begin to erode not only the protection it offers our kids but the very fabric of our relationships. With my daughter heading off to college in three months, I deeply regret that we didn’t find a way to have dinner together more often.
In addition to the PDF strategy advocated by Challenge Success, children are mentally well when they are given the agency to accomplish tasks on their own. This means parents need to do less hovering, reminding and rescuing and instead allow kids to be responsible for their own choices and outcomes. This inherently entails allowing kids to fail, which builds grit, resilience and greater competency.
Consider adopting a school policy that parents may not bring forgotten homework, sporting equipment or bag lunches to school. Consider a policy that parents must not do the child’s homework. If you have a school gradebook portal that allows parents to get updates more regularly than quarterly, consider turning that option off.
Finally, we must champion the fact that there are plenty of wonderful college choices beyond the most highly selective schools. Kids don’t have to mortgage a healthy childhood to get into a good college, period.
Make these efforts and your students will thank you. In the long run, their parents will thank you too.
former dean of freshmen at Stanford University, is the author of How to Raise an Adult
. Twitter: @deanjulie | <urn:uuid:3358a61b-34f6-4e68-9aa7-2f869336e54a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://my.aasa.org/AASA/Resources/SAMag/2019/Jun19/Lythcott-Haims.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.944674 | 1,144 | 2.875 | 3 |
The multi-tool is a device that has a variety of functions that can be used for various purposes. They can be used for everything from survival to bike riding. There are many types of multi-tools including those that are used to cut, saw, pry, hammer, and even use pliers.
They also help you save space and weight in your bag. You can easily pack your multi tool in your pocket and it doesn’t take up much space. This means you can have a tool in your bag anytime, anywhere.
In this article, we will cover the top 5 multi tools. From camping to hiking, to building a birdhouse, and help you buy the one that best suits your needs.
How to choose the Best Multi Tool for you
When it comes to buying a multi-tool, there are several things that you need to consider:
Blade: You need to make sure that the blade is made of high-quality material and is strong enough to do cutting and sawing tasks. Most multi tools are made from stainless steel or aluminium.
Handle: The handle of the multi-tool should be made of high-quality material that will not break or crack when used. Make sure the handle is strong enough and comfortable to use.
Multi-tool sizes: You need to choose a tool of the right size depending on what you need it for. The most common sizes are in the range of 5 inches to 10 inches.
Locking Mechanisms: These tools usually have locking bolts that secure the blades and handle. The locking mechanism should be strong enough to keep the blades locked in place while in use and still allow the multi tool to open with one hand.
Weight: The weight of a multi-tool is important as you will be carrying it around with you. Choose a multi tool that is lightweight enough to be carried anywhere.
Serrated or Plain blades: Some multi-tools have serrated blades that are used for sawing and cutting tough materials. Other multi-tools have a plain blade that is used for smaller tasks.
Where and when to use your Multi-Tool
There are several scenarios where you might need to use your multi-tool. It will be a great choice when you are:
For survival or hunting: To cut wood, saw branches, cut rope or save yourself in a case of emergency. You can also use the pliers to break glass and windows and a hammer to save yourself.
If you mountain bike: For adjusting your chain and other small tasks on your bike. Important features include a chain breaker which comes in handy if your chain breaks during an off-road ride. The pliers are also a handy feature.
When camping: For repairing things such as tents and other outdoor gear. The serrated blade is great for cutting things like tent pegs, branches and tent poles.
For hiking or camping: For setting up tents and cooking with your camp stove. The hammer is also perfect for breaking up firewood or rocks when building a fire pit. The pliers can be used to fix bikes and other equipment in case they break during hiking.
The Best Multi Tools to buy
1. Leatherman Surge Multi-Tool
The Leatherman Surge Multi-Tool comes in many tools. The blades are designed for many different uses. It’s the perfect multi-tool for hiking, camping, fishing, and any other outdoor activity that you would need it for. They are strong and durable, so you never have to be worried about your new multi-tool breaking. The tools are smooth and comfortable to use.
It features stainless steel construction, a nylon sheath, outside-opening blades, and the strongest spring-loaded scissors on the market. It also includes 4 outside-opening blades, a saw blade and diamond/wood file blades.
2. Gerber Suspension Multi-Tool
The Gerber Suspension Multi Tool has a lightweight, open-frame design that is ideal for everyday tasks. The convenient, easily accessible butterfly opening allows for easy, one-handed operation. The Saf.T.Plus locking knife and tools are convenient, as well as being easily accessible. The ballistic nylon sheath included ensures your tools are always with you. The 12 tools include needle-nose spring-loaded pliers, serrated edge knife, wire cutters, Scissors, and a saw.
3. Leatherman Supertool 300
The Leatherman Supertool 300 is the ideal tool for professional and recreational use. The large pliers and powerful wire cutters make it an essential tool for outdoor and industrial use. A sloped-top handle design provides a comfortable grip and reduces wrist strain. All locking blades are easily accessible and the comfort-sculpted handles provide a secure grip even in wet conditions. The Supertool 300 includes a molle sheath for convenient carrying options.
4. Victorinox Huntsman Swiss Army Knife
The Victorinox Huntsman Swiss Army Knife is the perfect companion for your active lifestyle. This versatile tool has everything you need to cut through the most demanding tasks. Boasting an iconic sleek functionality and a lightweight feel, this knife is perfect for everyday adventures.
5. Victorinox Champ SOS Swiss Army Knife
The Victorinox Champ SOS Swiss Army Knife is a lightweight tool that can tackle everyday adventures and more. The iconic sleek functionality allows versatile and seamless access to 33 different tools that are perfect for the modern adventurer. This Swiss Army knife is ambidextrous, meaning it’s equally easy to use with either hand.
Based on our analysis of the top products, we highly recommend the Leatherman Wave Multitool. This tool is one of the most versatile multi-tools on the market and it is a must-have in your bag.
The Victorinox has high-quality material and has been designed for functionality, efficiency, and safety.
These tools should be lightweight and not too heavy. You don’t want it weighing you down when you’re out hiking or doing other outdoor activities. | <urn:uuid:d441a263-e413-46c1-b312-77953642f47c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bestreview.co.nz/best-multi-tools-nz/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.935257 | 1,234 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Nanoparticle medicine specialist Nanoform (Helsinki, Finland) and Boehringer Ingelheim (Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany) will collaborate on proof-of-concept studies related to Nanoform’s CESS technology.
The master services agreement enables the two parties to move forward with pre-clinical research related to CESS, an acronym for “Controlled Expansion of Supercritical Solutions.”
CESS has the potential to optimize the bioavailability and solubility of new drug candidates, according to Nanoform, which are central drivers of drug development failures.
“This is the first step toward what we hope will be a long and fruitful partnership between our companies,” said Christian Jones, CCO of Nanoform, in a statement.
Earlier this year, Nanoform struck a deal with Celanese Corp. (NYSE:CE), a specialty materials company. The two companies intend to collaborate on nanoparticle-enabled drug delivery to use Celanese’s copolymer delivery technology for drug-eluting implants.
The two companies will endeavor to create novel drug-delivery technologies that facilitate drug loading and sustained release capabilities.
Irving, Texas–headquartered Celanese has a background developing drug-eluting implants for various applications, including implants for women’s health, ophthalmology and central nervous system disorders.
Earlier this year, Nanoform announced another collaboration with Aprecia (Ash, Ohio), a 3-D printing pharma company.
The two companies will explore buccal and oral delivery techniques to enable the rapid absorption of pharmaceuticals. | <urn:uuid:4171f215-fcf8-438a-b12b-66d71ef29d79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pharmaceuticalprocessingworld.com/nanoform-and-boehringer-ingelheim-execute-master-services-agreement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.888854 | 338 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Progress Against the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – What’s Needed Now?
07 July 2021
By UN Timor-Leste Resident Coordinator Roy Trivedy
Since 2020, we have seen development progress worldwide come under pressure and levels of inequality have increased
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected development worldwide. At the start of the pandemic in 2020, the United Nations system together with other development organisations warned that nations would need to protect their previously hard-won ‘development gains’ for us to continue to see progress against the SDGs and achieve the 2030 agenda. Since 2020, we have seen development progress worldwide come under pressure and levels of inequality have increased within countries, as well as between countries. An additional factor that has set progress back is that in virtually every country, employment and livelihoods, health, education, social protection, and other services, especially those supporting the most vulnerable individuals and communities, have been massively disrupted. Humanitarian and development agencies worldwide have had to re-prioritise their work and many longer-term programmes have been temporarily halted.
It is perhaps too soon to confidently name the countries that have been able to protect their citizens most effectively during the pandemic and ensure that ‘progress on key development indicators’ has not regressed. Decisions and actions taken during the next 12-18 months will determine whether pandemic recovery plans will put the world on a course to reach the globally agreed SDGs that aim to boost sustainable economic growth and social well-being while protecting the environment.
Given this context, it is interesting to see the data released this week in The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021, by the United Nations. The Report notes that COVID-19 has caused a major disruption to people’s lives and livelihoods. While progress to achieve the SDGs had been slow even before the pandemic struck, an additional 119-124 million people were pushed into poverty in 2020. An equivalent of 255 million full-time jobs were lost, and the number of people suffering from hunger, which was already climbing before the pandemic, may have increased by 83-132 million.
The economic slowdown in 2020 did little to slow the climate crisis. Concentrations of major greenhouse gases have continued to increase, while the global average temperature was about 1.2°C above pre-industrial levels, dangerously close to the 1.5°C limits established in the Paris Agreement. The Report also notes that global flows of foreign direct investment fell by 40% in 2020 compared to 2019. The pandemic has brought immense financial challenges, especially for developing countries – with a significant rise in debt distress affecting many poorer countries.
Some additional key facts and figures highlighted in the Report:
The global extreme poverty rate rose for the first time since 1998, from 8.4% in 2019 to 9.5% in 2020.
Pandemic-related shocks are likely to trigger a rise in stunting, which already affects more than one in five children worldwide.
The pandemic has halted or reversed progress in health and poses major threats beyond the disease itself. About 90% of countries are still reporting one or more disruptions to essential health services.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on schooling is a ‘generational catastrophe.’ An additional 101 million children and the youth fell below the minimum reading proficiency level, wiping out the education gains achieved over the last two decades.
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected progress towards gender equality: violence against women and girls has intensified; child marriage is expected to increase; and women have suffered a disproportionate share of job losses and increased care work at home.
Although the economic recovery is underway, led by China and the United States, for many other countries, economic growth is not expected to return to pre-pandemic levels before 2022 or 2023.
The world fell short on 2020 targets to halt biodiversity loss and 10 million hectares of forest being lost each year between 2015-2020.
While net official development assistance increased in 2020 to a total of $161 billion, this still falls well short of what is needed to respond to the COVID-19 crisis and to meet the long-established target of 0.7% of GNI for development assistance.
The SDGs represent the world’s best antidote to hunger, poverty and growing inequality and the best route to sustainable and equitable growth for all. To get the SDGs back on track, governments, cities, businesses, industries, and all development partners have to use the recovery to adopt low-carbon, resilient and inclusive development pathways that will reduce carbon emissions, conserve natural resources, create better jobs, advance gender equality and tackle growing inequities.
Like all countries, Timor-Leste has struggled to deal with the pandemic. The table below taken from UN ESCAP’s Sustainable Development Report 2021 summarises Timor-Leste’s progress against the SDGs based on data up to the end of 2020.
The table shows the areas where Timor-Leste is making progress, areas where significant challenges exist to further progress, areas that need to continue prioritisation by government, businesses, communities and development partners and also areas where additional data is required to monitor progress. An additional factor for Timor-Leste is the impact of the floods caused by Cyclone Seroja in April 2021, this has exacerbated many of the challenges that the country faces in progressing the SDGs. We need a concerted effort now to progress this agenda for Timor-Leste and the world to achieve our development aspirations.
The author is United Nations Resident Coordinator in Timor-Leste. He has worked in international development for more than three decades. Previously he worked for the Department for International Development (DFID), UK, for more than 13 years in various roles in the UK, Africa, and Asia.
The author is grateful to his friend Matt Morris for his encouragement and support in preparing this. | <urn:uuid:4f5f2d85-d42a-43dc-bbeb-4df1dd3cf18c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://timorleste.un.org/en/134859-progress-against-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs-whats-needed-now | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.955858 | 1,223 | 2.75 | 3 |
Psalm 121 would be a ‘lock’ in the Very Best of the Psalms collection for many – a sweet reminder of God’s steadfast faithfulness.
It’s part of a ‘book within a book’: the Songs of Ascent that the Israelites would sing together as they ascended the hill on pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
121 is beautiful because it focuses on the faithfulness of God rather than our frailty. Like those climbing the hill, we have a tendency to take our eyes off the One in whom I help lies. For the Israelites, this often meant fashioning other gods out of stone and wood and putting them in the ‘high places’. There seems this ongoing cycle of repentance and rebellion through the Old Testament as incoming kings purify and consecrate the city by tearing down the gods of their own construction and turn them back to the maker of heaven and earth. And then, within a generation, doing evil and creating a hundred more gods in their place.
We like ourselves a good god. We go about seeking these gods through the things we deem super-important. These are gods we place between us and our creator. So when the tribes ascend the hill, reminding themselves of where they’re real hope lies, their first sighting is likely the gods of their own construction. In that moment, there’s a realisation: that’s not real hope. Their hope/our hope is higher. And stronger. And greater. Our help comes from the Lord who made heaven and earth.
Can the objects of our affection deliver us steadfast love? Safety and security? Can they keep us from evil? Preserve our lives and watch over our coming and our going. Well, CCT can do some of those things (!) but it’s hardly moderated through the currency of love.
121 is a catalyst, reminding us that our living hope is in the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, to a inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled and unfading (1 Peter 1:3-4). It’s an invitation to turn again to Jesus and, in His light, be reassured of His preeminence, all-sufficiency and everlasting love. And to know that it is Jesus who does the heavy lifting and presents the church in all her glory, having no spot or wrinkle or any such thing; but that holy and blameless in Him (Ephesians 5:27).
The Lord will keep your going out and your coming in from this time forth and forevermore. | <urn:uuid:c018ec32-1744-4295-91a8-49c9eb365f40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://thebigtable.org.au/psalm/praying-psalms-psalm-121/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.940197 | 529 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Dinner vs Supper
Dinner and supper are mostly interchangeable, so they are synonyms. There is only a difference between them depending on the geographical location, and culture.
Namely, in some places dinner is a meal close to lunch, and supper is the evening meal. Lunch and dinner are synonyms in those places, and supper is the final meal of the day.
Usually, dinner is most commonly used as the word for the evening meal. In the UK supper is used. Elsewhere in the world, this is dependent on the culture.
Breakfast meaning | Breakfast in a Sentence | Most common words in English #shorts
Dinner vs Diner
Dinner is a meal taken during the evening. It follows lunch, which is in the afternoon. Dinner is usually the last meal of the day, and can be taken at any point during the evening.
A diner is a type of restaurant prominent in the USA. A diner serves home-style cooking, and offers a selection of beverages. Diners are famous for working 24 hours a day.
So, dinner is a meal you can have anywhere, and it’s the last meal of the day. A diner is a restaurant that you can eat in at any time of the day.
Diner vs Dinner UK
Diners are very specific to American culture. However, there are diner types of restaurants all over the world. In the UK pubs more commonly serve as types of diners.
Dinner in the UK is a very special meal. Because people often work and have lunch outside of the house, dinner is the meal where the family gets together.
Dinner or Diner Out?
Dinner and diner cannot be used as verbs, they are only nouns. So “dinner out,” or “diner out” are incorrect.
The proper way to structure this statement is – eat out, or dine out. When you say you are “eating out,” or “dining out,” that means you are going to a restaurant to have food.
For Dinner or Diner?
A diner is a place where you can get food. It has its own menu so you can choose something from it. However, when you want to have something to eat you ask “for dinner.”
You can have various food “for dinner.” In that case “for diner” is incorrect.
Have a Dinner or a Diner?
You can “have dinner,” you can’t “have diner.” To “have dinner” means to have a meal in the evening.
Spelling for Dinner or Diner
Dinner is always spelled with two N, and this is the evening meal. A diner, spelled with one N, is a place where you can have food. So remember, two N is the meal, one N is the place.
Is Dinner a Lunch or a Supper?
In most places around the world dinner is a synonym to supper. Dinner is supper. However, there are places with cultural differences where this is not the case.
In some places dinner is lunch. This is not the most common occurrence. So, in the dictionary dinner and supper are synonyms.
To Dinner or For Dinner?
The correct way to say it is “for dinner.” “To dinner” is not grammatically correct. In order to ask what you are going to eat, or suggest something, you say what you want or what is “for dinner.”
Dinner or Supper UK?
In the UK supper is the most common word used for the evening meal. Sometimes they do use dinner, but that is rare. The most frequent word in their vocabulary is supper.
Are Dinner and Lunch the same thing?
Dinner and lunch are not the same thing. Lunch is the common afternoon meal, and dinner is the evening meal.
Are Dinner and Supper the same?
Dinner and supper are most commonly used as synonyms. They mean the same thing, and they both describe the evening meal.
There are several synonyms to diner. Like:
- lunchroom, etc.
However, all of these synonyms have a different cultural connotation. A diner is very specific to American culture, so these other synonyms are common in other cultures.
Can Dinner be a verb?
Dinner is exclusively a noun, and it cannot be used as a verb. Constructions such as “to dinner” are incorrect.
Can Dinner be used as a noun?
Dinner is exclusively used as a noun, and it cannot be any other word type.
Diner vs Dejeuner
Dejeuner is the French verb form which means “to have lunch, or breakfast.” It is used when people want to have something to eat. A diner, as a place where people can eat, cannot be used as a verb form.
While these things do not mean the same thing, they have a similar meaning in context.
Diner vs Dive
A diner is primarily a place to eat, and more often than not they do not serve alcohol.
A dive, or dive bar, is a place where people go to get drinks. Dive bars are oftentimes shady and cheap, so people just “dive in” to get a drink.
Diner vs Fast Food
Diners and fast foods are often confused for one another, even though they have little in common. A diner serves home-cooked meals, such as eggs and bacon, pies, and coffee. Fast foods serve sandwiches, hamburgers, or hot dogs and other types of drinks.
In diners people often sit down and have their meal for a longer period, while in fast foods people often eat on their feet. The types of food and the clientele are different between the two.
Diner vs Souper
A souper is an old word used to describe places where they serve exclusively soups. These types of places are not so common any longer, but soups are still served exclusively. In a diner the food is versatile. | <urn:uuid:bca9ba94-74ec-4c34-bc96-f81eb5c47336> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.myenglishteacher.eu/blog/dinner-vs-supper-dinner-vs-diner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.970513 | 1,321 | 2.90625 | 3 |
To provide utmost satisfaction to our clients', we have been involved in manufacturing and supplying high-quality GI Pipes. These pipes are mainly used to convey fluids and liquids for their processing. Prior to final dispatch, they are checked on different quality parameters by our experts to ensure their high tensile strength. They are best known in the market due to their weld consistency, seamless finishing, the rugged structure as well as superior quality. These pipes are easy to install and requires no maintenance. Apart from this, provided Galvanized Iron Pipes are also available in different sizes and thickness at market leading prices.
Developed from iron, these pipes have 15 mm thickness. Round in appearance, these alloy pipes have optimum strength. These metal pipes have ±3% tolerance and their zinc coating is maximum 500 g/m2. Design of these pipes conforms to BSI specifications. Maximum size of such pipes is 50 mm. Based on application type, these pipes are offered with threaded/beveled/plain end design. Latest ERW technology ahs been adopted to produce such galvanized pipes. Round in appearance, these have maximum 273 mm outer dimension. Processing technique of such metal products involve steps like de-coiling, welding, bending, cutting and punching. Non oiled surface of such pipes is wear and abrasion proof. These pipes are reckoned for their high ductility, excellent welding consistency and corrosion resistance capacity. Due to their unique bending performance, these can be cut and threaded easily. Production process of these galvanized products involves coating of steel or iron with zinc layer to avoid rust formation. Manufacturing standard of such GI products conforms to global norms. Standard of such pipes has been checked on the basis of their diameter, longevity, strength, design precision etc.
These pipes are used for chemical transferring pipelines, air ducts, sewage water transferring lines, water and gas conveying lines, fire fighting systems etc. | <urn:uuid:d9748bd9-6f0c-46eb-8652-83738ae3d8f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.unikpipefitting.com/gi-pipes-5200869.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.95279 | 393 | 1.640625 | 2 |
|HER WORLD||Sunday, June 30, 2002, Chandigarh, India|
mothering turns into smothering
women with disabilities
& single, by choice
mothering turns into smothering
FEW of us have escaped the influence of parental smothering. Indeed most of us grew up in households in which there was a steady stream of directions, new directions, revised directions, commands and reminders, all delivered in anxious, irritated or threatening tones. "It is late. Get up this minute. Do not forget to brush your teeth. You are late for school." "Do not come in till you have wiped your feet. Change your clothes now. This very minute." "Start your home work. Turn off the television set. No wonder your grades have fallen. Shape up." "Now get ready for bed. You should have been in bed an hour ago. Be quiet and go to sleep."
Many of us were exposed to
this type of barrage daily. It is a form of parental anxiety about the
child. In their earnestness to do their best for their children, mothers
often end up smothering them.
The truth is, children sometimes need to be left alone, given time to connect to their own thoughts, feelings and interests, but many parents fear this means neglecting the children. Children also need to be alone to explore their environment. In this way, they discover their unique individuality, their powers and capacities — an ability they need in adult life.
If the atmosphere during childhood has been of smothering with a constant stream of directions, then the children may adopt the active/passive resistance path. Since active resistance could result in punishment, children adopt a form of passive resistance. So when a parent calls out, the child says, "Yes, I am coming" but continues to play. To the parent, this stalling seems purposeless. Many a parent has expressed irritation about their children’s dawdling tactics. But the dawdling does have a purpose. It protects their individuality.
Fatigue is another significant sign of passive resistance and this in many cases gets extended to adulthood, even after marriage. I know a woman whose main complaint is chronic exhaustion. She was sent to me by a physician who could not find anything physically wrong with her. From the story of her childhood, it was plain that her inability to do her house work was a reaction to smothering in childhood.
When her husband runs out of shirts, the house has not been dusted, her kitty friends are coming to visit her, she will stay up half the night, toiling at the washing, ironing and cleaning. As a result of this, she gets really exhausted and postpones all other work to a later time.
Ido not want to bring up this painful topic to make parents feel bad. My experience is that most parents do these things out of love and ignorance about the repercussions of their actions. Then all of a sudden they realise that they just might have created a child who is very different from what they had wanted. But it is the children who suffer because something in them remains undeveloped, and they are made to feel rotten.
Children need space to be their own person. They do not need adults constantly telling them they love them, doing things to prove it and having the child tell them back they love them. Love does not need words. In fact, the more we say it, put it into words, the more we create situations where, as adults, it has to be proved to us with words and gifts. If our children do not say goodbye, do not say they love us or give us a hug, who feels insecure? Not the children. They are telling us that they feel strong enough to be their own person.
Nurturing is more important and it should not be confused with smothering. Nurturing helps the child blossom while smothering leads to behavioral problems. When the parent suffocates the child, the parental objective is to control. For the smothering parent, the underlying agenda is criticism and judgement of the child. This type of parent makes all the decisions for the child and essentially takes away the child’s voice.
We really do not need to give children as much attention as we think we do. They need time, everyday, to be alone, to feel and experience life on their own. When children get older, the problem gets extended to doing things for children that they can do themselves, like cleaning their rooms, getting their clothes, and rushing to do their simple chores. What does this mean? We are prolonging their dependence on us, but worse than that, we are not giving them the experience of learning, living and struggling that is so much a part of developing and growing.
The effect of smothering on a marriage can lead to bitter resentment and chaos. More often, it is a persistent and unhappy feeling of futility, of "getting nowhere", of exhaustion because nothing seems to work out as planned. The marriage situation carries within it all kinds of expectations concerning the marital partner and what constitutes the "duties" and "responsibilities" of the man and woman.
A young lawyer , along with his pretty wife, came to me for counselling as all wasn’t well in their marital life. This man had overdominating parents who used to decide everything for him in the name of love and concern. With the result, at the age of 29, he still felt directionless. He went to office, sat down at his desk but could not work. Nothing felt right. He felt so distracted that he was unable to do much work apart from making a few pointless notes. He went home grumpy, annoyed with himself and would get irritated with his senior partner (father) who was waiting to find out what work he had done.
He would sulk till his wife humoured him. He would often slip into a stupor and begin daydreaming.
The question that he put it to me was, "How long will my wife put up with me because she is busy with an equally complex task — managing the house and the children?" In place of the brilliant career he expected to make for himself, he is just managing to get along in his job. The problem was that he was capable and intelligent but resisted applying himself until he was given a severe threat. This was a behavioural pattern he acquired in childhood, when he resisted his parents’ directions in just this passive fashion until a threat or ultimatum was given to him.
This is the way many people who have been objects of smothering go through life. Miserable, at times anxious, fearful and resentful, unable to attain what they are equipped to do, or want to do . They are dissatisfied with themselves and their efforts. Often, their first insight into the fact that something is wrong is that they are passed over when promotions are made.
Smothering parents stifle the child so that the child grows up without knowing who she/he really is. The child is unable to cultivate the tools needed to adequately blossom and realise his/her full potential. So when parents tend to prevent the child from making an effort or a demand, they are actually depriving him/her of the opportunities to learn and to take satisfaction in his own efforts. Such a child will never learn to take the initiative or to make persistent effort.
So, next time when you, as mothers or fathers, fall into this trap in the guise of loving your child, think again and think of the possible consequences.
(The writer is a clinical psychologist)
women with disabilities
DISABILITY, be it physical or mental places both men and women in a disadvantageous position. For women in particular, disability is a veritable curse as it severely hampers their growth and denies them human dignity. A girl or woman with disability therefore needs the attention and understanding of the family as well as the society. In reality, however, a disabled female may be pitied or spurned, neglected or over-protected, but she is rarely accepted or loved. To her parental family, she is burden; in her in-laws’, house she remains vulnerable to harassment and violence; and in the society she falls a prey to exploitation. A male with disability is less prone to problems than a female. Thus, for her life becomes a traumatic experience.
The word " disability" is an all -embracing term. In simple words, it denotes the inability of a person to perform the duties traditionally assigned to the gender. But the cultural connotation disability may vary and may have a stronger impact. For example, in the Indian cultural context, dark complexion, the inability to bear male children, or infertility are viewed so seriously they that become disabilities.
A comprehensive definition of disability is provided by the US Department of Justice as "any physiological disorder, or condition, cosmetic disfigurement or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems: neurological musculoskeletal, special sense organs (including speech organs), respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductives, digestive, genitourinary, lymphatic, skin and endocrine; any mental or psychological disorder such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities."
Leaving aside cases of severe disability like mental retardation or serious physical handicap that require care, most of the problems can be overcome or controlled by proper health-care or mobility aids. For example, a polio-affected woman can become mobile with the artificial aids and can perform her daily duties; or the life of a deaf or dumb person can be made bearable with the help of special health-care or rehabilitation programmes. The problem with the Indian woman, however, is linked with the socio-cultural norms. A woman, particularly in the rural areas, suffers due to the uncaring and prohibitory attitude of the patriarchal society. Attending to the health needs of a girl-child is considered a waste of resources and time. Thus, a girl is denied access to rehabilitation facilities. Since the female cannot go out of the house all by herself, and since others are not interested in accompanying her, she is left with no choice but to remain confined to the loneliness of her home. Moreover, most of the health-care workers and orthotic technicians are men, as such, women patients are not allowed to be measured and fittede with limbs with their help. Women with disabilities require more access to information and healthcare services related to their special needs in relation to childcare and pregnancy which they are denied in a close society.
Religious taboos and superstitious beliefs also produce a negative image of the disabled woman. She is seen as a sinner and it is believed that her progeny will carry her sin further and that the entire family tree will bear the curse generation after generation. Under such circumstances, even a mild deformity is perceived seriously and the girl is declared unfit in the marriage market. If a woman develops disability after her marriage, she is tortured with various inhuman practices. We often hear and read stories of women beaten to death to ward off the evil spirit or women driven to insanity due to stigma of barrenness. How some practices traumatise women is often depicted in our literature, T.V. and the cinema.
Now, with the significant change in the attitude of the world community towards the disabled, there is hope that the fate of the women with disabilities will also improve. The United Nations Standard rules on the Equalisation of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities are important human rights tools for all persons with disabilities. For girls and women, the CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women) is another human rights instrument. With the help of these rules, it would be easier for various governments. With the non-government agencies to work for the betterment of the disabled women what is needed is persistent interest of the people working in the field the cooperation of the disabled themselves and massive awareness programme to eradicate social and religious stigmas attached to disability.
In some South Asian countries efforts are being made to provide culturally appropriate services so that there is no resistance from the society. Programmes to train women with disabilities to help each other, to run cooperative mobility aids workshops, to experiment with group living can be instituted. In this field the Association of People with disability (APD) and the Mobility India (MI) are taking up some significant projects. It is now increasingly felt that that trained technicians in orthotics and prothetics at the mobility aids centres should be a woman. The presence of women as community and health-care workers will have profound impact on the social psyche making it easier for women to approach these centres for rehabilitation without any inhibition.
To change the social
perception, it is necessary that women’s organisations include issues
pertaining to women with disabilities and give them adequate
representation. They must generate awareness among the disabled about
their rights and the facilities available to them. It would be a futile
effort were the affected women themselves to remain unconcerned or dumb.
They too must raise their voice and make themselves heard. Public
awareness of gender thinking needs to be changed. But, crucial to the
disabled is the grit to take the first step, to dare. There may not be
many known role models for them to follow but there are always many
brave women around us who have dared to make their life a success by
getting over their handicap. A disabled woman may be
"different", but she need not be a pathetic figure. With
family support, training and employment she can live with human dignity.
& single, by choice
ASHA GHOSH is terribly busy today. There's a wedding in the family, that of her brother's daughter, and she is at the helm of affairs, overseeing the grand event and taking care of the finer details. At least 40 guests have come in from other states and it was not possible to fit them all in her brother's flat. Even as her sister-in-law had unnecessarily agonised over the whole issue, it took Asha less than half an hour to look for alternative arrangements, ensure that they suited her family's needs and then to go about booking the place, organising, food, transport…Ah, finally it's all done!
Asha Ghosh is terribly happy today. The wedding went off without a glitch. The bride, her favourite niece, looked absolutely stunning. The arrangements Asha had made were perfect. Everybody was extremely happy that everything had gone off so smoothly. Asha's family was constantly heaping praise over her for having executed the whole process so efficiently…Ah, how good it felt to be appreciated!
Asha Ghosh is terribly irritated today. Her niece has come for lunch to her mother's place with her new husband and his family. The brouhaha of the marriage is over. Asha is the cynosure of all eyes. "You know Asha," this was Mithu's new mother-in-law, the principal of a prestigious girls' school, "it was really amazing how wonderfully everything went off with your guidance. You really are an amazingly efficient organiser. And you looked so pretty too!" Everybody clucked in agreement. The lady continued, "You know you would make some lucky man a wonderful wife. All those organisational skills going waste! You must think of marriage, my dear. It's not too late. You're only 35. There must be lots of older men out there, divorcees or widowers, who would love to get married to someone like you." Ah, if only it was easy to get away with murder!
Of course, it never struck the meddling woman or the rest of the family that the reason why she did such a fine job of organising a big event was because for her, it was child's play. As head of the HRD department of a giant-sized pharmaceutical company problems like these meant nothing. The only reason this was different from her regular display of efficiency was because this was family and it was her favourite niece who was getting married. So she couldn’t take a chance. Everything was overseen by her personally.
But what irritated her further was the woman's assumption and the rest of the family's easy acquiescence of the fact that there would be some lonely divorced man or widower who would be only too happy to help her out of her spinsterhood! Why on earth should she settle for 'second best'? It would have been a different matter, if she'd met and liked a man who happened to be either divorced or a widower. But to actively search out one, only because people considered her too old to catch the eye of an unmarried bachelor, was enough to make her see red. After all, a 35-year-old unmarried man, with her kind of job and capabilities, would be considered a prime catch!
A single woman. Her trials and tribulations. And her triumphs and honours. Not mutually exclusive. In fact, integrated in a way that it often seems that one is bereft without the other. Every single woman, who is so by choice, generally has a career to pursue. While there have been women who have pursued their careers successfully after marriage, an increasingly large number of women now want to settle their careers first before taking the plunge. Shamita Panicker is a 24- year-old graduate, who is now appearing for her management entrance exams. Focussed and clear-headed about her goals, she epitomises her generation. "My parents wanted me to first learn to be independent before thinking of marriage. After my graduation, I wasn't too sure of what I wanted to do in life. So, I spent a year with a publishing house as a marketing executive. It was an opportunity to meet different kinds of people and interact with them. At the end of the year I knew that I wanted to do my MBA. Currently, I'm trying for a seat in reputed MBA colleges. Once I get in, it's a two-year full-time course. After my MBA, I want to start with a job, work there for five years to get into middle-order management level and only then am I going to think of marriage." And what if she meets an interesting guy in the meantime who wants to get married right away? Shamita looks ready to take on the world. "Too bad. If he loves me, he'll wait."
Yes, priorities are changing slowly. Women do not necessarily want to make a dash for the kitchen and start making aloo parathas and dal for her happy family. But being a single woman is not always easy. Specially as you grow a older. Hundreds of women who have a bad marriage, often advise their unmarried counterparts to stay single."This way you are much happier. You have good friends, you have a career, money and the freedom to enjoy it all. Why worry about being lonely in your old age? Even in a marriage, one can be terribly lonely." But all marriages are not doomed. The sight of that one good marriage makes the single woman yearn for it.
