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[FOM] PA Incompleteness
bjstande at artsci.wustl.edu
Tue Oct 16 17:27:46 EDT 2007
> Date: Mon, 15 Oct 2007 12:39:30 -0400
> From: Harvey Friedman <friedman at math.ohio-state.edu>
> Subject: Re: [FOM] PA Incompleteness
> To: fom <fom at cs.nyu.edu>
> Message-ID: <C3391002.19223%friedman at math.ohio-state.edu>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
> On 10/14/07 8:03 PM, "Feng Ye" <yefeng at phil.pku.edu.cn> wrote:
>> I am always wondering what will be the answer if 'normal mathematics' is
>> replaced by 'mathematics with potential applications in sciences', or
>> 'mathematics relevant to this physical universe'. The problem is that
>> current independent propositions are related to fast growing functions,
>> the scope of the physical universe that sciences are dealing with is so
>> 'ridiculously small' from the mathematical point of view.
> I have a couple of remarks about this.
> 1. The idea that time may never end, or may go on for a very long time, is
> now present in a lot of discussions by cosmologists. In particular, I have
> seen numbers indicating how long all of the black holes will take to
> evaporate, etcetera, and if I recall properly, those numbers were
> like 10^(10^100), considerably larger than what you usually see in
I think this is actually the timescale for protons to turn into black
holes, assuming all other mechanisms of proton decay are suppressed. The
timescale for black hole evaporation is "only" about 10^80.
> 2. I now work on Pi01 independence results. I can sometimes show, or hope
> show, that for somewhat reasonable n, if we restrict the Pi01 statement to
> [1,2,...,n], thereby getting a Pi00 sentence, the sentence is
> of ZFC in the sense that it can be proved with large cardinals, but has no
> proof in ZFC with fewer than 2^1000 symbols. Numbers like 10^(10^100) may
> give me enough wiggle room to accomplish this.
It seems to me that this is the opposite of what you would need to do, to
get "relevant" results. You would get a simple proof of some "irrelevant"
combinatorial result (since the witnesses are bounded by 2^(2^1000), far
greater than the number of elementary particles in the universe) from
large cardinals, and any proof of the result from ZFC must be of
immense-but-still-relevant length (if the Universe continues to exist for
2^(2^1000) years, it doesn't really matter that a proof contains 2^1000
symbols; you still have plenty of time to mull it over).
But what you want is a simple proof of some "relevant" combinatorial
result (so the witnesses should be at most 2^1000 or so, preferably even
less) but the shortest proof in ZFC needs at least 2^2^1000 symbols, and
hence is not really "relevant" even in this hypothetical eternal universe.
The latter has a more "pure mathematics" interpretation as well: it
amounts to showing that ZFC can't prove the result by any means more
efficient than a brute force search for solutions, assuming the theorem
involves subsets of cardinal equal to the witness.
--Bennett Standeven, Washington University in Saint Louis.
More information about the FOM | <urn:uuid:3e3542d2-1ba1-4637-b6e5-f5ab10ccb296> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.cs.nyu.edu/pipermail/fom/2007-October/012060.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00211-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899792 | 832 | 1.554688 | 2 |
A collection of distilled sarcastic wisdom, numerous photographs, discussions of books and stuff to learn and more stuff to think about from a retired economics professor turned blogger and photographer.
For ducks and many birds, the males get all the plumage and the females are drab gray or brown or some other dingy color. For humans, men wear drab and colorless clothes and women dress like peacocks. Why is that?
When I had just finished a master's degree in agricultural economics from Montana State University in 1954, I was hired at the ripe old age of 21 as an instructor in agricultural economics at then-named Colorado A & M (now Colorado State University). When I arrived in Fort Collins the Friday before school started, my department head handed me a textbook in introductory agricultural economics and told me I would be teaching two large sections of 90 students each, five days a week each class, beginning the Monday after. Many of my students were Korean War veterans and most were at least a couple of years older than I was, many in their middle to late 20s. I was treated amazingly respectably and thus was baptized into the teaching profession, a profession I would not leave for 45 years. In the summer, I was working on a research program collecting sheep marketing data from sheep ranchers throughout the state of Colorado. I drove about every mountain pass and valley, and every desert range. The Black Canyon of the Gunnison is and was one of the most awesome sights in Colorado. This picture was taken in the mid-1950s with whatever camera I then had.
Compare the above photo I took with the inlaid marquetry picture below, one of the very first of what ultimately became hundreds of pictures my Dad made. The picture with the simple design below was made in 1935 and used by my parents to pay a doctor bill. The doctor's daughter returned the picture to me many decades later and my sister and her husband refinished it. I think I had my dad's picture composition in mind when I saw the dead pine overlooking the valley in the photo above. | <urn:uuid:df655565-e171-457b-abb6-534c9da9f1ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dmblood.typepad.com/the_curmudgeonly_professo/archives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00138-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980153 | 418 | 1.71875 | 2 |
|On the phone with a good friend of mine, Manveer Wasson, joking around about the usual an idea hit us both that would prove to be a challenging yet extremely beneficial experiment.|
|At the time of testing the Canopus Spectra 2500 I found myself admiring the excellent design of the heatsink/fan combo Canopus outfitted their first Riva TNT based card with, Manveer poked a little fun at my extreme admiration of the fan by telling me to develop my own cooling solution.|
This is when the idea hit us, nVidia developed the Riva TNT with the intention of running the chip at a 125MHz clock speed, so why not give it a try at that clock speed? Due to the price of 0.25 micron silicon real-estate, and the increasing pressure to release a competitor to 3Dfx's Voodoo2, nVidia was forced to ship the TNT manufactured on 0.35 micron silicon wafers. The greater the thickness of the silicon manufacturing process, the more heat the processor will generate, and therefore nVidia managed to eliminate the possibility of running their highly anticipated TNT chip at the 125MHz they originally proposed. Here's where the problems begin.
Proposing an Acceptable Alternative
You must keep in mind that nVidia built the TNT to run at 125MHz, unlike the Voodoo2 which was designed to run in the 90 - 95MHz range and unlike most system microprocessors which are designed to run at their official clock speed alone, the TNT was manufactured with the intention of being run at 125MHz. Once the first revisions of the literally flaming 0.35 micron silicon hit the hands of the engineers it was obvious that a change in the recommended clock speed had to be made. Initially the change was supposed to be from 125MHz down to 100MHz, however instability at 100MHz required that the drop from 125MHz down to double digits be made in order to ship a reliable product. Just about a week before releasing the TNT chipset to the public, nVidia changed their recommended clock setting once again, this time to 90MHz to increase stability.
A Lower Clock Speed Means Lower Performance
As you might be able to guess, this drop in clock speed also resulted in a drop in performance. The original specifications for the Riva TNT chip indicated a 250 million pixels per second fill rate which would put it over the top of the Dual Voodoo2 SLI setup that had reigned for the past few months. However that 250MP/s fill rate was calculated using a TNT clocked at 125MHz, not at 90MHz. At 90MHz, the fill rate drops to 190MP/s, conceptually still much higher than a Voodoo2 but in reality not all that much better. In an attempt to explain the lack of the TNT being the proposed Voodoo2 SLI killer it was initially dubbed, nVidia reassured the public that early in 1999 they would make the move to a 0.25 micron manufacturing process for the TNT and release a revision of the chip designed to run at full speed, being 125MHz. In theory, once nVidia makes that jump, we should have a definite Dual Voodoo2 SLI killer on our hands...right? Well, what nVidia wasn't counting on was an actual test to prove this theory, hang on to your seats, as AnandTech managed to develop a custom made cooling system made specifically for the Riva TNT chipset which allowed it to be clocked at 125MHz and beyond! How were the results? Is the next revision of the TNT worth waiting for? Did nVidia "bend the truth" with the possible performance of their TNT chip? Let's find out as we push the limits of nVidia's 2D/3D wonder in an AnandTech exclusive, Overclocking the Riva TNT - Current & Future Expectations.
The nVidia Riva TNT - Current Expectations
It is obvious a great portion, this editor included, of the PC enthusiast population became preoccupied with the search for the elusive Voodoo2-killer. This whale hunt ended in much disappointment, but fortunately, it managed to provide for a wonderful combatant against the hype that many manufacturers had to generate to promote their products over 3Dfx's reigning king, the Voodoo2.
A Direct3D masterpiece, the Riva TNT chipset already provides performance greater than that of a single Voodoo2 and comparable to a Dual Voodoo2 setup under Direct3D situations on virtually all processor platforms, Super7 excluded. The TNT's OpenGL performance will be improved in the near future with better drivers and a more thoroughly optimized ICD, however currently, the TNT already provides with performance that is around the mark of a single Voodoo2 while offering clearly superior image quality. All of this can be achieved for a price tag falling in the $169 - $199 range. The extremely competitive 2D performance of the TNT rounds off the extremely positive outlook the TNT will give even the most pessimistic user. You want to keep in mind that the Riva TNT is still the best option for a well rounded 2D/3D accelerator, and definitely gives 3Dfx a run for their money, but is it a sin to want the performance nVidia originally assured we would be getting? Not at all in the mind of this overclocker... | <urn:uuid:9299990c-5ed5-47ed-9fc2-880dad734e57> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.anandtech.com/show/198 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955371 | 1,100 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Improved Approaches to Design of Polymer Gel Treatments in Mature Oil Fields: Field Demonstration in Dickman Field, Ness County, KS
This project was selected in response to DOE's Research with Independents solicitation, DE-PS26-02NT15377. The focus area was Enhanced Oil Recovery.
The project goal was to accelerate adaptation and evaluation of new technologies, such as gelled polymer technology, specifically for decreasing water production in producing wells through collaboration among independent producers and service companies operating in Kansas. The project will demonstrate the use of these cost-effective tools and techniques to characterize the heterogeneous reservoir in Dickman oilfield in Kansas and predict its performance with various polymer gel treatments.
Grand Mesa Operating Company
University of Kansas
The Mississippian reservoir at Dickman Field was characterized. A polymer gel treatment was conducted and performed successfully. This is the first large-scale gel polymer field test of a Mississippian carbonate reservoir in Kansas.
The project benefit will stem from demonstrating the feasibility of polymer gel technology to increase the recovery of reserves from Mississippian reservoirs in Kansas. The increase in recoverable reserves can be accomplished by 1) reducing water production from Mississippian producers and the well operating cost, 2) increasing the drawdown on Mississippian producers while boosting oil production and remaining recoverable reserves, and 3) enabling uneconomic producers to be returned to production.
The Mississippian reservoir at Dickman Field, discovered in 1962, has produced about 1.6 million barrels of oil. Mississippian reservoirs in Kansas such as that in Dickman Field are naturally fractured, solution-enhanced, multi-layered, shallow-shelf carbonates with strong bottom-water drives. Water channels through the natural-solution enhanced karst fracture system from the underlying aquifer. High water influx prevents adequate drawdown pressure from being exerted on the oil-bearing matrix, and the very high water cut increases operating costs. Arbuckle and Mississippian production in Kansas occurs at or near the top of karsted carbonates below a regional sub-Pennsylvanian unconformity surface. These Arbuckle and Mississippian reservoirs are a major source of Kansas oil production and account for about 58% of the state's current production. Across Kansas, there are a large number of small- to medium-size Mississippian reservoirs (1,785 fields reported production from the Mississippian in 2002).
The success in the Arbuckle has spurred renewed interests in other natural water-drive reservoirs, such as the Mississippian. Up until now, gel-polymer for fracture treatment in Mississippian reservoirs has not been attempted. Basic technical or empirical guidelines do not exist for treatment design. This has inhibited the use of polymer gel treatments in Mississippian reservoirs in Kansas. This would be the first application of large-volume polymer gel treatments in Kansas Mississippian carbonate reservoirs.
TIORCO equipment and personnel arrived on location on December 4, 2003. A tailgate safety meeting was held to discuss all potential hazards specific to the jobsite. TIORCO's portable polymer pumping unit No. 14 was used to perform this treatment. A gauge on the end of a wireline was used to allow for real-time monitoring of bottomhole pressure.
Representative samples of cross-linked polymer solution were collected during all treatment stages to ensure that the intended gels ultimately would form. Pre-gel samples were stored at a temperature of 120 F. in an oven onboard the TIORCO portable polymer injection unit. All samples indicated that gels formed as intended.
The project is complete.
Project Start: August 12, 2003
Project End: October 31, 2004
Anticipated DOE Contribution: $100,000
Performer Contribution: $106,319 (51% of total)
NETL - Jesse Garcia ([email protected] or 918-699-2036)
Grand Mesa - Ronald Fowler ([email protected] or 316-265-3000) | <urn:uuid:243e19da-39e2-43bc-9dee-e45b642c2677> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/project-summaries/completed-ep-tech/de-fg26-03nt15438- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00000-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916744 | 835 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The academic research process is incredibly inefficient when it comes to producing real products that shape the world. It can take decades for a good research idea to turn into a product - and of course most research never reaches this phase. However, I don't think it has to be that way: We could greatly accelerate the research-to-product pipeline if we could fix the academic value system and funding model.
Here's the problem: Some of the smartest people in the world have spent their entire careers building throwaway prototypes. I sure never built anything real until I moved to Google, after nearly ten years of college and grad school, and seven years as a faculty member. And by "real," I don't just mean a prototype that we developed for a couple of years and then threw away as soon as the papers got published. In effect, I "wasted" millions of dollars in funding, and countless man-years of development effort by my students and lab staff -- apart from a bunch of papers, nothing of practical value came out of my entire academic research career. (Maybe I'm being a little hard on myself, but let's take this as a given for sake of argument.) And I don't think my lack of real-world impact is at all unusual in a university setting.
What would the world be like if all of this hard work had actually translated into real, shipping products that people could use? How could we change the structure of academic research to close the gap between playing in the sandbox and making things real?
The plight of the academic is that there is often no direct way to translate ideas into reality -- you don't have the resources to do it at the university, and the academic process forces you to bounce between ideas every few years, rather than sticking it out to turn something into a product. In theory, academics are supposed to be patenting their ideas, and companies are supposed to come along and license the patents and turn them into real products. However, I am not aware of a single project from a computer science department that ever been commercialized through this route. This approach is more commonplace in fields like biotech, but in computer science it is rarely done.
A far more common (and successful) approach is for academics to spin out their own startups. However, this involves a high degree of risk (potentially career-ending for pre-tenure faculty), and many universities do not structure their sabbatical and leave policies to make this easy to do. Most universities also make starting a company painfully difficult when it comes to questions of IP ownership, licensing, and forcing the academic's research to be dissociated with their commercial activities. As a result, you get a bunch of super smart academics who play it safe and stay within their tenured faculty jobs, subsisting on grants and rarely commercializing their work. This means that a lot of great ideas never get beyond the prototype phase.
What I'd like to see is a university with a startup incubator attached to it, taking all of the best ideas and turning them into companies, with a large chunk of the money from successful companies feeding back into the university to fund the next round of great ideas. This could be a perpetual motion machine to drive research. Some universities have experimented with an incubator model, but I'm not aware of any cases where this resulted in a string of successful startups that funded the next round of research projects at that university.
Typically, when a startup spins off, the university gets a tiny slice of the pie, and the venture capitalists -- who fill the much-needed funding gap -- reap most of the benefits. But why not close the air gap between the research lab and the startup? Allow the faculty to stay involved in their offspring companies while keeping their research day job? Leverage the tremendous resources of a university to streamline the commercialization process -- e.g., use of space, equipment, IT infrastructure, etc.? Allow students to work at the startups for course credit or work-study without having to quit school? Maintain a regular staff of "serial entrepreneurs" who help get new startups off the ground? Connect the course curriculum to the fledgling startups, rather than teaching based on artificial problems? One might joke that some universities, like Stanford, effectively already operate in this way, but this is the exception rather than the rule.
It seems to me that bringing together the university model with the startup incubator would be a great benefit both for spinning out products and doing better research. | <urn:uuid:0b7e35c3-42b1-4823-910f-4d827c023ecd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://matt-welsh.blogspot.com/2012/06/startup-university.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00135-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969499 | 911 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Last month, the Interactive Advertising Bureau released broadband video commercial measurement guidelines at the IAB Leadership Forum in New York.
The guidelines were developed by the IAB's broadband committee and measurement task force, and are designed to help standardize online video ad measurement.
A "broadband video commercial" is defined as a commercial that may appear before, during and after various content, including streaming video, animation, gaming and music video content in a player environment.
Buffer vs. Browser
The definition includes broadband video commercials that appear in live, archived and downloadable streaming content. According to the guidelines, measurement of broadband video commercials should only occur when the ad begins to appear on the user's browser, rather than when the buffer is initiated. The guidelines also encourage publishers to adopt the strongest possible filtration techniques to remove nonhuman activity such as spiders and robots from measurement data.
"These guidelines, which promote consistent and reliable broadband advertising, are a clear indication of the maturing of the interactive industry as a whole," said Bob Liodice, president-CEO of the Association of National Advertisers, which provided input on the guidelines.
While the guidelines present a broad framework for measuring online video ads, marketers and online video ad companies are using a wide variety of metrics to gauge the effectiveness of campaigns.
Accela Communications, which delivers long-form video content in banner ads for clients, reports such metrics as number of viewers, length of viewing time, interactions with the player (such as fast-forwarding or rewinding) and streaming speed.
While IAB requires that viewers should be counted once the ad starts appearing, Accela starts counting viewers after they have been viewing the ad for at least 15 seconds, said Ann Roskey, VP-marketing and audience development at Accela. That's because the AccelaCast inBanner system, which delivers video content in banner ads, is set up with measuring points (called telemetry points) that automatically collect data on user interactions every 15 seconds.
The average video program length is 9.5 minutes and the average viewing time is 4.6 minutes, based on a study of recent AccelaCast inBanner ad campaigns, Roskey said.
For example, IBM Corp. developed a 26-minute video ad about IBM Tivoli's approach to IT service management, and Cisco Systems created a three-minute video ad featuring executive interviews. "The longer-form content is going to be really effective when there is a complex topic that needs to be discussed, such as technology, health care or medical science," Roskey said.
Advertisers are also using traditional brand metrics, such as brand awareness and brand favorability, to measure the effectiveness of online video ads.
HP tests ads
Last year, Hewlett-Packard Co. conducted a test of online video ads running on MSN Video Player. The test, conducted by research company Millward Brown, included two executions of ads for the HP Photosmart printer. It found that brand awareness increased an average 11% among viewers exposed to the online video ads.
The most significant increases were reported among viewers that had been exposed to the ad three or four times. Brand favorability increased an average 7%, with the highest increases reported at five or more exposures to the ads.
HP also tested the effectiveness of online video ads compared with traditional TV spots. It found that TV spots and online video ads were equally effective at generating brand interest.
The study, in which two groups of users were shown 30-second TV spots and online video ads that were identical in content, found that 84% of those exposed to TV spots believed the ads contained new information, compared with 83% of those exposed to online video ads. Also, 77% of those exposed to TV spots felt the ads were believable, compared with 76% of those exposed to online video ads. | <urn:uuid:85f275a5-4be0-4496-a250-4fec07803191> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://adage.com/article/btob/metrics-online-video-ads/265389/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00157-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954024 | 792 | 1.554688 | 2 |
1996 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Transien Liquid Phase Bonding of Aluminum Alloy-Based Composites Using Thin Film as Insert Metal
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
|Allocation Type||Single-year Grants |
|Research Institution||Muroran Institute of Technology |
MOMONO Tadashi Muroran Institute of Technology Engineering Associate Professor, 工学部, 助教授 (10002940)
|Project Period (FY)
1995 – 1996
|Keywords||TLP bonding / Insert metal / Diffusion Bonding / Composite / Isothermal solidification / Segregation|
I.Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of Al_2O_3 Particle Reinforced A6061 Alloy-Based Composites Using Copper Thin Film as Insert Metal
1.Copper thin film was oputimal for the insert metal of TLP bonding of the aluminum alloy based composites.
2.Maximum Mechanical properties of joints were obtaind by the following conditions : Cu foil thickness of 0.5-3.0mum, bonding temperature 570ﾟC,bonding time of 0.3ks, and pressure of 1.0MPa.
3.The joint of composites bonded with Cu thin film has been almost the same as the base metal in point of the tensile strength.
4.Tensile strength of the joint were increased by T6 heat treatment after bonding.
5.The segregation of Al_2O_3 particles at the bobd interface were prevented by using thin Cu film.
II.Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of SiC Particle Reinforced AC3A Alloy-Based Composite to AC3A Using Copper Thin Film as Insert Metal
1.Maximum mechanical properties of joints were obtaind by the following conditions : Cu foil thickness of 3.0mum, bonding temperature 560ﾟC,bonding time of 0.6ks, and pressure of 19.6MPa.
2.Coase Si particles were segregated at the bond interface result from coexisting of Al-Cu eutectic liquid phase.
Research Products (2 results) | <urn:uuid:b4abeb20-e334-45a3-b476-31c00d405e00> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07650830/076508301996kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.836142 | 519 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Just out, a statement from the National Tobacco Reform Initiative – a group of senior figures and experts in public health and tobacco control – supporting a substantial change to the legislation governing vaping products in the United States. This statement supports what is known as the Cole-Bishop rider to the Agricultural Appropriations Bill (the rider is at section 753). This language has the following main effects:
- Allows all vaping products that were on the US market in 2016 to stay on the market by waiving the requirement for ‘pre-market review’ (s.910), the most onerous and damaging regulatory burden – the same kind of grandfathering that was offered to cigarettes in 2009, when the Tobacco Control Act come into effect
- It does not waive other requirements under the Tobacco Control Act – for example, submission of health information, ingredients and harmful constituents (s.904), misbranding (s.903) etc.
- Requires FDA to develop standards for flavors and batteries
- Places additional restrictions on sales and marketing
- Requires certain warning labels and accurate labelling of nicotine content
It is very important that this passes as it solves part of the problem of establishing a proportionate regulatory system for low-risk products like vapor.
Here is the statement from NTRI and its membership.
National Tobacco Reform Initiative statement
National Tobacco Reform Initiative
March 13, 2018
Following is the Position Statement from the National Tobacco Reform Initiative in support of the Cole-Bishop Amendment.
Composed of ten (10) distinguished, exemplary and independent senior national public health leaders, the TRI is dedicated to substantially expanding cessation services to help the current 38 million adult smokers in the U.S. to quit smoking combustible cigarettes at the earliest possible time.
The National Tobacco Reform Initiative supports the Cole-Bishop Amendment which is Section 753 of the 2018 House Agricultural Appropriations Bill. In the very same way cigarettes were grandfathered in through 2009, under this new law, e-cigarettes would be grandfathered in as long as they were on the market in 2016. This approach will do more to shore up e-cigarettes as a viable alternative to combustible cigarettes than the FDA’s current position of deferring current law until 2022. Cole-Bishop also requires FDA to set product standards, including on flavors and batteries; the FDA would need to propose rules in 21 months and finalize them within three (3) years.
Today’s e-cigarettes are technologically light years ahead of products that were on the market in 2007, and it is critical that these significantly lower-risk products continue to be made readily available to adult smokers. Fundamentally, this is a question of whether we should move e-cigarettes closer to regulatory equity with cigarettes, rather than continuing to give a leg-up to combustible tobacco products that have been grand-fathered in. Cole-Bishop would accomplish that, while setting up a process to adequately regulate e-cigarettes and protect consumers and kids.
For questions about the NTRI Position Statement, please contact Iowa Attorney General, Tom Miller, at 515-707-3675, or Scott Ballin at 202-258-2419. Both Miller and Ballin are members of the TRI Team.
If you have questions about the National Tobacco Reform Initiative, please check out the TRI Web Site at –http://www.tobaccoreform.org.
Tobacco Reform Initiative – the members
- David B. Abrams, Ph.D. – Professor, Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University
- Scott Ballin, JD. – Health Policy Consultant; Former Vice President and Legislative Counsel to the American Heart Association; Former Member and Chair of the Coalition on Smoking OR Health; Advisor to the University of Virginia ‘Morven’ Tobacco Dialogues
- Aaron Biebert – Former President and CEO, Clear Medical Solutions; Director, Attention Era Media, Film Production Company; Produced “A Billion Lives” documentary seen by millions worldwide
- Michael Cummings, Ph.D. – Professor, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina; Co-leader, Tobacco Research Program, Hollings Cancer Center
- Allan C. Erickson – Former Vice President for Public Education & Tobacco Control, American Cancer Society; Staff Director Latin American Coordinating Committee for Tobacco Control, International Union Against Cancer
- Thomas Miller – Attorney General, State of Iowa
- Ray Niaura, Ph.D. – Professor, School of Public Health Global Studies, New York University
- John R. Seffrin, Ph.D. – Professor of Practice, School of Public Health, Indiana University at Bloomington
- Daniel Wikler, Ph.D., — Mary B. Saltonstall Professor of Ethics & Population Health, Department of Global Health and Populations, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- Derek Yach – Founder and President Designate, Foundation for a Smoke-Free World; Former Executive Director, Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, World Health Organization (WHO)
Tobacco Reform Initiative – advisory group
- Clive Bates – Director, Counterfactual Consulting Limited (UK)
- Lawrence (Larry) Green – Professor Emeritus; Former Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco
- Michael McGinnis, M.D. — Senior Scholar and Executive Director, National Academy of Medicine (NAM)
- Ken Warner, Ph.D. – Avedia Donabedian Distinguished University Professor of Public Heath, University of Michigan School of Public Health | <urn:uuid:d6a673bf-931f-4aeb-8304-187a6d103703> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clivebates.com/public-health-experts-rally-to-support-us-legislative-initiative-on-vaping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.917714 | 1,160 | 1.6875 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED339441
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 1991
Reference Count: N/A
State Policy on Transfer: State Council of Higher Education for Virginia.
Virginia State Dept. of Community Colleges, Richmond.; Virginia State Council of Higher Education, Richmond.
The Joint Committee on Transfer Students (JCTS), comprised of faculty and administrators from two- and four-year institutions, was established by Virginia's State Council of Higher Education (SCHE) and State Board for Community Colleges (SBCC) in October 1990. In order to develop policy recommendations designed to facilitate student transfer, in April 1991 the JCTS conducted a series of campus hearings throughout the state, involving students, faculty, counselors, and administrators. Endorsed by both the SCHE and the SBCC, this policy statement makes a series of proposals regarding: admissions; acceptance and application of credits; the development of a transfer module; communication and information; administrative responsibility for transfer; services for transfer students; transfer student responsibilities; minority students and transfer; and tracking transfer students. Specific policy recommendations include the following: (1) students who have earned an associate degree based upon a baccalaureate-oriented sequence will be considered to have obtained junior standing; (2) the colleges should adopt a transfer module system, a coherent set of courses that forms the foundation of a solid liberal education and assures students that a core of courses will transfer; (3) one person should be designated as chief transfer officer at each institution; and (4) community colleges should determine whether minority students are being counseled into or otherwise enrolled disproportionately in programs that are not designed to transfer. Transfer module guidelines and courses are appended. (PAA)
Descriptors: Academic Advising, Articulation (Education), College Credits, College Transfer Students, Community Colleges, Educational Administration, Educational Responsibility, Higher Education, Intercollegiate Cooperation, State Standards, Transfer Policy, Transfer Programs, Two Year Colleges, Universities
Publication Type: Guides - Non-Classroom
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: Virginia State Dept. of Community Colleges, Richmond.; Virginia State Council of Higher Education, Richmond.
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By Peter Barter, GCL. OBE. Kt – Oct 10, 2014
Democratic good governance depends on public debate – debate which is based on fact, honestly and openly held views, and willingness to engage with participants who hold quite different positions. The Internet provides fresh – and exciting – opportunities for just such debates on important public issues. Unfortunately, however, it often falls short as some participants make ill-founded claims, or simply resort to labelling those with whom they happen to disagree. In complex and contested environments, such as those experienced at times in some parts of Papua New Guinea, such conduct has the potential to publicize mere assertions, even untruths, or, particularly when labelling is involved, personal abuse. In doing so, it may add or give rise to tensions on the ground.
As Minister for Bougainville Affairs, the challenges I faced included working to build trust not only in government but between ex-combatants on different sides of the previous conflict, and within and between communities around Bougainville. Similar challenges arose when the 2002 elections in Southern Highlands failed. My responsibilities included rebuilding the trust which is basic to peace, democracy and good governance on the ground.
Anyone who values the free exchanges which are vital to democracy must, surely, appreciate the opportunities that blogs and other sites on the Internet provide. However, the ways in which some participants make unfounded assertions or simply ‘slag off’ at those with whom they disagree must, surely, be cause for concern. In doing so, they do not contribute to informed debate or help build the trust and mutual confidence in government and the wider community which are basic to public order and development. In this regard, contributors to social media would be well advised to bear in the wider – social – context in which they are expressing themselves, and that the role of media is to transmit what they say to a much wider audience which may not be aware of the immediate issues or context in which they are expressing themselves, or have ready access to other sources of information and opinion. In short, freedom of expression should be accompanied by an appropriate sense of responsibility.
Having been privileged to serve as the Minister with primary responsibility for the Bougainville Affairs for eight years, I continue to maintain a keen interest in the progress that is being made in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville. In doing so, I remain in personal contact with the President of the Autonomous Bougainville Government, Hon. Dr John Momis and other Bougainvillean leaders, as well as students at the Divine Word University (where I have the honour of being a Council Member).
Without wishing to dwell on the past, I would like to make it clear that the negotiations which produced and then gave legal effect to the Bougainville Peace Agreement by amending the National Constitution and enacting the Organic Law on Peace-Building in Bougainville involved Bougainvillean leaders on all sides of the previous conflict, support by the United Nations, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries, and, most importantly, the active participation of the churches, individuals like the late Theodore Miriung, as well as women and men around Bougainville. These efforts led to the making of the Bougainville Constitution, the formation of the Autonomous Bougainville Government (ABG), and, now, the work under way to bring about restoration and development on the ground, the transfer of functions and powers to the ABG, and preparations for the guaranteed referendum on Bougainville’s political future (due to be held, when good governance and weapons disposal have been achieved, between 2015 and 2020).
As Minister for Bougainville Affairs, I saw my immediate task to help make and build peace on the ground, and secure the resources required to provide essential services to the people. Australia, New Zealand, Japan, the European Union, and other aid donors provided generous support.
Aware of the sensitivities among local communities, in particular, I did not encourage discussion about the future of mining at Panguna. However, I did make public my view that, in order to be truly autonomous, or become independent following the referendum, Bougainville would need to have an economy and become less reliant on donor aid. This is clearly a prime concern of the ABG and the people of Bougainville. They want Bougainville to be autonomous, and, in the event the people vote for independence and the National Parliament agrees, they do not want to be beggars.
Throughout my time as Minister, I had to deal with the sensitivities of the various factions, and endeavour to establish an environment in which the peace process could keep moving ahead – as it has, in fact, done. Though there may be people who disagree, I am confident that significant progress has been made, and that this will continue if we can harness the resources we have available now and in the future.
In addition to my responsibilities as Minister for Bougainville Affairs, I had to deal with the failed elections in the Southern Highlands and, ultimately, the establishment of the Hela and Jiwaka Provinces. I used many of the same processes learnt in Bougainville to help bring back some semblance of law and order and ensure an environment in which elections could take place. An important lesson I learnt is that you cannot wave a magic wand to bring about peace; peace can only occur if everyone wants peace; peace begins in the hearts of those who want peace!
Many of us appreciate the freedom and diversity of the views expressed in social media concerning Bougainville and other important issues and parts of Papua New Guinea. However, in doing so, we cannot help but be concerned at the ways in which some participants behave and express themselves as if they have licence to say whatever they choose, however sarcastically and disrespectfully they seek to express themselves and even to impose their views.
Errors of fact, exaggerations, deliberate untruths and the application of unwarranted and unwelcome labels to other individuals, groups or organizations may cause offence, even hurt, to those who are targeted, including people who are innocent or, perhaps, unaware of the allegations being made or slurs being cast.
Truly democratic debate is a matter of honesty, openness and trust in the integrity of other participants and the process as a whole.
It is accordingly important that participants in blogs and other social media recognize the importance of these values, the role they are playing, and the need to behave in ways which are consistent with – and so help to reinforce – the very democratic values on which they rely.
Like every other country, Papua New Guinea cannot claim to be perfect. Amid our diversity, we have impressive – including some quite unique – national strengths. We also have important national challenges to address and overcome. While criticism can be vital to informed national debate in a democracy, ridicule and abuse are not; they frequently represent an abuse of free speech that would be condemned elsewhere, including the countries from which some of it originates.
Papua New Guinea needs improvements in health, education, employment and other opportunities for youth, which would help to reduce temptations to crime and reduce our reliance on foreign aid.
A more self-reliant society and economy are important keys to a sustainable future.
While it is not the only way forward, these are precisely the issues being addressed and the reasons why mining is receiving increasing attention in Bougainville.
It is vital both to democratic good governance and to Bougainville’s future that participants in the discussions in Bougainville are not labelled in derogatory ways, or subjected to abuse or ill-founded accusations. Like participants in other democratic debates, they are entitled to be treated with honesty and respect. While they have the right to freedom of speech, contributors to social media should recognize the responsibilities that participation in the social and media aspects of their activities entail.
Papua New Guinea is an independent country. We have come a long way. Anyone who knows or cares for Papua New Guinea can only be impressed with the development that has taken place, while recognizing that much still needs to be done.
My comments concerning social media are not directed against any specific person(s) or organization(s). My aim is simply to ensure that Papua New Guinea keeps moving ahead – towards what I believe are shared national objectives of more equitable distribution of wealth, more employment, and sustainable self-reliance based on agriculture, manufacturing, tourism and a responsible approach towards mining and resource development that will bring about improved services to the people of Papua New Guinea.
I, therefore, call on users of social media, both in-country and overseas, to adopt – and on their audiences to encourage – and promote a positive, respectful and optimistic approach when discussing issues in and affecting Papua New Guinea.
The word ‘optimism’ comes from the Latin word ‘optimus’, meaning “best”. An optimistic approach is one which leads one to look for the best in any situation, whether or not it is really welcome. While self-awareness and self-criticism are important, slagging off at our country or particular national actors is unlikely to lead to positive outcomes. The key to a successful future is mutual and self-respect, and an optimistic approach towards the opportunities and challenges we face. | <urn:uuid:f3f33bf5-f1f9-4ba0-a812-abc7fa0cafe5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://masalai.wordpress.com/tag/arb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.959988 | 1,902 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Cellular Shades Vs Roller Shades: Make the Right Choice for Your Interior
When it comes to home décor, window shades play a major role in the overall aesthetic system. They are one of the most flexible and practical solutions to dress up your windows in order to achieve aesthetic and functional benefits. Their endless variety of color and texture options help you get a stunning makeover for your arena.
Different light filtering and lift mechanism options make the operation of these shades smooth and efficient. Mount them inside or outside of the window frame according to your requirements. Unlike blinds, they don’t have slats and are made of a continuous panel of fabric or fabric-like material. There are plenty of window solutions available to adorn your décor and look graceful in different settings. In recent market trends, cellular shades and roller shades have taken a huge place in the window fashion world and bring beauty, aura, and grace to your space.
From the living room to study, kitchen to the bathroom, you can have these amazing window dressings, which are easy to maintain and give that minimalistic touch. So what makes them distinct? What are the differences between these two coverings, and why should you choose one over the other?
Cellular Shades Vs Roller Shades
What are cellular shades and roller shades? What are the unique features of these window shades? These things will make your shopping experience easier and simpler.
A good place to start is with two of the most popular window treatments:
- Cellular Shades (also known as Honeycomb Shades) and Roller Shades. Let us help you decide which one is the best fit for your window
- Roller shades are exactly what they sound like
- They consist of a moving mechanism with a piece of fabric attached to it
- When they are completely raised, the material moves up into the tube and is not visible
- Cellular Sades, on the other hand, have a honeycomb structure and stack at the top of the window
- They are used to block undesirable daylight and harmful UV rays
- These shades have little air pockets that trap air. They are insulating blinds which means they improve the energy efficiency of your home
Roller Shades Vs Cellular Shades: Differences And Similarities
Both cellular and roller shades are great choices for your beautiful home. Still, they have some basic differences
- In cellular shades, air pockets act as an insulator
- Whether space is being heated or cooled, this insulation helps protect it from outdoor climates
- Roller shades also insulate but they are not as effective as cellular shades
- Both have options for a blackout or light filtering fabrics, but roller shades generally have a larger light gap on the sides. Certain types of rollers are designed to give more light options (solar, zebra style, and sheer)
- Generally, roller shades are used in commercial spaces, while cellular shades are used in the home and bedroom
- Honeycomb shades are better insulators and have an R-value of
3.25 to 5. Roller shades do not carry any R-value
- Generally, Cellular shades are more expensive than roller shades
Roller Shades Pros And Cons
As the name suggests roller window treatments come with a rolling mechanism along with a piece of fabric attached to it. Adjusting the fabric will control the incoming daylight, privacy, and other sunbeams. Their availability in colors, designs, and texture options will create an elegant and subtle look for your windows while complimenting the other furnishings in the room.
- Roller shades are well-known window treatments that can add beauty to your room
- They are beautiful and very easy to clean
- Their smooth, modern look makes them ideal for commercial spaces such as restaurants and office buildings
- Nowadays, these shades have become popular for residential spaces as well
- Roller shades are excellent for spaces that receive a lot of sunlight and for homes with an awesome view
- Some Rollers can block UV rays, sun, and glare while maintaining your view
- This enables a homeowner to add or reduce the light as much as they want
- The shade is available in both light-filtering and blackout shades and gives your room a cozy look
- That said, the contemporary look of roller shades may not be appropriate for all homes
- As well, some types of rollers, such as those with solar fabrics, do not provide complete privacy at all times of the day
- For the cities like Los Angeles, San Diego which lies in the western part of the country roller shades a viable option as the weather will be pretty much constant between 65 and 75 years around
- Since the winters are very mild and summers rarely get above 90 it would be best to choose roller shades over cellular
- Roller shades work very well in some situations, and not so well in others
- Knowing the pros and cons of the product will help you make an informed choice the next time you shop for window treatments
Honeycomb Shades Pros and Cons
Cellular shades, or Honeycomb shades, also offer privacy and light control. The best feature of this shade is the insulation they add to the window. These insulating shades have a cell-like structure that forms air pockets. The air pockets are responsible for the insulation feature. They allow cellular shades to prevent heat loss during the winter season and heat absorption during the summer, creating the ultimate barrier from heat and cold.
- You can choose sheer fabrics for more light diffusion, whereas blackout fabrics give you complete light blockage with maximum privacy
- Their insulation features the blackout fabrics make a perfect choice for the bedroom
- Choosing a cordless option for this shade means your kids and pets are risk-free from being tangled in the cords
- Day/Night Cellular Shades allow for two different types of fabric, making it an excellent choice for those that desire versatility
- Top-Down Bottom-up Cellular Shades allow you to adjust them to any position on your window
Are Cellular Shades Out of Style?
While cellular shades are versatile and practical, some people do not like their unique look. However, they have some advantages that come with their shape.
- With a depth of less than 1 inch, you can easily install them as an inside mount to any window
- They can attach and move easily when installed on tilt and turn windows
- There is a wide variety of fabrics to choose from that is still growing
- So no, cellular shades are not out of style and they are here to stay
Many homeowners become stuck trying to pick between cellular shades and roller shades. Both shades are a great option for any window in your home. If you are still having trouble choosing between these two shades, or you have a question, ZebraBlinds designers are always ready to help you with your questions. | <urn:uuid:be0312db-4155-47c8-a188-c36917ffe60e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zebrablinds.com/blog/cellular-shades-vs-roller-shades-choose/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.930278 | 1,387 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Senator Flanagan’s Legislation To Protect Concert Attendees Passes Legislature
To protect both consumers who attend concerts and the bands they love, Senator John Flanagan (2nd Senate District) and Assemblyman Peter M. Rivera (76th Assembly District) announced the passage of the "Truth in Musical Advertising Act". The legislation, which the two legislators sponsored in their respective houses, will ensure that live performances are advertised fairly and that concert attendees are protected from paying money to see impostors.
With the growing popularity of nostalgia concerts, there has been a surge in the number of live performers claiming to be a particular band who have no true connection. Performing under the guise of a band such as The Coasters, The Platters or another band, many of these groups have no true right to the name of the original band and are therefore misleading concert attendees. Also, by unfairly profiting from using a band’s name and reputation, they are basically taking money that is intended for the real artist or band.
"Fans want to see the groups they love and they deserve to get what they pay for. This legislation will also increase the trust people have when they pay to see a show and that may help increase ticket sales for legitimate bands," stated Senator Flanagan. "These bands set the stage for all the bands that are reaping the benefits today and they deserve to have their legacy protected."
Under the terms of the legislation, no performing act will be allowed to use the name of the original act or a substantially similar name if they have no true right to use that name. This will allow those who purchase tickets to have faith that the band they are paying to see is the band they remember.
This ban would not apply when at least one member of an act was a member of the recording group and the group has a legal right to use the name; if the act clearly states that they are a tribute band; or if they have a federal service mark for that recording group.
The legislation would allow the attorney general to bring an action to restrain deceptive advertising. The courts would also be able to order that any money received through deceptive advertising be given to the true recording group or its representatives.
Additionally, those who violate this law would be liable to a fine of up to five thousand dollars for a first violation but not more than fifteen thousand for subsequent violations.
The legislation will be sent to Governor Eliot Spitzer for his consideration.
TO SEND AN E-MAIL TO SENATOR FLANAGAN OR YOU WOULD LIKE TO JOIN HIS EMAIL LIST FOR UPDATES, PLEASE CLICK HERE. | <urn:uuid:987fd5df-70b3-4c7c-bac9-e04d7ccfbab5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/in-the-news/john-j-flanagan/senator-flanagan%E2%80%99s-legislation-protect-concert-attendees-passes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00307-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961414 | 535 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The new software, Windows Phone 8, will be available on new phones this fall, Microsoft said Wednesday at a presentation in San Francisco. The software will bring Windows phones closer to PCs and tablets running the company's upcoming Windows 8, which is also scheduled to launch later this year.
With its planned software updates -and the Surface tablet computer it introduced earlier this week- Microsoft is taking dramatic steps to ensure that it plays a major role in the increasingly important mobile market.
But the company is playing catch-up in an arena dominated by Apple and Google. Microsoft launched Windows Phone 7 in 2010, making a clean break with its previous phone software, which had become outdated. Nokia Corp., until recently the world's biggest maker of phones, has pledged to use it for all its smartphones, and launched its first Windows Phone in the U.S. earlier this year.
Sales have been anemic, however. IDC estimated that 2.2 percent of the smartphones shipped worldwide in the first quarter of this year ran Microsoft's software, compared to 23 percent for Apple and 59 percent for Android. Still, U.S. wireless carriers support Windows Phone, seeing it as a valuable counterweight to the clout of Apple Inc.'s iPhone and phones running Google Inc.'s Android software.
Windows Phone is making progress in one respect. Hit games "Words With Friends" and "Draw Something" will be among the apps available for Windows 8. There are 100,000 applications available for Windows phones today, Microsoft said. That's far less than the number of apps available for iPhones and Android phones.
Windows Phone 8 will accept expansion memory cards, like Android phones do. It will also work on processors with more than one computing "core," which are common in high-end smartphones. More cores boost computing power and can cut power consumption.
The new software will also work with near-field communications chips, allowing phones to be used in place of credit cards at some payment terminals. At the conference, Microsoft's head of phone software, Joe Belfiore, demonstrated how NFC can be used to link two phones so their owners can play a Scrabble-like game. Tapping the phones together can engage NFC, and prompt the devices to establish a link over Wi-Fi.
Some recent Android phones come with NFC capabilities, but they're missing from the iPhone.
Windows Phone 8 will share the operating system "kernel," or most basic functions, with Windows 8 RT, which will run on tablets and computers. That means manufacturers will have an easier time making hardware that can use either system. Developers will have an easier time moving applications from one platform to the other, Microsoft said.
Changing its phone software at such a basic level means that it will be difficult to install on existing Windows phones. | <urn:uuid:6ecbcd08-f475-4c9b-a215-04240abc093a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://6abc.com/archive/8708702/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00133-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936304 | 565 | 1.523438 | 2 |
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) Valentine”s Day 2014 was coming to a close. There were fewer than a dozen workers holding down the night shift at the federal government”s nuclear waste repository in southern New Mexico.
An alarm sounded inside the central monitoring room less than an hour before midnight. Somewhere in the underground salt caverns, radioactivity triggered the sensors. The ventilation system kicked in, forcing contaminated air through filters and then to the surface.
Most of the workers who showed up the next morning ended up being sent home. In all, 22 workers were contaminated with low levels of radiation, and work at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant has been on hold ever since, leaving the government without a place to permanently stash tons of Cold War-era waste.
Here are things to know about the nuclear repository a year after the mishap:
Federal investigators are reviewing the last bits of evidence collected earlier this month high-resolution images gathered from inside the storeroom where a container of waste ruptured, triggering the radiation release. They used a specially designed camera boom to get a good view between and across the stacks of waste. U.S. Energy Department officials say the images confirm the release stemmed from a single drum of waste. A final report is expected before the end of March.
HOW DID IT HAPPEN?
The investigation team has pored over reams of documents and has picked apart the procedures and policies at both the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant and Los Alamos National Laboratory, where the container of waste was initially packed. Officials suspect the breach stemmed from a chemical reaction in highly acidic waste containing a lead-based glove that was packed with organic cat litter to absorb moisture. According to the New Mexico Environment Department, experts had notified the lab to stop using organic materials as early as 2012 because of the possible dangers of mixing them with nitrate salts. The U.S. Department of Energy”s inspector general also raised questions about the lab management”s oversight of written procedures for handling the waste. Initial reports that followed the incident also blamed a slow erosion of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant”s safety culture.
NO NUCLEAR DUMP, NO CLEANUP
The indefinite closure of the repository has delayed cleanup of legacy waste like contaminated gloves, tools and clothing from decades of bomb-making across the federal government”s nuclear complex. In its 15 years of operation, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant received shipments from more than 20 different sites as part of the Energy Department”s multibillion-dollar-a-year cleanup program. Los Alamos, for example, was under orders from New Mexico to remove thousands of barrels of toxic waste from outdoor storage on a mesa before wildfire season peaked last summer. With shipments and disposal on hold, the lab is temporarily storing waste in steel and glass structures that are monitored regularly. Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz has said reopening the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant is a priority for the nation.
Four Los Alamos lab workers were reassigned as a result of the incident, and the Energy Department pulled nuclear waste cleanup operations from the contractor that runs the lab. As part of the financial fallout, contactors at Los Alamos lab and the repository were also denied millions of dollars in performance pay by the federal government. That”s in addition to the $54 million in fines levied by the state against the Energy Department and the contractors over numerous permit violations that were outlined in compliance orders issued in December. New Mexico Environment Secretary Ryan Flynn threatened this week that another round of more than $100 million in fines is possible if the Energy Department doesn”t accept accountability.
Energy Secretary Moniz acknowledged during a congressional hearing Thursday that the time table and budget for getting the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant back on track was “a little bit uncertain.” The recovery plan calls for full operations by 2018, and officials have estimated it could take more than a half-billion dollars to do it. Even if it happens, watchdog Don Hancock of the Southwest Research and Information Center said the repository doesn”t have enough room for the waste already in the waiting line. Since the nuclear dump was designed as a pilot plant to demonstrate the feasibility of safely storing nuclear waste in half-mile-deep salt beds, Hancock says it has a predetermined shelf life. He suggests it”s time to start talking about what comes after the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.
Follow Susan Montoya Bryan on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/susanmbryanNM | <urn:uuid:f9bd3007-a95e-41cf-829b-6759a613b06c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2015/02/13/things-to-know-about-the-federal-governments-nuke-dump/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.951565 | 959 | 3.125 | 3 |
An extended period of "financial repression"—brought on by low interest rates—means investors will have to do what they can to get income while keeping up a strong defense against global slowness, Pimco's Mohamed El-Erian told CNBC Monday.
Portfolios should include a healthy mix of stocks, fixed income and foreign exchange currencies that keep investors exposed to growing parts of the world and protected against debt-burdened areasthat won't do as well, the co-CEO at the world's largest bond fund said in a live interview.
"If you look at the advanced economies, the US is the cleanest dirty shirt. It is not purely clean, but it is cleaner than what you see in Europe, than what you see in Japan," El-Erian said.
"Quite a few companies have very strong balance sheets (and) operate in places where there aren't many questions about the rule of law but are exposed to the parts of the world that are growing very heavily," he added. "I think investors are starting to realize that that is a good way also of getting exposure to emerging markets."
As policy makers continue to try to guide the economy back to recoveryfrom the depths of the financial crisis, investors face unusual choices because of low interest-rate policies from the Federal Reserve and other central banks, El-Erian said.
The Fed in recent months has stated its commitment to keep its funds rate near zero for the next two years. Chairman Ben Bernanke said he remains unconvinced that employment will see any strong gains and expects slow growth ahead for the U.S.
"We are living in what is called 'financial repression,' where the Fed is keeping rates artificially low in order to bolster debtors, and it is creditors that are paying the costs for that," El-Erian said. "That is what is being done to deal with the debt overhang and at the same time to try and promote growth."
While U.S. stocks are in a bull-market rally, other markets around the world have done even better.
Russia, for instance, has gained 23 percent this year, while India stocks have risen 26 percent and the German market is up 18 percent.
Investors need to identify those growth markets and find companies that have exposure there both on the debt and equity side, El-Erian added.
"You want a solid balance sheet. We are still going to go through many years of (debt reduction) and you have to have that balance sheet defense," he said. "You want offense on one side, and defense, and you can combine them both in quite a few companies both here and around the world." | <urn:uuid:a4909461-a907-49c3-a4d9-1467239c87f8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cnbc.com/id/46703535 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00119-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978283 | 551 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Google preps Chrome password-blab bug fix
A password to view your passwords
A few months after the bug was discovered, Google's decided it should experiment with a fix for its Chrome password exposure
As El Reg noted back in August:
“If the victim, shall we say, is using Chrome, surf over to chrome://settings/passwords, click on a starred-out saved website password and click on "Show"; rinse and repeat down the list. Voila, you can see his or her passwords in plain text.”
While it only works if someone can access someone else's machine, it's easy enough to imagine that your average workplace probably has a sufficient combination of naively-trustful users and occasionally malicious workmates to make it a serious issue (not to mention kids seeking Dad's online shopping password stash).
François Beaufort of Google France has now posted this code for review.
Right now, the code for the experimental flag has only been added to the latest Mac build of the Chrome browser, but the idea is straightforward:
“Once you've enabled the chrome://flags/#enable-password-manager-reauthentication flag, the user who's trying to reveal a plain text password in chrome://settings/passwords will be prompted to reauthenticate with the User Mac OS password.”
The authentication window is open for one minute.
Presumably if the fix is welcomed and successful, it will be implemented in other versions of Chrome. ® | <urn:uuid:8b2be86f-fae6-4fab-a9e1-f8d7154d4bac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/06/google_preps_chrome_passwordblab_bug_fix/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907486 | 310 | 1.984375 | 2 |
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Thursday 3 October, 2019 - The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) is saddened and appalled to learn of the killing of an endangered pygmy elephant earlier this week in the Tawau district of south-western Sabah.
RSPO Chief Executive Officer Datuk Darrel Webber said, “The killing or harming of any animal is unjustified by any organisation associated with the RSPO. Even more so when you consider that there are less than 2,000 pigmy elephants left in the wild and that the killers allegedly possessed and used illegal firearms. This is completely unacceptable and I will ask the RSPO’s Investigation and Monitoring Unit to see what actions should be taken beyond what Sabah Authorities will bring to bear.”
According to WWF-Malaysia, this revelation reiterates the importance of wildlife corridors and their call for plantations to play an active part alongside the government and NGOs in the conservation of elephants in Sabah.
“We are appalled with and condemn the actions of the inhumane treatment of the Borneo pygmy elephant, which led to its death. Nonetheless, this strengthens our stand on the importance and urgency for a living landscape which combines the protection of wildlife, production of crops, restoration of habitat, and positive social impacts. The truth of the matter is that elephants will use plantation landscapes, and therefore plantations need to accept that they have to coexist with these animals. Developing wildlife corridors will aid in managing elephant movements, human-elephant co-existence, reduce crop damage from elephants and reduce the risk of elephant and human deaths in agricultural landscapes,” commented Dr. Henry Chan, WWF-Malaysia Conservation Director.
The news reports allege that two plantation guards engaged to keep wildlife away from company grounds shot and killed the elephant, and removed its tusks. Based on the reports, we understand that the alleged incident took place on FELDA land. We confirm that FELDA is a member of RSPO. We are in communication with their company representatives to better understand the situation that occurred on Monday, 30 September.
Furthermore, our understanding is that the matter is being investigated by the relevant authorities for several offences and the Sabah Wildlife Department is probing the accused under the Sabah Wildlife Conservation Enactment for killing a protected species.
RSPO reiterates that we condemn actions such as this. Further, all RSPO members are expected to abide by RSPO’s Code of Conduct and RSPO Principles and Criteria (P&C) throughout the member’s organisation - regardless of whether they are certified. Completing the P&C Certification process is the best way to ensure RSPO member plantations implement sustainable practices that are respected throughout the organisation, and we strongly encourage members to do so. | <urn:uuid:7590426c-418a-435a-b7cc-8119a381b412> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rspo.org/news-and-events/news/rspo-statement-on-pygmy-elephant-shooting | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.947829 | 616 | 2.09375 | 2 |
A spectacular sequence of three crescent-shaped peblle and sand coves where a massive number of geomorphological features can be found such as the typical differential erosion of capes and coves, landslides, waterfalls, a large arasion platform, basins and potholes.
Nautilus, Geological Interpretation Centre
Mutriku cliffs, formed by black flysch strata, are very rich in fossils that date back over 100 million years As a
Cretaceous/ Paleogene Boundary of Algorri
The K-Pg boundary (K-T boundary) is identified by a thin layer of dark clay where a massive extinction killed off over
Mander of Sasiola
The Deba river draws a perfect mander embedded over 150 meters between the pinnables in the Sasiola area The channle | <urn:uuid:75e83991-7cbc-4058-8400-c82a984742c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geotourismroute.eu/interests/geomorphology-of-sakoneta/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.876842 | 180 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Respiratory motion poses great challenges to radiotherapy of liver cancer. 4D-CT is the current clinical standard for imaging organ respiratory motion. However, it 1) involves high imaging dose to the patient due to prolonged scan time, and 2) provides insufficient soft tissue contrast for imaging liver tumor. Conversely, MRI has excellent soft-tissue contrast and has no known radiation hazard for clinical imaging. MRI-based 4D imaging (4D-MRI) is thus highly desired to improve the visualization of soft-tissue respiratory motion and the delineation of target volume of moving liver tumors. At present, there is no established 4D-MRI technique for radiotherapy. Our long-term goal is to establish a novel 4D-MRI based motion management framework for radiotherapy. The objective of this application is to develop and evaluate a clinical feasible 4D-MRI technique for improved imaging of liver tumor respiratory motion. Our overall hypothesis is that integration of 4D-MRI into radiotherapy of liver cancer will allow for more accurate delineation of tumor internal target volume (ITV). This hypothesis will be tested via two specific aims.
Aim 1 will develop and validate a retrospective 4D-MRI technique that can be immediately implemented in the clinic.
Aim 2 will evaluate accuracy of the tumor ITV determined from 4D-MRI and its dosimetric impact on treatment planning in liver cancer patient cases. Successful completion of these studies will provide the foundation required to establish a novel 4D-MRI based motion management framework for radiation therapy of liver cancer, and the necessary information to support a later larger scale study to further enhance the 4D-MRI tool. The fully developed 4D-MRI technology will improve our ability to more precisely deliver radiation treatment to tumor and mitigate radiation-induced injury to surrounding normal tissues.
Radiation therapy is used alone or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy as a main treatment approach for liver cancer. However, its effectiveness has been hampered by the organ respiratory motion during the treatment. Current advanced tool for imaging organ respiratory motion is mainly x-ray based imaging which not only involves high imaging dose but also is lack of soft-tissue information. The proposed research will develop MRI-based 4D imaging technique which can minimize imaging dose and provide soft- tissue motion information. This improved imaging guidance method will allow physician to more accurately determine patient-specific tumor target volume for more conformal dose planning and reduce associated treatment toxicity to the surrounding healthy tissues, resulting in improved treatment outcome of radiation therapy for liver cancer.
|Liu, Yilin; Yin, Fang-Fang; Chang, Zheng et al. (2014) Investigation of sagittal image acquisition for 4D-MRI with body area as respiratory surrogate. Med Phys 41:101902|
|Yang, Juan; Cai, Jing; Wang, Hongjun et al. (2014) Is diaphragm motion a good surrogate for liver tumor motion? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 90:952-8|
|Yang, Juan; Cai, Jing; Wang, Hongjun et al. (2014) Four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging using axial body area as respiratory surrogate: initial patient results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 88:907-12| | <urn:uuid:993a7206-4f56-49bb-b046-11aff05b86cd> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R21-CA165384-01A1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00209-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913339 | 664 | 1.757813 | 2 |
As of January 2014, the total population of metropolitan France (mainland and Corsica) and French overseas departments was estimated at 65,821 million inhabitants. France has the second largest population behind Germany in the European Union and before the United Kingdom. France thus accounts for 13 percent of the European Union’s population.
Life expectancy is high and rising, at 78 years for men and 85 years for women in 2013. The French population continues to age, and the proportion of the children and young people is diminishing despite a significant number of births in recent years.
"In 2014, education spending amounted to $172.7 billion USD. There are 64,000 preschool and primary schools, collèges (middle schools) and lycées (high schools). Some 4,600 higher education establishments exist in France.”
Preschool, primary and secondary schools (2014)
Primary school pupil/teacher ratio (2012): 18.9 to 1
Secondary school pupil/teacher ratio (2012): 12.5 to 1
Baccalauréat pass rate (2013 estimate): 73.7%
Higher Education (2014)
91,800 teaching staff
Health is a major priority. France spent €240.3 billion ($312.6 billion) in health expenditures.
Consumer care and medical goods accounts for three quarters of this spending, reaching an amount of €180 billion ($233.86 billion).
France has a total workforce of some 26.4 million, by a 2013 estimate. Within this category, 23.8 million are wage and salary earners, 2.6 million are non-salaried wage earners.
Breakdown by type of employment:
2.5 percent agriculture
24.3 percent industry
71.8 percent services
The French Republic is a secular state where all religious faiths and denominations are represented.
Roman Catholic: 83 percent - 88 percent
Muslim: 5 percent - 10 percent
Protestant: 2 percent
Jewish: 1 percent
Unaffiliated: 4 percent
Social and Demographic Information
Fertility rate: 2.0 children born/woman (2014)
Birth rate: 12.3 births/1,000 population (2014)
Life expectancy: 85 years old for women, 79 years old for men (2014)
Marriages: 241,000 (2014)
Marriage Rate: 3.5 marriages/1,000 population (2014).
Population breakdown by age (January 1, 2015)
24.7 percent under 20 years old
50.8 percent 20 to 59 years old
24.5 percent 60 years old and over
Average age: 40 years (2014)
The French Social Security system was introduced in 1945. It is based on the principle of solidarity which guarantees financial protection against hardships of financial, health and other kinds. In order to better address new demographic trends, the pension system underwent a major overhaul which was adopted as law in July 2003.
It covers health insurance, compensation for occupational injuries and illnesses, pensions and family benefits. These four main branches of the social security system are completed by the collection of social contributions and cash management.
In 2011, total net expenditures amounted to €320.3 billion ($416.13 billion) for the general scheme and are estimated at €442.2 billion ($574.51 billion) for all schemes combined in the most recent amending
Social Security financing bill. The French social security system is financed by social contributions paid by employers and employees, a general social welfare contribution (CSG) and various other contributions and taxes.
Approximately 1.8 million people in France—8 percent of the working population—are union members. This is one of the lowest percentages in the European Union.
The main centralized trade unions are:
the CGT (Confédération générale du travail),
the CFDT (Confédération démocratique du travail),
FO (Force ouvrière),
the CFTC (Confédération française des travailleurs chrétiens)
the FSU (Fédération syndicale unitaire).
Source : worker-participation.eu | <urn:uuid:6ab513d6-136b-4f04-86bb-a52508a3db02> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://franceintheus.org/spip.php?article508 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00147-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896227 | 869 | 2.296875 | 2 |
1300’s John Kolenda says borrowers should ‘get the facts’ and understand the risks before taking advantage of new government grants for constructed properties.
He made the comments after both the NSW and Queensland governments scrapped their first home buyers’ grants, replacing them with $15,000 construction grants.
Kolenda said committing to a new build presented problems for borrowers whose circumstances change during the construction.
“You are committing to a purchase that could be as much as 15 months away,” he said.
“This allows you to save more deposit which is great, but it also exposes you to risks like falls in the market or losing your job in the meantime and then you have trouble getting a loan approved.”
He said additional costs associated with new builds, particularly for apartments, made ‘expert’ advice even more crucial.
“It is certainly important that the government supports the building of new homes, but the lack of life and financing experience makes it especially important for first home buyers to have the assistance of relevant experts.” | <urn:uuid:fbadedab-1abb-4ec5-b8fb-00f5a3889ab9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.brokernews.com.au/news/breaking-news/beware-risks-of-new-builds-143976.aspx?keyword=construction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00314-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97652 | 223 | 1.703125 | 2 |
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Usually, when NASA launches a spacecraft to the International Space Station, the launch window is instantaneous. If the weather or anything else isn’t good right at that very second, it doesn’t go.
But this time, for Inspiration4, it’s not NASA launching and the four civilians are not going to the space station. After launching from Kennedy Space Center the spacecraft will pass the ISS and orbit the Earth for three days before returning.
When NASA started sending American astronauts back to space from American soil on an American rocket last year, the launches looked very different, compared to the days of the Space Shuttle.
The SpaceX capsule cannot land on a runway or in the desert in an emergency as the Shuttle could.
The capsule splashes down somewhere in the ocean and then just floats and bobs with the astronauts inside until rescuers -- typically the men and women of Detachment-3 at Patrick Space Force base -- come to get it.
NASA has a complicated set of weather rules for a crewed rocket launch, involving wave height, wind speed, lightning, clouds and rain up and down the East Coast and across the Atlantic that decides on any given launch day if it’s safe to fly and safe to rescue if needed.
On launch day, NASA monitors weather at 50 different locations from Cape Canaveral, up the eastern seaboard and all the way to Ireland.
Stephen Payne, former Space Shuttle test director in charge of contingency planning, said the decision to launch is never clear cut.
“If the entire path has heavy winds and high seas, that’s an easy decision,” Payne said. “If the path is clear but there’s a patch that’s not so good, perhaps you can adjust your abort range to cut it before or sometime after to avoid that piece. So there’s no real cut and dried answer. There’s a lot of things that have to go into the equation.”
After NASA’s Demo-2 mission with astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley, NASA eased some of those rules.
The chances of bad weather scrubbing a launch went from 1 in 7 to 1 in 4.
This time though, NASA is not making the rules; in fact, the U.S. space agency is largely uninvolved.
Inspiration4 is entirely a SpaceX mission, meaning the private company is responsible for rescuing the four civilians at sea if the automated capsule triggers an emergency ejection from the rocket.
That also means it’s up to SpaceX when to launch.
This time, the flight path does not take the capsule up to the International Space Station. The Inspiration4 crew has no destination, except space. For three days, the four civilians will just orbit the earth 360 miles up, higher than the space station.
If the waves in the Atlantic Ocean are too big and would make an emergency rescue too dangerous, Spacex could -- if it really wanted to -- change the flight path. Or the private company just launch another time.
SpaceX is planning to launch after 8 p.m. Wednesday.
SpaceX said mission managers will determine a five-hour launch window based on predicted weather conditions at Kennedy Space Center, along the flight path, and at potential emergency landing sites off Florida. | <urn:uuid:a7413eb7-7542-4249-939d-5da82d674913> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2021/09/15/why-the-inspiration4-all-civilian-mission-has-a-better-chance-of-launching/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.930886 | 694 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Three keys to preventing falls in senior living environments are staff members' awareness of challenges facing residents, a belief that they can help address some of those issues, and their taking action based on that belief, says Lynn Beattie, vice president of injury prevention at the National Council on Aging.
“Everyone has a role to play and a contribution to make in fall prevention, as long as they have some education,” she says. “Within their sphere of influence, they can make a difference.”
Vision is a major risk factor associated with falls, says Beattie, who leads the national Falls Free Initiative and is involved with many projects related to falls prevention.
“As we age…you have less light entering the eye, and so it’s harder to see in darkened areas, it’s harder to see contrasting edges, it’s harder to see slips and spills, it’s harder to see the brick or sidewalk that might be sticking up. So just by aging alone, an increased risk [exists] around vision,” she says. “And vision is part of your balance system. It’s also is how you interact with the environment, which may be unsafe. So it’s all integrated.”
If a resident falls, he or she should be examined so that any related health needs can be addressed, Beattie says. Ongoing assessments—including a fall risk assessment—and subsequent monitoring may prevent falls from occurring in the first place, she adds. And preventing falls in the first place can reduce costs in the healthcare system, according to Jeff Todd, JD, chief operating officer of Prevent Blindness America.
$20 BILLION IN COSTS
The organization issued a report, “The Cost of Vision Problems: The Economic Burden of Vision Loss and Eye Disorders in the United States,” in June. According to the research, which was conducted by the University of Chicago, annual nursing home costs related to vision impairment or blindness in those aged at least 65 years totaled about $16.8 billion; these costs are borne by the government, private insurers and individuals. Vision loss-related skilled nursing facility care, calculated separately from nursing home care, was estimated as $3.4 billion.
“So we’re talking close to $20 billion that relates to long-term care of folks who are visually impaired or blind,” Todd says. “Certainly this emphasizes the…importance of prevention and why we need to detect the problems early that can not only reduce the costs involved in long-term care but also increase quality of life and independent living for people who are able to get their vision issues diagnosed early and treated before they lose significant vision.”
Todd says that falls figure prominently in the cost estimates. “We know that repeated falls are a significant predictor of nursing home admission,” he adds. “As people age and we see falls increase, there’s a direct correlation between the number of people who are going into long-term care. There’s also a pretty strong correlation to the role that vision plays in that.”
About one-fourth of people with vision impairment who are aged more than 85 years had reported a fall in the past three months, Todd says. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study, he adds, “showed that those individuals with impaired central vision, through macular degeneration and other conditions, are almost three times higher to experience falls with injuries than those with no visual impairment. And those with peripheral vision problems such as glaucoma are almost one and a half times at greater risk for falls with injury.”
11 MORE TIPS
Senior living communities can take several additional steps to prevent vision-related falls in their facilities and reduce costs locally and generally within the healthcare system, according to Todd and Beattie: | <urn:uuid:f1c6ab8b-fde1-4806-8189-3deb1951f4e0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ltlmagazine.com/article/preventing-falls-can-be-within-your-power | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00097-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969558 | 804 | 2.375 | 2 |
The most fundamental thing you have in common with any other being
There’s a verse in an ancient Buddhist text that says something to the effect that we all want to be happy, and yet we destroy happiness as if it was an enemy, and we all want to avoid suffering, yet run towards it as if it were a dear friend.
This really resonates with my experience, and recently I’ve been incorporating a reflection based on this into my lovingkindness practice.
I start with myself. I recollect that I do in fact want to be happy and acknowledge how difficult it can be at times to experience joy and wellbeing. And then I ask whether some part of me is prepared to root for my own happiness and wellbeing. The answer is always “yes.”
The phrase “some part of me” is important here, because if you just ask yourself “am I prepared to root for my own happiness,” you might get an ambiguous or negative response. We’re complex beings, and on the surface we may not detect much self-metta (lovingkindness) but one some level there’s always some part of us that’s looking after our interests, protecting us from harm, and keeping us going. Even when you’re depressed, you take care not to walk under a bus while crossing the road.
It’s this self-care, which is intrinsic to our being, that’s the basis of lovingkindness toward others. The Buddha put it like this:
Searching all directions
with one’s awareness,
one finds no one dearer
In the same way, others
are dear, each to themselves.
So one should not hurt others
if one loves oneself.
He also expressed a similar reflection in the Dhammapada:
Life is dear to all. Comparing others with oneself, one should neither strike nor cause to strike.
So I then apply the same reflection to others, starting with the friend: “Do I want to support this person in the struggle they are engaged in to find happiness and to avoid suffering? Is there some part of me that’s willing to root for them?” Again, the answer my heart gives is always “yes.”
Then the neutral person — the person we don’t really know as a person but perhaps as a role, such as a post-office worker, checkout clerk, or colleague. Although I don’t know this person, I’m considering something very fundamental about them. In fact it’s probably the most fundamental thing you could know about any being: they want to be happy, and find it hard to achieve that. They don’t want to suffer, but keep stumbling into suffering. And again, a sense of being prepared to root for this person tends to come quite easily and naturally.
And then the difficult person. Same thing. They are driven to find happiness, but find happiness elusive; impelled to avoid suffering, and yet they keep experiencing suffering. They’re just like me. Is there some part of me that can support them, root for them? And this is where the “some part of me” comes in handy again.
You don’t have to like the person you have conflict with. You don’t have to love them. You don’t have to think they’re a nice person. You don’t have to forget bad things they’ve done for you. It may actually cause you pain to call this person to mind (accept that pain!). But you can acknowledge that they want to be happy and find happiness hard to attain, and want not to suffer but cause themselves a lot of pain. And it’s not hard, recognizing that they’re just like us in this regard, to find that some part of us wants to support them.
I find this the most powerful way to connect with metta as something inherent. Although metta is something that needs to be developed, it’s not conjured from thin air. It needs first to be uncovered. This reflection helps reveal the lovingkindness that’s already within us. At our core we don’t want others to suffer, and want them to be happy, because in our hearts we know that what is true for them is true for us as well. | <urn:uuid:96c01b94-0914-422f-aa6e-0436cf2d4ce5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wildmind.org/blogs/on-practice/one-should-not-hurt-others-if-one-loves-oneself | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00223-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960287 | 923 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Sometimes it pays to doubt the principles of life. WeWork did simply that, by wondering about the really construct of a workplace. Prior to WeWork disrupted the industry with shared work areas, offices belonged to the well-known norm. While it fit mid to large-sized firms, start-ups, and entrepreneurs went to a considerable downside. Realty lease, rent, furniture, maintenance, and also energy costs are a major chunk of expenses that can place significant stress on companies with bootstrap company strategies andrew sumner wework.
However everybody needed to have an office and needed to sustain those persisting costs. The only exemptions were those startups running out of dorm rooms or garages, or authors functioning from cafes. If this was a challenge for thousands of thousands of small-scale companies and also entrepreneurs, for WeWork, it was a huge opportunity. They saw coworking spaces as a feasible service design that could be scaled as much as produce compelling cost performances.
Today, WeWork is associated with coworking. Remote work and also digital workplaces are currently getting normalized due to COVID-19. This new typical is not simply appropriate to small companies but big ventures as well. Coworking is right here to remain irrespective of a business’s dimension. What the pandemic forced on the globe is what WeWork had thought of almost a decade ago.
Which leads one to ask, what is the WeWork company model? What did WeWork do in different ways? Exactly how does WeWork gain their income? Why did capitalists wager huge on the company? Significantly, is its company version lasting?
What is WeWork?
WeWork was started by Adam Neumann, Rebekah Neumann, and Miguel McKelvey. Although it was founded in 2010, its origins can be mapped to Environment-friendly Workdesk, an environmentally friendly common office that the creators had actually begun in 2008. What they started in a warehouse quickly became a coworking model that was infected over 100 rooms. After a year, they sold the business to their companion that was likewise the property owner of the building. From the revenues of that transaction, WeWork was birthed.
Today it’s possibly the most recognized name in the coworking sector. WeWork has around 828 buildings globally satisfying near to 600,000 participants. The business that has 6000 workers is currently valued at around $3 billion. The business’s sub-brands consist of Rise by We, WeLive, as well as WeWork Labs, a startup incubator. Given that February 2020, Sandeep Mathrani, formerly of Brookfield Property Partners, as well as GGP Inc. has been the CEO of the company.
What does WeWork Do?
WeWork provides versatile coworking options to entrepreneurs, freelancers, as well as small companies. The firm also has large business as its clients. The business rents space from property owners in cities, redesigns it into a coworking area with workdesks as well as exclusive offices, and after that rents it bent on small businesses and also entrepreneurs. The company interfered with the commercial real estate market by making it adaptable.
Tiny companies as well as startups can not commit to the minimal viable rent required for office spaces as a result of two essential reasons. They commonly don’t have the monetary data transfer to sign long-term leases. Second of all, these business with restricted budget plans and also manpower may not require big workplaces. Also then, they are required to sign leases which brings about considerable redundancies as well as reoccuring expenditures. WeWork resolved that trouble by aggregating office space. Currently, business owners really did not need to fork over expensive leas for area they really did not require. They only had to spend for what they utilized, and also importantly, when they used it.
By making real estate flexible, something uncommon in the sector at a big scale, WeWork realized that it can tremendously boost the demand for common workplace, specifically in city areas. They likewise knew that their services couldn’t be one-size-fits-all.
WeWork has a functional collection of offerings that include hot workdesks, dedicated desks, exclusive office, as well as custom-made spaces.
Hot desks are perfect for consultants who do not have actually a taken care of schedule as well as can use the facility whenever they such as. They can stroll in and also choose any type of available workdesk. This is helpful for business tourists who may need workplace for a day or two. Committed desks are for those routine workers and also companies that may need area reserved for them. For local business that need their staff members to sit with each other, WeWork provides private office spaces that have all the facilities one would certainly anticipate from a specialist setup. They use personal privacy and exclusive accessibility.
The company additionally has a costs choice of tailor-made rooms that are created for ventures that would certainly want their workplace customized. These offices are outfitted with laboratories, board spaces, as well as suites for elderly monitoring. For larger groups, WeWork uses the choice of head office that includes private floorings, the choice of unique branding, and the freedom to have the layout customized.
WeWork’s special style was among the elements that got it a great deal of media attention in the beginning days. The focus got on establishing usual locations that would cultivate a sense of area amongst the occupants. For the owners, the ‘we’ in the company name was not ornamental or newfangled. It mirrored their vision of a neighborhood of people, and also firms, all working as well as networking harmoniously.
It’s important to note that WeWork is not an aggregator in the feeling that Uber as well as Airbnb are called collectors. They are not a platform where need as well as supply satisfy. They are not combining buyers and also sellers. They are the buyers, and also they are the sellers. The business isn’t in business of simply accumulating office and also linking them with business owners and also small businesses. Uber doesn’t very own autos and also Airbnb is not in the business of acquiring buildings. WeWork, on the other hand, rents room, converts them into feasible workplace floorings and after that sublets them with differing services at different price points.
This vital distinction means that WeWork needs to make considerable financial investments upfront to acquire the residential or commercial property, retool it, and also obtain the end product all set. This delivery component also leads to a scenario where the rate is relatively taken care of, with little possible for variable and also short-term costs fees based upon surges in demand. However the firm thinks that the significant benefits they use negate any kind of threats related to greater investments.
The universalization of the modern office can be mapped to the industrial age when supervisors as well as management physically had to be located at the manufacturing facility properties. This made looking after manufacturing simple. It also made sense to optimize resource allowance by having all employees under one roof. All factory are based on this concept of expense performances through centralization of individuals and also procedures. However in post-industrial cultures, an irreversible office appears like unwanted for a lot of sectors. Definitely several companies in the manufacturing as well as service markets require their workers to be on-premise. For several other companies as well as establishments, it’s entirely feasible for the staff to be off-site and also still be useful as a team.
Nevertheless, if the idea of the office was to connect individuals, what need does it serve when the employees are currently attached? This is acutely real for entrepreneurs, consultants, and also local business. WeWork makes specialist spaces accessible to them at a fraction of the expense of traditional office space.
To start with, entrepreneurs as well as local business owner can save a great deal of time with WeWork. Discovering the best office space in a city is time-consuming. For small businesses with restricted sources, this can be restricting, and also will frequently result in sub-optimal leasing choices. With WeWork, they can begin instantly. There’s no hunting about, no conversations with landlords, no arrangements on lease.
Low Financial investment
There are no financial investments needed upfront. Renting out office translates to considerable costs on not just the lease however broker agent charges, interior design and also furniture costs, on-site branding expenditure, etc. Business owners as well as small companies save a significant quantity of cash when they select the WeWork design that doesn’t need any one of these.
WeWork makes tremendous sense for smaller operations is that there are no added reoccuring expenses. With a regular workplace, whatever from utility expenses to safety charges to equipment upkeep expenses to other assorted expenditures can amount to high month-to-month expenses. Most of these costs are independent of the size of the organization. Whether it’s a two-person startup or a local business with six people, there will certainly be these unavoidable expenses. Yet not with WeWork. This likewise suggests that small businesses and also entrepreneurs don’t have to worry about the common functional problems associated with office.
The 4th advantage of WeWork is that most of its homes remain in remarkable locations. These are addresses that staff members would love to travel to, as well as would certainly like to flaunt. The right place additionally suggests that its incumbents don’t have to travel too much or be required to work from even more congested parts of the city. And also, the facilities WeWork offers are a terrific attraction for workers. When small businesses have offices that staff members eagerly anticipate mosting likely to, furnished with desirable centers, it likewise becomes less complicated for them to bring in talent.
Ultimately, freelancers and entrepreneurs like WeWork for its feeling of neighborhood. The floor plans and also insides are purposefully created to urge communications. There is a provision in their app that enables individuals to communicate with each other with messages and blog posts. All these are expected to not simply naturally bring about more opportunities yet also a feeling of neighborhood. These five benefits are compelling value proposals for those beginning or are leading small businesses. But their advantages are bring in occupants past those from the gig economic situation. Huge enterprises have actually also partnered with WeWork for the unmistakable benefits the co-working huge deals. Several of them have begun utilizing WeWork centers as centers for a few of their localized staff members. | <urn:uuid:4d5ea994-b117-4483-a97d-08abcaf624c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prodigemusic.com/andrew-sumner-wework/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.980142 | 2,168 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Research conducted by Harris Poll and analyzed by Ovum finds that, globally, 89% of more than 800 senior business managers and IT professionals who responded felt their organization is now more at risk from insider attacks; 34% felt very or extremely vulnerable.
The report emphasizes the growth in the range of miscreants that can be classified as insiders making the threat environment more difficult to deal with as it moves beyond employees and privileged IT staff.
Given the prevalence of third-parties involved in critical business operations and granted access to business networks and data, this white paper covers the importance for companies to understand how to govern and assess third-party vendors to ensure the integrity of their security programs. While outsourcing business processes and infrastructure elements to third parties may offer convenience, efficiency and reduced operational costs, it can also be a gateway to significant risks.What you will learn:
- The security risks third parties pose
- Why governance must include data management
- How to conduct a third party assessment | <urn:uuid:2eddae6b-38a6-4a47-8dbf-11cb8b1aa541> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.secureworks.com/resources/wp-mitigating-security-risk-from-partners | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00219-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963391 | 198 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Stellar Evolution and The Habitable Zone: Overall Properties and the Impact of Activity and Rotation
M. H. Pinsonneault (Ohio State University)
The impact of stellar properties on the habitable zones around them are discussed. The predicted luminosity as a function of mass, composition, and age is well-constrained. However there is recent data indicating that the radii of lower-mass stars are inconsistent with theoretical predictions. I will present evidence in favor of a significant activity-radius effect as the likely explanation. I will also review effects typically neglected in stellar models, especially rotation and activity, and argue that they can have a significant impact on habitability. | <urn:uuid:1c828662-4557-4515-8820-149286e2870e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.stsci.edu/institute/conference/spring2009/abstracts/pinsonneault.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00288-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934381 | 138 | 1.679688 | 2 |
THE NEW MASSACHUSETTS MECHANICS’ LIEN LAW
On August 9, 1996, Governor Weld signed into law Chapter 364 of the Acts of 1996, making major revisions to Chapter 254 of the General Laws, which is the mechanics’ lien statute. This legislation effects the most major changes to the lien law accomplished since 1915. and will 0take effect on or after February 7, 1997. These changes include, without limitation, a broadening of coverage (as to what kind of projects are covered), a broadening of who may file a lien and fairly extensive improvements as to the timing of the filing of the lien, including a substantial reduction in the importance of the concept of “completion dates”. One keeps in mind that revisions to the mechanics’ lien law are not easily made because of a number of factors including the fact that this is a dry and technical subject (boring to the legislators) and that concurrence of (or, at least, not actual opposition by) the conveyancers and banks are required for making changes to the statute. Therefore, the existing statute with the 1996 amendments are likely to be the law of the Commonwealth for quite some period of time. Thus, it is now time to examine this new law.