Ambika Patwardhan is a chartered accountant with a well-established firm. She is 34 and unmarried. "It's only now that I'm beginning to feel the need to settle down and have a family of my own. All my siblings and cousins are married and they seem to feel that I've left it a little too late, but I had planned it this way. Now, I have a professional qualification, a flat, a car and money in the bank. I struggled for a good 12 years before I could reach this position. I'm happy professionally. Now, I want a family life. I want a child. I want a husband who will share my happiness and be a friend ."
As in the case of Ambika
and Asha, their families felt that after a certain age, the women were
no longer prime catches. And this is perhaps the point where the single
woman begins to get pitied. One would think that in the Indian context
there are still very few women who do not want both career and a family
life. Most would ideally love a combination of both. — INFS
The safety, honour and welfare of your country come first, always and every time. The honour, welfare and comfort of the men you command come next. Your own ease, comfort and safety come last, always and every time.
(Indian Military Academy credo)
FOR the wives and other family members of Army officers and jawans posted along the Jammu and Kashmir border, it has been a tumultuous year. With their men deployed in the forward areas and the air being abuzz with talk of war, there is a persistent fear and collective anxiety. Marrying an Army man is a choice these women made, for the better or for worse. But in keeping with the distinct fauji spirit, they don’t let their morale hit rock-bottom, ever.
Mrs Rohini sahni’s husband Major Trilochan Sahni is at the Rajasthan border. he is in the infantry, where the postings alternate between a peace and a field tenure. ‘‘His present posting at Chandimandir is a peace tenure but for a major part he has been at the border. The next tenure is bound to be a field one which will again take him away from us, but then this is part of the job. Also, all kinds of facilities are provided to us and friends have been supportive and reassuring, so there is hardly any room for complaint.’’
Nonetheless, she is relieved that now a large number of officers and jawans can avail of leave for ‘‘rest and recoup’’, as they call it.
‘‘The support system in the army is very strong and it helps see us through,’’ she says, realising full well that it will be a while before the men actually come home. ‘‘Even if they are given the orders to pull back, I guess it will be months before they get back due to the winding up and demining operations,’’ she explains.
It has been a rather tough time for Mrs Veena Naik, wife of subedar N.P. Naik, who has become an avid radio news listener. ‘‘I am not educated and my son recently cleared his Class XII exams. This year is crucial for him. he needs guidance at this juncture and his father’s presence would have been of immense help. He had come for leave for a few days but then the Kaluchak massacre happened and he was asked to report back immediately. My son needed some affidavits to be signed by his father and it does become very difficult in times like these,’’ she says. ‘‘But now that the tension has eased, he can come on leave and the anxiety has ebbed since,’’she adds with palpable relief.
Manju, the wife of the station Commander of Kasauli, Brig V.S. tonk, says her husband has been on the Punjab border for some time now and she is mentally ready for every situation. ‘‘There is no fear. We have been holding ladies’ club meetings frequently to facilitate interaction between families and draw strength from one another. Even if we do fret, it is of no use,’’ she says.
Mrs Brahmavati Rai, whose husband Subedar A.K. Rai is stationed at Thoise (beyond Leh), feels that a border posting or transfer to a militancy-infested area is a matter of constant concern and uncertainty for an Army man’s family. echoing her sentiments, her son Amit adds, " It is worse when a war-like situation develops."
‘‘My husband has been keeping in touch telephonically. Out of the 12 years that I have been married to him, we have stayed together for only four. So, I guess, I am used to this routine. He has been in the Dras sector for over two years but because of the recent tension he is at a forward post at present. It’s all in the game. You have to make the best of what you have,’’ opines Divya, wife of Maj D.B.Mehta.
Coping bravely with the
uncertainty that has been triggerred off by the present fluid situation
on the Jammu and Kashmir border, these women epitomise the fauji
spirit for what it is—courage, forbearance and adjustment. | <urn:uuid:598c54f4-9d39-4749-bba9-8a56977986e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020630/herworld.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.978173 | 5,173 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Whenever I read Freire I feel inspired. And then I think about the realities of the classroom... How to implement problem posing education so that it is omni-present in the school environment? Is that even something that he proposed and imagined? Is there a place on earth where this is happening? How do they do it? Whenever I think of this I almost always conclude it is a matter of numbers. How to engage in dialogue with the student when there are twenty to thirty (a half if you are lucky) minds all eager to do so? What is a good amount of dialogue in proportion to independent work?
I “teach” at a progressive school with good resources and I can only engage a few students before I have a line of hands waving waiting for their questions to be answered. Sadly and dehumanizing, I feel it’s a “game of numbers”. I think about homeschooling and a most excellent student I met who came from that environment. Maybe they know what they’re doing: One or a few adults with hopefully no more than a handful of “students” frequently engaged in dialogue. In problem posing education where “Through dialogue, the teacher-of-the-students and the students-of-the-teacher cease to exist and a new term emerges: teacher-student with students-teachers” (Freire, p. 80) and “The teacher is no longer merely the-one-who-teaches, but one who is himself taught in dialogue with the students, who in turn while being taught also teach” (Ibid.) there needs to be a balancing of numbers. Perhaps a mathematical relationship could be posed: as consciousness grows in the child there is an increased need for focused dialogue with each student and therefore more teachers are needed.
Another reality I face has to do with the student’s attitude towards learning. Students of course aren’t always in the lab. They spend most of their time in a regular classroom with well intentioned teachers who instruct them, hopefully in the best of traditional ways. Sometimes I reach a student who says they need help having shown little progress or who has reached a stopping point. The student then kindly (or persuasively) requests to be given the answer. I can’t ignore the student but I also can’t ignore the increasing line of hands behind it. I try to scaffold it as best I can but it feels like I am giving away the answer and what should feel like cooperation feels like something else. The next time I encounter the student they will be heavily dependent on me. I haven’t found good strategies to deal with this, so I request to you, dear reader, to please comment below.
Another dimension of these two problems has to do with what is called “behavior management”. In almost every space in the school there is a clearly communicated hierarchy between the teacher and their troupe of students. Miss-behavior is not tolerated and children are expected to follow instructions. Even at a “free-er” space like the lab, having this encompassing systemic culture, it is very hard to be radically different. And even if you’ve done what your colleagues recommend -which is to build a system of rules with the students- incidents happen where things could very easily get out of control and be dangerous. Unity is very fragile and can be shattered through the actions of an individual. If you have tips on this matter as well, please comment below. | <urn:uuid:3c01f35a-a8fa-4993-b9eb-fbc5585fa721> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fablearn.stanford.edu/fellows/blog/freire-and-classroom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.970953 | 728 | 2.375 | 2 |
Pakistan's government has promised a crackdown on the corruption, pledging to work with domestic and foreign bodies stamp out the graft for which the country has become notorious.
Transparency International wants to eliminate 'grease money'
President Pervez Musharraf outlined a national anti-corruption strategy to a conference in Islamabad on Wednesday, before signing a pledge to eliminate a culture of bribes in the public and private sector.
The country's Security and Exchange Commission, the Auditor General and a long list of ministers also signed up, along with senior private sector leaders including senior figures from Pakistan's chambers of commerce.
From the international arena they were joined by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Asian Development Bank - and the US Ambassador, Nancy Powell.
According to Shaukat Omari, head of the local chapter of anti-graft campaign Transparency International, getting international agencies on board was the key.
"What we needed was a commitment from donors, international financial institutions and the diplomatic corps," he told BBC News Online.
Only by marshalling forces inside Pakistan and out could the culture of "facilitation payments" - payoffs to middlemen in the hope of gaining government contracts - be tackled.
"Now everyone can be held to account," he said.
"The President made clear that this is a priority."
Pakistan's problems with corruption are of long standing.
Mr Musharraf's rise to power as a result of a coup in 1999 was ostensibly a response to pervasive graft in the highest levels of government.
Former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was recently convicted by a Swiss court of laundering money, allegedly from payoffs.
Nawaz Sharif, her successor - and the man from whom Mr Musharraf took power - was charged in Pakistan with graft once he had been deposed.
Earlier on Wednesday, Mr Omari had told BBC World Business Report that Pakistan's laws needed radical overhaul to deal with the problem.
"People say that we have the laws and we have the procedures, they're just not implemented," he told the programme.
"But basically even the laws and procedures we have are full of discretion, and that discretion is what we feel causes corruption."
The backing of international bodies is seen as key because in the past they have faced accusations of turning a blind eye to corruption.
World Bank and IMF insiders such as Joseph Stiglitz, Nobel Prize winner and former World Bank Chief Economist, allege that both bodies routinely looked the other way rather than check up whether their loans were being diverted into private pockets.
Since then, both have promised to put transparency at the heart of their activities.
According to Mr Omari, the international agencies are now committed to helping the groups being set up to find ways of implementing the pledge. | <urn:uuid:0277d000-3664-4b1d-a336-1436c5d2dd0e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3166181.stm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.969032 | 578 | 1.664063 | 2 |
What happens in the extreme environments of globular clusters when a star and a binary system meet? A team of scientists has new ideas about how these objects can deform, change their paths, spiral around each other, and merge.
Getting to Know Your Neighbors
Stars living in dense environments, like globular clusters, experience very different lives than those in the solar neighborhood. In these extreme environments, close encounters are the norm — and this can lead to a variety of interesting interactions between the stars and systems of stars that encounter each other.
One common type of meeting is that of a single star with a binary star system. Studies of such interactions often treat all three bodies like point sources, examining outcomes like:
- All three objects are mutually unbound by the interaction, resulting in three single objects.
- A flyby encounter occurs, in which the binary survives the encounter but its orbit becomes modified by the third star.
- An exchange occurs, in which the single star swaps spots with one of the binary stars and ejects it from the system.
Complexities of Extended Objects
But what if you treat the bodies not like point sources, but like extended objects with actual radii (as is true in real life)? Then there are additional complexities, such as collisions when the stars’ radii overlap, general relativistic effects when the stars pass very near one another, and tidal oscillations as gravitational forces stretch the stars out during a close passage and then release afterward.
In a recently published study led by Johan Samsing (an Einstein Fellow at Princeton University), the authors explore how these complexities change the behavior of binary-single interactions in the centers of dense star clusters.
How Tides Change Things
Using numerical simulations with an N-body code, and following up with analytic arguments, Samsing and collaborators show that the biggest change when they include effects such as tides is a new outcome that sometimes results from the chaotic evolution of the triple interaction: tidal inspirals.
Tidal inspirals occur when a close passage creates tidal oscillations in a star, draining energy from the binary orbit. Under the right conditions, the loss of energy will lead to the stars’ inspiral, eventually resulting in a merger. This new channel for mergers — similar to mergers due to energy lost to gravitational waves — can occur even more frequently than collisions in some systems.
Samsing and collaborators demonstrate that tidal inspirals occur more commonly for widely separated binaries and small-radius objects. Highly eccentric white-dwarf–neutron-star mergers, for example, can be dominated by tidal inspirals.
The authors point out that this interesting population of eccentric compact binaries likely results in unique electromagnetic and gravitational-wave signatures — which suggests that further studies of these systems are important for better understanding what we can expect to observe when stars encounter each other in dense stellar systems.
Johan Samsing et al 2017 ApJ 846 36. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7e32
Related Journal Articles
This post originally appeared on AAS Nova, which features research highlights from the journals of the American Astronomical Society. | <urn:uuid:ed8b5532-1103-4d89-9cee-6797f71cd226> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/when-a-star-and-a-binary-meet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.915956 | 650 | 3.484375 | 3 |
The fall of Kabul is almost certain view the rapid advancement of the Taliban
Amid the whirlwind pointed advances of the Taliban armed insurgents, the US embassy in Kabul has urged all American citizens to leave Afghanistan immediately, offering to loan them cash for the plane tickets, if necessary.
“The US Embassy urges US citizens to leave Afghanistan immediately using all available commercial flight options,” read an orange security alert from the diplomatic outpost on Thursday i.e. today. The embassy offered loans to Americans unable to afford plane tickets home, which are exorbitant and assistance with immigrant visas for the foreign family members. There seems to be urgency in the outpost for leaving Afghanistan as there is no hope for the Afghan government to survive more than a week as Afghan ministers are flying out to the US for safety. 3,000 troops are being sent to evacuate most of the staff as the US, cuts the diplomatic presence to essential core functions. Other western embassies are readying similar plans, and NATO allies are in a deep huddle, consulting among allies, monitoring the situation on the ground through satellite imaginary, fearing that the Taliban could lay siege to the Afghan capital Kabul, within days.
Australian Prime Minister says, he is working urgently with the USA to evacuate the last Afghans who helped Australian troops and diplomats, as the Taliban are just a few miles away from the capital Kabul. Commercial flights from Kabul are booked solid, in fact overbooked, with expatriates and Afghans holding visas for foreign countries attempting to leave as soon as possible to save their souls.
Tens of thousands of eager citizens escaping the Taliban’s advances in the provinces, meanwhile made a dash into Kabul the likely focus of the final assault, sleeping in the city parks and mosques.
Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani, Chief Peace negotiator Dr Abdullah Abdullah, alumni of AIIMS and famous eye surgeon, returned back to Kabul after days of meeting with the Taliban in Doha, Qatar and other senior leaders met on Friday on how to deal with the Taliban onslaught. But bad news haunts Governor Abdul Rahim Qayumi, who becomes the first Afghan Governor, who is taken captive while resisting the onslaught of the Taliban. He is also the brother of Salaami Rahimi, a chief negotiator for the Afghan team at Doha. Another Afghan commander Ismail Khan captured as the Taliban seize Herat. Two Scandinavian nations Norway and Denmark have decided to shut embassies and evacuate staff and the other three will follow – Iceland, Finland and Sweden.
Kabul has become the city of rumours and well ahead of the meeting, rumours swirled that Excellency Ghani could resign and hand over the power to an interim government that could negotiate a ceasefire with the Taliban which is moving towards Kabul like a raging bull. No such announcement was made. Instead, Mr Ghani’s Vice President, Amrullah Saleh, tweeted that the meeting decided “with conviction and resolve that we STAND FIRM AGAINST TALIBAN TERRORISTS”. Period.
The fall of Kandahar is by far the most significant victory for the Taliban. It is more symbolic that in the minds of the insurgents it symbolises the return of the Islamic Emirate that was proclaimed by Mullah Omar, a great enemy of the USA. People are leaving the city, leaving behind all their possessions as families run for both cover and life. Taliban’s new Governor for the captured Kandahar proclaimed a general amnesty for government employees and members of the security forces, but the city’s new rulers however raided the homes of several anti-Taliban commanders and former security officials.
The worst was yet to come and the Taliban also entered Pul-e-Alam, the capital of Mr Ghani’s home province of Logar just south of Kabul and captured its Governor and several other senior officials. The only big cities that the Afghan government still holds besides Kabul, are Jalalabad in the country’s east and the northern hub of Mazar-e-Sharif, which is surrounded by the Taliban.
The situation is changing fast and people are switching sides and loyalties and have started ‘paying tribute’, to the Talibani Commanders. Armouries are being looted and these pictures are making rounds on social media. The King is dead. Long live the King.
Though some American troops still remain in Afghanistan, new 3000 troops have landed on Friday and the US air force conducts air strikes with regular punitive intervals.
The alert went out shortly after the Taliban claimed to have captured Kandahar, Afghanistan’s second-largest city. Earlier, they claimed victory in the city of Ghazni, 150 km (95 miles) from the capital Kabul. Ghazni is the 10th Afghan provincial capital to fall to the Taliban since the US withdrawal from Afghanistan began in May. USA and Canada are pulling out all the translators and informants and their families to safe locations in the western world, such that all those who helped NATO forces are safe from the bullets of the Taliban.
The situation is precarious. US Embassy Kabul tweeted 24 hours before that “We’re hearing additional reports of #Taliban executions of surrendering Afghan troops. Deeply disturbing & could constitute war crimes.” To which William Dalrymple replied through a tweet, “Your own Biden government brought this situation about. It need never have happened”. A stark reality of the sad situation in Afghanistan. The US has still yet to get out of its Human Rights champion of the world.
Taliban capture of Afghan provincial city, Ghazni, as insurgents edge closer to capital, Kabul is an alarm bell to the world. The pullout is expected to be complete by the end of August, and US intelligence officials predict that the Taliban will control the capital sometime within the next several weeks to six months, according to a Washington Post report earlier this week.
Several hundred US troops remain stationed in Kabul, at the embassy and at the city’s airport. However, embassy employees who can perform their work remotely were already advised in April 2021 to leave, with the State Department citing “increasing violence and threat reports.”
Without US support, Afghanistan’s military has quickly wilted in the face of the Taliban threat. Troops stationed near the country’s borders have been driven out into the neighbouring countries, and earlier on Thursday, the US Embassy in Kabul reported that surrendering Afghan troops have been executed and their military and civilian leaders unlawfully detained by the Taliban forces, an act of extreme barbarism and inhuman act. US has forgotten what it did to the Japanese soldiers, which surrendered to the allied forces in Japan.
Taliban fighters are now in complete control of Afghanistan’s borders with Uzbekistan & Tajikistan, Russia’s Defense Minister has claimed. The embassy described the alleged executions as “deeply disturbing,” adding that they “could constitute war crimes.”
With the majority of its troops gone, such strongly-worded statements are all that remain in the US diplomatic arsenal. White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki caught flak from critics on Wednesday for calling on the Taliban to reach a peaceful settlement with the Afghan Government and assess “what they want their role to be in the international community.” Indirectly the US Government is advocating that share the power with the Taliban and frees all militants, which were caught by the Afghan national army. India had gifted two helicopters and these helicopters have been captured by the Taliban in an assault.
Psaki was roasted for saying the Taliban must ‘assess role in the international community as militants seize 60% of Afghanistan. Utterly disrespectful to the new world order or I may say disorder.
Though US-mediated peace talks are currently underway in Qatar, a spokesman for President Ashraf Ghani told Bloomberg on Monday that the group is only interested in “trying to grab power by force,” while Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid told Axios on Wednesday that the group has “never yielded to any foreign pressure tactics before and we do not plan to capitulate any time soon either.”
Michael Kugelman views the entire situation and says “I never liked the Saigon analogies with Afghanistan. For one thing, US forces aren’t under fire as they withdraw. But events of the last 24 hours and the prospect of US diplomatic evacuations as the Taliban draws closer to Kabul, bring Saigon to mind. In a big way.
The US lost prestige for Vietnam but the consequences of Afghanistan’s loss are far greater. The revival of global jihadism will grow. I have faint memories that when US helicopters were leaving the Saigon from the embassy premise, the Saigonese warriors were firing them. It is a warning sign for US-NATO allies that they cannot rely on US military power.
It is also an encouragement to medium-sized powers that they can outmanoeuvre superpowers by mixing defiance with friendly pretences.
More than 2,50,000 people face hunger and homelessness after fleeing their homes amid Taliban gains, with 80% reported to be women and children.
If sheer propaganda and blatant lies could win you (US) the war, the Taliban would’ve been defeated a decade ago. Two days after announcing to have defeated the Taliban in Helmand, it fell to the Taliban and General Sami Sadat disappeared.
India is worried regarding the civil war in its neighbourhood. 3 Indian engineers working in Afghanistan in the Taliban area were airlifted. Ministry of external affairs joint secretary (Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran) went to Doha and met Afghan leader Abdullah Abdullah along with the Indian envoy in Qatar. India is working on a plan to accommodate Afghan refugees and victims of Taliban / Pakistan terror violence. Details are likely to be announced soon. India has received hundreds of save our souls (SoS) messages as hundreds of weeping families violently shake foreign embassies and consulate iron doors in soon to be beseeched Kabul. Indian embassy will also be evacuated and closed as it shuts down its consulates across Afghanistan.
The world waits for civil war with bated breath. Ragtag Taliban has beaten both Russia and the US hands down. The common factor in both cases was Pakistan as China has kept mum, even though they killed Chinese engineers – It is the silence of the lambs.
Title Image Courtesy: NDTV
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed by the author do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government of India and Defence Research and Studies | <urn:uuid:40e3ce87-1398-48f8-81f2-f4913922269b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dras.in/the-fall-of-kabul-is-imminent-so-be-the-human-rights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.959977 | 2,169 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Thomas is as much to say as abysm or double, which in Greek is said didimus; or else Thomas is said of Thomos, which is said division or parting. He was abysm or swallow because he deserved to pierce the deepness of divinity, when at his interrogation Jesu Christ answered to him: Ego sum via, veritas et vita: I am the way, truth, and life. He is said double because he knew Christ in his resurrection in double wise more than other knew, for they knew him but only in seeing, but Thomas knew him both seeing and feeling. He is said division or departing, for he departed his love from the love of the world, and was departed from the other apostles at the resurrection. Or Thomas is said as, appeared again, that is in the love of God by contemplation. He had there things in him of which Prosper saith in the book of the Soul Contemplative, and demandeth what it is for to love nothing but to conceive the burning of him in his thought, and the talent of God, and the hate of sin, and to forsake the world. Or Thomas is as much to say as alway going in the love and contemplation of God. Or Thomas is as much as: My God, because he said, when he touched the side of our Lord: My God and my Lord.
S. Thomas, when he was in Cæsarea, our Lord appeared to him, and said: The King of India, Gundoferus, hath sent his provost, Abbanes, for to seek men that can well the craft of masons, and I shall send thee to him. And S. Thomas said: Sir, send me over all save to them of India. And our Lord said to him: Go thy way thither surely, for I shall be thy keeper, and when thou hast converted them of India, thou shalt come to me by the crown of martyrdom. And Thomas said to him: Thou art my lord, and I thy servant; thy will be fulfilled. And as the provost went through the market, our Lord said to him: Young man, what wilt thou buy? and he said: My lord hath sent me for to bring to him some that be learned in the science of masonry, that they might make for him a palace after the work of Rome. And then our Lord delivered to him S. Thomas the Apostle, and told to him that he was much expert in that work. And they departed and sailed till they came in a city, where the king made a wedding of his daughter, and had do cry that all the people should come to this feast of this marriage or else he would be angry. And it so happed that the provost and Thomas went thither, and an Hebrew maid had a pipe in her hand and praised ever each one with some laud or praising. And when she saw the apostle she knew that he was an Hebrew because he ate not, but had alway his eyes firm toward heaven. And as the maid sang tofore him in Hebrew, she said: The God of heaven is one only God, the which created all things and founded the seas. And the apostle made her to say these words again. And the butler beheld him, and saw that Thomas ate not ne drank not, but alway looked upward to heaven.
And he came to the apostle and smote him on the cheek; and the apostle said to him, that in time to come it be pardoned to thee, and that now a wound transitory be given to thee, and said: I shall not arise from this place till the hand that hath smitten me be eaten with dogs. And anon after, the butler went for to fetch water at a well, and there a lion came and slew him and drank his blood, and the hounds drew his body into pieces, in such wise that a black dog brought the right arm into the hall in the middle of the dinner. And when they saw this, all the company was abashed, and the maid remembered the words, and threw down her pipe or flute, and fell down at the feet of the apostle. And this vengeance blameth S. Austin in his book of Faustius, and saith that this was set in of some false prophets, for this thing might be suspicious unto many things. Whether it be true or no it appertaineth not to me, but I wot well that they should be like as our Lord teacheth, which saith: If any man smiteth thee on that one cheek, show and offer to him that other, and certainly the apostle held within his courage the will of God and of dilection, and without forth he required example of correction. This saith S. Austin. And then, at the request of the king, the apostle blessed them that were new married, and said: Lord God give to these children the blessing of thy right hand, and set in their minds the seed of life. And when the apostle was gone, there was found, in the hand of the young man that was married, a branch of palm full of dates; and when he and his wife had eaten of the fruit they fell asleep, and they had one semblable dream. For them seemed that a king adorned with precious stones embraced them, and said: Mine apostle hath blessed you in such wise that ye shall be partakers of the glory perdurable. Then they awoke, and told to each other their dream. And then the apostle came to them and said: My king hath appeared right now to you, and hath brought me hither, the doors being shut, so that my blessing may be fruitful upon you, and that ye may have the sureness of your flesh, the which is queen of all virtues and fruit of perpetual health, and above the angels' possessions of all good, victory of lechery, lord of the faith, discomfiture of devils, and surety of joys perdurable. Lechery is engendered of corruption, and of corruption cometh pollution, and of pollution cometh sin, and of sin is confusion engendered.
And he thus saying, two angels appeared to them and said: We be the two angels deputed for to keep you, and if ye keep well all the admonestments of the apostle we shall offer to God all your desires. And then the apostle baptized them, and informed them diligently in the faith. And long time after the wife, named Pelagia, was sacred with a veil, and suffered martyrdom, and the husband named Denis was sacred bishop of that city. And after this, the apostle and Abbanes came unto the King of India, and the king devised to the apostle a marvellous palace, and delivered to him great treasure. And the king went into another province, and the apostle gave all the treasure to poor people, and the apostle was alway in predications two years or thereabout ere the king came, and converted much people without number to the faith. And when the king came and knew what he had done, he put him and Abbanes in the most deepest of his prisons, and purposed fully to slay them and burn. And in the meanwhile Gad, brother of the king, died, and there was made for him a rich sepulchre, and the fourth day he that had been dead arose from death to life, and all men were abashed and fled.
And he said to his brother: This man that thou intendest to slay and burn is the friend of God, and the angels of God serve him, and they brought me in to paradise, and have showed me a palace of gold and silver and of precious stones, and it is marvellously ordained. And when I marvelled of the great beauty thereof, they said to me: This is the palace that Thomas hath made for thy brother. And when I said that I would be thereof porter, they said to me: Thy brother is made unworthy to have it; if thou wilt dwell therein, we shall pray God to raise thee so that thou mayst go buy it of thy brother, in giving to him the money that he supposed he had lost. And when he had said this he ran to the prison and required of the apostle that he would pardon his brother that he had done to him, and then delivered him out of prison, and prayed the apostle that he would take and do on him a precious vesture. And the apostle said to him: Knowest thou not that they which ween to have power in things celestial set nought in nothing fleshly ne earthly? And when the apostle issued out of prison, the king came against him and fell down at his feet, and required of him pardon. Then the apostle said to him: God hath given to you much great grace when he hath showed to you his secrets; now believe in Jesu Christ and be ye baptized, to the end that thou be prince in the realm perdurable. And then the brother of the king said: I have seen the palace that thou hast do make to my brother, and I am come for to buy it. And the apostle said to him: If it be the will of thy brother it shall be done. And the king said: Sith it pleaseth God, this shall be mine, and the apostle shall make to thee another; and if peradventure he may not, this same shall be common to thee and to me. And the apostle answered and said: Many palaces be there in heaven which be made ready sith the beginning of the world, that be bought by price of the faith and by alms of your riches, which may well go tofore you to these palaces, but they may not follow you.
And after this, at the end of a month, the apostle made to assemble all them of the province, and when they were assembled he commanded that the feeble and sick should be set apart by themselves. Then he prayed for them, and they that were well enseigned and taught said Amen. And forthwith came a clear light from heaven which descended upon them, and smote down all the people and the apostle to the earth; and they supposed they had been smitten with thunder, and so lay by the space of half an hour. After, the apostle rose and said: Arise ye up for my lord is come as thunder, and hath healed us; and anon they arose all whole and glorified God and the apostle. Then began the apostle to teach them, and to show to them the degrees of virtue. The first is that they should believe in God which is one essence, and treble or three in persons, and showed to them examples sensible, how three persons be in one essence. The first example in a man is wisdom, and thereof cometh understanding, memory, and cunning. Cunning is of that thou hast learned the memory or mind, and retainest that thou shouldest forget. And the understanding is that thou understandest this that is taught to thee and showed. The second example is that, in a vine be three things, the stock, the leaf, and the fruit. The third example is that three things be in the head of a man, hearing, seeing, and tasting or smelling. The second degree that they receive baptism. The third, that they keep them from fornication. The fourth, that they keep them from avarice. The fifth, that they restrain them from gluttony. The sixth, that they keep their penance. The seventh, that they persevere and abide in these things. The eighth, that they love hospitality. The ninth, that in things to be done they require the will of God, and that they require such things by works. The tenth, that they eschew those things that be not for to be done. The eleventh, that they do charity to their enemies and to their friends. The twelfth, that they keep charity, and do work by diligence to keep these things. And after his predication, forty thousand men were baptized, without women and small children.
And incontinent he went into the great India where he shone by miracles innumerable, for he enlumined and made to see Syntice, the friend of Migdonia, which was wife of Carisius, cousin of the king of India. And Migdonia said to Syntice: Weenest thou that I may see him? Then Migdonia changed her habit by the counsel of Syntice, and put herself among the poor women, and came whereas the apostle preached. And he began to preach of the maleurte and unhappiness of this life, and said that this life is unhappy, wretched and subject to adventures, and is so slippery and fleeting, that when one weeneth to hold it, it fleeth away. And after, he began to show to them by four reasons that they should gladly hear the word of God, and likeneth it to four manner of things: first, unto a colour which lighteth the eye of our understanding; secondly, to a syrup or a purgation, for the word of God purgeth our affection from all fleshly love; thirdly, unto an emplaister, because it healeth the wounds of our sins; and fourthly, unto meat, because the word of God nourisheth us, and delighteth in heavenly love. And in like manner, like as all these things avail not to the sick man but if he take and receive them, in like wise the word of God profiteth nothing to a languishing sick man, if he hear it not devoutly. And as the apostle thus preached, Migdonia believed in God, and refused the bed of her husband.
Then Carisius did so much that he made the apostle to be set in prison. And Migdonia went to him and asked him forgiveness, because he was set in prison for her sake. And he comforted her sweetly, and said he would suffer it debonairly. And then Carisius prayed the king that he would send the queen his wife's sister unto her, for to essay if she might turn her, and call her again from the christian faith. And the queen was sent thither, and when she saw her, and knew of so many miracles as the apostle did, she said: They be accursed of God that believe not in his works. Then the apostle taught them shortly that were there, four things; first, that they should love the church, honour and worship the priests, assemble them often in prayers, and often to hear the word of God. And when the king saw the queen, he said to her: Why hast thou abided there so long? And she then answered: I had supposed that Migdonia had been a fool, but she is right wise, for she hath brought me to the apostle, which hath made me to know the way of truth, and they be overmuch fools that believe not the way of truth, that is to say, that they believe in Jesu Christ. And never after would the queen lie with the king.
And then the king was abashed, and said to his cousin: When I would have recovered thy wife I have lost mine, and my wife is worse to me than thine is to thee. Then the king commanded that the apostle should be brought tofore him, his hands and feet bound; and was commanded that he should reconcile the wives to their husbands. And then the apostle said to the king, in showing to him by three examples that, as long as he should be in the error of the faith they ought not to obey them. That is to wit, by the example of the king, by example of the tower, and by example of the fountain, and said to him: Thou that art king wilt have no services soiled ne foul, but thou hast cleanly servants and neat chamberers. And what weenest thou God loveth? Chastity and clean services. Am I then to blame if I preach to thee to love God and his servants whom he loveth? I have made them clean servants to him; I have founded a tower; and thou sayst to me that I should destroy it. Also I have dolven in the deep earth, and have brought forth a fountain out of the abysm, and thou sayst I should stop it. Then the king was angry, and commanded to bring forth pieces of iron burning, and made to set the apostle on them all naked, his feet bound. And anon by the will of our Lord, a fountain of water sourded and sprang up, and quenched it all.
And then the king, by the counsel of his cousin, made him to be set in a burning furnace, which was made so cold that the next day he issued out all safe, without harm. And then thereto, he said: king, thou art nothing more noble, ne more mighty than be thy painters, said Carisius to the king: Make him to offer sacrifice to one of the gods only, in such wise that he fall in the ire of his God that thus delivereth him. And as they constrained him and how despisest thou very God and worshippest a painting whom thou weenest to be thy God? Like as Carisius hath said to thee, that my God should be angry when that I worshipped thy god. And if he be angered, it should be more to thy god than to me, for when thou shouldest ween that I worshipped thy God, I should worship mine. And the king said: Why speakest thou to me such words? And then the apostle commanded in Hebrew the devil that was within the idol that, as soon as he kneeled tofore the idol, he should anon break it in pieces. And the apostle kneeled and said: Lo! see ye that I worship, but not the idol; I adore, but not the metal; I worship, but not the false image, but I honour and worship my Lord Jesu Christ in the name of whom I command thee, devil, which art hid within this image, that thou break this false idol. And anon he molt it as wax. And then the priests came lowing as beasts, and the bishop of the temple lift up a glaive and run the apostle through and said: I shall avenge the injury of my god. And the king and Carisius fled away, for they saw that the people would avenge the apostle and burn the bishop all quick. And the christian men bare away the body of the apostle and buried it worshipfully. Long time after, about the year of our Lord two hundred and thirty, the body of the apostle was borne into Edessa, the city which sometime was said Rages, city of Media; and Alexander the Emperor bare it thither at the request of the Syrians. And in this city no man might harbor Jew, ne paynim, ne tyrant, that should live. After this Abagar, king of this city, desired to have an epistle written with the hand of our Lord, for if any men moved war against this city, they took a christian child, and set him on the gate, and he should there read the epistle, and the same day, what for the virtue of the writing of our Saviour, as for the merits of the apostle, the enemies fled or else made peace.