Because of the wording of the statute, however, the existing lien law in effect prior to this recent change will control some projects for conceivably a period of the next several years. In other words, and as will be explained below, some projects will be covered by the new lien law immediately and some will not.
In order to understand the changes in the lien law, it is necessary to recite the basic tenets of the existing law. Thereafter, we will extensively comment on the changes brought about by the new lien law and will suggest forms for complying with the same.
II. SUMMARY OF PRE-EXISTING MECHANICS’ LIEN LAW .
Under the existing lien law, three classes of worker/suppliers are protected, which include individual laborers performing work on private property (in accordance with Section 1), general contractors (in accordance with Section 2) and subcontractors (in accordance with Section 4). Massachusetts does not allow mechanics’ liens on public property.
The rules applicable to mechanics’ liens are myriad. For example, a general contractor cannot have enforceable lien rights unless his contract contains a specific completion date. A subcontractor, on the other hand, does not need a completion date in its subcontract to have enforceable lien rights. Both generals and subs, however, need to have a written contract. And, all parties - including material suppliers to either the general contractor or subcontractor - need to have a written contract that specifically references the job in question. For a material supplier to have legally sufficient lien rights under the existing law, the purchase order (s)/contract (s) has to be very specific that it intends to cover all deliveries made to a particular identified project. Otherwise, the mechanics’ lien rights will attach themselves individually to the respective purchase order (s), which could well be a procedural nightmare for lien purposes.
The key concept in existing lien law with regard to mechanics’ liens from subcontractors and general contractors is to tie the filing of the mechanics lien into the completion date of the contract. Generally speaking, all mechanics’ liens need to be filed by the completion date in the contract. Once that completion date has expired, lien rights themselves will have expired. Subcontractors without completion dates in their subcontracts can sometimes file liens beyond the time of the performance of their actual work provided the liens are filed prior to the general contractor’s completion date and that the owner does not contest the estimated completion date under the procedures outlined by the statute.
Of course, the major difficulty with this is that by the time the subcontractor or general contractor has determined that there is a serious payment problem, in all likelihood the completion date has already gone by or, if the completion date has not gone by, the subcontractor or general contractor is afraid to file a lien because as anyone who has participated in this process knows, hell hath no fury like that of a liened owner (and its lender)! Under the existing statutory scheme for filing a mechanics’ lien, upon the filing of the lien, the usual downward flow of money comes to a halt. This happens because a lender(s) prior recorded mortgage is not senior to any mechanics’ lien as to any disbursements which have not been made or guaranteed as of the date of the filing of the lien. (One must keep in mind that although there are three steps in perfecting a lien, the lien is effective and in place as of the date of the filing of the notice of contract.) Since the lender, therefore, loses its security interest as to further disbursements, the lender ceases making further disbursements. In my experience, lenders tend to view any encumbrance to title - including mechanics’ liens - as valid, even if the mechanics’ lien documents are invalid on their face. Moreover, even if the lender does not know about the lien or does not make a big deal about it the owner is likely to do so as a mechanics’ lien judgment gives a subcontractor or a general contractor the right to sell the piece of property in question. Our informal polling of several lawyers doing this kind of work has indicated that as to mechanics’ lien sales there are almost never any realization of monies by lien judgment holder inasmuch as those sales are subject to all prior security interests including mortgages, attachments and other mechanics’ liens. Thus, it is no secret that the real purpose of filing a mechanics’ lien is not primarily to achieve a security interest in the owner’s real estate but to either obtain present payment or the “bonding off” of the lien, which then essentially guarantees payment providing the claimant can both prove successful compliance with its applicable contract and with the provisions of Chapter 254, which is the lien law statute.
Under the existing law - which will govern projects up to February 7, 1997 and many projects after that date - there are essentially three steps in filing and perfecting a mechanics’ lien.
The first step is to file a notice of contract prior to the completion date as contained in the subcontract or general contract. The form is not particularly difficult with the exception of obtaining the legal description of the property in question, which can sometimes be a task of near gargantuan proportions, particularly when one is researching the title for a property such as the Solomon Pond Mall, which is contained both in two towns and in two counties! The notice of contract has to be filed at the Registry of Deeds having jurisdiction over the town where the property is located. By statute, a subcontractor has to provide “actual notice” to the owner, which means notice with proof of actual delivery, which is usually certified mail with a return receipt requested. There would be, however, no reason that I could think of where either a general contractor or a subcontractor would not provide actual notice to all parties having an interest in the real estate, including the owner and, in certain circumstances, anyone having a leasehold interest. For, the pressure the tenant can bring to bear on the owner can be a very effective weapon in accomplishing payment.
The second step in perfecting a mechanics’ lien is for the subcontractor/general contractor to file a sworn statement of claim in accordance with Section 8 of Chapter 254. Under the existing law, the notice of contract for either a subcontractor or general contractor need not state any financial information in the notice of contract, whether that information be the amount of the contract and change orders, the amount paid to date or the amount of any potential claim. In the sworn statement of claim, the subcontractor or general contractor has to state a “just and true account of the amount owed”, which needs to include all accepted credits. This document must be filed within 30 days after the date of the completion date as contained in the subcontract or general contract. If the subcontractor has used an estimated completion date in the filing of the notice of contract, then the sworn statement of claim would have to be filed within 30 days of that date.
The final step in this process is to file a complaint in the Superior Court within 60 days from the date of filing the sworn statement of claim. Note that while the filing of the notice of contract and the filing of the sworn statement of claim are keyed into the completion date, the third step requiring suit in the Superior Court is tied into the date of actual filing of the sworn statement of claim. That means, in simple English, that the complaint has to be filed within 60 days from the date the sworn statement is actually filed (received in the Registry of Deeds). A practice tip for the uninitiated: if at all possible, hand file your lien notices with the Registry of Deeds. The reason I say this is the different Registry of Deeds have different standards for the receipt and filing of documents. For example, some Registries will not accept for filing lien documents which do not reference the book and page number of any prior filed lien documents. Moreover, the registries are sticklers for such details as having the notary indicate the county where the notarization takes place and having all of the dates in the document agree one with another. If you cannot hand file, then try to file your lien documents as much as a month before they are actually due to allow for processing of the document and/or for any possible return. In my experience, if the documents are returned as not being acceptable for filing because of some technical defect, they are returned relatively quickly - within two weeks. Otherwise, the document is returned to whomever is indicated as the party sending the document within a period of four to six weeks after the document is sent to the Registry of Deeds.
After the filing of the Superior Court complaint an “attested-to” copy of the complaint has to be filed with the Registry of Deeds. This is simply a court-stamped copy of the complaint indicating the docket number and that the copy of the complaint is a true copy of the complaint on file with the Superior Court. After that point, the mechanic’s lien case becomes similar to other civil litigation and proceeds throughout the Superior Court.
III CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE 1996 AMENDMENTS
There are numerous changes which have been brought about by this new statute.
A. Change in the meaning of the word ‘contract For one thing, the definition of the word ‘contract’ has been changed. Under the case law interpreting Section 2 of the pre-existing Chapter 254 (the provision pertaining to the notice of contract for the general contractor) a claimant must show the existence of a contract in writing as the foundation of an enforceable lien. If the statute is not followed in that regard, no lien can be established. Adams & Powers Co. v. Seder, 257 Mass. 453 (1926). And, an ill-fated case applied to general contractors stated that the completion date in the notice of contract must be the date set forth in the written contract. Blount Bros. Corp. v. Lafayette Place Associates, 399 Mass. 632 (1987).
For subcontractors, the cases interpreting Section 4 (that section applicable to the subcontractor notice of contract) state that a lien could not be established on property where a supplier had not entered into a written contract with the subcontractor. Gettens Electric Supply Co. v. W.R.C. Properties, Inc., 21 Mass. App. 658 (1986). Thus, as stated in the Gettens case, 223 purchase orders and invoices given to an electrical subcontractor by a supplier were not a “written contract” which contemplated the entire and continuing arrangement in writing between the supplier and subcontractor.
As defined by Section 2A of Chapter 364 of the Acts of 1996, “written contract” now means: “any written contract enforceable under the laws of the commonwealth”. Although the meaning of any word is not clear - as legal things go - until an appellate court has visited (and revisited) the issue, it would appear that this definition of contract is broader and will allow more contracts to be considered as susceptible of supporting a lien.
B. Change as to what kind of projects are subject to a mechanic’s lien
Under the preexisting law, it appears that a mechanics’ lien could only be filed with regard to the construction of a building. The basis for this statement is both in the statute and in the cases interpreting the statute. For example, a notice of contract form for general contractors as contained within the statute (Section 2) states that the written contract relates to: “the erection, alteration, repair or removal of a building or structure upon land, or for furnishing material therefor. . . “. The notice of contract form for a subcontractor (Section 4) again states the written contract relates to “furnish or has furnished labor or material, or both labor and material, or perform labor in the erection, alteration, repair or removal of a building or structure.” .
In addition to the statutory language, there are a number of older cases which stated that the improvements have to become part of the realty. See, Kennedy v. Commonwealth, 182 Mass. 480 (1903). In contradistinction, box enclosures for ashes and garbage in the rear of a house for whose construction lumber was used were not considered to be structures upon land within the meaning of this chapter. Curtis & Pope Lumber Co. v. Wolmer, 213 Mass. 456 (1913).
Under the new amendment to the statute, what is capable of being liened is defined as a contract relating to the “erection, alteration, repair or removal of a building, structure or other improvements to real property”. This is a broader definition and would seem to be something more expansive than merely a building. Again, the new statute will require litigation before this definition is more fully fleshed out. But one could imagine that a fence or swimming pool, for example, could be considered an improvement to real property but not something subject to a lien under the old statute if it does not attach to the building.
C. Change (broadening of) in the kinds of services which will support a mechanics’ lien
The existing law, whether applicable to subcontractors or general contractors makes integral as to what constitutes lienable services as furnishing labor and material for the “erection, alteration, repair or removal of a building or structure upon land” (Section 2 of Chapter 254). The new amendment broadens that coverage. For example, Section 2 of Chapter 364 contains the language of a general contractor having a contract with the owner “for the whole or part of the erection, alteration, repair or removal of a building, structure, or other improvement to real property, or for furnishing material or rental equipment, appliances, or tools therefor. . . to secure the payment of all labor including construction management and general contractor services and material or rental equipment, appliances, or tools which shall be furnished by virtue of said contract”. (emphasis added)
Section 5 of Chapter 364 - applicable to subcontractors - referencing as lienable items: “labor, including subcontract or construction management services, or who furnishes material or both labor and material or furnishes rental equipment, appliances or tools, under a written contract with the contractor or with the subcontractor of such subcontractor. . .” .
These amendments eliminate an argument typically made by owners that the lien applies only to labor and materials furnished for the actual building or structure. One would imagine that claims by equipment rental companies or for scaffolding, concrete forms and equipment such as Lull lifts would be more readily acceptable under this broader definition. Also, it may be that architects will have an increased chance of claiming for their actual on-site superintendence under the guise that such services may be considered to be “construction management and general contractor services”. There is a line of cases under the existing statute which says that an architect is not entitled to a lien for drawing plans and specifications. See, for example, Mitchell v. Packard, 168 Mass. 467 (1897). Other cases have suggested that an architect may have a lien for supervising the construction of the building. One would think that this broader definition may, indeed, increase the number or kinds of claims made by architects.
Also, recognizing construction management and general contractor services would seem to better fit into current general contract construction methodologies in which many general contractors supply little, if any labor to the actual construction of the project.
D. Change in the definition of what constitutes an “owner”
Under older case law, an owner actually had to enter into an agreement itself/himself to be chargeable with a mechanics’ lien. For example, an older case held that even where an owner of land knew that a building was being erected on his land, this was not sufficient to constitute consent on the part of the owner for the performance of that work under the mechanics’ lien law. Saunders v. Bennett, 160 Mass. 48 (1893). And, the Supreme Judicial Court has previously held that in the absence of owners’ authorization for construction of a building for use of a company to whom they had orally agreed to sell the land upon which the building was being erected, mere knowledge on the part of the owners that the building was under construction was not sufficient to show their consent under the lien law. Courtemanche v. Blackstone V.S.R. Co. 170 Mass. 50 (1898). See, however, Bordier v. Davis, 239 Mass. 448 (1921) in which the Supreme Judicial Court held that where an owner of property knew construction work was in progress and urged the contractors to hurry it on and told them that the houses that they were erecting were hers and that she would pay for them, this was held to have been assent to a contract made by workmen with another party.
This has been changed under the new law, which is as follows. Under the new law, an owner is defined under Section 2 as: “the owner of any interest in real property, or with any person acting for, on behalf of, or with the consent of such owner for the whole or part of the erection, alteration, repair or removal of a building, structure, or other improvement to real property. . . “.
Thus, under the broader definition it would appear that a general contractor contracting with a property manager of an apartment house - as opposed to contracting directly with the owner - can obtain a lien upon the apartment house because of the express or apparent authority of the property manager to contract for those services. (The reader is cautioned, nonetheless, to get written evidence of any third person’s authority to act on behalf of any owner wherever possible).
Similarly, by this language it would appear that by this broader definition a contractor performing tenant work - such as finishing out a restaurant at a mall, for example - would be able to obtain a lien on the tenant’s (leasehold ) interest.
E. Change in when a lien can be filed: abolition of the concept of completion date and the substitution of the concepts of substantial completion and termination of the general contractor; The concept of “notice of identification”.
The new rules for when a mechanics’ lien can or must be filed are a great deal broader than the older rules and should achieve real relief for creditors. That is the “good news”. The “bad news” is that the new procedure is somewhat more complicated than the older procedure - and particularly for the next several years when a Philadelphia lawyer or a Ouija Board (or both) will be consulted for every significant lien - and must be studied and thoroughly understood. For, under the new filing scenario, the concept of “completion date” has been essentially replaced by other criteria.
Those criteria which are that the lodestar for timing purposes under the new amendments is the substantial completion of the project as a whole or the filing of the notice of the termination of the general contractor by the owner: both new concepts with new forms for mechanics’ liens.
The general contractor, as before, can file a notice of contract at any time after execution of the written contract and, per the language of the statute, “whether or not the date for performance stated in such written contract has passed” (doing away with the effect of the Blount Bros. case) but not later than the earliest of the following three events: (1) sixty days after the filing or recording of the notice of substantial completion described, infra; or (2) ninety days after the filing or recording of the notice of termination under Section 2B (discussed infra) or (3) ninety days after such person or any person by through or under him performs the last labor or materials with regard to the real estate improvement.
This timing mechanism has introduced two new concepts into the lien law being the notice of substantial completion and a notice of termination (a sample form.
(1) Concept of “substantial completion” The new amendments define “substantial completion” as being a time when the “work under the written contract is sufficiently complete so that it can be occupied or utilized for its intended use” - a standard which reflects the current standard for the concept of substantial completion in the construction industry. As provided for under the new amendments at such time as substantial completion of any contract subject to a lien is reached, the owner and general contractor “shall execute and file or record in the appropriate Registry of Deeds a notice of substantial completion”. (For the purposes of statutory construction of words, the word “shall” is ordinarily construed as a mandatory word; an earlier draft of this statute seen by the author used the word “may”.) At such time as this is filed, the owner is required to serve written notice of the recording or filing of the notice of substantial completion to anyone who has previously filed a notice of contract. The contractor, upon the filing of the notice of substantial completion, is required to serve written notice of the recording or filing of the notice of substantial completion upon all of his subcontractors subject to written contracts and upon those persons who have given a “written notice of identification” to the general contractor prior to the date the notice of substantial completion is filed. (The concept of “notice of identification” will be explained below).
Such notices by the owner and general contractor have to be mailed certified mail, return receipt requested.
(2) The new “notice of termination”
The new amendments to the law also introduce the concept of the filing of the notice of termination. Upon the termination of the owner of the general contractor prior to the filing of the notice of substantial completion with regard to a contract subject to a potential mechanics’ lien, the owner “shall execute and file or record in the appropriate Registry of Deeds a notice of termination”. At such time as the owner makes that filing, he is required to serve written notice of the recording or filing of the notice of termination upon the general contractor and upon every person who has filed or recorded prior to that date a notice of contract, which notice has to be provided by certified mail, return receipt.
Moreover, upon receipt of such notice from the owner, the general contractor shall deliver a copy of such notice to every person who has entered into a written contract directly with the general contractor (thus, first tier subcontractors) or who has given to the general contractor a written notice of identification (thus second tier subcontractors). (One would think that at such a point as general contractor termination, the general contractor would lack the incentive to follow through with this notice.)
From all the notices required by these two amendments, one would think that its drafters either had stock in Weyerhauser or in the United States Postal Service, if that were possible!
(3) The new “notice of identification”
The idea behind a notice of identification is for a second tier subcontractor to give notice to the general contractor of his/her/its existence. If such a second tier subcontractor does not serve upon the general contractor a notice of identification, then the amount of such second tier subcontractor’s lien shall not exceed the amount due or to become due under the subcontract between the general contractor and the subcontractor whose work includes the work of the second tier subcontractor as of the date such person files his notice of contract. Put another way, in the absence of a notice of identification, a second tier subcontractor is limited to whatever money is in his contracting party’s (the subcontractor’s) account as due or to become due from the general contract at the time that such lien is filed. The second tier supplier/subcontractor, if interested in filing a notice of identification, has to give written notice of that notice - mail a copy - to the general contractor within thirty days of commencement of his performance. You will note that the notice of identification specifically provides for the dollar amount of the contract. It is not necessary, however, to be stated for contracts for the rental of equipment, appliances or tools. Moreover, the amount stated in any notice of identification shall not limit the amount of the lien. An inaccuracy in the naming of the general contractor or other information in such notice shall not affect its validity provided that there is “actual notice”. The only way I know of providing actual notice - as this concept is usually defined in these types of statutes - is to have a return receipt after sending the notice certified mail or by having the notice delivered by a constable or other officer authorized for the service of civil process with a proof of service. As one can imagine the argument being made that a fax transmittal report is “actual notice”, relying on such notification exclusively would appear to be rather dangerous, particularly where this statute in other places talks about sending notices certified mail, return receipt requested and the “law of faxes” is so unestablished.
(4) When a subcontractor must file a subcontractor’s lien.
Initially, the form for the notice of contract for a subcontractor is much more elaborate than what used to be required under the existing law. Thus, in the new notice of contract, the subcontractor has to provide essentially the same information - even, more - than would have been required under the old sworn statement of claim. For example, the subcontractor has to indicate the contract price, agreed change orders, pending change orders, disputed claims and indicate the amount of payments received.
This is when the subcontractor must file the notice of contract. Initially, the subcontractor can file the notice of contract at any time after the execution of a written subcontract, whether or not the date for performance of the work has passed and whether or not the work has been performed. However, the notice of contract must be filed not later than the earliest of: (1) sixty days after the filing or recording of the notice of substantial completion discussed elsewhere; or (2) ninety days after the filing or recording of the notice of termination discussed elsewhere; or (3) ninety days after the last date a person entitled to enforce a lien under section two of the new act - relating to general contractors - or anyone claiming by, through or under the general contract to have performed labor or materials or both labor and materials to the project.
F. Filing the ‘statement of account’ and subsequent suit
A general contractor must file a statement of account at the Registry of Deeds within the earliest of ninety days after recording the notice of substantial completion, within 120 days after recording the notice of termination or within 120 days after the last furnishing of labor or materials or rental equipment or tools by or through the general contract. The suit to enforce the lien in the Superior or District Court has to be filed within 90 days after filing the statement of account and an attested to copy of the complaint has to be filed at the Registry of Deeds within 30 days of commencement of the civil action! (Now the lay reader can understand why so many middle-aged - and younger - lawyers have so little hair: we pull it out trying to keep track of deadlines such as these!)
For subcontractors, they have to, of course, serve the notice of contract upon the owner by certified mail with a return receipt. Thereafter, they record the statement of account within the earliest of 90 days after the recording of the notice of substantial completion, within 120 days after recording the notice of termination or within 120 days after the last person entitled to claim a lien under Section 2 - that section applying to general contractors - last performs the labor or furnishes material.
Then, an action to enforce the lien must be filed in the Superior or District Court within 90 days after the filing of the statement of account. Similarly, the subcontractor must record a certified or attested-to copy of the complaint at the Registry of Deeds within 30 days of the commencement of the civil action.
For both general contractors and subcontractors, the time period for filing (recording) a statement of account is the earliest of the three options set forth above.
G. Summary process in Court for various matters.
Those who have filed mechanics’ liens under the old law know that this is not an action to be taken by those faint of heart. One of the problems with mechanics’ liens under the existing law is attempting to find out whether a lien is valid or invalid which can, of course, have a great deal of effect with regard to situations involving lenders. Section 15A of the new law provides that owners, contractors and mortgage holders can contest whether or not a particular lien is valid may apply to the Superior Court of the county where the land lies or in the judicial district where such land lies for an order summarily discharging of record the alleged lien or notice, as the case may be. An order of notice - a summons - to appear and show cause why the relief demanded in the complaint should not be granted shall be served upon the necessary party no later than seven days prior to the date of the scheduled hearing. Upon granting or denying the application, the court shall enter a final judgment on the matter involved or expeditiously order such further proceedings as are just.
Thus, there is now a “summary process” procedure whereby insufficient liens (or claimed insufficient liens) and other matters can be speedily brought to court and resolved, thus minimizing delays and expense to the parties.
Another change to the law involves lenders. Under Section 33 of the new amendments, lenders are prohibited from refusing to advance funds solely because the general contractor files a notice of contract, provided the general contract provides the statutory partial waiver and subordination of lien form with each progress payment. This provision is limited only to the general contractor and does not affect subcontractors.
One of the clarifications under the new law is who has the authority to sign the notice of contract and statement of account. For a corporation, a president, vice president, treasurer, clerk, secretary or any assistant to the foregoing, a principal, a partner, a proprietor, a trustee, or attorney for the entity entitled to record or file such an instrument may sign such documents. No corporate vote is required for a filing although a certificate of the acknowledgment or other proof of due execution shall be endorsed or annexed to such instrument as filed with the Registry of Deeds.
This is a pretty complicated law and it will be the rare individual who will understand these concepts thoroughly without reading them or the statute enacting them several times. Perhaps the biggest single improvement of the new law is expanding the time within which a mechanics’ lien can be filed. Undoubtedly, and particularly where many private owners do not require payment bonds from general contractors, mechanics’ lien practice will geometrically increase. The new statute will not be fully understood for many years in terms of various definitions and other items, only some of which have been suggested above. For, it will take several years of litigation and the subsequent appeals for appellate courts to more finely detail what the statute fully (really) means. The new statute, along with the wording of the older statute specifically provides that no contractual provisions purporting to bar the filing of a notice of contract of the taking of any steps to enforce a lien as set forth in Chapter 254 or purporting to subordinate such rights to the rights of other persons is enforceable and, in fact, such provisions are against public policy and are void.
The biggest problem of the existing law has been done away with: the paucity in the amount of time available within which to file a lien. More time is granted under this statute which will greatly enhance the ability of subcontractors and general contractors to file liens and, particularly, not to file them unnecessarily or prematurely.
A practice problem area under the existing statute is to obtain an accurate legal description of the land which is unchanged by the new statute. A new problem in lien practice under the new law will be to ascertain whether or not any particular project is governed by the new law. Under the old law, all that one had to do was obtain the name of the record owner and get a legal description of the real estate. To determine whether or not the lien has to be filed under the provisions of the new law or under the provisions of the old law, one will have to see whether or not there are any notices of contract on file and whether or not there is a first mortgage on file, which is substantially more work (expense) at the Registry of Deeds than was required previously. Of course, the tradeoff for all of the requirements of the new law is to hopefully enact a better lien law for the protection of subcontractors, suppliers and general contractors in Massachusetts construction. And, the greater certainty that any aggrieved party not only can file a lien but has a greater amount of time within which to file a lien will hopefully have the salutary effect of improving the flow of money in Massachusetts private construction projects.
Copyright, Jonathan Sauer, 1996
This article is intended to be general information and does not constitute specific legal advice. If you need legal advice, your interests would be best served by consulting with an attorney knowledgeable in the area of your concern.
Jonathan P. Sauer | <urn:uuid:30f7c373-bb5c-4844-a5b9-57953ac0eeab> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sauerconstructionlaw.com/Articles/Article14.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00231-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945092 | 7,229 | 1.632813 | 2 |
When you think about accounting, what may first come to mind may be number crunching, expense reporting or tax season. Admittedly, these are generally all true; however, I would like to introduce you to another side of accounting.
As some people may think of it, "accounting" may be little more engaging than tediously counting widgets or searching through endless paperwork to find journal entries to explain a one hundred dollar discrepancy. "Accounting," as it relates to financial loss or damages quantification, might use the same boxes of paperwork, in conjunction with external information to build a case. This change in approach and our intentions makes what we do an entirely different discipline. In the accounting family, we like to think of ourselves as the intriguing distant cousins who are invited occasionally to social functions because everyone at the table is afraid of what we will say next...
In our world, we go by the name forensic accountants. Forensic accounting engagements are defined in the Standard Practices for Investigative and Forensic Accounting Engagements as those that "require the application of professional accounting skills, investigative skills, and an investigative mindset" (Investigative & Forensic Accounting, 2006, pg.8). Combining accounting techniques with investigative research, forensic accountants can identify financial criminal and other suspicious activity like white-collar crimes or fraud. As well, within the "loss quantification" field in which I spend most of my time, forensic accountants provide estimates of losses and damages to our legal counterparts that may relate to shareholders disputes, breaches of contract, or personal injury.
For loss quantification engagements, typically we research specific industries, economic indicators and statistical trends. Our research then acts as the building blocks to either support or bring into question the information, or the lack thereof, provided to us. Combining accounting skills with investigative research, forensic accountants can identify issues that may be present in the financial problem we have been engaged to solve, such as commercial disputes or personal economic losses.
In completing our work, we rely on documentation provided by clients, conduct interviews and perform external research to develop reasonable "but for" scenarios had the issue not occurred. We are trained to draw calculated conclusions for court purposes and provide expert accounting evidence at trial. Therefore, it is critical that we examine every detail on every case. Forensic accountants are responsible to the public for ensuring that all the information we use is accurate and, when required, is supported by research. This accountability increases the demand for quality research.
Now, you may suppose that anyone can search the internet and find volumes of information on just about anything. This is true, but how reliable is the information? Certain sites on the internet, although easily accessible and user friendly, are in the public domain and are updated by the public. Some of these popular sites employ expert reviewers as well as electronic systems to catch substandard edits and articles. Nevertheless, the information is editable in real time, which potentially can result in downloading unreliable or inaccurate information. While trusted sites like Statistics Canada hold valuable information, they may be more difficult to navigate. Forensic accountants can research government, professional associations, and business journal and newspaper sites, gleaning valuable information that helps build the credibility of our expert reports and your case.
You might ask why this is important. Suppose, for example, your business was to experience a flood, which shuts down operations for a few months. How would your lost sales (and resulting lost profits) be calculated for your insurance claim? Is it more reasonable to use sales from last year, or are there industry-specific economic factors or business seasonal trends that need to be considered? A forensic accountant can assist with the preparation of your claim by using your financial information and supporting it with relevant statistical data.
By way of example, Statistics Canada publishes data regarding the average revenues earned by manufacturers in various industries. Did you know that – according to Statistics Canada - annual sales by Canadian manufacturers of tobacco products declined by almost two-thirds between 2001 and 2008, from $3.0 billion to $1.1 billion, but have since increased to $1.6 billion in 2012? (Data is obtained from CANSIM Table 304-0014.)
When quantifying an injured person's earnings loss due to an accident, we must consider that their current employment position may not be their intended long-term career. It may also be unclear, based on their aspirations, at what age they would have retired. The courts may have referred to this type of issue in forensic accounting as "crystal ball gazing." While we are trained to have special skills, being clairvoyant is not one of them. Historical and forecast statistical data on careers and workforce participation rates are the tools we use in place of a crystal ball. Consider a foreign-trained professional who is a recent immigrant to Canada and who was injured in an accident. What if that person was not working in a job related to their training at the time of the accident, but held a position in order to earn some level of income?
The breadth of the data compiled by Statistics Canada is extensive. For example, from the 2006 census, we can determine that less than 25% of the Canadian labour force were immigrants (defined as persons who have been or are landed immigrants) Although, more than half of those within the occupation "taxi and limousine drivers or chauffers" were immigrants (Source: Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006005). Of course, this observation may already be apparent to those who take taxis and engage their drivers in conversation!
When relying on an accounting auditor, you trust that they will perform the necessary checks and balances on each engagement. In a similar way, when you engage a forensic accountant to assist in a loss quantification or any other financial dispute matter, you trust that checks and balances are also used to support our conclusions. Our investigative training demands that our clients, other relevant parties and the courts consider our opinions trustworthy.
Although we may not be invited to every "family function" because of our perceived skepticism, we are there when we are needed. Rest assured we won't leave until dinner, along with any accounting challenge, has been properly digested!
Investigative & Forensic Accounting. (2006, November). Standard Practices for Investigative and Forensic Accounting Engagements. Retrieved March 21, 2013, from Chartered Accountants of Canada: http://www.cica.ca/focus-on-practice-areas/forensic-accounting/item61477.pdf
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances. | <urn:uuid:8450e00f-9b89-458f-bbc7-e799cac0f186> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.mondaq.com/canada/x/232986/Forensic+Accounting/Guess+Whos+Coming+For+Dinner+Make+Room+For+The+Forensic+Accountant | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00023-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955386 | 1,351 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Are International Students Eligible to Vote in the UK?
Do international students from Commonwealth countries have the right to vote? If they qualify, they should. Otherwise, they need to prove their citizenship. Read on for information on how to prove your citizenship. This article also includes information on whether international students from Commonwealth countries are allowed to vote in UK elections. After reading it, you will be able to vote in the UK in future elections. There are many advantages to studying in the United Kingdom, and we will discuss some of them.
Qualifying Commonwealth citizens
If you are a Commonwealth citizen, then you are eligible to vote in UK elections. However, you need to be of voting age and not be subject to any legal incapacity. You can register as a Commonwealth citizen in the UK by following the registration procedures. These steps are similar for students from other countries studying in the UK. Once you’re registered, you can vote in UK elections.
The British empire has left its mark on the world. Today, it continues to influence education, policing, governance, and voting rights for Commonwealth citizens. While Britain has become a multi-cultural country, many of its colonial laws are still in effect. In Britain, for example, after India gained independence, many British laws remained on the statute books. A new law review did not repeal these laws until after World War II.
There are many reasons why Commonwealth citizens can vote in the UK. Citizens of Malta, Antigua and Barbuda, Fiji, and the Caribbean can vote in UK elections. However, citizens of Zimbabwe and Anguilla, which are part of the British Antarctic Territory, do not have voting rights for their citizens. In addition, citizens of Gibraltar and the British Virgin Islands may also vote in UK elections.
European Union residents
Until the end of the Implementation Period, EU residents living in the UK are entitled to vote in local and national elections. In addition, they can stand for election in Police and Crime Commissioner elections in England and Wales. These changes will not affect EU citizens residing in Malta and Cyprus, as they will retain their Commonwealth citizenship and historical links with the UK. The list below shows the number of by-elections in each session since 1945-46, and the successful candidates in these elections.
Citizens of other countries may also be eligible to vote in UK elections, including the referendum on the EU’s membership. These residents must be UK citizens or qualifying Commonwealth nationals, and they can vote in local and EU elections. However, residents of Gibraltar or the British overseas territory are not eligible to vote in UK elections. They must be residents of that country. The UK has a dual system for voting.
The electoral commission website has a list of countries that are eligible to vote in local elections. Those from Commonwealth countries such as Cyprus, Malta, and the Republic of Ireland may also vote in local elections. They may also vote in London Assembly elections. They are not entitled to vote in UK Parliamentary elections, but they are allowed to vote in local elections. It is important to note that the voting rules in these countries are different from those in the UK.
In the UK, foreigners, including British nationals and international students, are allowed to vote in general elections. Generally, they are not allowed to vote in local elections, but can vote in UK Parliament elections. You must register to vote by the deadline on Tuesday, November 26. However, it may take a little longer than that if you are abroad. If you are living abroad, you should know that there are a few ways to get registered to vote in the UK.
In addition to British citizens, foreign nationals can vote in UK elections if they meet certain criteria. First, they must be citizens of a Commonwealth country. Second, they must have leave to remain in the UK without restrictions. If an applicant is a citizen of a Commonwealth country, the electoral registration officer can check their immigration status. Third, EU nationals who are legally resident in the UK may be eligible to vote in all local government elections. However, the forthcoming Elections Act 2022 will affect the voting rights of certain EU citizens in some local government and PCC elections in England.
Third, foreign students studying in the UK are allowed to vote. If they are British citizens or international students, they can cast their votes in the UK elections. In the UK, elections take place every five years to elect 650 MPs. The candidates in each constituency receive one vote. The party with the highest number of MPs is usually elected as the government, and the leader of that party becomes Prime Minister. In Northern Ireland, elections take place every five years. The Northern Ireland Assembly elects five MLAs, and a government is formed by a combination of the parties. | <urn:uuid:4fc671c8-beba-4289-bffd-0b7abb1d0ce4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eu-studentvote.org/are-international-students-eligible-to-vote-in-the-uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.96709 | 966 | 2.34375 | 2 |
"In the memorials to Steven P. Jobs this week, Apple’s co-founder was compared with the world’s great inventor-entrepreneurs: Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Alexander Graham Bell. Yet virtually none of the obituaries mentioned the man Jobs himself considered his hero, the person on whose career he explicitly modeled his own: Edwin H. Land, the genius domus of Polaroid Corporation and inventor of instant photography."
The article is "The Man Who Inspired Jobs," written by Christopher Bonanos, from the World's Best Photography Magazine.
How to impress women
Meanwhile, I got the following Jobs tale from my pal Pete:
Long ago I spent a workday with Mr. Jobs during the "Lisa" release, doing photo work. Sometime during the day this story came out and it was memorable.
Steve was in New York during the previous week. He notoriously didn’t carry a wallet or keys and so forth. (For most of our day he was in his socks—no shoes, although he put a tie on for a couple of shots.) He found himself in his hotel’s bar and was in conversation with two nice women. They treated Steve to drinks. But when it came his turn to buy, he didn’t have any money. The two women didn’t know who he was, just a nice guy who had no money. He told the ladies the he was good for the cost of a round of drinks as he would get some money from his traveling companions.
The women were unsure of his promise but paid for the drinks. At his next turn, he again promised money from his friends; they were late, but would arrive soon. He told the women that he and a friend (Woz) started a computer company in California and that he was paid well and was good for the drink money. The women were more leery at this point about fronting money to this guy with promises and no wallet. Then Steve remembered that his photo was to be on the cover of the current TIME Magazine. He told the women that if they would follow him out to the corner newsstand (in the rain) he would prove to them that he was good for the drink money and was not BS-ing about his work in California. Well, they went out into the rain and saw his photo on the cover of TIME—and the three of them went back to the hotel bar, where the two women bought the next round.
(Thanks to Steve Rosenblum and Pete)
Note: Links in this post may be to our affiliates; sales through affiliate links may benefit this site. More...
Original contents copyright 2011 by Michael C. Johnston and/or the bylined author. All Rights Reserved.
Featured Comment by Avram Levi: "Playboy re-published an interview with Steve Jobs from the 1980s. At one point he talks about Dr. Edwin Land: 'You know, Dr. Edwin Land was a troublemaker. He dropped out of Harvard and founded Polaroid. Not only was he one of the great inventors of our time but, more important, he saw the intersection of art and science and business and built an organization to reflect that. Polaroid did that for some years, but eventually Dr. Land, one of those brilliant troublemakers, was asked to leave his own company—which is one of the dumbest things I've ever heard of. So Land, at 75, went off to spend the remainder of his life doing pure science, trying to crack the code of color vision. The man is a national treasure. I don’t understand why people like that can't be held up as models: This is the most incredible thing to be—not an astronaut, not a football player—but this.'"
Featured Comment by Michael O'Donoghue: "Well—we all know what happened to Polaroid...." | <urn:uuid:7ba3d612-08a6-40fa-a6dc-57b6f04675f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theonlinephotographer.typepad.com/the_online_photographer/2011/10/steve-jobs-inspiration.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00326-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987856 | 803 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Last week, Britney Spears admirers all but hit the proverbial fan when an un-autotuned version of her single “Alien” leaked on the internet. WARNING: it’s bad. Really, really bad:
Of course, staunch Britney lovers immediately defended her, shouting out curses and declarations against the monster who posted the song. Before long, my entire Facebook newsfeed looked and sounded a little like this:
The horrors! How dare anyone make fun of Britney after all that she’s been through! Even the track’s producer, William Orbit, took to Facebook and issued a rather cryptic, strange statement about the leaked song. No where in his comments does Orbit deny that the voice on the track isn’t Spears; instead, he provided this observation:
“I’d like to affirm that ANY singer when first at the mic at the start of a long session can make a multitude of vocalisations in order to get warmed up.[…] Whomever put this on the internet must have done so in a spirit of unkindness, but it can in no way detract from the fact that Britney is and always will be beyond Stellar! She is magnificent! And that’s that.”
Alright, Mr. Orbit: Britney might be “beyond Stellar” (with a capital “S”), but you’ve got one thing wrong. Britney Spears is not a singer. She never was a singer, and she’ll never be a singer.
That’s not to say Britney Spears isn’t a lot of things: she’s an entertainer. She’s a performer. She’s rich as hell. But she’s not a singer.
And while we’re at it…Miley Cyrus? Not a singer. Nicki Minaj? Not a singer. Justin Bieber? Definitely not a singer.
Yes, these individuals are all talented in their own special ways: gyrating on stages, screaming obscenities into microphones, lip-syncing actual auto-tuned pre-recorded tracks. But to call them singers is an insult to those who actually, well, train and can sing. It’s part of a larger problem with how we perceive musical talent into today’s pop-star-laden TMZ world. These performers are a mimicry of music, of singing, of sound.
That’s why, when the horrors of Britney’s unrefined voice hit the Internet, people lost their crap. How could she sound like this? Hate to break it to you, but she’s always sounded like this; what you think of as “Britney Spears singing” is really just a bunch of computers.
Britney has her own act in Vegas now, and she packs them in to the Planet Hollywood Resort where she plays. I have no doubt that audiences can see Britney fly through the air, dance in shiny silver outfits, and parade around a stage surrounded by fire. But sing?
Well, you’ll just have to leave that question to the pop star behind the curtain.
Follow Bryan Buttler on Twitter. | <urn:uuid:5d3446aa-ed53-4038-89c9-4a7df0862a5d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.phillymag.com/g-philly/2014/07/15/britney-spears-singer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00499-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928673 | 672 | 1.632813 | 2 |
The EMBA program aims to train senior competitive management personnel with professional ethics, innovative and entrepreneurial ability in global markets. By adopting the advanced foreign management ideas and integrating them with local conditions, the school focuses on improving students’ decision-making ability and strategic management skills under various risk backgrounds. The students’ management skills and the arts of comprehensive management abilities are achieved through massive commercial case analysis, simulation exercises, field trips and teamwork efforts.
As the up-and-coming one in domestic Executive MBA education, EMBA program of the USTB persists in excellent tradition and practical experiences and works hard for training senior management with keen insight on risk management, international competition and innovation, under the background of global competition and acquisition.
Following the fine tradition of “Rigorous Style of Study and Advocating Practice” of the USTB and the spirit of “Morality in Practice and Study by Innovation” of the SEM, the EMBA program pays great attention to develop students’practical ability and individuation. The SEM aims to train senior managers with business ethics, open mind and strong innovative ability. The EMBA students should become internationally competitive business leaders who possess modern economic theories and global vision; and are sensitive to global business, technology and economic trends.
Systematic and Innovative Curriculum System
The EMBA courses are divided into two parts which are core fundamental courses and elective courses. The core fundamental courses include 12 ones such as Business English Communication, Managerial Economics, Finance, Human Resource, Organizational Behavior, Strategy, Innovation Management, Marketing, Corporate Responsibility, and Leadership. The elective courses include 25 ones such as Operation, Corporate Law, Operational Research, Oversea Study Tour, Investment, International Business, Project Management, and Crisis Management. Students can select elective courses based on their own demand and interests after completing the required mandatory credits.
A Teaching Mode Integrating Selected Topics Lecture, Enterprise Class and Study Tour
Different from other master programs, the students of EMBA are part-time and the courses are delivered at regular intervals. To optimize the curriculum structure, entrepreneurs, experts, professors, and even government officers are invited to give lectures for students. Combining the hot issues of economic development and management, the latest information, knowledge, concept and perspective are integrated into the curriculum. As for courses of corporate management, practical business cases and on-site courses are mixed into instructions; students are stimulated to provide corresponding solutions through analysis and diagnosis in real business cases and situations. In terms of study tour, we insist the “2+1 mode”, with 2 referring to twice national tours and 1 referring to once international tour. In mobile courses, the course learning, enterprise visiting, specialized topic analysis and foreign culture understanding would be merged together,therefore the students’ enthusiasm could be greatly aroused. The mobile classes, especially the international ones have received great reputation because the students’vision is widened significantly.
Value-added Service: Lifelong Learning System and League Communication Platform
EMBA program adopts flexible learning mode with a duration of 2-5 years. The USTB develops lifelong learning system which allows the EMBA alumni comeback to school taking EMBA courses to update their knowledge if they have the wish and the chance to come back. The EMBA students of the USTB automatically become the members of the EMBA alumni association which organizes many fellow and public service activities every year, served as a lifelong communication platform for the members. | <urn:uuid:aeeccf91-0865-4a9d-ab90-0916d2cac662> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.koiwa-cjs.com/english/Admission/EMBA/index.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.93057 | 718 | 1.679688 | 2 |
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Thread: Query returns wrong rows
Feb 25, 2005, 21:05 #1
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Query returns wrong rows
Hi everybody, my name is James. Long time lurker, first time poster, I try to visit the site daily and have learned lots from it...
Anyway, I have a php script that querys a MySQL database and returns a list of current events, I'm trying to only return events that are > or = to the current date. But it returns rows that have a previous date.
Here are the relevent parts of the code.
$curdate = time();Code:
$events = @mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Events, Authors WHERE $curdate<=Events.Event_Date AND Events.Author_ID=Authors.AID ORDER BY Events.Event_Date ASC LIMIT 10"); | <urn:uuid:f2d1647c-6967-42a1-8301-71bf5d277505> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sitepoint.com/forums/showthread.php?237886-Query-returns-wrong-rows&p=1709244&mode=threaded | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00144-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.81548 | 205 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Page 827 Van De Graaff Human Back Matter Anatomy, Sixth Edition 812 Glossary mitosis (mi-tosis) The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.Popov, T.
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The metadata of all NDB/ADB articles is additionally mapped to concepts of CIDOC-CRM excpressed according to webontology standards (Erlangen OWL).
Expressiveness is restricted due to missing granularity of formally representable statements.
A reformulated ontology using concepts of ... underlies a new mapping for our metadata.
The Linked Open Data Interface of the Neue Deutsche Biographie was a result of the LOD2 PUBLINK activity in cooperation with the AKSW group and the group of the Neue Deutsche Biographie at the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Within this project meta-data about 46,000 biographies and related 42,000 additional people and 4,000 locations has been made available as Linked Data and RDF triple. We used the vocabulary of the German National Library for the GND and adapted it by a few additional classes and relations.
Each article identified by an SFZ-number (internal ID, f.i. https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz68290.html) is linked with a RDF version of its metadata (resp. http://data.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz68290.rdf). All metadata had been mapped according to the GND-vocabulary and few own concepts.
In addition to the representation in RDF, we offer a OntoWiki instance to provide the ability for browsing an querying the dataset. With the help of the Relationshipfinder tool relations between two or more persons, may visualized using this SPARQL endpoint.
Vocabulary 0.1 (Dez. 2011):
Advanced User Interfaces (outdated): | <urn:uuid:85ac7f61-cb4a-4b06-8a7e-a65fd1a9074a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://data.deutsche-biographie.de/about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00061-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.862651 | 359 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Have a lot of fun training and understanding your Labradoodle puppy and dog with these fun helpful tips!
1. The Characteristics of a Labradoodle Puppy and Dog
2. What You Should Know About Puppy Teeth
3. How to Select Treats To Train Your Dog With
4. Some Helpful Tips for Raising Your Labradoodle Puppy
5. Are Rawhide Treats Good for Your Labradoodle?
6. How to Crate Train Your Labradoodle
7. When Should You Spay Or Neuter Your Dog?
8. When Your Labradoodle Makes Potty Mistakes
9. How to Teach your Labradoodle to Fetch
10. Make it Easier and Healthier for Feeding Your Labradoodle
11. When Your Labradoodle Has Separation Anxiety, and How to Deal With It
12. When Your Labradoodle Is Afraid of Loud Noises
13. How to Stop Your Labradoodle From Jumping Up On People
14. How to Build A Whelping Box for a Labradoodle or Any Other Breed of Dog
15. How to Teach Your Labradoodle to Sit
16. Why Your Labradoodle Needs a Good Soft Bed to Sleep In
17. How to Stop Your Labradoodle from Running Away or Bolting Out the Door
18. Some Helpful Tips for Raising Your Labradoodle Puppy
19. How to Socialize Your Labradoodle Puppy
20. How to Stop Your Labradoodle Dog from Excessive Barking
21. When Your Labradoodle Has Dog Food or Toy Aggression Tendencies
22. What you should know about Fleas and Ticks
23. How to Stop Your Labradoodle Puppy or Dog from Biting
24. What to Expect Before and During your Dog Having Puppies
25. What the Benefits of Micro Chipping Your Dog Are to You
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To access this title, visit your library in the app or on the desktop website. | <urn:uuid:dcac4669-def2-47b5-99f2-33021299be31> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://mobile.audible.com/pd/Self-Development/Fun-Training-Your-Labradoodle-Puppy-and-Dog-Audiobook/B00DH09CF4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00159-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.724762 | 431 | 2.5 | 2 |
Positive thinking… that is “The Secret,” according to a philosophical movement based on a book by Rhonda Byrne.
“The Secret” is touted by such miserable and fad-obsessed media-whores as the unmarried spinster Oprah Winfrey! Surely it’s working for her… since she was one of the richest self-made women before having even heard of it.
Before I go any further, the book is bullshit and the philosophy is nonsense, with absolutely no basis in fact. It literally posits the notion that positive thinking has a beneficial effect on exterior events. “The Secret” claims your positive thoughts actually radiate from you and affect things like your success and health. It’s the kind of crap “spiritual but not religious” people buy into.
That being said, there are still those who would say it is not about the supernatural statements, and that there are tangible benefits to positive thinking and goal setting. This is a more valid argument and one worth more than a paragraph of scorn.
Thinking positively can be very helpful at times. It is best to avoid being depressed, as this can actually worsen your health. It is best to act deliberately and with a plan under the assumption of success. However, if hard times come around or your plan is sidetracked, sometimes it is best not to think “positively,” as if “everything will just work out.”
Depression and unhappiness are not chemical imbalances. I know that when someone is unhappy, their biochemistry is different from that of an individual who is happy, but the unhappiness has a root cause beyond chemistry. Taking an anti-depressant can alter that chemistry, so that you don’t feel “depressed,” but it can’t actually fix anything in your life.
“The Secret” is essentially an anti-depressant. Like an anti-depressant, it only makes us feel better; it does not solve any problems that made us depressed in the first place.
If your job sucks, your spouse drives you nuts, your kids are bouncing off the walls … maybe instead of being depressed, taking an anti-depressant or just thinking positively… you should work on one of those things. Finding a new job, talking with your spouse, actually parenting your children… those are probably the real secrets to being happy.
Addressing the problems you face may be incompatible with your goals. Even more common, the goals we set are unrealistic and create a distraction from the challenges we must unwillingly face. For many people, it is a full-time job just staying afloat in this life, especially for single parents and the disabled.
Rich people like to say it’s all about effort. If success is solely a function of work ethic, then not only do the rich deserve what they have, but the poor can one day hope to attain wealth – or at least some decent standard of living. But in the end, this is merely a pleasant lie told to the masses, like using religion to explain the divine right of kings.
I wonder if people told Laci Peterson to just think positively and stick by her husband. I wonder if all the people who are getting laid off from their jobs were just Debbie Downers who deserve unemployment because of their cynicism. I wonder if it’s easier to sleep at night on a pile of dirty money believing you deserve to have more than you can ever use while fellow Americans declare bankruptcy at record rates. I wonder how long the cheap thrills and bullshit ideologies will distract us.
The growing ranks of the poor and homeless are filled with people who never gave up, just as the country clubs of the rich are filled with people who have never worked a hard day’s labor in their life. The Secret is that it’s all bullshit, and the rich are always ready to serve up seconds. | <urn:uuid:5a225532-d733-491b-a1a7-0d89fdddb5fa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://anythingbuttheist.blogspot.com/2009/10/secret-is-bullshit.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00149-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965496 | 820 | 1.507813 | 2 |
More In Economy & Business
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- Edifice Complex: China Is the World’s Largest Skyscraper Factory, Again
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China’s frothy property market seems finally to be taking a leg down, which could be bad news not just for China, but for some of its biggest trading partners.
So who gets hammered if Chinese construction workers stop hammering? And what if the construction slowdown causes a broader economic slump in the world’s second-largest economy?
Before we get to that, a gut check is in order. While property sales are off in Chinese cities and some measures show property-price declines, a catastrophic meltdown isn’t in the cards yet. Growth in China’s gross domestic product this year is still expected to be in the high single digits, property slowdown or not.
“We are not looking for a collapse,” says Jonathan Anderson, economist at UBS. “We are looking at three months of sequential rolling off and numbers stabilizing. We are not in the ‘run for your life’ camp. But the numbers are starting to roll and this is the time you watch.”
But if things do turn out badly, as some think they will, who gets hurt outside China? | <urn:uuid:3344e5dd-558b-48d9-a670-f15eee660c8d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/06/09/what-a-china-slowdown-means-for-the-world-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00097-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901555 | 344 | 1.710938 | 2 |
July 2021 Calendar: Hello Friends, Welcome to the collection of the latest July Printable Calendar. Today, in this article, we are publishing several Printable July 2021 Calendar Templates. Earlier, we talk about the month of July. This month is the seventh month of the year in Julian and Gregorian, and 31 days in this month. In many places, this month is very hot, while in many places it is coldest.
It is the hottest summer month in most parts of the Northern Hemisphere while it is the coldest month in most parts of the Southern Hemisphere. You can use these calendars for many important tasks based on your daily life. If you intend to perform a month in advance, you do not need to plan every month. Through these calendars, you can do your work without any stress. See More: Cute July 2021 Calendar Templates
Download July 2021 Calendar Printable Templates
This will be helpful in planning all your things. The July 2021 Calendar Printable Templates will help a lot in your office and personal tasks. All you need to do is proper time management for your plans with the help of Printable July 2021 Blank Calendar Templates. You can download these calendars from below, all the calendars will be available with high quality at no charge to you.
To organize your life, you should download the Free Calendar of July 2021. It will plan for every task in your busy life and will play an important role in time management. You should give a hard copy of these calendar templates to your friends and other close ones so that they can add all their activities to it. | <urn:uuid:c3fd64d8-2ce4-4510-8c3f-210dc5a728d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://freeseptember2018calendar.info/july-calendar.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.94091 | 325 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Let’s understand what is blockchain first. Blockchain is one of the engaging specialized words being used in the international tech market, these days. Industries from various domains are getting encouraged to enforce blockchain technology for its clarity and pace in attaining tasks. It has surely made our work easier. Many industries including education, sports, financial trade, etc have proceeded to continue using advanced technology for improving customer vigilance and to stem significant revenue in the future.
Now, when we closely examine the distribution of men and women participating in the realm of investing in blockchain, it is to be noted that we see a huge gender gap. When tech companies and Investment firms are expanding and getting popularity for incorporating the leverage of blockchain technology. Women in the sphere are comparatively less. They have initiated taking part in the prevalent tech market exhibiting their capabilities. But the number should transcend. It is high time for women to adopt the integration of blockchain in the technological industry.
Women in business are thriving in the tech market across the globe to overpower male leads. It is to keep in mind that women-centric industries are coming forward toward integrating cutting-edge technologies such as AI, loT, cloud computing, etc. Interestingly, it is stated with the term FemTech! It is growing into a space for women in technical spheres empowering them in the global market strongly. They are getting recourse worth millions of bucks to enlarge All sorts of FemTech outputs.
It is significant for women to take a leap in the blockchain industry in industry 4.0. Women are capable of analyzing the extent of the blockchain industry and highly active cryptocurrency demand. The industry is looking forward to helping women in initiating fresh investments benefitting them with thousands of cryptocurrencies. Some popular in the game are Cardano, Bitcoin, Ethereum, and many more. They do generate monetary assistance. Women are not apprehensive to embark on their presence in the market. It will surely withstand with them giving them financial support.
To break the stereotypical world, women should accept the financial methods provided by the blockchain and cryptocurrencies. There are certain areas where women do need to come forward breaking the norms of the patriarchal society. This will help them and inspire more women to be independent through their investment in cryptocurrencies. This way they can build a fortune on their own with the help of small investments boosting their savings for future references.
Blockchain technology gives the seclusion and transparency needed by women. It is building a gender-neutral environment encouraging them to participate. They will not be hindered by a central administration and can retain public digital ledgers with access to important details of all the transactions.
The blockchain industry should be ready to welcome women investors in the events generally giving a chance to male entrepreneurs. Women in every league are shining bright and building their way in the technical world too which is dominated by men. In the future, there is a high chance for women to rock the blockchain industry as well as the market of cryptocurrencies. | <urn:uuid:2d979027-59d8-4933-8ae5-52544ab91376> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://empireweekly.com/adopting-the-integration-of-blockchain-and-women-in-technological-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.952492 | 590 | 2.234375 | 2 |
GLASGOW, Scotland – Scotland's long debate over whether the country should become independent has proved a bonanza for printers of bumper stickers, posters, balloons and even umbrellas.
Nationwide the words "Yes" and "No" can be found emblazoned on everything from street lights to shopping bags. Posters proclaiming "Proud to be Scots. Delighted to be United" and "Yes to a better, fairer Scotland" adorn the windows of homes sharing the same street.
On Monday, it's showdown time. Scotland's pro-independence First Minister Alex Salmond and Alistair Darling, leader of the "No" campaign, will face off in their last televised debate before the Sept. 18 referendum.
Both sides claimed victory when the two clashed Aug. 4 — and interest from outside Scotland was so high it caused the Internet platform streaming the event to crash. This time the 90-minute debate will be shown on the BBC across Britain, and on C-SPAN in the United States.
At stake is the support of thousands of voters who, despite a campaign lasting two years, have yet to make up their minds.
Up and down the country activists have held thousands of town hall meetings, coffee mornings in private homes, and passionate discussions in pubs, clubs, town squares and on public transport.
People who have never been involved in politics before have come together and created a truly grassroots national debate about a vote that could affect everything from Scotland's economy, passports, currency and military to its sense of national pride and its role in the European Union and other international organizations.
"Wherever you go somebody is talking about it," said Mairi Campbell, 38, a hairdresser from Glasgow who says she's definitely voting against independence.
"I used to spend a lot of my time talking to customers about whether they had a good holiday or were planning a night out. Now the conversation might start that way but ends up with something about the referendum and what it means," she said. "Almost everyone has an opinion and different reasons as to which way they will vote."
Politicians from both sides have toured Scotland's cities, towns and villages to address the public, often out in the open, distributing miniature flags — the blue and white Saltire of Scotland, or the red, white and blue of the Union Jack — while standing on modern equivalents of the corner soap box.
School halls have held question-and-answer sessions for students, reflecting the fact that, for the first time in Britain, 16- and 17-year-olds are being given the right to vote.
"This is the biggest grassroots campaign Scotland has seen and it has encouraged more people to engage and get involved with politics than at any point in my lifetime," said Robin McAlpine, 41, director of Common Weal, which was set up to promote the ideals of a fairer society.
On the pro-independence side stand more than 350 independent groups. Not one is centrally controlled, organized or funded.
The "No" campaign, which claims to have the support of the silent majority, has brought together a wide range of unionists from Labour and Conservative party members to socialists and members of the right-wing U.K. Independence Party.
Opinion polls suggest voters are narrowly divided on whether to break up Scotland's 307-year-old union with England or remain alongside the English, Welsh and Northern Irish inside the United Kingdom. In opinion polls the anti-independence side has maintained a consistent lead — but as many as a million undecided voters hold the balance.
Voter turnout in the referendum is expected to be high, possibly topping 80 percent. That would be the highest-ever figure in Scotland and much greater than the 50 percent who voted in Scotland's last parliamentary election.
Nighet Nasim Riaz, 46, a member of Scots Asians for Yes, said people are hoping to see the TV debaters maintain their civility.
"The last televised debate between Alex Salmond and Alistair Darling was not what people wanted to see: two middle-aged men having digs at each other," she said. "It's what you do in a playground. People want a bit more dignity and answers to questions that don't skirt around the issues."
But with a positive mood on the streets, both sides hope the debate will provide a final push to capture wavering voters.
"Whatever the outcome," Riaz said, "something fundamental has changed in the way people are now becoming engaged and taking an interest in politics." | <urn:uuid:f7bfc171-ce64-4475-a8e5-2d4764e4511b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/08/23/showdown-scotland-braces-for-last-tv-debate-as-vote-for-independence-from.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967789 | 937 | 1.875 | 2 |
Publication - Stand-Alone Solar Businesses in Zambia: A Guide for Venture Developers and Investors
The key takeaways are as follows:
» Given a national electrification rate of 28% and more than 2 million off-grid households, there is a tremendous market opportunity for off-grid solar solutions. The market opportunity is estimated at more than EUR 210 million per annum.
» The commercialization of off-grid solar solutions follows light-handed regulation, as Solar Portable Lights (SPLs) and Solar Home Systems (SHSs) are treated as consumer goods.
» Public finance is prioritizing growth in Zambia’s Off-Grid Solar (OGS) sector, catalysing the development of existing ventures and new market entrants.» Incoming developers and investors should be prepared to adapt business models to accommodate low population densities, an underdeveloped mobile money ecosystem, a developing regulatory regime, and a rapidly changing competitive landscape. | <urn:uuid:0ab52818-8682-4b3d-a5d3-1bda6ec6e4d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=Publication_-_Stand-Alone_Solar_Businesses_in_Zambia:_A_Guide_for_Venture_Developers_and_Investors&oldid=279247 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.898948 | 201 | 1.695313 | 2 |
I thought it was time for some more selected snippets from last years SVP meeting, this time focussing on ceratopsians. I’ve been doing a few of these retrospective posts on last years meeting simply because not everyone has access to these details and new information is always appreciated about work going on in the world of vertebrate palaeontology.
To the detail then and yet more data that may throw more light on the Triceratops/Torosaurus dichotomy. Penkalski and Skulan displayed an interesting poster about remains from two partial chasmosaurs from a quarry in Carter County, Montana (Hell Creek Formation). This is interesting since the authors interpret the remains as showing characteristics from both Triceratops and Torosaurus.
Examination of various elements such as the parietal, squamosal, dorsal vertebrae and humerus all display morphological differences, some subtle, others more so, that appear to indicate the presence of both taxa in the quarry. The authors suggest that the remains may indicate the presence of a new taxon (unlikely in my opinion), or that these are sexual diamorphs of Triceratops or that these are, indeed, specimens of both Triceratops and Torosaurus that were simply fossilised together after deposition.
Bearing in mind the continual discussion regarding the synonymy of both taxa, I do tend to favour that these specimens are both Triceratops but it will be interesting to see if there will be a detailed taphonomic study of this quarry.
This brings me nicely to Clayton et al’s poster demonstrating a revised look at the epiparietal homology of chasmosaurs. The “et al” in this instance is the not to be sniffed at trio of Mark Loewen, Andy Farke and Scott Sampson, so the data here is clearly not to be ignored.
They have come up with a new method of classifying chasmosaurine epiossifications which, in conjunction with both newly discovered centrosaurs and chasmosaurs from the Kaiparowits Formation, may help in the continual discussions regarding what are and what are not valid taxa. They reach a number of conclusions but, of course, the most interesting outcome is that Torosaurus is indeed recovered as a valid taxon, distinct from Triceratops. The authors also list other reasons for this such as the existence of morphs of both taxa that are of similar size, the apparent existence of sub-adult torosaurs, and the fact there are formations where fossils of Torosaurus are found but not Triceratops. Thus this debate looks likely to rumble on for some time.
Denver Fowler’s presentation, on the other hand, demonstrates how a combination of stratigraphy and ontogeny influence morphology in chasmosaurines. Using this framework reveals that southern chasmosaurs are likely to be earlier Maastrichtian variants of a Triceratops clade. Adult morphological traits of these earlier forms occur earlier in ontogeny than they do in Triceratops thus supporting earlier trends already highlighted within the clade.
Additionally, it appears that these same trends occur in the late Campanian and two new chasmosaurs from the Kirtland Formation in New Mexico come out as intermediate taxa between Pentaceratops and Anchiceratops, thus consolidating earlier work showing Pentaceratops and Anchiceratops as sister taxa.. Because of this combination of morphological traits that are clearly separated stratigraphically, the author interprets this data as good evidence of anagenesis within Chasmosaurinae. The paper, when published, which demonstrates the new framework and the methodology used, will be compelling reading. Incidentally, Fowler was also co-author of a poster with Liz Freedman, utilising similar techniques describing anagenesis in Hadrosaurs.
Finally, Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai is a ceratopsian known from a monodominant bone bed in Alberta, Canada. The various sized recovered elements were classified as adult, sub-adult and juvenile and, to demonstrate whether this hypothesised ontogenetic growth stage actually had a factual base, Joseph Fredrickson from the University of Wisconsin, ran a detailed cladistic analysis using 67 hypothetical growth characters from 42 specimens.
Fascinatingly, instead of the expected three stage growth series, the analysis reveals a continual ontogenetic growth which appears to split at maturity and may be indicative of sexual dimorphism. Although both morphs have seven identical traits at maturity, one clearly displays another seven defining characteristics including a rostral comb and a tall nasal boss. The other morph is also characterised by six unique traits including a long nasal boss (as opposed to tall) and straight caudal parietal horns. Thus, this analysis has revealed that original diagnostic characters for the taxon are, in fact, only present in one of the adult skulls (probably male) and not in the other skulls – so these are almost certainly female
Clayton, K, M. Loewen, A. Farke, and S.D. Sampson 2010 A re-evaluation of epiparietal homology within chasmosaurine ceratopsids (ornithischian) based on newly discovered taxa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, SVP Program and Abstracts Book, 2010, 73A.
Fowler, D.,2010 Anagenesis and long term morphologic trends in Chasmosaurinae (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae) revealed by a new high resolution chronostratigraphic framework, ontogenetic analysis and description of two new taxa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, SVP Program and Abstracts Book, 2010, 91A.
Frederickson, J., 2010 Craniofacial ontogeny in Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai: evidence for sexual dimorphism in an ornithischian dinosaur. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, SVP Program and Abstracts Book, 2010, 92A.
Freedman, E and D. Fowler.2010 Stratigraphic correlation of Judith River Formation (Campanian, Upper Cretaceous) exposures in Kennedy Coulee (north central Montana) to the Foremost Formation (Alberta): implications for anagenesis in hadrosaurid dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, SVP Program and Abstracts Book, 2010, 92A.
Penkalski, P and J. Skulan.2010 An unusual ceratopsid quarry from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, SVP Program and Abstracts Book, 2010, 145A. | <urn:uuid:66ca7035-31ee-416e-9c00-0743aa69a0c6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://saurian.blogspot.com/2011/03/more-on-ceratopsians.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00232-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894498 | 1,409 | 1.734375 | 2 |
After the guided walk in Allonby bay I resolved to show more interest in other beaches. I have had the chance to examine rock pools on St Bees beach twice since June. The first time I was pleasantly surprised to find some of the creatures I learned about from Ann Lingard. The second time I was even more excited by what I found with the help of a friend. Among other things she spotted two herons on the beach. They were too far away for the lens of my camera phone, but do appear in some of my shots. It helps if you know where they are though!
Altogether we saw sea gooseberries, winkles, barnacles, jellyfish, jewelled anemones, a live crab, limpets, evidence of worms, (lugworms, which live in burrows and mason and honeycomb worms which live in colonies built from sand). We also saw different species of seaweed. My photos are from our two walks separated by two weeks.
On the first walk we noticed winkles on the rocks, stretching into the distance. This area is a popular feeding ground for seabirds.
(Hovering over the photos causes the captions to appear.The sea gooseberry is a spherical creature in the part of its photo which the caption covers!)
Stop press: Thanks to Ann Lingard for identifying a creature I have captioned incorrectly. On Twitter she wrote (Btw, ‘tiny yellow winkle’ is dogwhelk Nucella, preys on barnacles & mussels). | <urn:uuid:975a078b-5a23-49c1-ad17-0bf954357e3e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sueswordsandpictures.wordpress.com/2016/07/30/low-tide-at-st-bees/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.96903 | 317 | 1.734375 | 2 |
India Plans to Beat Nile River as the World's Longest River
India is poised to beat Nile River as the world's longest river as it plans to interlink its major rivers, namely, the Himalayan and Deccan Peninsula rivers through 30 mega-canals and 3,000 dams.
Plan and Purpose of the Project
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The country aims to overcome droughts and flood, by diverting water from areas prone to flood to those drought-prone areas. In addition, India plans to establish 35 million hectares of arable land and build hydropower plants.
India intends to connect the channels of all the major rivers in the country to create a network for transporting water during droughts and floods; this is called the interlink river (ILR) scheme.
As reported in the New Scientist, the versions of the ILR scheme is way back more than 60 years to the days of British rule in India.
The latest version is planning to link 14 rivers in the northern part of India and 16 in the western, central, and southern parts. It plans to dig 30 channels to create a single 12,500 kilometer-long river, which is twice the length of Nile River.
The project is slated to start as soon as the final clearance has been released by the ministry of environment and forests. Also, it is expected that in the near future, the ministry will also issue a permit to the union of the rivers Betwa and Ken.
Fears of Geologist and Ecologist
However, some geologist and ecologist expressed their fear by questioning the science behind this project.
Some experts expressed their concerns that if India's project go ahead, it might lead to ecological disasters and coastal erosion that would threaten livelihoods and endanger wildlife. | <urn:uuid:828f68b7-45e4-4b24-87be-c4c3e749b0d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.chinatopix.com/articles/107208/20161130/india-nile-river-longest-river-interlink-river-scheme-himalayas-deccan-peninsula.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950807 | 364 | 3.421875 | 3 |
As many predicted, the FDA finally issues proposed guidance on the regulation of mobile medical apps (press release and actual guidance.) The proposed oversight is open to comments from the public for the next 90 days.
According to the FDA, "The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is now proposing guidelines that outline the small number of mobile apps the agency plans to oversee—medical apps that could present a risk to patients if the apps don’t work as intended". The subset of mobile apps that the FDA has identified to regulate include those that 1) are used as an accessory to medical device already regulated by the FDA and 2) transform a mobile communications device into a regulated medical device by using attachments, sensors, or other devices. If regulated, devices fall into Class I, II, or III, each with its own regulatory requirements.
My summary and interpretation of apps that will be regulated are:
- Those that use sensors or connect to a device directly or wirelessly. For providers, these are all the attachments to EKGs and other monitors. AirStrip and Calgary Scientific come to mind and I think both already have FDA approval. For consumers, this would be apps that connect to devices or sensors to store and transmit data. MedApps and Withings come to mind and again, I think they both have FDA approval.
- Those that use patient-specific data to come up with treatment decisions. WellDoc is the obvious one here and they have FDA approval, at least for diabetes.
- Those that act as medical calculators. This group includes tools like Epocrates but also lots of cheaper (and in my opinion, easier to use) medical calculators. A lot of these have been built by and are used extensively by residents and medical students. I can’t really imagine most of those small developers filing for FDA approval for a simple app that calculates acid base status or Apgar score. Maybe that’s a good thing because, as much as I prefer those apps, in reality lots of decisions are based on them and they should be regulated.
The FDA excluded certain apps as well, including mobile EHRs and PHRs, copies of medical textbooks or other teaching aids, and apps that track, log and "similar decision tools that generally relate to a healthy lifestyle and wellness." I guess as long as the treatment is lifestyle-related, like losing weight if you’re pre-diabetic, an app can help with specific treatment goals and not be regulated.
A new Bulletin Healthcare Briefings report finds that physician mobile use grew by 45% and that 76% of smart phone-using docs have iPhones.
A study from Johns Hopkins finds that Twitter can be a useful tool in public health. My favorite tweet, which was discovered as the researchers were creating a model to read tweets, was "Got a case of Bieber Fever. Love his new song". The researchers analyzed about 1.5 million health-related tweets and found that the analysis correlated with actual data for things like flu rates and the start of allergy season. That’s very cool and a useful example of what can be done with Twitter’s data. Maybe the government should cough up the $8 billion to buy Twitter?
The British Medical Association issues clear guidance for providers on social networks – "politely refuse" friend requests and be wary of posting things to Twitter.
A design firm contracted by Seattle Children’s Hospital builds what I’d describe as a mobile patient viewer. The mobile app, which looks great, takes data from Cerner and other systems to create aggregated summary views of patients, care teams, and hospital floors. The key, now that the prototype is built, is fitting this into the workflow of the providers so that they can use it and benefit from the improved experience. If you can turn Cerner into this then there is still hope. I’m not sure the app does anything more than view, so you still have to use Cerner to enter all the data.
Here’s a story featuring several of the more interesting health technology startups from the Bay Area. Most are consumer facing, like HealthTap and Simplee. I can’t believe Practice Fusion is up to 100,000 docs.
A telehealth group in Tennessee, Community Health Network, lost or misspent $1.2 million over three years. It’s a pretty interesting story showing fraudulent misuse of public funds. It makes me wonder how much is being lost or misspent out of the HIT money.
According to this report, RIM might stop production of its BlackBerry PlayBook tablet. According to a friend of mine, "I knew it was bad for them when they sent me not one, but two PlayBooks to test."
EXTENSION releases its clinical alerts and notifications platform for Android.
Travis Good is an MD/MBA and is involved with health IT startups. | <urn:uuid:626174f9-db04-4a39-a80d-2574817616df> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://histalkmobile.com/news-72011/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00292-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957628 | 1,002 | 2.4375 | 2 |
inheritance tax(redirected from State estate tax)
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Estate and gift tax law is in a state of flux. An estate planning attorney will have the most up-to-date information available to assist you in minimizing your tax liability. Avoiding probate should also be a goal. Joint ownership, revocable living trust, irrevocable trusts, and life insurance may be useful tools to avoid or eliminate the estate tax and costs of probate, but only an experienced estate planning attorney can help you decide which of these tools will suit your needs best.Gloria Cole, Attorney, private practice, Weston, MA
inheritance taxa form of WEALTH TAX imposed by the UK government on a proportion of a person's private assets when these assets are transferred to the person's beneficiaries. Currently (as at 2005/06) ‘chargeable assets’ such as houses, stocks and shares, etc. up to a maximum of £275,000 are tax-exempt. Above £275,000 inheritance tax is levied at a flat rate of 40%. Assets transferred more than seven years before the donor's death are exempt from inheritance tax, while assets transferred between three and seven years before death are taxed at lower rates.
Inheritance tax superseded earlier UK arrangements for taxing wealth, including estate duty or death duty and capital transfer tax.
inheritance taxsee WEALTH TAX.
See estate tax. | <urn:uuid:bfdc09d2-fe50-4000-a65a-0e07166384a4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/State+estate+tax | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00306-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938827 | 312 | 1.789063 | 2 |
According to the ruling, We conclude that the governments colorable allegations that the lack of an orderly transition in policy will produce immediate harm and precipitous injury are convincing. We also conclude that the public interest in ensuring orderly change of this magnitude in the military if that is what is to happen strongly militates in favor of a stay.
The recent ruling by the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals is in response to an objection filed by the U.S. Department of Justice in October after Judge Phillips rejected the federal governments stay request to halt her order enforcing her decision.
The Justice Department defended its stay request asserting that the military requires sufficient time to implement the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell in such a way that it would not cause confusion or uncertainty.
Tom Perkins, president of the Family Research Council, asserted, Its only logical that a stay should be granted to avoid the confusion that is already occurring with reports that the Pentagon is telling recruiters to begin accepting homosexual applications.
However, in Phillips rejection, she contended, Defendants merely conclude, without explanation, that confusion and uncertainty will result if the injunction remains in place. Thus, defendants have failed to establish they are likely to suffer irreparable injury if a stay is not granted.
Judge Phillips also declared that safeguarding constitutional rights outweighed the governments unproven concerns of the orders impact on military readiness and unit cohesion.
Likewise, in Judge Phillips September 9 ruling, October 13 injunction, and October 19 rejection of the federal governments stay request, she declared Don't Ask, Don't Tell to be in violation of due process and freedom of speech of homosexual military men and women.
Charles Rice, professor emeritus at the University of Notre Dame law school, called Judge Phillips assertions an example of tyranny of the judiciary, in an interview with The New American. He added, The very idea that don't ask, don't tell is unconstitutional is absurd.
Immediately following Phillips rejection of the governments stay request, the Justice Department filed objections asserting that the federal government should be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider the terms of the injunction and to move for an appropriate stay before an injunction is made effective. A court should not compel the Executive to implement an immediate cessation of the 17-year-old policy without regard for any effect such an abrupt change might have on the military's operations, particularly at a time when the military is engaged in combat operations.
The 9th Circuit Appeals ruling contends that the federal government does in fact require time to create a smooth transition.
The writers of the ruling also contend that current pending legislation would likely make the final determination, as the House of Representatives has already passed a repeal provision, while the Senate is expected to consider similar legislation during the lame-duck session in the form of the military defense authorization bill one that failed to pass due to the inclusion of such controversial provisions as this.
Regardless of the pending legislation, in response to the U.S. Court of Appeals ruling, the Log Cabin Republicans is expected to appeal to the full 9th Circuit appellate court or make an emergency application directly to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Dan Woods, legal representative for the Log Cabin Republicans, asserts that the appeal will continue and has not rejected the possibility of seeking emergency relief from the Supreme Court. We will continue to fight on for the constitutional rights of these Americans and look forward to a favorable decision on the merits of the appeal," said Woods. "Meanwhile, we will discuss the courts order with our client to determine whether we will ask for a review of the order by the U.S. Supreme Court.
While gay rights groups are disappointed, they expected such flip-flopping on Judge Phillips ruling. Even after Judge Phillips rejected the governments request to halt her order enforcing her decision on October 19, military recruiters warned recruits that the policy could be reinstated at any time and warned service members to keep their sexual orientations to themselves. Similarly, gay rights groups encouraged military service members to withhold revealing their sexual orientations until a more permanent decision is made.
While military officials have encouraged the government to take no action with Don't Ask, Don't Tell until the completion of an official Pentagon review, President Barack Obama intends to repeal the policy.
According to CNN, The case puts Obama's administration in an unusual position of supporting a repeal but filing court motions to prevent it from happening faster than planned. | <urn:uuid:c2c33e6b-8d62-4930-a2d3-33986e7b0c0d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/3466-dont-ask-dont-tell-back-for-now | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00293-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955333 | 888 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Temporal Differences (TED) Compressed Sensing
TED is a Compressed Sensing method for dynamic MRI, which enables accurate temperature reconstruction from sub-Nyquist k-space measurements. Our paper demonstrated that TED is highly suitable for temperature monitoring in MR-guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MRgHIFU) treatments.
TED is a general dynamic MRI method and can hence be applied for various MRI acquisitions. Let us know if you find a cool app!
CORE-PI is a simple linear (non-iterative) reconstruction method, suitable to 2D Cartesian MR imaging. It enables reconstruction from subsampled k-space data acquired with multi-coil arrays. This method is parameter-free, i.e. it does not require the calibration of any parameters.
CORE-Deblur is a Parallel Imaging Compressed Sensing (PI-CS) method.
Our paper introduced the concept of MR image reconstruction by deblurring using Compressed Sensing (CS), and showed that CORE-Deblur can expedite CS computations: the number of required iterations is reduced by a factor of 10.
Copyright Efrat Shimron, 2020 | <urn:uuid:74e93413-d836-4d67-8376-5434fada586e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.efratshimron.com/efrat-shimron-home/research-software | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.872154 | 260 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The winner of second prize in the prestigious O Henry Memorial Awards handed out in 1941 was a short story written by a newcomer to the world of serious American fiction, a woman straight out of William Faulkner’s backyard. That woman was Eudora Welty and that story was “A Worn Path.” Proving she was hardly a one-trick pony, Welty would go on to nab top honors from the same awards the next two years in a row. Definitively proving that coming in second is nothing to be ashamed, “A Worn Path” has far eclipsed those two winning stories as well as the story that beat it out in 1941 to become one of the most anthologized American short stories of all time.
One common bond among so many stories that stand the test of time to move beyond the success initially enjoyed by others which appeared around the same time is the inclusion of allusions to ancient myths. “A Worn Path” positively overflows with symbolic connections to mythic figures of the past. The protagonist of the story bears the highly resonant name of Phoenix Jackson and apart from its conjoining of two well-known American cities (one of which Welty called home) that name immediately endows the story a tie to mythological themes like spiritual rebirth and, indeed, ultimately it becomes apparent to the well-informed reader that the reason the titular path is so worn is because it harkens all the way back to the journey through the underworld the Egyptian gatekeeper Osiris.
The mythological phoenix is not the only allusion to legends of the past that readers encounter as they follow the elderly black lady from the south named Phoenix on her odyssey of renewal. Buzzards, scarecrows, dogs, a white hunter and even hustling and bustling Christmas shoppers all take on an allegorical aspect presented as modern day Herculean tasks which must be overcome in order for Granny Jackson to reach her destination and come out cleansed. Like any great story that relies heavily on symbolic association, the level of meaning and enjoying that is taken away from “A Worn Path” depends to a great extent on how much recognition is brought into it.
For those with a solid education in the classics, every single word of “A Worn Path” is like a shiny bit of gold left behind by Welty to help follow her trail. For those don’t Osiris from Isis, “A Worn Path” is simply a wonderfully entertaining story told with great style and remarkably progressive insight into the true stage of racial inequality by a white Southern writer born left less than a half century after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. | <urn:uuid:0dbba48d-d684-4cf8-ac75-84b96237e13b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.gradesaver.com/a-worn-path/study-guide/about | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00324-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962029 | 552 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Naginata were originally used by the samurai class of feudal Japan, and naginata were also used by ashigaru (foot soldiers) and sohei (warrior monks).
two piece wooden handle
blade length: 53 cm
lenght Naginata: 154 cm
Naginata length with saya: 162 cm
weight with saya: 2000 g | <urn:uuid:e8b4b0ff-3629-4db9-b458-66cd1ca57615> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tacticalstore.se/se/art/naginata.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00031-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889893 | 77 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Yes, Affordable Organic Food is Possible…
If you’ve decided to “take the GMO-free plunge” for yourself or your family, the first difference you’re going to notice is the cost: organic food almost always costs more than conventional food. How can individuals and families make organic, GMO-free food more affordable?
Here are 10 helpful ideas to make “going organic / GMO-free” a little easier on your pocketbook…
Don’t go “cold-turkey” right away… take it in baby steps. If your children drink milk regularly, start by choosing organic milk. Then add in a bulk bag of organic apples for a healthy snack.
As you continue adjusting to the gradual shift in your monthly grocery budget, begin buying more organic produce. We recommend starting with the types of produce that require or absorb more pesticides when grown conventionally, such as lettuce, apples, peaches, bell peppers, potatoes, celery and strawberries.
Many families already know the value of buying in bulk. However if you’re shopping for only one or two people, buying bulk foodstuffs may not seem feasible… try finding a neighbor or family member willing to split bulk food items with you.
The most common organic bulk produce in larger grocery chains are big mesh bags of organic apples.
When you get to the cereal aisle, look on the bottom shelf for bulk bags of breakfast cereal—if you don’t see any with a USDA Organic label on the bag, don’t hesitate to ask the store manager if they’d consider stocking a brand or two. Grocery stores are getting increasing pressure to bring in more organics… your voice counts!
In addition to the organic produce section, many national grocery chains have created their own in-house organic line that is priced below national organic brands. Examples include Safeway’s “O” organic line, Shaw’s “Wild Harvest” organic line, Publix “Greenwise” organic line, Aldi’s “SimplyNature” organic line, Trader Joe’s organic products (many of which now bear a USDA Organic label), and more recently, Walmart’s “Wild Oats” brand (which they are promising will “drive down the price of organics”).
4) Buy at a warehouse discount store
If you haven’t been to Costco lately, you might be surprised to see how many organic options they’re stocking these days—depending on what area of the U.S. you’re in, and how far you have to drive to get to the nearest Costco.