Isidore, in the book of the Life of the Saints, saith thus of this apostle: Thomas, apostle and disciple of our Lord Jesu Christ, and like unto our Saviour, preached the Gospel unto miscreants, to them of Persia and of Media, to the Hircanians and Bactrians, and he entering into the parts of the orient, pierced through the entrails of the people. There demened his predication unto the title of his passion, and there was he pierced with a glaive and so died. And Chrysostom saith that when Thomas came in to the parts of the three kings which came to worship our Lord he baptized them, and they were made helpers and aiders of our Lord and of christian faith. Pray we then to this holy apostle, S. Thomas, that he will be moyen unto our Lord that we may have grace of him to amend us in this present life, that we may come into his everlasting bliss. Amen. | <urn:uuid:b1b31de3-0da8-4de1-a444-1562538caf0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.catholic-saints.net/saints/st-thomas-the-apostle.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.981641 | 4,244 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Description: As we roll towards November even those of us who are NOT American or living in the United States are anticipating the upcoming election with a wide range of thoughts and emotions. Before he, possibly, moves on we can yet again consider a much-discussed possible aspect of Donald Trump’s personality, specifically narcissism. The trait of narcissism involving intense self-focus and self-aggrandizement and entitlement is considered to be one of the Dark Triad or Tetrad of personality traits (search Dark Triad using the search box on this blog site for several posts talking about these traits) that make some people difficult to deal with. Here is a challenge though. Can you come up with a hypothesis about social situations or times when being somewhat narcissistic might be good for you? Oh, and let me take away the obvious answer in order to challenge you a bit more; yes, politicians likely need to be at least a little bit narcissistic in order to do what they do, particularly during campaigns. Once you have one or two hypotheses in mind read the article linked below to find out what some British Psychologists’ research has to say.
Source: The bright side of narcissism: How the ‘dark’ trait lowers stress and depression, Sharon Kirkey, Health and Wellness, National Post.
Date: October 11, 2020
So, how did your hypotheses fare? Had you thought that there might be a relationship between narcissistic tendencies and lower levels of depression and anxiety? Had the possible evolutionary advantages of a little narcissism occurred to you? It is worth remembering (or realizing if you have not run across this before) that Psychologists maintain a distinction between personality traits and personality disorders. Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a problem but drawing on some of the ‘dark’ trait of narcissism could be advantageous, sometimes. The researchers used the phrase ‘sub-clinical’ narcissism to talk about this. It links into the debate leading up to the production of the latest edition (5th) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders that involved heated debates about whether Personality Disorders should continue to be characterized categorically and standalone disorders or whether a series of dimensions should be used with the idea that combinations of dimensions and extremity cutting scores could be better used to define personality disorders (Search personality disorders on this site to see some posts of this). The idea is that personality disorders reflect extreme locations on personality dimensions along with a lack of flexibility or an inability to get down off those extremes. Being flexible and being able to draw on a broad palate of personality trait dimensions, even a little bit of narcissism, can be adaptive and reflective of resilience.
Questions for Discussion:
- What does it mean to be narcissistic?
- What is the difference between being a narcissist and having a little bit of narcissism and why might one of these actually be good for us sometimes?
- How might we shift our thinking and talking about narcissism in order to access the benefits of lower levels or rates of depression and anxiety? Or is that even a good thing to consider?
References (Read Further):
Papageorgiou, Kostas A., et al. “Longitudinal associations between narcissism, mental toughness and school achievement.” Personality and Individual Differences 131 (2018): 105-110. Link
Papageorgiou, K. A., Gianniou, F. M., Wilson, P., Moneta, G. B., Bilello, D., & Clough, P. J. (2019). The bright side of dark: Exploring the positive effect of narcissism on perceived stress through mental toughness. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 116-124. Link
Papageorgiou, K. A., Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2019). The positive effect of narcissism on depressive symptoms through mental toughness: Narcissism may be a dark trait but it does help with seeing the world less grey. European Psychiatry, 55, 74-79. Link
Papageorgiou, K. A., Wong, B., & Clough, P. J. (2017). Beyond good and evil: Exploring the mediating role of mental toughness on the Dark Triad of personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 119, 19-23. Link
De Clercq, B., Hofmans, J., Vergauwe, J., De Fruyt, F., & Sharp, C. (2017). Developmental pathways of childhood dark traits. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(7), 843. Link
Smith, M. B., Hill, A. D., Wallace, J. C., Recendes, T., & Judge, T. A. (2018). Upsides to dark and downsides to bright personality: A multidomain review and future research agenda. Journal of Management, 44(1), 191-217. Link | <urn:uuid:87c68946-6cf5-4774-83b9-3d2756daca30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wileypsychologyupdates.ca/the-bright-side-of-narcissism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.898212 | 1,024 | 2.171875 | 2 |
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First in-human study of human umbilical tissue-derivedcaeels as a therapy for retinal degenerative diseases shows promise.
In the first in-human study of human umbilical tissue-derived cells as cell-based therapy for retinal degenerative diseases, all seven patients tolerated the subretinal injection well and had no postoperative visual loss.
"One out of seven isn't very much, but if you're looking for any possible signal, that might be it," said Dr Francis, whose lab was the lead institution in the study. "Otherwise, patients didn't lose vision.
All of the participants had advanced retinitis pigmentosa (RP), no better than hand-motion vision. They were enrolled from three institutions in the US and underwent vitrectomy and single unilateral extramacular subretinal injection of an allogenic cellular product known as CNTO2476.
The cells were produced by the Stem Cell Organization, which is part of the J&J Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Centocor R&D Inc., which is now planning to move forward with studies of additional indications and additional trials.
Dr Francis reported the latest findings at the 2010 annual meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. In this preliminary study, the three men and four women, with a median age of 62 years, received cell dosages ranging from 47500 to 470000 cells delivered transvitreally to the subretinal space through a retinotomy. Follow-up evaluations were conducted for more than 1 year.
Analysis of the results showed no evidence of immune rejection. Two patients developed postsurgical retinal detachments, which may have been related to non-closure of the retinotomy site.
Although the participants in a phase I study are typically normal, healthy individuals, the nature of this therapy, which required a vitrectomy, necessitated choosing subjects with a retinal degenerative condition, Dr Francis said.
"We thought that the chances of seeing efficacy were very limited, but because this was the first in-human use of cells in this manner, and certainly in the eye, we thought that they would be the target group," he continued. "If we were going to see efficacy, it would be in one of these retinal degenerations such as RP and possibly age-related macular degeneration (AMD)."
Although it was encouraging that there was no evidence of an immune rejection, the broader implication of the phase I study for the field of stem cell research was that these cells could be successfully implanted in the retina without a deleterious effect or immune response, Dr Francis said.
"This was the first and tentative, careful step into transplantation and use of stem cells for retinal disease, and the results were encouraging," he added. "It was a small and carefully planned step forward for the field." | <urn:uuid:78d7d468-f47e-4270-b359-8951b74e0dc6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://europe.ophthalmologytimes.com/view/cell-therapy-advances-retinal-disease | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.975208 | 595 | 2.1875 | 2 |
For the same thing,
He would work for 4 hours,
while I would work for 10.
After all, he wanted success,
whereas I needed it.
I remember that throughout my life as a student and as a topper, people have called me hardworking, they have called me ambitious, they have acknowledged that I am strong and independent, that I am determined and confident. But no one in my life, like literally, no one, ever, even accidentally or inadvertently, explicitly called me “intelligent”, “intellectual” or “smart”. In fact, I remember how a few teachers even pulled by ears and asked me to focus on being smarter rather than hardworking.
They would ask me to learn from many other students to be smart. Now, these were students that I often thought of as careless, undisciplined and lazy. I remember how I once felt extremely bad for a week when my favourite maths teacher told another student to take a cue from my hardworking nature, adding that it was only the effort I put in that allowed me to score 99% marks since I didn’t have the brains for it.
In such moments, I’d try to console myself by recalling all the times I came up with an innovative idea or how I handled a particular situation, but these tricks would not work for me for long.
I was a child of the slums and had very little exposure to the world outside at that time. I was prone to second-guessing myself.
I was a child of the slums and had very little exposure to the world outside at that time. I was prone to second-guessing myself. At times, I would hate myself in my class 11th and 12th for working hard.
Sometimes, I would try hiding from people that I was working because I wanted to show them that I could finish my tasks in a short time. I sometimes lacked self-respect.
But when I cleared the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) in my first attempt and got a place at the prestigious National Law University at Kolkata without any coaching and by preparing only for 25 days; when I cleared the entrance exam of the IIM-Indore’s Five Year Integrated Programme in Management (IPM), again without any coaching and by studying only for three days; when I cracked all other competitive exams around the same time, in that one month, I was strongly convinced “for the first time” that I was not only a hardworking person but also blessed with a sharp mind.
Then, at my law school, when I met the toppers of different schools, and when I got the chance to work with them during our assignments, papers and moots, etc, the realization was reinforced that I too had brains and I was not a frog in the well. But, even then, people at my college would call me hardworking; never once did any one of my batchmates acknowledge me to be witty. But, I longer paid heed to that.
For a very hardworking person, success is imperative, while for others it might just be a matter of “want”.
Now I have realized that being excessively hardworking does not always mean that you are any less intelligent or that you are in any way not smart. It may simply mean that you invest so much effort in your tasks for certain reasons.
1. You are afraid to lose
I remember how when I wanted to become an all-India CBSE topper in my Class 12th, I would study for some 15 hours a day without a miss throughout the year. On the other hand, some students would study only during the last three months of the academic year and would score the same as me. But, it is important to understand here that I studied so much not because I needed to but because I was really apprehensive about missing my dream college in case I scored low. Therefore, out of my fear of scoring less, I would study more than what was actually needed.
2. You wish to avoid guilt in case of failure
As an individual entity in this big world, what we have in our control is how much we invest in any work we do. But no matter what we do, however hard we try, success can never be guaranteed. We can only increase or decrease the probability of it through our work. So, getting success or failure as the end result is something which no one can control. Therefore, some people, work hard so that even if they do not get success, at least, they would never be left with any guilt or regrets later in life — that had they done something more, then they might have been successful. So, working extremely hard enables people to tell themselves later that they did whatever they possibly could have with respect to a particular job. This avoids a feeling of guilt when there is failure.
3. You have now become rigid about working hard
Working hard is a matter of habit and not a matter of chance. So, one may work hard for anything simply because that is how one is. In fact, there comes a stage in one’s life, when one becomes so used to working hard that one feels afraid of choosing the alternative of working in a manner which requires less input.
Their prejudice is that hard work is a compensation for incompetence. They cannot understand that you work hard because you just cannot help it!
Either or all of the above-stated reasons exist behind a person’s excessive hard work whenever she thinks that a certain goal is extremely important for her. For such a person, success is imperative, while for others it might just be a matter of “want”.
However, I’m not trying to say that one should become excessively goal oriented or that one should fear failures. What I want to drive home is that just because someone works harder than others it does not mean that she lacks brains or competence. It just means that she is extremely cautious and passionate about her goals. Hence, many a times, extremely hard work is a matter of attitude or habit or fear instead of it being a matter of “need.”
Very often, people do not appreciate your intelligence when they see you work hard. This belief is a mechanism by which they console themselves. They tell themselves that the only reason you’ve achieved something that they could not is because you’re a donkey who slogged all day while they did not. Their prejudice is that hard work is a compensation for incompetence. They cannot understand that you work hard because you just cannot help it!
Therefore, if you are a hardworking person, stop feeling guilty for working hard! | <urn:uuid:9ff869ae-65a7-4e32-92d4-555e6ffa812c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.indianspice.co.za/2016/08/07/so-hardworking-but-you-dont-have-brains/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.983481 | 1,384 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Metabolic and Renal Research Group
Metabolic and Renal Research Group focuses on translational research on the relationship between metabolic dysfunction, kidney dysfunction / kidney disease, and possible links to the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
The number of persons with end-stage renal disease (dialysis or renal transplantation) is rapidly increasing. The number of persons in Norway receiving renal replacement therapy has increased from 1400 in 1990 to 4.500 at present. This constitutes a major health problem with economic impact on the society. Even low-grade renal injury appears to be associated with increased risk of cardio-vascular disease. The new concept of the “reno-cardiac axis” describes this relationship.
Through epidemiological, clinical and experimental approaches we are studying the possible effect of mild changes in renal function, and metabolic disturbances such as hyperuricemia, albuminuria, insulin resistance and hyperproinsulenemia on the development of hypertension and subsequently heart disease. | <urn:uuid:9313de4b-ced3-4194-b7d8-437122966e5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.uit.no/forskning/forskningsgrupper/gruppe?p_document_id=342616 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.915509 | 201 | 1.507813 | 2 |
At the energy lab here at KTH, we are developing efficient HVAC systems and applications as well as waste heat recovery systems such as heat pumps and geothermal applications.
Our research projects concern the design of refrigeration and heat pump systems, and what can be done to make these systems more energy efficient and their environmental footprint smaller. To obtain the previously mentioned added values, we build, commission, and test specific projects investigating how natural fluids, like propane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia, could be used in a safe and efficient way as refrigerant.
Refrigeration systems and heat pumps, especially High Temperature Heat Pump (HTHP), become more efficient if the heat exchangers, evaporator and condenser, are efficient and give small temperature differences. For this reason, we have research projects on enhancing the surface area to volume ratio of the heat exchangers using additive manufacturing technologies (Metal 3D Printers) to attain the best ratio.
Ejemplos de buenas prácticas
Buenas prácticas 3D metal printed heat exchanger
trying to reduce the ratio of volume to the area to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the designed HEX | <urn:uuid:02666977-f1a3-4d7c-8b99-366bec5a6fb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.green-cooling-initiative.org/es/red-de-refrigeracion-verde/detalle-del-miembro/kth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.901293 | 247 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Asayah Y. Hawkins
Founder of University Of Counsel
School Of Counsel
Founder of Institute of Advance
Human Science and Research
Zec 6:13 Even he shall build the temple of Yahweh; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both.
The Counsel of Peace was restored to restore the Covenant of Peace and MessiahGovernment of Peace. This Counsel will protect and guard the Covenant of Peace, and the body of believers of this Covenant. Michael (Micahyah), a anointed Cherub, guarded the body of believers as written in Daniyl 12:1. It is through this Counsel that the church and state will work together. The University of Counsel was created to teach this Covenant of Peace and to bring forth the true Teachers of Peace, known as Jerusalem/Yerusalem. It is the Counsel of Peace commission, duty, and authority to uphold the Covenant of Peace as written in Zecharyah 6:13, Numbers 25:12-13, Yechetzqyah(Ezekiel) 34:25, Yechetzqyah(Ezekiel) 37:24-26, and Isayah(Isaiah) 54:10.
It is by the Counsel of Peace that the Book of Remembrance will be written. This Book of Remembrance (Memorial) is now recorded in the Library of Congress of Washington D.C.
History is in the making, and everything has been documented to authenticate the facts of the matters of events as they are unfolding to make history and to confirm that which were spoken of by the prophets.
The University Of Counsel started off as a Private Home School. Texas is one of the States of the Union that is big on Home School. It was in 2002 the that founder Asayah Y. Hawkins decided to home school his two younger children. The founder had a divine love for the Holy Bible, that lead him to write many books that he use to teach his children. It was'nt until 2006 that he decided to record one of his books, the Covenant of Peace. It was in 2005 that the home school officially was named the School of Counsel and issue its first diploma to his older daughter Azalyah Hawkins. This School still exist as a private school under the Counsel of Peace, but now as of November 6, 2012 is it will be known as University Of Counsel (UOC). All four children of the founder was educated in this school and recieved a diploma. His younger daughter, Tchermiyah A. Hawkins, is the Managing Director of Teens Speak Out Organization and Magazine. | <urn:uuid:99da5c47-7730-4247-b9b1-81d6848d0730> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.universityofcounsel.org/about_us | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.976238 | 562 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Colonel J. J. Cardin, C. B.
Source: St Martin’s-Le-Grand, XI (1901), facing page 14.
© Royal Mail Group Ltd, courtesy of The Postal Museum.
James Joseph Cardin was the epitome of the Victorian civil servant. He worked for the Post Office for forty years, and from 1886 until his retirement in 1901 he held the important position of Comptroller and Accountant-General. In 1897, in Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee honours, he was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB), in recognition of his many years at the Post Office. This honour was then, and still is, often awarded to senior members of the civil service, often in the later years of their careers. He was also the Lieutenant Colonel of the Civil Service Volunteer Rifles, receiving the Volunteer Officer’s Decoration for his 34 years of service to the regiment. He was, in all respects, the epitome of the long-serving Victorian civil servant and very much part of the London professional elite.
James’ career was one of a steady rise through the upper ranks of the Post Office. He entered service in 1860, aged 21 years, at a time when the Post Office was expanding rapidly. He was first appointed as a clerk in office of the Receiver and Accountant General and promotions followed: in 1877 he was appointed as the Principal Bookkeeper of the Post Office and in 1881 as the Assistant Receiver and Accountant-General. At the time of his retirement in 1901 on the grounds of ill health, his salary as Comptroller and Accountant-General was £1400 – equivalent to around £183,000 today.
One of James Cardin’s main roles was to oversee the merger in 1884 of the Post Office scheme of life insurances and annuities, with the Post Office Savings Bank, which has been set up in 1861 as a way of providing working-class people with a safe place in which to keep their savings. In the Post Office, as well as in the Civil Service and professions more widely, the payment of a pension ceased when the pensioner passed away, often leaving the family in financial difficulties. For the growing professional middle class, in which James was firmly embedded, these types of insurance and annuity schemes were important because they provided some financial security for family members when the principal wage earner died. However, the competition for life insurance and annuities from companies such as the Prudential, was strong and the Post Office Savings Bank, through which the scheme was to operate, was firmly associated with working-class customers. For those reasons, perhaps, middle-class investors in the Post Office scheme were relatively few, and the merger that Cardin oversaw was largely unsuccessful.
After his retirement in 1901, because of respiratory problems following a bout of influenza, James Cardin spent a quiet life in the leafy London suburb of Streatham, taking holidays on passenger liners – travelling first class. He died on 3rd May 1917 aged 77, from chronic bronchitis and pneumonia, leaving an estate worth over £4600. He was survived by his three children: Herbert, Ernest and Mary Elizabeth. | <urn:uuid:ef0fa1dd-f092-4d9c-b3bd-f320bcc3e9e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://addressinghealth.org.uk/james-joseph-cardin-1839-1917-the-epitome-of-the-respectable-victorian-civil-servant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.987461 | 666 | 2.046875 | 2 |
In regards to motor vehicle insurance policy, there are many various factors that could impact your high quality. You’ll be able to decreased your top quality by driving safely and securely and responsibly. Other factors to contemplate when comparing fees consist of your car make and product, the worth of your car, And the way you use it. If you often push lengthy distances, you usually tend to be linked to accidents. Eventually, The easiest method to reduce your insurance coverage premium is to locate a policy that fits your requirements.
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Each and every state sets its individual minimum amount auto insurance plan requirements, and these legal guidelines are broken down into three separate figures. In California, for example, that you are needed to have at least 15/30/five in bodily damage legal responsibility coverage, and 30/50/five in house problems liability. These figures can vary greatly, so it is best to examine your condition’s demands right before driving. While alternate insurance can be an option, it’s not normally a good idea.
The least coverage required by your condition is often legal responsibility protection, but quite a few lenders require comprehensive coverage. Complete coverage refers to both equally collision and detailed insurance, and it may be necessary by your lender if you are financing your car. Liability coverage handles damages to other people’s property within the celebration of a collision but not your own personal car or self. Bodily harm legal responsibility and residence damage liability coverage may be put together to provide you with the ideal protection at an extremely affordable value.
Regardless of whether you might have collision protection on your automobile insurance policies policy will depend on your situations. While you might not be essential by legislation to own this protection, lenders will possible have to have it if you plan on financing your vehicle. Lenders may call for you to carry collision insurance Should you have a loan, which means you should invest in entire protection auto insurance policies. This protection can be a requirement for many people who finance a vehicle, regardless of whether new or employed.
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There are plenty of elements to take into account when looking for an auto coverage bill. Some states need minimum limitations on Property and Uninsured motorist protection, which pays for that distinction between your bills along with the plan Restrict with the at-fault driver. Other states will not have to have underinsured motorist protection. Here are some ideas to assist you to shop for the appropriate insurance policy for your preferences. With any luck ,, these tips will make the procedure a bit less difficult and help you save you dollars.
Legal responsibility protection for vehicle insurance coverage is critical as a way to protect yourself plus your residence against claims of harm or home hurt. This protection can deal with the price of defense or settlement do you have to be located at fault for an accident. There are various kinds of coverage, so it is important to be aware of the difference between them to stop high priced surprises. Point out Farm delivers common charges for different levels of coverage. Chances are you’ll discover it more helpful to select a medium protection degree.
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In almost each and every state, it is against the law to push without liability coverage, which includes assets injury liability. When you result in damage to somebody else’s residence, liability protection pays for repairs. On the other hand, your auto insurance policy coverage won’t include your individual automobile’s damages. Your state might have distinct least necessities for legal responsibility protection, so it is vital to examine your plan prior to buying it. Property coverage is likewise essential on your economical safety. It can help you prevent getting remaining with huge insurance coverage expenditures for those who induce a mishap.
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Erie Insurance is an additional regional insurance company which offers cheap auto insurance plan. This business is based in Pennsylvania, and continues to be in business enterprise because 1925. Erie offers auto coverage, life, and home insurance policies. Although Erie only gives coverage in sure states, it’s got over thirteen,000 unbiased insurance coverage brokers all over America. You may pick out an agent or perhaps a regional insurer Based on your requirements. Even so, it is usually recommended that you simply read all good print before you make a call.
For anyone who is a high-chance driver, you might want to Assess motor vehicle insurance plan offers and obtain the cheapest policy for your needs. It’s also advisable to take a look at how much protection is on the market in your neighborhood in order to establish if a reduce amount is possible. It’d be extra very affordable to buy far more coverage When you’ve got lower hazard or if you agree for a better deductible. It all depends upon your preferences. Fortuitously, there are numerous choices accessible to you.
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In case you have a poor credit rating background, you happen to be regarded as a higher-danger driver by a lot of insurance organizations. It is because you usually tend to file an insurance assert than the usual driver with very good credit rating. Your credit score is usually a factor in how insurance businesses check out you, along with a former DUI/DWI will increase your top quality by approximately 65%. This is such as an additional $477 over a 6-thirty day period plan. A different component that insurers consider is your driving heritage. A DUI/DWI can boost your quality by approximately $174, in addition to a speeding ticket can incorporate around about forty five%.
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There are a variety of variables to consider When selecting The most affordable car insurance policies for youthful motorists. Your age and marital status Engage in a big job in your auto insurance costs. The type of car or truck you drive may additionally have an effect in your quality. For instance, high-performance automobiles are generally dearer to insure than minimal-functionality vehicles. As a result, the initial step in finding The most cost effective auto insurance policy for youthful drivers is to locate a automobile with various safety functions.
A great way to lower the expense of automobile insurance plan for younger drivers is to reduce the protection you will need. Numerous insurers present savings if you are a great university student, or if you are in driver teaching. Nevertheless, lessening your protection could bring about substantial out-of-pocket costs Should you have a mishap. Consequently, make sure to weigh the risks of this option meticulously, and often err on the side of locating greater price.
Young people Use a tough time securing low-cost auto insurance coverage. When the price of a policy for a sixteen-12 months-aged driver is far greater than that of an Grownup, it can be lessened by introducing a teenager to an existing plan. This feature improves charges by a mean of $1,461 a 12 months, but is usually less expensive than getting a individual coverage. Moreover, if you are a younger driver, seek out reductions as well as other techniques to save lots of.
The cost of auto insurance differs commonly based on your profile, which can suggest that you need to shop about for the cheapest insurance plan for small-possibility motorists. Insurers consider a variety of components when choosing on an insurance coverage policy, like your driving report, demographics, and Over-all possibility level. Stated underneath tend to be the 5 most critical elements to take into account when comparing insurance policy prices. Do not forget that lower coverage prices Do not imply that you’ve got to sacrifice excellent.
To start with, take into consideration your zip code. These in large-crime areas will deal with better premiums. Moreover, insurance coverage corporations just take website traffic volume into account. Also, ensure you do not have any accidents or statements on the report, as these will boost your rates. Last of all, Understand that you’ll want to Look at rates every single six months to stop paying out greater than You should. It’s also wise to consider obtaining a multi-coverage lower price if you have multiple coverage with a certain insurance company.
Though credit scores aren’t legally utilized by insurers in some states, they’re even now essential things to consider when comparing auto insurance policy prices. In Hawaii, drivers with weak credit score pays 168% a lot more than comparable thoroughly clean drivers. In Massachusetts, substantial-threat motorists pay out 30% in excess of cleanse motorists. For brand new drivers, a DUI, dashing ticket, and negative credit history will improve prices much more than Other people. Make sure to attain some estimates before making a decision.
The zip code you live in is An important Consider the cost of insurance coverage. If you reside in a location with large crime and incident charges, you can hope to pay extra for insurance policies quotes. In addition, components like site visitors quantity and accident record can enhance the expense of insurance plan. Most insurance coverage corporations also check into a driver’s driving history to determine what rate they need to cost for their plan. Normally, drivers which has a poor driving background shell out additional for protection than All those having a clean driving document.
Vehicle insurance has risen by $fifty – $one hundred in the final five years, as health treatment prices are increasing. Drivers may also be required to have uninsured and PIP insurance coverage, which are over-average condition demands. Lots of states only involve legal responsibility insurance policy, but New York requires motorists to carry both equally. These optional coverages raise the expense of coverage, and will typically boost the complete high quality. Finally, drivers must Check out their coverage restrictions, as some policies Use a decrease minimum amount quantity of coverage than Some others.
In Ny, the standard individual spends two.8 % in their income on car insurance policies, which can be somewhat better than the nationwide common of 2.40 per cent. People today of their 30s, 40s, and 50s pays a bit below the common. The 70+ age group pays higher rates than motorists with much less driving encounter. Those who are married pays a bit larger premiums, but nevertheless reduced than single folks.
Besides reduced costs, drivers also can take defensive driving programs. These lessons are 320 minutes in size, and include things like discussions of driver Mindset and targeted visitors guidelines. Additionally they teach defensive driving methods that may significantly minimize the price of coverage. They can also support to boost their driving history, so finishing a study course can reduced the cost of an automobile insurance policies estimate. On the other hand, in case you are Doubtful about the precise protection you require, you may Check out with the Insurance policies Details Institute.
Although gasoline prices fluctuate by state, the price of an automobile insurance policy quotation in other states might be better or lessen than your personal. Some things may account for this, together with the percentage of uninsured drivers, point out coverage rules, and the rate of theft. Also, the incidence of bad weather conditions can adjust the price of insurance policy in several states. The next desk exhibits normal car insurance policy premiums in numerous states. These estimates are based upon a comparison of state insurance requirements.
Missouri is The most affordable state for complete-protection auto insurance coverage, shelling out just $944 lower than Louisiana. Also, this point out has certainly one of the bottom costs for every capita, and is also rated fifth concerning expense of residing. In contrast, Texas drivers pay back probably the most for their car or truck insurance, spending about 33% in their once-a-year cash flow in full. This disparity may be as a consequence of The truth that the condition provides a higher variety of uninsured drivers and many lawsuits.
The countrywide average for total protection automobile insurance policy is $one,771 a 12 months. The condition with the costliest insurance policies quality is Louisiana, using a top quality of $two,839, a 19% raise from 2020. Conversely, Maine’s regular insurance coverage top quality is only $858. This is because no-fault states have larger coverage rates. The expense of a car insurance policy in other states can differ significantly. There are lots of things to consider, including your condition’s laws on insurance.
For those who are trying to find significant-threat driver auto insurance around me, you may well be asking yourself ways to get a minimal-cost plan. High-possibility drivers pay out higher insurance plan rates than average motorists. It’s because they have a tendency to get additional incidents or violations on their document. With regards to the condition, the limit may very well be three yrs or 5 years. Sometimes, you can obtain reductions if you’re taking a driver basic safety class.
Whilst the countrywide averages for prime-threat driver car insurance policy near me are fairly steady, you’ll find that rates differ wildly from condition to state. Some businesses regulate their fees to unique states, Therefore if you live in a certain condition, chances are you’ll find that one particular insurer features you the top coverage to get a low cost. The most cost effective significant-risk driver auto insurance plan near me comes from Point out Farm, which has a protracted-standing track record for providing great service.
The easiest method to find a high-threat driver car coverage in the vicinity of me is usually to enter your ZIP code and Assess prices. The cost of high-possibility vehicle insurance policy in close proximity to me can vary from point out to state, but most massive insurers present this sort of coverage. Many of these organizations concentrate on high-danger coverage, for instance Countrywide Typical. You might even be capable of finding a cheaper policy When you’ve got fantastic grades in addition to a small-hazard auto.
There are various great things about evaluating motor vehicle insurance coverage providers. In this article, We’re going to explore many of the most important characteristics, for example scores, reductions, and customer care. Picking out the best coverage is essential for your safety and defense, so make an effort to check the various policies from unique firms. By the time you complete reading through this short article, you’ll need an notion of which insurer offers the most beneficial protection at the lowest Value. Below are a few tricks to choose the correct a single for yourself:
To find the most effective rate, you should Assess motor vehicle coverage quotes from unique providers. Insurers use a lot of things to determine the price of coverage. You have to determine your person needs and Examine price ranges from various companies. For instance, sports activities automobiles can Value additional to insure than standard autos. In addition, your locality and driving historical past may affect the rates that you are quoted. By utilizing a comparison Device, you could find the lowest level on a similar coverage Using the identical deductibles.
Insurance policy premiums could vary significantly, so it really is essential to know how Just about every policy operates. One of the things that have an impact on premiums are driving heritage, age, and credit rating record. You can also Assess the benefits that each organization features, for instance roadside support or accident forgiveness. Though this could seem like a frightening task, it may help to check rates from distinctive vendors and choose the right just one. Outlined below are a few tricks to get you started out.
On the subject of evaluating automobile insurance coverage businesses, it is advisable to start with the J.D. Energy motor vehicle insurance company scores. These are determined by client satisfaction surveys that study Countless automobile coverage consumers nationwide. The outcome are compiled into numerical scores that stand for the businesses’ normal consumer gratification rating. These rankings are revealed each year, and the ideal motor vehicle insurance businesses in Every class are awarded gold medals. But how Did you know if the businesses you are looking at are any good?
There are many means to evaluate the financial toughness of car insurance coverage businesses. Firstly, you can Check out the AM Most effective insurance provider score, which offers economical stability scores for vehicle insurance plan companies. Whether or not the vehicle insurance provider has an A, B, C, or F ranking, it’s important to know how secure it really is in advance of selecting a coverage. This is a vital element of customer care, so make sure to read through the reviews and skim the fantastic print prior to making a decision.
Auto insurance coverage corporations offer you several different bargains. Quite a few of these discounts may not be readily available for All people, so it is important to check the organization Web-site to make sure you qualify to the bargains that utilize to you. Some organizations give many bargains, and It’s also possible to ask your insurance policies agent Should they be suitable for any specific lower price. Even so, the method is not difficult and often will take less than an hour. Down below are a few samples of achievable car insurance policy special discounts.
Legacy Discounts: An auto insurance provider might provide a reduction to new drivers who obtain their plan by means of their moms and dads’ company. This lower price is generally all-around ten per cent. This can be one method to thank your mother and father for your enterprise through the years, and it could help you save money on your vehicle insurance policies protection. Lots of providers offer you legacy savings to young motorists, and It is really really worth examining to discover In case your insurance company features one. You can even look into procedures provided by American Family, Farmers, or USAA.
Inside the insurance marketplace, There are several businesses that persistently excel at customer care. Esurance, one example is, scored 4 out of five in the J.D. Ability rankings for customer support, a significant mark for a company whose father or mother business will not. The company scored higher than its opponents in all other places, together with plan choices and prices, and also the quality of services provided by its Call Middle Reps and Web-site.(individualized service)
An important factor of automobile insurance coverage for many buyers is its coverage, but it’s the customer service that matters most. Prospects wish to Get in touch with their insurers and acquire prompt, courteous provider. Which means they want to get a reaction for their emails and phone calls speedily, and they would like to talk to an agent who’ll listen to their issues and offer remedies. While all automobile insurance plan businesses might offer exceptional customer care, some do complete a lot better than Many others.(rideshare insurance)(only a few clicks)(insurance solutions)
A number of elements impact the premiums of car insurance businesses. Driving heritage and age are two main aspects. A driver by using a lousy driving record or a bad credit history rating can have better premiums. Also, the cost of dwelling in your area will have an impact on the premiums. For that reason, it is important to compare the premiums of various insurance plan providers to discover the a person that will match your spending budget and your driving routines. Usually there are some solutions to decreased your rates, which include slicing coverage or taking a defensive driving study course. You can also choose to purchase a full calendar year of protection up front.(Monthly bill on the internet)(personnel reductions)(at fault accident)(lined accident)
In combination with the above mentioned-mentioned variables, a number of other matters can increase your premium. For illustration, in case you’ve recently created a assert or logged a traffic violation, your insurance policies service provider will reassess your premiums. Also, if you’re taking a secure driving study course, you might be suitable for a reduction. Coverage firms are constantly tweaking their models to find out the charges, and you could possibly see a change within your premiums Even though you’ve hardly ever modified your driving historical past.(use primarily based coverage)(rental vehicles)(automobile repairs)(safe driver low cost)
A car or truck coverage Evaluate is a terrific way to avoid disreputable insurance policy providers. By way of example, very low prices from a selected insurance provider might be misleading If your estimate excludes sure protection or helps make inaccurate assumptions about your driving profile. By on the lookout up insurance plan companies’ rankings and also the A.M. Most effective ranking, you can find The most cost effective insurance coverage firms close to you. Examine this text to Discover how car insurance compares could help you save cash. Then, get your quotes from the top rated companies and find out which a single is the best in your case.(incident free of charge)
Your credit rating-based mostly insurance plan rating is a handy indicator of exactly how much hazard you are likely to pose, but you mustn’t let it dictate your premiums. The federal govt does not enable insurers to make use of your credit record as the sole reason behind an increase in your charges. On the other hand, states such as California, Massachusetts, Oregon, Utah, and Vermont have legislation set up that limit insurers from using credit rating historical past to determine insurance plan premiums.(could help save)(new car or truck)(vehicle assert)
Even so, this type of insurance policies won’t apply to each condition, so people don’t have any way to determine if an organization is using your score to decide how much to demand them. Some states, which include California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Michigan, do ban credit history-based mostly insurance policy. All kinds of other states also have restrictions on using credit-based mostly insurance policy scores. Ultimately, you will need to make your mind up yourself if your credit history-based mostly insurance score is appropriate for you.(motorbike coverage)(roadside guidance coverage)(bundling vehicle)(obtain a motor vehicle insurance)(pet insurance)(actual funds benefit)(remarkable statements services)(yacht insurance policy)
A lot of variables affect the expense of motor vehicle insurance plan special discounts, together with age. Age has an effect on your level by over 30 percent, and in a few states, a youthful driver pays Virtually four times just as much as a 30-12 months-previous. Inexperience is another important element, as youthful teenagers usually tend to enter into accidents. By comprehension what variables have an effect on your premiums, you’ll be able to negotiate lessen fees for yourself. Stated below are some of the ways that age impacts your automobile insurance policies.