During a visit to one local Costco store, we counted more than 200 organic brands, ranging from milk, eggs, cereal and sugar for breakfast, to peanut butter, jam, chips, fresh fruit, lunchmeat, and bread for school lunches, to dinner staples like fresh organic chicken, pasta, quinoa, spaghetti sauce, soup, broth, and both fresh and canned organic vegetables.
Check out all of the possibilities on this page of our website.
6) Join an organic co-op
If there’s an organic, co-op-style grocery store within reasonable driving distance, and if its membership benefits make financial sense for you, this can be a great way to save money on organics.
One such example is the PCC Market chain in the Seattle area. For a one-time $50 membership fee, you receive two “10% off your entire purchase” coupons upon joining, followed by one “10% off everything” coupon each month, plus two additional 5% member discount days each month.
7) Join a local CSA
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs deliver a box filled with organic vegetables (and sometimes other foodstuffs) direct from local area farms to your doorstep (or a central location in your neighborhood) on a regular basis for a minimal cost (usually around $20).
If you’ve got some outdoor space with sunshine, even if it’s just a patio, deck, or parking strip, plant some container vegetables or a small garden. Even a couple tomato plants, bush-style green beans, or cucumbers can help add some bounty to your kitchen larder.
If you’ve got no space to grow, see if there’s a local community garden plot near you that might have some available space. And don’t forget to check out this excellent resource page listing GMO-free seeds state-by-state, then get started with the helpful “how to start your first garden” tips on this website.
9) Visit Your Local Farmer
We realize not all of you live in an area where a quick trip to a nearby farm is possible… but at least consider the option as a special outing. We’ve made a habit of taking a leisurely drive out of town one weekend a month to visit several of our favorite farms, where we purchase frozen packages of pasture-raised chicken and beef, fresh eggs, milk, and seasonal produce—all for significantly less than the average cost of the same items at our local organic grocery store.
If you’re living in the city, the farmers may already be coming to you in the form of a nearby farmer’s market. To find out if this is true in your area, visit this website and click on the “Find a Farmer’s Market” link.
Many people have never heard of this organization, whose mission is to “restore nutrient-dense foods to the human diet through education, research and activism.” When all else fails, try contacting one of their local chapters to help you find locally-grown organic vegetables, fruits and grains, milk products, butter, eggs, chicken and meat from pasture-fed animals.
Most Importantly… Be The Change You Want to See
Yes, conventional food is often much cheaper—because it’s been industrialized, uses all sorts of highly processed (typically made from GMO corn) ingredients, and continues to be heavily supported by tax subsidies (in contrast to the lack of support + fees that organic farmers must pay to go through the organic certification process).
Every time you buy GMO foods, you’re telling the agriculture industry to grow / manufacture more GMO foods. Every time you buy organic foods, you’re encouraging more farmers to grow organic foods, which activates the law of supply and demand to shift food manufacturers away from GMO ingredients, thus helping to make organic food more available and affordable. | <urn:uuid:eed3c2ed-3461-4829-bdbe-fa30f150627a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://gmo-awareness.com/2014/05/19/10-ways-to-make-gmo-free-organic-food-affordable/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92221 | 1,377 | 1.921875 | 2 |
A Closer Look At What’s In Boston’s Snow Piles
AP - It's disgusting enough to put you off snow cones for the rest of the summer.
A Boston public works official says the towering piles of filthy snow left over from the city's record-setting winter are even more grotesque than most people can imagine.
Daniel Nee says one giant pile contains an estimated 86 tons of debris, and much of it is household garbage. Nee says two snowstorms struck after Bostonians put their trash out, and it all got swept up by passing plows.
Nee said Friday that as the piles melt, they've revealed fire hydrants, parking meters and other items. But he says a lot of rotting garbage is still buried in the leftover snow.
Officials think the piles easily could last until the Fourth of July or longer. | <urn:uuid:259f92e7-0562-4fc9-88ca-4414ee60b325> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wbsm.com/a-closer-look-at-whats-in-bostons-snow-piles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.963606 | 177 | 1.820313 | 2 |
By Vivek Singh Chauhan
New Delhi, Nov 28 (IANS): The newly detected Covid variant from South Africa this week -- omicron -- might affect those severely who have not yet taken their Covid-19 shot, health experts said on Sunday.
According to experts, getting vaccinated looks like the best available option at present and it can be a game-changer in fighting against the new variant of Covid.
"So far, it appears that those who are not vaccinated are at very high risk of getting affected by the severe disease," Ravi Shekhar Jha, Additional Director Pulmonology, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Faridabad, told IANS.
"Therefore, vaccination is the best available option at present which can be a game-changer," Jha added.
The experts said that we need to understand that the pandemic is not yet over and therefore we should not lower our guards and restart taking full precautions as before including social distancing.
"The new variant of Covid Omicron has several mutations from previous Covid-19 strains," said Animesh Arya, Senior Consultant in Respiratory Medicine, Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, New Delhi.
"People need to understand that Covid appropriate behaviour and vaccination are the only ways to stay safe from this variant," Arya added.
The new variant identified in South Africa has left the scientific community worried, as they fear that this new strain could fuel outbreaks in several countries and cripple health systems once again.
Meanwhile, Indian health experts mentioned that it is premature to say if we are about to face the third wave. However, the kind of carelessness that India has seen in the last few months, if the omicron enters the country, it may have a detrimental effect.
"Do not lower our guards and restart taking full precautions as before including social distancing," Arya said.
The South African health officials said the new variant has many more mutations than scientists expected, especially after a severe wave, which was driven by the Delta variant.
Many of the mutations are of concern for immune evasion and transmissibility. It carries a high number of mutations in its spike protein, which plays a key role in the virus' entry into cells in the human body.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has said it will take a few weeks to understand the impact of the new variant.
Several countries have also placed a complete ban on travel from South Africa in the wake of the discovery of a new variant of the omicron. | <urn:uuid:67de9003-5a53-48cb-9a06-73ee36926dbb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=898507 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.967243 | 527 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Savannah area residents know that they live in an area at risk for hurricane damage, but when it has been decades since one touched the shore, we found ourselves a little complacent. Now we face a pretty large cleanup task, one that is perhaps more daunting than the storm itself.
When we build our landscape, we do it in small, concentrated outdoor rooms or pockets, one area at a time. It helps to keep us from getting overwhelmed. You may find the same focus helpful during the cleanup process. Jamie Burghardt, horticultural coordinator at the University of Georgia Coastal Georgia Botanical Gardens at the Historic Bamboo Farm, has our horticulture crew doing the same thing. What took a few hours to bring down may take weeks to clean up.
First and foremost, take care of any damaged trees that could fall or break. Hire trained professionals to deal with these damaged trees to avoid, or at least minimize, further damage. Make sure your arborist holds a license.
You may be wondering about the possibility of standing trees back up. To be perfectly honest, only smaller trees and shrubs are good candidates. A 14-inch caliper tree is about the max. These trees need to be anchored by two or three guide straps. We are going through this process at the gardens as I write this article. Some trees we are able to stand; others, like a picturesque deodar cedar, had to come down. Should you end up using a wire-type system, tie up an orange flag to remind you and the family to watch your steps.
During the time I was executive director of the National Pecan Marketing Council, I saw pecan growers in Alabama try valiantly to stand up small trees that had just begun to bear pecans. All of their efforts were to no avail. If you believe a tree can be reset, but you are unable to do it quickly, keep the exposed roots covered and moist until repositioning. After standing a tree back into position, you will notice large pockets to fill in. Use soil and water to eliminate the air pockets, and do not leave excess soil, which can also cause damage.
If you have to remove a lot of trees, you will soon notice a change in the landscape from the standpoint of sun and shade. After a tornado a couple of years ago took out 47 trees at my home, my shade garden with hostas and ferns was suddenly getting full sun. Azaleas that had been getting afternoon shade were now being cooked. Savannah's Judge Arthur Solomon Camellia Trail lost several large trees, and many camellias will no doubt be lost, while others will be facing too much sun.
Fall is a good time to move camellias and azaleas, but of course, you may not have an ideal spot. You may find it much easier to simply remove and replace those with a 3-gallon shrub. Fall is also a great time for planting. With damage from Florida to Virginia, the East Coast may find it hard to get trees and shrubs. Don’t be tempted to purchase one not recommended for our area or one of poor quality because the good plant material has been purchased. Ask a Georgia Certified Plant Professional or Certified Landscape Professional to guide you.
If you have prized perennials that look pulverized in a forest of downed trees, you may find it beneficial to mark them with orange flags so that the arborists will know they are there. This can pay dividends, but remember that everything can’t be protected. Be prepared for your landscape to take another big hit from machinery, cranes, log trucks and stump grinders.
After the trees are removed, go through the landscape and remove broken limbs from shrubs and cut back herbaceous plants as needed. Perhaps your situation isn't so dire. I hope not. As quickly as possible, remove leaves, limbs and mud from the lawn. These could suffocate your turf or at least start it on the road to decline.
If you received a saltwater or brackish surge that covered your lawn and shrub beds, irrigate with fresh, sodium-free water from the tap as soon as possible. Remember, the damaged landscape will not need any fertilizer until the plants overcome the shock and get re-established. Fertilizer could stimulate unwanted growth with the onset of winter approaching.
One of the most important tasks is to take photos of all areas of damage. You may want to begin cleanup efforts before your insurance provider has time to survey the damage. Be sure to keep repair and replacement receipts for claims, and having a few witnesses wouldn't hurt. Your landscape will be beautiful once again, just take it one area at a time. | <urn:uuid:05b1b77a-d563-4eb4-9ad2-ae68199dd720> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newswire.caes.uga.edu/story/5968/storm-damage.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.968248 | 975 | 2.25 | 2 |
An employment contract that clearly outlines the expectations of the employer assures that an employee is completely aware of his or her responsibilities and has agreed to the terms of the contract in question. It also provides an employer with justification for punishing or dismissing an employee who fails to live up to those standards.
- 1 How does a contract of employment benefit the employer?
- 2 What is the purpose of an employment contract?
- 3 What is the benefit of having a contract in a business?
- 4 What is in an employment contract?
- 5 What is a contract and why is it important?
- 6 How does the contract protect your business?
- 7 Why is contract agreement important?
- 8 What are the five aspects of the employment contract?
- 9 What are the 3 types of employment contracts?
- 10 When should you receive a contract of employment?
How does a contract of employment benefit the employer?
MULTIPLE BENEFITS OF CONTRACTS OF EMPLOYMENT Reduce the amount of overtime compensation that is paid. The amount of holiday pay has been reduced. Control the dates on which employees can take their vacations to ensure that they do not take vacation days when they are obliged to work. By implementing suitable rules, you can safeguard your company’s reputation.
What is the purpose of an employment contract?
This is accomplished through the use of an employment contract, which ensures that both you and your employer have a clear knowledge of the expectations for the duration of your work.
What is the benefit of having a contract in a business?
A well-drafted contract offers several advantages to you and your company, including the following: clarity in business interactions, agreements, and rights of parties. Preventing possible contract problems and lawsuits is a top priority. Misinterpretation of messages and agreements can be avoided by following these steps:
What is in an employment contract?
According to the law, an employment contract must include the contractual elements listed below, which are referred to as ‘explicit terms’: Employer and employee’s names and addresses are required. If the contract is for a set or temporary period of time, the projected termination date should be included. A job title or a brief description of responsibilities is required.
What is a contract and why is it important?
As a written document, contracts explain the whole understanding of the business connection and the extent of the task so that no one can claim that there were any misunderstandings later on. They clarify exactly what rights are being acquired as well as what rights you are keeping in your agreement with the seller. They have legal effect and are enforceable in court.
How does the contract protect your business?
As a written document, contracts explain the whole understanding of the business relationship and the extent of the task, making it impossible for anybody to subsequently argue that there was any miscommunication. They clarify exactly what rights are being acquired as well as what rights you are keeping in your agreement with the vendor. They have legal power and are enforceable in the courts of justice.
Why is contract agreement important?
Contracts ensure that a consistent business practice is followed by providing clarity regarding your requirements. It facilitates the achievement of desired objectives while also serving as evidence in the event that the expectations of one side are not met. It is seen as a breach of contract, and the person responsible for the service must suffer the financial consequences.
What are the five aspects of the employment contract?
The following are the top five elements that should be included in your employment contract.
- Describe the nature and scope of the position. When you work for an employer, you will be expected to provide services for them. Compensation and benefits
- and Termination
What are the 3 types of employment contracts?
Employment contracts may be divided into three categories: permanent employment, temporary employment, and independent contractors.
When should you receive a contract of employment?
Your employer is required to provide you with a written statement on the first day of employment. Certain terms and conditions must be included in the declaration. Several rights and duties are established in a contract that applies to both you and your employer. You have a legal right to be compensated for the labor that you perform, which is the most typical example. | <urn:uuid:43a375dc-8009-4a49-bb0f-826d95a4b960> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tahseenbutt.com/legal-advice/explain-how-employment-contract-helps-the-employers-for-a-business-solution.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.970055 | 885 | 2.171875 | 2 |
defined by the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: "The essential feature for the diagnosis is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood." Deceit and manipulation are considered essential features of the disorder. Therefore, it is essential in making the diagnosis to collect material from sources other than the individual being diagnosed.
In a matter of fact tone, my friend said that he felt all politicians were Sociopaths. While this maybe an overstatement, in many ways politics breeds Sociopaths. First, a politician's job is ultimately to get re elected. The art of getting re elected is ultimately as selfish a process as they get. You aren't ever necessarily doing what's right but rather what you think the most people will find suitable, acceptable, or worthy of getting their vote next time. Politicians make decisions almost always based on the politics of a situation not the policy. The politics of any situation is always based on self interest not the interest of the public at large. Such a mindset breeds the sort of selfishness that is inherent in Sociopaths.
Second, politics is in essence all about the accumulation of power. Power is is a zero sum activity. As such, the process of accumulating power involves taking power away from someone else: opponents, citizens, etc. The process of accumulating power is also inherently selfish in a way that breeds Sociopaths. Furthermore, most Sociopaths are not only charming but extremely manipulative and both of those are traits most successful politicians.
The Sociopathic politician with which I am most familiar with is an individual out of Georgia by the name of Vernon Jones. Jones is suspected in six rapes since the mid 1980's. The last of which was described to my by a source I consider very reliable in graphic detail involving a three some gone wrong. This happened Christmas a few years back.
Jones, for many years, was CEO of DeKalb County in Georgia. He used this position to get inside information on many land deals that became profitable for himself. In his role as CEO of DeKalb County, he was also responsible for choosing the members of the board of Grady Hospital. He made Robert Brown head of the board for several years. Brown then used Grady on multiple occasions as piggy bank directing business from Grady to the architecture firm he owned. Meanwhile, Grady has gone through multiple bouts of financial dire straits while members of the board, like Brown, have seen enormous wealth for themselves.
Jones also oversaw one of the most corrupt police departments in the country, the Dekalb County Police Department. In 2001, while he was CEO of DeKalb County, Sheriff Elect Derwin Brown was murdered by the outgoing Sheriff Syd Dorsey. This was the culmination of decades of corruption at the DeKalb County Police Department including nearly a decade on his watch. Jones proceeded to install Thomas Brown (no relation), one of his cronies, to replace the deceased Derwin Brown. Thomas Brown proceeded to make nothing more than cosmetic changes to the department. The jail nearly built the penthouse of prisons for Dorsey until that was discovered and broken by an investigative journalist. In 2006, his opponent for CEO of DeKalb County, Ron Marshall, was followed, had unwarranted background checks done, and eventually Marshall mysteriously wound up in the Terror Watch List.
Finally, I believe that Jones is involved in the cover up of the apparent suicide of Charles Hicks using another one of his cronies, Donald Frank, to cover up a homicide. Frank wound up serving as Jones' Homeland Security Director for DeKalb County. He did all of this while he was supposed to be running the County of DeKalb.
The behavior of Blagojevich can also be classified as textbook Sociopathic. Nearly everything he has done while in office has been for self benefit at the expense of the public. All the corruption, bribery, and quid pro quos, have been done in order to gain personal wealth, power, and influence, and all at the expense of the public he has served.
For real horror stories of what terror a Sociopathic politician can breed, we need to look at any despot around the world. Sociopaths like Hitler, Stalin, and Hussein all brought terror to their own people and their neighbors for decades. All of these folks were so consumed by power that anyone that stood in their way was eliminated. Entire populations were subverted, eliminated, or put down in order so that the Sociopathic tyrant could maintain power. My grandfather got a first hand lesson in the terror of a Sociopathic politician. Joseph Stalin put my grandfather into a Siberian gulag for the better part of the next two decades on the eve of WWII. My grandfather's crimes were two 1) he was Jewish and 2)he ran a successful corner store in a small Siberian village. These two things made my grandfather a threat and a target, and Stalin felt the need to eliminate him. My grandfather paid for Stalin's Sociopathy with nearly twenty years of his life.
Everyday, citizens everywhere pay the price for the deeds of Sociopathic politicians. We pay for it with higher taxes. We pay for it with a bureaucracy that looks out for the interests of power brokers rather than the public. We pay for it by having a government full of waste, and one that looks out for special interests rather than the interests of the public at large. We pay for it by having corruption swept under the rug and overlooked. Of course, in the most extreme, citizens pay for it with their loss of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. The Sociopathic politician is a cancer to any political system and unfortunately the nature of the beast breeds such an individual. As such, we, the voters, must always be aware of it and be able to identify all Sociopathic politicians. Such a combination has explosive possibilities. | <urn:uuid:732f8982-53ce-45df-ac98-e3e0240609bf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theeprovocateur.blogspot.com/2008/12/sociopathic-politician.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00176-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978282 | 1,207 | 2.046875 | 2 |
YOUNG, WILLIAM COCKE
YOUNG, WILLIAM COCKE (1812–1862). William Cocke Young, early settler, soldier, jurist, and official, was born in Davidson County, Tennessee, on May 12, 1812. He moved to Texas in 1837 and settled at a place that became known as Sherry's Prairie, near Pecan Point in the area of Red River County. Young became the first sheriff of Red River County in 1837, and on February 5, 1844, he was appointed district attorney for the Seventh Judicial District of the Republic of Texas by Sam Houston. Young was a member of Edward H. Tarrant's company on an expedition against Indians, participated in the battle of Village Creek, and helped bury John B. Denton, who was killed in that engagement. Later Young was a delegate from Red River County to the Convention of 1845. On the outbreak of the Mexican War he and James Bourland raised a company of troops that they marched to San Antonio. In 1851 Young moved to Shawneetown, Grayson County, where he practiced law for six years and served a term as United States marshal. In 1854 he and Charles S. Taylor were appointed commissioners to investigate land titles in El Paso, Presidio, Kinney, Starr, Webb, Hidalgo, Cameron, and Nueces counties. Young, however, refused the appointment. At the outbreak of the Civil War Young was called to Montgomery, Alabama, to consult with Jefferson Davis. Upon his return to Texas he organized and commanded the Eleventh Texas Cavalry, which operated against the Indians in what is now Oklahoma. In May 1861 the Texans crossed Red River and captured forts Arbuckle, Wichita, and Cobb. At Fort Arbuckle the Cherokee Indians were divided, some of them entering the Confederate Army and others supporting the Union. Because his health was impaired, Young had to return to his home, then in Cooke County, Texas. There had gathered in the cane brakes along Red River north of his home a gang of bandits who owed allegiance to neither the Union nor the Confederate governments but preyed on either side without distinction, killing and robbing for loot. While Colonel Young was hunting for a friend who had been killed by this gang, he was himself murdered, on October 16, 1862. His son, James D. Young, following the trail of the assassins, located one of them in the Confederate Army. At the point of a pistol he forced this man to accompany him to the scene of the murder and had him hanged by his father's slaves. Young's first wife was Sophia Gleaves Thomas, with whom he had six children. After her death in 1849 he married Ann Hutchinson, and they had two children. With his third wife, Mrs. Margaret Ann Duty Black, he also had two children. Young County was named for William Cocke Young in 1856.
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The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Handbook of Texas Online, L. W. Kemp, "Young, William Cocke," accessed October 27, 2016, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fyo14.
Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. | <urn:uuid:1ab6d81d-4120-4b2f-873c-7591a8f25404> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fyo14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721387.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00448-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978801 | 840 | 2.609375 | 3 |
On Friday, however, a much bigger event, the referendum on Britain’s membership of the European Union (EU), which resulted in its exit from the EU—Brexit—spooked the markets. The Sensex opened lower by 635 points and went down by 1,091 points before bottom fishing brought some stability. Even as the index recovered 486 points from the day’s low, it still closed the day with a deep cut of 605 points or 2.24%.
The debt market, which reacted negatively to Rexit, with 10-year bond yields spiking on Monday morning (markets, however, recovered the same day) remained relatively calm on Brexit. However, the currency market took a beating and the rupee lost on both Monday and Friday and ended the week with a loss of 89 paisa against the US dollar.
The big picture
Rexit is a very small event and the market has already digested it. “Some news about Rexit was there in the market for several days, so this did not come to the market as a surprise,” says Vikaas M. Sachdeva, CEO, Edelweiss Mutual Fund.
The biggest worry about the Brexit vote is that it has opened a Pandora’s Box. Emoldened by the Brexit outcome, groups opposed to the EU membership in other European countries have already started demanding their own referendums. The immediate impact of Brexit is an increase in risk aversion when it comes to investing.
“Risk aversion is likely to take hold across asset classes,” says Michael Strobaek, Global Chief Investment Officer, Credit Suisse. The first hint of this was seen on Friday when crude oil fell while gold rallied 5% each.Among the global currencies, only the Japanese yen and the US dollar appreciated (considered as safe currencies by the market). Currency depreciation will further increase risk aversion and put more pressure on the weak Asian currencies.
“Asian currencies, excluding Japan, could be hurt if other EU countries follow suit and call for a referendum,” says a recently released DBS report. The Indian rupee won’t suffer much but won’t be left unscathed. “The direct trade impact (on the rupee) is limited from UK, but global risk will likely weigh on India in the near term. So we revise our 2016-17 average US dollar target to Rs 68.5 from Rs 67.9,” says the Kotak Economy Report.
The sudden increase in global risk aversion can impact the inflow from foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) to India. FPI outflows stood at Rs 539 crore last week Though domestic institutional investors (DIIs) could lend some support. DIIs pumped in Rs 1,068 crore last week, but it may not be enough if FPI outflows accelerate.Global markets were eagerly awaiting two major events: The outcome of the UK referendum and the rate hike by the US Federal Reserve. Since Brexit has already happened, the rate increase by the US central bank may not happen soon. The Indian market, however, has to worry about another more major event: The upcoming big Foreign Currency Non-Resident (FCNR) fixed deposit redemption due in September. Experts feel that the FCNR redemption in September should not be a big worry. “Since the RBI has accumulated enough forex reserves, we are pretty safe in terms of repayments,” says Debopam Chaudhuri, Chief Economist, ZyFin Research.
The central bank response How global central banks respond to Brexit will be crucial to how the markets behave. “More central bank intervention can’t be ruled out to minimise the volatility in the financial markets,” says Chirag Mehta, Senior Fund Manager, Alternative Investments, Quantum Mutual Fund. “The liquidity situation globally is likely to improve from the current levels, which would be a positive for interest rates,” says Lakshmi Iyer, Chief Investment Officer, Debt, Kotak Mutual Fund.
However, the recent spike in inflationary pressure may force the RBI to not go for accelerated cuts. “Rate reduction may not happen in a hurry, because the consumer inflation is going up,” says Chaudhuri. Any further weakness in the rupee will further tie the RBI’s hand. “Every 100 basis points (bps) depreciation in the currency will increase consumer price index by 17-20 bps and wholesale price index by 22-25 bps,” says Dhananjay Sinha, Head, Institutional Research, Economist & Strategist, Emkay Global Financial Services.Though the RBI may not go for accelerated rate cuts, the rate direction is still downward. This means short-term investors can bet on rate-sensitive sectors such as auto, infrastructure, banking, etc. The top gainers on Friday— PNB, Exide Industries, Dabur— were rate-sensitive companies and those catering to domestic demand. Similarly, investment in long-dated debt funds and tax-free bonds will also benefit from a rate reduction, an option investors could explore now.
Impact on GDP
Brexit will have an impact on India’s GDP growth. “We have lowered our aggregate 2016 GDP growth forecast for Asia excluding Japan from 5.9% to 5.6% and India’s 2016 GDP growth forecast to 7.3% from 7.6%,” said the Nomura Report. However, there is no need for Indian investors to worry about this small fall in the growth rate, because we will still be the fastest growing major economy of the world. The government is also taking steps to boost the GDP growth and steps such as the recent FDI liberalisation will help in achieving it.
Aggressive equity investors, on the other hand, should try to use the current turmoil as an opportunity. “My experience says that more the uncertainty, the bigger is the opportunity for stock-picking. Keep on buying at every dip,” says Oswal.
Also, even though India will be impacted by the global turmoil, it’ll still be much better off. “Indian markets should perform better compared to most other emerging markets and also the developed markets,” says Dipen Shah, Senior Vice-President and Head, Private Client Group Research.
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The Enforcement Directorate (ED) is probing at least ten cryptocurrency exchanges for allegedly laundering more than ₹1,000 crore identified as proceeds of crime of the accused firms under investigation in the instant loan app case in which most have a China link, said people aware of the matter.AIFs Due for Closure Struggle to Sell Holdings in Startup Firms
Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) that are scheduled to wind up in the next few months have been struggling to sell their holdings in unlisted ventures and startups, as investors stay clear of risky investments due to tightening liquidity.New RBI Norms Keep 3rd Party Out of Digital Lending Process
The Reserve Bank of India on Wednesday said disbursal of loans and collection of repayments must be executed only between borrowers and entities regulated by it, and that no third party should be involved in this process.
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Patent application title: Embossing Printing for Fabrication of Organic Field Effect Transistors and its Integrated Devices
Chang Ming Li (Singapore, SG)
Mary Bee Eng Chan (Singapore, SG)
Jun Zhang (Singapore, SG)
Nanyang Technological University
IPC8 Class: AH01L5140FI
Class name: Semiconductor device manufacturing: process having organic semiconductive component
Publication date: 2010-06-03
Patent application number: 20100136739
A method of fabricating an organic field effect transistor (OFET) includes
forming at least one OFET structure by ultraviolet (UV) transfer
embossing printing, where, in an example embodiment, the method includes
providing ink material on at least part of a patterned surface of a mold,
where the mold 100 is then contacted on a coating of ultraviolet (UV)
curable resin on a substrate so as to insert at least part of the ink
material into the resin, the resin is then irradiated with UV light, and
the mold is separated from the resin so as to transfer the ink material
onto the substrate to form at least one OFET structure.
31. A method of fabricating an organic field effect transistor (OFET), the method comprising:providing ink material on at least part of a patterned surface of a mold;contacting the mold on a coating of ultraviolet (UV) curable resin on a substrate so as to insert at least part of the ink material into the resin;irradiating the resin with UV light; andseparating the mold from the resin so as to transfer the ink material from at least part of the patterned surface of the mold onto the resin to form at least one OFET structure.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein providing ink material comprises providing ink material on a plurality of protrusions that form part of the patterned surface.
33. The method of claim 31, wherein providing ink material comprises providing a continuous film on the patterned surface.
34. The method of claim 31, wherein the patterned surface includes at least one feature of a size selected from the group consisting of: micro-scale and nano-scale.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the at least one feature is a channel that separates protrusions of the patterned surface, the protrusions being used to transfer ink material from the mold to the resin to form at least one pair of source and drain electrodes of the OFET.
36. The method of claim 31, wherein the patterned surface comprises a plurality of protrusions that define a pattern of an array of OFET electrodes at a scale selected from the group consisting of: micro-scale and nano-scale.
37. The method of claim 31, wherein the ink material is selected from the group consisting of: a metallic film, a conducting polymer material, a semiconducting polymer material, conducting nanoparticles and semiconducting nanoparticles.
38. The method of claim 31, wherein irradiating the resin comprises irradiating the resin from underneath the substrate and through a transparent support on which the substrate is provided, the substrate being a transparent flexible substrate.
39. The method of claim 8 further comprising:unwinding the flexible transparent substrate from a reel;dispensing the UV curable resin onto the substrate near the reel; andsmoothing the resin to form a coating as the substrate is unwound from the reel.
40. The method of claim 31, wherein the resin is a combination of multifunctional acrylate or methacrylate, epoxide and their oligomers.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the resin is a mixture of monomers comprising bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate oligomer, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylopropane triacrylate and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as a UV photoinitiator.
42. The method of claim 31, wherein the resin contains substantially no releasing agent.
43. The method of claim 31, wherein the coating of the resin has a thickness in the range of 1 to 100 microns.
44. The method of claim 31, wherein the method is carried out in ambient atmosphere and ambient temperature.
45. The method of claim 35 further comprising:removing portions of uncured resin;providing active material between the at least one pair of source and drain electrodes;providing dielectric material over at least part of the active material; andproviding a gate electrode over the dielectric material.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein providing active material is carried out by a process selected from the group consisting of: embossing printing, spin coating, dip coating and solution casting.
47. The method of claim 45, wherein providing dielectric material is carried out by a process selected from the group consisting of: embossing printing, spin coating, solution processing and chemical vapour deposition.
48. The method of claim 45, wherein providing a gate electrode is carried out by a process selected from the group consisting of: embossing printing, casting, evaporation and sputtering.
The present invention relates to embossing printing for the fabrication of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) and its integrated devices. More specifically, though not exclusively, the present invention relates to the fabrication of micro-array patterns and integrated electronics for devices such as OFET-based biochips.
OFETs, or more generally organic/polymer molecular electronics and devices, have been envisioned as a viable alternative to more traditional, mainstream thin-film transistor (TFT) based on inorganic materials. The processing characteristics and demonstrated performance of OFETs suggest that they can be competitive for existing TFT applications. Miniaturisation of the OFET structure is important for OFET applications as it increases the device density and decreases its power consumption. It also provides the best scaling factors for improved OFET performance, non-limiting examples of which include increased drain current and reduced modulation voltages. Miniaturised OFETs may enable organic transistors to compete with high-end applications of inorganic transistors.
However, the practical implementation of OFETs in electronic applications will ultimately be decided by the ability to produce devices and circuits at a cost that is significantly below that needed to manufacture conventional electronic circuits based on, for example, silicon. Although the cost of the organic materials used in most thin-film devices is low, the materials cost rarely determines that of the end product in electronics, where fabrication and packaging costs typically dominate. Hence, the successful application of OFETs will depend on capturing its low-cost potential through the innovative fabrication of devices on inexpensive, large-area substrates. This suggests that conventional semiconductor device fabrication technologies need to be adapted to handle large-area, flexible substrates spanned by organic macroelectronic circuits, and to be compatible with the physical and chemical properties of the organic compounds used.
Several methods have been used to fabricate OFETs, including screen printing, photolithography, dip coating and jet printing. For high-throughput production, dip coating is not feasible for making large area coverage OFET-based devices. Screen-printing and soft lithography printing have been explored for the fabrication of OFETs, but the former technique is limited to relatively large features (>100 μm) and the layer-to-layer registration of the latter has not been demonstrated to be better than 50 μm. Jet printing is an alternative technique for all printed OFETs. However, the smallest features in reported works are about 25 μm. There is no report of mass manufacturing technology for low micron (less than 10 μm) and nano scale OFETs. As outlined earlier, miniaturisation of the structure of an OFET is critical for its applications.
The present invention is defined in the independent claims. Some optional features of the present invention are defined in the dependent claims.
In general terms, in one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of fabricating at least one OFET structure by ultraviolet (UV) transfer embossing printing. The term `OFET structure` as used herein denotes one or more of the following structural features of an OFET: source electrode, drain electrode, gate electrode, active layer and gate dielectric layer. The term `UV transfer embossing printing` as used herein refers to a pattern transfer method using a patterned mold to imprint ink material into a UV-curable resin, which is subsequently hardened by UV irradiation. Put simply, UV transfer embossing printing involves the use of a mold as a printing template and UV-curable resin as an adhesive, rather than a structure material. In one example form, the method involves the use of a transparent substrate with a coating of liquid or semi-solid UV-curable resin mix, which is pressed against a patterned embossing mold. The resin mix is then irradiated with UV light before demolding to produce hardened structures. While the ultimate resolution capability of UV transfer embossing printing depends solely on the patterns on the mold (typically formed as a master stamp), the applicant has found that UV transfer embossing printing can rapidly pattern relatively large-area substrates with feature sizes below 100 μm. UV transfer embossing printing employing low viscosity resin, also known as liquid embossing, can be used for the formation of high (>5) or very high (>10) aspect ratio (width-to-height ratio) micron- and sub-micron features.
The use of UV transfer embossing printing allows the fabrication of a variety of materials, which form part of the OFET structure, onto a flexible substrate in a low temperature and low pressure environment. Also, UV transfer embossing printing allows micro-scale or nano-scale patterns to be provided over large area, thus allowing arrays of micro-scale or nano-scale OFETs to be fabricated at a time. This, in turn, allows the fabrication of OFETs in a web-to-web or roll-to-roll fashion, which increases the throughput and efficiency of OFET fabrication at a low cost.
In general terms, in another aspect, the present invention relates to an OFET, having at least one OFET structure that is provided on a substrate by UV transfer embossing printing. The resulting OFET includes at least one OFET structure formed on UV cured resin. Preferably, the OFET's source, drain and gate electrodes are formed on UV cured resins on a flexible substrate. Given the ability of UV transfer embossing printing, the source and drain electrodes of the OFET may be arranged such that they are separated by a micro-scale or nano-scale channel. Such an OFET may be used in the production of low cost and high density lab-on-chip arrays. Specifically, in one embodiment, a biochip having arrays of OFETs distributed in a plurality of microchannels may be efficiently formed with addressable sites that reduce the number of input/output lines for simpler multiplexing and thus reduced cost of the detection system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order that the invention may be fully understood and readily put into practical effect, exemplary embodiments will now be described by way of non-limitative example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-section diagram of one example embodiment of UV transfer embossing printing;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section diagram of an embossing-printed pattern obtained using the UV transfer embossing printing of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3A-3C are cross-section diagrams of another example embodiment of UV transfer embossing printing;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are a perspective diagram and a cross-section diagram respectively of an exemplary embodiment of an embossing-printed OFET;
FIGS. 5A-5F are cross-section diagrams of UV transfer embossing printing of OFET electrodes and subsequent fabrication of an OFET;
FIG. 6A is an image of embossed-printed electrode arrays on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, with an inset of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showing a plan view of the channel between two electrodes;
FIG. 6B is an atomic force microscope (AFM) image showing a cross-section of the embossed electrodes of FIG. 6A;
FIGS. 7A and 7B are graphs showing the current-voltage characteristics and the transfer curve respectively of an exemplary embossed OFET on a PET film; and
FIGS. 8A and 8B are plan view diagrams of a base part and a cover part of an example embodiment of an OFET-based lab-on-chip system;
FIGS. 8C and 8D are cross-section diagrams of the base part and the cover part of FIGS. 8A and 8B;
FIG. 8E is a cross-section diagram of the OFET-based lab-on-chip system of FIGS. 8A and 8B;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
One exemplary embodiment of the method of fabricating OFETs will now be described with reference to FIG. 1. An embossing mold 100, which may be made of metal, rigid plastic or the like, is provided with a pattern that is to be printed on a substrate. Preferably, the pattern has micro-scale or nano-scale features. As used herein, the term `micro-scale or nano-scale` in relation to patterns or features refers to patterns or features having dimensions less than 100 μm, and preferably less than 10 μm. Such patterns are typically defined by a plurality of protrusions and channels between the protrusions. As used herein, the term `protrusions` denotes structures or features that are raised relative to a base of the pattern. Although each of the protrusions 100a illustrated in FIG. 1 has the same height, and the base 100b of the pattern is the same for each protrusion 100a, skilled persons will appreciate that this arrangement is not essential.
FIG. 1 also shows the mold 100 provided with a coating of ink material 102 such that the protrusions 100a of the mold 100 carry the ink material 102. In one form, the patterned surface of the mold 100 is controllably contacted with a reservoir of ink material so as to coat the protrusions 100a of the pattern with the ink material 102. The ink material 102 may be, for example, real ink or any other material, such as a metallic film, a conducting polymer material, semiconducting polymer material, conducting nanoparticles and semiconducting nanoparticles, which are desired to be patterned onto the substrate. Specific, but non-limiting examples, of the ink material 102 include metal nanoparticle inks such as gold, silver, copper and/or conductive metal oxide inks or polymers (which may be used to form the OFET electrodes) and semiconducting polymer inks (which may be used to form the OFET active layer). The term `ink material` herein includes such material and other variants that will be apparent to skilled persons.
The substrate 104 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is a flexible transparent substrate film 104. Skilled persons will appreciate that a non-transparent and non-flexible substrate may be used instead, where necessary or desired. In the illustrated embodiment, the flexible substrate 104 is unwound from a reel 106 and is coated with a UV-curable liquid resin 108. The resin 108 may be a combination of multifunctional acrylate or methacrylate, epoxide and their oligomers, polymers and the like. Preferably, no releasing agent is provided in the resin 108 as good adhesion is required between the resin 108 (once cured) and the ink material 102, as will be explained below.
In one non-limiting arrangement, the resin 108 is first dispensed through a dispenser 110 near the reel 106, and is smoothed to form a coating using a doctor blade 112 as the film 104 is unwound from the reel 106 and travels in the direction A, as shown in the figure. In one specific form, the resin 108 is coated on the film 104 to a thickness of between 1-100 microns. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the resin 108 should be less than the height of the protrusions 100a that form part of the pattern on the embossing mold 100 to ensure accurate embossing of the pattern onto the substrate 104.
To transfer the ink material 102 onto the substrate 104, the embossing mold 100 is moved in the direction B shown in the figure, and is brought into intimate contact with the coated film 104. UV light is then irradiated on the resin 108 so as to cure and harden the resin 108. In the form illustrated, UV light is irradiated from underneath the film 104 and passes through a transparent (to light, or more specifically to UV light) support 114, which supports the film 104 as the embossing mold 100 is brought into intimate contact with the film 104. In an alternative arrangement, the UV light may be irradiated directly on the coating of resin 108 from above the coated film 104. Once the resin 108 is cured, the embossing mold 100 is lifted from the film 104, leaving the ink material 102 printed on the film 104.
FIG. 2 illustrates the resulting structure that is formed on the substrate following the steps described above. Specifically, the substrate 204 after UV transfer embossing printing includes patterns of ink material 202 that have been embossed onto the substrate 204 and that are interspersed with UV resin 208. As will be explained below, the use of UV transfer embossing printing to form the patterns allows micro-scale or nano-scale features to be formed on the substrate 204. In the form illustrated, the micro-scale or nano-scale features are the micro-scale or nano-scale walls 206 that separate portions of the ink material 202. The use of this embossed-printed structure in the formation of OFETs and OFET-based devices will be described later in this specification.
Another exemplary embodiment of the method of fabricating OFETs is shown in FIGS. 3A-3C. In this embodiment, the embossing mold 300 is provided with ink material 302 that continuously covers the patterned surface (i.e. the protrusions and base of the pattern) of the mold. As noted earlier, the ink material 302 may be real ink or any other material, such as a metallic film, a conducting polymer material, semiconducting polymer material, conducting nano particles or semiconducting nano particles, which are desired to be patterned onto the substrate. As illustrated in FIG. 3B, the embossing mold 300, which includes the ink material 302 that continuously covers the patterned surface, is brought into contact with a polymer substrate 304 having a coating of UV-curable resin 306 such that the ink material 302 partially contacts the resin 306 at protrusions on the mold 300. The ink material 302 is then selectively printed onto the polymer film 304 by virtue of adhesive properties of the resin 306 during curing and hardening under UV irradiation. Specifically, the curing and hardening of the resin 306 provide good selective detachment of the portions 302a of the ink material 302 from the mold (i.e. only from the patterned protrusions of the mold 300), as shown in FIG. 3C.
In the embodiments described above, the method may begin with a patterned embossing mold (i.e. with a mold that already has patterns) or with the preparation of an embossing mold (i.e. with a mold that has not been patterned). If the method begins with the latter, the method may include the step of patterning micro-scale or nano-scale patterns on a surface of the mold. In one specific form, this may be done using a photoresist process followed by either etching or electroforming. In another specific form, the patterning may be done using a photoresist process followed by silicon etching and then silicon oxidation. The surface of the mold may then be coated with a monolayer of silane coupling agent followed by a layer of siloxane releasing agent for easy demolding. The coupling agent and releasing agent are preferably selected so that there is a covalent bond between the coating layer (i.e. the coupling agent and releasing agent) and the mold surface to ensure durability of the coating layer.
Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, an exemplary embodiment of an OFET fabricated using UV transfer embossing printing is shown generally with arrow 400.
The OFET 400 is shown formed on a flexible substrate 402. The OFET 400 includes source and drain electrodes 404, which may comprise conducting materials (e.g. metallic films, conducting nano-particles, etc) that form part of a pattern that has been embossed onto a coating of UV-cured resin 406 on the substrate 402. The embossing of the electrodes 404 may be carried out using any one of the UV transfer embossing printing methods described earlier. Given the ability of UV transfer embossing printing to provide micro-scale or nano-scale features, the electrodes may be formed such that a micro-scale or nano-scale channel length 408 is provided.
The OFET 400 further includes an active layer 410. The active layer 410 (i.e. an organic/polymer semiconductor material layer) can be printed by transfer embossing printing with or without UV irradiation, depending on requirements of the active material ink. The active layer 410 may also be solution-processible. In this form, the active layer 410 may be applied onto the embossed electrodes 404 by any appropriate method, such as spin coating, dip coating and solution casting.
Over the active layer 410, a layer of dielectric material 412 is provided to isolate the active layer from gate material 414, which forms the gate electrode of the OFET. Like the active layer 410, the dielectric material 412 may be transfer-embossed-printed or solution-processed. The dielectric material 412 may also be deposited by chemical vapour deposition (e.g. plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD)). The gate material 414 may be provided by transfer embossing printing, casting, evaporation or sputtering, for example.
The OFET 400 described above and as illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B has a top-gate configuration (i.e. gate electrode 414 is provided on top of the OFET 400, and source and drain electrodes 404 are provided at the bottom of the OFET 400). Skilled persons will appreciate that the OFET 400 may alternatively be formed with a bottom-gate configuration. Where a bottom-gate configuration is desired, the gate electrode 414 is first provided on the substrate 402. The dielectric material 412 is then provided over the gate electrode 414, the active layer 410 is provided over the dielectric material 412, and the source and drain electrodes 404 are provided over the active layer 410. As with the top-gate configuration, one or more OFET structures of the bottom-gate configuration may be formed by UV transfer embossing printing.
An example method of fabricating the OFET shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B will now be described with reference to FIGS. 5A-5F. Skilled persons will appreciate that the steps and sequence illustrated are not limiting and only serve to provide an example of how the OFET may be fabricated.
FIG. 5A shows the preparation of the embossing mold 600, which is provided with a pattern having arrays of protrusions and channels separating the protrusions. In the example illustrated, the embossing mold 600 is fabricated via photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. The etching was carried out such that the depth of the pattern (d, as indicated in FIG. 5A) is 50 μm and arrays of protrusions are separated by channels 4.0±0.1 μm wide (L, as indicated in FIG. 5A). The surface of the mold 600 is then prepared by oxygen plasma treatment before being coated with a siloxane releasing agent. The mold 600 was then provided with a 100 nm-thick gold film 602 as ink material, which may be provided via sputtering or e-beam evaporation.
FIG. 5A also shows the flexible substrate 604 having thereon a coating of UV-curable resin 606. The substrate 604 in this example is a transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (specifically Melinex® 454 film from DuPont Company) and the resin used was a mixture of monomers EB600, SR508, SR351 with weight percentages of 60%, 25%, 15% respectively. EB600 is a bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate oligomer supplied by UCB chemicals. SR508 and SR351 are dipropylene glycol diacrylate and trimethylopropane triacrylate supplied by Sartomer. 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (or Irgacure 651 by CIBA Speciality Chemicals, Basel, Switzerland) was used as the UV photoinitiator in a 0.3% proportion by weight. In the form illustrated, the resin 606 is coated to 1 μm-thick by spin coating at 5000 rpm.
FIG. 5B shows the bringing together of the pre-coated mold 600 and the PET film 604, such that the protrusions of the mold 600 are in contact with the resin 606. This process is performed at ambient atmosphere in the illustrated embodiment. UV light is then irradiated through the transparent support via the bottom of the film. The resin 606 at areas that contact the mold is cured (i.e. cross-linked) and hardened as a result of the exposure to UV light. However, the resin at areas that are not in contact with the mold 600 is not cured. This is due to the presence of oxygen in the air to which those areas are exposed. Specifically, the curing of the resin is a radical-induced polymerisation of acrylate resin. This polymerisation is inhibited by molecular oxygen, which reacts rapidly with alkyl radicals, especially when the polymerisation is carried out in thin films.
FIG. 5C shows the resulting structure once: (i) the resin in the contact areas have cured and hardened, (ii) the mold 600 is lifted, leaving arrays of gold thin film 602a on UV cured resin portions on the PET film 604, and (iii) uncured resin is rinsed using ethanol.
In the form shown, the gold thin film array 602a forms the source and drain electrodes of the OFET. An image of arrays of embossed electrodes that can be formed using this method is shown in FIG. 6A, which also includes an inset of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showing the channel between two embossed electrodes. In the specific example described above, the measured channel length between the two gold electrodes on the PET film is 3.8±0.2 μm, which corresponds closely to the structure dimensions patterned on the mold. Another view of the electrodes and the channel is provided in FIG. 6B, which is an atomic force microscope (AFM) image showing a cross-section of the embossed electrodes.
FIG. 5D shows the subsequent process of forming the OFET active layer 608 on the embossed electrodes. In this specific and non-limiting example, the active layer 608 is . regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RR-P3HT), and is provided by spin-coating RR-P3HT from solution in chloroform (concentration 5 mg/mL) at a speed of 1500 rpm for 30 s and dried for 30 min at 70° C. Of course, where necessary or desired, other organic materials may be used as the active layer, non-limiting examples of which include small molecules such as rubrene, tetracene, pentacene, perylenediimides, tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and polymers such as polyfluorene, polydiacetylene, poly 2,5-thienylene vinylene, poly p-phenylene vinylene (PPV). Skilled persons will also appreciate that the active layer 608 may be formed by UV transfer embossing printing. Other forms of embossing printing (e.g. thermal embossing printing) may also be used.
FIG. 5E shows the next step of forming a dielectric layer 610 over the active layer 608. In this specific and non-limiting example, the dielectric layer is formed from polyvinylphenol (PVP) (from Aldrich) that is spin-coated (1000 rpm, 30 s) from solution in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (concentration 100 mg mL-1) and dried for 30 min at 70° C. The measured thickness of the PVP film 610 is 1.1±0.1 μm.
FIG. 5F shows the next step of forming a gate electrode 612 over the dielectric layer 610. In this specific and non-limiting example, silver paste was spin-coated (3000 rpm, 30 s) on top of the PVP layer 610 and baked at 70° C. for 30 min, to form the gate electrode 612. Where necessary or desired, embossing printing may be used to form the gate electrode 612.
All of the fabrication processes above were carried out in ambient atmosphere and temperature, except for the baking processes, which were carried out in a vacuum oven.
The performance of the OFETs fabricated using the method above was measured using an Agilent 5270B parameter analyser with a CASCADE probe station. The channel length (i.e. L, distance between electrodes) is 4 μm and the channel width (i.e. W, electrode length) is 3000 μm, which is representative of high aspect ratio features that are obtainable using the above method.
FIG. 7A shows the drain-source current versus drain-source voltage of one of the fabricated OFETs at a range of gate voltages, and FIG. 7B shows the OFET's transfer curve. It is clear that the OFET fabricated shows good saturation behaviour. The drain current (i.e. on current) is about 10-7 A at Vd=-20V and Vg=15V. The extracted field-effect mobility of the OFET is 0.0016 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage (Vth) is 3.0V and the on/off current ratio is 102.
Considering the large value of W/L, the drain current of the OFET (about 10-7 A) is low. This is attributable to two factors. One is the low capacitance resulted from the relatively high thickness (about 1.1 μm) of the PVP film. Measured capacitance per unit area of the PVP film was 3.2×10-5 F/m2, corresponding to a dielectric constant of 3.7. The second factor that is believed to have resulted in low drain current is low mobility. Skilled persons will appreciate that the morphology of a gate insulator is one of the factors that determine carrier mobility, since a smooth surface leads to good molecular ordering of the semiconductor. The PET film surface used in the above example is much rougher than conventional polished silicon wafer. The roughness does, however, slightly decrease after application of P3HT to the PET film.
As noted earlier, the measured Ion/Ioff ratio of the fabricated devices is about 102. This is attributable to the oxygen and humidity since the coating of P3HT and PVP and device measurements were performed in ambient atmosphere. The charge trapping at the active/dielectric interface leads to a positive threshold voltage, resulting in a big leakage current. The devices exhibit an off current of around 10-9 A and have a low on/off ratio.
One application of the above fabricated OFET is in the formation of an integrated OFET-based bioarray, bio-lab-on-chip device or the like. An example embodiment of an OFET-based lab-on-chip device will now be described with reference to FIGS. 8A-8E.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show plan views of a base part 800 and a cover part 802 of the device. In one form, both parts are made of plastic. The base part 800, which may be the substrate as described earlier, is embossed-printed with an array of source electrodes 804 and drain electrodes 806. An array of references electrodes 808 is also embossed-printed on the base part 800. In terms of connectivity, the source electrodes 804 in each row are connected together, a common reference electrode 808 is located in each column of the array, and all of the drain electrodes 806 are connected together. As will be explained below, this results in a source/reference electrode addressable array biochip. In the form illustrated, four rows of source electrodes 804 are provided. Each row is selectively activated using the four switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 provided. As for reference electrodes 808, five columns are provided, each being individually selectable using switches R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5.
The base part 800 also includes a semiconducting layer or active layer (not shown) that is printed on the gap between each pair of source and drain electrodes 804, 806, and a dielectric layer 810 that is printed over each pair of source and drain electrodes 804, 806 and the semiconducting layer between the source and drain electrodes 804, 806. The relative arrangement of the drain and reference electrodes 806, 808 and the dielectric layer 810 is more clearly illustrated in FIG. 8C, which shows a cross-section of the base part 800. It should be noted that the reference electrode 808 serves as a substitute for a gate electrode, which would normally be formed on the dielectric layer 810. However, because the dielectric layer 810 should be exposed to detect analytes (as will be explained below), the gate electrode is substituted with a reference electrode 808 that is provided on the base (i.e. substrate) adjacent the source and drain electrodes 804, 806.
The cover part 802 includes micro-scale or nano-scale microfluidic channels 812, as shown in the cross-section of the cover part 802 illustrated in FIG. 8D. The channels are preferably fabricated using the embossing method described earlier.
In use, probe molecules are first immobilised onto the surface of the base part 800 such that they contact the dielectric layer 810 and reference electrode 808. To ensure no other parts of the OFET in the device are exposed to the probe molecules, all other parts of the OFET (besides the source electrode and reference electrode) are preferably coated with an insulation layer.
Once the probe molecules have been immobilised, the cover part 802 is mounted on the top of the base part 800 to form sealed microchannels 814 that are isolated from one another, as illustrated in FIG. 8E. A sample containing target molecules is then transported into different column channels so as to react with different probes at different sites on the device. After reaction and washing with buffer solutions, array detection can be conducted by simply multiplexing switches to different addresses, such as S1R1, S2R2 . . . , for detecting target molecules at different sites on the device. Different analytes or different concentration of the same analyte in the electrolyte affect the dielectric layer of the OFET, resulting in changes of electron density in the inversion layer built by imposing voltage between the reference electrode and source electrode. This change is then detectable when the OFET is switched on. Typically, the change very sensitively corresponds to the analyte concentration.
For sensor addressable array applications using liquid sample solutions, it is generally a requirement to take in account ionic shortage between different detection sites. This is typically done by provided multi-microchannels. Conventionally, however, the provision of multiple microchannels results in higher fabrication cost and generally does not allow for the fabrication of nano-array chips (which require nano scale channels). These concerns are addressed or at least alleviated given the fabrication of micro-scale or nano-scale OFETs and microchannels in accordance with the method described above. Furthermore, the connectivity of the electrodes described above reduces the number of input/output lines that are required for addressable detection, for much simpler multicomplexing, and further reducing the cost of the detection system.
The exemplary embodiments described above relate to the manufacturing process and novel architecture design for making organic transistors (OFET) and OFET-based integrated devices. Specifically, they relate to the fabrication of micro-array patterns and integrated electronics by a UV transfer embossing printing process. The fabrication and the resulting devices may have one or more of the following characteristics: lightweight, flexible, large-area coverage, structural flexibility, low temperature processing, and low cost. The method and device may be used for applications in large display panels, electronic papers, electronic packaging, smart cards, and sensors. One specific application of the device is in a bioarray sensor, which may be used as a next-generation pervasive sensor for clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, homeland security, food control and environmental protection.
The foregoing describes exemplary embodiments, which, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, may be subject to many variations or modifications in design, construction or operation without departing from the scope of the present invention as claimed. For example, while the method embodiment has been described with reference to steps to be carried out in a certain order, the method may be modified such that the steps are carried out in a different order, where appropriate. Also, the method may be modified such that additional steps carried out. Such variations, for instance, are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Patent applications by Jun Zhang, Singapore SG
Patent applications by Nanyang Technological University
Patent applications in class HAVING ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTIVE COMPONENT
Patent applications in all subclasses HAVING ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTIVE COMPONENT | <urn:uuid:74cf355a-02b4-4244-9877-433ea020e6ae> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20100136739 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00270-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904977 | 8,133 | 1.640625 | 2 |
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Mount Sinabung in North Sumatra's Karo District, Indonesia continues to erupt with ash reaching 6 km (20 000 feet) a.s.l. today. As of 05:40 UTC today, the Aviation Colour Code was still on Red.
"The hot clouds are moving towards its previous trajectory - which includes several villages in the district of Namentaran," said the head of Sinabung's Observation Post, Armen Putra to Tempo on Friday, August 26, 2016. Villages that lie along the trajectory of the hot clouds include Bakerah, Simacem, Sukanalu, Sigaranggarang, and Kutagunggung.
Authorities are distributing thousands of masks to communities affected by the eruption.
The Commander of Mount Sinabung's Eruption Taskforce, Lt. Col. Agustatius Sitepu, said that army officers have begun ordering people to leave the red zone. "We will continue to remind and remove any people who have been caught entering the red zone," he said.
Since it was first reported on August 23, 2016, the hot clouds continue to radiate further from the crater - reaching a maximum of 4 km (2.5 miles). Once the dome, which contains some 2.6 million cubic meters of debris, collapses, the hot clouds could reach a distance of 7 km (4.34 miles) from the main crater.
The cause of the current violent phase is likely that the prominent viscous lava lobe that has been spilling over from the summit dome into a steep ravine of the upper flank has now become too unstable and is crumbling apart. During this process, rockfalls can turn into highly mobile and destructive glowing avalanches of disintegrating hot lava rock fragments, gasses released from these and ambient air (so-called pyroclastic density currents / flows), Volcano Discovery reported.
"Current satellite imagery indicates that ash from the volcano has now dissipated. There are no further reports of a new or ongoing eruption," the Darwin VAAC reported at 09:00 UTC today.
Gunung Sinabung is a Pleistocene-to-Holocene stratovolcano with many lava flows on its flanks. The migration of summit vents along a N-S line gives the summit crater complex an elongated form. The youngest crater of this conical, 2 460-m-high (8 070 feet) andesitic-to-dacitic volcano is at the southern end of the four overlapping summit craters.
An unconfirmed eruption was noted in 1881, and solfataric activity was seen at the summit and upper flanks in 1912.
No confirmed historical eruptions were recorded prior to explosive eruptions during August - September 2010 that produced ash plumes to 5 km (16 404 feet) above the summit. (GVP)
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Estaing, Charles Hector Théodat, Comte D'
Estaing, Charles Hector Théodat, Comte D'
ESTAING, CHARLES HECTOR THÉODAT, COMTE D'. (1729–1794). French admiral. Estaing's given names on his birth certificate were Charles-Henri, those on his marriage certificate were Jean-Baptiste Charles, those recorded by the French navy were Charles-Henri Théodat, and those of the French National Library were Charles-Hector. Born in the château of Ruvel in Auvergne, he entered the second company of the king's Musketeers of the royal household. In that capacity he served in the Flanders campaign of 1744–1745 in the War of Austrian Succession. In 1746 he married the daughter of the Maréchal de Chateaurenault. Later that year upon his father's death, he succeeded to the title of compte and the family fortune. In 1748 he was commissioned a colonel by the king and fought at the siege of Maastricht. He was sent to England in 1755 to assist French ambassador de Mirepoix. In that capacity he prepared memoranda promoting the causes of a strong navy and colonial defense.
In 1755 Estaing's request for service with Montcalm in Canada was denied. Instead, he was promoted the following year to brigadier. In 1757 he was awarded the Croix de Saint-Louis and left for India. At the siege of Madras in 1758, he was captured and later paroled. He conceived several operations against the English in southeast Asia that brought him to the king's attention, and he was promoted to maréchal de Camp in February 1761. On his return to France he was captured by the English, who considered him as having violated his parole. Estaing was taken to Plymouth, badly treated, and released in 1762 with a letter from Lord Egremont, the English secretary of state for the Southern Department, to the duc de Choiseul complaining of his conduct. He was promoted to lieutenant general of the army after his return to France and appointed to head a squadron against Brazil three months later. However, the signing of peace preliminaries halted the project. Estaing's career now turned to colonial administration.
In late 1763 Estaing was appointed governor of the French Leeward Islands. There he found the colonial rule lax and incurred the hostility of locals when he sought to reestablish royal control. He wrote, "I would rather fight some enemy a hundred years than these contemptible people for a quarter of an hour." In 1766 he requested his recall on the grounds of ill health and left Saint Domingue. In 1767, having reached the minimum required age, the king conferred on Estaing the Order of the Holy Spirit. He was appointed naval commandant at the important port of Brest in 1772 and vice admiral of French naval operations in Asia and America in February 1777. Estaing sailed from Toulon with a squadron on 13 April 1778, arriving in American waters by July.
Following Howe's fleet near New York from 11-22 July, he was forced to break off pursuit for lack of water. A landing at Newport was stymied first by delays of American forces and later by the bad state of French vessels. Estaing's offer to debark troops at Boston was rebuffed by Congress, though it passed a motion on 18 October endorsing his actions.
On 4 November he sailed for the West Indies after abandoning plans for an amphibious Franco-American expedition against Halifax and Newfoundland. Admiral Barrington frustrated Estaing's attempt to retake Santa Lucia, but the French admiral succeeded in capturing St. Vincent and Grenada. He also forced Admiral Byron to withdraw from an effort to relieve Grenada. On 6 July 1779 Estaing and Byron fought a drawn battle, but when the latter retired to St. Christopher, the Frenchman would not use his superior forces to attack him in the roadstead. Estaing was not sure whether to attack Jamaica or sail for North America. Unsure of English strength on the island and with Spain now in the war, Estaing received a series of appeals from South Carolinians fearing an assault from the British General Prevost in Savannah. He decided to attack the latter and set sail on 16 August. The squadron dropped anchor off the Georgia coast on 1 September, encountering a violent and damaging storm
At Savannah on 9 October 1779, Estaing attempted a surprise assault on the western fortifications, but deserters had alerted the English, who repelled the combined American-French force with heavy casualties. Estaing was wounded in an arm and leg. The French vessels divided up, and d'Estaing sailed to France. He arrived there in December just in time to enjoy the celebrations for his victory at Grenada. In July 1780 Estaing was sent to Cadiz to command a joint French-Spanish amphibious expedition. Its object was set in October 1782 as Jamaica, but the signing of the Peace Preliminaries on 20 January 1783 ended the project for him and his second-in-command, Lafayette.
Estaing suffered from the ill will of the new naval minister, Castries, who denied him further rewards. Yet he was rewarded by the state of Georgia in 1785 with citizenship and twenty thousand acres near the Oconee River and granted special privileges by the king of Spain. In 1784 he was named president of the French section of the Society of the Cincinnati. In 1785 he became governor of the province of Touraine, and in 1787 was appointed to the Assembly of Notables. In September 1789 the officers elected him commandant of the Versailles National Guard, which post he held until his resignation in favor of Lafayette in October. In May 1792 the National Assembly issued a decree naming Estaing admiral. Although in favor of national reforms, he remained loyal to the royal family. Estaing was arrested by the Committee of General Safety of the French Convention on 22 November 1793, interrogated on 29 March 1794, and condemned and executed on 28 April 1794.
Estaing, a sometime poet and litterateur, wrote in 1790 an "Apercu hasardé sur les colonies." He followed it in 1791 by a play he styled a tragedy of circumstances titled Les Thermopyles, which prophetically contained the line: "Go tell Sparta that we are dead here for obeying his laws."
revised by Robert Rhodes Crout | <urn:uuid:85644444-288c-4053-8df4-b0041a8ab5ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/estaing-charles-hector-theodat-comte-d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.979816 | 1,381 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Shoshin Theatre Association is an organisation that is based on the three pillars contained in it's name.
Shoshin, meaning 'beginner's mind' in Zen Buddhism, is the frame of mind with which we wish to approach all our endeavours. It requires openness, curiosity, eagerness and a lack of preconceptions, in all areas of study. It means using the approach of a beginner even when working and studying on a very advanced level.
Theatre is the discipline that we choose as the form of our work and our study. Breaking away from the thought that theatre means purely representation, we wish to examine the ways in which it can have a concrete impact on the quality of life. It is to do with energy, clearness of expression, being in the now, consciousness, communication, relations with self and others, and many other facets, all of which can be approached through the specific tools of our craft.
And finally, the third pillar, association, the notion and the act of associating, of progressing towards oneness. In mathematics, we see this coming to being in the principle of convergence, but this is also yoga, in the root of the word - to yoke, or to join. The idea of convergence is visually embodied in the Möbius strip, a two-dimensional surface with only one side and only one boundary component, always flowing into itself, joining itself, having no end, no beginning, and no division into inner/outer parts. | <urn:uuid:817ce3fe-496b-4e24-ac15-edc14724fc26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.shoshintheatre.com/about-us | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.966186 | 308 | 2.34375 | 2 |
A few weeks ago we introduced to our readers to these adorable stuffed animals, Joobles. They are hand made in Peru and in support of fair trade. Well, my daughter has the bear Jooble and it’s safe to say she’s in love. The body is so squishable and everything on this cute little cuddly bear is so soft, it’s a perfect lovey. Pictures speak volumes….
A little bit about Joobles at Fair Indigo…
Joobles are precious playmates from Peru where artisans have hand crafted a menagerie of animals under fair trade conditions, providing work and hope to hundreds of rural and urban Peruvians. That’s why their tagline is Responsible, Sustainable, Adorable™.
Each incredibly soft animal is made with eco-friendly dyes and organic cotton grown in Peru. Calley the Cat stands 11” tall (as all the friends do) with adorable whiskers and a huggable green and yellow body. For parents hunting for eco-friendly toys, all of the Joobles are made with cotton grown without the use of pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fertilizers, or other chemicals. Eliminating these chemicals is not only better for baby, but also for workers and for the environment.
The Joobles family consists of nine adorable animals:
- Bella the Bunny
- Buzzy Bug
- Calley the Cat
- Fair Bear
- Icy the Penguin
- Jiffy the Giraffe
- Mel the Monkey
- Mooey Cow
- Pip the Dog
Retailing for just $29 each, Joobles can be found online at www.fairindigo.com or at specialty e-tailers like Oompa.com
These would make great Holiday gifts! | <urn:uuid:06a3cde9-2f59-463a-ae44-9f945e4b62ba> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theohanamama.com/2008/12/13/jooblesmy-little-wahines-new-lovey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916927 | 377 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Target: Michael D. Antonovich, Metro Board Chairman
Goal: Thank LA Metro for investing in all-electric buses as part of a clean air bus technology pilot project
The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, or Metro, has just purchased five new electric buses in efforts to reduce vehicle emissions, and will most likely purchase another twenty after an initial testing period. As part of a $30 million clean air bus technology pilot project, Metro will be acquiring these buses from electric vehicle manufacturer BYD Co. Ltd. The company is also contracted to implement a local jobs program at their assembly plant in Lancaster, CA. Please commend Metro’s acquisition that both invests in renewable energy and creates local jobs.
This new fleet of electric buses will test new innovations that can extend range, use lighter weight constructions, and integrate subsystems more efficiently. BYD’s iron phosphate rechargeable batteries make it possible for these 40-foot buses to travel up to 155 miles between charges, even at high capacity.
According to Los Angeles County Supervisor and Metro Board Chairman Michael D. Antonovich, “Metro already operates the nation’s largest compressed natural gas bus fleet, but this initiative sets Metro on a new course for transitioning to even cleaner electric buses that will be assembled right here in Los Angeles County.” Metro also plans to convert six of its hybrid buses to Super Low Emission Bus standards, further expanding its efforts to reduce air pollution. Please show your support of Metro’s investment in renewable energy by signing the petition.
Dear Metro Board Chairman Michael D. Antonovich,
Metro’s recent purchase of up to twenty-five electric buses is a commendable move in the right direction of reducing vehicle pollution in Los Angeles. Not only is this acquisition with BYD Co. Ltd. beneficial for the environment, but for employment since more jobs will be created at BYD’s local assembly plant. Thank you for doing your part to meet vehicle emission reduction targets set by the California Air Resources Board with the implementation of your clean air bus technology pilot project.
Los Angeles has earned the top spot in a list of the most congested cities, conducted by INRIX, a traffic information and services group that collects data for individual road segments. So this addition to Metro’s fleet will be welcome to commuters interested in a cleaner transportation option. Metro has also rightfully began the process of converting six of its electric gasoline hybrid buses to Super Low Emission Standards.
Metro sets the example that all other transportation agencies in the U.S. should follow. This investment in clean, renewable technology will succeed in keeping more cars off the road and leaving less pollutants in the air. Thank you for providing Los Angeles riders with a more sustainable mode of transportation.
[Your Name Here]
Photo Credit: Cassiopeia_sweet via Wikimedia Commons | <urn:uuid:c857db2d-68be-41e8-8a9b-fed17e077494> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://forcechange.com/68451/applaud-los-angeles-purchase-of-electric-buses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00560-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924359 | 580 | 2.015625 | 2 |
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Published on Jul 24, 2012
Constructable is an interactive drafting table that produces precise physical output in every step. Users interact by drafting on the workpiece using a hand-held laser pointer. The system tracks the pointer and implements its effect by cutting the workpiece using a high-powered and fast laser cutter. | <urn:uuid:dd487135-578c-4c8b-91fb-afefcd8f6876> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8g3LaF9oVFY | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00483-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923114 | 88 | 1.773438 | 2 |
For many of us, just making sure the dishes are done and our dirty clothes make it to the hamper can be enough cleaning to call it good. To go that extra mile just seems as if it requires more time than we have — but that's just not true. Can you clean deeper in the same amount (or less) time as your regular routine?
1. Race The Clock: For the last several years I've used the "timer method" of cleaning. Mainly because I get distracted easily by bright or shiny objects and although my goal was to sort the laundry, there's a good chance I'll end up playing with makeup instead. Set a timer for 5 minutes. It's not long, but long enough to get a chunk of work done before resetting the timer. If the timer goes off and you find yourself distracted, that's your warning to get back to work!
2. Don't Put Things Off: So you head to the bathroom and do your business. While washing your hands you think, gee the counter top could do with a wipe down. Instead of just clearing the counter real fast so you can deep clean later, just do the whole thing. It will only take you an extra minute or two to go the extra mile instead of having to clear your schedule and pencil in deep cleaning later which is bound to take longer since you won't have the same sense of urgency.
3. Clean As You Go: For years I didn't really understand how to clean as I went. Sure I knew to do the dishes when I was done making dinner, but I had no clue how much the small things would impact my daily routine. Am I walking from the sofa to the kitchen? Take any dirty dishes or snacks back with me! By tidying as you go (without going out of your way to alter your routine), it means the time you have to put in some real elbow grease isn't spent taking care of the daily stuff. Instead you might have a few extra minutes to spend with a toothbrush on your bathroom tile grout! (oh joy!)
4. Know Your Cleansers: Have you ever reached under the sink and grabbed a bottle of something thinking it wasn't what you were looking for, but would do the trick? We have and it means two things. One, you need to clean out under those cabinets so you can find things and two, knowing what you have on hand and what it's capable of doing are important! Orange spray degreaser cleans stainless steel better than a multi-purpose cleaner and there's no buffing of finger prints left to be done!
5. Use The Right Tool For The Job: Although it sounds like something your Father would say (heaven knows mine always did), it couldn't be any more true. You can scrub and scrub with your washcloth all you want on crayon on the wall, but it will only take you 2 seconds if you use a Magic Eraser.
How do you get a deep clean on in your home with less minutes spent accomplishing it? Share your thoughts in the comments below to help us all learn to do that which we hate a little more efficiently! | <urn:uuid:65cf47e2-c4b2-4000-b973-cf3569c6f619> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/5-ways-to-clean-a-little-deepe-137430 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974655 | 648 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Author: Kevin A. Gardner
When you try to classify North American big game animals in categories of difficulty to hunt, you find a wide range of opinion. I have been fortunate enough to have at one time or another hunted most of the big game that roam the states. What I have not hunted with rifle, I have hunted with camera equipment. I have developed strategies and techniques for observing and hunting them along the way. Giving credit to all of them for their cunning and stealth, I just can’t say I can name a tougher hunt for a trophy animal then the Whitetailed deer.
Whitetails were the first big game animal I ever learned to hunt. The technique seemed simple, sit in that tree till one walked by and drop it, simple …right? It took me three years to bag the first one and five before I had anything to nail to a mounting board. The largest problem seems to be the animals high strung and spooky nature. Few animals I scout seem to be so inclined to jet to the next woodlot when they discover you a substantial distance away.
If you were to try to profile the whitetail and explain him to someone who has never hunted him, you might say things like, he is curious but overly cautious. He will turn heels at the crack of a branch, always alert and suspicious yet can be stopped for a brief moment from a dead run with a predator call. Knowing the nature of the animal and observing him in his environment for years, I have employed the following tactics to give myself an edge.
* First I understand and size up his home range. Knowing that whitetail deer in many parts of the country will never see the territory outside of a mile radius of their birthplace. They are very residential animals and are also very complacent in their travel routes. Knowing escape routes and hiding places within a short distance of sighting a big buck are the two most important issues to address.
When trying to determine cover and escape routes, look for areas of timber that may separate fields or openings. The best deer stand I have hunted was at a corner of a field. The immediate area behind the deer stand (the stand was facing the field of course) was a small patch of timber that lead to another field. When constructing the stand I wish I had know to face the woodlot instead of the field as I later learned that the animals ran through the woodlot to avoid the open fields when pressured. I might have started harvesting whitetails sooner. Who knows how many crept quietly behind me while I intently watched my empty field.
* Scrape areas are another great place to look for sign of recent use. Deer will often paw an area up and rake the vegetation around the area while urinating on the pawed ground. Smelling the soil in the affected area will tell you if the area was used recently. The strong musky urine odor will be present for a day or so if weather is stable. This “scent posting ” is the deer’s call box saying this is his territory. When preseason scouting remember the scent thing about humans and try not to touch the ground with bare hands or worse yet urinate, spit or rub against allot of the surrounding brush.
* In still-hunting the whitetail (the method of short stalk and watch) move slowly and watch where you place each step. Move only short distances and then stop. Wait for 10 minutes searching every inch of visible timber. When finished and convinced that there are no deer present move to the next “predetermined spot via predetermined route”. Moving 35 yards in the woods using this technique is what I consider allot of distance between moves. It will open up however a lot of woodlot to observe. Wind direction and other gunshots can also play a part in this type of hunting. When a shot rings out stop immediately and wait for at least 10 minutes before moving on. We have taken many whitetail this very way as they escape from other hunters.
*Drives are far and away the best method of hunting spooked deer as they will “hole up” after the shooting starts. As a driver you are most often compelled to make noise and scare them ahead. Too often drives are done unsuccessfully due to drivers spreading out and making lots of noise. The deer are very scared at this point and will often risk close proximity to you to circle you and go back to bedding.
Instead, put your drivers into a straight line within eyeshot of each other and move slowly and quietly. When the deer jumps and tries to circle it meets another driver. Using this method, I would advise drivers to be armed hunters.
The bottom line is, when whitetail hunting you must observe and respect the skittish nature of the animal, remember his range (which is not very big), identify his sign, and hunt him smart. The unfortunate thing about whitetails is when the shooting starts, all the rules change and the deer are where you find them. Using good scouting techniques will tell you what animals are in the area, but smart tactical woodsmanship will put the animal in your sights. | <urn:uuid:69946fbd-1169-4e70-9b64-881a591f5bcf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://deerfever.com/2008/07/whitetails-and-woodlots/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00183-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972569 | 1,051 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Travois Tribal Scholarship Program Helps Ten Native American Students Achieve Their Dreams
Denver, Colo., April 28, 2022— Thanks to Travois’ generous gift of $27,500 to the American Indian College Fund, 10 American Indian college students received scholarships to attend mainstream and tribal colleges and universities for the academic year 2021-22.
Travois is a Certified B Corporation focused exclusively on promoting housing and economic development for American Indian, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian communities. The Travois Tribal Scholarship Program provided financial support for eight students pursuing careers in affordable housing and economic development and two students pursuing an arts degree.
Currently only 15 percent of American Indians have a bachelor’s degree, which is less than half the national average. That compounded with the fact that a high percentage of American Indians are currently under the age of 24 makes providing access to a higher education to Native students crucial for the sustainability of Native communities as well as students and their families.
Jon-Anthony Henry (Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation), a business administration student at Salish Kootenai College (SKC), is a four-year tribal college in Pablo, Montana who wants to use his degree to give back to his community. He plans to work for his tribe to helping tribal business owners the skills and assistance they need to succeed.
“Giving back to my community has always been a passion for me because I see how many Native Americans are struggling on my reservation,” Henry said. “I also want to be an inspiration to the youth and show them that anything is possible if they put their mind to it. I want to encourage the youth to continue education because college is very important in today’s world. I strive to be a positive role model for youth and to help make a positive change in my community.”
Henry knows firsthand why role models are important. He lost his beloved uncle who was his own role model when he was a high school student. Encouraged by his mother, he began focusing on academics and said he felt happiness again. His mother shared how college helped her through her own life and he said, “I decided to follow in her footsteps and continue my education. It has been the best decision I’ve ever made.”
Tiffani Zamudio (Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation) attempted to return to school several times, but motherhood and illness in the family thwarted her attempts. After assuming the role as a housing case manager for her tribe’s housing authority for nearly six years, she developed a passion for helping people in her tribe. She enrolled at Northwest Indian College, a tribal college in Bellingham, Washington, where she plans to use what she learned in her career as she works toward a new one after completing a bachelor’s and master’s degree in social work.
“I want to work with our tribal and extended communities to battle homelessness and provide support services to an underserved population. This scholarship will allow me to further my education and continue to grow in my position. All that I am learning, I have been able to apply to my everyday life as it pertains to my personal and professional life.”
“We’re thrilled to support American Indian college students working toward a brighter future for themselves and their families,” said Elizabeth Glynn, CEO of Travois. “In our work helping tribal governments finance affordable housing and create jobs in American Indian communities across the country, we see firsthand the incredible creativity and leadership of this next generation. We’re excited to see what the future holds for this talented group of students.”
Cheryl Crazy Bull, President and CEO of the American Indian College Fund, said, “Our students’ passion to give back to their communities with thoughtfulness and intention is evident in their stories. On behalf of the College Fund, I want to share our appreciation for Travois, a partner that role models what it means to empower our students to make a difference through their own vision and hard work.”
About the American Indian College Fund—The American Indian College Fund has been the nation’s largest charity supporting Native higher education for 32 years. The College Fund believes “Education is the answer” and provided $15.5 million in scholarships and other direct student support to American Indian students in 2020-21. Since its founding in 1989 the College Fund has provided more than $259 million in scholarships, programmatic and community support. The College Fund also supports a variety of academic and support programs at the nation’s 35 accredited tribal colleges and universities, which are located on or near Indian reservations, ensuring students have the tools to graduate and succeed in their careers. The College Fund consistently receives top ratings from independent charity evaluators and is one of the nation’s top 100 charities named to the Better Business Bureau’s Wise Giving Alliance. For more information about the American Indian College Fund, please visit www.collegefund.org.
Journalists—The American Indian College Fund does not use the acronym AICF. On second reference, please use the College Fund. | <urn:uuid:eea2c79d-1421-4d50-af6d-49566497a002> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://collegefund.org/press-releases/travois-tribal-scholarship-program-helps-ten-native-american-students-achieve-their-dreams/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.969075 | 1,073 | 1.828125 | 2 |
The Lithuanian parliament recently lowered electoral threshold and while supporters loud it as a vehicle for more democracy, opponents have called it a Trojan horse designed to help fringe parties enter parliament.
The bill reducing the threshold for parties from 5 to 3 percent and for coalitions from 7 to 5 percent was passed with the votes of the ruling coalition, despite the opposition's boycott.
At the moment, parties in the ruling bloc except the Farmers and Greens Union are scrambling at the bottom in most opinion polls, and the lower threshold could ease their path to the parliament in the upcoming 2020 election.
Meanwhile the opposition, unhappy with the bill, have appealed to President Gitanas Nausėda to veto it. “The changes of the Election Law will further increase political instability in the country,” the opposition's statement said. “They will evidently bring even more fragmentation of the political system. They would pave the way for many parties with few members to parliament [and] the voters will be confused by the very long list of parties on the ballot.”
Speaking to BNN, Julius Sabatauskas, a member of the Social Democratic Party, has said the parliament's work is “very chaotic” and more disarray is inevitable with the lower barrier.
It will be more challenging to put together parliamentary groups, which require at least seven members, and it will be “even more difficult to form and maintain stable coalitions,” said Sabatauskas.
Meanwhile Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis has welcomed the new rules, saying the lower threshold will lead to better representation.
“With the 5-percent threshold, several hundred thousand votes go to waste,” according to Skvernelis. “The cut to 3 percent reduces that number [...] Let’s leave it to the voters to decide if they want to have traditional parties [in the Seimas] or less popular ones.”
Skvernelis admitted however, that a more fragmented parliament might make it more difficult to form government coalitions. The prime minister himself recently applied to brand a campaign slogan he used during his recent presidential campaign, provoking speculations about his plans to found a new party.
In the 2016 general election, the ‘wasted votes’ for parties that did not cross the electoral threshold numbered around 234,000 or 19 percent.
Arvydas Juozaitis, who ran for president in 2019 and is now the chairman of a fringe political party, stands to gain from the lower threshold. As a presidential candidate, he took 4.69 percent of the vote.
However, Juozaitis dismissed that the bill will be favourable to his party, claiming that they aim for double-digit percentages in the upcoming election, and said the lower threshold will only add "more chaos to our legislature".
"As a state, we are not as mature as the old democracies, like Denmark and Finland, where the election threshold is even lower," he added.
Whatever the merits of the bill, it was “bulldozed” through the legislative process and its success was a surprise to many, says Ieva Petronytė-Urbonavičienė, assistant professor at the Institute of International Relations and Political Science of Vilnius University.
“Especially with less than one year until the next parliamentary election, the bill means completely new dynamics of the election,” the analyst has told BNN. “There will definitely be a lot of new names as a result.”
Andžej Pukšto, a lecturer of political science at Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, believes that the lower threshold will not add to the quality of Lithuania's party politics.
“Our political parties, even big ones, lack quality in terms of their programmes, visions. I am afraid that those smaller parties [are even worse],” he has told BNN. “Some of the small parties, which now have a chance [of getting into parliament], are flirting with populism and extremism. I really doubt that Lithuania wants to see them in its parliament.”
The piece originally appeared on BNN and was edited for brevity by LRT English | <urn:uuid:7a1d7438-eaab-4559-80ee-4185e71c4248> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1126194/lower-election-threshold-in-lithuania-more-democracy-or-more-chaos | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.96654 | 876 | 1.804688 | 2 |
I rarely follow the news and almost never get it direct from news sources. What news I’m up on tends to find it’s way to me through filters – blogs I read, emails from friends, Facebook posts and hearsay.
This is not because of laziness or a lack of concern with being informed. Indeed, I love information, trivia, knowledge and truth. However, I found that keeping up on the news, especially reading papers and watching news shows, significantly diminished my quality of life. It made me angry and depressed more often than not.
This is not because the cold, hard realities of terrestrial life are simply all bad news. In fact every day billions of people are voluntarily, peacefully co-operating and being made better off through trade, commerce, community, and friendship. Millions of things are invented, quality of life improves, the creative destruction of the market (in both goods and ideas) brings about untold beauty and opportunity. Indeed, with a little bit of reflection it is not hard to see how vast, mysterious and awesome life is, even in the smallest tasks of a typical day.