On the whole, the young that you are, the lessen your rates is going to be. But For anyone who is a person, age does influence the expense of motor vehicle insurance. Though younger male motorists pay out fewer than their older counterparts, premiums for motorists inside their sixties and seventies skyrocket. Statistically, males are two plus a 50 % times as more likely to be involved with an auto crash than Gals, And so the gender hole decreases with age.(protection solutions)(homeowners coverage)
The fact that a man can pay a better quality for car coverage than a lady is not totally astonishing. A lot of Adult men make weak alternatives when driving, resulting in additional incidents and claims. On the other hand, there are a few things which make Gentlemen dearer to insure. Here are several of the very best explanation why. Read more to discover more about the most well-liked things that have an affect on automobile coverage costs by gender. And if you’re still puzzled, consider these tips for decreasing your premiums.(vehicle insurance policies guidelines)(auto insurance policy quote)(motor vehicle coverage rate)
The Oregon Division of monetary Regulation has instructed vehicle insurers to support shoppers who You should not specify their gender. Discrimination in opposition to non-binary individuals may be grounds for unfair discrimination rates, and insurers must file premiums for the people motorists starting off in January 2019. These charges could be better than Those people for male and feminine drivers. Assuming that they don’t seem to be excessive, Females can lower your expenses. Also, don’t worry concerning the “non-binary” charge for younger motorists.(motor vehicle insurance assert)(gap coverage)(auto coverage) | <urn:uuid:81cc4a2c-9430-45ac-b3b3-243830cf2161> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asiawrites.org/car-insurance-in-trafford-pa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.951365 | 7,258 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Through the lens of the theory of planned behavior, this article explores how social workers adapt to a new situation due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three focus group sessions were conducted with 23 social workers from child and youth, family, and elderly services in Hong Kong. Three major themes were generated: (1) repositioning the social work profession, (2) renegotiating contracts with funders, and (3) exploring novel intervention methods. Implications of the findings are discussed. To ensure social workers can respond effectively in crises, an evolving nature of the profession is advocated to enshrine its spirit to serve.
- Hong Kong
- social work practice | <urn:uuid:2044445e-782b-46ab-9a84-0da903120141> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.hkbu.edu.hk/en/publications/social-workers-adaptation-in-times-of-pandemic-crisis-a-hong-kong | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.943436 | 160 | 1.59375 | 2 |
All's Well That Ends Well is a play by William Shakespeare, published in the First Folio in 1623, where it is listed among the comedies. There is a debate regarding the dating of the composition of the play, with possible dates ranging from 1598 to 1608.
Helena, the low-born ward of a French-Spanish countess, is in love with the countess's son Bertram, who is indifferent to her. Bertram goes to Paris to replace his late father as attendant to the ailing King of France. Helena, the daughter of a recently deceased physician, follows Bertram, ostensibly to offer the King her services as a healer. The King is skeptical, and she guarantees the cure with her life: if he dies, she will be put to death, but if he lives, she may choose a husband from the court.
The King is cured and Helena chooses Bertram, who rejects her, owing to her poverty and low status. The King forces him to marry her, but after the ceremony Bertram immediately goes to war in Italy without so much as a goodbye kiss. He says that he will only marry her after she has carried his child and wears his family ring. Helena returns home to the countess, who is horrified at what her son has done, and claims Helena as her child in Bertram's place.
In Italy, Bertram is a successful warrior and also a successful seducer of local virgins. Helena follows him to Italy, befriends Diana, a virgin with whom Bertram is infatuated, and they arrange for Helena to take Diana's place in bed. Diana obtains Bertram's ring in exchange for one of Helena's. In this way Helena, without Bertram's knowledge, consummates their marriage and wears his ring.
Helena fakes her own death. Bertram, thinking he is free of her, comes home. He tries to marry a local lord's daughter, but Diana shows up and breaks up the engagement. Helena appears and explains the ring swap, announcing that she has fulfilled Bertram's challenge; Bertram, impressed by all she has done to win him, swears his love to her. Thus all ends well.
There is a subplot about Parolles, a disloyal associate of Bertram's: Some of the lords at the court attempt to get Bertram to know that his friend Parolles is a boasting coward, as Lafew and the Countess have also said. They convince Parolles to cross into enemy territory to fetch a drum that he left behind. While on his way, they pose as enemy soldiers, kidnap him, blindfold him, and, with Bertram observing, get him to betray his friends, and besmirch Bertram's character.
The play is based on the tale of Giletta di Narbona (tale nine of day three) of Boccaccio's The Decameron. F. E. Halliday speculated that Shakespeare may have read a French translation of the tale in William Painter's Palace of Pleasure.
There is no evidence that All's Well That Ends Well was popular in Shakespeare's own lifetime and it has remained one of his lesser-known plays ever since, in part due to its unorthodox mixture of fairy tale logic, gender role reversals and cynical realism. Helena's love for the seemingly unlovable Bertram is difficult to explain on the page, but in performance, it can be made acceptable by casting an extremely attractive actor and emphasising the possibility of a homosexual relationship between Bertram and the "clothes horse" fop, Parolles: "A filthy officer he is in those suggestions for the young earl." (Act III Sc5.) This latter interpretation also assists at the point in the final scene in which Bertram suddenly switches from hatred to love in just one line. This is considered a particular problem for actors trained to admire psychological realism. However, some alternative readings emphasise the "if" in his equivocal promise: "If she, my liege, can make me know this clearly, I'll love her dearly, ever, ever dearly." Here, there has been no change of heart at all. Productions like London's National Theatre in 2009 have Bertram make his promise seemingly normally, but then end the play hand-in-hand with Helena, staring out at the audience with a look of "aghast bewilderment" suggesting he only relented to save face in front of the King. A 2018 interpretation from director Caroline Byrne at the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, London, effects Bertram's reconciliation with Helena by having him make good his vow (Act 2 Scene 2) of only taking her as his wife when she bears his child; as well as Bertram's ring, Helena brings their infant child to their final confrontation before the king.
Many critics consider that the truncated ending is a drawback, with Bertram's conversion so sudden. Speculative explanations have been given for this. There is (as always) possibly missing text. Some suggest that Bertram's conversion is meant to be sudden and magical in keeping with the 'clever wench performing tasks to win an unwilling higher born husband' theme of the play. Some consider that Bertram is not meant to be contemptible, merely a callow youth learning valuable lessons about values. Contemporary audiences would readily have recognised Bertram's enforced marriage as a metaphor for the new requirement (1606), directed at followers of the Catholic religion, to swear an Oath of Allegiance to Protestant King James, suggests academic Andrew Hadfield of the University of Sussex.
Many directors have taken the view that when Shakespeare wrote a comedy, he did intend there to be a happy ending, and accordingly that is the way the concluding scene should be staged. Elijah Moshinsky in his BBC Television Shakespeare version in 1981 had his Bertram (Ian Charleson) give Helena a tender kiss and speak wonderingly. Despite his outrageous actions, Bertram can come across as beguiling; the 1967 RSC performance with Ian Richardson as Bertram by various accounts (The New Cambridge Shakespeare, 2003 etc.) managed to make Bertram sympathetic, even charming. Ian Charleson's Bertram was cold and egotistical but still attractive.
One character that has been admired is that of the old Countess of Roussillon, which Shaw thought "the most beautiful old woman's part ever written". Modern productions are often promoted as vehicles for great mature actresses; examples in recent decades have starred Judi Dench and Peggy Ashcroft, who delivered a performance of "entranc[ing]...worldly wisdom and compassion" in Trevor Nunn's sympathetic, "Chekhovian" staging at Stratford in 1982. In the BBC Television Shakespeare production she was played by Celia Johnson, dressed and posed as Rembrandt's portrait of Margaretha de Geer.
No records of the early performances of All's Well That Ends Well have been found. In 1741, the work was played at Goodman's Fields, with a later transfer to Drury Lane. Rehearsals at Drury Lane started in October 1741 but William Milward (1702–1742), playing the king, was taken ill, and the opening was delayed until the following 22 January. Peg Woffington, playing Helena, fainted on the first night and her part was read. Milward was taken ill again on 2 February and died on 6 February. This, together with unsubstantiated tales of more illnesses befalling other actresses during the run, gave the play an "unlucky" reputation, similar to that attached to Macbeth, and this may have curtailed the number of subsequent revivals.
Henry Woodward (1714–1777) popularised the part of Parolles in the era of David Garrick. Sporadic performances followed in the ensuing decades, with an operatic version at Covent Garden in 1832.
The play, with plot elements drawn from romance and the ribald tale, depends on gender role conventions, both as expressed (Bertram) and challenged (Helena). With evolving conventions of gender roles, Victorian objections centred on the character of Helena, who was variously deemed predatory, immodest and both "really despicable" and a "doormat" by Ellen Terry, who also—and rather contradictorily—accused her of "hunt[ing] men down in the most undignified way". Terry's friend George Bernard Shaw greatly admired Helena's character, comparing her with the New Woman figures such as Nora in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House. The editor of the Arden Shakespeare volume summed up 19th century repugnance: "everyone who reads this play is at first shocked and perplexed by the revolting idea that underlies the plot." | <urn:uuid:2c89f8b4-41d1-489c-8825-c5b7b627b448> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.knowpia.com/knowpedia/All%27s_Well_That_Ends_Well | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.969814 | 1,858 | 2.734375 | 3 |
A lot of people are writing about their choices, whether it be to use person first language (Person with a disability, person with a wheelchair) or identity first language (disabled person, blind person etc.)
I wanted to make a post about the choices I make with regard to language, both for myself and on feminist sonar.
As an individual , I prefer Identity First language. I am a blind woman. A deaf woman. A disabled woman. I am all of those things because I was born that way. I’m also queer. I’m also cis. My disability is a part of my identity as much as the rest of it because I’ve never known any other reality. When I look in the mirror, my eye with a cataract is a part of who I am- and people wouldn’t recognize me without it.
But I respect those who don’t choose to identify that way.
Which is why I use person first language on feminist sonar.
The disabled community is a many wondered, multi-faceted, greatly opinionated community. There are millions of us, and not all of us agree with one another. Which is why I try to be the most respectful that I can of those who do need to make the separation between their identity and their disability.
I don’t agree with them, mostly because every time I hear someone say “but your disability isn’t who you are” it feels like they’re trying to define me FOR me. Every time I hear that my disability isn’t a part of me, I wonder if they have noticed how much my multiple disabilities shape my very life. They have shaped what I do, how and where I live, and yes, even what I do for a living. Feminist sonar is not just a whim. It’s a way to talk about how I feel about the world I live in.
And my disability informs that experience and that opinion.
For me, I’ll always be a disabled woman. I won’t deny that. But I will also never expect someone else to see it the same way I do – I only ask for respect.
The majority of opinions seem to still trend towards person first language,. and I support people in their choices regarding their identities. I respect the choices that people make when they decide what language they want to be used towards them, whether it is a gender pronoun, a word for their cultural identity, or their disability. We only ever get to make those choices for ourselves, and not for others. | <urn:uuid:20768bc8-c9be-41ca-9688-d82ada746fe1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://feministsonar.com/2015/07/why-im-identity-first/?replytocom=2390 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.970728 | 538 | 1.921875 | 2 |
What is the Risk?
When a lender looks at a loan application, their main question is “what risk do I take on by issuing this loan?” Credit checks, bank statements, employment verification – all the documentation required when getting approved for a loan is in service of assessing what the odds are that the loan will go into default. This is why a down payment is such a crucial part of obtaining a home loan. When a borrower has a substantial down payment (20 to 30% or more), the lender’s exposure is lessened in the event of a default, thus reducing the need of private mortgage insurance.
This 20-30% figure used to be required, yet clearly this kept a lot of people from realizing the benefits of homeownership, especially first time buyers. That is until 1957, when Max H. Karl, a real estate attorney, founded Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation and invented the modern form of private mortgage insurance.
What is PMI?
PMI is designed to address the hefty down payment hurdle. Instead of coming to the table with 20% or more for a down payment, a private mortgage insurance policy allows consumers to buy and finance a home without a large down payment. With PMI, the borrower pays a small percentage of the total loan amount (0.3 – 1.5%/year) in addition to their mortgage and insurance payments. As an example, a $200,000 loan with a PMI rate of 1% will come out to $167 dollars extra a month for a borrower. It’s not nothing, but for many it’s a manageable trade off.
Temporary or Permanent?
Yet sometimes PMI can get a bad rap, as something to be avoided at all costs. Until the end of the 90’s this attitude was understandable – homeowners had limited resources to cancel PMI and were often stuck with it for the life of their loan. That changed with the Homeowners Protection Act of 1998. It required automatic termination of PMI when the loan balance reaches 78% of the original value through natural amortization. Borrowers can often drop their PMI even before reaching that 78% figure – once a borrower reaches 20% equity in their home, they can request a cancellation of PMI. As home prices continue to rise, borrowers build up equity in their homes faster, meaning they can often drop PMI payments earlier than they think.
Want more information about Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)? Follow this link to a more in-depth look at PMI and it’s potential impact on the home buying process.
With the home buying season upon us, now is a great time to connect. Simply complete the form below to start a conversation. As always, no pressure, no sales tactics…just the help and guidance that you need.
About Natascha Honc
Hi, there! I’m Natascha – the founder of Charlotte Life and Living – A strong tribe of Charlotte area residents who get weekly information about the best restaurants, events, shopping, outdoor activities, and real estate in and around Charlotte, North Carolina. Click below to follow us. | <urn:uuid:085f483c-f6bf-425a-a1b6-4f4233c2ff75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://charlottelifeandliving.com/private-mortgage-insurance-pmi-explained/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.949721 | 648 | 2 | 2 |
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An Introduction to Qualitative Research
Anatomy of a Journal Article
Essential Concepts Videos
About the Book
Checklist: Phrasing a Research Question
Does your study have a clearly spelled out research question?
Where does your research question come from and what do you want to achieve in pursuing it?
Is your interest in the contents of the research question the main motivation? Or is answering the research question more a means to an end, like achieving an academic degree?
How many research questions does your study have? Are there too many? If you have more than one question, which is the main question?
Can your research question be answered?
What might an answer look like?
Can your research question be answered empirically?
Who can provide insights for that?
Can you reach these people?
Where can you find such people?
Which situations can give you insights for answering your research questions and are these situations accessible?
What are the methodological consequences of the research question?
What resources are needed? (For example, how much time?
Email your action plan
You can email your Study Plan to yourself to help you track what you still need to study.
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This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. | <urn:uuid:c181d0d5-9ab1-431a-9378-1b9f8fa20c27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://study.sagepub.com/flick6e/student-resources/track/workbook-checklists/checklist-phrasing-a-research-question | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.902128 | 369 | 1.953125 | 2 |
An international conference is a meeting involving two or more nations, organized on a particular topic and often lasts for few days. It provides a chance of listening to different perspectives and getting information on new technologies and equipment. It also provides an opportunity to showcase the candidate’s research work to the audience.
10 Top Conferences for Students
Here I have listed the top 10 International conferences a student may attend to increase his knowledge of new technologies and methods of education.
#1 International Conference on advances in teaching and learning in Higher education
This conference will be held on 20-21 December 2021 in Dubai, UAE. The core aim of this conference is to bring together leading academic scientists and researchers for exchanging ideas about new advancements in the field of higher education. It will also provide an opportunity for new researchers for presenting their ideas, perspectives, and experiences.
#2 International conference on goal orientation and academic performance
It will be held on 20-21 September 2021 in Lisbon, Portugal. The conference code is 21PT09ICGOAP001. This conference will provide an opportunity for practitioners and scholars to share their research findings of goal orientation and performance in academic life.
#3 Washington international strategic leadership conference
This conference is organized by Golden CRI in Greenbelt, United States. It will be held on 12-14 September 2021 and has an estimated 1000 visitors. It has approximately 500 exhibitors. Golden CRI, the center of research and information, is providing a good avenue for researchers. It provides a good platform for the training of leadership and strategic techniques. It offers the participants and presenters opportunities to expand their businesses or academic career by using selected strategic topics and presentations.
#4 Canadian international conference on advances in education, teaching & technology
This conference is organized by Unique Conferences online in June 2022 and has an estimated 5000 visitors. It was organized from 09:00 a.m. to 06:00 p.m. in Toronto, Canada. The core objective of this conference is to empower future leaders by emerging trends in technology. The conference focused on innovative content and networking opportunities. It is also a fabulous conference due to its friendly atmosphere. It will be held in June of every year.
#5 International conference on sustainable development
It was held on September 2022 in New York, United States. This conference is organized by International Conference Sustainable Development and has an estimated 5000+ visitors. It will provide an opportunity for government, civil society, academia, the private sector, and UN agencies to come together to share genuine solutions for achieving sustainable development goals.
#6 International Conference on IT and Computer Science
This conference will be held on 9-10 October, in London, United Kingdom. It is organized by The Society of Academic Research and has had 100 visitors and 5 exhibitors till now. The conference aims to provide a platform to channelize the various multidimensional and multidisciplinary streams of Informational technology and computer science.
#7 Occupational health and safety conference
It will be organized by Safety Services Manitoba on 26-28 April 2022 in Winnipeg, Canada. It was held on May 2021 and had 2000- 5000 estimated visitors. This conference provides training for the health and safety of a person. It will provide practice to reduce risks and injuries.
#8 International conference on education and management
It will be held on 26-27 October 2021 in New York, United States. The organizer of this conference is The Society of Academic Research. It has 105 estimated visitors and 13 Exhibitors. It will also happen in April 2022. The basic aim of this conference is to share information about the importance of education.
#9 International conference on educational, school and child psychology
It was held on August 16-17, 2022 in Istanbul, Turkey. The core objective of the conference is to allow scholars and researchers to share their viewpoints and findings on the psychology of a child.
#10 World conference on women
It was held on 15-26 March 2022 in New York, United States. This conference was organized by UN Women and has 5000+ visitors. It focused on gender equality and the empowerment of women.
To sum up, this is the list of the top 10 international conferences. A student should attend such conferences to enhance his knowledge about worldwide events and activities. | <urn:uuid:dedb19b5-7faa-42c2-a83b-9e865d629554> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fullyfunded-scholarships.com/10-best-international-student-conferences/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.960587 | 871 | 2.125 | 2 |
30 November 2018
My name is Nurul Islam. I am Rohingya. I am Chairman of the Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO). I was born in Muangdaw township of Rakhine State, in a country then called Burma and now called Myanmar. From the birth of the State on January 4th, 1948, my people have been nationals of Burma now Myanmar. We were loyal participants in the national political processes, for which we had recognized Political Parties and, until 2015, we voted in elections. We have not and do not seek to separate from the Union of Myanmar. Unfortunately, my people have been subjected to systematic persecution for half a century including the steady suspension of almost all our human rights, including freedoms to marry, have children, education, movement and so much else. In addition to the violation of our human rights, we have been subjected to the effective withdrawal of our citizenship. Ultimately, we have been subjected to the destruction of our community – to genocide.
Genocide is defined in the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, to which Myanmar is a State Party along with 148 other States. Accordingly, we call for the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the UN Special Rapporteur and the UN system as a whole to apply the 1948 Genocide Convention to the ongoing situation. And we call for States Parties, individually or in cooperation, to act according with the Genocide Convention to hold the State of Myanmar to account, notably before the International Court of Justice, and to seek interim measures to stop the ongoing genocide and to attain reparations. | <urn:uuid:3baceea7-b01a-4329-ab89-938433b96058> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rohingya.org/arno-statement-to-the-11th-un-forum-on-minority-issues/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.959359 | 338 | 1.890625 | 2 |
In every relationship, the signs of a wholesome romantic relationship are always there to guide all of us. The question is how do we recognize these kinds of signs? Just how do we assess our own associations and see if they happen to be in fact healthier? There are certain indicators that you should be looking out for in order to determine whether or not you have a normal relationship. Nevertheless , even with all of the tips and advice available, you still might find that your romances are not the things you expected these to be.
One of many signs of a nutritious relationship is usually active hearing and closeness. It is important that you possibly can openly get in touch with your partner. When ever one person would not speak away and their partner is not able to listen to what they are planning to say, that makes the marriage much more weak than this already is. If you are open and honest using your partner, they will begin to feel comfortable being area of the relationship.
A different one of the indications of a healthy romantic relationship is the usage of social media. Certainly not only is social networking a great way to find new friends, it also enables people to go to town in a secure way. Keeping things guaranteed clear, social websites allows people to port their frustrations and speak about what is painful them.
A different one of the signs of a healthy romantic relationship is a ability to communicate with each other. A good marriage allows one individual to tone of voice their judgment and be listened to without the different person sense judged for this. When a couple are able to talk about what they are feeling and exchange their views, couples generally have more nearness. Couples who is able to openly converse with each other are usually more pleased in their marriage. People are likewise able to speak better, the moment one person is definitely not always ruling the interactions.
Emotional health is another of the indications of a healthy relationship. One significant sign of a healthy relationship is that lovers do not combat very often. If the fight actuall occurs, it is usually finished quickly and so there is minimal opportunity for harm. When couples fight, that usually ends up in an psychological trauma with respect to both partners which can have an effect on their emotional well-being meant for the future.
Finally, and probably mexican bride most importantly, healthful relationships involve some sort of program or stability. Most lovers find that they are really best friends if they are both equally available regularly. This way they could spend good time together and make a sense of trust. When lovers have time and effort together, they are usually happier and healthier overall. | <urn:uuid:bc1ac992-b2bc-4174-bf06-c4c8c84c1c72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://havabarak.com/indications-of-a-healthy-romance-what-are-the-most-important-features-of-a-good-romance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.97155 | 528 | 1.757813 | 2 |
A Brief History of Second Space
1: The Great Dark Matter Hunt
One of the biggest questions posed to Terran astronomers in the 20th century was the problem of the visible universe's mass/energy density. Namely, there was too much of it. As big as the universe was, and as much stuff was crammed into it, astronomers said, the universe's apparent mass didn't add up next to the universe's actual physical formation – there simply wasn't enough mass to generate enough gravity to make the universe look like it did, much less explain why it continued to expand. Fritz Zwicky of Switzerland postulated the concept of “dark matter” in 1934, which basically boils down to “there's plenty of mass out there, it just doesn't show up on the electromagnetic spectrum for some reason, meaning we can't see any of it.”
It took a while for this theory to gain momentum, but by the early 21st century, it was all but universally accepted, and half a dozen sites were scattered around Earth trying to find ways to locate this dark matter. Each and every one of them met with failure – however, a great deal of new knowledge of the universe was gained as a result. Ultimately, the Great Dark Matter Hunt ended up solving the problem, but not in the way the hunters had probably intended.
Dr. Sofia Jarlsdottir, a Swedish astrophysicist working at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy in 2003, was one of the dark matter hunters, but had started to form doubts about the existence of dark matter. She wasn't alone – there were still pockets of resistance against the theory, most of them stating that either 1), we don't understand gravity well enough yet, so we can't make any universe-spanning predictions about it, or 2), gravity works differently in other parts of the universe than it does in our own. Dr. Jarlsdottir wasn't sure about these theories, either, but something was definitely nagging at her. To work out her questions, Dr. Jarlsdottir took a brief sabbatical, working with a small group of assistants in her private laboratory in her native Sweden to work out an alternate theory for the mass/density problem. Few of her colleagues took notice – the search for dark matter was a long and frustrating process, and it wasn't uncommon to give up on the search and look for an easier answer. Not as many saw it the way Dr. Jarlsdottir came to – as beating one's head against a wall.
2: Quantum Scar Tissue
Dr. Jarlsdottir's “brief sabbatical” ended up being a total departure from the Laboratori Nazionali, during which time she and her team were almost entirely ignored by the scientific community. The theory that the Jarlsdottir team ended up deciding on was, if anything, even weirder than the idea that over 80% of mass in the universe was invisible. Instead, the Jarlsdottir Hypothesis stated that the mass from other universes, as postulated in Everett and DeWitt's theories on the Many-Worlds Interpretation, could have a gravitational effect on our own. This theory then begged the question: how is this done? Through what medium does gravity transcend one universe and travel to another?
Wormholes forming in quantum foam seemed like a good candidate, but the therein lay a problem with the theory – no one had ever proven that wormholes, or indeed even quantum foam, existed, and they had never been detected. On the other hand, no one had ever travelled to a parallel universe, either, and the entirety of the Jarlsdottir Hypothesis rested on that being true. Dr. Jarlsdottir theorized that, if other universes exist, and had broken off from ours (or, more accurately, shared a common root before they branched away from each other) there might be some physical sign of that break. This, she thought, might be what quantum foam actually was – the birth caul of other realities. Quantum scar tissue.
Dr. Jarlsdottir published her theories in a number of scientific journals in 2013, and got a fair amount of press for it, though much of the scientific community dismissed it as sensationalism edging into enthusiasm. Nonetheless, it got the attention of a few very important people, including Tony Cameron, the Vice President of Research for Cameron Space Technologies, and eventual heir to the Cameron Company, which was quickly growing into the largest corporation in America. Tony Cameron convinced his father, Scott Cameron, to finance Jarlsdottir's work. In 2014, Tony Cameron and Sofia Jarlsdottir laid the foundations of the Quantum Wormhole Detection Center, usually called QWDC or “Quidditch” (a reference to the Harry Potter series of popular children's novels in the early 21st Century) a subsidiary of Cameron Space Technologies, headquartered outside Bozeman, Montana. In 2019, Quidditch succeeded in proving the existence of wormholes, by recording the opening and closing of a perfectly circular aperture just large enough for a photon to fit through. Where that photon went, no one yet knew, but one thing was for certain – a detectable gravitational effect had been recorded, with the wormhole as its source. The only way that could be possible was if there was mass of some kind on the other side of the wormhole, which then interacted with the space-time on our side. The Jarlsdottir Hypothesis, along with the Many Worlds Interpretation and the Theory of Quantum Gravity, had been proven – our universe was inextricably connected to, and gravitationally affected by, other universes via the medium of wormholes.
3: Second Space
While this discovery was more than enough to rock the scientific community, not to mention earning Dr. Sofia Jarlsdottir the Nobel Prize for Physics, the Cameron Company that had financed Quidditch wanted to take things a step farther. Cameron's biggest contract, indeed the reason for its foundation, was to support the NASA/ESA manned Mars mission. Getting to Mars would be problematic enough, but once we got there, the mission would have two choices – either come back, which could be far more difficult than getting there, or stay and be re-supplied indefinitely. Either way, the problems of fuel and acceleration were becoming insurmountable, as more and more equipment and people became needed for the mission. Secretly, Cameron Space Technologies, using the equipment and personnel from the recently-disbanded Quidditch, began looking into the possibility of opening up a wormhole that connected two points within our own universe, thus enabling what they hoped would be instantaneous faster-than-light travel.
Creating a wormhole large enough for matter to pass through was problematic enough (it was eventually solved using particle accelerator-generated negative-mass “exotic matter,” focused and contained with a quantum laster) but the problem that the experiments kept running into was that, while energy did just fine coming and going through the wormhole, mass simply wouldn't go. It wasn't annihilated, or indeed damaged in any way – it simply passed through the space where scientists knew the wormhole was, without actually passing through the wormhole. Dr. Edgar Tallbridge of Cambridge University theorized that the wormhole did not connect directly to other universes, but perhaps to a membrane between all universes, which energy could traverse but matter could not – thus explaining why no one had ever detected any mass on the other side of a wormhole, only the effect the inevitable mass had on our own side. Tallbridge named this membrane “Second Space.”
However, a breakthrough came when Dr. Jarlsdottir, coming out of retirement in 2043 to help with the program, managed to encode a quantum laser with the coordinates of a second region of space-time. Now, the same wormhole aperture could exist in two points in our universe at once (not, as most had theorized, the wormhole opening a second aperture elsewhere in Second Space which corresponded with another point in normal space). Thus, when matter (in the first few experiments, a few simple molecules of hydrogen) was “pushed” through a wormhole, Second Space rejected it, pushing it back into normal space – at the other point where the wormhole existed. The first life form to pass through a Second Space wormhole was Yuri the rat, who travelled from Bozeman to the Cameron Company's headquarters in Boston instantaneously, and having suffered no discernible harm on his voyage. Yuri lived another four years, eventually dying on a common cancer, unrelated to his journey through Second Space.
4: The Second Terran Space Age
The were only real problems remaining with Second Space travel. The first was its prohibitive energy costs – more exotic matter was needed to open larger apertures, and the stuff wasn't cheap to make, especially considering it required the most advanced particle accelerators in the world working full time for months to make even a miniscule amount. The monetary cost for The Incredible Voyage of Yuri the Rat came to $7.3 billion – the idea of sending a fleet of spaceships that would carry everyone and everything needed for the Mars mission caused several financiers to drop their support entirely.
The second problem was that precise coordinates for both apertures was needed, down to the picometer, otherwise the quantum laser would “miss,” and mass would simply pass “over” the aperture, rather than “through” it. Placing a beacon at the location of the second aperture, which found a suitable pico-scale location for the exit point and then sent the coordinates back via standard radio wave or laser beam, could solve the problem, but said beacon would need to be rather large for the necessary sensor and communication equipment, and if you could send a beacon to the location, why not just send the mass you want through normal space in the first place?
The issue of cost was gradually solved as exotic matter became cheaper to produce, and new types of exotic matter were created that could open apertures wider by themselves than previous types. Dozens of particle accelerators popped up across the world, for the sole purpose of creating exotic matter to sell to the Mars project. The largest of these accelerators was owned by Hyubase Energy, a Japanese fusion research company, which had also just created the first cost-effective fusion plant in Chiba City, Japan. The use of fusion brought the costs down to an acceptable level. Advances in laser technology allowed a single laser to map out an area suitable for a wormhole aperture, up to about a light hour away in 2056. Two years later, the recently-completed ships of the NASA-ESA mission to Mars were sent to their destination via Second Space skips, a process that took only four days.
(to be continued)
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"The universe's most essential beauty is its endlessness. There is room and resources enough for all of us. Whether there is room for all of our passions is the question, and the problem that we work tirelessly to find a solution to."
-Qhameio Allir Nlafahn, Commonwealth ambassador, during the signing of the Kriolon Treaty.
-Qhameio Allir Nlafahn, Commonwealth ambassador, during the signing of the Kriolon Treaty. | <urn:uuid:45006d66-a8a6-4253-83e6-22d30f9a34dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.omniverseone.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=17072&sid=df99d05307673e67488cb4fad4b1c01b | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.971764 | 2,392 | 3.203125 | 3 |
City of Mystery - Tourism in Vitoria-Gasteiz
There are legends and stories that give a special air of mystery to some parts of Vitoria-Gasteiz. As well as the fear and respect that can be felt in the historic Cemetery of Santa Isabel, there is the disquiet that various local books speak of, in a city that every year embraces a festival dedicated to the culture of death.
Santa Isabel Cemetery
Was built in the first decade of the XIX century. It is a sinister and beautiful place, with many different styles of architecture. Marta Extramiana, writer and expert on the history of this place, gives guided tours. Here you can find the tombs of some of the most famous people in the history of Vitoria-Gasteiz, as well as murderers like Juan Díaz de Garayo, the local serial murderer known as Sacamantecas. There is also the story of the vault of Julián Zulueta: they say that if the statue of the angel above the tomb points at a visitor, that person will die within the week.
Secret Routes and Places
Literature has associated certain parts of Vitoria-Gasteiz with ritual crimes, like those shown in the guided tours of 'The Silence of the White City', based on the novels by Eva García Sáenz de Urturi. Various local companies also offer other tours of secret places and stories of the city, many of them popularized by the local journalist of the supernatural, Iker Jiménez.