But, probably for rational reasons, the news chooses to focus on those relatively few happenings between relatively few people that are violent, coercive and troubling. A disproportionate amount of space is devoted to that tiny sliver of our individual and societal existence, politics, and nearly all the rest to all the other dangers and troubles in the universe.
It’s not an accurate picture of the world, nor is it particularly useful. I think it was for this reason (and perhaps the generally bad quality of the writing) that C.S. Lewis warned against frequent newspaper reading. Mark Twain (I think) said “Those who don’t read the news are uninformed. Those who do are misinformed”.
Does this mean we turn a blind eye to reality so that we can be happy? Isn’t that a form of escapism? Frankly, I think that’s the wrong question.
There is a phenomenal scene in The Silver Chair, part of C.S. Lewis’s Chronicles of Narnia series, where a group of children and a kindly swamp creature are trapped in an underground world by an evil queen. The queen has them under a sort of spell and she is trying to convince them that there is no outside world, but only the cavernous underworld. When they object and say that the outside world is real she asks them what it is like. They tell her it has a sun, which is much like the lights in the cave only bigger and brighter; it has lions which are much like the cats of the underworld only grander and more fierce, and so on.
The queen remarks that there is no outside world at all, but that the children have simply taken things from the real world and pretended they were bigger and better. It was a mere game, and the reality was in the caves all along.
The group is on the verge of being persuaded of this sad state when the humble swamp creature proclaims that even if this were true, what would it say about the real world? What kind of world would it be if children could easily create a make-believe world that was so much better? Even if the outside world is make-believe, he declares, it’s so much preferable to the “real world” underground that he’d rather go on pretending. At that the spell was broken, hope restored and the deceptive queen’s power rendered inert.
It is more than a mere cliche to say that perception is reality. Expectation is also reality. Believing a better world is real and possible makes this world better, if for no other reason than that positive, optimistic people are more pleasant to be around.
The evidence also supports optimism. Who could ever have predicted the kinds of technologies and opportunities we have available today even just 50 or 100 years ago? The iPhone alone is jam packed with capabilities that were the stuff of sci-fi even a decade ago.
Why then do we listen to the news when it constantly reports on the fearful side of the present and future? That is only one view of reality. It’s a tiny slice of all that is, and a very unrepresentative slice at that. If a human can only take in so much of reality at once, why would I focus on the negative in a sea of positive?
I’d rather create my own reality – a powerful, free, beautiful one – than get angry about the false reality portrayed by the news. If that’s escapism, so be it. Escaping something bad into something better is nothing to be ashamed of. It’s a choice to perceive and embrace reality in a more useful, constructive manner.
It doesn’t mean injustice doesn’t exist, or that there are not things I am hoping and fighting to change – not least of which are in myself. It just means there are better ways of doing it and thinking about it.
Instead of letting it be selected for me, I choose each day what bits of news I take in about the vast and wondrous universe. It beats the hell out of the paper. | <urn:uuid:817af490-a2fa-4984-b92a-e8520ce4fd3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://libertarianchristians.com/2011/01/20/dont-watch-the-news/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.964974 | 1,084 | 1.625 | 2 |
Readers write: climate change, apology from Japan, including Palestinians
Letters to the editor for the Aug. 10, 2015 weekly.
Hope for slowing climate change
The message of hope in the July 27 Monitor’s View “As climate goals rise up, so do innovative solutions” can break the political paralysis that is holding back strong climate-stabilizing measures at the national and global levels. The forces of economics are stimulating the transformation to carbon-free energy. But economics alone may not drive the transformation fast enough.
The voice of the people – so far strangely silent given the danger of climate disruption, but now liberated by hope – is needed. Tell politicians to set effective goals for eliminating carbon emissions and to enact the regulations and incentives that will ensure those goals are reached soon enough to hold global temperature rise within safe bounds. Specifically, at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris this fall, commitments are needed to drop global carbon emissions 30 to 40 percent by 2030, and to zero or below by 2070.
William H. Cutler
Union City, Calif.
Time for Japan to apologize
The July 27 cover story, “Why Asia is still fighting WWII,” is probably the most comprehensive and well-written article on this particular issue I’ve read so far. I sincerely hope Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe will listen to the advice of his fellow Japanese scholars and use the coming 70th anniversary as an opportunity for Japan to make a clean break from its history of aggression and colonial rule and pave the way for genuine reconciliation with its neighbors.
Include Palestinians in prosperity
Regarding the June 22 cover story, “Defying drought”: It’s wonderful that Israel has used its wealth and commitment to provide for its water needs. However, much of Israel’s prosperity has been gained by denying Palestinians’ rights and needs. Israel needs to grant Palestinians the dignity and freedom each and every human being deserves – and share the water. | <urn:uuid:20d3ad19-3c9d-4bbc-a987-682bb76c5320> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Readers-Respond/2015/0808/Readers-write-climate-change-apology-from-Japan-including-Palestinians | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93872 | 405 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Do your wheels need balancing?
Ensuring that your car’s weight is equally distributed across its four wheels is something worth checking regularly.
Shifts in weight as well as wear and tear take place over time, which is why experts recommend that you check your car’s wheel balance every 10,000km, or every time you change and rotate your tyres – or hit a pothole.
Let Autoworks take care of this for you on your next visit to our Benfleet or Southend centre. Book an appointment with our team or give us a call today for more information.
WHY IS WHEEL BALANCING SO IMPORTANT?
Your car’s four tyres entirely support your car’s body. When they’re balanced, your tyres can spin easily and smoothly at very high speeds. In time, your tyres will wear down creating a subtle imbalance. This is normal and will happen in any car, no matter the price of its tyres.
If you ignore this problem beyond the recommended servicing period, you decrease your tyre’s lifespan causing your steering wheel and seat to vibrate or shake at high speeds.
If you frequently travel long distances at high speeds, you’ll notice an imbalance even sooner. Often an imbalance is misdiagnosed by drivers as being a wheel alignment issue. This could lead to expensive repairs down the line or, in the worst case scenario, an accident.
With wheel balancing being as simple as it is, there’s no reason not to do it.
WHAT TO EXPECT FROM AN AUTOWORKS WHEEL BALANCING
When your wheels are balanced, our team will check air pressure and valve stem, which will be replaced if a defect is found.
Special testing equipment will determine the severity of the imbalance. Once the problem is rectified by attaching wheel balancing weights to the wheels, they’ll be returned to the testing equipment and spun again to determine if there is balance. The process will continue until your tyres are perfectly balanced
Wheel balancing only solves weight imbalance problems and does not affect problems with your tyres’ structure.
Physical irregularities like radial run-out or in other words an ‘out of shape tyre’ will mean you need to replace the defective tyres.
Our team will be on hand to immediately help you with any problems like these. | <urn:uuid:f7ace96c-6dea-4e74-ade8-4954384b5e9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.auto-works.co.uk/wheel-balancing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.926721 | 494 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Coffee can be life-threatening under some circumstances. Some of these amazing facts about coffee are stated below in this article.
Coffee was first created in the 15th century, and to this day it retains its position as one of the most popular drinks, with millions of coffee drinkers around the world.
It is assumed that coffee was first discovered in the 15th century in Yemen. While rumors about coffee origins exist, this famous beverage’s most likely birthplace was the Yemeni monasteries.
Records indicate that in the town of Mocha, the Sufi Muslim monasteries brewed a dark drink. The drinking of coffee then spread across the Middle East and North Africa.
People believe that the term “coffee” entered the English language sometime in the 16th century. It was apparently borrowed from the Italian word “caffe,” derived from the Dutch word “koffie,” taken from the Turkish Ottoman word “kahve,” extracted from the Arabic word “qahwah.”
These ‘beans’ are roasted once dry and ground to be brewed into the coffee drink we all know and love. Coffee has evolved into a multi-billion-dollar industry over the centuries and has become part of our lifestyle and cultural phenomena.
But do you know any interesting facts about your favorite beverage? If not, have a look:
1. Coffee beans are originally cherry seeds
Coffee comes from a bush-like flowering plant that cultivates cherries. They’re picked, processed, and dried until ripened. Every cherry contains two to three seeds known as coffee ‘beans’ by the average individual.
The fruit of the plant is not very pulpy, but it is edible. The taste depends on the rising area, the atmosphere, and other variables, but the general opinion is that they are sweet like honey.
2. One can overdose on coffee
A life-threatening overdose of caffeine is highly unlikely, but it is possible. Most deaths are accidental and the culprit is over-the-counter medicine, not beverages, according to a 2018 medical study.
To stay healthy, the FDA recommends drinking a maximum of 400 milligrams of caffeine per day. It’s an estimated four 8-ounce cups of coffee brewed.
These facts about coffee open up the dark side of this beverage. Everyone should look after their health and follow healthy coffee drinking habits.
3. Coffee prolong the life of your cat
Maybe it’s a coincidence, but the Guinness World Record holder for “Oldest Cat Ever,” was a 38-year-old kitty called Creme Puff who drank coffee every morning plus enjoying bacon, eggs, and broccoli.
Consider this before you ignore that outright: The cat that Creme Puff beat out for the record (a 34-year-old cat, properly called Grandpa Rex Allen) had the same owner, and the exact same diet was fed.
Even though the above facts about coffee prolonging the cat’s age might be eye-catching. Having a sensitive smell 10 times stronger than humans cats are attracted by the smell of coffee as well.
This proves they love coffee, one way or another, and providing a balanced diet is always the key to health and age of being.
Whereas at the other end, it’s equally dangerous for your dogs, like beagles, GSD, and other pets as they suffer from tremors, vomiting, and toxicity.
4. A goat herder discovered coffee
Coffee was said to have been found in Ethiopia in the 1500s by a goat herder. He saw his goats eating the cherries of coffee. He noticed a shift in their actions afterward; they gained significant energy and did not sleep at night.
The herder shared his observations with the local monks. They discovered they could stay up all night and pray after making their own drink out of coffee beans. Word spread to other monks in Ethiopia and soon reached all over the civilized world.
The monks were the ones who helped in spreading the coffee all over the world. These facts about coffee are quite interesting how the goat herder found it and the monks unknowingly did the marketing.
5. Hawaii is the only coffee-producing state in the US
Good coffee growing conditions rely on variables such as elevated altitudes, tropical climates, and rich soil. Hawaii being the only coffee-producing state in the U.S is also one of the surprising facts about coffee.
Thus, Hawaii is the only state suitable for growing coffee plants, amid all the rich and varied ecosystems of the Continental United States. Even before it was a state, it produced coffee. Recently, though, farmers have started to grow coffee bushes in California.
6. World’s 1st webcam was inspired by coffee
In 1991, researchers at the University of Cambridge in England set up a camera in the “Trojan Room” to feed a live image of a coffee machine so that workers could see whether the pot was full or not.
If they could see that it was empty ahead of time, it would save them a trip and inevitable frustration. The camera was linked to the Internet a few years later and quickly became an international phenomenon. People watched from all parts of the world until it was turned off for good in 2001.
7. Coffee sent brazil to the Olympics
For the Summer Olympics in 1932, Brazil could not afford to send its 69 athletes to Los Angeles, so they put them on a ship with 50,000 bags of coffee and sold the beans along the way at various ports.
Brazil has been the largest coffee producer globally for more than 150 years, so they had coffee beans to spare. These facts about coffee clarify how the transportation of coffee was used as a medium to compete in the event.
8. Cat poop is the most expensive coffee
“Kopi Luwak” is the world’s most expensive coffee. It comes from Indonesia and is made from the Asian Palm Civet digested beans. It comes from cat litter. It sells for €350 per kilo and higher! This is one of the facts about coffee that will hit hard on your brain.
There might have been protests around the world for this cause of coffee but still, it is one of the most expensive coffee in the world. It is time to cut down the Kopi Luwak produced by assaulting and torturing the animals on top of that it’s a “poop.”
9. Finland is the coffee king of the world
The most caffeinated country in the world? Ah, Finland! Finnish drinkers nevertheless manage to eat almost three times as much coffee as Americans per year, although the nation does not produce any beans of its own. The top five coffee consumers are Norway, Iceland, Denmark, and the Netherlands.
10. Instant coffee is around 250 years old
As demonstrated by the fact that instant coffee made its first appearance in England in 1771, convenience has long been a problem for coffee drinkers.
Over the years, the process progressed until the first mass-produced instant coffee was introduced and patented in the United States in 1910.
David Strang of New Zealand invented instant or soluble coffee in 1890. Japanese-American chemist Satori Kato was successful to create stable soluble coffee powder in 1901.
The new product hits the market named “Nescafe” when scientist Max Morgenthaler invents a new instant coffee-making method.
It continued to evolve into the 1960s when it made its debut with freeze-dried coffee (still a common method). And it goes on! These facts about coffee shed light on history.
11. Attempts to completely ban coffee
Governments have been attempting to ban coffee as early as the 18th century. Its propensity to stimulate “radical thinking” was among the many reasons for outlawing the drink.
Sweden took it to an extreme in 1746 when it outlawed both coffee and coffee paraphernalia (i.e., cups and saucers).
These are some amazing and unknown facts about coffee. In the above article, the history, some fun facts as well as the extreme side effect were described which should be noted down. Coffee has its own followers it never had to search for any as soon as it hit the market.(Last Updated On: June 1, 2022) | <urn:uuid:21b6caa7-a122-4cbf-a4fa-a347f03fff16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yocover.com/facts-about-coffee/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.970815 | 1,751 | 2.5 | 2 |
MFM P3 Genetic Testing is Available
MFM is Myofibrillar Myopathy - it is dominant disease
MFM symptoms include exercise intolerance, tying up, pain, stiffness and tremors, heavy sweating, and in severe cases an inability to stand. Another symptom is very dark coffee colored urine. All of these signs often come after exercise and/or high stress.
MFM can be seen clearly on a muscle biopsy.
Horses that carry one copy of either P3 or P4 have a predisposition to develop MFM (also diagnosed as PSSM2). Horses with two copies of the variant (P3/P3 or P4/P4) have stronger symptoms and the symptoms show up when the horses are younger.
Treatment includes a high portein diet and a specific exercise plan.
P3 and P4 are used to signify MFM at this time.*
*Researchers at EquiSeq have identified semidominant alleles of two genes that causes MFM in Thoroughbreds and related breeds. The results are not yet published in a peer-reviewed academic journal. Prior to publication, the variants have been termed P3 and P4.
You can get your horse tested for P3 at Equiseq.com | <urn:uuid:7cd3746f-907c-4a86-8a44-732c90a5d8f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bridgequine.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=153&Itemid=496&lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.93751 | 264 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Walla Walla, Washington – April 18, 2019 – Organix, Inc. of Walla Walla, Washington announced today that they have installed a BioFiltro water treatment system at J&K Dairy in Sunnyside, WA. Primary funding for this new project comes from the Washington State Conservation Commission.
BioFiltro’s patented Biodynamic Aerobic (BIDA®) System garnered national attention in 2018 when Royal Dairy, of Royal City, WA, was presented with a US Dairy Sustainability Award. Unlike conventional water treatment systems, the BIDA® System’s process capitalizes upon the digestive power of red wriggler worms and microbes. Housed in site specific containment units, wastewater is spread across the system surface via an irrigation system where it then percolates down through layers of wood shavings, river cobble, and drainage basins. Worms and microbes reside in the wood shavings layer and work symbiotically and beneficially together to form a robust biofilm that captures and breaks down contaminants. Four hours after entering the system, up to 95% of certain components like ammonia and possible greenhouse gases (GHG) are removed. The California-based company has over 150 installations functioning at wineries, dairies, food processors, slaughterhouses, and rural communities around the world including the coldest and hottest places on earth – Antarctica and the Atacama Desert. According to Matt Tolbirt, BioFiltro USA, CEO, “Increasing consumer demand for regenerative agriculture calls for increased transparency and accountability in the production and farming practices. Our system provides a great story and triple bottom line impact for our clients as it not only cleans water, but also generates soil amendments (worm castings and tea) and carbon credits.”
One of those clients is Jason Sheehan of J&K Dairy in Sunnyside, WA. J&K Dairy was selected to participate in the WSCC grant project in partnership with Organix and BioFiltro. “Dairies must continually explore these new technologies to stay ahead of the curve,” says Sheehan. “Being environmentally sustainable is one of our four primary objectives – along with conditions for employees, treatment of animals, and providing the highest quality of milk possible.”
Organix President, Russ Davis, explains, “This is the only water treatment system that creates exclusively beneficial byproducts as a result of the filtration process. It’s common knowledge that worm based products are the gold standard in soil amendments. We have been working with dairies for 15 years trying to come up with a practical, low energy water treatment system that could effectively manage nutrients. This is it.” Davis says that as an added benefit, methane and other greenhouse gases are mitigated since the system is aerobic. As part of the grant, environmental improvements are being monitored and quantified by Washington State University. Carbon Solutions of Portland, OR is evaluating and quantifying GHG emission reductions.
Contact: Russell V. Davis,
President: Organix, Inc., Walla Walla, Washington, USA | <urn:uuid:a3fcf02c-2b56-495e-b070-35ef5b03a60b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.anewswire.com/worms-wriggle-dairy-management-plan-wscc-grant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.931177 | 646 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Battle field of Chickamauga, Georgia
Scale ca. 1:31,000 (not "1:20,000"). Photocopy; blue line print. Relief shown by contours. "Register no. 934." Stamped on: 453 754 1. LC Civil War maps (2nd ed.), 153.9 Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Includes text. AACR2
Boyd, Charles H. - Thomas, George Henry - Tennessee Valley Authority
Map of Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Park
War route to Chickamauga. Dedication Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park, September 18, 19, and 20, 1895.
Scale ca. 1:57,000. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 157.6 Copyright, 1895, by Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Ry. "13421" is in the lower left corner. Title when folded: War route to Chickamauga. Dedication Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park, September 18, 19, and 20, 1895. Map shows roads, railroads, state boundaries, place names, and boundary of national park. "Red lines indicate government roads." Description ...
Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railway
Map of Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
Scale 1:12,000. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 158.5 From Lynde, Francis. Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park. With narratives of battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. Chattanooga, W. E. Birchmore, c1895. 40 p. Map indicates roads, drainage, houses, and names of residents. "Key to monuments, locations, and markers" depicted on map reproduced on p. of text. Copyright no. 19605 AA. ... | <urn:uuid:780eacfa-8e96-4fe9-ab30-ac38e10a575c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-war-maps/?q=&fa=original-format:map%7Clocation:tennessee%7Clocation:chattanooga%20national%20military%20park%7Clocation:chickamauga%20national%20military%20park | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00424-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.83863 | 383 | 2.671875 | 3 |
By Connor Wilson and Austin Walsh
The Black Rhinoceros is in the Rhinoceros family, it is on the brink of extinction. its is also surprisingly not black.
It lives in multiple biomes including the grassland, savannas , and tropical brush. The rhinoceros lives on only one continent Africa and lives in 7 different countries.
The diet is mostly leaves, shoots, and twigs.
Black Rhinos only have one predator, humans. Humans kill this animal for sport and its horn the horns are used in Asia for medicine. They also kill the rhinos for there skin. Humans have killed so many that there population got lower then 2,000 in 2003. People only kill the rhinos for sport and there horns. The medicine from the horns is now useless since other stronger and more effective medicines have been developed.
The Rhinos are level red endangerment witch means there population is lower then 10,000. there are two level after that including less then a thousand and less then one hundred.
sorry could not link the rest if you want more info go to Google, Bing ,and Internet explorer. | <urn:uuid:742e2de6-3ed6-4326-a893-9ec42acba088> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://tackk.com/ps0ysv | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00319-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929107 | 234 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Are you tired of typing ftp://172.22.1.222 every time you need to grab a file from within your corporate ftp server? It's a hassle, and it wastes time. But how can you get around it? Simple. The /etc/hosts file is a great tool that will help cut down on your typing when you’re using various network protocols.
The biggest benefit of using the /etc/hosts file is its ability to assign various aliases to an IP address. This ability will save your fingers from constantly typing IP addresses. An alias can be almost any alphanumeric combination, but you ought to keep them short, easy to remember, and simple to type. For example, the alias bob is much easier to remember than 172.22.1.37.
From your favorite editor (and as root if you plan on editing), you should open /etc/hosts. You will see the following line (and perhaps more):
Normally, this line is the first entry in the hosts file, and it should remain so. There’s an IP address (in this case, the loopback address), a hostname.domain name, and an alias. The hostname is the name of the computer that you’re using, the domain is the domain of your network, and the alias is a user-defined name for the computer. Let's enter a new alias for the machine that you’re using. Let's say that the IP address of your machine is 172.22.1.2, the name of the machine is insanity, the domain is junction, and the alias that you’ve chosen is nightmare. This entry would appear like so:
With this file in place, you can perform all of the networking functions by replacing 172.22.1.2 with nightmare.
Of course, it’s also possible to enter an entire private (or even public) network’s worth of aliases into this file. Since this file may become a long list of machine names that you’ll have to memorize, you can make it easier on yourself by using aliases that reflect what the machines in question do. Let's say that you have one machine with an IP address of 172.22.1.3 for employee records, one machine for payrolls at 172.22.1.4, one machine for customer files at 172.22.1.5, and one machine for billing at 172.22.1.6. It would make sense to have an /etc/hosts file that looks something like this:
Now, you have a very simple way of remembering what goes where.
Jack Wallen, Jr. is very pleased to have joined the TechRepublic staff as editor in chief of Linux content. Jack was thrown out of the "Window" back in 1995, when he grew tired of the "Blue Screen of Death" and realized that "computing does not equal rebooting." Prior to Jack's headfirst dive into the computer industry, he was a professional actor with film, TV, and Broadway credits. Now, Jack is content with his new position of Linux evangelist. Ladies and gentlemen—the poster boy for the Linux Generation!The authors and editors have taken care in preparation of the content contained herein, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for any damages. Always have a verified backup before making any changes.
Jack Wallen is an award-winning writer for TechRepublic and Linux.com. He’s an avid promoter of open source and the voice of The Android Expert. For more news about Jack Wallen, visit his website jackwallen.com. | <urn:uuid:d3a52a4f-5780-4acb-a1b9-7de0c41bde4e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.techrepublic.com/article/keeping-your-sanity-with-etc-hosts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00108-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919022 | 771 | 2.3125 | 2 |
How Could Life Have Arisen on Earth?
Module written by Paul G. Jasien, Stanley
Session 1: How could life have arisen on earth?
Exploration 1A: What are your initial ideas?
Exploration 1B: What are the requirements of life?
Exploration 1C: Where do we search for signs of life?
Session 2: Under what conditions did life arise?
The Primordial Environment
Exploration 2A: What are your initial ideas?
Oxidizing and Reducing Atmospheres
Exploration 2B: What processes control the temperature of the earth?
Energy Release and Absorption
Exploration 2C: Can we make a simple model for the amount of O2 on the primitive earth?
Steady State Processes
Session 3: How can the molecules of life be made?
The Building Blocks
Exploration 3A: What are your initial ideas?
Small Molecule Chemistry
Exploration 3B: What do molecules look like in 3-D?
Optical Isomers and Molecular Interactions
Exploration 3C: Could life have arisen in space?
Exploration 3D: Can we simulate the conditions of the early earth in the laboratory?
High Energy Chemical Reactions
Exploration 3E: How can we simulate the origin of life on a computer?
Session 4: What do we mean by a "stable" molecule?
A Question of Time
Exploration 4A: What are your initial ideas?
Exploration 4B: Can a molecule be both stable and unstable?
Thermodynamics and Stability
Exploration 4C: Are amino acids "stable"?
Concentration vs. Time Graphs
Exploration 4D: How can we quantitate the rate of a reaction?
Session 5: Can life have arisen from a poison?
Exploration 5A: What are your initial ideas?
Concentration and reaction rates
Exploration 5B: How can we mathematically represent the reaction rate?
Exploration 5C: What could have happened in a tidal pool?
Concentration Effects on Reaction Rates
Exploration 5D: How can the rate law be determined?
The Method of Initial Rates
Exploration 5E: How can you find the rate law for the formation of adenine?
Experimental Design and Rate Laws
Exploration 5F: How can we relate rate laws to reaction mechanisms?
Mechanisms and Rate Laws
Session 6: How can prebiotic reaction rates be increased?
Temperature and Rates
Exploration 6A: What are your initial ideas?
Temperature and Reaction Rates
Exploration 6B: What molecular level model can account for reaction rate
Activation Energy and Chemical Reactions
Exploration 6C: Could life have arisen at high temperature?
The Arrhenius Equation
Exploration 6D: How can certain molecules increase reaction rates?
Catalysts and Chemical Reactions
Exploration 6E: How can optical isomers be interconverted?
Session 7: Can we determine when life arose?
Kinetics and Nuclear Decay
Exploration 7A: What are your initial ideas?
Exploration 7B: Can we quantitatively analyze a first order reaction?
First-Order Integrated Rate Law
Exploration 7C: How can we find the age of rocks?
Session 8: How can we measure the rate of hydrolysis of
cytosine to uracil in the laboratory?
Mutations and Chemical Kinetics
Experimental Determination of k and Ea
Session 9: Putting it all together
Where should we look for evidence of extraterrestrial life?
Copyright © 2004 by the trustees of Beloit College and the Regents of the University of California. This Module has been developed under the direction of the ChemLinks Coalition, headed by Beloit College, and the ModularChem Consortium, headed by the University of California at Berkeley. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation grants No. DUE-9455918 and DUE-9455924. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, Beloit College, or the Regents of the University of California.
Published through exclusive license with W. W. Norton.
How Could LIfe Have Arisen on Earth? ISBN 0-393-92436-X
Origin of Life | ChemConnections | <urn:uuid:b4664517-999e-4635-9c69-a5ba982658d4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://chemistry.beloit.edu/Origins/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00147-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.785906 | 931 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Retirement is one of the most critical phases of life, one most people would eventually pass through, and our experience in this phase of life is primarily based on how well it is prepared for.
The higher the financial stability of the aging population, the lesser the burden on the nation's economy. This is so because those with better savings have better health care options and generally lead better lives, thanks to a higher purchasing power.
More people have become enlightened about investment options that promise to take care of their retirement, delayed gratification is being practiced by more and more people as awareness grows about retirement and investments.
As with many things, investments are equally fraught with risk although the severity varies from portfolio to portfolio.
Questions have been raised over and over again about the best investment for retirement and very consistently Gold has always come up and for good reason.
Gold has proven to be a source of steady and stable growth compared to the more volatile stock market. This is the reason why many retirement investment companies are turning to Gold.
This post will be answering the question of Why Gold Is Valuable and go on to list the Best Gold IRA Companies. These are Gold IRA (Investment Retirement Accounts) companies that are tested and trusted and have consistently provided customer satisfaction without faltering.
Why is Gold Valuable?
Gold is an asset with various intrinsic qualities that make it unique and necessary for investors to hold in their portfolios. If the modern paper-money economy were to collapse, gold may not have immediate use but as panic sets in and people fight for their basic needs—it will eventually.
Gold is the logical choice for this exchange. If disaster strikes, such that paper money and the system that supports it no longer exists, we will revert to gold. Arguably, gold is one of the only substances on earth with all of the qualities for the job, including sustainability.
Bottom line, the metal is abundant enough to create coins but rare enough so that not everyone can produce them. Gold doesn't corrode, providing a sustainable store of value, and humans are physically and emotionally drawn to it. Societies and economies have placed value on gold, thus perpetuating its worth.
What is a Gold IRA Company?
A gold IRA company is a company specialized in self-directed individual retirement accounts designed to hold precious metals.
A gold IRA allows pre-tax contributions, and the investment earnings can then accumulate tax-deferred. The contribution and income limits are the same. But unlike a traditional IRA, which typically holds paper assets such as stocks, bonds, funds, ETFs, and cash equivalents, a gold IRA is set up strictly to hold physical gold or other approved metals.
A gold IRA company's role is to facilitate setting up the IRA and purchasing the gold coins or bullion. The investor must still find a custodian and a secure depository for their gold.
Having given a brief introduction into the investment world of gold, you need to know the Best Gold IRA Companies, if you are also looking to turn to a more sustainable store of value, Gold.
The 3 Best Gold IRA Companies
Gold IRAs cater to investors who want to diversify their wealth as they save for retirement. Precious metals like silver and gold, platinum and palladium are considered hedges against inflation and stock market volatility. These qualities tend to attract more attention during times of geopolitical uncertainty and gold IRAs allow you to hold physical gold in an individual retirement account.
After much research into Gold IRA Companies, here are our top 3 Best Gold IRA Companies.
Augusta Precious Metals - Best Overall Choice & Most Trusted
#1 Augusta Precious Metals - Best Overall Choice & Most Trusted
Augusta Precious Metals is one of the top gold and silver IRA companies in the precious metals IRA industry. They have a stellar reputation and great customer service. Augusta Precious Metals is a Gold IRA Provider with Deep Experience & Dedicated Service. It also offers physical gold and silver at competitive prices.
Augusta Precious Metals was built in 2012 by CEO Isaac Nuriani. Its primary office is located at 5830 East 2nd Street, Casper, WY, United States. The prime purpose of Augusta is to help retirement savers protect their investments by adding gold, silver, or other precious metals. It provides personalized services to ensure that every client decides on the right option and plan. All paperwork is handled by an account specialist assigned to you, making your investing experience stress-free.
Augusta Priceless Metals is recognized for providing clients with the finest silver and gold pension investments available. It also helps customers to protect their assets by allowing them to diversify their profiles. Once you’ve established an account with Augusta, you’ll be entitled to first-rate assistance as long as you stick with them. If you have questions regarding certain items or want more details on your retirement funds, their experienced team is ready to help.
What Augusta Precious Metals Offer
Meet Your Agent
Your personal assistant and guide to gold and silver.
Our team of professionals reveals economic info not easy to find elsewhere.
We do 95% of the paperwork with you – simple and straightforward.
Gold & silver portfolio-building assistance from Augusta’s product professionals.
No-stress, official phone confirmation to finalize your order.
Augusta Precious Metal Fees
Rest assured, Augusta has done its due diligence on behalf of customers to find the best secured private depository in the United States. This company works with a reputable depository, the Delaware Depository.
Unless you have a specific preference, the company will usually recommend that you use their preferred storage facility which is in Delaware. There are other depository options in California, Idaho, North Dakota, Nevada, Massachusetts, Ontario, Utah, New York, and Ohio, as well as several in Delaware. There is some contradictory information on the company website about depository options so it’s best to talk it over with your advisor.
Your precious metals are safely stored in a highly secure non-government depository storage facility. They are legally documented and inaccessible by the facility’s creditors, far away from financial and political centers.
$1 billion all-risk insurance through London underwriters
Exchange-approved depository for CME & ICE
IRS compliant (IRC - 408n) depository for IRA assets
Bullion fully allocated and held off balance sheet
Augusta Precious Metals Services
Augusta offers a variety of precious metals IRA options, all of which are designed to help clients find a way to avoid the risks of inflation or even just diversify their portfolio. Buyers are required to have a minimum of $50k in savings for their retirement accounts before starting with Augusta, like 401ks or traditional IRAs.
A gold IRA isn’t the same as a regular IRA, which is why Augusta Precious Metals designed a straightforward way of onboarding clients for the purchase of precious metals.
Conclusion on Augusta Precious Metals
Augusta Precious Metals is a highly rated, reputable company which can assist you setting up self-directed IRAs and send out IRS-approved silver and gold to depositories.
Those who have more than $100,000 in savings also get access to a free webinar tailored to them. Augusta donates some of its net proceeds to charity, namely K9s for Warriors.
If you’re looking to diversify your investments with gold and silver, then Augusta Precious Metals is a great choice.
#2 Birch Gold - Precious Metals IRA Specialists
Since 2003 and with over 13,000 customers, Birch Gold group has become a leading dealer of physical precious metals in the United States. Their dynamic team of former wealth managers, financial advisors, and commodity brokers continue to help customers diversify their portfolios with gold, silver, platinum, and palladium.
With your retirement at stake, you want to be confident in the financial services companies that you work with—including whom you choose for purchasing physical precious metals. Birch Gold Group has distinguished themselves in the management of Gold as a portfolio for retirement investments.
Birch Gold Group proudly maintains an A+ rating with the Better Business Bureau, an AAA rating from the Business Consumer Alliance, and numerous other 5-star ratings on top review websites, including Consumer Affairs and GoldDealerReviews.com.
Birch has a dedicated team of professionals with decades of combined experience, including past positions with Citigroup, Dun & Bradstreet, and IBM. This expertise, combined with the customer care process, will make your purchase or IRA set up feel smooth and simple.
Finding a company to help out with a conventional IRA is easy. But when it comes to Precious Metals IRAs, finding a reliable specialist is not as easy as it may seem. It’s especially difficult to find one with the knowledge you need to feel comfortable moving an IRA or 401(k) to an IRA backed by gold and silver. This is where Birch Gold group comes in with a proven record of being precious metals IRA specialists.
Why choose Birch Gold Group? - Here’s what they offer
All the services provided by this group revolves around their 3 core values:
Dedication to 1-on-1 care
Birch Gold Group aims to educate their customers on the unique benefits of investing in precious metals. They do this by walking customers through various types of precious metals that suit their personal retirement goals, including the potential rewards and risks associated with each.
Diversifying your portfolio minimizes your risk when markets get volatile. But who you choose to help you do that is key. Trust is earned and Birch says customers can count on them to help diversify their investment portfolio.
Purchasing Precious Metals in Birch
Below is a list of fees for the custodian and depository that most customers of Birch Gold Group use.
Account Set Up Fee: $50
Wire Transfer Fee: $30
Management Fees: $100
Storage Options in Birch Gold Group
Birch Gold group also ensures that your precious metals are placed in an appropriate facility—the depository, chosen by you. The 2 depository options popular with customers are:
The Delaware Depository
Customers opting to store their precious metals with the Delaware Depository can pick between two facilities, one located in Wilmington, Delaware and the other in Seal Beach, California. Both locations are rigorously fortified using cutting edge security.
Brink’s is an industry leader in a wide range of secure logistics at the global scale, with over one thousand facilities worldwide.
Hedge Against The Dollar
Protect From Stock Market Volatility
Safeguard From Geopolitical Instability
Conclusion on Birch Gold Group
So if You need to put your savings into the hands of an experienced and well-respected dealer in gold, silver and other precious metals, Birch Gold Group has a working and trusted platform reputable enough to be named among the Best Gold IRA Companies. Reviews from TrustPilot suggest that they are a proven industry leader in your corner, someone who can show you how precious metal investments can protect your lifestyle and retirement—even when the economy gets shaky.
#3 Regal Assets - Precious Metals and Crypto Investing
Based in Burbank, California, Regal Assets has long been considered one of the market's top gold and silver IRA vendors. Since its founding in 2009, Regal Assets has done an excellent job of living up to this reputation. In 2010, the company landed a rare “A+” rating with the Better Business Bureau, an achievement they've maintained ever since.
Overall, Regal Assets boasts a very impressive resume when it comes to user reviews. For a company that has been around for as long as it has, to have only received 6 complaints across the BCA, BBB, and Complaint Board is an incredible achievement. Not to mention that each complaint has been amicably resolved via a full or partial refund.
Unlike some companies involved in the gold IRA space, Regal Assets is a growth company that has shown considerable development since its launch. For instance, Regal Assets was recently made a member of the exclusive Forbes Finance Council and has been nominated an Inc. 500 member in recent years.
Regal Assets also have a longevity advantage. With well over a decade in business and minimal complaints to its name, Regal Assets has made a name for itself as one of the most reputable and trustworthy firms in the industry. This says a lot, given that the vast majority of companies in the precious metals investing sector fold within their first few years of operation.
How to Invest With Regal Assets in Precious Metal
One of the key benefits of investing with Regal Assets is that they streamline the investment experience so that it's largely a no-touch process. After requesting a free kit, a Regal Assets customer representative will contact you via phone or email to discuss whether you feel ready to open a gold IRA. Once agreed, Regal Assets will walk you through the process from end to end.
Any Regal Assets IRA is effectively a self-directed IRA in which you can invest any number of IRA-approved assets. However, Regal Assets representatives and custodians specifically work with you to invest in precious metals and cryptocurrencies.
Regal Assets Prices and Fees
Like most gold IRA companies, Regal Assets doesn't list its fees and pricing structure on its website. For pricing data, you have to call their customer hotline and speak to an agent. If you want the most accurate and up-to-date info on Regal Assets fees, you can give them a call at 1-877-962-1133 or register for a free startup kit.
As of Q1 2022, Regal Assets' pricing structure is as follows:
$100 annual administration fee (waived for first year)
$150 annual segregated storage fee (waived for first year)
$10,000 minimum purchase amount
$0 initial setup fee
$0 storage and maintenance fees (non-IRA accounts)
Regal Assets charges a flat annual fee that hovers around the market standard. They charge the same annual fees as other competitors, only that Regal Assets waives the first year's fees (your first billing is 12 months after you open your account) and doesn't charge a $50 setup fee. | <urn:uuid:e5b1c414-897c-4c98-ac5f-53f211fdf67f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/best-gold-ira-investment-companies-recently-updated-which-is-best-for-you--news-209951 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.946805 | 3,060 | 1.523438 | 2 |
If you are looking for prototype & production CNC machining in general, you are open to a variety of options. Many metal fabricators are offering prototype production by use of CNC machining which is a process of metal fabrication. Their precision in getting it done is what has amused most of their customers.
Metal fabrication is an art that involves the creation of metal structures or machines through the processes of cutting, bending, and assembling. This involves a variety of raw materials which range from different kinds of metals depending on the final piece to be achieved.
You can also opt for CNC machining in Sydney at https://medinaeng.com.au/.
All these processes involve their own individual procedures before the structure can be properly built or assembled. Basically, there are many standard raw materials that are used by metal fabricators. These include plate metal, expanded metal e.g. square or tube stock, welding rods, castings, fittings, and hardware.
Fabricating sheet metal to meet desired objects that meet the market needs requires the right tools and processes. One such process would be the CNC turning. This is a cutting process that involves the production of parts by feeding a cutting tool to the turning material.
In protocol & production CNC machining, the material to be cut is fitted on a lathe where it's in constant rotation as a cutting tool is fed onto the rotating workpiece. In producing various shapes, the cutter is fed onto the workpiece in a variety of angles or axes.
Considering its ability to produce perfectly symmetrical objects under the axis of revolution, it is considered economical in the metal fabrication process. The turning costs can as well be optimized to make ensure a more economical working process. This can be made possible through:
- reducing the complexity of the process,
- minimizing the materials being removed and
- Avoiding complexity in the shapes being created. Long thin shapes for example would be very difficult to produce. | <urn:uuid:bbeaff72-fb72-461a-b39c-d31e65f437ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rock-creek-ventures.com/how-to-find-precision-prototype-and-production-cnc-machining/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.941943 | 400 | 3.125 | 3 |
This is Why it Pays to Plan, Financially Speaking
A recent survey performed by Northwestern Mutual found that, when it comes to Financial fears, the 2 biggest that most Americans have are 2 things that happen to practically everyone.
Their study, the 2015 Planning and Progress Study, surveyed more than 2000 people back in January in order to get some insight about the way Americans consumers feel about their finances, and one of the questions that they asked was about the Greatest Financial Fears that US adults have.
On the list were things like identity theft, loss of employment, poor credit and having to claim bankruptcy, among others. Interestingly however, the top two greatest financial fears that most Americans half are having an unplanned financial emergency (#1) and having insufficient funds to retire comfortably (#2).
What’s most interesting about these findings is simply that, as far as having an unplanned financial emergency or facing retirement are both concerned, they literally happen to everyone at one point or another. (Obviously the unplanned financial emergency could happen at any time and the fear of facing retirement without enough savings would only happen after a person has retired, but you get the idea.)
In fact, out of the top 5 fears that were noted in the survey, 4 of them were either about financial emergencies or retirement.
Which begs the question; if retirement and financial emergencies are a concern, why not just plan for them ahead of time? Indeed, knowing that both of these 2 events are inevitable, the logical reaction would be to plan ahead, would it not?
In this case these fears can easily be neutralized by opening an IRA, 401(k) or other type of retirement account for when retirement does arrive, and setting aside money in a savings account (6 to 12 month’s worth of bills is a good idea) for any type of financial emergency that might arise. Both of these solutions will not only reduce the chance of either one happening, but also allow any fearful consumer to meet their fears head-on.