If the information on the page does not match your information requirements, please apply via the Citizens' mailbox. | <urn:uuid:f947bd70-fa8a-481f-b7ac-eaa18df4da7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vitoria-gasteiz.org/wb021/was/contenidoAction.do?idioma=en&uid=u4c098b63_17550282d08__7f68 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.924153 | 348 | 1.53125 | 2 |
SuperUser Account / Tuesday, May 15, 2018 / Categories: FHWA, Policy, Roadway National Safety Council announces plan for moving TZD on roadways by 2050 As part of ongoing efforts by the National Safety Council (NSC), the Rand Corporation released a new report, which articulates a comprehensive plan for achieving zero deaths on our nation’s roadways by 2050. “Imagine yourself in 2050, the first year in which not a single person in America died in a traffic crash,” the report starts. The report laid out the scope of the challenge of combating roadway deaths, including some important statistics. According to the report, more than 1,000 Americans die in motor vehicle crashes each day, and that crashes are the leading cause of deaths for individuals ages 15 to 24. While the crash numbers were trending downward in recent decades, that trend began to reverse in 2015 and grew in 2016. Along with that increase comes a dramatic increase in pedestrian deaths in recent years. The NSC lays out recommendations on what can be done on the nation’s roadways to eliminate deaths by 2050 in the report. These recommendations include roadway design changes that factor in a speed reduction for safety-critical areas, further integration of automated vehicles in the mixed fleet, additional buy-in from policy makers, drivers, and other stakeholders in roadway safety practices and technology, and making significant improvements in roadway infrastructure. “’What level of death on the roads should society accept?’ How many of our own family members, [co-workers], neighbors, or people in our community losing their lives in crashes would be considered an appropriate number? These deaths are preventable—the safety community deliberately calls them crashes, not accidents, for this very reason. The number of roadway deaths has long been accepted as a ‘price’ of mobility, but 37,000 deaths is more than 100 Americans killed per day,” reads the report. During ATSSA’s 48th Annual Convention & Traffic Expo, the Director of the Office of Safety Technologies of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Michael Griffith spoke about FHWA’s involvement in the Road to Zero initiative. “We’re setting out this ambitious agenda. How do we get to zero deaths in 30 years,” Griffith said. “There are significant challenges in highway safety but we think we can come up with a blueprint that’s going to improve where we are today. Unfortunately, fatalities have gone up the past two years. We’ve got to start reversing those numbers so we can get to where we really want to be, which is a scenario where no one dies on our nation’s highways.” Last year, the coalition provided $1 million in safety grants, which were used at the local levels to push safety innovations. This year FHWA will have $1.5 million available in safety grants. The coalition also has a group working to lay out a long-term plan to reduce overall traffic fatalities. Read the full report here. Previous Article ATSSA explores importance of infrastructure for autonomous vehicles at ITS America Next Article ATSSA President & CEO advocates for roadway safety infrastructure during Infrastructure Week Print 4795 Rate this article: No rating 1 comments on article "National Safety Council announces plan for moving TZD on roadways by 2050" Josh WIlliams This is an example comment! 5/17/2018 11:14 AM Please login or register to post comments. | <urn:uuid:ee9c62da-8a7d-410d-85b0-d30bb46e9fc4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://atssa.com/Blog-News/ATSSA-Blog/national-safety-council-announces-plan-for-moving-tzd-on-roadways-by-2050 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.947018 | 713 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Home Finances Vehicle Financing and Leasing
Car leasing where your task is your debt
Wheels 4Sure may deliver auto leasing for every single credit score.
Read even more regarding auto loan
Our guide to unsecured cash until payday loan describes muchmore about just how to acquire an auto loan.
How hire acquisition agreements operate
A hire acquisition arrangement (also called HP or HPA), often needs a minimum down payment of around 10%. The higher your down payment, the lower your regular monthly payments. Along withHP, you tap the services of the vehicle from the automobile money management firm as well as are going to simply possess it once you produce your ultimate settlement and also very clear your equilibrium. This suggests if you miss repayments, the auto money provider might take the auto away. Nonetheless, the lender can just do this witha subpoena when you have actually paid for a third of the complete volume you borrowed.
Car suppliers and loan till payday brokers deliver HP and also they are actually on call for bothnew as well as previously owned motor vehicles. Whether you are actually buying a new or second-hand auto, you must check the rate of interest being actually applied and also contrast these along withoptions, suchas spending along withcashmoney or even yet another type of credit report.
Personal contract investment detailed
Personal arrangement investment is additionally referred to as PCP. You will certainly need to have to pay for a deposit for PCP and, just like HP, the more significant your deposit, the lower your monthly repayments. The quantity you will certainly pay eachmonthis actually likewise found out by the recurring value of the automobile, whichis conceded initially, based on a set of beliefs. Having said that, rather than these regular monthly repayments covering the market value of the cars and truck, they just pay for the automobile’ s devaluation as well as passion on the amount obtained throughof the arrangement. When this ends, you then either pay for the car’ s agreed ensured residual worth, use this to fund yet another vehicle on PCP or palm the vehicle back.
PCP allows you to steer an all new auto every couple of years, clearing away the requirement to MOT your auto as well as maintaining you guarded along withthe producer’ s warranty. Unlike an individual loan till payday, financial institutions do certainly not need to check that PCP is economical, they are going to merely accomplisha credit report inspection. You will certainly therefore need to have to check out quite properly that you may satisfy your present expenses plus the price of the PCP for the whole deal condition.
A PCP will certainly possess a limitation on the annual gas mileage of the vehicle, and also if you surpass this you can accumulate a costly penalty. This charge is typically suchas a fee every added mile driven. You could possibly likewise encounter extra expenses if the automobile is not healthy at the end of the arrangement phrase as it affects the resell market value of the car and also the dealer might aim to redeem this loss coming from you.
At the end of the PCP deal, should you choose to get to the vehicle, you will definitely need to have to pay for a balloon repayment. The balloon payment is the assured recurring value that was actually acknowledged when you to begin withsecured PCP.
WithPCP you will certainly own the vehicle coming from the start, if you decide not to spend the balloon repayment in the end of your PCP, at that point you can easily return the vehicle (i.e. you will definitely no longer possess it) without helping make anymore repayments.
If you make a decision to cancel or finishthe offer early, you should possess paid out a minimum of fifty percent of the value of the auto.
Should I use cashmoney or even a loan to obtain a car?
If you have sufficient in your savings account, after that using these to purchase a vehicle will be actually muchcheaper than using money. Regardless of whether you wear’ t possess the full amount saved up to buy the car you wish, you could possibly place this towards the acquisition to lessen the quantity you need to have to acquire.
Who can obtain a vehicle money management loan?
If you intend to receive the very best loan till payday, after that you’ ll need to have a really good credit score. You will definitely be given even more option and far better rates of interest for an excellent credit report. However, you will certainly additionally require to reveal you may manage the regular monthly repayments. So, the quantity you can easily acquire is based upon what the lender thinks is actually economical in your conditions.
Should I use a charge card to get a vehicle?
You could opt for to make use of a zero-percent credit card to acquire a vehicle because of the individual protections they offer, for acquisitions under £& extra pound; 30,000. Nevertheless, you need to ensure that you have the capacity to repay any type of amount just before the memory card incurs enthusiasm as this is one of the a lot more costly techniques to acquire.
You might pay a small amount on your credit card, like the deposit, and utilize an alternative type of cashmoney or even debit card for the remainder to still obtain visa or mastercard remittance security.
How considerably will cars and truck finance cost me?
The crucial variables that impact the price of auto financial are actually:
- The kind of loan –- the regular monthly payments for private lendings as well as HP are normally extra costly than PCP.
- The APR of the loan –- the muchhigher the APR, the even more expensive the interest is as well as the even more you will spend every month.
- Old or even new –- usually, you can find lesser APRs on new automobiles matched up to the rates for car loans used for second-hand cars and trucks througha dealership.
- Your down payment –- a higher down payment needs to reduce your monthto monthrepayments as the amount you are actually obtaining is less.
- Mileage –- for PCP, a higher residual market value (whichoccurs from lower gas mileage) will certainly also reduce your month-to-monthremittances.
- Incurring charges –- late repayment expenses or even surpassing your usage allowance may boost the expense of your auto loan.
- Your credit score and record –- a greater rating typically is going to give you a reduced rate of interest, but also for private lendings, you will definitely likewise be judged on the price of the loan.
How perform I secure a car financial loan?
Applying for a loan till payday resembles applying for a traditional personal loan –- you will definitely need the observing info:
- Your earnings and expenditure
- Employment and income
- How muchyou intend to acquire and also wherefore condition
- Your verification of deal withand I.D..
You may request personal lendings online or even in branch, but also for HP and PCP these will usually be set up througha broker or at the cars and truck dealership where you get the car.
Considering space insurance?
Find out if space insurance coverage costs the cash.
What is actually cars and truck leasing?
A cars and truck lease is actually the long-term rentals of a new vehicle. You will pay for a down payment and then a set quantity every monthto lease the cars and truck. As soon as your lease deal ends, the vehicle goes back to the leasing business. If you destroy the cars and truck, at that point you might require to pay the renting company for the problems.
How does renting job?
Leasing a cars and truck may come withan admin or a handling charge for the purchase of your brand-new car by the broker or dealership (this can vary relying on the renting firm). You will still require to pass a credit scores examination, but cost for the regular monthly settlements remains your personal duty.
Does gas mileage excess apply on rented cars?
Just like PCP, you will need to have to state an annual usage and also stay within this. If you surpass your mileage, then you will definitely accumulate a charge. When you lease a cars and truck, you certainly never have, and also certainly never will certainly own, the vehicle.
What insurance coverage perform I require to lease a vehicle?
You will need to have to buy your very own loan till payday for the lorry. If you simply get third-party auto insurance policy, then this are going to certainly not cover the expenses of any type of harm made to your lease auto (just other people’ s building is dealt with). Fully detailed insurance will certainly cover the cost of fixings for the lease vehicle as well as the expense of damages to 3rd parties.
What proves out damage on a rented car?
Like HP, any type of damages accumulated might also sustain a charge from the renting company. Professional leasing business should abide by the BritishLorry Rental & & Leasing Affiliation’ s( BVRLA) – Exhibition Put on & Tear Specification ‘. When you rent your vehicle, you ought to seek a duplicate of the BVRLAs specification coming from the leasing business. This standard lay out what is actually considered as reasonable weathering.
What takes place when the lease surfaces?
At completion of your vehicle lease, you may either return the tricks and complete the lease agreement or opt for a new lease on a brand-new motor vehicle.
Should I take an upkeep bundle on my lease cars and truck?
Usually, a lease vehicle will be actually fairly brand-new as well as dealt withby the maker’ s guarantee, whichsuggests they will cover any sort of issues, but certainly not the ongoing upkeep prices of the auto.
Leasing providers generally give routine maintenance plans for a service charge to cover these continuous expenditures. Upkeep package deals can easily cover:
- Replacement tires
- Brake pads
- Wiper blades
- New electric batteries
- Labour as well as parts for technical as well as electric repairs
- MOTs (if called for)
- Breakdown cover.
Personal loan deferment periods and also payment breaks
Many loan providers will definitely make it possible for a rest between when you get your loan and when the initial settlement requires to become created, past the conventional month. While this offers you a rest from repayments, passion is actually asked for over this period, whichimproves the complete rate of interest owed. Lenders might likewise provide breaks during the course of the loan till payday term, yet once more enthusiasm is actually billed on the quantity certainly not paid for. This means a bigger loan volume is actually left unpaid for longer. These breaks might sustain fees. | <urn:uuid:ec00ca2b-2e1a-4eef-913d-4d3610879ab6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fotobox-loerrach.de/category/loan-till-payday-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.959519 | 2,247 | 1.515625 | 2 |
As autumn leaves and pumpkins turn into turkeys and holiday fanfare, it’s time to start making your plans for the upcoming TCEA Area Robotics Contests. This is the pivotal first step that every school robotics team must take in order to qualify for the State Robotics Contest held each spring. Twenty area contests are held around the Lone Star State and only the first and second place teams from each area, plus a few wildcards, will advance to the State Contest held in central Texas.
Robotics is a fantastic way for students to develop STEM skills with hands-on collaborative projects. TCEA’s robotics contests gives students in the 4th-8th grades (Intermediate competition) and 8th-12th grades (Advanced competition) the chance to design, plan, redesign, construct, assemble, invent, reinvent, write, present, and compete to see who can create the best robot!
There are actually two different contests in the competition. In the Inventions contest, students have to create a robot that will solve a real-world problem. This means they are diving deep into problem solving and coming up with manageable solutions, all while practicing their coding skills. Students in this contest also have to present their final product to the judges, demonstrating their ability to market and confidently talk about their creations.
The competition also offers the Arena contest where teams are given the same challenge to solve. On site at the contest, students will compete for points in the arena to see how many of the required tasks their robot can complete within the time limit.
What’s New This Year?
If this is your first time entering the TCEA Robotics Contest, then everything is new! You’ll want to read all of the games manuals very carefully to make sure your team adheres to all of the rules. You’ll also need to make sure you have the right equipment. The LEGO EV3 or NXT robotics kit is used for the TCEA Robotics Contests.
If you’re a seasoned TCEA Robotics veteran, you’ll still want to read the Challenge manual very carefully. This year’s challenge is called Mastering Mars. The robots will be tasked with preparing the Martian environment for human settlement. However, there are a few surprises in store! A secret task will be required to be completed on site after the first round. This task will need to be completed to compete in the second and third rounds of competition. You can find all the details here, so get ready for some excitement, unexpected twists, and lots of critical thinking and fun!
There are also a few general rule changes. Students in grades 6-8 may now choose to compete in the Advanced competition level. Students from grades 4-5 must still compete at the Intermediate level. For more info on the general rules and any changes, please see this website.
Where Do I Sign Up for the Robotics Contests?
If you’re ready to take your robotics skills to the next level and compete in an Area Contest, there are some important steps you must take.
- Determine what area you belong to. To determine your area, find out which Education Service Center you belong to. Your area number correlates with your ESC number.
- Become a member of TCEA. The sponsor for each competing robotics team must have an active TCEA membership for the duration of the contest season. Membership is $49 and comes with many benefits all year long.
- Determine the contest and division in which you will compete. Students have the choice of competing in the Arena Contest or the Inventions Contest. Read up on both and choose the one that is the right fit for your students.
Registration for the Area Robotics Contests is open from November 27 until December 8. The registration fee is $50 per team. The Area Contests will be held between January 6, 2018 – January 20, 2018 in your local area. Check here for the specific date and location of the contest in your region.
Is your team ready to compete and demonstrate the collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity it takes to be the best robotics team in the state? If so, start planning now and get ready to register on November 27! | <urn:uuid:235264cb-05ec-4c56-b8c9-2e559191e42b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.tcea.org/area-robotics-contests/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.952916 | 874 | 2.453125 | 2 |
One of the human species’ longest-standing questions has always been whether we are alone in the universe. But as scientists search for signs of life somewhere out there, it’s critical that their tools don’t carry with them any signs of life from here.
That’s where Moogega Cooper, mechanical engineering MS ’08 PhD ’10, comes in. Cooper is a planetary protection engineer with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It’s her job to make sure that spacecraft that we send to other celestial bodies don’t carry germs and other microbes from Earth. She was the lead planetary protection specialist for the Mars 2020 mission, overseeing the cleanliness of the designs of the Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter.
“Throughout the process of building the spacecraft, we kept it in a clean room and continuously took swabs to be sure that it hadn’t picked up any contamination,” she explains. “The entire design of Perseverance is intended to ensure that we don’t bring any of Earth to Mars.”
Cooper’s journey to NASA began in fifth grade, when she first saw Carl Sagan’s seminal documentary series Cosmos.
“I actually had poor grades in math and science at the time,” Cooper recalls. “I was a sponge for knowledge, but only for things that I found to be relevant to my interests. The questions asked in Cosmos — what’s gravity, and are we alone in the universe — they made me realize the importance of math and science.”
With Cooper’s passion unlocked, the sky — or perhaps more accurately the stars — were the limit. She finished high school at 16 and graduate summa cum laude from Howard University with a major in physics and a minor in space, earth, and atmospheric sciences. She then came to Drexel to study mechanical engineering and mechanics.
“I chose mechanical engineering because it has so much hands-on practicality,” she says. “It feeds that part of me that wants to have direct interaction with what I’m studying.”
While at Drexel, Cooper worked with Alexander Fridman, PhD, John A. Nyheim Chair Professor and Director of the C. J. Nyheim Plasma Institute on using plasmas to disinfect spacecraft materials. The technology hasn’t been used in any of her professional projects, but Cooper sees promise in the method.
“One possible application would be using plasma to sterilize sample holders when they return to Earth,” she says. “We know that the technology can kill off microbes in life as we know it, so now we need to find out if it can do the same for life as we don’t know it.”
Why be so diligent about decontaminating something that’s being sent through the cold vacuum of space, the heat of a planetary entry, and the harsh, carbon dioxide-rich Martian atmosphere that we already know humans can’t survive? Cooper points out that other contaminants can survive these conditions.
“First of all, it’s good interplanetary manners,” she says. “You don’t want to track mud onto your neighbor’s carpet, and you don’t want to bring microbes to another planet. Besides, as a scientist looking for biosignatures of something that is living or used to live, you don’t want to confuse the search by bringing your own lifeforms along for the ride.”
More pressing, though, is protecting the solar system.
“We see so many examples of how an ecosystem can be impacted by a microbe that is introduced in to a new environment,” Cooper says. “You can see good impacts like when we consume probiotics, but it isn’t always positive. We’ve seen examples on earth where whole ecosystems can completely change. We can’t allow something like that to happen on another planet.”
With Perseverance safely and sanitarily on Mars, Cooper is shifting her focus. She is now the lead planetary protection engineer for a mission to land a craft on the surface of Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons. Europa is known to have a thick sheet of ice — experts suggest it may be about 20 kilometers thick — floating on an ocean that’s believed to be more than 100 kilometers deep in some places. Where there’s water, there’s a good possibility for life, and Cooper is excited to be sure that the lander is considerate of that potential life.
“The requirements are very different from the Mars rover,” she explains. “Europa’s environment is exposed to a lot of gamma and electron radiation. We can build protective shields to keep the spacecraft safe, but those shields can also protect Earth microbes. So we have to figure out what can survive that environment and make sure that the craft is free from those contaminants when we launch.”
With what time she has to spare when she’s not protecting the galaxy from Earth germs, Cooper tries to be for young students what Carl Sagan and Cosmos were for her: inspiration. She is involved in several science outreach programs and has appeared on a number of TV shows, including Discovery’s How the Universe Works and Netflix’s Bill Nye Saves the World.
“My mantra for life is anyone can understand any topic if you make it accessible for them,” she says. “The great thing about NASA is that most of the people I work with are excited to share their expertise and want you to understand the concepts they’re working on. I’m happy to be part of that tradition.” | <urn:uuid:79ea80ef-65bf-4be0-bdee-20ad97667bbb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drexel.edu/engineering/news-events/news/archive/2021/June/keeping-the-cosmos-clean/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.951632 | 1,219 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Background: The internet is increasingly being used to disseminate health information. Given the complexity of pediatric oncology clinical trials, we developed Delta, a Web-based decision aid to support families deciding whether or not to enroll their child with cancer in a clinical trial.
Objective: This paper details the Agile development process of Delta and user testing results of Delta.
Methods: Development was iterative and involved 5 main stages: a requirements analysis, planning, design, development, and user testing. For user testing, we conducted 13 eye-tracking analyses and think-aloud interviews with health care professionals (n=6) and parents (n=7).
Results: Results suggested that there was minimal rereading of content and a high level of engagement in content. However, there were some navigational problems. Participants reported high acceptability (12/13) and high usability of the website (8/13).
Conclusions: Delta demonstrates the utility for the use of Agile in the development of a Web-based decision aid for health purposes. Our study provides a clear step-by-step guide to develop a Web-based psychosocial tool within the health setting.
Decision Making Regarding Pediatric Oncology Clinical Trials
Many parents are faced with the decision of whether to enroll their child with cancer in a clinical trial. In Australia, approximately 80% of children with cancer enroll in a clinical trial. Despite the necessity of clinical trials to test new treatments with the aim to find more effective cancer treatments, patients and parents often find the decision difficult [, ]. Families often find the rationale, design, and long-term implications of participating in trials difficult to understand [ ]. Early phase clinical trials can be particularly confusing, with parents and young people overestimating the potential benefit of the trials (called therapeutic misconception) [ , ], making it difficult for them to weigh up the benefit and burden of enrolling while hoping for a cure. Deciding whether to enroll is also complex, given the time pressures to proceed to therapy, the large amount of information to comprehend, and the emotional timing of the decision, which is often at either diagnosis or relapse. Many families experience decisional anxiety and uncertainty and psychological distress associated with the decision whether to enroll their child in a clinical trial or not [ , ].
With clinical trial decisions, there may not necessarily be a right or wrong choice of treatment. In these scenarios, individual values and preferences of the family become crucial. Decision aids are evidence-based tools designed to assist clients to be involved in making specific and deliberated choices among health care options . Decision aids support patients and caregivers to make informed decisions by helping them to balance their values with the benefits and disadvantages of their treatment options. The “International Patient Decision Aid Standards” (IPDAS) highlight the role of clear information of treatment options based on research evidence, opportunities to clarify and express values, structured guidance in deliberation and communication of choice, and developed using a systematic development process [ ]. Although decision aids vary in formats, decision aids appear to improve knowledge, quality of informed consent, and decision satisfaction for adult patients making treatment or screening decisions (eg, prostate cancer screening, menopausal hormone therapy) [ ]. An evaluation of a decision aid in adult cancer clinical trials (“Cancer Research Choices”) has also shown reduced decisional conflict and postdecision regret compared with standard of care, without impacting clinical trial enrollment rates [ ]. Despite the fact that some decision aids exist in adult clinical trials, none are available in pediatric oncology.
Agile Development Process
Agile development is an overarching term to describe a software development process. Agile focuses on collaborations between developers and stakeholders, flexible methodology, and the ability to respond quickly to change through multiple iterations [, ]. Changes even in late development are encouraged. This approach aims to deliver a product that can quickly adapt to clients’ changing needs and also deliver a high-quality and high-value project within the constraints (ie, cost, schedule, and scope) [ ].
The use of Agile approaches has an increasing worldwide use within software development [, ] and research [ ]. Use of Agile approaches has been reported to result in higher business performance, customer satisfaction, and product quality compared with more structured nonfluid approaches [ ]. Agile projects were reported to be 28% more likely to succeed (defined by a project that is completed on time and budget and includes originally outlined specifications) [ ]. Multiple case studies have acknowledged the challenges of implementing Agile development, such as highly intensive interactions with stakeholders [ ], however many have reported an overall positive impact [ - ].
In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the use of, and access to, the internet for health purposes [, ]. In Australia, studies have reported over 28% of patients access Web-based health information [ ], and in the United States, more than 43% do [ ]. In Swedish adult cancer patients, approximately 77% of patients seek Web-based health information [ ]. Accessing health information in oncology has been reported to improve oncologist-patient communication and connectedness, patient use of medical jargon, and scientific knowledge [ ].
Given the movement toward a more patient-centered and collaborative decision making approach in the health care system , there is a rising need for innovative product development that is provided online and tailored to the patient and their family. The principles of Agile are an appropriate vehicle to guide the development of a Web-based patient decision aid, especially those with clear aims yet flexibility in design [ ].
Using Agile to Develop Delta
We developed Delta, a Web-based decision aid to support families deciding whether or not to participate in a pediatric oncology clinical trial. The main of aim of Delta was to improve clinical trial knowledge and facilitate treatment discussions and shared decision making between families and health care professionals (HCPs). Families offered a clinical trial are able to log in to the Delta website, which links to the clinical trial they are considering. Delta incorporates general content about clinical trials (eg, what are clinical trials, how do clinical trials work), the specific clinical trial information sheet, and a values clarification exercise. This paper provides a detailed description of the development and early testing of Delta, acting as proof of concept for the use of Agile for the development of a Web-based decision aid.
The development of Delta was divided into the 5 main stages involved in Agile development and was both iterative (with one iteration referring to revisions made on one particular version of the website following feedback) and incremental (see). We expected development to take 4 months from approval of the functional specification, with an additional 2 months for prepilot user testing. Due to delays in development and complexity of using Agile in research (see Discussion section), the actual development time of Delta was approximately 4 months of full-time work and 2 months of user testing, spread over 12 months. Our development was driven by guidelines for patient websites [ ], the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) [ ], and 12 Agile principles (see ).
The development of Delta was supported by a steering committee (16 members) to ensure development followed IPDAS . The committee included psycho-oncology researchers (n=6), pediatric oncologists (n=5), a pediatric oncology clinical trial research manager (n=1), a clinical nurse consultant (n=1), parents (n=2), and a young person with cancer (n=1). All consumers signed a Terms of Reference Agreement specifying the purpose of the committee and their role. As Agile leans toward a leadership and collaboration approach, where a team leader acts as a facilitator, we also established a lead development team (3 members) from the steering committee to provide more regular feedback (ER, CW, and JF). The lead team met with each other face-to-face fortnightly, and all steering committee members met on an as-needed basis.
Requirements analysis was required to identify the needs and preferences of families in regard to information and functionality of the website. We identified needs and preferences of families by conducting a basic literature search, leading a systematic review on strategies to facilitate shared decision making in pediatric oncology clinical trials , and through discussions with the steering committee. Our team also conducted interviews with 25 Australian parents and 5 adolescents recently diagnosed with cancer to identify the needs and preferences of families when making treatment decisions. We continued the requirements analysis throughout the whole development process via discussions with the steering committee and literature searches.
Planning was required to determine appropriate timelines for the completion of sprints (ie, smaller milestones to be completed and reviewed in short time frames), content and website functions, and design. We chose Web developers based on their experience, reputation from previous clients, corresponding values in development ideologies, cost of deliverables, and workable time frames. Planned sprints, between 2 and 4 weeks, were also agreed upon based on workable time frames of the lead team and Web developers. A lead team member (ER) developed the content framework and the ideal design and functionalities of the website, which was approved after 3 iterations by the other lead team members. ER met with Web developers face-to-face on 3 occasions before beginning development to discuss the website concept, functional specifications, and website requirements. Web developers then finalized the functional specification, which the lead team approved.
The design stage involved design of the Delta logo, color scheme, font, and graphics and website wireframes (ie, a visual display of the function and framework of the website). A graphic designer with a good working relationship with the lead team assisted with these tasks. The logo and color scheme went through 2 iterations before approval by the lead team and steering committee. ER developed wireframes following the initial planning with the Web developers. Wireframes went through 3 iterations with the lead team before beginning functional website protocol development. Web developers then developed the website prototype. We asked all steering committee members to provide feedback on the website prototype. We implemented suggested modifications based on consensus.
The development stage involved the development of content and the functional Delta website. We developed Delta to be highly scalable, both horizontally (ie, ability to add more resources, such as content) and vertically (ie, ability to increase the functionality or capacity, such as potential functionality as an app). Delta has a responsive Web design. It has been developed to be user-friendly across multiple platforms, including computers, tablets, and mobile phone, and has in place the capability to be scaled up to be available as an app. Although currently only in English, it also has the capability to be scaled out to be available in multiple languages. Delta can also be easily scaled out by allowing the addition of as many clinical trials as necessary. The method to add in additional clinical trials has been simplified to ensure Delta is easily maintainable. We also ensured Delta was developed with a content management system, which allowed content to be easily updated without the need for Web developers.
Content went through approximately 8 rounds of iterations across 6 months, before being embedded within the website. We developed 2 versions of Delta (one version for parents and one for adolescents aged 12 years and older). Our systematic review identified 3 key strategies to facilitate shared decision making in pediatric oncology: (1) quality information exchange, (2) clear communication, and (3) decision making support. We developed Delta to incorporate these 3 core features of shared decision making [ ]. We developed Delta to cater for low health literacy populations. To facilitate information exchange, we presented information at Grade 8 readability for parent content [ ] and Grade 5 readability for adolescent content. The reader is able to access less or more detailed information based on their preference for information amount. We provided an option grid for readers to easily compare key information between their options. We also acknowledged the role of gist memory (that is, recall of bottom-line meaning rather than detailed information) and therefore included summary boxes of information. To promote communication, we incorporated a question prompt list and suggested strategies for parents to communicate with HCPs and their child (if appropriate).
To provide more decisional support, we incorporated a values clarification exercise. A values clarification exercise allows participants to clarify and communicate the personal value of options, to ultimately make a better quality decision that is most personally desirable [ ], and results in less decisional regret [ ]. The Delta values clarification exercise allows parents to rate their reasons to enroll or not to enroll in the clinical trial on a scale of personal importance. Delta is able to show whether the parent appears to be leaning toward enrolling in the trial or not. As per many patient decision aids [ ], the algorithm for the outcome of the Delta values clarification exercise is basic, providing a summation of participant responses. Although items may be weighted differently for each participant, the purpose of the decision making exercise is not to provide a correct answer or a recommendation, but rather allow participants to weigh up their treatment options. Participants are instructed that this exercise will provide some indication as to the option they are more inclined to choose, but to discuss it further with their treating team.
Delta also provides the specific information sheet for the clinical trial in which the family was invited to participate. The website also includes a glossary, a text-to-speech function, and the ability to save and print notes from within the website. Seefor the key elements of Delta.
Web developers delivered progress in fortnightly or monthly sprints. The lead team provided feedback of the sprints, and Web developers made necessary modifications as they came up. For the final sprint, of the 16 steering committee members, 12 were available to provide feedback. Modifications suggested by the steering committee were discussed with the lead team and implemented based on consensus. We received multiple iterations of the website in early stages of development from steering committee members. During later stages of development, the lead team requested less feedback and thus had fewer iterations. Fewer iterations in later development were due to significant delays in development and the minimal value that later iterations provided (eg, minor wording changes). Seefor a video introduction to the Delta website.
|Element||Strategy themea||Health literacyb|
|Information about clinical trials (grade 8 readability and minimal medical jargon)||Information provision||Functional|
|Specific clinical trial information sheet||Information provision||Functional|
|Interactive glossary||Information provision||Functional|
|Text-to-speech functionality||Information provision||Functional|
|Question prompt list||Communication||Communicative|
|Personal notes page||Communication||Communicative|
|Values clarification exercise||Decision making support||Critical|
aStrategy themes were identified via our systematic review .
bHealth literacy categories are based on Nutbeam’s model of health literacy .
We conducted eye-tracking analyses to assess the usability of the Delta website. Eye-tracking analyses have frequently been used in website development [, ]. The analysis used a computer with an embedded webcam to track each participant’s point of gaze. We conducted eye-tracking analyses to determine where participants’ gaze lingered, their length of gaze, and readability (ie, scanning, reading, or rereading of content). Data collected through eye-tracking analyses can be presented as either a gaze plot or a heat map. Gaze plots show the location, order, and time (known as the fixation duration) spent looking across certain aspects of the website. Heat maps are a visualization of the focus of visual attention across multiple participants.
We also conducted retrospective think-aloud interviews to establish participant satisfaction and acceptability of the website. Retrospective think-aloud interviews encourage participants to verbalize aloud their thought processes on replay of their task completion and are commonly used in website development [, ]. The literature suggests 5 to 9 participants in think-aloud interviews, and eye-tracking analyses can detect 80% to 90% of usability problems on a website [ , ].
Individuals were eligible to participate if they were a parent of a child treated for cancer at Sydney Children’s Hospital. ER undertook user testing in a private office at the Sydney Children’s Hospital. Participants were all experienced at using computers and the internet. Participants were reimbursed with an Aus $20 gift voucher. The local ethics committee approved the user testing.
We instructed participants to browse the website for a maximum of 40 min. We asked participants to view the website as if they had had a consultation with their clinician regarding enrolling in a clinical trial and then provided with the Web-based decision aid. We emphasized to participants that the goal was not to assess their computer skills or their knowledge of clinical trials but rather to test the usability and acceptability of the website. If participants did not view the values clarification exercise of their own accord, ER directed the participant to complete it. Following the free browsing of the website, ER asked basic questions regarding usability, functionality, and acceptability of the website. We used a retrospective think-aloud protocol. This involved participants thinking aloud their thought process alongside a visual replay of their own eye-tracking data.
A total of 17 families were identified as appropriate to contact by an oncologist or nurse (seefor participant demographics). Moreover, 7 parents opted into the study (all mothers). Reasons for nonparticipation included being too busy or living too far away to come to the hospital. Eye-tracking data are missing for one parent because of technical difficulties. A total of 6 HCPs in psycho-oncology (4/6 females) also participated in user testing.
Eye gaze was detectable, on average, 93% of the time. Validity of the gaze for both the left and right eyes was 0 on average, suggesting that the tracking quality was good. Participants left-clicked 142 times on average (range 86-237 clicks). Participants took 50.1 s to log in to the website (SD 31.0; range 25-133), 14.3 min on average to read the general content of decision aid (SD 9.5; range 2.1-33.6), and 2.5 min to complete the values clarification exercise (SD 0.9; range 1.1-4; seefor an overview of data).
Most participants completed the values clarification exercise (5/6 HCPs; 6/7 parents), with 5 participants (4 HCPs, 1 parent) accessing the exercise without being prompted. The reasons participants did not access the exercise was because they did not see the link to access the exercise (n=4 parents) or did not feel it was relevant to them (n=1 HCP). One HCP completed the exercise twice as they wanted to see if their responses changed after reading more information. The methods of accessing content were to use the side panel menu (n=3 HCPs, n=3 parents), the “next” button (n=1 HCPs, n=2 parents), a combination of both (n=2 HCPs), or the home button (n=1 parent).
|Parental role||Child age at diagnosis||Time since child’s diagnosis in months||Clinical triala|
|Average (SD)||7.2 (4.2)||26.6 (21.9)||N/Ac|
aFamilies who were enrolled in a clinical trial as part of their child’s cancer treatment.
bEye-tracking data are missing for this participant because of technical issues.
cN/A: not applicable.
|Tasks||Overall (n=12)||Parent (n=6)||Health care professionals (n=6)||t valuea (degrees of freedom)|
|Average time (SD)||Range||Average time (SD)||Range||Average time (SD)||Range|
|Log in time||50.1 s (31.0)||25-133 s||64.4 s (40.8)||27-133 s||38.2 s (14.9)||25-65 s||−1.475 (9)|
|Reading general content||14.3 min (9.5)||2.1-33.6 min||13.7 min (7.3)||5.3-24.0 min||14.8 min (12.0)||2.1-33.6 min||0.181 (10)|
|Completing the values clarification exercise||2.5 min (0.9)||1.1-4 min||2.8 min (0.7)||1.8-3.7 min||2.1 min (1.0)||1.1-4 min||0.424 (10)|
aNo comparisons were significant.