The point being is simply this; knowing your financial fears gives you the control over them. What you do with that control is up to you. | <urn:uuid:c8db2327-aa5a-4aec-9532-902b8601b795> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.americandebtproject.com/2015/06/this-is-why-it-pays-to-plan-financially-speaking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97308 | 440 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Wednesday, January 12, 2011
THE GIFT OF THE MAGPIE by Janeen Mason
As my first interview for 2011, I would like to introduce you to Janeen Mason, author and illustrator of her latest picture book, THE GIFT OF THE MAGPIE. It's coming out right about now, so be looking for it in your local bookstore!
Q. Janeen, when I think of your art, I mostly think of blues, and water and undersea life. What moved you to the sky?
A. Florida has magnificent cloud formations. I've heard them described by our old timers as 'Florida's Mountains', and I've always wanted to paint our skies, our brilliant sunsets.
Q. The strong black and white graphics of the birds lends a beautifully folksie look to the art in GIFT OF THE MAGPIE. What was your inspiration?
A. I'd had a studio in a building built in 1926 with a courtyard behind it. The doors were 10' tall, and there were windows up near the ceilings for cross ventilation. At a certain time of the year flocks of crows would land on the power lines above the courtyard in the back. The crows were so excited, shouting to each other for 30 minutes or so before they all lit off somewhere for the night. So this story began with crows, but one day a friend of mine (a clown - for real) read the mss. and smiled when she finished it, saying "Ahhh. It's like Gift of the Magi.." I thought she said Magpie and suddenly the whole vista opened before me.
Q. GIFT OF THE MAGPIE reads like a classic folk tale. How did you pull that off?
A. Thank you! I didn't realize I'd pulled that off. Have no idea how it happened.
Q. The two magpies also feel so human. Are they modeled after anybody you know?
A. Yes. It's like Mars and Venus, isn't it? When our children were little I took them by train to visit my parents, we had a lovely visit. Unbeknownst to me, my husband bought a car for me while I was away. We hadn't had a second car until then and he was so sure I'd be thrilled. That car was a lot like Max's basketball shoe. I was horrified. It didn't look safe to me! I thought it made a lot more sense to stick with one car until we could afford something with a little more durability, completely overlooking his gesture. Sigh.
Q. You have been sharing your talents with the world for some time now - how many books is this for you now? Will there be any fun events surrounding the release of GIFT OF THE MAGPIE?
A. Gift of the Magpie is my 12th picture book, but only the third one I've written and illustrated. There are two more in the wings behind it.
On Thursday, January 13th, we're celebrating the release with a publishing party at the Blake Library in Stuart, Florida. On Valentine's Day, February 14, 2011, we'll have another celebration at the Society of the Four Arts in Palm Beach where I'll be conducting 6 2-hour workshops this winter/spring for adults aspiring to write and illustrate children's books.
Thanks Janeen! Here's wishing THE GIFT OF THE MAGPIE much success! | <urn:uuid:43ca289c-2be1-41c1-9f97-49be0069fa3a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://dulemba.blogspot.com/2011/01/gift-of-magpie-by-janeen-mason.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981366 | 710 | 1.507813 | 2 |
For several years now, a number of people in Germany have been pursuing the irrational demonization of Muslims on the pretext of voicing "criticism of Islam". They have been using debates about Islam in general and about anti-Semitism among Muslims in particular to disguise themselves as concerned observers in order to bolster the influence of right-wing populist, right-wing intellectual, and Christian fundamentalist groups on public discourse.
Defying historical and sociological research findings
These agitators are active in three areas in particular. Firstly, on the market for popular science books, where a number of writers are painting horrifying images of Islam and are marketing their theories as science despite the fact that they choose to ignore recent historical and sociological research findings.
Secondly, on the Internet, where providers of anti-Muslim hate-sites such as "Politically Incorrect", "The Islam File", or "The green plague" are making it their business to fight the supposed Islamicization of Europe.
Thirdly, at local level, where initiatives that are opposed to the construction of mosques and see every Muslim place of worship as a bridgehead of the Islamic conquest of Europe were founded.
Activists and bloggers on the Internet seek to justify their resentment with assertions made in popular science books and invite the authors of these works to events. In this way, a closely linked network of agitators has developed. This network is led by people who peddle in fear and also seek to benefit not only politically but also financially from the sale of books, website advertising banners, and items of propaganda.
Portraying Islam as a threat to humanity
These people see "Islam" as the greatest contemporary threat to humanity. They are a far cry from both reputable observers who criticise certain Muslim organisations, their platforms, or actions, and academics, social and educational experts, or interest groups who address clearly defined and empirically proven phenomena in the Muslim migrant community.
These so-called "critics of Islam" are much more interested in casting a general shadow of suspicion over Muslims and portraying Islam not only as the epitome of a violent ideology, but also as so anti-Semitic, misogynistic, homophobic, and anti-democratic that the integration of its followers into western societies can only be doomed to failure.
To view the actions of this group of people as an extreme reaction to the terrorist attacks of September 11 in 2001 or the murder of the Dutch film-maker Theo van Gogh in 2004 would be to underestimate the phenomenon. The roots of this Islamophobic propaganda go much deeper than that. It radicalizes the populist and extremist rhetoric of the 1980s and 1990s that sought to warn against a dreaded inundation of foreigners.
"The West – ruled by a foreign power…"
Back then, the agitators saw foreigners – asylum seekers in particular – irritating parasites and criminals. Today the declared fear is much greater: the core message couched in this propaganda is that Germans and Europeans are at risk of being "Islamicized", ruled by a foreign power that would all but destroy the West.
The rhetorical patterns are in line with extremist traditions. As illustrated by the political scientist Oliver Geden, right-wing populist propaganda feeds on a basic story, namely that a silent majority of the native population is exposed to two threats: firstly, the threat from outside posed by minorities, foreigners, or deviants, and secondly, the threat from inside posed by the domestic elite, "the politicians", who have turned their backs on the interests of the nation and have allied themselves with the minorities.
The wholesale criticism of Islam outlined above adheres to this very template. However, it is also driven by other motives, all of which are characteristic of the right-wing scene: xenophobia, the cultural decline scenario for which liberalism, "the generation of 1968", or the inundation of foreigners can be held responsible, and the populists' portrayal of themselves as breakers of taboos and fearless militants fighting a dictatorship of political correctness.
Calling religious freedom into question
In one aspect, however, Islamophobic propaganda often deviates from conventional rhetoric: these kinds of books often contain repeated references to Judaism and Israel that initially seem positive. Recently, for example, Udo Ulfkotte – a former editor at the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and an opponent of Islam – and his "Pax Europa" association sought to defend the "Judaeo-Christian culture of Europe".
Moreover, the "Wertheimer Appeal", which was drafted by anti-mosque activists in June 2007, uses the "Judaeo-Christian-Humanist tradition of Europe" to justify its demand to review the application to Islam of the principle of religious freedom that is anchored in the German constitution.
Combating the imminent Islamicization of the West
Both familiar and new themes can be found in a more condensed form in the works of writer Hans-Peter Raddatz, who is hailed in Islamophobic circles as an academic hero. Since 2001, Raddatz has published a series of popular science books in quick succession. These books bear titles like From God to Allah?, From Allah to terrorism, and Allah and the Jews. The Islamic Renaissance of Anti-Semitism.
Raddatz portrays himself as an expert and refers to himself as the "elder statesman of Orientalism". Under the supervision of Otto Spies and Annemarie Schimmel, he was indeed awarded a doctorate in Islamic Studies by the University of Bonn in 1967 for his work on a subject relating to early Islamic spiritual history.
He then switched from academia to business. In the second half of the 1990s, he appeared in the public eye as a writer in order to as he says himself combat the imminent Islamicization of the West.
Targeting the ultra-conservatives
Instead of addressing himself to experts, Raddatz searched for an environment in which ultra-conservatives could meet right-wing extremists without inhibitions. Between 1997 and 2001 he wrote articles for the right-wing weekly Junge Freiheit.
After September 11, he became an expert on Islam for the general public. Nevertheless, he held fast to his view of the world, which is coloured by the mind-set of the right wing. Such views include the anti-modernist grievance about lost identity, the belief in conspiracies, and the tendency to see all foes as absolute enemies.
In Allah and the Jews, for example, Raddatz barely disguises his call for radical measures. Writing about the expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain in the early seventeenth century – Muslims who in many cases were forced to convert to Christianity and be baptised – he says: "The Iberian expulsion was only necessary on this scale because those 'in charge' at the time had been too slow to take action. Today, all measures that seek to protect the people are completely blocked because they are considered 'populist' if not even racist. For this reason, the consequences will be much more drastic today than they were all those years ago in Spain."
A fourth feature of Raddatz's world view is also alarming, namely the reversal of perpetrator and victim roles in history. He considers the Germans to be the future victims of a genocide perpetrated by Muslims. The book Allah and the Jews ends with the following warning: "If the Germans for their part remain permanently incapable of liberating themselves from this tendency, there is no reason – with the exception of America's influence – why the fate of Israel, a victim nation, should not be extended to and completed in Europe, starting with Germany, the perpetrator nation."
The intention is to portray Islam as a genocidal religion and Muslims as the most significant enemies of the Jews both in the past and the present day. In this way, Raddatz and other "critics of Islam" are trying to cast a relatively soft light on the history of the persecution of Jews in Germany and Europe.
© Tagesspiegel / Qantara.de 2009
Peter Widmann is an academic assistant at the Centre for Research on Anti-Semitism in Berlin (ZfA). This text is based on an article that was published by Metropol-Verlag, Berlin, in the ZfA's Jahrbuch 17 (2008).
Translated from the German by Aingeal Flanagan | <urn:uuid:f8146653-9c8a-4fe7-b1ae-a1d9a8552eb2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://en.qantara.de/content/criticism-of-islam-in-germany-irrational-demonization | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00040-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963226 | 1,700 | 1.5625 | 2 |
I’m a big fan of Birch Bayh, now eighty-two years old, who was elected to the Senate in 1962 (defeating the absurd Homer Capehart) and lost his seat (to the almost as absurd Dan Quayle) in the 1980 Reagan landslide. Since I was President Carter’s speechwriter that year, I am partly to blame. I apologize.
I revere the elder Mr. Bayh because, among other virtues, he has always been attentive to the need to fix the flaws in our constitutional system, broadly understood. As chairman of the Judiciary Committee’s subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments, he shepherded the eighteen-year-old vote into the Constitution and tried his damnedest to do the same for the late lamented Equal Rights Amendment. Closest to my heart, he led more than one fight to eliminate the Electoral College. If it hadn’t been for the filibuster, he probably would have succeeded, too. In the new century he has cemented his Christlike status, in my eyes at any rate, by becoming one of the fathers of the National Popular Vote plan, which I have blogged and Commented your eyes off about.
Birch’s son Evan, elected to the Senate in 1998, has been a big exponent of “centrism,” that emptiest of political philosophies. His senatorial career has been notably less distinguished than his father’s. A month ago, without bothering to tell Harry Reid or his colleagues what he was about to do, he announced that he would not be running for a third term this fall. Now his seat will probably go to a conservative Republican.
I was therefore pleasantly surprised to read the interview he gave Ezra Klein the other day. He doesn’t attribute the Senate’s paralysis to excessive partisanship, liberal overreach, conservative intransigence, or insufficient reverence for the wisdom of the Framers. Instead, with some feeling, he argues that the biggest problems, the grossest perversities, are structural and systemic:
We’ve got good people trapped in a dysfunctional system. The vast majority of my colleagues are smart, hardworking and patriotic, but they’re not able to translate those good intentions into action nearly often enough . We dither to our peril because other countries, they’ve got challenges, but they’re moving forward. Some of our problems are just going to compound unaddressed, so our challenges will get worse while other nations are resolving theirs, and, at least on a relative basis, we risk the future. So this paralysis, while never great, is particularly harmful today. I think checks and balances are important, but we need to reform the system to make action more possible than it currently is.
He goes after the filibuster, he laments the horrors of campaign fundraising, and he goes after the Supreme Court for the Citizens United decision. If he keeps this up once he’s outside the senatorial tent, he might actually have an impact. Who knows, maybe, like his dad, he’ll even sign up to push having our Presidents elected by the American voting public rather than by weak-minded “independents” in “battleground states.” | <urn:uuid:956039b8-b8d4-41e0-be89-a88dd950c141> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newyorker.com/news/hendrik-hertzberg/a-chip-off-the-old-block-after-all | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00313-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968838 | 675 | 1.5 | 2 |
THE DANGERS OF RADON
Radon is a cancer-causing radioactive gas. You will never be able to see, smell or taste radon, but it may be a problem in your home. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States today. If you or someone your living with smokes and your home has high radon levels, the risk for developing lung cancer significantly increases and puts you at high risk.
Some scientific studies of radon exposure have shown that children may be more sensitive to radon. There are many factors that could go into this, but among the main reasons could be that a child’s respiration rate is higher and/or their cells are rapidly developing. Because of this, children can be more vulnerable to radiations damage. It is always a smart decision to have a radon test performed with your home inspections. This can help you determine whether or not your new home needs a radon mitigation system installed or not.
We only use EPA listed radon testing units. This gives you the peace of mind knowing that you will have a complete and thorough examination of your future home. In the vent you do need a mitigation system installed, we can point you in the right direction and help you receive 10% off the purchase of a Radon Mitigation System.
Facts to know about Radon:
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Surgeon General’s Office have estimated that as many as 20,000 lung cancer deaths are caused each year by radon.
- Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer.
- Radon-induced lung cancer costs the United States over $2 billion dollars per year in both direct and indirect health care costs. (Based on National Cancer Institute statistics of 14,400 annual radon lung cancer deaths – Oster, Colditz & Kelley, 1984)
- According to the US EPA, nearly 1 in 3 homes checked in seven states and on three Indian lands had screening levels over 4 pCi/L, the EPA’s recommended action level for radon exposure. | <urn:uuid:55a8edff-7b8f-4679-abd4-fc3ebfad2221> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mdahi.com/services/radon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.933416 | 437 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Illegal Refugee Health Care Benefits Go Under The Knife
http://www.torontosun.com/2012/04/24/re ... -the-knifeOTTAWA - Refugee claimants' access to what critics call gold-plated health care coverage will disappear by summer.
QMI Agency has learned Immigration Minister Jason Kenney will announce Wednesday that by late June, claimants will get federal coverage for emergency care and conditions that are a risk to public health.
Kenney's tough medicine for refugee claimants means they will no longer have eye, dental, or prescription drug expenses covered by taxpayers - benefits most Canadian citizens and permanent residents don't receive.
The changes follow a review Kenney launched in September, 2010 when QMI Agency questioned him about the level of benefits offered.
"This program, in my view, should be no more generous than is typically the case within provincial health care programs," said Kenney at the time.
But the new system seems to go even further than Kenney imagined in 2010, reducing benefits to the bare minimum until a refugee claimant has been accepted as genuinely needing Canada's protection.
Genuine refugees are accepted as permanent residents of Canada, who would then qualify for provincial health coverage.
Federal officials estimate Kenney's new prescription for refugee claimants' health benefits will save taxpayers about $100 million over five years.
The changes are expected to go into effect at about the same time as the Conservatives' major refugee reform bill is passed into law in late June.
One of the provisions of Bill C-31 - Protecting Canada’s Immigration System Act - is aimed at cutting the time to process refugee claims to within about seven months for regular claimants, or six weeks for those who come from a designated "safe" country.
Right now, refugee claimants wait almost three years -- collecting social assistance in many cases -- before their cases are processed.
On Tuesday, the NDP's Craig Scott called on MPs give the bill a rough ride in committee "and not back the government in what is ultimately repressive legislation.
This is very good news for the taxpayer, these people should not be getting healthcare especially when many Canadians cant get it yet pay taxes. Hopefully this will help to stop more refugees from coming in
Do you think that is a good idea or should the government go further?
stealth: "Classic Hitman response. A God amongst trolls"
pablonutribar: "Hehehe - you are a god amongst trolls."
king_george: "Keep up the good fight you awesome freeedom fighter you" | <urn:uuid:bf79e6b5-77cd-42ac-9239-ac62cb12f020> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://forums.redflagdeals.com/illegal-refugee-health-care-benefits-go-under-knife-1169009/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00343-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948501 | 525 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Importance of quantifying insulin secretion in relation to insulin sensitivity to accurately assess beta cell function in clinical studies
Bo Ahre´n and Giovanni Pacini1
Department of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden and 1Metabolic Unit, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Padua, Italy
(Correspondence should be addressed to B Ahre´n, Department of Medicine, B11 BMC, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; Email: [email protected])
Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are mutually related such that insulin resistance is compensated by increased insulin secretion. A correct judgement of insulin secretion therefore requires validation in relation to the insulin sensitivity in the same subject. Mathematical analyses of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion has revealed a hyperbolic function, such that the product of the two variables is constant. This product is usually called the disposition index. Several techniques may be used for its estimation such as data derived from the frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test, the oral glucose tolerance test or the glucose-dependent arginine stimulation test or the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in combination with a test on insulin secretion. Using these techniques the compensatory increase in beta cell function in insulin resistance has been verified in obesity, in pregnancy and after glucocorticoid administration as has the defective beta cell function as the underlying cause of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Similarly, combined analysis of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion has shown a downregulation of beta cell function in increased insulin sensitivity accompanying weight reduction in obesity and following exercise. Acknowledging this inverse relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity therefore requires estimation of both variables for correct assessment in any individual.
Source: European Journal of Endocrinology 150 97–104. | <urn:uuid:3009b544-0e65-4f51-85a8-d37b898c95a4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.biology-online.org/articles/abstract/importance_quantifying_insulin_secretion.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00276-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88787 | 358 | 2.03125 | 2 |
It is important to remember that not all dogs instinctively know how to swim and some are actually scared of or don’t like the water. Here are a few tips to help teach your dog how to swim, enjoy the water and most importantly to stay safe.
Tips to teach your dog to swim
- Introduce your dog to water when they are young. The earlier you get them comfortable with the water the better.
- Never force or pull your dog into the water, this is likely to scare them more. You can coax them by using their favourite toy or calling them in.
- Always keep them in close reach, especially when starting. When they are initially learning keeping them on a lead at first is the safest.
- Start with a small amount of shallow water. A wading pool or clam shell is a good starting point. Then you can gradually increase the water depth as the dog becomes more confident.
- Starting in a creek, dam, calm water beach or somewhere they are able to walk into the water can be less daunting than a swimming pool as they know they can touch the bottom.
- If swimming in a pool, ensure that your dog can safely get out. Sometimes a ramp like the Skamper Ramp are helpful and easier to use than stairs.
- Take your time teaching them to swim, doing it over several days if they are hesitant.
- The swimming action of paddling the feet generally comes naturally when a dog is in the water and can’t touch the bottom. Many dogs just need practice to perfect the motion. If they need help learning this you can hold the dog around their middle and balance on them against your body while gently moving their legs in a paddling movement.
- Remember, safety first when it comes to letting your dog swim. Always supervise them, never let them swim alone. Ensure that they are close enough to hear you and that you can reach them if needed. Make sure the water is safe, clean, free of debris and not in an area with a strong current. The vet-n-pet DIRECT Help Centre has a great article on Water Safety Tips For Dogs to remind everyone how to keep your dog safe around water.
- And remember, have fun!!
Until next time, | <urn:uuid:5061d280-c967-415e-b8d2-bce68887f4e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.vetnpetdirect.com.au/teach-your-dog-to-swim/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.962509 | 465 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Spent Fuel Storage Licensing
NRC approves spent fuel dry storage systems by evaluating each design for resistance to accident conditions such as floods, earthquakes, tornado missiles, and temperature extremes. The heat generated from the fuel assemblies stored in each cask is different for each design. The maximum heat generated by the fuel in the highest output temperature cask is approximately equal to 370 100-watt light bulbs. However, the temperature of the fuel in the casks is continuously decreasing over time.
Site-Specific and General Licenses
NRC authorizes storage of spent nuclear fuel at an independent spent fuel storage installation (ISFSI) under two licensing options: site-specific license and general license. See the map of Spent Fuel Storage Installations authorized to store dry spent fuel. Additionally, see the fact sheet on Dry Cask Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel.
Under a site-specific license, an applicant submits a license application to NRC and the NRC performs a technical review of all the safety aspects of the proposed ISFSI. If the application is approved, the NRC issues a license that is valid for up to 40 years. A spent fuel storage license contains technical requirements and operating conditions (fuel specifications, cask leak testing, surveillance, and other requirements) for the ISFSI and specifies what the licensee is authorized to store at the site. For more information, see the page on Licensing Process for ISFSIs.
A general license authorizes a nuclear power plant licensee to store spent fuel in NRC-approved casks at a site that is licensed to operate a power reactor under 10 CFR Part 50. Licensees are required to perform evaluations of their site to demonstrate that the site is adequate for storing spent fuel in dry casks. These evaluations must show that the cask Certificate of Compliance conditions and technical specifications can be met, including analysis of earthquake events and tornado missiles. The licensee must also review their security program, emergency plan, quality assurance program, training program and radiation protection program, and make any necessary changes to incorporate the ISFSI at its reactor site. For more information, see the page on General Licensing Considerations for ISFSIs.
An NRC-approved cask is one that has undergone a technical review of its safety aspects and been found to be adequate to store spent fuel at a site that has been evaluated by the licensee to meet all of the NRC's requirements in 10 CFR Part 72.
The NRC issues a Certificate of Compliance for a cask design to a cask vendor if the review of the design finds it technically adequate. The cask certificate is valid for up to 40 years from the date of issuance. See the Certification Process for Spent Fuel Storage Casks page for more information.
For current activities, see the high-value dataset, entitled Spent Fuel Storage: Estimated Schedules for Licensing Actions and Certificates of Compliance and the related data dictionary (both in Microsoft Excel format).
Although 10 CFR Part 170 and 10 CFR Part 171 govern the fees charged for licensing services rendered and their collection, see in particular 10 CFR 170.20, 170.21 and 170.31 , and 10 CFR 171.15, 171.16, and 171.17(a) and (b) that are directly applicable to fees for spent fuel storage licensees. For general information about fees, see our License Fees page.
To learn how stakeholders can participate in our licensing process, see Public Involvement in Licensing. | <urn:uuid:a30777d9-64b9-47bb-8f74-997930308be2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.nrc.gov/waste/spent-fuel-storage/licensing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912781 | 713 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Gazpromneft-Aero has starting refuelling Aeroflot’s regular flights in China and will supply the airline’s flights with aviation fuel at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport.
The volume of refueling will amount approximately to 20,000 tonnes of jet fuel per year.
Gazpromneft-Aero has already carried out “wing-tip” refueling of Russian and international airlines in 22 of the largest airports in China. The company operates in accordance with the agreement reached with the China National Aviation Fuel Group Corporation (CNAF) on network jet fuel supply.
The company said it has increased the volume of retail sales of jet fuel in China by 70% through CNAF’s infrastructure, which grew to 21,000 tonnes by the end of 2018.
Gazpromneft-Aero’s strategy is to further expand its international airport network, which will guarantee air carriers timely refueling and the highest level of service.
Chief executive officer, Vladimir Yegorov said: “The total volume of our international sales to Aeroflot reached more than 90,000 tonnes of jet fuel. We expect this new agreement with our strategic partner to double the volume of sales in China by the end of 2019.
“Gazpromneft-Aero sees great potential in the Asia-Pacific market, primarily in China, due to the growth of tourist flows between our countries. Thanks to our cooperation with CNAF, we have formed our largest international distribution network in China.
“We are looking forward to expanding our cooperation with airports in China and other Asia-Pacific countries, strengthening our foothold in the region and increasing the volume and geographic reach of our fueling operations.” | <urn:uuid:b7ce076c-e3de-460a-a822-327c6bba6db8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://airlinergs.com/gazpromneft-aero-begins-fuelling-aeroflots-flights-in-china/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.931539 | 364 | 1.5 | 2 |
Why field of psychology?
As noted above, is to study the psychology of human behavior and the human mind. This field gives you something that other judges can not give you the opportunity to learn why and how to change human behavior. Psychology is an opportunity. It 'also known as Science of Seoul. There are many sub-fields such as psychology, child psychology, industrial psychology, criminal psychology, sports psychology, and some emerging sectors, such as color psychology, psychology, communication, etc. in the various fields of psychology, no one the opportunity to learn at least one aspect of human behavior in depth. Another important aspect is the fact that psychology offers you the opportunity to help people in difficulty. If you come Advisor, you can advise people to manage stress, which can change their lives!
There are two types of degree programs in psychology online are offered online:
• Bachelor of Arts in Psychology - this course is for those who want to pursue psychology with an emphasis on social - aspects of the service area or those who wish to go to the master's degree in psychology.
• Bachelor of Science in Psychology - this course traces the business, and those interested in the psychological aspects of the company, such as human resources, management and leadership development and marketing, this course is for you.
How to Build your career with a degree in psychology online:
The principles of psychology are used in almost all areas of human resources and rehabilitation therapies for evidence of both education and business. Regardless of your chosen career, degree online from Penn State World Campus undergraduate degree in Psychology can help refine the analytical skills needed to understand the interpersonal interaction - and apply valuable technical problem resolution.
With a degree in psychology, you can get a graduate degree or you can apply their knowledge in areas such as:
• Social Work
• probation and corrections
• public relations
• human resources
• recreational therapy
• The benefits for a degree in Psychology
• The success in many jobs depends largely on you, the employee is able to understand, relate, and work, people. This degree in psychology, you can start with an average interest in people. After all, the understanding of human behavior was one of the main objectives of psychology for a long time. Psychology degree holder you know something about people and knows how to interact with them. These are qualities that employers value.
Colleges and universities offer online psychology degrees:
A variety of degree programs in psychology are available online these days. Bachelor's, master's and doctoral candidates in psychology will help to make their career in this field. Some universities and colleges offer a wide range of courses in psychology, and some institutions offer only a certain number of special courses. Some well-known research institutes and universities that offer programs in psychology online are:
• University of Phoenix
• Kaplan University
• Capella University
• Grand Canyon University
• Walden University
• Herald Abel School of Psychology
• Australian College of Applied Psychology
• American Intercontinental University
• University of Maryland
There are several degrees psychology degree online are also available, offered by many universities and colleges.
These courses focus on a wide range of topics in psychology, theories, mental disorders, human sexuality, social interactions, psychological and physiological causes of behavior in humans.
In modern times, the demand for qualified and trained psychologists is growing day by day and the area is an exception. Job prospects continue after these online psychology programs are huge and can get a lot of difference. This will make the world a better and more livable. | <urn:uuid:7bff8fd0-1031-4ba8-aaa3-d670493aa3a8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.creativeworld9.com/2011/11/know-about-online-psychology-degree-in.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00221-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938745 | 716 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Until now, it was possible to run the VirtualHub on a QNAP NAS, but only for the NAS servers using an ARM processor. Moreover, we didn't have a .qpkg file to make installation easier. We are putting this straight by providing you with a QNAP package to easily install the VirtualHub from the NAS web interface. This enables you to easily monitor the temperature of the room hosting your NAS using a simple Yocto-Temperature.
Let's imagine that your don't have an air-conditioned server room. Your NAS simply sits on a desk in the corner of an office. A live graph with the room temperature could be very handy to check that your NAS is going to survive the coming Summer. Thanks to this new package, you have a solution to do this without having to write a single line of code. You will be using:
Start by connecting a Yocto-Temperature directly on the NAS.
The Yocto-Temperature directly connected to the QNAP NAS USB port
Download the VirtualHub package corresponding to your QNAP from our web site. We provide two packages: one for NAS using an ARM processor and one for NAS using an Intel processor.
|ARM||VirtualHub.qnap_arm.XXX.zip||TS-421U / 420U
TS-x79 Pro Series
TS-x69 Pro Series
TS-x70 Pro Series
You then log into the QNAP web interface and access the APP Center to install the .pqkg file contained in the zip file that you just downloaded.
When done, the VirtualHub is installed on the machine and you can start it with the on/off button. You can directly access the VirtualHub web interface with the Start button or you can connect yourself to port 4444 of your NAS with a web browser.
The VirtualHub application installed on a QNAP NAS
Now that the VirtualHub is installed and the Yocto-Temperature connected, you only need to configure the HTTP callback for the VirtualHub to automatically post the temperature on Xively. To configure the the HTTP callback, open the VirtualHub configuration panel and edit the callback URL. The wizard asks you to provide the Feed ID and the API key of your Xively graph. When you have saved this data, your graph is automatically updated and you can consult it directly on Xively.
And here is the graph on Xively
Now that you have a live graph of the server room temperature, you can browse air-conditioner catalogs :-) | <urn:uuid:bc0749a2-08ef-4646-88b6-b9ccc5846769> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.yoctopuce.com/EN/article/tiny-pc/installing-the-virtualhub-on-a-qnap-nas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.814335 | 642 | 1.609375 | 2 |
In the recent initial public offer (IPO) of Life Insurance Corporation of India, investors were confounded by the term ‘grey market premium’. Investors understand what green and red stand for in a stock market. But, in the context of IPOs, there exists another colour which is grey. Let us understand the grey market and associated terms such as grey market premium, kostak rate, and how investors should deal with it.
What is a grey market?
We all have heard about the black market where no guarantee or warranty is available on the products sold. Thus, the concept of parallel markets emerged because of the price difference and the consumers’ willingness to buy from unauthorized/unrecognized sellers. The primary market is the place wherein new shares and securities are sold to the investors through an initial public offering / offer for sale, and upon completion of IPO/ OFS, the shares are then traded in the stock exchanges such as BSE and NSE. The stock exchanges are regulated by SEBI, ministry of corporate affairs, etc.
There exists a small time gap between IPO / OFS and actual listing and trading of shares in the stock exchanges. This is where the concept of grey market and its premium comes into picture. The grey market is an unofficial market where individuals trade in IPO shares or applications before the shares are officially listed for trading in the stock exchanges. This market as such is not a marketplace or office wherein the trading occurs, it simply happens based on mutual trust and through word of mouth, and it is reaffirmed with an informal chit of paper.
It is an unofficial over-the-counter market, there are no regulations around it and all the transactions are carried out in cash. There are no written rules and regulations. Basically, in this juncture the trading of yet-to-be-sold shares happens. The grey market is not illegal but unregulated, meaning they are not bound by the regulations and there is no framework put forward by the regulating bodies such as the SEBI, stock exchanges, broking houses, etc.
Nuances of grey market premium
In simple terms, it is the price of the shares which are traded in the grey market. For instance, let us assume that ABC Co. is coming out with an IPO and Mr. A does not want to miss the opportunity to buy these shares. So, he approaches a person / broker Mr. B who is expected to have a certain lot of shares in the retail category. They both agreed to a price which is an initial IPO price plus a certain premium. So, here both the parties profit in one way or another, wherein Mr. A gets the shares and Mr. B gets monetary gain. The premium is the function of investor sentiment.
As in the above example, Mr. A was so sure about the company and did not want to miss the opportunity, so he does not mind paying a higher price to buy the shares. By determining the investors’ interest, investment bankers, underwriters would be able to gauge the valuation of the share and price it accordingly. In the context of the grey market, investors come across another term known as the ‘kostak rate’. Here, a person with a demat account is not interested in any IPO offering/listing profits and simply sells the right to apply for an IPO itself at a fixed rate called the ‘kostak rate’.
Investors and grey market premium
Even though the IPO market may be profitable, investors could often use the grey market premium as one among the many metrics to be used before subscribing to an IPO. However, it is always better to keep away from the grey market as it is unregulated and hence prone to manipulation, and no legal remedy is available. Further, the size of this market is too small and does not necessarily reflect the actual conditions.
The writer is a professor of finance & accounting at IIM Tiruchirappalli. With inputs from A Paul Williams, research staff at IIM Tiruchirappalli | <urn:uuid:3547143a-3841-44b1-ae26-ac3cd978d807> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://assetmarketnews.com/your-money-grey-market-premium-a-message-for-an-ipo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.961681 | 824 | 1.726563 | 2 |
The Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum uses state-of-the-art exhibits and media to immerse visitors in the story of Texas. This building covers a whole city block and is within sight of the Texas State Capitol. It has become a “destination feature” of the Capitol Complex in Austin. The Texas Legislature directed the State Preservation Board (SPB) to oversee the design, construction and governance of The Texas State History Museum (later named for the late House Speaker Bob Bullock).
The project team was committed to making the Museum an economically viable, dynamic educational institution which will engage visitors in the exciting and unique history of Texas through various forms of media, interactive displays and immersion experiences, as well as traditional exhibits. The Museum’s facilities, exhibits and programs were designed to attract and serve a diverse audience that includes local and out-of-town visitors and tourists, including local educational institutions, family groups and touring school groups.
The main lobby is 8,000sf, expansive and spacious enough for receptions and special events. It is designed around the centerpiece of the Museum, a five-story open rotunda with an impressive dome and skylight. There is a spiral grand stairway from level one to level three, and the view from anywhere on the stairway or the open rail on level four includes a custom map of Texas and a campfire scene, all cast in colored terrazzo flooring below. The building is a 180,000sf four-story steel structure with pink granite exterior cladding and copper roof similar to the Texas State Capitol. The Museum features a 400-seat IMAX Theater; a 200-seat storytelling theater; 34,000sf of permanent exhibit space; 7,000sf of temporary exhibit space; 18,000sf of future exhibit space which will be finished out as needed; a 3,000sf Museum Store; 200-seat indoor/outdoor Café; and educational classrooms. The top floor contains the Museum administrative offices and the SPB administrative offices and boardroom.
Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum
1800 Congress Avenue Austin, TX | <urn:uuid:857d0acc-fb3b-42d4-8df5-f3e60a0a2b96> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://structuretone.com/bob-bullock-texas-state-history-museum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938651 | 428 | 2.0625 | 2 |
According to the theory of evolution, gas molecules such as water vapor, hydrogen, methane and ammonia that represented the atmosphere on the primordial world were combined out by ultraviolet rays from the Sun, electricity from lightning, radiation from radioactive rocks and thermal energy from volcanoes. According to this non scientific scenario, the atoms that then emerged in new sequences combined together and produced the building blocks that would form the first cell.
These compounds were later transported to lakes and seas by rain. Organic compounds thus combined together and the waters of the Earth gradually grew richer in terms of these substances. The amino acids and other organic substances in this mixture then combined to produce proteins, carbohydrate chains and other increasingly complex organic substances. Because of their tendency to grow, the first large bodies that developed tried to absorb new molecules from around them. Thus bodies with more complex structures and organization, and capable of growing and multiplying, gradually emerged.
Although there is no consensus among evolutionists at this point, according to what most of them maintain, nucleic acids that also came into being outside, by chance, settled inside these bodies, known as coacervates. And when the coacervates' organizational level had risen sufficiently, they turned into the first living cells.
In the above scenario, evolutionists admit of no conscious intervention in the formation of life from inanimate substances, and claim that everything happened as the result of blind coincidences. They point to the Miller experiment as the first step in the chance emergence of life from inorganic materials. Today, however, it is recognized that the Miller experiment's assumptions regarding the chemical make-up of the early atmosphere were incorrect, and Miller himself admitted as much. Despite all evolutionist efforts, it is clear that the theory of evolution has no scientific support, neither on the molecular level nor in any other area.
Dr. Stephen C. Meyer, from Cambridge University, says that no credibility can be attached to any explanations of the origin of life that are based on chance:
While many outside origin-of-life biology may still invoke "chance" as a causal explanation for the origin of biological information, few serious researchers still do. Since molecular biologists began to appreciate the sequence specificity of proteins and nucleic acids in the 1950s and '60s, many calculations have been made to determine the probability of formulating functional proteins and nucleic acids at random. Even assuming extremely favorable prebiotic conditions (whether realistic or not) and theoretically maximal reaction rates, such calculations have invariably shown that the probability of obtaining functionally sequenced biomacromolecules at random is, in Prigogine's words, "vanishingly small . . . even on the scale of . . . billions of years.53
Thus the theory of evolution, which seeks to account for the origin of life in terms of chance, collapses at the very outset. Science clearly reveals that since chance cannot represent the origin of life, life must have been flawlessly created. Not only the first life form, but all the different life forms on Earth have been created separately. Indeed, the fossil record confirms this, showing that all the life forms on Earth emerged suddenly and with their own particular characteristics, and that they never underwent evolution.
Comparisons carried out at the molecular level show that living things did not evolve from one another, but were created independently. A great many other scientific facts besides the fossil record, the complex structures and systems in living things, and the lack of any evolutionary mechanism have in any case long since demolished the theory of evolution's claims.53. William A. Dembski, James M. Kushiner, Signs of Intelligence, Brazoss Press, ABD, 2001, p 109. 2009-08-15 17:44:15 | <urn:uuid:e8f8e442-6074-4996-adf8-cb1377f3638d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.evolutiondeceit.com/en/Evolution-Dictionary/16476/Molecular-Evolution-Impasse-The | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00118-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955797 | 758 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Polish Pagans Hold Congress
Scott Simpson, co-editor of Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe, is quoted in an article on Polish Paganism in a June 18, 2013 article in Rzeczpospolita, one of Poland’s largest daily newspapers.
He offers this translation:
Polish Pagans Combine Their Strength
At their first congress in years, the followers of the old beliefs will try to overcome their theological differences.
Making harvest offerings to the gods, jumping through bonfires and releasing wreathes [into running water] — that’s how Rodzimowiercy, the followers of the old Pagan beliefs, will celebrate Kupala [Summer Solstice]. Poland’s largest celebration in a chram, the temple at Pruszkow in Mazowia, will begin on Thursday. The culmination falls on the shortest night of the year — from 21 to 22 June.
Pre-Christian beliefs started to return in the 1980s, and the Pagans say that the followers of their religion is growing. In August, in Łódz the first National Convention of Rodzimowierczy will be held. “From the point of view of this milieu, this is a breakthrough,” Scott Simpson, a scholar of religion from the Jagiellonian University tells Rzeczpospolita.
Polish Pagans celebrate six major holidays, most of them related to dates marking changes in the length of the day. On the spring equinox they celebrate Jare Gody, Dozynki [harvest] marks the beginning of autumn, and Swięto Godów – the beginning of winter. Added to this Dziady [Forefathers’ Eve], in memory of the dead, which is celebrated twice, in spring and autumn.
The most important role, however, is played by Święto Kupaly [Midsummer Night]. Pagan rites will be celebrated, among others in Warsaw, Szczecin, Wrocław, Opole, Poznan, Łódż and Sopot.
Ratomir Wilkowski, who is a żerca, that is, a Slavic priest of the Native Polish Church tells Rzeczpospolita that the biggest celebration near Pruszkow expects some [missing number] participants. “A similar turnout came last year. However, more and more people are asking about the celebration,” he adds.
How many Rodzimowierców are there in Poland? Scott Simpson says that there are around two thousand committed followers.”But there is a much broader periphery of supporters. I think that the number is growing, although not as rapidly as it was in the 90s,’”he says.
However, recently the Pagans have done much to integrate their movement.
They have managed to reactivate the Gniazdo periodical dedicated to their religion. The next step will be to organize the Congress for several communities in Łódż. One of the speakers will be author Witold Jablonski, who recently published a novel [Słowo i Miecz] about the Pagan uprising in the eleventh century in Poland.
In the registry of the Ministry of Administration and Digitization there are currently four religious Rodzimowiersto organisations: the Polish Slavic Church, Native Faith, Slavic Faith and the Native Polish Church. They try to find the principles of the faith of their ancestors in historical sources. They believe in the gods, who are identified with the forces of nature. Mother Earth is Mokosh, the Sky — Swiatowid, the Sun — Svarog, and Lightning — Perun.
However, there have arisen theological differences between the adherents. “Some Rodzimowiercy claim that their religion can be combined with other faiths. I think that is unacceptable. I am counting on the congress helping to dispel theological doubts,” says Stanislaw Potrzebowski of Native Faith.
Why are Poles going back to pre-Christian beliefs? Religious Studies Professor Zbigniew Pasek argues that the reason is the desire to seek alternatives to the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. “For these people, it is not credible today. The claim that we Slavs will never regain our identity if we do not go back to our roots, rejecting foreign gods, falls on fertile ground,” he explains.
The scholar adds that many people get involved in the Neopagan movement, because they are drawn to participation in the reconstruction [re-enactment] of history. Ratomir Wilkowski argues that his faith is authentic.
“We’re not a bunch of lunatics running around half-naked in the woods. If we did not believe in it we would not create religious organisations,” he assures.
To which he adds, “Again, the journalist (relatively harmlessly) made my vague hedging answer into something short and punchy that I didn’t really say. ” So it goes! | <urn:uuid:023b4cde-fd16-4726-a4c0-49c446147375> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.chasclifton.com/?p=5710 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00042-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939658 | 1,083 | 2.546875 | 3 |
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