Most participants reported high acceptability (5/6 HCPs; 7/7 parents) and high usability of the website (4/6 HCPs; 4/7 parents):
It was nice and clear. It was simple. It had a good flow, not too many buttons to make you completely overwhelmed. Your emotions would be ridiculously high if you are looking at this, so you need to make it as simple as possible, so I like that there are three main parts to it
[Parent of a 5-year-old boy with neuroblastoma]
Most participants (5/6 HCPs; 6/7 parents) found the content easy to read and reported that it flowed logically. Some participants read the summary boxes before reading the main content (2/6 HCPs; 2/7 parents). These participants chose to read that section first as they felt it would be the most important information. Minor word changes were suggested by all participants (eg, change “me time” to “self-care”). None of the participants used the personal notes function, however several freely reported in the think-aloud interview that this function would be useful (n=1 HCP; n=3 parents). Moreover, 7 participants used the glossary (n=3 HCPs; n=4 parents), reporting the usefulness of the function. No participants used the speech-to-text function.
There were few instances of rereading of content, with eye-tracking data suggesting that participants read lines to completion (see). Most participants (5/6 HCPs; 6/6 parents; n=1 missing parent) skipped at least one page of content. Participants skipped content as they either did not want to read that information (1/5 HCPs; 1/6 parents) or did not realize they had skipped it (4/5 HCPs; 5/6 parents). Participants suggested that reducing overlap of images and phrases would improve usability. There were some particularly long fixations throughout the website, which is indicative of cognitive processing. Examples of long fixations include the terms “antitumor activity” and “dose escalation” (see ).
Most participants reported at least some difficulty in navigating the website (3/6 parents; 4/7 parents). Problems included finding the home page and accessing more content. Eye-tracking data suggested that once participants were more familiar with the website, they were easily able to navigate to the next page of content (see). In think-aloud interviews, many participants felt that they would have found navigation easier if font and icons were of a larger size and darker color (2/6 HCPs; 6/7 parents). Participants found the values clarification exercise useful, and the participants’ suggested leaning reflected how they felt they were leaning with regards to whether or not to enroll their child in the clinical trial (4/5 HCPs; 6/7 parents):
I think the tool is a helpful way to make a decision. It shows you from the way you’ve answered the questions that you are tending, even if you feel undecided. It gives you options to further think about “Why am I tending that way?,” “What don’t I actually like about the trial?,” and “What more information do I need?"
[Mother of a 10-year-old boy with neuroblastoma]
After this tool, we would really start talking with each other. The exercise is great—it becomes a tool at that point for more people to really engage.
[Mother of a 13-year-old boy with osteosarcoma]
Eye-tracking analyses showed long fixations for the first few values clarification exercise items and scale. Less time was spent on the last two items of the exercise, suggesting cognitive fatigue. In think-aloud interviews, participants reported feeling unsure of how to use the values clarification exercise (2/5 HCPs; 2/7 parents). Only 5 participants (all HCPs) accessed instructions on how to complete the exercise, with minimal gaze focusing on the instructions panel (see). However, most participants (4/6 HCPs; 6/7 parents) found that the exercise was useful and accurate in the direction they felt they were leaning:
I was really impressed—I wasn’t expecting that. It was great. The outcome of enrolling in the clinical trial was how I was feeling. It’s still interesting to see that sentence come up and say that that though
[Mother of a 9-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]
Participants felt that the user experience of the values clarification exercise could have been improved by providing a clearer introduction and purpose of the exercise (2/6 HCPs; 4/7 parents) and providing more visible instructions (1/6 HCPs; 7/7 parents). Seefor an overview of user testing findings.
Implementation of User Testing Findings
User testing revealed that both HCPs and parents found Delta to be acceptable and useful. On the basis of the results of the user testing, the lead team reviewed the changes suggested and implemented changes based on consensus. Main changes included replacement of the “home” icon and darker and larger font. Seefor summary of main modifications made. Although some minor issues were raised, overall findings were positive.
|Delta functions||Overall (N=13)||HCPs (N=6)||Parent (N=7)|
|Values clarification exercise|
|Completed values clarification exercise||12||5||7|
|Completed task without being prompted||5||4||1|
|Found exercise was accurate and useful||10||4||6|
|Viewed instructions for exercise||5||5||0|
|Combination of side panel and next button||2||2||0|
|Acceptability and usability|
|Reported high acceptability||12||5||7|
|Reported high usability||8||4||4|
|At least some minor navigational issues||7||3||4|
|Suggestion for larger and darker font||8||2||6|
|Content easy to read||11||5||6|
|Minor word changes suggested||13||6||7|
|Read summary boxes first||4||2||2|
|Used notes function||0||0||0|
|Used glossary function||7||3||4|
|Used text-to-speech function||0||0||0|
|Skipped at least one pagea||11||5||6|
aData missing from 1 parent.
|Content||Minor wording changes made throughout website|
|Content||Reduction of overlap of content throughout|
|Content||Clear introduction of purpose of values clarification exercise|
|Design||Home page more obvious to navigate|
|Design||Darker color and large-sized font|
|Design||Values clarification exercise instructions more obvious|
aModifications were related to either content or design.
Some of the features within the website were not used (eg, notes page) or were used by approximately half of the sample. We expected this level of use, given that approximately half of the features and functions are used in a typical website .
User testing findings should be considered in light of several limitations. We were only able to recruit mothers for this study. However, this may be appropriate feedback, given that mothers tend to take on a greater decisional role than fathers in pediatric oncology . Our findings may also be biased because of our sample having more interest in participating in such research. Finally, as Delta involves pages that scroll, we cannot guarantee the precise accuracy of the eye-tracking analyses in regard to the gaze plots and heat map outputs. Although feedback regarding Delta was positive, we cannot assure ecological validity in that parents would actively engage with the content outside of the user testing given the potential of the Hawthorne effect.
This paper details the development of Delta, a Web-based decision aid to support families to decide whether or not to enroll in a pediatric oncology clinical trial. We developed Delta using the Agile approach, which included a requirements analysis, planning, design, development, and user testing. We developed Delta iteratively, focusing on short sprints of work. Delta is the first a Web-based decision aid, to the authors’ knowledge, developed using the Agile approach.
Benefit of Using Agile in Developing a Web-Based Psychosocial Tool
The benefit of using Agile in the development of Delta has allowed for a high level of collaboration between the lead development team, HCPs and researchers, and consumers. In research projects, such as Delta, collaborators are often chosen based on their individual expertise. This aligns well with Agile, as the success of Agile projects is largely dependent on the expertise of the team involved .
Involving consumers throughout development and in user testing has been especially important for Delta. The World Health Organization Declaration of Alma Ata states that “people have the right and duty to participate individually and collectively in the planning and implementation of their health care” . When developing patient tools, especially for vulnerable populations as the case for Delta, patients’ and families’ roles should play an active role [ ]. The Agile process caters for consumer involvement. Involving patients and families in the development of patient information material may result in more appropriate, sensitive, readable, and understandable information [ ]. For Delta and similar research projects, this means that the limited funds available are available to be spent on what is considered most important for families and clinicians.
The benefit of using Agile in the development of Delta has also been in working in short sprints and iteratively. This means that smaller aspects of the website were presented to the developmental team, followed by iterative refinement. Short sprints mean that required changes were usually minor and thus more financially manageable. For Delta, minor issues such as reorganization of content were able to be resolved early into development. Breaking Delta into more manageable units also meant that we were able to focus on detailed yet high-quality development. Quick releases are a major benefit of using Agile . Being able to deliver short sprints of work has encouraged collaborators to become more engaged, provide quality feedback, and ensure deadlines are being met.
Barriers to Using Agile in Developing a Psychosocial Tool
One of the major limitations of using Agile to develop Delta is because of the slow-moving nature of research. This has limited the ability for short and fast sprints of work. To ensure high quality of product, involvement of clinicians and consumers has been imperative. We constantly adapted our time frames to work within the constraints of the experts involved. The Delta steering committee, however, found difficulties in maintaining constant face-to-face meetings. Agile may be difficult when working with larger teams, especially with more than 20 to 30 members . Even with a team of 13 members such as with Delta, issues arose in regard to meeting deadlines for feedback and having too many meetings. To overcome the difficulty in obtaining feedback at each iteration, we allocated certain tasks to team members based on their expertise and interests. The very hierarchical approach that Agile takes to development may also not work within some workplace cultures [ ]. Organizations that have greater bureaucracy and formality may also experience difficulty in fast sprints of work.
With multiple iterations, the project scope is subject to change. Creating accurate budgets and schedules at the start of the project is difficult. For Delta, over the course of development, the scope of the website has almost doubled, from originally being a purely parent website to now including both parent and adolescent versions. Although Agile has allowed for scope creep in a more controlled and manageable manner, the change in scope has been costly and needed to be better budgeted. Some functions that were implemented during early cycles of development can also become redundant as requirements and scope change. The redesign and recoding can add significant costs.
For Delta, we were required to obtain ethics approval to conduct user testing, which pushed back the schedule by several weeks. Difficulties with recruitment, such as booking in times for families to complete the testing at the designated location, also delayed user testing. When working with patients and families, researchers need to be aware of the time to recruit and to conduct user testing.
Although discussions with experts and the literature have guided the development of Delta, sometimes this does not always turn out to be what is logistically possible or what families want. Agile focuses on consumers’ and development teams’ preferences, which meant there was an emphasis on the functional requirements of Delta (eg, text-to-speech function, glossary, and wording). The Research-Based Web Design and Usability Guidelines also encouraged us to consider nonfunctional requirements. Nonfunctional requirements include horizontal (ie, ability to build out and be produced in a variety of capabilities, such as Delta on a computer and also mobile phone compatible) and vertical scalability (ie, increasing resources or capabilities on a single component, such as Delta), security, maintainability, and longevity of Delta. However, when working with Agile, researchers should balance consumer preferences with usability and performance.
We recommend that researchers can develop a Web-based decision aid using Agile. We suggest that researchers set deadlines for iterations of sprints of work even in the case that the planned work may not be completely finished . We strongly recommend that the 10th Agile principle of “simplicity” (ie, getting “just” enough done as needed for right now) be incorporated. We suggest that if only minimal feedback is provided by a set deadline, development continues as per these deadlines. Given the increase in value after a certain number of iterations reaches saturation [ ], this may ultimately reduce the “time-to-market” without impacting quality of work. However, it must be noted that although these deadlines are technically “set,” they do require constant updating in regard to priorities and expected time for completion as the project progresses. We suggest having a product backlog of what has been completed and what needs to be done. The product backlog should acknowledge the value (ie, how useful or important is this as part of the project?) and the size (ie, how difficult or long development is expected to take?) of developing the feature or function. Better understanding the value and size can allow researchers to predict the return on investment and potentially reduce costs where possible. The product backlog should also note the velocity (ie, the rate of progress or time to complete an iteration) to ensure progress continues at an appropriate pace. We have included a suggested template for reporting the product backlog (see ). We also suggest future researchers’ budget for multiple iterations throughout development, both in regard to time and cost.
This paper provides an overview of the development and early testing of Delta, a patient Web-based decision aid for pediatric oncology clinical trial enrollment. We developed Delta using the gold standards of patient decision aids and Web development. In development of decision aids specifically, there is a definite need for guidelines or examples of development processes . This paper has begun to fill this gap in the literature, providing more guidance for researchers looking to develop a Web-based decision aid. Delta acts as proof of concept of the use of Agile for the development of a Web-based decision aid. Aspects of Agile development may be useful to incorporate to ensure the development of a high-quality and high-value project within the constraints of cost, schedule, and scope. The development process detailed in this paper provides a suggested template from which future tools can be developed.
The authors would like to thank Luke Fry, Ursula Sansom-Daly, and Brad Zebrack for their assistance on this project; Objective Experience for the eye-tracking services; Feel Creative for the Web development services; and Emily Boulton for her graphic design services. They would also like to thank the Delta study steering committee: Dr Richard Mitchell, Prof Glenn Marshall, Ms Donna Drew, Ms Grace Wong, Prof Andrea Patenaude, Prof Phyllis Butow, Dr Joanne Shaw, Ms Nell Hanbury, Ms Donna Ludwinski, and Ms Sue Walter. The authors would also like to thank all participants involved in user testing. This project and EGR are supported by the Cancer Institute NSW Translational Program Grant (Experimental therapeutics for Myc-driven childhood cancer, 10/TPG/1-13). CW is supported by a Career Development Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (APP1067501). JF is supported by The Kids Cancer Project. The Behavioural Sciences Unit is supported by the Kids with Cancer Foundation, the Kids Cancer Alliance, as well as a Cancer Council New South Wales Program Grant PG16-02 with the support of the Estate of the Late Harry McPaul.
Conflicts of Interest
Multimedia Appendix 1
Table of Agile principles and translation to the development of Delta.PDF File (Adobe PDF File), 27KB
Multimedia Appendix 2
Video providing an overview of the Delta website and user-testing.MP4 File (MP4 Video), 32MB
Multimedia Appendix 3
Table providing recommended backlog template for future researchers.PDF File (Adobe PDF File), 23KB
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|HCP: health care professional|
|IPDAS: International Patient Decision Aid Standards|
Edited by G Eysenbach; submitted 25.10.17; peer-reviewed by L Warrington, R El Shafie; comments to author 29.01.18; revised version received 30.01.18; accepted 16.03.18; published 04.05.18Copyright
©Eden G Robertson, Claire E Wakefield, Richard J Cohn, Tracey O'Brien, David S Ziegler, Joanna E Fardell. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 04.05.2018.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Research Protocols, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.researchprotocols.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. | <urn:uuid:c51b019b-29ec-4c46-b3b2-4db81d8fb3fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchprotocols.org/2018/5/e119/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.904622 | 11,512 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Subaru-Sized Foam Spud Ready For Idaho's New Year's Eve Potato Drop
A year ago, Dylan Cline hosted a dinner party. On the TV was a documentary about New York's famous New Year's Eve ball drop. It gave Cline an idea: What about lowering a giant potato over Boise’s downtown next New Year's?
His guests laughed at him.
“They were like, 'that’s a fun idea but if it could be done, it would have been done.' So, I took that as a challenge.”
Cline, who is a fourth generation Idahoan, worked to make tonight’s Idaho Potato Drop happen. The city of Boise got on board, and Cline called the most qualified giant potato makers in Idaho - Sharolyn and Chris Schofield, of Weiser.
They made the 12,000-pound potato that travels the country on a semi for the Idaho Potato Commission. Now they’ve finished their second potato, one bigger than a Subaru Outback.
The potato is made of high-density foam. The Schofields then sculpted and scratched the foam until it looks like a potato straight out of the dirt. The potato is so big the Schofields had to paint it in an auto body shop. They said they’ve worked 18-hour days to get the potato done in time for New Year's.
Sharolyn said “We didn’t plan on building produce, but it’s kind of fun.”
Cline said the potato cost $10,000. Then there’s the cost for the bands, heated tents, light show, confetti canons, fire dancers, and a magician.
“To level with you and be honest, I’ve put most of this on my shoulders and I’ve financed this free community event all myself,” Cline said.
He is getting some help though through donations. So far, the crowd-funding site Grotato has raised more than $21,000 with a goal of $30,000. The money will go toward downtown Boise’s New Year's Eve celebration.
Cline said the Potato Drop is about giving Boise a free event and celebrating the potato, too. Tonight’s event starts at 7:30 in downtown Boise. The potato will be lowered from a crane off the U.S. Bank building at 11:59 p.m.
Copyright 2013 Boise State Public Radio | <urn:uuid:7c7d5699-8ab3-403b-af68-5d4c4baa4139> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.boisestatepublicradio.org/arts-culture/2013-12-31/subaru-sized-foam-spud-ready-for-idahos-new-years-eve-potato-drop?utm_source=Facebook&utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=FBBOISESTATE2331 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.954214 | 525 | 1.65625 | 2 |
MiniMIPS Sim Crack + License Key
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This is a single cycle, limited instruction machine with 8-bit registers and a 16-bit instruction word. There is no memory and no way to look at registers or values of the data bus. This simulator is meant to help in the teaching of assembly and microprocessor design. It allows you to simulate programs and run them using a data structure. You can also write assembler code and it will compile into MIPS binary code. This is a very limited instruction set, but it is easy to get programs up and running. MiniMIPS Assembler: This is an assembler for MiniMIPS (up to version 1.01) with several extensions and improvements. Download MiniMIPS assembly (v1.01 and up) MiniMIPS Assembler Features: * Additions and edits made by YOU * Precompile and generate MIPS.nexp files from code * Compiles.nexp files into binary files for your target environment * Reads binary.nexp files from disk * Many options to be used with or without the assembler * Many options to control the code generation * Many options to control the instruction decoder * Many options to control the compiled binary file generation * Control features without having to do so much work * Load and run.nexp files * Reuse assembler code without recompiling * Cross platform * Simple, easy to use * Compiles source code to binary * The only assembler for MiniMIPS * Installable * Tested with (MIPS: R5000, R8000, R10000, R20000, R40000 and MIPS III (MARS) ** Unsupported targets: MIPS III (MARS), MIPS IV (ARM11) Supported OSs: Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, OSX Basic Use: * First make sure that you have the latest version of MiniMIPS from our web site. * Load a binary from the source directory. To load a file: For MiniMIPS simulator Choose "Load" For MiniMIPS assembler Choose "Run" Then you should be ready to run! Build a binary using the miniMIPS assembler: 1) Have miniMIPS assembler installed and in the current directory. 2) Choose "Build" from the menu. 3) Open the binary file (.nexp) file for a previously built program.
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The KEYMACRO assembly language is used to control the operation of a commercial MIPS CPU simulator from VME Associates. The simulation has a 16-bit address space, allows for indirection of parameters, and uses a stack to store local variables. A simple program to load a number into a register is included. The following description is taken from the VME Associates website: The KEYMACRO Assembly Language is a general purpose programming language used to control a VME Associates VME700, VME801 or VME802 MIPS processor simulator. The language is a variation of the EZ assembly language which is used for initial system configuration and for programming simulation support programs. KEYMACRO is written in straight EZ assembly language. Like the EZ language, the keymacro program must be loaded into a single cycle storage area by a user in order to be executed. Also, the keymacro program is executed in a single cycle. Features of the KEYMACRO Assembly Language Supports basic EZ-II instructions. Supports full 16-bit addressing. Supports 32-bit linear data. Can have 16 or 32 bit integer registers and 32 bit general purpose registers. Can have 3 or 5 operands. Can load or store 16 or 32 bit values. Can store registers and data values in memory. Can define memory areas. Allows indirection of parameters. Can simulate interrupt request Can simulate program interrupts Can simulate program exception Allows a keymacro program to simulate a keymacro program. The general KEYMACRO instructions are listed below. Each instruction has a brief description. Some instructions contain more than one operand. LOAD: READ 16-BIT VALUE FROM MEMORY DATA = VALUE MEM16 = VECTOR MEM32 = VECTOR (8-BIT VALUE) STORESPACE = SPACE STORENORM = REG STORENORM = REG (EXTRA PARAMETERS) STORESPACE = SPACE STORENORM = REG (EXTRA PARAMETERS) LOADSITE= SPACE LOADSITE= REG LOADSITE= REG (EXTRA PARAMETERS) LOADSITE= REG (EXTRA PARAMET b78a707d53
• Multi-platform and multiple file types supported • Bulk Rename option • Batch mode • Full version available for testing Portable BulkPDF File Types: • Portable Document Format (PDF) • Open Document Format (ODF) • Spreadsheet in OpenOffice.org ODC formats Portable BulkPDF Operating System: • Windows • Mac OS X • Linux For more information about Portable BulkPDF, visit its site at: PortableBulkPDF.com Smart Desktop – Introducing the first file organizer that syncs across all your computers. Smart Desktop is the most powerful, organized desktop PC and Mac for your home or office. Create and manage your files in one place. Get back to work on the best tools for the job. Smart Desktop syncs across all your computers, and all your information is secured and safe. Smart Desktop offers a dedicated, secure storage area for all your files that lives on your computers and mobile devices. You can create folders for every project or task, sync files across all your computers and devices and find everything you need – all from the desktop of your home or office. With Smart Desktop, you can be more productive, save time, stay organized and enjoy a smart, secure environment across all your computers. To learn more about Smart Desktop, visit: smartdesktop.net Smart Desktop is a Windows application and is available for PC and Mac. Desktop GridinSoft – Presenting the best looking, most user-friendly file organizing software on the market. Desktop GridinSoft is a fast, easy-to-use, reliable solution to organize all of your data. The user-friendly program has two options available: 1. Flat File Organization – Allows you to arrange all files into common categories like Downloads, Documents, Music, etc. 2. hierarchical File Organizing – Works like the Windows Explorer system. Arrange folders within folders and arrange sub-folders as you wish. You may have several sub-folders. Now, we have a bunch of folders. Arrange all files to match the folder structure. In short, an easy-to-use tool to organize all your files. Product Features: √ The one-of-a-kind Desktop GridinSoft is a fast, easy-to-use, multi-functional file organizing software. √ Organize your files fast, easy, and free. √ Multiple ways of searching:
What's New In MiniMIPS Sim?
<b>Write short notes on the go.</b> You can write your notes down with ease. Now, you can use NoteXpad with almost any mobile device, PC, tablet or tablet. The writing app is specially designed to make it easy to use. It's packed with a rich set of tools to make your note taking much more productive. <b>Write down a short note.</b> You can write down a note and share it with the world. It's a nice idea to have a dedicated note taking application on your mobile device. NoteXpad, with its easy to use user interface, makes note taking easy and fun. <b>Save all sorts of files.</b> Thanks to its powerful data manager, you can save your files in almost any format you want. You can save them as plain text, HTML or Microsoft Office documents. You can even take pictures with NoteXpad's built-in camera. <b>Use the note taking app everywhere.</b> You can use NoteXpad with almost any mobile device, PC, tablet or tablet. The powerful text editor is specially designed to make it easy to use on all of these different devices. <b>Write with the note taking app.</b> NoteXpad is a quick and easy to use app for taking notes and writing letters. It's packed with tools to make your note taking fun and productive. <b>Easy to use interface.</b> With a clean, intuitive design, you can use NoteXpad with ease. Now, you can use NoteXpad with almost any mobile device, PC, tablet or tablet. <b>Support almost any file.</b> Thanks to its powerful data manager, you can save your files in almost any format you want. You can save them as plain text, HTML or Microsoft Office documents. You can even take pictures with NoteXpad's built-in camera. <b>Adjust the app</b> You can adjust the app's transparency. You can also choose the application's font size. Requirements: <b>Windows XP/Vista/7</b> Download NoteXpad from iTunes' App Store Download NoteXpad from Google's
A typical mid-range computer, capable of playing the game at 1080p, 60fps and with high graphical settings. A 500GB (plus free space for the game) hard drive to be installed and in use at the time of play. A network connection to download content updates via Steam. Minimum 1.8GHz processor (all settings low) with at least 4GB RAM (minimum 4GB). A DirectX 11 compatible video card with at least 256MB of Video RAM (minimum 256MB). Minimum DirectX 11 | <urn:uuid:a20f7a90-7a02-4edf-95e4-d23b7805c6bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://obculdiran.weebly.com/minimips-sim-crack-keygen-full-version-pcwindows-2022.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.858594 | 2,013 | 2.171875 | 2 |
It’s not all that subtle. Revelations that major news sources bring us about Trump’s possible Russian connections and the questionable finances surrounding the president, his family, and supporters seldom make the local papers. Likewise, indictments and guilty pleas connected to the Mueller investigation that make headlines elsewhere are barely covered if not outright ignored. And now that the president’s defenders have decided to do everything they can to discredit the Mueller investigation, our local Ogden papers have joined the team.
On Monday, both local papers ran the same AP story about President Trump wanting an investigation into whether the FBI had “infiltrated” his presidential campaign. The 1,135-word AP story was edited, however, by both papers: the Intelligencer used only the first 443 words while the afternoon paper included the first 703 words. Neither included any “balance” in their version; Trump lawyer Rudy Guiliani’s perspective made up most of both versions of the AP story. This, for example, was excluded from both versions:
Rep. Adam Schiff of California, the senior Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, called Trump's claim of an embedded spy "nonsense."
"His 'demand' DOJ investigate something they know to be untrue is an abuse of power, and an effort to distract from his growing legal problems," Schiff said on Twitter. "Never mind that DOJ has warned that lives and alliances are at risk. He doesn't care."
(By the way, the Intelligencer’s headline told us that “Trump Seeks Probe of FBI.” On the other hand, the AP's first sentence, and the headline used by most other sources, informed us that Trump demands a probe. It’s just a one-word difference but the Intelligencer’s version subtly portrays the president as polite and procedural rather than childlike or despotic.)
This afternoon’s editorial, “Identifying Bad Apples in Agencies,” supports the president’s demand. (Note – no link available.) Apparently, the News-Register believes that because, for instance, the FBI has investigated the Steele dossier without corroboration from other sources (something the News-Register has no way of knowing is true), “Trump is right to insist upon an investigation.” Huh? Isn’t looking into all possibilities what a bureau of investigation charged with looking into Russian influence in our elections is supposed to do? | <urn:uuid:ce50112b-2316-4a4d-90de-a6394b3eb050> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thewheelingalternative.silvrback.com/defending-president-trump | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.955523 | 510 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Creating moments for an INTENTIONAL PAUSE
We have hand crafted a number of unique cultural tours to make the most of your experience with the Passion Play. Tickets are included in all tours.
In 1632, The Black Plague was on the cusp of a little town in Germany called Oberammergau. The people of Oberammergau made a vow to God that if he spared their town from the inevitable plague they would regularly perform the Passion Play as a sign of repentance. After this pledge, no one died, so the first Passion Play was staged in 1634. Now every decade, the play is performed in this town and transforms the whole village. As you can imagine, the Oberammergau Passion Play experience is on many travellers' bucket-list.
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Interesting Oberammergau Passion Play facts:
Oberammergau Passion Play 2022 | <urn:uuid:1d936658-9e59-4573-bd2a-1dec1eef693d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myselah.com.au/special/oberammergau-passion-play/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.941588 | 209 | 2.046875 | 2 |
At Tawhero School we are beginning to follow a Structured literacy approach for our teaching of the English Curriculum. A Structured Literacy approach is a highly explicit and systematic way of teaching all important components of literacy. These components include both foundational skills (e.g., decoding, spelling, handwriting and letter formation) and higher-level literacy skills (e.g., reading comprehension, written expression).
We have invested in the Little Learners Love Literacy (LLLL) decodable texts, the Heggerty Phonological Awareness Programme and activities too. The Ministry of Education's new Ready to Read, Phonics Plus readers will be used in the scope and sequence that we have adopted from the LLLL programme.
All our staff at Tawhero are included in professional learning and development with RTLB to learn about the 44 sounds and over 170+ spelling patterns. This is a school wide approach that is explicit and systematic.
We have a school wide spelling programme that is based on The Code by Liz Kane. We utilise assessments for placing learners at particular levels/lists so that they can learn the patterns they are missing that is evident through our assessment. | <urn:uuid:54ae935c-f71f-4bfc-8d32-03e87630fe90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tawhero.school.nz/our-school/structured-literacy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.942487 | 240 | 3.09375 | 3 |
As the drug epidemic continues to spread across America, more and more addiction treatment centers and sober living homes are abounding, especially here in Los Angeles and Southern California. Before choosing a treatment option, however, it’s important to understand the difference between drug rehab and sober living. In fact, these days it is becoming much more prevalent to find upscale and highly structured sober livings (addiction recovery homes) providing treatment center type services. We refer to them as PHP (partial hospitalization) programs, and they are fast becoming a primary approach toward treating drug and alcohol addictions.
Drug rehab is the first step and primary source for recovery from drug addiction, alcoholism and dual diagnosis (a co-occurring disorder of addiction and mental health illness). A proper evaluation and diagnosis by a licensed psychiatrist specializing in addiction treatment in California will determine whether your situation would best be suited for inpatient/residential rehab or outpatient rehab. Residential rehab is when the patient lives at the treatment facility for either a short term of 30 to 90 days or long-term inpatient drug rehab extending up to 12 months. They must stay and leave behind jobs, home and relationships and focus on just their recovery.
Outpatient rehab allows the patient to remain in their own home or in a sober living home while frequenting rehab for recovery services. The staff is composed of clinical and therapeutic treatment professionals with a plethora of treatment options that should be individualized for the patient’s specific needs. Alcohol addiction recovery time will vary from person to person, as will drug addiction recovery time.
Quite often, medical detox will be the first phase of recovery when entering drug rehab. Detox can take anywhere from several hours to days at an inpatient drug rehab. The next stage in recovery is dealing with the underlying causes for the drug or alcohol addiction through various treatment modalities (clinical and holistic) such as therapy, group support, family involvement, etc. If there is also a dual diagnosis, the treatment must address the addiction and the mental health disorder separately. The next phase of recovery is aftercare or sober living which is comprised of services and structure supporting a balanced and healthy life in recovery.
What is Sober Living & Recovery Housing?
Sober living homes are transitional residences where those in recovery live together. It’s difficult to just return to your own home, neighborhood, and friends, with the reminders of your past experiences with drug and alcohol addiction. While living at a sober living home, total abstinence from any alcohol or drugs is mandatory. The best sober living homes surround you with people who understand your situation and can support you in your recovery. Sober living homes may be co-ed or gender-specific whereby men and women live separately.
When choosing a new home which is dedicated to sober living Southern California, you need to be sure it’s the right choice for you. Researching the ‘best sober living homes near me’ is the natural place to begin but don’t necessarily settle for the first one you find. Sober living homes cost a different amount depending on where you stay.
Sunset House Los Angeles is a three-story residence for men located near the 405 freeway between Brentwood and Bel-Air;
Roxbury House near Beverly Hills is a two-story comfortably furnished home for men with high ceilings, a marble staircase and multiple lounge areas;
Benicia House Los Angeles for women is in an upscale Los Angeles neighborhood called Holmby Hills which is within walking distance of Century City Mall and multiple bus routes.
Each sober living residence has its own structure, rules, and expectations, all designed to help people stay sober and ensure a successful recovery. Services such as the 12-step program are common practice at sober living homes. Sober living homes are uniquely poised to provide a safe place for those in need of a secure structure to ensure a successful recovery.
Many sober living homes have relationships with outpatient treatment centers and provide travel from the residence in order to facilitate a sober routine. They allow you the opportunities to create a whole new healthier lifestyle, including work, relationships, physical fitness, and well-being. The difference between one sober living home and another is usually characterized by the location, comfort, gender, and cost. Epiphany Sober Living of Southern California prides its reputation on offering upscale and comfortable residences that are more affordable than others in their category.
To learn more about the differences between drug rehab and sober living homes and which treatment options are best for your individual needs, please contact Epiphany Sober Living at (844) 229-6636. | <urn:uuid:2f4d5103-cbaa-4d95-8c68-d1552c964d6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://epiphanysoberliving.com/drug-treatment-centers-vs-sober-living-homes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.943952 | 937 | 1.664063 | 2 |
- A Muslim should recite supplications from the Quran and Sunnah whatever the nature and degree of illness.
- One may also perform ruqyah to seek cure for illness.
- Prophet Muhammad said the evil eye is true, and we have several supplications for protection from the evil eye which you will find in the links below.
Assalamu alaykum, and thank you for sending in your question to our website.
Sister, I am sorry to hear that your family has been afflicted with illness and distress.
I ask Allah to grant your mother complete and quick cure.
Whatever the nature and degree of illness, a Muslim may recite these dua’s to ask Allah for cure.
Also, the praiseworthy action of ruqyah may be performed in order to seek cure for illness through the blessed words of the Quran and sunnah.
What is Ruqyah and How is it Done?
To perform ruqyah, specified verses from Quran and authentic dua’s from sunnah are recited. This can be done either by someone who is righteous, or by the sick person themselves, and then blown over their body.
These incantations can also be blown over water, and the patient can then be given this water to drink.
A word of caution, sister: whenever cure is sought for a Muslim through dua or ruqyah, one should avoid any words of recitation that are not proved from the Quran and sunnah.
Also, one should never visit witch-doctors or other charlatans who charge money for performing ruqyah upon others.
For more details about the Islamic ordainment of ruqyah and how it can/should be performed, please click here.
For authentic dua’s from the sunnah, which can be recited to ask Allah for cure for all kinds of illness, along with their translations in Urdu, please click here.
The Evil Eye is True
As for your second question, sister, yes indeed it is true that the evil eye is real.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,
“The evil eye is true and if anything could be faster (in having an effect) than the predestination, then the evil eye would have been (that thing).” [Sahih Muslim]
It can so happen that a healthy and blessed person, whom people see enjoying many blessings from Allah, is suddenly afflicted with illness, depression, and even poverty.
It can be because of the envy and “ain” (i.e. the effect of the eye) cast upon them by people.
The eye can be cast upon a victim even unintentionally, and not just by enviers.
Even those people who greatly admire and love a person may inadvertently cast the eye upon them, as a result of looking at them with excessive love/admiration:
In a hadith narrated in Muwatta Imam Malik, we get to know of how a companion of the Prophet named Sahl ibn Hunayf who had beautiful white skin, once got afflicted with the effect of the eye when his companion admired and praised his skin.
When the Prophet was informed of this, he said, “Why does one of you kill his brother? Why did you not say, ‘May Allah bless you?’”
This indicates that the evil eye can even be cast upon someone when they are admired greatly by another Muslim who is their sincere well-wisher.
So we all should be careful about suspecting or accusing other Muslims of casting an evil eye upon us.
Instead, we should focus on praying for blessing and cure for our brothers and sisters in Islam. This is a must especially when we see them either enjoying blessings or being afflicted with hardships, respectively.
The ruqyah and dua’s prescribed in Shari’ah should be used even for seeking treatment and cure from the evil eye.
And Allah knows best.
I hope that this answers your questions.
Salam. Please stay in touch.
(From Ask About Islam archives)
Please continue feeding your curiosity, and find more info in the following links: | <urn:uuid:4c8f2732-5571-470b-b64e-85434bbe9bf3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aboutislamver2.aboutislam.net/counseling/ask-about-islam/dua-for-cure-from-sickness-and-protection-from-the-evil-eye/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.940509 | 923 | 2.109375 | 2 |
“When I Go to Heaven, I’ll Be White”: The Ethics of Transracial Adoption Within the Context of Childhood Trauma and Racial Identity Development
Marva L. Lewis, Rhonda G. Norwood
In this resource
This article explores the identity development of young children of color growing up in transracial adoptive homes. The authors present the story of a 6-year-old child with a history of severe trauma and how this trauma shaped her understanding of race and identity. After her eighth foster placement, the child’s play and talk became increasingly self-deprecating of her black skin color, leading to concerns that the child had begun to equate her movement from her previous foster homes with the fact that she was Black. The article concludes with a discussion of the need for a relationship-focused, strengths-based, ecological systems approach to evaluate ethical issues of racial identity formation within a sequelae of childhood trauma and placement into a multicultural family.
In this era of widening global and cultural boundaries, there is an increasing number of adopted children who are of a different race, culture, or ethnicity than their adoptive parent(s) (Marr, 2017). The Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA) of 1994 was the first federal law to address the issue of race in adoption. For agencies receiving federal funds, denying transracial adoptions solely based on race was prohibited. Agencies could, however, use race as one factor among others when placing children into foster or adoptive homes. The Inter-Ethnic Adoption Amendment in 1996 (GovTrack.us, 2019) then made it impermissible to employ race as a factor in placing children. Transracial adoption of children remains regulated by state laws, which vary from state to state. These laws address a broad range of legal topics in relation to adoption that help guide local policies, judicial practices, and formal casework recommendations for placement of young children of color into transracial adoptive placements. The permanency and concurrent policies and practices outlined in the Adoption and Safe Families Act in 1997 urged adoptive agencies, judges, and child welfare workers to recognize the urgent developmental needs of infants and young children for permanency and speedy placement into “forever homes.” (See review of issues related to legal decision timeline and transracial adoption in Marr, 2017).
Despite the developmental importance of these rulings, guidelines, and practices, little attention has been given to the ethical issues for this type of placement from the perspective of the child. These laws, practices, and policies do not address the emotional and identity perspectives of children. What are the emotional needs and developmental implications for identity development of young children of color growing up in transracial adoptive homes?
The following case study describes the collaboration between a White, infant mental health therapist and an African American consultant. The consultation was initiated due to the therapist’s ethical dilemma and concerns about a young African American girl, “K’atrice,” who experienced a series of neglectful and abusive caregiving relationships, which caused extreme emotional and behavioral dysregulation. Once she was placed in a stable, loving foster home with a White caregiver, K’atrice began to exhibit an extreme aversion to the color of her own skin. As the case progressed without much improvement in K’atrice’s acceptance of her racial features, the therapist began to worry about the ethics of a White therapist working with—and a White foster mother caring for—this particular child.
We use a trauma-informed framework to reflect on the emerging racial identity of this vulnerable girl. We also use Urie Bronfrenbrenner’s (1979) concept of the interacting layers of the ecological environment in which children develop to examine the social, developmental, and environmental contexts of K’atrice’s experiences. We end with a discussion of her journey to address the questions of her identity in the face of repeated trauma and within a transracial adoption and therapeutic setting: Who am I? Where do I belong?
The Ethics of Transracial Adoption
The ethics of transracial adoption have been hotly debated. In 1972, the National Association of Black Social Workers opposed transracial adoptions and advocated for the expansion of placement of African American children in same-race foster and adoptive placements (Marr, 2017). One position argues that transracial adoptive parents will not be able to socialize their children to be able to cope within a racist society as well as same-race adoptive parents. The sparse findings from research on this question have been mixed. Research has demonstrated that transracially adopted children more often live in predominantly White communities, which can lead to feelings of isolation and poorly developed racial identities (Lee, 2003). Conversely, other studies have shown that, as adults, transracial adoptees fare well in terms of their self-esteem and sense of identity (see Park & Green, 2000, for discussion).
Transracial Adoption and Identity Development
Across cultures, a normative, developmental process for young children is the formation of their ethnic and cultural identities. These processes include developing their personalities and social identities within the standards of their culturally unique developmental niches (Lewis, 2000). Children’s identities are nurtured within the contexts of their family and larger social groups based on any number of characteristics such as their nationality, gender or sexual orientation, and social class (Clark & Clark, 1971). Some children develop within a larger sociocultural context where trauma and race are dominant themes, for example, in the form of severe adverse childhood experiences (Felitti et al., 1998) and intergenerational legacies of historical trauma of their families and cultural groups (Lewis, McConnico, & Anderson, in press; Lewis, Noroña, McConnico, & Thomas, 2013). These struggles compound the process of developing their individual identities. The emotions associated with the historical trauma experiences of their group identity may be seared into their memories and neurobiology for a lifetime (Schechter & Rusconi Serpa, 2011).
Racial phenotype (the observable characteristics of an individual) readily distinguishes Black Americans from other racial groups. The societal legacy of being Black in America includes a traumatic history of discrimination, stereotypes, and racism based solely on the indelible, genetically determined feature of race—skin color. As a result, Black1 families must use psychologically protective child-rearing practices that serve to insulate children from the slings and arrows of everyday racism, discrimination, and prejudice based on their skin color (Lewis, 1999, 2016, 2019). Parents of color are also tasked with the responsibility of helping their children develop their identities within a racially divided society. Their shared racial features and experiences related to those features enable them to share a deeper level of racial empathy with their children. The parents’ lived experiences of varying degrees of discrimination and prejudice based on their skin color better provides the basis for racial socialization goals to prepare children to live in a racially stratified society.
Transracial adoptive parents have the same task of encouraging the healthy development of their children’s ethnic and cultural identities. However, they do not share the same physical characteristics and related experiences of their adopted children. Therefore, adoptive parents whose race differs from their children face additional challenges with nurturing healthy ethnic and cultural identities.
1 The term Black denotes a sociopolitical constructed racial group category. The term African American refers to the culture or ethnic identity of the group
K’atrice’s Story—by Rhonda Norwood
The following story explores issues related to trauma, race, and identity. K’atrice2 experienced severe trauma during her early years within the caregiving contexts of people whose skin color looked like hers. She was then placed into a loving environment with a White caregiver. The overlaying ecological framework in which K’atrice was embedded at the time of consultation is illustrated in Figure 1. K’atrice experienced a variety of positive and negative messages about race and skin color from many levels of her ecological niche of same-race and different-race relationships. My concerns included a worry about the capacity of the White adoptive family to racially socialize K’atrice in her journey of racial identity development.
Background and Early Life
K’atrice was first referred to our clinic 2 months prior to her 6th birthday by her child protective services (CPS) worker, Danielle. This clinic provided services to young children from birth to 6 years old placed in foster care. The following history was compiled from multiple reports from the CPS worker, Danielle, and several of K’atrice’s former foster parents.
K’atrice, a petite, African-American girl, first entered foster care when she was 18-months-old. Her father was physically abusive to her mother, both parents were using a variety of drugs, and there were also reports of her mother having an unspecified mental illness. During one fight, which K’atrice and her 6-year-old brother witnessed, her pregnant mother was beaten so badly that she was rushed to the emergency room. The injuries were severe, and she delivered the baby at 33 weeks’ gestation. The baby, Nevaeh, also received multiple injuries while in-utero, including a traumatic brain injury. At this point, CPS placed K’atrice with a fictive-family member, her brother with the maternal grandmother, and Nevaeh in the certified, non-kin foster home of Blaire.
After living with the fictive-family member for approximately 1 month, CPS discovered that the caregiver was allowing K’atrice to stay with her biological parents unsupervised. Katrice was then placed with her sister Nevaeh in Blaire’s foster home, where she remained for 2½-years. She had inconsistent contact with her biological mother during this period, and she never saw her biological father, who was intermittently incarcerated. When K’atrice was 3 years old, Nevaeh died from complications from the prenatal injuries. Blaire grieved the baby’s death intensely, and she later reported to the therapist that this period was when “everything went downhill.” At that time, there were several foster children in Blaire’s home, and CPS began to have concerns about the children’s safety. K’atrice had been left unattended, wandered into traffic, was hit by a car, and sustained a broken leg, and Blaire and her husband were in the process of divorcing. Because of these and other concerns, CPS removed K’atrice from this home when she was 55-months-old. CPS reported that K’atrice was “bonded” to these caregivers prior to her removal.
Following this placement disruption, K’atrice spent the next year moving from home to home; the longest placement lasted 4 months, and all placements disrupted reportedly because of K’atrice’s behavior. Each of these homes were with single, African American foster mothers. At this point, K’atrice was displaying oppositional behaviors, threatening foster parents (e.g., “I’m going to tell Danielle that you hit me!”), smearing nasal mucus on herself and things, having tantrums that lasted for hours, and acting aggressively with other children in the homes. K’atrice often demanded to call her CPS worker to ask for a new home when she was upset. One of these foster mothers reported that when she informed K’atrice she would be sent to a new home, K’atrice responded, “Good!” When K’atrice was 6 years old, she was placed in the home of a Caucasian foster mother, Susan. Approximately 3 weeks after placement, though, Susan had already decided that she, too, could no longer provide care for K’atrice. Susan had one biological son and another foster child who had special medical needs, so Susan was concerned that K’atrice’s aggression could jeopardize the placement of that child, whom she was hoping to adopt. It was during this period that CPS finally referred K’atrice for treatment. CPS reported to the clinic that when they arrived to get K’atrice from Susan’s home to move her to another therapeutic foster home, she reacted very differently than when leaving the previous homes. K’atrice reportedly sobbed, screamed, and clung to Susan, and she had to eventually be pried away and restrained in the car during transport. The day after being placed in the new home, K’atrice was brought into the clinic by her 6th foster mother.
K’atrice first came to the clinic with Esther, a 62-year-old African American woman who had been a “therapeutic” foster mother for 16 years; Esther laughingly reported that she had fostered “too many children to count!” She was soft spoken and seemed like a gentle woman, but there were immediate concerns with some of her comments about K’atrice, and she did not intend to provide enduring care for her or participate in treatment with her. Concerns were immediately reported to CPS, who said they would try to find another placement for her.
During this same intake session with Esther, K’atrice presented as a petite, quiet, girl, who was very wary of the clinic and clinicians. It was difficult to imagine that this soft-spoken girl could wreak such havoc in a foster home. During this first encounter with K’atrice, I asked her if she knew why she had come to my office:
K’atrice: “I need to learn to be good so I can go back and live with Ms. Susan.”
Rhonda: “Did you like living with Ms. Susan?”
K’atrice: “Yes, and I want to go back.”
Rhonda: “I’m not sure that you can go back there, but Danielle [CPS worker] and I are going to work very hard to find you a wonderful home where you can stay forever.”
K’atrice: “If I were white, could I live with Ms. Susan?”
After recovering from hearing this heartbreaking question, I continued to talk with K’atrice about her experiences in Susan’s home, particularly regarding how it compared to her previous homes. K’atrice’s accounts of the insensitivity and, in some cases, abuse that occurred in those foster homes were very similar to CPS’s accounts. In stark contrast, she portrayed Susan as a loving caregiver, and she was desperate to be able to return to her home. We ended this first session, and I again tried to reassure her that the adults in her life were going to find a safe home for her. I informed CPS that we would begin individual therapy while waiting for Katrice to be moved to a permanent home, at which point she could receive attachment and trauma-informed treatment within the context of the caregiving relationship.
I received a phone call from CPS later that day informing me that, after leaving the clinic, Esther had been arrested for ejecting 6-year-old K’atrice and another foster child out of her car and leaving them alone on the side of the interstate for laughing too loudly on the ride home. When Susan heard about this incident a few days later, she immediately petitioned CPS to have K’atrice returned to her home. She committed to adopt K’atrice and attend dyadic/family therapy in order to help K’atrice overcome her traumatic experiences. CPS moved K’atrice to a temporary respite home (K’atrice’s 7th placement), as they were skeptical about moving K’atrice back to Susan’s home given the prior request to have K’atrice leave.
Once K’atrice was moved back to Susan’s home, I began to work closely with Susan on helping K’atrice develop better self-regulatory capacities. Despite some areas of rigidity that are often typical of many Southern parents (e.g., well-behaved children say “Yes, ma’am!”), Susan was generally empathic and understanding that K’atrice’s behaviors were symptoms of her traumatic experiences, and she was motivated to learn how to help K’atrice recover. Treatment included elements of childparent psychotherapy (Lieberman & Van Horn, 2004), individual work with Susan, and individual therapy with K’atrice using a trauma-informed protocol for young children (Scheeringa, Weems, Cohen, Amaya-Jackson, & Guthrie, 2011). The goal of treatment was to foster emotional attunement between Susan and K’atrice, increase Susan’s sensitive and consistent responses to K’atrice’s needs, and improve K’atrice’s emotional and behavioral dysregulation.
Now that she was in a stable, safe environment, K’atrice’s needs initially did not seem that different from most of the other foster children on my caseload. Very quickly, however, K’atrice began to demonstrate themes in her play and discussions that made me, as a White therapist, very uncomfortable. Following is an excerpt from one therapy session after K’atrice chose a dollhouse for play:
K’atrice: “All my people are white.” (She selected one black doll and several white dolls.)
Dr. Norwood: “What about this one?” (pointing to the black doll)
K’atrice: “She comes from another family but lives with the white people.”
Dr. Norwood: “Oh, I see. She doesn’t live with the other (black) family?”
K’atrice: “No, she found the perfect family.”
Each week, K’atrice introduced similar racially related themes into her play. At the beginning of another dyadic session, I quietly handed Susan a black doll to cradle and nurture while K’atrice was choosing her toys; when Katrice turned around and saw that Susan was holding the doll, she took it from her and said, “You can’t have that one, it’s ugly!” After slamming the doll to the ground, K’atrice replaced Susan’s doll with a white one.
Another prevalent theme in K’atrice’s play and talk revolved around “heaven.” This theme appeared to be directly related to Nevaeh’s death, as K’atrice often talked about one day seeing her sister again in heaven. During another dyadic session, K’atrice and Susan were talking about some difficult behaviors she had during the week, and K’atrice put her head down and quietly said, “When I go to heaven, I’ll be white.”
I had never worked with a child so young who had such pervasive concerns about the color of her skin. Susan also voiced concerns that K’atrice was making derogatory statements about her skin color at home. Hypothesizing that needing to maintain proximity to a White foster mother was the root of these negative perceptions, I suggested various interventions for Susan to try at home; K’atrice soon began saying things like, “My mommy likes my skin, and so do I.” However, nothing seemed to assuage K’atrice’s conviction, during her play and in spontaneous conversations, that white skin was more desirable than hers.
Furthermore, this conviction appeared to generalize into other problems for K’atrice and Susan. For example, when Susan disciplined K’atrice, K’atrice began to say that she was always being singled out among the three children in the home. (Although this statement could have been accurate, there was never any evidence of Susan doing so, and Susan’s observed interactions with K’atrice were always reasonably sensitive and appropriate. However, K’atrice had significantly more behavioral outbursts than the other children, which probably did result in more discipline.) Over the next year of work together, “fairness” and being different (and treated differently) became themes that generalized to the school and other family members, and in many different contexts.
Within a few months after K’atrice arrived, CPS placed another child into Susan’s home, 6-month-old Jaliyah. Jaliyah was an African American girl who had sustained brain damage after being shaken by her biological mother. Susan was hopeful that having another Black child in the home would help K’atrice to feel more secure in their diverse family, and it seemed, initially, that K’atrice was very happy with Jaliyah’s arrival. The improvements, however, were short lasting, and the emotional dysregulation specifically regarding her skin color continued to worsen, even as the general behavioral and emotional dysregulation improved.
As we developed and addressed her trauma narrative in therapy (Scheeringa et al., 2011) over those first few months, I began to wonder if K’atrice was associating black skin with her traumatic experiences (see Table 1). All her previous foster homes, which were difficult and sometimes abusive placements, had been with African American foster parents, and her African American CPS social worker was the one who brought her to all those different homes. If K’atrice had indeed begun to classify people as being good and bad, or safe and unsafe, based on their skin color, then a very important question for me became clear: Can a white therapist and a white foster mother help such a child disentangle her traumatic experiences from her developing racial identity? Or, would these safe, supportive, White people exacerbate the rejection of her black skin? It was at this point that I contacted Dr. Lewis for advice.
2 All names and some identifying features have been changed to protect confidentiality.
Consultation—by Marva Lewis
The consultation process involved developing an understanding of the unique factors that characterized K’atrice’s significant relationships and family dynamics, as well as the larger environmental and societal forces at play.
Cultural identity and ethnic identity are created through healthy connection with others who share similar traditions, values, and history (Spencer & Markstrom-Adams, 1990). Ultimately, social acceptance and connection with primary caregivers and peers lead to feelings of individual and social power in children (Rohner, 1975). From child care through secondary education, there are individual relationships and relationships with groups that impact the developmental experiences of the growing child. Through identity formation, an individual child “belongs”—first to a family, then to an extended family, then to a community or neighborhood, and, finally, to a society. Haviland and Kahlbaugh (1993) proposed, “In our affective approach to identity, emotion is the ‘glue’ of identity that creates chunks of experience through processes of emotional magnification and resonance” (p. 328). This rule helps the individual discriminate which of a hierarchical set of experiences will have emotions attached to them. Dr. Norwood’s concerns centered on the potential implications of the emotional attachment and supportive relationships of a White foster mother and White therapist unwittingly and negatively influencing this young Black child’s positive racial identity development.
Several theoretical frameworks informed my consultation with this family and Dr. Norwood. Urie Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological systems theory explains that the relationships in K’atrice’s developmental niche, which came from larger social systems in her community that include the department of social services, the educational system, and the mental health system, influenced the development of her identity. An understanding was needed of the environmental messages about race that K’atrice received from individuals at these various systems levels. The impact of trauma on her identity formation as a normal developmental psychosocial crisis (Erikson, 1968) as well as her racial identify formation (Cross, 1991), was also considered throughout the consultation (Lewis & Ghosh-Ippen, 2004). Finally, attachment theory and a relationship-based assessment framework (Zeanah et al., 1997) also guided the process of assessment (see Box 1).
Table 1. Race of Caregivers and K’atrice’s Experiences of
|K’atrice’s Age||Type of Confirmed Trauma||Race of Caregiver/Attachment Figure|
|Birth to 18
||Abuse (physical, emotional, and neglect, confirmed; sexual suspected)
Parental substance use
Parental mental illness
Separation from caregivers
|Black, biological parents
|18 months to 19 months
||Foster Home #1
Black, female caregiver
|19 months to 55 months
Separation of caregivers
Hit by car
Death of biological sister
|Foster Home #2|
Black, male and female caregivers (Divorced near end of placement)
|55 months to 63 months
||Changed placements 4 more times
|Foster Homes 3, 4, & 5
All black, single foster mothers
||Abandoned on the side of the road after laughing in car; child was hypervigilant around foster mother prior to this
||Foster Home #6
Black, single foster mother
||7th placement, unknown race
white foster mother
Three Levels of Relationship Assessment
The relationship-based tools that best fit this multilevel conceptual framework to address these questions included individual interviews with the therapist and the parents, the creation of an Eco-map (Hartman, 1978) to depict the quality of the relationships, a timeline of trauma and race of the associated caregiver, a projective measure using a version of the House-Tree-Person Draw drawing procedure (Buck, Warren, Wenk, & Jolles, 1999), and naturalistic observation of the entire family interactions during the ritual and routine of mealtime in the home (Miron, Lewis, & Zeanah, 2009; Wolin & Bennett, 1984). Multiple interviews with Dr. Norwood were also conducted, and the commitment, concern, and worry of this therapist to “do no harm” was clearly evident.
Interview With the Parent Subsystem
At the time of K’atrice’s adoption, which occurred shortly before the consultation, only one partner in a same-sex couple was able to adopt the child. Susan’s partner, Lorraine, however, was very involved with K’atrice’s treatment and daily caregiving. The initial interview with both Susan and Lorraine primarily focused on their perception of K’atrice. They openly shared their history as parents, as a marginalized lesbian couple, and their intentional plans for an adoptive family. They discussed their worries about their relationships with K’atrice. By the conclusion of the interview, it was clear that their worry centered on a fear of inadvertently negatively influencing K’atrice’s self-concept as an African American and her racial identity. Both parents were educated and had taken some courses on cultural sensitivity and awareness training in their professional lives. They described the steps and activities they had taken to communicate pride in African American heritage. They noted that their community, church affiliations, and extended family were White. The school K’atrice attended was also predominantly White. It was also clear that the acceptance of K’atrice by some of their extended family was somewhat reserved. I applauded the parents for their concerns and commitment to support K’atrice and all their children of diverse races. We made plans for an in-home visit to meet all the children and not single out K’atrice as the focus of the assessment. The in-home observations included the developmentally appropriate projective assessment measures including family drawings.
This family presented with a range of differences in terms of the characteristics of social identity: a racially White, lesbian couple, three of the children differed in gender and race and physical ability, adoption, and divorced parents. Although Jaliyah and K’atrice shared the same foster care status and skin color, Jaliyah’s severe cerebral palsy and tracheostomy tube made them look quite different physically.
The central issues in this family that were deemed most relevant to the core concern of the therapist—K’atrice’s concept of her racial self—seemed to center on how the parents value difference. Each member of this household is easily identified as belonging to different phenotypical groups. Dichotomous differences included gender (girl/boy), physical abilities (physically able/disabled), weight and size (large/small), skin color (dark/white), hair color (dark/blonde) and texture (very curly/straight), and roles and relationships (brother/sister; adopted child/biological child). These clearly visible dichotomies of differences that contrast with the parents’ very loving message to the children that they are all the same may have, unwittingly, created cognitive dissonance based on the perceptions of the children. Their eyes see visible differences. Social messages from their larger ecological environment teach the children (e.g., “She is different than me. I am a boy; she is a girl.”). Yet, as this richly diverse family tried to explicitly convey a message of equality among the children, the implicit message may have been that their differences were not important. In other words, perhaps the children were hearing, “I don’t see you as a unique individual. You are just the same as all the rest of the children.”
The recommendations to the therapist therefore fell into three categories: addressing the dynamics of the therapist relationship and racial identity of K’atrice, strengthening K’atrice’s attachment relationships with her adoptive parents, and increasing K’atrice’s connections with groups in the African American community.
The parents were advised to encourage all the children to come up with ideas about things that are different. The goal was to provide the children with developmentally appropriate schemas and templates to be able to talk about difference and emotionally experience acceptance for the differences they were born with and had no control in creating or maintaining. Not until children are adolescents will they be expected to begin the process of identifying with specific groups and individuating away from their family (Erikson, 1968; Spencer & Markstrom-Adams, 1990).
The parents were also encouraged to provide all the children with everyday tools to respond to and celebrate differences, reward acceptance of differences and cooperation, and discourage competition with one another. This goal can often be accomplished by using popular children’s stories, carefully selected characters in social media or television, and bedtime stories to practice recognizing emotions and to teach children how to use words to express all emotions.
The assessment was guided by the following questions:
1. How well does this child fit into a family of children who are “different” in terms of race, gender, and physical abilities, and by same-sex parents who are viewed as “different” based on their sexual orientation?
2. What is K’atrice’s perception of herself as a member of this family created from a variety of identity groups?
3. How well can this family system prepare this child for predictable developmental challenges that lie ahead related to identity?
The relationship between the therapist and child had been one of continuity and security. However, the reality was that the therapeutic clinical relationship would end; in fact, K’atrice had already “aged out” of the clinic’s services, but Dr. Norwood extended her treatment time frame given the severity of K’atrice’s symptoms. To aid K’atrice’s ability to develop positive relationships with other adults in the larger community, several suggestions were made. As a mechanism of transition from the frequency of therapy, the suggestion was made to have the parents enroll K’atrice in the local Big Brother/Big Sister program. Assignment to an African American Big Sister would provide K’atrice with a healthier relationship with an adult who looked like her and would allow her to build a positive relationship without the threat of trauma associated with prior caregivers. This Big Sister would be able to be with her for years and, regardless of her placement status, continue throughout K’atrice’s development as a teenager. A Big Sister could be one of the few relationships K’atrice would have that might bridge the many developmental transitions she will be going through as she reaches adulthood. This relationship could also ease the process of termination in the therapist–client relationship.
The other community-based activity that would offer K’atrice the opportunity to interact with African American girls who looked like her might be participation in a local chapter of the national organization of the Girl Scouts. Again, this organization may be a less emotionally threatening group activity during which she could earn badges, be a leader, and be the very smart girl that she was without the anxiety that accompanied close relationships. The family was advised to find a troop with a racially diverse membership. These types of relationships also do not have a social stigma attached to the relationships as is often the case with mental health services.
Discussion and Conclusions
K’atrice’s experiences of trauma and her journey through the process of developing her racial identity highlight the complexity of growth and development for children with diverse needs. Racial phenotype and dark skin color remain a consistent worry for young children growing up in an increasingly multicultural world. Childhood experiences of racial acceptance and rejection by significant attachment figures become intertwined with memories of the quality of their emotional relationships (Lewis et al., 2013). Consequently, these emotionally charged memories may be an unrecognized adverse childhood experience for some children. For K’atrice, this rejection was coupled with severe and chronic maltreatment by people who were Black—caregivers with the same skin color—resulting in her own skin color becoming a traumatic trigger and part of her internal working model (Bowlby, 1982) of these relationships. In the larger context of families, neighborhoods, and social groups, the caregiver’s and social message in response to a child’s skin color and trauma is an unrecognized area of vulnerability for children.
It is likely that K’atrice will continue to face many developmental challenges resulting from this internal struggle with her racial identity. Like K’atrice, many children struggle to regulate their emotions within challenging sociocultural and political contexts that they had no role in creating (Steele, 2004). As an early childhood clinician and a consultant, we worried that the impact of these complex racial factors often is lost in the pragmatic realities of achieving mandated permanency goals of adoption. We believe that for a clinician to ethically and holistically address the socioemotional needs of children, racial factors, despite their complexity, require attention as sources of trauma (Lewis & Ghosh-Ippen, 2004). Further, we believe that racial trauma must be approached from a relationshipbased framework and relationship-grounded tools and interventions. This therapeutic need may be more important with transracial adoptions.
Yet, superficial efforts to address race must not become a superficial “quick fix” nor remedy for a child’s or family’s substantive mental health needs. Race must not become the scapegoat for other trauma the child experiences such as bullying or simple rejection based on any number of other characteristics. The topic of race must be directly addressed and authentically and thoughtfully included in any treatment plan for the most effective and ethical service delivery to young traumatized children.
In the increasingly multicultural world of the future, there will be continued need for culturally informed professionals to guide parents—biological, foster, or adoptive—in their role of caregiver to their same-race, different- race, or multicultural children. We recommend parents and caregivers be supported to proudly draw on the strengths of their distinct cultural practices to build a strong attachment relationship with their child. As children in the future acculturate to new communities, we hope they will not feel the pressure to hide their authentic, ethnic selves to avoid the cruelty of stereotypes about their group. We pray they are not harmed by the implicit biases that may drive the behaviors of well-meaning caregivers. We remain steadfast in our belief and optimism for future multicultural communities that preserve and honor our cultural pasts and make room for creating an exciting and inclusive future.
Young Children and Trauma: Intervention and Treatment C. Gosh-Ippen & M. Lewis (2006) In J. D. Osofsky & K. Pruett (Eds.). Rainbows of Tears, Souls Full of Hope: Cultural Issues Related to Young Children and Trauma (pp. 11–45) New York, NY: Guilford Press
The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order J. L. Hochschild & V. Weaver (2007) Social Forces, 86(2), pp. 1–28
Trauma Reverberates: Psychosocial Evaluation of the Caregiving Environment of Young Children Exposed to Violence and Traumatic Loss M. L. Lewis (1996) In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), Island of Safety: Assessing and Treating Young Victims of Violence, April-May, 16(5), (pp. 21–28). Washington, DC: ZERO TO THREE, National Center for Clinical Infant Studies.
Violent Cities, Violent Streets: Children Draw Their Neighborhoods M. L. Lewis & J. D. Osofsky (1997) In J. D. Osofsky, (Ed.), Children in a violent society (pp. 277–298). New York, NY: Guilford Press
Working With Immigrant Latin-American Families Exposed to Trauma Using Child–Parent Psychotherapy C. R. Noroña (Fall 2011) The National Child Traumatic Stress Network: Spotlight on Culture
Multiple Social Identities and Stereotype Threat: Imbalance, Accessibility, and Working Memory R. J. Rydell, A. R. McConnell, & S. L. Beilock (2009) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 949–966. DOI 10.1037/a0014846.
Kids on Race: The Hidden Picture—A Look at Race Relations Through a Child’s Eyes CNN study that replicated the classic Doll study by Dr. Kenneth Clark demonstrating racial bias for white dolls and rejection of black dolls by both African American and White young children. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPVNJgfDwpw
Dark Girls Producer Bill Dukes Adult African American women recount their experiences of acceptance and rejection based on their dark skin color. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJSTT6H8gUA
Frontline: A Class Divided Describes Iowa 3rd grade teacher Jane Elliott’s experiment, “Brown Eyes Blue Eyes,” to teach children the experience of discrimination. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mcCLm_LwpE
About the Authors
Marva L. Lewis, PhD, is an associate professor in the Tulane University School of Social Work with a clinical appointment in the Tulane Department of Child Psychiatry. She is a former social worker in child protective services, trained in family therapy with the Colorado Institute for Marriage and Family therapy, and worked as a psychotherapist with the Colorado Infant Team and Tulane University Infant Team. Her research and publications focus on sociocultural influences on parent– child attachment relationships and the acceptance or rejection of infants and young children based on skin color and hair type.
Rhonda G. Norwood, PhD, LCSW, BACS, is an assistant professor of practice at the Louisiana State University School of Social Work. She earned her doctorate in social work at Louisiana State University. Dr. Norwood has 17 years of clinical and supervisory experience in a variety of agency settings and private practice. Her area of expertise is infant mental health, which includes working with young children and their families and perinatal mood disorders. Dr. Norwood’s area of research interest includes integrating effective interventions with child welfare services, parental representations of their children, and children’s narratives as representations of their relationships and worlds.
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Steele. C. M. (2004). Kenneth B. Clark’s context and mine: Toward a contextbased theory of social identity threat. In G. Philogène (Ed.), Racial identity in context: The legacy of Kenneth B. Cark. Decade of behavior (pp. 61–76). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Wolin, S. J., & Bennett, L. A. (1984). Family rituals. Family Process, 23(3), 401–420. doi:org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1984.00401.x
Zeanah, C. H., Boris, N., Heller, S. S., Hinshaw, S., Larrieu, J. Lewis, M. L.,… Valliere, J. (1997). Relationship assessment in infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 18(2), 182–197. | <urn:uuid:cb016a99-cc44-4d83-a900-0664840a9a0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/3097-when-i-go-to-heaven-i-ll-be-white-the-ethics-of-transracial-adoption-within-the-context-of-childhood-trauma-and-racial-identity-development | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.947393 | 10,319 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Communities receive GHHI Site Designation when cities, counties or states commit to standards and practices that support coordination of housing intervention programs and funds, and take concrete steps to incorporate the GHHI model in their partnership networks. The designation incentivizes integrative, holistic approaches to housing interventions, rewards innovative leaders and ultimately results in more green, safe and healthy homes and communities across the country. Outcomes of this work inform changes to national, state and local housing intervention standards and funding programs.
Once designated, sites drive implementation of the GHHI model, which harnesses city leaders’ desires to address broad problems holistically and provides the platform needed to tear down bureaucratic boundaries that preclude implementation of smarter, more efficient and more effective solutions.
Reasons for Implementing the GHHI Model
The GHHI model of aligning, braiding and coordinating healthy homes related services provides benefits at both the system and the family level:
- GHHI’s coordinated approach saves time and money because it reduces duplication of assessments, services and housing program resources.
- The GHHI model uses a single application for families to use to find and access the home intervention services that they need, thus reducing burdens on families and leading to streamlined data sharing for service providers.
- Once a family’s application is approved, a comprehensively trained assessor visits the home to triage household needs and identify services that should be provided, setting the family on an immediate path to a safer home and more equitable community.
- The GHHI model is drawing increased interest from philanthropic and private market sectors because it consistently demonstrates proven returns in energy savings and social, economic and health outcomes for children and families. | <urn:uuid:d7ae9665-effc-45be-b7fc-aa41960860c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greenandhealthyhomes.org/ghhisites/bring-ghhi-city/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.919652 | 350 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Statement on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
The Institute of Fine Arts at New York University is committed to creating an environment in which all members of our community—including students, staff, and faculty— can flourish and do their best and most exciting work. To this end, we seek to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in all aspects of our enterprise. This includes welcoming a diverse class of MA and PhD students each year, and working to foster channels for open communication in order to address their needs and concerns. We also seek to increase the diversity of our staff and faculty, and to rectify gaps and imbalances in our curriculum and pedagogical methods.
The last two years have seen the faculty respond to requests for more courses that address racial and gender issues, as well as courses that represent cultural exchange across a global spectrum. We will continue to keep these objectives at the forefront of our planning, as well as to revisit our pedagogical methods to make sure everyone in our courses is respected and heard. Our robust and varied public programming, most of which is organized by our students, also reflects a new emphasis on diverse perspectives and voices, as well as on programs that take up issues of interest to broad, international audiences. Recent exhibitions organized by our students have included the work of Latin American artists and African American women, and we now host workshops and forums on topics such as IFA Asia Contemporary and Gender and Sexuality, along with our many long-running seminars. A workshop on African and African Diasporic Art, to be organized by our students, is in the planning stage.
Conversations among the members of our community reveal that we have work to do to achieve our goals. We pledge to continue these conversations, and to renew our vigilance against all forms of discrimination (regarding race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic origin, religion, etc.)
We will also continue the work of confronting and eliminating the outmoded historical and intellectual assumptions of the disciplines we teach. We seek not only to create an Institute of Fine Arts that reflects our commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion, but to promote these values in the world beyond our school. It has been wonderful to see that these goals have received the full and enthusiastic support of our board of trustees, our alumni, and all of the Institute’s friends. | <urn:uuid:9055b508-de0f-4686-8323-87e10aa27b16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ifa.nyu.edu/news/diversity-equity-inclusion.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.969152 | 475 | 1.570313 | 2 |
The French in general are typically conservative when it comes to body language. However, despite the formality of French business culture, people tend to have smaller personal space and are happy to stand within arms length when speaking to one another. The personal space also varies between those living in the country (preferring more distance) to those in larger cities (happy with smaller distances) who tend to use the Metro and crowded places more often.
Moreover, do not be alarmed if your counterpart touches your shoulder or pats you on the arm, since this is commonplace and usually within the bounds of French business etiquette.
In France men tend to stand up, or at least indicate a move to do so, whenever a superior in terms of rank makes an entrance. This is a sign of respect and an opportunity to show your good posture, which is used as a sign of good upbringing and education.
Handshakes are expected as a form of greeting, however a more friendly greeting practice is kissing on the cheeks. When “air kissing” your cheeks can touch but not your lips – one kiss on each cheek – (across genders) starting with a kiss to your left first and then one to your right. The practice of kissing is also used as a greeting by colleagues at work on a daily basis. The kissing practice is not extended to unfamiliar people and if you are meeting for the first time, you should wait until your female counterparts have initiated the move – this is just a warm greeting and should not be interpreted as anything more than that.
Eye contact is important to show your trustworthiness and interest in the meeting, however, constant eye contact such as staring is considered inappropriate, especially during a first business meeting. Smiling has no impact in communicating a greeting or as a sign of agreement. Expressive use of hands to communicate should be kept to a minimum in most conversations.
As business people tend to be formal and conservative, business relationships are orderly and professional. Keep the hierarchy in mind and this will help you maintain proper distance and contact. | <urn:uuid:ad8c4dd1-bcba-4daa-aa1b-847f56a5e765> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ofrench.com/business-france/communication-making-contact-with-the-french/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.958868 | 414 | 2.203125 | 2 |
- To perform local sequence alignment between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences and find out structural or functional similarity.
The most commonly asked question in molecular biology is whether two given sequences are related or not, in order to identify their structure or function. The most simpler way to answer this question is to compare their sequences.
Sequence is a collection of nucleotides or amino acid residues which are connected with each other. Speaking biologically, a typical DNA/RNA sequence consist of nucleotides while a protein sequence consist of amino acids.
Sequencing is the process to determine the nucleotide or amino acid sequence of a DNA fragment or a protein. There are different experimental methods for sequencing, and the obtained sequence is submitted to different databases like NCBI, Genbank etc.
Methods of Sequencing:
Sequences stored in the database were obtained from different experimental methods. Most commonly used methods for DNA sequencing are Sanger Method and Maxam-Gilbert Method. Similarly Edman Degradation method and Mass Spectrometry technique are used for protein sequencing.
Sanger Method (dideoxy chain termination method): Here 4 test tubes are taken labelled with A, T, G and C. Into each of the test tubes, DNA has to be added in denatured form (single strands). Next a primer is to be added which anneals to one of the strand in template. The 3' end of the primer accomodates the dideoxy nucleotides [ddNTPs] (specific to each tube) as well as deoxy nucleotides randomly. When the ddNTP's gets attached to the growing chain, the chain terminates due to lack of 3'OH which forms the phospho diester bond with the next nucleotide. Thus small strands of DNA are formed. Electrophoresis is done and the sequence order can be obtained by analysing the bands in the gel based on the molecular weight. The primer or one of the nucleotides can be radioactively or fluorescently labeled also, so that the final product can be detected from the gel easily and the sequence can be inferred.
Maxam-Gilbert (Chemical degradation method): This method requires denatured DNA fragment whose 5' end is radioactively labeled. This fragment is then subjected to purification before proceeding for chemical treatment which results in a series of labeled fragments. Electrophoresis technique helps in arranging the fragments based on their molecular weight. To view the fragments, gel is exposed to X-ray film for autoradiography. A series of dark bands will appear, each corresponding to a radio labeled DNA fragment, from which the sequence can be inferred.
Edman Degradation reaction: The reaction finds the order of amino acids in a protein by cleaving each amino acid from the N-terminal without distrubing the bonds in the protein. After each clevage, chromatography or electrophoresis is done to identify the amino acid.
Mass Spectrometry: It is used to determine the mass of particle, composition of molecule and for finding the chemical structures of molecules like peptides and other chemical compounds. Based on the mass to charge ratio, one can identify the amino acids in a protein.
Sequence Alignment and importance:
Sequence Alignment or sequence comparison lies at heart of the bioinformatics, which describes the way of arrangement of DNA/RNA or protein sequences, in order to identify the regions of similarity among them. It is used to infer structural, functional and evolutionary relationship between the sequences. Alignment finds similarity level between query sequence and different database sequences. The algorithm works by dynamic programming approach which divides the problem into smaller independent sub problems. It finds the alignment more quantitatively by assigning scores.
When a new sequence is found, the structure and function can be easily predicted by doing sequence alignment. Since it is believed that, a sequence sharing common ancestor would exhibit similar structure or function. Greater the sequence similarity, greater is the chance that they share similar structure or function.
Methods of Sequence Alignment:
There are mainly two methods of Sequence Alignment:
Global Alignment: Closely related sequences which are of same length are very much appropriate for global alignment. Here, the alignment is carried out from beginning till end of the sequence to find out the best possible alignment.
Local Alignment: Sequences which are suspected to have similarity or even dissimilar sequences can be compared with local alignment method. It finds the local regions with high level of similarity.
These two methods of alignments are defined by different algorithms, which use scoring matrices to align the two different series of characters or patterns (sequences). The two different alignment methods are mostly defined by Dynamic programming approach for aligning two different sequences.
Dynamic programming is used for optimal alignment of two sequences. It finds the alignment in a more quantitative way by giving some scores for matches and mismatches (Scoring matrices), rather than only applying dots. By searching the highest scores in the matrix, alignment can be accurately obtained. The Dynamic Programming solves the original problem by dividing the problem into smaller independent sub problems. These techniques are used in many different aspects of computer science. Needleman-Wunsch and Smith-Waterman algorithms for sequence alignment are defined by dynamic programming approach.
Smith Waterman algorithm was first proposed by Temple F. Smith and Michael S. Waterman in 1981. The algorithm explains the local sequence alignment, it gives conserved regions between the two sequences, and one can align two partially overlapping sequences, also it’s possible to align the subsequence of the sequence to itself. These are the main advantages of Local Sequence Alignment.
This algorithm mainly differs within two aspects from the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. First aspect being, local alignment differs by having only a negative score for the mismatch and when the matrix value becomes negative it has to be set to zero (need to take maximum value of the scorings compared with zero). They are also predefined scoring matrices for nucleotide or protein sequences.
In optimal alignment procedures, mostly Needleman-Wunsch and Smith-Waterman algorithms use scoring system. For nucleotide sequence alignment, the scoring matrices used are relatively simpler since the frequency of mutation for all the bases are equal. Positive or higher value is assigned for a match and a negative or a lower value is assigned for mismatch. These assumption based scores can be used for scoring the matrices. There are other scoring matrices which are predefined mostly, used in the case of amino acid substitutions.
Mainly used predefined matrices are PAM and BLOSUM.
PAM Matrices: Margaret Dayhoff was the first one to develop the PAM matrix, PAM stands for Point Accepted Mutations. PAM matrices are calculated by observing the differences in closely related proteins. One PAM unit (PAM1) specifies one accepted point mutation per 100 amino acid residues, i.e. 1% change and 99% remains as such.
BLOSUM: BLOcks SUbstitution Matrix, developed by Henikoff and Henikoff in 1992, used conserved regions. These matrices are actual percentage identity values. Simply to say, they depend on similarity. Blosum 62 means there is 62 % similarity.
Gap score or gap penalty: Dynamic programming algorithms use gap penalties to maximize the biological meaning. Gap penalty is subtracted for each gap that has been introduced. There are different gap penalties such as gap open and gap extension. The gap score defines a penalty given to alignment when we have insertion or deletion. During the evolution, there may be a case where we can see continuous gaps all along the sequence, so the linear gap penalty would not be appropriate for the alignment. Thus gap open and gap extension has been introduced when there are continuous gaps (five or more). The open penalty is always applied at the start of the gap, and then the other gaps following it is given with a gap extension penalty which will be less compared to the open penalty. Typical values are –12 for gap opening, and –4 for gap extension.
Assumed scoring schemas: If the residues (nucleotide or amino acids) are same in both the sequences the match score is assumed (Si,j) as +5 which is added to the diagonally positioned cell of the current cell (i, j position). If the residues are not same, the mismatch score is assumed as -3. This score should be added to the diagonally positioned cell of the current cell. The gap penalty score is assumed as -4 which is added to left and above positioned cells of the current cell. These scores are not unique, they can be user defined also, but the mismatch and gap penalty should be the negative values.
Working of Smith-Waterman Algorithm :
Intialization of Matrix
The basic steps for the algorithm are similar to that of Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. The steps are:
1. Initialization of a matrix.
2. Matrix Filling with the appropriate scores.
3. Trace back the sequences for a suitable alignment.
To study the Local sequence alignment consider the given below sequences.
CGTGAATTCAT (sequence#1 or A)
GACTTAC (sequence #2 or B)
The two sequences are arranged in a matrix form with A+1columns and B+1rows. The values in the first row and first column are set to zero as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Initialization of Matrix
i,j describes row and columns.
M is the matrix value of the required cell (stated as Mi,j)
S is the score of the required cell (Si, j)
W is the gap alignment
The second and crucial step of the algorithm is filling the entire matrix, so it is more important to know the neighbor values (diagonal, upper and left) of the current cell to fill each and every cell.
As per the assumptions stated earlier, fill the entire matrix using the assumed scoring schema and initial values. One can fill the 1st row and 1st column with the scoring matrix as follows.
The first residue (nucleotides or amino acids) in both sequences is ‘C’ and ‘G’, the matching score or the mismatching score is going to be added the neighboring value which is diagonally located i.e. 0. The upper and left values are added to the gap penalty score from the matrix. So the scoring schema equation can be shown as follows.
From the above calculations the maximum value obtained is 0. Finding the maximum value for Mi,j position, one can notice that there is no chance to see any negative values in the matrix, since we are taking 0 as lowest value.
After filling the matrix, keep the pointer back to the cell from where the maximum score has been determined. In the similar fashion fill all the values of the matrix of the cell.
For the example the matrix can be filled is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Matrix filling with back pointers
Each cell is back pointed by one or more pointers from where the maximum score has been obtained.
Trace backing the sequences for an optimal alignment:
The final step for the appropriate alignment is trace backing, prior to that one needs to find out the maximum score obtained in the entire matrix for the local alignment of the sequences.It is possible that the maximum scores can be present in more than one cell, in that case there may be possibility of two or more alignments, and the best alignment by scoring it.
In this example we can see the maximum score in the matrix as 18, which is found in two positions that lead to multiple alignments, so the best alignment has to be found.
So the trace back begins from the position which has the highest value, pointing back with the pointers, thus find out the possible predecessor, then move to next predecessor and continue until we reach the score 0 (Figure 3).
Figure 3: Trace back of first possible alignment
It is possible to find two pointers pointing out from one cell, where both ways(alignments) can be considered, best one is found by scoring and finding maximum score among them.
Figure 4: Trace back of second possible alignment
Thus a local alignment is obtained and one can see the possible alignments as in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Scoring for best alignment
The two alignments can be given with a score, for matching as +5 , mismatch as -3 and gap penalty as -4, sum up all the individual scores and the alignment which has maximum score after this can be taken as the best alignment.
By summing up the scores both of the alignments are giving the same as 18, so one can predict both alignments are the best. | <urn:uuid:614659e4-0217-484e-8fdf-e26d1ecf1ce7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=3&brch=274&sim=1433&cnt=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.929125 | 2,664 | 3.734375 | 4 |
ROME (JTA) — The years-long battle that ended recently with the dismissal of the chief rabbi of Turin, Italy, highlights a 21st-century identity crisis afflicting the oldest Jewish community in the Diaspora.
Rabbi Alberto Somekh, who like all recognized rabbis in Italy is Orthodox, had served as chief rabbi in Turin since 1992. But critics said he had antagonized a sizable segment of the city’s largely non-observant 900-member Jewish community with a confrontational personal style.
His ouster last month marked the first-ever dismissal of a chief rabbi in an Italian Jewish community. It focused attention on the challenges facing Italian Jews, ranging from intermarriage, falling birth rates and budget woes to factionalism, political infighting, and sharp divisions over religious practice and Orthodoxy.
In particular, some have become disaffected by what they say is a lack of pluralism and increased Orthodox rigidity in the official community, alienating many.
“Italian Jewry was always nominally Orthodox but it accepted everybody, observant or not, under one umbrella,” Daniele Nahum, 27, the recently elected vice president of the Milan Jewish community, told JTA. “Now, however, the rabbis here have been adopting a more conservative mentality, and this has pushed some people toward Reform or Chabad.”
The Jewish presence in Italy dates back to ancient Roman times. Approximately 30,000 Jews now live in the country, but only about 25,000 are formally affiliated with Italy’s official Jewish communities in cities such as Turin, Milan and Rome — and the number dwindles from year to year. Most Jews live in Rome, with about 12,000 affiliated, and Milan, with about 6,000 affiliated.
Italy has no national chief rabbi, but the post of chief rabbi exists as a tenured position in some of the 21 communities linked under the umbrella of the Union of Italian Jewish Communities, or UCEI. The UCEI leadership serves as the official political representative of Italian Jewry.
About three years ago, when the community’s lay leadership initiated attempts to oust Somekh from the Turin post, Turin Jewish community president Tullio Levi accused Somekh of “attitudes of ill-concealed or even open contempt” for less observant members of the community, as well as a “serious lack of sensitivity and consideration” for their problems.
Community leaders formally ordered Somekh’s dismissal in early 2009, but rabbi appealed — his appeal was rejected last month. While Rome Chief Rabbi Riccardo Di Segni said the decision had nothing to do with Somekh’s Orthodoxy or alleged rigidity, Somekh had become a symbol of the lack of openness to non-Orthodox Jewish practice.
Somekh himself declined to comment about the issue, but told JTA he “feels good” and is moving on. Orthodoxy historically has been the only recognized Jewish stream in Italy, and the Somekh incident illustrates tensions between the official Orthodox establishment and parts of the broader Jewish population.
“The leadership of the Italian Jewish community is very concerned that it continues to be recognized by the Israeli rabbinical establishment as being Orthodox,” said Lisa Palmieri Billig, the American Jewish Committee’s representative in Rome. “But the fact is that a very large section of Italian Jews behave as Reform or Liberal Jews would in other countries, or are totally secular. At the moment, a feeling of belonging to an emotionally cohesive, culturally unified ‘ethnic’ group is lacking.”
One especially painful controversy in a country where the rate of intermarriage is high stemmed from rabbinical decisions over the past few years that have barred or sharply limited the conversion of young children of non-Jewish mothers in mixed marriages.
“In Venice 30 years or so ago, it was sufficient to say to the community that you wanted your child to be Jewish,” Anna Vera Sullam, a Venice Jewish community leader, told JTA. “Now it’s much stricter. Child conversion doesn’t exist anymore.”
Others see the problem differently. More than 250 people, for example, joined a Facebook group set up to support Somekh after his dismissal was made final.
“It’s clear that a great part of the community has lost the intellectual tools to comprehend the role of a rabbi according to Jewish tradition,” one member, Paolo Schiunnach, wrote on Facebook. “Rabbis are not just salaried functionaries, with merely pastoral and preaching roles,” he wrote.
“The rabbi is a scholar who has received smicha and is authorized to decide on community needs and general and particular halachah,” or Jewish law. Dario Calimani, a member of the UCEI council, said inconsistency and lack of communication in the Italian Rabbinate itself is part of the problem.
“In Italy there is no national mark for kashrut, there is no unified policy on conversion, there is no halachic coordination in general or synergy in the cultural field, there is no agreed policy regarding relations with the Catholic Church,” Calimani wrote in a recent edition of the Turin Jewish magazine Ha Keillah.
“In a community as small as that in Italy, coordinated solutions should be sought,” he said. “Instead, we see kashrut treated as a purely commercial question, and conversions that provoke communal crises or are resolved outside the rules.” Rabbis themselves recognize many of these problems.
“Kashrut is an issue,” said Rabbi Elia Richetti, the chief rabbi of Venice and newly elected president of the Italian Rabbinical Assembly. “And we need training for kosher butchers and mohelim. We also need closer contacts among the rabbis around the country.” In this regard, he added, “I think it would be helpful to create a website for the Rabbinical Assembly.”
Italy’s Jewish establishment also appears to lack a strategy on how to deal with the small new Reform congregations that have cropped up over the past few years in Milan and a few other cities. Though not recognized or funded by the UCEI, several of them offer increasingly broad services, including conversion, and they reach out to intermarried Jews and others who feel alienated by official communal institutions. Chabad, meanwhile, has been a well-established presence in Italy for more than 50 years and is very active in Rome, Milan, Venice and other cities. But it, too, operates outside the official Jewish establishment.
In an attempt to tackle at least some key problems, the UCEI has mandated an overhaul of the official statute that governs organized Jewish communal life. A special UCEI commission was charged with the job, and in recent months its work has generated considerable debate in the community.
Much of the statute reform targets organizational issues, but also under discussion are relations between rabbis and their communities, including possible term limits for chief rabbis. Jewish central institutions must “open themselves to an external society that is ever more complex, globalized and multi-ethnic,” UCEI president Renzo Gattegna said in an official report in 2008.
They must also, he said, “abandon those old prejudices, those old parochialisms and those misunderstandings between larger and smaller communities that have ended up diminishing the potential of Italian Jews.”
“There’s an enormous demographic crisis” in Italian Jewry, Guido Vitale, the editor of the Jewish monthly Pagine Ebraiche, told JTA. But in the end, he said, “it’s values that count, not numbers.” | <urn:uuid:5eea9dba-4e31-4385-ad7a-4d3c5086619c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://azjewishpost.com/2010/question-in-italy-how-do-we-reach-orthodox-jews/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.964331 | 1,644 | 2 | 2 |
MS Stories: Tim’s Journey to Walk Again
This video made by Jack Barton is all about Jack’s father, Tim. Tim was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis nine years ago and has to undergo monthly intravenous treatments to keep his MS stable. He talks about coming to terms with the disease, how the diagnosis affected his family, how little information there is about the condition, and how a positive mindset helps him through his MS journey.
Jack has set up a Facebook group called the “Positive Wobbly Warriors” which aims to share ways that newly diagnosed and established MS patients can change the way they view their condition and get the best out of their lives, as well as offer support and advice to each other.
Multiple Sclerosis News Today is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. | <urn:uuid:f0397942-42f1-401e-aeb4-7e76413773d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/2017/10/30/ms-stories-tims-journey-walk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.972905 | 240 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Few months before i installed Pega 7.1.7 without any issue and was working on the excerise. Recently i had issues in my system, so i downloaded the Pega 7.1.7 again and tried to install . But when i click the Install.BAT file to install the Pega 7.1.7 i'm getting the below error.
"Windows cannot find 'C:\Users\Janaki\AppData\Local\Temp\wzfe9c\jdk1.7.0_71\bin\java' Make sure you typed the name correctly , and then try again " .
A) I downloaded Pega 7.1.7 in E drive and i have Jdk1.7.0._71 also in E drive , but when i click the Install.BAT file i'm getting the above error message which is showing it as "C" drive . Can some one help me to know when i click the Install.BAT file by default how it is refering the above the path and from where it is getting this path.
B) Aswell could you please let me know before Installing PEGA in our system, do i need to Install JAVA in my system, bcz in the Zip file which i downloaded for pega 7.1.7 also holds the Jdk188.8.131.52 file.
Before installing JDK 1.7, make sure whether the installation exists on your system. From command prompt, execute Java command and check whether it shows java usage commands. if that's case, check you existing JAVA_HOME by executing echo %JAVA_HOME% before running install.bat
If JDK 1.7 is not available in your system, set the JAVA_HOME to JDK 1.7 folder that came with the installer package and try executing install.bat | <urn:uuid:a7a4ee5b-6d9c-4011-9f33-f3a731d9577d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.pega.com/discussion/installation-issue-pega-717-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.866606 | 399 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Learning to play roulette can be a relatively painless experience, just
so long as the ones teaching you don't have a bias. Many who claim they
wish to teach you how to play roulette are actually pushing a system.
To read up on systems and how to use them effectively visit our roulette
system section. Why should you read this page then? What's my hidden agenda?
It's relatively innocent, no worries, I just throw some advertising up
on my site in the hopes that if someone does want to play roulette online,
they'll get there from here. So to help you out, on this page we cover
how to place your bets, what you need to know to do it smoothly, and the
value of each option.
Placing your bets
Like all table games you can play at the casino, roulette has what are known as 'table limits'. These limits define how little you must bet at the table, and how much you are allowed to bet. You may be confused as to why casinos would limit the upper amount of what you may spend at one time when you play roulette, but that little secret is revealed on our roulette systems page. The lower limit at a roulette table comes into effect in two different ways: one for inside bets, and another for outside bets. You are required to play the table minimum at least on each of your outside bets; on inside bets the total of all of your bets must meet or exceed the table minimum. This bit of information is all you need to know in order to start to play roulette.
As we know, there are two types of bet you can place when you play roulette: outside bets and inside bets. Lets start by looking at the inside bets. The inside bets are made up of specific numbers or combinations of numbers within the number layout, or along the border of it. Remember, the total of all of your bets must add up to at least the table minimum. This means if your table minimum is five dollars, you can put one dollar down on five different numbers and be ok. The same is not true for outside bets.
Straight-Up bet - This is the bet you may think of first in roulette. Pick a single number, and if it comes up you win. This bet pays back at 35 to 1.
Split bet - This bet allows you to place a single bet on two different numbers if those numbers are beside each other on the table layout. To play this bet put your chips down on the line between them. This bet pays 17 to 1 if either of your chosen numbers come up.
Street bet - This bet is just like the split bet, but you're splitting over three numbers. You accomplish this by placing chips on the outside of the row of numbers you want to bet on. So if you want to bet on the numbers 1, 2, and 3 all at once, put your chips down on the line that is the outside edge of the 3. This bet pays 11 to 1.
Corner bet - The corner bet is another combination wager, letting you bet on four adjoining numbers. Placing your chips at the point where four numbers meet will indicate you want a corner bet. This is sometimes referred to as a square bet. If any of the four numbers come up, you're paid 8 to 1.
Fiver number bet - There is only one five number bet available, and as such, it's referred to as the five number bet. To play this bet put your chips at the intersection of 0 and 1 on the corner (not the corner that joins with two, but the other one). You can win if any of 0, 00, 1, 2, or 3 are hit. You are paid 6 to 1. Sadly this is bet has a higher house edge of any others when you play roulette.
To read more about how to play roulette, including details on outside bets, read on... | <urn:uuid:f78d9d3c-809e-475a-94fb-e00b27f40e53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://roulette-game.net/play_roulette.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.941924 | 820 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Everyone is familiar with experiencing pain. Sometimes, pain is easy to account for if a finger has been burnt or a toe has been stubbed. At other times, pain is less obvious. The pain of toothache cannot be seen, but it is very real to whoever experiences it.
What types of Pain are There?
Specific terms are used for different types of pain. Short term pain, such as a bruised arm, is called acute pain. Long-term pain is called persistent or chronic pain. Pain that comes and goes, like a headache, is called recurrent pain.
Sometimes, pain can be a useful signal that something is wrong. If an athlete needs to rest an overused leg muscle, pain can provide an important message to rest the leg until it has had time to heal. In contrast, persistent pain appears to serve no useful purpose, but has a huge effect on the lives of many people.
When pain continues for a long time, it can affect every part of life in how a person copes with it. It can affect ability to work, relationships with family and friends, activity levels and sleep. This can have an overwhelming effect, causing a cycle of increasing pain and distress.
How to Deal with Long Term Pain?
It is important that the individual works alongside relevant health professionals in order that the condition is managed in the best way. Sometimes, pain cannot be removed, but at least, it can be minimised, and strategies put in place for managing the situation as well as possible. It is sometimes necessary to try a number of options to see if they bring some relief. This is not because the healthcare professionals do not understand the nature of pain, but because pain is a complex subject and every individual experience of pain is different.
So – Who can help? General Practitioners (GPs) may help with pain issues in a number of ways, often being the first port of call for help. The GP may prescribe medication or suggest a number of options for further help. Specialist pain clinics exist in hospitals and at NHS clinics. At these clinics, doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, psychologists and occupational therapists all contribute to pain management. Professionals include: Pain specialists, Psychologists, Physiotherapists, Osteopaths and Chiropractors, Specialist pain nurses, Occupational therapists (OT) and Pharmacists. If you're interested in the way the human body processes pain, perhaps our Anatomy and Physiology course is great for getting you started! | <urn:uuid:b69a3a6f-25c6-4c0b-b9d7-30c4615a6120> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://adlonlinecourses.com/understanding-pain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.961513 | 510 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Unforgettable home family meal
Spring Festival, is every year to go home.The memory of the countryside, has always been: far to see rows of low brick houses standing there, such as a day for decades, the wind and rain is not surprised, to meet the return of the homeless.Wisps of smoke rose from the rooftops, or floated away, or curled among the bare treetops at the end of the village, like auspicious clouds of happiness, heralding the endless life.Today’s village, in front of my eyes, there are not only tall buildings, villas with red tiles and white walls, but also low bungalows, which add a historical symbol to the village in my memory.During the Spring Festival, people from all over the country, like migratory birds, rush back home even thousands of miles away.The Chinese New Year in the countryside, according to the custom of laba is the year, laba festival, began to busy: killing chicken and sheep, frying stew, melon seeds candy……Everything has to be there.Women would spend all their savings, dress themselves up, go out on the street, show off, praise each other, compete with each other.Then the old wives and sisters have something to talk about. Whose wife is handsome, whose man makes money, whose girl marries well, and who has a good wife.Men’s life is much simpler, the rhythm is slow, in addition to drinking and playing cards, is standing in the street in the warm sun, old and young men talk about the daily work.From time to time from the street came the hearty laughter of men.Rural areas have kowtow after the New Year, the custom of walking relatives string friends, which is also the highlight of the Rural New Year.After the New Year’s Eve, the younger generation to pay New Year’s greetings to their elders, whether neighbors or relatives, to worship.When it comes to visiting relatives, feasts are inevitable, and drinking is the classic part of the banquet.As long as those who come from afar are guests, they should drink a drink first, which is called: receiving the wind;Add at least one scene in the middle, meaning: catch up;Parting time again, said: see off.The theme of each session is different, and the style of drinking is also quite different.Northerner’s dinner table, drinking is the most hi.Especially men’s wine table, they have a lot of rules, at the beginning of the first in accordance with the order in order to sit, and then the elders to say a few polite opening words, set the rules of drinking, roughly is how to drink the first cup of wine, a few mouth to drink, what the implication, then the younger generation will echo with it.During this period of nature, the necessary northern wine table line of drinking rules: what “guests drink drunk, or the host more ashamed”, what “people walk in the river’s lake, can not leave the wine”, what “wine bosom friend thousand cups less, can drink how much to drink”…Of course, no matter how “fancy” exhortation words, as long as the persuaded stick to the bottom line, nature is attacked but not broken, because the body is the capital of revolution.I still remember that every time it was my turn to entertain guests, my parents would decorate the courtyard in the early morning, with lights and decorations, making the New Year atmosphere stronger and stronger.Parents are a month into the lunar New Year began to prepare goods: meat vegetarian, sweet spicy, hot cool, the elderly eat children eat……It’s everything.You can usually go to a restaurant in a village or town, but you should never eat at home for the Spring Festival — only at home can you enjoy the taste of home and the real taste of family love.Many friends and relatives, to put a few tables, manpower is not enough, that is to ask the master in advance.They would set up a cooking stove in the courtyard, jingling, bustling.Whenever this time, the chef will keep Shouting the name of the dish: braised chicken with potatoes, braised lamb, steamed Yellow River carp, green pepper meat……These are some traditional local recipes. The country dishes are not very delicate, but the simplicity of the north will make you feel endless.There will be several big round tables or square tables, a table for the elderly, a table for the young, a table for women, children.The dishes are the same, but the wine is different. The elderly shout for soy sauce, the young shout for strong wine, and the women and children drink wine and drinks.While the men smoked and drank, the women ate and chatted, occasionally helping out the little guys who passed the food, cheerfully boasting about who had grown taller and who had aced college.Bursts of laughter followed one another in a joyous mood.The scene reminded me of a local brew I made when I was a child called Hongfa Yong, which was a favorite of my father’s generation and had been popular for many years.Up to now think of his father drink that wine demeanor, than now drink Maotai, Wuliangye are intoxicated.I think it must have been the best wine at the time!Now the wisp of wine still mean, it is a strong taste of home, it is the soul that leads you home!Deep feelings, always have endless topics to talk about, drink and chat, time flies.The children were the first to leave the table. They were free and contented, and went off to play their own ways.Next came the women’s table, where aunts and grannies also left the table early to chat and eat sunflower seeds.Grandparents, perhaps unable to endure fatigue or too much alcohol, have already put down their glasses, smoking while narrowing their eyes, some of them chatting, some of them even sitting on the ground drowsy.Every time at this time, there will be several young and strong young man to help the old man, while saying a blessing, while sending the old man home to sober up.Morale is high to the father’s wine table, sunset, has not ended the show.Some of them are guessing, some are bragging, some are singing, although the tone is not perfect, in return is still bursts of applause…Happiness in this moment of infinite expansion, the air filled with the taste of affection!In recent years, the topic of young people’s drinking table is not only about “drinking table culture”, but more about rural construction, respecting the elderly and caring for the young, and harmonious neighborhood.Those promising villagers installed new street lamps for the old streets and hutongs in their hometown, renovated Bridges, and organized a series of activities such as “I offer love to my hometown”, “Pay attention to the elderly in the village”, and “Enrich the people with me”.Every holiday, they or come from thousands of miles away, or entrust others to visit those in need of assistance in the village elderly, for them to offer a love, send a blessing.It’s the Spring Festival again, and I’m looking forward to the blooming of the epidemic, peace and prosperity!Then, drive home, get drunk…Zhang Xiuling, yuncheng No. 1 Middle school language teacher in Shandong Province, a senior teacher in primary and secondary schools.Heze excellent teachers, the most beautiful teachers in Heze.Work hard and live happily! | <urn:uuid:a421623e-b354-4238-9edf-c2e704330e59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.ogvifjj.cn/2022/07/03/Unforgettable-home-family-meal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.963582 | 1,614 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Crescent ♑ Capricorn
Previous main lunar phase is the New Moon before 6 days on 4 October 2070 at 07:01.
Moon rises in the morning and sets in the evening. It is visible toward the southwest in early evening.
Lunar disc appears visually 8.4% narrower than solar disc. Moon and Sun apparent angular diameters are ∠1768" and ∠1922".
Next Full Moon is the Hunter Moon of October 2070 after 9 days on 19 October 2070 at 18:59.
There is low ocean tide on this date. Sun and Moon gravitational forces are not aligned, but meet at big angle, so their combined tidal force is weak.
The Moon is 6 days young. Earth's natural satellite is moving from the beginning to the first part of current synodic month. This is lunation 875 of Meeus index or 1828 from Brown series.
The length of the lunation is 29 days, 15 hours and 41 minutes. It is 2 hours and 30 minutes shorter than the next lunation's length. The lengths of the following synodic months are going to increasing with the true anomaly getting closer to the value it has at the point of New Moon at apogee (∠180°).
The length of the current synodic month is 2 hours and 57 minutes longer than the mean synodic month length. It is 4 hours and 6 minutes shorter compared to 21st century's longest synodic month length.
At the beginning of the lunation cycle the true anomaly is ∠100.2°. At the beginning of next synodic month the true anomaly is going to be ∠134.9°.
Moon is at apogee at 07:45. It is 15 days after previous perigee on 24 September 2070 at 22:02 in ♉ Taurus. Lunar orbit is going to narrow while the Moon is moving towards the Earth over the next 11 days, until point of next perigee on 22 October 2070 at 03:04 in ♊ Gemini.
This apogee Moon is 404 811 km (251 538 mi) away from Earth. It is 597 km further than the mean apogee distance, but it is still 1 898 km closer than the farthest apogee of 21st century.
5 days after ascending node on 4 October 2070 at 16:29 in ♎ Libra. The Moon is located north of the ecliptic over the following 8 days, until the lunar orbit crosses from North to South in descending node on 19 October 2070 at 01:49 in ♈ Aries.
5 days since the beginning of current draconic month in ♎ Libra, the Moon is navigating from the beginning to the first part of the cycle.
At 08:55 the Moon is meeting its standstill point to reach South declination of ∠-18.377°. This is the year's southernmost lunar standstill of 2070. Over the next 13 days the lunar orbit is going to extend northward to face maximum declination of ∠18.400° at the point of next standstill in ♊ Gemini on 23 October 2070 at 19:48.
In 9 days on 19 October 2070 at 18:59 in ♈ Aries the Moon is going to be in a Full Moon geocentric opposition with the Sun and thus forming the next Sun-Earth-Moon syzygy alignment. | <urn:uuid:20f796ca-9c45-492b-a8ba-9de70d1d42f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lunaf.com/lunar-calendar/2070/10/10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.925158 | 740 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits