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New materials for a sustainable future you should know about the molybdenum disulfide coating.
Historically, knowledge and the production of new materials molybdenum disulfide coating have contributed to human and social progress, from the refining of copper and iron to the manufacture of semiconductors on which our information society depends today. However, many materials and their preparation methods have caused the environmental problems we face.
About 90 billion tons of raw materials -- mainly metals, minerals, fossil matter and biomass -- are extracted each year to produce raw materials. That number is expected to double between now and 2050. Most of the molybdenum disulfide coating raw materials extracted are in the form of non-renewable substances, placing a heavy burden on the environment, society and climate. The molybdenum disulfide coating materials production accounts for about 25 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, and metal smelting consumes about 8 percent of the energy generated by humans.
The molybdenum disulfide coating industry has a strong research environment in electronic and photonic materials, energy materials, glass, hard materials, composites, light metals, polymers and biopolymers, porous materials and specialty steels. Hard materials (metals) and specialty steels now account for more than half of Swedish materials sales (excluding forest products), while glass and energy materials are the strongest growth areas.
Borophenes made easy and the product name of new material is widely used
Synthetic organic chemists are still working to understand the synthesis of simple, two-dimensional materials that can be expanded beyond graphene. In a new report, Mark G. Cuxart and a team of researchers in physical, chemical and electrical and computer engineering in France and Germany introduce a general chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for growing borophenes and Borophene heterostructures by selective use of eborane from boracizine tracable byproducts. The team successfully synthesized metallic borane polyforms on iridium (IR) (III) and copper (Cu) (III) single crystal substrates and insulated them with hexagonal boron nitrode (hBN) to form atomically accurate borane-HBN side interfaces. This structure protects borobenzene from immediate oxidation because of the presence of a single insulating hBN layer. This direct method and ability to synthesize high-quality borobenzene with large single crystal domains by chemical vapor deposition provides a series of opportunities to study its fundamental properties.
The ability to synthesize 2D materials without naturally occurring layered analogues opens a new path for performance engineering based on the selection of constituent elements and the design of in-plane atomic structures. The simple layers of different two-dimensional synthetic materials are stabilized by strong covalent bonds. Borobenes provide interesting anisotropy, electronic and mechanical properties to generate control over performance and new functions. These results prompted experimental efforts to synthesize stable two-dimensional boron crystals, borobenzene. In 2015, researchers synthesized atom-thin borobenzene using physical vapor deposition, in which highly pure solid-derived boron was deposited on the surface of a silver single crystal in ultra-high vacuum. The scientists then applied the method to different surfaces, but the lack of suitable boron precursors to facilitate two-dimensional nucleation and growth was a major obstacle to the production of atom-thin borobenzene. In this work, Cuxart et al. found diborane (B2H6) in commercial borazine, based on previous studies. Using diboranes as molecular precursors for high-quality growth of atom-thin borane layers, they developed a simple and modulated CVD pathway to form unprecedented vertical and transverse heterostructures. This work opens a new way to study the properties of boranes in van der Waals heterostructures and devices.
In the study, Cuxart et al. applied diborane to a preheated, atomically clean, flat surface after selective filtration from borazine through a freeze-thaw cycle through the precursor dosing system. During borazine synthesis, aminoboranes form the main intermediate as the source of diboranes. The team attributes the presence and constant recombination of diboranes to the continued decay of trace impurities inherent or acquired in commercial borazine precursors, which are widely used in hBN monolayer synthesis. The scientists then characterized the resulting material using cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The STM image shows a "wavy" pattern of diborane addition to iridium. To develop borobenzene in this way, Cuxart et al. introduced a general method of chemical vapor deposition. XPS characterization showed that borobenzene polycrystals grown by chemical vapor deposition confirmed the presence of boron and the absence of nitrogen. The team studied the composite growth of borobenzene and monolayer hBN as a multifunctional, insulating two-dimensional material.
New materials including the molybdenum disulfide coating market trend is one of the main directions of science and technology development in the 21st century
With the development of science and technology, people develop new materials molybdenum disulfide coating on the basis of traditional materials and according to the research results of modern science and technology. New materials are divided into metal materials, inorganic non-metal materials (such as ceramics, gallium arsenide semiconductor, etc.), organic polymer materials, advanced composite materials. According to the molybdenum disulfide coating material properties, it is divided into structural materials and functional materials. Structural materials mainly use mechanical and physical and chemical properties of materials to meet the performance requirements of high strength, high stiffness, high hardness, high-temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance and so on; Functional materials mainly use the electrical, magnetic, acoustic, photo thermal and other effects of materials to achieve certain functions, such as semiconductor materials, magnetic materials, photosensitive materials, thermal sensitive materials, stealth materials and nuclear materials for atomic and hydrogen bombs.
One of the main directions of molybdenum disulfide coating science and technology development in the 21st century is the research and application of new materials. The research of new materials is a further advance in the understanding and application of material properties.
About TRUNNANO- Advanced new materials Nanomaterials molybdenum disulfide coating supplier
Headquartered in China, TRUNNANO is one of the leading manufacturers in the world of
nanotechnology development and applications. Including high purity molybdenum disulfide coating, the company has successfully developed a series of nanomaterials with high purity and complete functions, such as:
Amorphous Boron Powder
Nano Silicon Powder
High Purity Graphite Powder
Spherical Al2O3 Powder
Spherical Quartz Powder
and so on.
For more information about TRUNNANO or looking for high purity new materials molybdenum disulfide coating, please visit the company website: nanotrun.com.
Or send an email to us: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:19cca712-b82b-464e-907a-eb2479db30b8> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.wgraj.net/Answers/Borophenes-made-easy-and-the-molybdenum-disulfide-coating-of-new-material-is-widely-used.html | 2024-10-12T15:19:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944254157.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20241012143722-20241012173722-00725.warc.gz | en | 0.87477 | 1,555 | 3.390625 | 3 |
2nd Grade Social Studies Landforms Review
Answer the questions correctly to add band members.
Cotton, Cattle, and Railroad Crossword
The Texas economy after the Civil war
Five Themes of Geography
5 Themes of Geography
Population: Birth Rate and Death Rate
Test your skills on reasons for high and low birth rate!
Great Lakes and Oceans
Name The Great Lakes And Oceans
European Explorers Trivia
This game has trivia about the European Explorers
Features of the Earth Vocabulary
This crossword puzzle is for review of physical features of the Earth that are to be taught and learned according to the 2nd Grade Tennessee Social Studies Standards.
AP Hug Unit 1 Review Crossword
Use this crossword game to review the key terms and concepts for Unit 1: Thinking Geograpically
Spanje: land in Europa
Human Geography Game
Let´s practice with this game. | <urn:uuid:c6ee9246-798b-475a-ac1e-b4a80ffe6509> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.wisc-online.com/arcade/games/social-science/geography?gameTypes=CROSSWORD_FLASHCARDS_HAVEUHERD | 2024-10-12T16:03:06Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944254157.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20241012143722-20241012173722-00725.warc.gz | en | 0.881795 | 192 | 3.28125 | 3 |
The rates of black lung disease among coal miners in the central Appalachia states in the US are now at their highest levels in a quarter century, according to a new report by government researchers.
More than one in five miners with more than 25 years experience live with the fatal and incurable condition known officially as coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), which is caused by irreparable damage to the lungs through long-term exposure to coal dust. The deadly disease continues to ruin more lives in West Virginia, Kentucky and Virginia.
Because black lung develops over time and can take years before victims begin to exhibit symptoms, the researchers warn that their findings actually underestimate the true extent of the disease among active miners. “What you see now in active miners is what you’ll see later in former miners, and potentially greater disease and more progression,” coauthor Cara Halldin told National Public Radio (NPR). “And so, this is probably an underestimate of what we’ll see in the future.” The authors did not mince words in their report, commenting that “[w]e can think of no other industry or workplace in the United States in which this [level of workplace-caused illness] would be considered acceptable.”
Until the late 1990s, black lung disease had fallen by more than 90 percent over the course of nearly three decades, after a series of miners’ strikes and mass protests forced the passage of 1969 federal legislation and later regulations recognizing black lung as an occupational illness and limiting exposure to coal dust. Since the late 1990s, however, the disease has made a rapid and dramatic comeback.
Earlier this year, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) announced that it had identified the largest cluster of patients diagnosed with black lung ever recorded, with 416 cases diagnosed at three clinics between 2013 and 2017. A social worker told NPR that they now see as many cases in two weeks as they used to see in a year, and that they have had 154 new cases since the end of the government’s study.
The growing number of black lung cases is all the more remarkable given the steep decline in the number of active miners in the region, as decades of mine closures have left the total workforce at a small fraction of its postwar height of nearly 500,000.
The previous decline in rates of black lung was the product of significant, protracted struggles by coal miners for access to healthcare and safer working conditions over the course of many decades. A three-week wildcat strike in February 1969 forced the passage of the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act, the first federal legislation on black lung. The law enforced limits on exposure to coal dust, created a compensation program for miners with black lung, and created a voluntary x-ray monitoring program to help track the prevalence of the disease.
Federal regulations, however, were always inadequate to completely eradicate black lung and sick miners were often put through tests aimed at denying them benefits. Mass protests organized by retirees and widows erupted in the early 1970s, culminating in the 111-day strike in 1977-78 where miners defied both the United Mine Workers leadership and the back-to-work order by President Jimmy Carter.
After his election in 1982, UMW President Richard Trumka sabotaged one struggle after another. In place of the nationwide strikes, which had been common in earlier times, Trumka introduced the disastrous “selective strike” policy, isolating miners at individual mines and ensuring their defeat. The union also did nothing to defend militant miners who were framed up and jailed or even murdered by company thugs.
The cozy relationship between the UMW and the coal bosses was exemplified by its endorsement of billionaire coal magnate Jim Justice for governor of West Virginia. Both Trumka, now the president of the AFL-CIO, and the UMW under current president Cecil Roberts have endorsed Trump’s trade war policies, under the bogus pretext that they will protect “American” jobs. Trump’s Commerce Secretary, billionaire investor Wilbur Ross, was the owner of the Sago Mine in 2006, when an explosion resulted in the deaths of 12 miners.
Since the 1990s, recommendations from NIOSH to cut maximum coal dust exposure limits in half have been simply ignored. Moreover, existing limits on exposure have often been flouted. Earlier this month, federal prosecutors indicted executives from Armstrong Energy in western Kentucky for falsifying coal dust samples in its reporting to the federal government.
Later this year, a 55 percent reduction in production taxes on coal operators, which funds the federal Black Lung Benefits Program is scheduled to go into effect. The Government Accountability Office estimates that as a result of the tax cuts, the fund, which is already $4 billion in debt, will see this deficit quadruple over the next thirty years.
Kentucky lawmakers have recently passed legislation that will ban pulmonologists who are federally certified to read black lung x-rays from working in state workers’ compensation claims. The new state requirements leaves only 7 pulmonologists in the entire state who will be allowed to work on these claims. Most of these have previously done work on behalf of the coal and insurance companies, numerous media outlets have reported.
The resurgence of black lung disease is only the most dramatic expression of the dramatic reversals in living standards in the Appalachian coalfields. Decades of mine closures and the destruction of what had been one of the only decent-paying jobs in one of the poorest regions of the country has created a massive social crisis. Appalachia is one of the centers of the opioid epidemic and has the second-lowest life expectancy in the country.
There are growing signs, however, that the period in which the UMW and other unions could suppress the class struggle is coming to an end. It is significant that the mining areas of southern West Virginia, which have been hardest hit by the resurgence of black lung, were also the centers of the West Virginia teachers’ strike earlier this year, where a central demand was full funding for the public employee healthcare program. | <urn:uuid:9686a0ee-ce9e-4684-a679-cb965d57d6df> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2018/07/23/blac-j23.html | 2024-10-12T16:28:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944254157.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20241012143722-20241012173722-00725.warc.gz | en | 0.969871 | 1,246 | 3.28125 | 3 |
The United States, where most of our ingredients are sourced, has accepted and embraced the use of bioengineering. Bioengineering is a way of cultivating seeds for heartier plant-life when growing food. As the world’s population gets bigger, food producers are working to increase their crops while reducing wasted food from drought, pests and transportation. Bioengineering helps with all of that. This method of farming has been around for more than 30 years and is currently in use worldwide for its success in contributing to both environmental issues and food safety.
For more information about bioengineered foods, check out the USDA’s website. | <urn:uuid:41ae2335-537b-4cd7-8267-e4060e731f26> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.yelloh.com/customer-service/faq-answer?id=3490 | 2024-10-12T15:38:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944254157.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20241012143722-20241012173722-00725.warc.gz | en | 0.962712 | 127 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Bergson, Creative Evolution
Henri Bergson (1859-1941) was a French philosopher and Nobel Prize winner in Literature, whose third major work, “Creative Evolution”, provided an alternate explanation for Darwin’s mechanism of evolution. The book focuses on four key steps: that there must be a vital impulse which explains the creation of all living things; that there must also be an impulse accounting for diversity and differentiation; that these tendencies can be defined as instinct and intelligence; and that intuition allows us to place ourselves back in the original vital impulse. Bergson addresses concepts of time, human intelligence and intuition, all of which illustrate his ideas on the meaning of life. The book was very popular in the first half of the 20th Century, and held a significant influence on modernist writers. Today, we read Bergson’s work because of its profound contribution to the philosophical discussion of evolution. | <urn:uuid:6effe434-dbe3-4aef-b662-3a1456e1e4f4> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://xenotheka.delbeke.arch.ethz.ch/bergson-creative-evolution/ | 2024-10-12T15:50:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944254157.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20241012143722-20241012173722-00725.warc.gz | en | 0.947042 | 189 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Nominated World Heritage Site facing development threats [Archives:2008/1129/Last Page]
The uniqueness of Socotra's avifauna is also impressive with at least eight endemic species. Additionally, 12 species occur that are classified as threatened and 24 occur in internationally significant numbers. The islands' population of the Endangered Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus is in excess of 1,000 individuals, probably the highest concentration in the world.
The archipelago is also of international importance for its breeding seabirds. Ten species breed, two species of which (Jouanin's Petrel Bulweria fallax and Socotra Cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis) are classified as globally threatened. All this makes these islands globally important for birds.
In view of this amazing richness in biodiversity Socotra has been nominated for the prestigious accolade of a World Heritage Site.
“We are so proud that our wonderful island of Socotra has been nominated as a World Heritage Site because of its unique biodiversity”, says Abdul-Rahman Al-Eryani, Yemen's Minister of Water and Environment. The Minister was also excited by Socotra's Detwah Lagoon becoming Yemen's first Ramsar site following the country's recent accession to the Ramsar Convention.
However, sensitive and ecologically important areas of Socotra are currently threatened by uncontrolled development, in particular the proposal to construct a new road system. The scale and construction of many new roads is inappropriate, given the sensitive nature of the Socotran ecosystem.
If these roads are built they will seriously impact on the island's wildlife and especially its unique plants and birds. Nineteen bird species of conservation concern could be affected because of the likely destruction of their breeding habitat and nest sites. These include Jouanin's Petrel, Island Cisticola Cisticola haesitatus, Socotra Warbler Incana incana, Socotra Starling Onychognathus frater, Socotra Sunbird Nectarinia balfouri, Golden-winged Grosbeak Rhynchostruthus socotranus and Socotra Bunting Emberiza socotrana.
“It is essential that this proposed road building programme is examined carefully by the Yemen Government before it seriously affects Socotra's fragile and internationally renowned environment”, says Richard Porter, one of the authors of a report on the roads recently sent to the President of Yemen by BirdLife International and the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
“The people of Socotra certainly need some essential roads. However they also need to preserve their unique enviroment, as it is certainly their most important economic asset. A sound balance between development and biodiversity conservation is therefore critical for the appropriate development of the island”, said Malek Abdulaziz, Programme Manager for the Socotra Conservation and Development Programme.
BirdLife is calling on the government of Yemen to build only essential roads that are beneficial for local communiteies, in a way that is sensitive to the environment. In addition, the cost saving would be enormous, allowing much needed small-scale local development, and there would not be the serious impact on wildlife and the island's increasingly important eco-tourism.
“It would be a global tragedy if this programme were to affect Socotra's chances of becoming a World Heritage Site”, says Porter. | <urn:uuid:9edb42e3-1127-45ea-8a45-ace3feca4006> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://yementimes.com/nominated-world-heritage-site-facing-development-threats-archives2008-1129-last-page/ | 2024-10-12T16:50:36Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944254157.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20241012143722-20241012173722-00725.warc.gz | en | 0.934277 | 719 | 3.171875 | 3 |
In emergency medical services, the first and foremost objective of all operations is quick response time. The reason for this is a term known as the ‘Golden hour’ which is essentially the amount of time within which a casualty must receive emergency medical attention to maximize their odds of survival. Any delays would only serve to deteriorate the victim’s condition to a point that severely hampers their prospects for making a full recovery.
Over the last few years, both private companies like ZHL and government bodies, at national, state, and local levels have contributed immense amounts of time, money, and resources to improving patient survivability, with noticeable success. Following the precedent set by other developed nations, ZHL has unveiled vehicles capable of conducting effective lifesaving procedures en route to permanent facilities making them highly suitable for congested urban areas or remote villages. That being said, rural India continues to remain on the back-foot when it comes to emergency response times, despite all efforts, owing to the sheer size of the country, difficult terrain, dispersed population, and poor infrastructure.
While fast ambulances capable of carrying out advanced medical procedures, and a strong healthcare infrastructure that results in an abundance of hospitals are of course huge advantages to patient survivability, the most important factor is immediate action by first respondents. A first respondent is anyone who witnesses an accident/incident that warrants an emergency intervention and takes immediate action to aid the victim/casualty. The first and most important step for a first responder to take is to contact the emergency services i.e. police, fire brigade, and paramedics immediately before attempting to take any action.
In high-stress situations, it is difficult for an untrained individual to think rationally and clearly, or recall information on command. For this reason, it is important for everyone to memorize the number of emergency services well in advance. For example, ‘108’ is a toll-free number for medical emergencies such as critical care, trauma, and accident cases, while ‘102’, as part of the Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram scheme, is available exclusively to pregnant women in the state of Odisha. Units that respond to the number ‘1298’ are specifically trained to administer ‘First Aid’ Advanced and Basic Life Support techniques and other pre-hospital care to stabilize patients.
Times of adversity can bring out our greatest fears and push us to limits we never asked for, but being strong, staying calm, and doing our duty as citizens by calling the appropriate authorities in a timely manner, can save countless lives each year. The future is uncertain, and calamity can strike at any time, the only defense against it all is to be prepared. | <urn:uuid:41649bd8-ef9d-4309-959c-37a07bd0e8b3> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://zhl.org.in/blog/importance-making-every-second-count-emergency/ | 2024-10-12T15:53:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944254157.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20241012143722-20241012173722-00725.warc.gz | en | 0.954689 | 560 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Upward Bound is a federally funded educational support program that seeks to assist low-income or first-generation college students in preparing for postsecondary education. This program typically provides tutoring, academic counseling, financial aid guidance, and college preparation services. The goal of Upward Bound is to increase the rate at which participants successfully complete secondary education, enroll in and graduate from postsecondary institutions.
- Upward Bound is a federally funded TRIO program that provides academic support, college preparation, and educational resources to low-income, first-generation college students, and those with disabilities.
- It offers services such as tutoring, counseling, workshops, and summer programs to help participants succeed in high school and prepare for college admission and success.
- Upward Bound also provides assistance with college searches, applications, and financial aid processes, ensuring that participants have equal access and opportunities for higher education.
The term “Upward Bound” is important in the context of VA benefits, as it refers to a unique educational program designed to serve low-income individuals, first-generation college students, and military veterans preparing to enter postsecondary education.
By offering a range of services, such as tutoring, counseling, mentoring, and financial guidance, Upward Bound equips eligible participants with essential academic skills and support, boosting their chances of successfully enrolling in and completing higher education.
The program serves as a vital tool for veterans, empowering them to make a smooth transition from military life to the academic world, ultimately enhancing their career prospects and personal development.
The Upward Bound program is designed to serve as a stepping stone for veterans and other eligible individuals in need of educational assistance, offering a transformative experience that opens up new doors and opportunities for success. The primary purpose of the program is to provide guidance, support, and resources for individuals who are seeking to enter or re-enter postsecondary education, particularly those from low-income households or who are potential first-generation college students.
By focusing on the academic, as well as socio-economic and cultural backgrounds of its participants, Upward Bound seeks to empower those facing barriers to higher education and contribute to their long-term personal and professional growth. As a comprehensive and tailored system, the Upward Bound program delivers a wide range of support measures to help participants achieve their educational and career aspirations.
These services include individualized tutoring and advising, assistance with the college application process, financial aid workshops, career exploration, and academic enrichment activities. Furthermore, summer programs held on college campuses offer students a first-hand, immersive college experience designed to ease the transition into higher education.
By fostering a supportive and encouraging environment, the Upward Bound program inspires a sense of self-confidence, determination, and resilience among its participants, ultimately equipping them with the critical skills and mindset necessary to thrive in their academic pursuits and careers.
Examples of Upward Bound
The Upward Bound program, part of the U.S. Department of Education’s TRIO programs, is designed to help low-income, first-generation college students and military veterans prepare for and succeed in post-secondary education. Here are three real-world examples involving the Upward Bound program targeting veterans:
Veterans Upward Bound Program at University of Arkansas, Little Rock: This Upward Bound program offers a variety of services including academic instruction, personal advising, career counseling, and financial aid assistance. Their focus is on assisting veterans to develop the academic skills and confidence necessary to enroll and succeed in post-secondary education.
Veterans Upward Bound at University of Pennsylvania: The Upward Bound program at the University of Pennsylvania provides a number of academic support services to veterans, such as tutoring in subjects like mathematics, science, and English, as well as assistance with study skills, time management, and goal-setting. Additionally, the program offers workshops on college admissions, financial aid, and other essential topics related to college success.
Project SOAR (Student Outreach, Access, and Resiliency) Veterans Upward Bound at the University of Hawaii: This program offers academic and personal support services to eligible veterans in Hawaii to help them successfully transition to post-secondary education. These services include academic needs assessment, individualized learning plans, college enrollment assistance, and financial aid guidance. The program also provides participants with tutoring and academic instruction in core subjects, as well as skill-building workshops and personal development activities.
Upward Bound FAQ
What is the Upward Bound Program?
The Upward Bound Program is a federally funded initiative that aims to provide valuable resources and assistance for low-income high school students in their pursuit of higher education. Through academic support, guidance, and opportunities, Upward Bound helps students prepare for college and achieve success in their postsecondary education.
Who is eligible to participate in the Upward Bound Program?
Upward Bound is designed to support high school students from low-income families and potential first-generation college students. Eligible participants must demonstrate academic potential and a strong desire to attend college. Students typically apply to Upward Bound in their freshman or sophomore years of high school.
What services does Upward Bound provide?
Upward Bound participants receive various services, including academic tutoring, mentoring, financial guidance, college visits, and test preparation. Additionally, Upward Bound may offer specialized career or subject-focused programs that align with participants’ interests and goals. These services aim to equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in college.
Does participating in Upward Bound guarantee college admission?
While participation in Upward Bound can significantly increase a student’s chances of college admission, it does not guarantee a spot in any particular college or program. Upward Bound is intended to provide resources, guidance, and support, but students must still meet college admission requirements independently and complete the necessary application processes.
Is there a cost to participate in Upward Bound?
Upward Bound is a federally funded program, and its services are provided free of charge to eligible participants. Some activities or events may require small participant fees, but students should not be deterred by cost; financial assistance may be available for those in need.
Related VA Benefit Terms
- Educational Opportunity Centers
- Post-9/11 GI Bill
- Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment
- VA Work-Study Allowance Program
- Survivors’ and Dependents’ Educational Assistance Program
Sources for More Information
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: https://www.va.gov/
- Veterans Benefits Administration: https://www.benefits.va.gov/
- Military.com: https://www.military.com/
- Vets.gov: https://www.vets.gov/
With expertise spanning local, state, and federal benefit programs, our team is dedicated to guiding individuals towards the perfect program tailored to their unique circumstances.
Rise to the top with Peak Benefits!
Join our Peak Benefits Newsletter for the latest news, resources, and offers on all things government benefits. | <urn:uuid:40a03a0e-4514-47c8-b4c7-9c4f9f779fbc> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://benefits.com/glossary/upward-bound/ | 2024-10-13T20:51:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.944341 | 1,436 | 2.875 | 3 |
“I know that you understand what you think I said, but I am not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant”
According to the Radicati Group an estimated 183 billion emails are sent every day. That’s around 2 million emails every second sent by 1.2 billion email Users! Moreover, there are an estimated 516 million business email boxes worldwide. That’s a heck of a potential for mis-communication, misunderstandings, angry words, bad feelings and loss of productivity if the messages go wrong.
Communication experts say that email is good for INFORMATION and CONFIRMATION. However it’s not good for EMOTION or PERSUASION. It is very difficult to convey enthusiasm, empathy or sincerity via email. You can type the words, but one doesn’t get a sense of the way the words are conveyed, and therefore the message can be misinterpreted.
Here are some tips on email etiquette.
•In character, e-mail is somewhere between an informal telephone call and a formal letter, but an e-mail can be easily kept as a permanent record – a phone call is more difficult. Avoid slang, careless writing, thoughtless comments, too many dots or exclamation marks.
•Consider the recipient – who really needs to know? Is it ‘nice to know’ or ‘essential to their job to know’? Consider using group names very carefully – it may save you time but does everyone on the group list really need that message?
•Talk to your boss about the types of information he/she needs to be copied in on.
•Beware of humour and sarcasm – unless you know the recipient very well.
•Where is the recipient? If they are in the same office area, why not talk to them instead? Think of how long it takes to ‘talk’ the message compared to having to write it out.
•Don’t use email as an excuse not to talk to somebody. Barriers in communicating with difficult people can be broken down by hearing your voice, or perhaps seeing you, to build better rapport.
•Never email in anger. Calm down first, or consider an alternative method – email can never convey emotion. Face to face can be a much more effective way of getting how you feel across to an individual.
•Indicate the subject of the e-mail, and the purpose, in the subject header, to help the recipient e.g. ‘Leadership Training: Joining Instructions below’.
•Keep to business issues, avoiding personal e-mails and gossiping.
•Include ‘pleasantries’ at the start of the email e.g. ‘Hope you’re having a good week’ or perhaps a ‘Thanks for doing that last project so quick’ before you launch into your reason for emailing.
•Emailing bad news can be seen as ‘the coward’s way out’ because you don’t want to face the reaction. Also you can’t guarantee when they’ll read the bad news.
•Re-read the message before sending, putting yourself in the recipient’s shoes – what is the tone like? What unintended messages could the recipient see? Am I being succinct enough?
•Be careful about criticising people and organisations by email. A hasty remark by phone will be forgotten, on email there is a permanent record.
•Avoid writing in capital letters (to some this is the equivalent of shouting, and it makes it more difficult to read) and be carefully about emboldening words.
•If you classify all your e-mails as urgent, people may gradually stop treating them as such.
•Be careful about copying the message to the recipient’s manager – some people may view this as untrusting and underhand.
•Break the email ‘tennis’ – it’s far quicker to pick up the phone than reply with an email.
•Deal with e mail at set times of the day ONLY– two or three times per day is a good guide. The tendency is to open email as soon as one arrives – if it was that urgent, the sender would have picked up the phone.
•Turn off the automatic ‘incoming email alert’ facility.
•Remove unwanted e-mails regularly – one user had 350 e-mails in his inbox after 3 days holiday! Always question WHY you keep an electronic copy?
•Set regular times e.g. last day of the month, to review and delete your e-mails.
•Set up folders for recipients. Important people such as the boss, the boss’s boss, and key customers could go into one folder that you check more frequently.
•If you feel emotional after reading a message, give the sender the benefit of the doubt and assume there has been a misunderstanding. Have you read the message carefully? Are you quite sure you’ve understood?
•If it’s about a complicated topic, or it’s a request for ideas or opinions, consider replying by phone, or meet up with the person.
•If you are out of the office for a few days, set up an automated ‘out of office reply’, giving an alternative person’s name who may be able to help.
•Send joke emails to your home inbox for reading later.
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You are here: all Journals and Issues→ Journal→ Issue→ Article
SCIENTIFIC BASES OF ANALYTICAL INDICATORS SYSTEM CREATION
All subjects of the economic analysis find the display in indicators of the plan, account, reporting and other sources of information. One indicator cannot express complexity of the proceeding business processes, versatility of activity of modern economic entity. The whole complex of the interconnected indicators defines each economic event and process, each fact of economic activity. For this reason the choice and justification of system of indicators for display of objects of a research of the economic analysis is an important methodological question. In article the authors raised this question from a position: is a set of indicators a system of indicators? The authors of article see the answer in four moments: what is a system of indicators; to what requirements has to conform; what are the basic principles of its construction; what are the main requirements to each concrete indicator. In their points of view authors made a start, first of all, from the fundamental principle of the economic analysis as sciences - systemacity and complexity of analytical actions. Secondly, authors relied on the reception of the economic analysis entering its scientific device - preparation and justification of system of analytical indicators. During the research of the available experience of creation of systems of indicators, authors considered methodologically true differentiation of set and system of indicators on a number of signs. Further in article the content of category «system of indicators» reveals through the principles of creation of system of indicators and requirements to indicators. Importance of understanding of the used conceptual framework will allow to use analytical tools correctly. Concentration attention of the analyst on formation of system of indicators will allow to solve it - to explain one of the main objectives of the system analysis the general condition of system (subject of the analysis) through the analysis of a condition of its private components (indicators) and assessment of extent of their influence on other making systems (factors). Authors noted that development of the system of analytical indicators, first of all, has to base on the conventional, fundamental provisions, but at the same time keeps «creative», «originative» character.
indicator; system; set; principles of construction; requirement
Full-text in one file
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We Need STEM:
The demand for skilled workers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) is closely linked to global competitiveness. How can counselors (and those advising students) inspire students to solve problems while promoting STEM careers?
There is a lack of gender and ethnic diversity of students entering STEM educational programs and career fields present additional challenges. Using creativity and innovation to address these challenges is critical to meeting this demand of skilled workers.
Not enough young people are being educating or inspired about interest in STEM. “The education in American junior high schools, in particular, seems to be a black hole that is sapping the interest of young people, particularly young women, when it comes to the sciences”.
Importance of STEM:
“In the 21st century, scientific and technological innovations have become increasingly important as we face the benefits and challenges of both globalization and a knowledge-based economy. To succeed in this new information-based and highly technological society, students need to develop their capabilities in STEM to levels much beyond what was considered acceptable in the past.” (National Science Foundation)
Technology is pervasive in almost every aspect of daily life, and as the workplace changes, STEM knowledge and skills grow in importance for a variety of workers (not just for mathematicians and scientists).
Stereotypes about women’s abilities and their role in the family often keep women from pursuing math and science careers.
What You Can Do:
Whether you’re a student, counselor, educator, or parent, you can get involved. You’re taking the first step by visiting this site. If you’re a student, push your school to teach STEM classes. Counselors, it’s your job to promote students to peruse a STEM. Educators, you should be teaching students the relevance of STEM in everyday life, and to you parents, push your children to do well in STEM.
Information and facts were adopted from Preparing Students for STEM Careers by Angela Traurig and Rich Feller | <urn:uuid:14bd4938-f8f8-40f1-bc3c-29c793f69873> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://stemcareer.com/why-stem/ | 2024-10-13T19:31:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.954402 | 418 | 3.453125 | 3 |
the film forum library tutorial contact |
Both Salmon and Hydropower
by Paul Brown
LONDON -- Hydropower can dramatically alter rivers and destroy the habitat of migratory species such as salmon, but now scientists have shown that it is perfectly possible for rivers to produce more fish and more electricity at the same time.
After years of experience with hydro schemes in their own country, Norwegian scientists have produced a handbook to assist river engineers and to explain how to protect vulnerable species while exploiting rivers for renewable energy.
The Centre for Environmental Design of Renewable Energy (CEDREN) believes that by understanding the needs of migratory fish and controlling the flow of the river to accommodate their lifestyle, the breeding success can be improved. At the same time, by adapting and improving the turbine capacity and making it more flexible, more energy can be produced.
While the handbook is based on experience in Norway, the same principles can be applied to many rivers in mountainous areas that have salmon or other migratory fish. Some of the ideas might also apply to fast-flowing rivers in places such as the Himalayas, the European Alps, the Rockies in North America, and the Andes in South America.
There is resistance in many of these places to hydropower because it can cause drastic alteration to natural rivers and destroy their wildlife. As a result, there is still a large untapped potential for hydropower schemes in some regions. Cheap and reliable
The handbook is intended as a blueprint to help engineers and environmentalists to work together to improve the habitat for wildlife, while extracting much-needed electricity from water power to help combat climate change. Hydropower is one of the cheapest and most reliable of renewables.
As far as salmon rivers are concerned, the handbook says the first task is to identify current problems that limit salmon production in rivers. These include lack of spawning grounds or shelter, low water periods, or periods of disadvantageous water temperature.
Looking at the existing or potential hydropower, engineers need to work out operating strategies for the power stations to avoid interfering with the salmon. These could include ideas such as transferring water from neighbouring rivers to improve flow at critical times, and increasing the capacity of turbines and waterways to make operation more flexible.
How the available water in the river is used is critical. Water flow to ensure environmental quality and water releases at different times of the year need to be closely regulated.
To achieve this, a flexible "water bank" will be required to ensure a good supply of water when needed. There also needs to be a smooth transition between high and low water flows, with some water being saved for critical periods.
Physical measures in the river might be needed, such as creating favourable gravel for spawning, restoring rapids and pool sequences in the river, creating shelter in the river bed as hiding-places for fish, and removing fine sediment that inhibits spawning.
Atle Harby, a senior research scientist, said that the new handbook - a world first of its type - can counter the current belief held by many that salmon inevitably suffer as a result of electric power generation in regulated rivers.
Harby heads the CEDREN research centre - one of Norway's "national teams" in environmentally-friendly energy, and which is manned by scientists from SINTEF Energy Research, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA).
He said: "Increased hydropower generation and larger salmon stocks are not necessarily a contradiction in terms. We can use new knowledge and new methods to increase salmon production without compromising power production in many of the regulated rivers. And this can be done using measures that don't necessarily require major investments.
"It won't be possible everywhere, and in some rivers we have still to choose between salmon and power. But it is quite possible in many important salmon rivers to produce more salmon while maintaining existing power generation. We believe that our conclusions will be valid for a good number of important highly-regulated rivers.
"We hope that the handbook will be used to identify what will be possible in each individual river."
Torbjorn Forseth, a senior scientist at NINA, said that salmon is an important indicator species in rivers. If salmon are doing well, and reproduce and thrive as they should, then other aspects of the river's ecological system are also probably functioning well.
Many of the handbook's recommendations do not cost money. Much can be achieved by concentrating releases of water down the river during periods that are important for the salmon's living conditions. Water temperature, riverbed structures and habitat conditions are important for the salmon and vary from year to year, but can be monitored and improved by river management.
Forseth added that while transfer of water from neighbouring rivers can be costly, it is another possible option to ensure that hydropower companies and salmon have more water to share.
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learn the songs | <urn:uuid:3c169da5-2d06-43f6-a279-4ce1c18dc85f> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://www.bluefish.org/canthriv.htm | 2024-10-13T20:55:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.946122 | 1,026 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Ancient Mesopotamia |
Euphrates ‚Äď Tigris |
Cities / Empires |
Sumer: Uruk ‚Äď Ur ‚Äď Eridu |
Kish ‚Äď Lagash ‚Äď Nippur |
Akkadian Empire: Akkad |
Babylon ‚Äď Isin ‚Äď Susa |
Assyria: Assur ‚Äď Nineveh |
Dur-Sharrukin ‚Äď Nimrud |
Babylonia ‚Äď Chaldea |
Elam ‚Äď Amorites |
Hurrians ‚Äď Mitanni |
Kassites ‚Äď Urartu |
Kings of Sumer |
Kings of Assyria |
Kings of Babylon |
Cuneiform script |
Sumerian ‚Äď Akkadian |
Elamite ‚Äď Hurrian |
En√Ľma Elish |
Gilgamesh ‚Äď Marduk |
Mesopotamian mythology |
Babylonia, named for its capital city of Babylon, was an ancient state in Mesopotamia (in modern Iraq), combining the territories of Sumer and Akkad. The earliest mention of Babylon can be found in a tablet of the reign of Sargon of Akkad, dating back to the twenty-third century B.C.E. It became the center of empire under Hammurabi (c. 1780 B.C.E. and again under Nebuchadnezzar II (reigned 605‚Äď562 B.C.E.). Fabled for the beautiful hanging gardens, Babylon was the capital of an ancient civilization that helped to bridge several cultural spheres from Africa to Asia Minor, thus aiding the spread of technology and trade.
In the Judeo-Christian tradition, the neo-Babylonian empire ruler Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed the Temple of Jerusalem and took the Israelites into exile; this was viewed by the prophet Jeremiah as God's chastisement. Babylon became a biblical symbol of corrupt power and wealth, an image of exile and oppression (Isaiah 47:1-13; Revelation 17:3-6). The yearning for their homeland expressed in Psalm 137 has been echoed by refugees and exiles of every age:
By the waters of Babylon,
there we sat down and wept,
when we remembered Zion.
Seventy years later, their children and grandchildren would make the difficult journey back home. But others remained behind. The Jews in Babylon prospered, and for centuries Babylon was renowned as the center of Jewish learning, where the scriptures of Torah and later the Talmud were written. Furthermore, while in Babylon the Jews absorbed from the Babylonians the idea of universal empire, which influenced Jewish self-understanding ever after as a people called to establish God's universal reign.
During the first centuries of the "Old Babylonian" period (that followed the Sumerian revival under Ur-III), kings and people in high position often had Amorite names, and supreme power rested at Isin.
A constant intercourse was maintained between Babylonia and the west‚ÄĒwith Babylonian officials and troops passing to Syria and Canaan, while Amorite colonists were established in Babylonia for the purposes of trade. One of these Amorites, Abi-ramu or Abram by name, is the father of a witness to a deed dated in the reign of Hammurabi's grandfather. (His identity with the biblical Abraham is unproven, however.)
The city of Babylon was given hegemony over Mesopotamia by their sixth ruler, Hammurabi (1780 B.C.E.; dates uncertain). He was a very efficient ruler, giving the region stability after turbulent times, and transforming what had been an unstable collection of city-states into an empire that spanned the fertile crescent of Mesopotamia.
A great literary revival followed. One of the most important works of this "First Dynasty of Babylon," as the native historians called it, was the compilation of a code of laws. This was made by order of Hammurabi after the expulsion of the Elamites and the settlement of his kingdom. A copy of the Code of Hammurabi was found by J. de Morgan at Susa, and is now in the Louvre. This code recognized that kingly power derived from God and that earthly rulers had moral duties, as did their subjects. It laid out Hammurabi's task ‚Äúto bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers‚ÄĚ and to fear God.
The armies of Babylonia were well disciplined, and they conquered the city-states of Isin, Elam, and Uruk, and the strong Kingdom of Mari. The rule of Babylon was even obeyed as far as the shores of the Mediterranean. But Mesopotamia had no clear boundaries, making it vulnerable to attack. Trade and culture thrived for 150 years, until the fall of Babylon in 1595 B.C.E.
The last king of the dynasty was Samsu-Ditana, son of Ammisaduqa. He was overthrown following the sack of Babylon in 1595 B.C.E. by the Hittite king Mursili I, and Babylonia was turned over to the Kassites (Kossaeans) from the mountains of Iran, with whom Samsu-Iluna had already come into conflict in his sixth year. Kandis or Gandash of Mari founded the Kassite dynasty. The Kassites renamed Babylon Kar-Duniash, and their rule lasted for 576 years. With this foreign dominion, that offers a striking analogy to the contemporary rule of the Hyksos in Egypt, Babylonia lost its empire over western Asia. Syria and Canaan became independent, and the high-priests of Asshur made themselves kings of Assyria. Most divine attributes ascribed to the Semitic kings of Babylonia disappeared at this time; the title of "god" was never given to a Kassite sovereign. However, Babylon continued to be the capital of the kingdom and the ‚Äúholy‚ÄĚ city of western Asia, where the priests were all-powerful, and the only place where the right to inheritance of the old Babylonian empire could be conferred.
Through the centuries of Assyrian domination that followed, Babylonia enjoyed a prominent status, or revolting at the slightest indication that it did not. However, the Assyrians always managed to restore Babylonian loyalty, whether through granting of increased privileges, or militarily. That finally changed in 627 B.C.E. with the death of the last strong Assyrian ruler, Ashurbanipal, and Babylonia rebelled under Nabopolassar the Chaldean the following year. With help from the Medes, Niniveh was sacked in 612, and the seat of empire was again transferred to Babylonia.
Nabopolassar was followed by his son Nebuchadnezzar II, whose reign of 43 years made Babylon once more the mistress of the civilized world. Only a small fragment of his annals has been discovered, relating to his invasion of Egypt in 567 B.C.E., and referring to ‚ÄúPhut of the Ionians.‚ÄĚ The Bible indicates that during his campaigns in the Levant, Nebuchadnezzar laid waste to Judah and Jerusalem, destroyed the Temple and took its leading citizens into exile. The horrific sufferings experienced by the people under siege by the Babylonians are memorialized in the Book of Lamentations. Yet according to the prophet Jeremiah, the conquest was decreed by God, as judgment for the sins of Judah and her people.
Herodotus describes Babylon at this period as the most splendid in the known world. It was impressive, he said, both for its size and its attractiveness. Its outer walls were 56 miles in length, 80 feet thick and 320 feet high, he said. Nebuchadnezzar built the famous hanging gardens to cheer up his homesick wife, Amytis, daughter of the king of the Medes, a much more fertile and green land than sun-baked Babylonia.
Of the reign of the last Babylonian king, Nabonidus (Nabu-na'id), and the conquest of Babylonia by the Persian king Cyrus, there is a fair amount of information available. It was in the sixth year of Nabonidus (549 B.C.E.) that Cyrus, the Achaemenid Persian king of Anshan in Elam, revolted against his suzerain Astyages, king of the Manda or Medes, at Ecbatana. Astyages' army betrayed him to his enemy, and Cyrus established himself at Ecbatana, thus putting an end to the empire of the Medes. Three years later Cyrus had become king of all of Persia, and was engaged in a campaign in the north of Mesopotamia. Meanwhile, Nabonidus had established a camp in the desert, near the southern frontier of his kingdom, leaving his son Belshazzar (Belsharutsur) in command of the army.
In 538 B.C.E., Cyrus invaded Babylonia. A battle was fought at Opis in the month of June, where the Babylonians were defeated; and immediately afterwards Sippara surrendered to the invader. Nabonidus fled to Babylon, where Gobryas pursued him, and on the sixteenth of Tammuz, two days after the capture of Sippara, "the soldiers of Cyrus entered Babylon without fighting." Nabonidus was dragged from his hiding place, and Kurdish guards were placed at the gates of the great temple of Bel, where the services continued without interruption. Cyrus did not arrive until the third of Marchesvan (October), Gobryas having acted for him in his absence. Gobryas was now made governor of the province of Babylon, and a few days afterwards the son of Nabonidus died. A public mourning followed, lasting six days, and Cambyses accompanied the corpse to the tomb.
Nabonidus had been a patron of the Moon-god Sin, according to an inscription recounting his restoration of the temple of the Moon-god at Harran; for this he had earned the displeasure of the priests of Bel-Marduk at Babylon. He had also alienated the local priesthoods by removing the images of the local gods from their ancestral shrines, to his capital Babylon. Furthermore, the military party despised him on account of his antiquarian tastes. He seems to have left the defense of his kingdom to others, occupying himself with the more congenial work of excavating the foundation records of the temples and determining the dates of their builders. Thus, when Cyrus entered Babylon, he claimed to be the legitimate successor of the ancient Babylonian kings and the avenger of Bel-Marduk, who was wrathful at the impiety of Nabonidus.
Babylon under the Persians
The invasion of Babylonia by Cyrus was doubtless facilitated by the presence of foreign exiles like the Jews, who had been planted in the midst of the country. One of the first acts of Cyrus was to allow these exiles to return to their own homes, carrying with them the images of their gods and their sacred vessels. The permission to do so was embodied in a proclamation, whereby the conqueror endeavored to justify his claim to the Babylonian throne. The Jews were also allowed to rebuild the Temple. The feeling was still strong that none had a right to rule over western Asia until Bel and his priests had consecrated him to the office; and accordingly, Cyrus henceforth assumed the imperial title of ‚Äúking of Babylon.‚ÄĚ
The Jews understood their time in Babylon as one of chastisement but they had also thought deeply about their experiences there and it was during this time that many of the customs and practices that characterize Judaism developed, including the synagogue as a place for prayer and study and many books of the Bible were compiled. The Bible (or the Torah) began to displace the Temple at the center of Jewish life. Jeremiah advised the exiles to "plant vineyards, build houses, marry off their daughters and work and pray for the prosperity and peace of the city in which they dwelt, for its common welfare was their own welfare" (Jeremiah 29:5-7). This enabled Jews of the Babylonian Diaspora to develop an understanding of their role in the world that did not require the Temple priesthood or sacrificial system. Jewish sense of identity and Jewish practice centered on the study of the Torah, instead.
A sizable Jewish presence remained in Babylon even after the destruction of the second temple in 70 C.E. and on into the Islamic period. Babylon became a leading center of Jewish learning; it was there that the Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli), one of the most important texts of Rabbinic Judaism, was collected by Rav Ashi and Ravina in 550 C.E.
A year before Cyrus' death, in 529 B.C.E., he elevated his son Cambyses II in the government, making him king of Babylon, while he reserved for himself the fuller title of ‚Äúking of the (other) provinces‚ÄĚ of the empire. It was only when Darius Hystaspis ("the Magian") acquired the Persian throne and ruled it as a representative of the Zoroastrian religion, that the old tradition was broken and the claim of Babylon to confer legitimacy on the rulers of western Asia ceased to be acknowledged. Darius, in fact, entered Babylon as a conqueror.
After the murder of Darius, it briefly recovered its independence under Nidinta-Bel, who took the name of Nebuchadnezzar III, and reigned from October 521 B.C.E. to August 520 B.C.E., when the Persians took it by storm. A few years later, probably 514 B.C.E., Babylon again revolted under Arakha; on this occasion, after its capture by the Persians, the walls were partly destroyed. E-Saggila, the great temple of Bel, however, still continued to be kept in repair and to be a center of Babylonian patriotism, until at last the foundation of Seleucia diverted the population to the new capital of Babylonia and the ruins of the old city became a quarry for the builders of the new seat of government.
Science and mathematics
Among the sciences, astronomy and astrology occupied a conspicuous place in Babylonian society. Astronomy was of old standing in Babylonia, and the standard work on the subject, written from an astrological point of view, later translated into Greek by Berossus, was believed to date from the age of Sargon of Akkad. The zodiac was a Babylonian invention of great antiquity; and eclipses of the sun and moon could be foretold. Observatories were attached to the temples, and astronomers regularly sent reports to the king. The stars had been numbered and named at an early date, and there remain tables of lunar longitudes and observations of the phases of Venus. Great attention was naturally paid to the calendar, and there is existence of a week of seven days and another of five days in use.
In Seleucid and Parthian times, the astronomical reports were of a thoroughly scientific character; how much earlier their advanced knowledge and methods were developed is uncertain.
The development of astronomy implies considerable progress in mathematics; it is not surprising that the Babylonians should have invented an extremely simple method of ciphering, or have discovered the convenience of the duodecimal system. The ner of 600 and the sar of 3,600 were formed from the unit of 60, corresponding with a degree of the equator. Tablets of squares and cubes, calculated from 1 to 60, have been found at Senkera, and a people acquainted with the sundial, the clepsydra, the lever and the pulley, must have had no mean knowledge of mechanics. A crystal lens, turned on the lathe, was discovered by Austen Henry Layard at Nimrud along with glass vases bearing the name of Sargon; this could explain the excessive minuteness of some of the writing on the Assyrian tablets, and a lens may also have been used in the observation of the heavens.
The Babylonian system of mathematics was sexagesimal, or a base 60 numeral system. From this is derived the modern-day usage of 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour, and 360 degrees in a circle. The Babylonians were able to make great advances in mathematics for two reasons. First, the number 60 has many divisors (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, and 30), making calculations easier. Additionally, unlike the Egyptians and Romans, the Babylonians had a true place-value system, where digits written in the left column represented larger values (much as in the base ten system: 734 = 7√ó100 + 3√ó10 + 4√ó1). Among the Babylonians mathematical accomplishments were the determination of the square root of two correctly to six decimal places. They also demonstrated knowledge of the Pythagorean theorem well before Pythagoras, as evidenced by a tablet translated by Dennis Ramsey and dating to circa 1900 B.C.E.:
4 is the length and 5 is the diagonal.
What is the breadth?
Its size is not known.
4 times 4 is 16. 5 times 5 is 25.
You take 16 from 25 and there remains 9.
What times what shall I take in order to get 9?
3 times 3 is 9. 3 is the breadth.
- The Code of Hammurabi Translated by L. W. King The Avalon Project. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
- Code of Hammurabi Stele Louvre Collections. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
- Janet L. Beery and Frank J. Swetz, The Best Known Old Babylonian Tablet? Mathematical Association of America (MAA). Retrieved September 23, 2022.
- Bruce Ratner, Pythagoras: Everyone knows his famous theorem, but not who discovered it 1000 years before him Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing 17 (2009): 229‚Äď242. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Bryce, Trevor. Babylonia: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0198726470
- Layard, Austin Henry. Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon. Adamant Media Corporation. 2001. ISBN 978-1402174445
- Parker, Richard A., and Waldo H. Dubberstein. Babylonian Chronology: 626 B.C.E. - A.D. 75. Wipf and Stock, 2007. ISBN 978-1556354533
All links retrieved August 26, 2023.
- Old Babylonian Period The History of the Ancient Near East
- Babylonian Mathematics
- Babylonian Astrology
- Bibliography of Mesopotamian Astronomy and Astrology
- The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria by Theophilus G. Pinches (many deities' names are now read differently, but this detailed 1906 work is a classic).
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Ordinary of the Mass
Mass Text - Latin
Mass Text - English
Mass of Pope Saint Pius V
In addition to being the fifth
Sunday after Easter, today is the feast of Pope Saint Pius V, who is dear to
many traditional Catholics. At first I was simply going to tell you about
this important Pope of the counter-reformation, but a few days ago we
celebrated the feast of Saint Athanasius on May 2, and it occurred to me
that there is a broader theme that should be discussed. But, first, let me
tell you a little about these two great saints.
Michele Ghislieri, Pope Pius V lived
in the sixteenth century, and was active in combatting the errors of
Protestantism. He studied with and became a priest of the Dominican Order.
In 1557 Paul II made him a cardinal and named him inquisitor general for all
of Christendom. Saint Pius was the Pope who implemented the decrees of the
Council of Trent. Under Pope Pius, the Council’s very clear definitions of
the Catholic Faith were issued in a Catechism for Parish Priests,
edited by Saint Charles Borromeo. Pope Pius enforced the directives of
Trent, requiring bishops to hold only one diocese and to live within that
diocese. His was a very serious reform of the lives of the clergy. Even
before becoming Pope he had intervened to keep Pope Pius IV from admitting
thirteen year old Ferdinand de' Medici to the Sacred College of Cardinals.
The Pope edited and codified The Roman Breviary, and then The
Roman Missal, making their use mandatory for all western rite Churches
not having their own rite of Mass for at least two-hundred years. He issued
the bull Quo primum tempore which invoked “the wrath of almighty God
and the blessed Apostles Peter and Paul” on anyone who should try to force
the use of any other missal on the priests and faithful of the Roman Church.
And it was Saint Pius V who organized a coalition of nations that, with no
help from the Protestant countries of Europe, was able to defeat the Moslem
navy in the battle of Lepanto—the beginning of safety from invasion in the
countries of the Mediterranean, which had been under siege for centuries.
Saint Athanasius lived in the fourth
century, and was active in combating the Arian heresy, which denied the
divinity of Jesus Christ. In 325 AD, the Emperor Constantine called the
first Council of Nicæa to discuss the controversy. At the age of
twenty-seven, the Deacon Athanasius played a leading role in supporting the
Catholic position against the Arians. He was the Archbishop of Alexandria
in Egypt for forty‑five years, but spent seventeen of these years, exiled by
four different Emperors, at the bidding of the Arian heretics. What made
Athanasius’ position all the more difficult was that Pope Liberius was a
weak man, who had agreed to sign a compromise of the Nicæan Creed that
favored the heretics. (Liberius, by the way, was the first Pope not to be
called “Saint.”) As his predicament became more widely known, our Saint
began to be called “Athanasius contra mundum—Athanasius against the
world.” For a man who spent much of his life “on the run,” Athanasius had
an incredible literary output, ranging from letters to other concerned
Catholics to theological treatises on the Holy Ghost, the Incarnation, and
asceticism; a biography of Saint Anthony; a history of the Council of
Nicæa; and a few volumes on biblical interpretation.
He wrote to the Catholics whose
churches had been taken over by Arians:
May God console you! ... others have occupied the
Churches ... while during this time you are on the outside. It is a
fact that they have the premises—but you have the apostolic faith.
They can occupy our churches, but they are outside the true faith.
You remain outside the places of worship, but the faith dwells
within you.... What is more important, the place or the faith? The
true faith, obviously. Who has lost and who has won in this
struggle—the one who keeps the premises or the one who keeps the
faith? ... They claim that they represent the Church but in reality
they are the ones who are expelling themselves from it and going
Athanasius is considered a Doctor of
the Church. Given the number of times attempts were made to murder him, it
is surprising that he is not a martyr, but he died on his feast day (May 2),
373 AD, in his own episcopal see at the age of 77.
The stories of Pope Saint Pius V and
Saint Athanasius brought to my mind something that Pope Pius XII wrote
seventy years ago next month:
[The Church’s] Divine Founder permits ... a
regrettable inclination to evil ... even at times in the most
exalted members of His Mystical Body. But our Divine Savior
governs and guides the Society which He founded directly and
personally ... or by singling out from the body of the Church ...
men and women of conspicuous holiness, who may point the way for the
rest of Christendom to the perfecting of His Mystical Body.
Pope Pius XII’s words ought to serve
to encourage us in the midst of the current disturbance in Church and
state. God Himself will guide “the Society which He founded directly and
personally ... or by singling out from the body of the Church ... men and
women of conspicuous holiness.” I mentioned but two of those holy men,
Athanasius and Pius V. I could have added men like Saint Dominic and Saint
Francis, and women like Catherine of Sienna, Theresa of Ávila, and Saint
Joan of Arc—no doubt there are many others—who, through their holiness
served to reform the society around them, both the Church and the state.
One might ask what is necessary to
summon up such “men and women of conspicuous holiness,” as Pius XII
described—for, certainly, we need them now. I would hope that the answer is
obvious, but just in case it is not, Holy Mother Church has answered that
question in Her liturgy as well. Yesterday we commemorated the feast of
Saint Monica, the widowed mother of Saint Augustine, another African Doctor
of the Church.
In his early days, Augustine was a
bad man. He describes himself as a vandal, the father of an illegitimate
child, and a follower of the Manichaean heresy (one of those silly
“dualisms” that claims a bad and a good “god” as creators of matter and
spirit). Monica also had a pagan husband, who was not a good influence on
Augustine. But we know that Monica was absolutely insistent with her
prayers before God for the conversion of both men to the Catholic Faith. We
are told that Monica’s prayers were much more than the recitation of so many
“Our Fathers” and “Hail Marys”—Monica’s prayers were accompanied by her
tears. She was clear to God that her concern for her men was not just a
passing thing that she asked for in addition to good weather, and for peace
in northern Africa—she poured out her soul through the windows of her eyes.
Through his mother’s prayers,
through his mother’s tears, Augustine went on to become a Catholic, a
Priest, a Bishop, and a great Doctor of the Church. He became one of those
men “of conspicuous holiness” whom God raises up when most needed by
Christian society, defeating the heresies of Donatism and Pelagianism, and
leaving the Catholic Church with a vast body of writings that are still
vital and fresh to this day.
I don’t know that I can move you to
tears—I don’t think that I am that great a preacher. But I do hope that I
can move you to sincere and heartfelt prayer:
The Church’s Divine Founder has
permitted ... a regrettable inclination to evil in religious and secular
Society, and we need Him, our Divine Savior, to govern and guide that
Society, either directly and personally ... or by singling out from the
body of the Church ... men and women of conspicuous holiness, who will point
the way for the rest of Christendom to the perfecting of His Mystical Body.
Perhaps you can be one of those men
or women of conspicuous holiness—perhaps you can weep—but certainly you can
Pope Saint Pius V, pray for us!
Saint Athanasius of Alexandria, pray
Saint Augustine, pray for us!
Saint Monica, weep for us! | <urn:uuid:f8513e35-c773-4d09-9d49-20ab64ba8166> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://www.rosarychurch.net/sermons/easter05_2013_Pius_V.html | 2024-10-13T20:46:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.977654 | 1,965 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Posted By Dr. Mercola | January 22 2011 | 146,241 views
A new study has found that the protective shield fluoride forms on teeth is up to 100 times thinner than previously believed. This raises questions about how this renowned cavity-fighter really works.
It has long been believed that fluoride changes the main mineral in tooth enamel, hydroxyapatite, into a more-decay resistant material called fluorapatite. But the new research found that the fluorapatite layer formed in this way is only 6 nanometers thick — meaning it would take almost 10,000 such layers to span the width of a human hair. According to Science Daily:
“The scientists question whether a layer so thin, which is quickly worn away by ordinary chewing, really can shield teeth from decay”.
Another new study shows that exposure to fluoride may lower children’s intelligence. In addition to toothpaste, fluoride is added to 70 percent of U.S. public drinking water supplies. PR Newswire reports:
“About 28 percent of the children in the low-fluoride area scored as bright, normal or higher intelligence compared to only 8 percent in the ‘high’ fluoride area … in the high-fluoride city, 15 percent had scores indicating mental retardation and only 6 percent in the low-fluoride city.”
Environmental Health Perspectives December 17, 2010 [Epub ahead of print]
Dr. Mercola’s Comments:
Fluoride is a potent neurotoxin that’s been fraudulently promoted as a cure for cavities for the past five decades. Finally, we’re beginning to see the kind of research needed to hopefully reverse this great injustice…
The two recent scientific developments above deserve special notice as together they offer a compelling picture of the truth. Not only do we now have yet another study showing that fluoridated water has a significant impact on children’s IQ, but researchers have also discovered that the benefits of topical application of fluoride is highly questionable.
Folks, there are FAR better options for decreasing tooth decay than using a topical poison or ingesting a harmful industrial pollutant.
Fluoride Does Not Make Your Teeth More Resistant to Decay
According to Science Daily, Americans spend a staggering $50 billion a year on the treatment of cavities. Fluoride, long heralded as the answer to decaying teeth, can be found in a vast assortment of toothpastes, mouthwashes and professionally applied fluoride treatments. It’s even added to your drinking water for this purpose.
Now, a groundbreaking study published in the journal Langmuir has uncovered that the fluorapatite layer formed on your teeth from fluoride is a mere six nanometers thick. To understand just how thin this is, you’d need 10,000 of these layers to get the width of a strand of your hair! Scientists now question whether this ultra-thin layer can actually protect your enamel and provide any discernible benefit, considering the fact that it is quickly eliminated by simple chewing.
An Even Bigger Issue: Water Fluoridation
The conventional wisdom has been that topical application of fluoride can help strengthen your enamel and help prevent decay. If that’s untrue, then the case against water fluoridation—the ingestion of fluoride—becomes even stronger than it ever was before.
There’s just no doubt that ingesting fluoride has no beneficial effect on your teeth. In fact, there’s overwhelming evidence indicating that fluoride is a potent toxin that can cause a wide array of severe health problems once ingested.
When evaluating the issue of water fluoridation it is also important to understand that fluoride is a drug. You can’t get fluoride without a prescription. Yet it’s being added to your water supply on a mandatory basis at various levels that may or may not be safe for various individuals, especially children, the sick, and the elderly. Water fluoridation is a major assault on your freedom of choice – to be drugged or not.
Sodium fluoride, which is a far simpler toxin than the fluoride compounds used for most water fluoridation, has also been used for rat and cockroach poisons, so there is no question that it is highly toxic.
Amazingly, the United States is only one of eight countries in the entire developed world that fluoridates more than 50 percent of its water supply. (The other seven are: Australia, Colombia, Ireland, Israel, Malaysia, New Zealand and Singapore.) In Europe, Ireland is the only country that fluoridates more than 50 percent of its drinking water, and England fluoridates 10 percent. Most of mainland Europe is not fluoridated, and yet, according to World Health Organization data, their teeth are just as good, if not better than Americans’.
Studies Link Water Fluoridation to Reduced IQ in Children
The latest study linking water fluoridation to lowered IQ was announced in a December 21 news release. However, this study was recently withdrawn from publication according to Jane Schroeder (NIH/NIEHS). In an email response she explained the reason for the withdrawal as follows:
“Following Ahead of Print publication EHP learned that many of the data had been published in a previous paper (Xiang et al. 2003. Effect of fluoride in drinking water on children’s intelligence. Fluoride 36: 84-94), in violation of EHP¹s policy regarding the use of previously published material in original Research Articles. Consequently, the paper had to be withdrawn from publication.”
That said, the data published in 2003 still stands and is still valid. Dr. Connett has also stated that his comments still stand.
“This is the 24th study that has found this association, but this study is stronger than the rest because the authors have controlled for key confounding variables and in addition to correlating lowered IQ with levels of fluoride in the water, the authors found a correlation between lowered IQ and fluoride levels in children’s blood.
This brings us closer to a cause and effect relationship between fluoride exposure and brain damage in children.
What is also striking is that the levels of the fluoride in the community where the lowered IQs were recorded were lower than the EPA’s so-called ‘safe’ drinking water standard for fluoride of 4 ppm and far too close for comfort to the levels used in artificial fluoridation programs (0.7 – 1.2 ppm).”
Trained as a chemist specializing in environmental chemistry, Dr. Connett is known throughout the world as a leader in the movement opposing water fluoridation because of his knowledge base. His organization, the Fluoride Action Network, contains a wealth of information on this topic.
Earlier this year I joined forces with Connett to publicize his game plan to end water fluoridation in Canada and the United States. I’ll review it again at the end of this article.
In December 2010, a second study reporting an association with exposure to fluoride and lowered IQ in children was pre-published in the Journal of Hazardous Materials.
According to the authors, “our study suggested that low levels of fluoride exposure in drinking water had negative effects on children’s intelligence and dental health and confirmed the dose–response relationships between urine fluoride and IQ scores as well as dental fluorosis.”
This study indicates a 5 point lowering in IQ as the fluoride level in drinking water went from about 0.3 ppm to 3.0 ppm.
Fluoride has Been Repeatedly Linked to Brain Damage
In addition to this study, there are 23 more from four different countries (Mexico, Iran, India and China), which indicate that even moderate exposure to fluoride lowers IQ in children.
According to Dr. Connett, there are also more than 100 animal studies linking fluoride to brain damage, spanning all the way back to 1941. Unfortunately, most of the IQ studies have been unavailable in English, which is why the 2006 fluoride report created by the National Research Council of the National Academies contained only five of the available studies.
Still, while reviewing just 20 percent of the evidence, the panel concluded that there was a consistent and plausible link between fluoride exposure and reduced IQ. The news release quotes Tara Blank, Ph.D., the Science and Health Officer for the Fluoride Action Network as saying:
“Millions of American children are being exposed unnecessarily to this neurotoxin on a daily basis. Who in their right mind would risk lowering their child’s intelligence in order to reduce a small amount of tooth decay, for which the evidence is very weak.”
According to Dr. Connett, the newest studies show that over 40 percent of American children are overexposed to fluoride. How can we know? Because they have the telltale sign of dental fluorosis. In its mildest form, dental fluorosis looks like little white specks on your teeth. But as it gets more serious, it begins affecting more of the surface of your teeth, creating yellow, brown and orange mottling.
Promoters of fluoridation scoff at these signs, saying that they’re “just cosmetic.”
But, since we already know that water fluoridation does NOT effectively reduce dental caries, this is an unnecessary cosmetic defect, and, worse yet, it is a worrisome indication that your body has been overexposed to fluoride. If it’s having a detrimental, visual effect on the surface of your teeth, you can be virtually guaranteed that it’s also damaging something else inside your body, such as your bones.
Other Fluoride-Induced Health Problems
In fact, fluoride will accumulate in your body and can, over time, lead to far more serious health concerns. There are plenty of studies showing the dangers of fluoride to your health—besides dental fluorosis—such as:
Increases lead absorption | Disrupts synthesis of collagen | Hyperactivity and/or lethargy | Muscle disorders |
Brain damage, and lowered IQ | Arthritis | Dementia | Bone fractures |
Lowers thyroid function | Bone cancer (osteosarcoma) | Inactivates 62 enzymes | Inhibits formation of antibodies |
Genetic damage and cell death | Increases tumor and cancer rate | Disrupts immune system | Damages sperm and increases infertility |
Parents Beware: Never Use Fluoridated Tap Water when Making Infant Formula
Most of the people who are educated about fluoride will avoid drinking municipal tap water that is fluoridated, and a reverse osmosis system is about the only way to rid your water of fluoride. However, there are many who simply don’t have the resources or the know-how to protect themselves and their young children. In November of 2006, the American Dental Association (ADA) sent out an email to alert its members of their recommendation to parents to not use fluoridated tap water to make infant formula. A few days later, the CDC followed suit.
But neither of them openly informed the public!
So millions of parents are still using tap water to make up formula, oblivious of the fact that the agencies that promote fluoridation in this country have issued a specific warning against using fluoridated water for this purpose. Not only that, but by fluoridating the municipal water supply, you doom many low income families to fail to protect their young children from this dangerous drug, even if they have this information.
What’s the REAL Cause of Tooth Decay?
Tooth decay is caused by acids in your mouth, typically created from sugar being metabolized by bacteria (Streptococcus mutans), and as you may already know, the number one source of calories in the United States is high fructose corn syrup.
The acid produced then attacks your enamel. Eventually the bacteria can get into the dentine, at which point tooth decay sets in. You typically don’t find dental caries in more primitive societies that do not consume these vast amounts of sugar. So, the real answer lies in your diet. Avoid excessive sugar consumption, and your dental health will improve along with the rest of your body.
How You Can Help End Water Fluoridation in Canada and the United States
The Fluoride Action Network is an absolutely phenomenal resource for further education, and they’re doing much to pressure the US government for change.
Later this year we plan on developing a massive social networking initiative to form local groups in which you can work on removing fluoride in your local community. We will have access to online tools that will help you replicate success other Canadian and American municipalities have had in removing fluoride.
Until then if you are a professional you can sign FAN’s statement calling for an end to fluoridation worldwide now been signed by more than 3,230 professionals. We encourage all medical and science professionals to sign this statement.
Our fluoride initiative will largely focus on Canada, because 60 percent of Canada is already non-fluoridated. If we can get the rest of Canada to stop fluoridating their water, we believe the U.S. will be forced to follow. If you live in Ontario, Canada, please join the ongoing effort by contacting Diane Sprules at [email protected]. The point-of-contact for Toronto is Aliss Terpstra. You may email her at [email protected].
We’re also going to address the two US communities: Austin, Texas and San Diego, California. If you live in Austin, Texas, you can join the effort by contacting Rae Nadler-Olenick at either: [email protected] or [email protected], or by regular mail or telephone:
Austin, Texas 78713
Phone: (512) 371-3786If you’re in San Diego, California, contact Patty Ducey-Brooks, publisher of the Presidio Sentinel at [email protected] .
Additionally, New York City council member Peter Vallone, Jr. introduced legislation on January 18 “prohibiting the addition of fluoride to the water supply” in New York City. The ensuing debate alone could have major significance for our efforts in the US, considering that NYC is the nation’s largest city.
Therefore, New York City is now also on our list of targeted cities in North America. The point person for this area is Carol Kopf, at the New York Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation (NYSCOF). Email her at [email protected] . Please contact her if you’re interested in helping with this effort.
In addition, we’re willing to support any credible activist for this cause, who is scientifically based and grounded, regardless of where you live in the US. We can provide resources to help support you in your effort to eliminate fluoride from your local community – and it really needs to be a community battle.
We’re not going to be able to pass a federal law against fluoridation. There is not going to be a Presidential mandate or even a State-wide elimination. This change will occur one community at a time.
So please, get informed; stay involved. In addition to the Fluoride Action Network, you can find a wealth of scientific literature at this link. I also highly recommend getting a copy of Dr. Connett’s new book, The Case Against Fluoride to learn more. | <urn:uuid:c0847bec-8cfd-446a-a269-0474fe990638> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://www.sdsdw.org/1-featured-articles/cdc-now-warns-against-consumption-by-infants/ | 2024-10-13T19:09:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.953089 | 3,179 | 2.96875 | 3 |
World History of Crime and Criminal Justice
- Lecture/Discussion: 3
Understanding Canada and other countries' current criminological problems is rooted in crime and justice history. The course examines the history of crime and criminal Justice on a cross-national basis. The course explores historical problems of crime, law enforcement, and punishment from ancient times to the late 20th century, covering both Western and non-Western civilizations. | <urn:uuid:de6b3a77-5686-4c53-8b74-505244e9fea7> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://academic-calendar.wlu.ca/course.php?c=64958&cal=1&d=2640&s=1047&y=85 | 2024-10-13T19:07:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.885314 | 84 | 2.703125 | 3 |
In the recent years, the banking industry has experienced an increase in the number of consumers relying on digital banking technologies. Consumers can manage their financial lives more easily and conveniently due to digital banking, which allows them to do everything from pay bills to send money to shop online.
According to the most recent World Retail Banking Report, 57% of consumers prefer digital (online) banking to traditional branch banking. In addition, 55% of people now prefer using mobile banking apps to manage their accounts, which is 47% more than pre-pandemic times. As a result, the main concern is how the personal information is safeguarded since the financial services industry is one of the primary sources of data breaches.
It is necessary to keep such information secure and hidden. Information breaches are a concern in all businesses, but the financial administration industry is particularly vulnerable due to the sensitive information it holds. Given the increasing risk of data breaches, fraud, and related extortion in enterprises, organisations are focusing more on updating their information security programmes.
IMPORTANCE OF DATA PRIVACY IN THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY
In the financial sector, data privacy is very important, especially when it comes to online banking and digital financial services. Data privacy is critical for the following reasons:
1. Customer Information Security: Personal identification details, financial transactions, and account information are just a few of the sensitive customer data that is handled by financial institutions. Maintaining customer trust and ensuring that their privacy rights are respected necessitate safeguarding this information.
2. Fraud and Identity Theft Prevention: Individual and monetary information can be misused by cybercriminals for false purposes, like data fraud, unapproved admission to accounts, or fake exchanges. To reduce these risks and safeguard customers from financial harm, robust data privacy measures are necessary.
3. Compliance with Requirements Set by Law and Regulation: Data privacy and security are mandated by a variety of legal and regulatory frameworks that apply to the financial sector. Not only are these requirements required by law, but they also show that financial institutions are committed to protecting customer data’s privacy and security.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH DATA BREACHES AND UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS
The financial sector is at risk from data breaches and unauthorized access because of the digital nature of online banking and digital financial services. Some major dangers include:
i. Data Losses: An information breach happens when unapproved people get close enough to sensitive client data, either through hacking, phishing, or other means. Financial losses, harm to a company’s image, and a loss of customers’ trust are all possible outcomes of breaches.
ii. Theft of Identity: Identity theft can be committed using personal information obtained through data breaches. Victims can suffer significant financial losses as a result of cybercriminals pretending to be them, opening bogus accounts, or making unauthorized transactions.
iii. Transactions that are Illegal: Feeble information security measures can work with unapproved exchanges, including unapproved store moves, charge card misrepresentation, or deceitful advance applications. Customers are harmed as a result of these actions, and the financial system’s integrity is also compromised.
LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR DATA PRIVACY IN ONLINE BANKING AROUND THE WORD AND INDIA
Around the world, a few legitimate arrangements have been put in place to protect people’s information. Here are some notable examples:
a. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): Guidelines for the collection, processing, and storage of personal data have been established by the GDPR, which was enacted in the European Union (EU). It emphasizes obtaining explicit consent from individuals, giving users control over their data, and ensuring transparency in data handling procedures.
b. California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA): The CCPA gives the occupants of California more command over their own data. Companies are required to disclose their data collection practices, provide individuals with access to and deletion of their data, and provide opt-out options.
c. Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA): A data protection framework that regulates how organizations collect, use, and disclose personal data was established by Singapore’s PDPA.
India has established various lawful arrangements to shield the individual data of its residents. In terms of online banking data privacy, the following are some of India’s most significant legal frameworks and regulations:
I. The Information Technology (IT) Act of 2000:
The IT Act is primarily responsible for regulating electronic transactions and data protection in India. It gives a legitimate design for data protection and security, incorporating game plans associated with unapproved access, hacking, and data breaches. Section 43A of the IT Act mandates that businesses to implement reasonable security measures to protect individuals’ personal information and compensate them for any negligent loss or damage.
II. Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) Safe Digital Banking Guidelines:
The RBI, India’s central bank, has established guidelines to protect the privacy and security of online banking data. These guidelines require financial institutions to implement robust security measures like encryption and two-factor authentication in order to protect customers’ personal and financial information.
In addition, in order to identify security flaws and ensure compliance with data protection regulations, the RBI requires banks to conduct routine audits and assessments of their information technology systems.
As a result of these legal frameworks and guidelines, individuals’ information security rights are protected, and organizations are held accountable for appropriately handling individual data. To safeguard people’s private and financial data, the legal system must adapt and solve emerging difficulties as information security concerns through technological advancement.
DATA PRIVACY MEASURES IN ONLINE BANKING AND DIGITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
Online banking and advanced financial services, where sensitive client data is handled and stored, place a premium on information security. To defend client information from unapproved access, abuse, and information breaks, it is fundamental to carry out hearty information protection measures.
1. Safe Data Collection and Storage Techniques:
To ensure the classification and trustworthiness of client data, financial organisations should lay out secure information assortment exercises. This necessitates having strict data collection policies, like only collecting the information that is necessary and obtaining informed consent from customers.
Use of encrypted communication channels and secure online forms to reduce the risk of data being intercepted during collection is a primary way of safeguarding confidential information. Access controls and permissions based on roles should only allow access to authorized personnel. Information capacity frameworks ought to be observed and evaluated consistently to catch and stop endeavours at unapproved access.
2. Encryption and Data Transfer Protocols:
In web-based banking and computerised financial services, encryption plays a crucial role in protecting customer information. The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols, which create a secure connection between the user’s device and the financial institution’s servers, should be used to encrypt data during transmission.
This ensures that the sensitive data stays private and is protected from unapproved access. In addition, stored data ought to be protected with effective encryption methods. Encrypting databases, files, backups, and any other sensitive data is necessary in the event of a security breach or theft.
3. Authentication with Multiple Factors and Access Controls:
The financial services industry is increasing its investment in identity management and control systems in order to limit access to vital information and track who has access to what information. Identity and access management tools, which traditionally served as gatekeepers, have evolved with technology, and are now used to perform advanced functions such as: defining access levels; tracking events to determine when a specific breach occurred; locating where the breach occurred; and determining the time of the breach occurrence.
4. Concentrate on reducing costs and simplifying data protection:
The complexity of data protection has increased for all organisations as a result of the introduction of new computing models, a flood of backup software, and a plethora of network options. Security officers are expected to look for storage pooling to meet various data security criteria, such as data classification and policy administration.
5. Smartphones being used to provide cyber security:
Several leading banks currently send texts to customers’ mobile phones to notify them of major transactions or odd account activity. Banks are now looking to convert their clients’ smartphones into security tokens to provide an extra degree of protection, particularly for online transactions.
Banks simply need to install software that allows these devices to generate new passwords on a regular basis, saving the cost of providing consumers with a separate security key.
By regularly conducting security audits, financial institutions can proactively identify and address vulnerabilities thereby safeguarding customer data. It is easier to stay aware of new threats and take the right precautions when vulnerabilities are assessed.
The ability of financial service providers to record, store, combine, and analyse a wide range of client data, such as their financial condition, habits, or physical location, has led an adaptation of data privacy and financial consumer protection frameworks in today’s economies.
Although this is necessary, public policies should also emphasise increasing consumer awareness of the consequences of the use of their personal data, as well as promote behaviours that can safeguard their personal data while assisting them in taking an active role towards data sharing that is consistent with their own preferences. A consumer-centric approach also responds to a shifting legislative environment in which individuals are given additional rights over their personal data.
While acknowledging the advantages, it is essential to address the system’s difficulties and potential vulnerabilities. It will take time and effort to find a balance between usability and security that works for all parties involved. The financial industry can safeguard customers’ trust and confidence in the digital financial landscape by remaining proactive and embracing emerging technologies.
– Team AMLEGALS assisted by Ms. Manyata Dave (Intern)
For any query or feedback, please feel free to get in touch with [email protected] or [email protected] | <urn:uuid:bb66ee18-6804-4781-b895-454fc26f50f9> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://amlegals.com/ensuring-data-privacy-in-online-banking-and-digital-financial-services/ | 2024-10-13T20:45:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.919029 | 2,041 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Study & Illustration
Illustration is a visual way to portray or a visual explanation of a written text. This might help to explain an idea or tell a story or provide decoration. This can be in many forms both traditional and digital.
Study & Illustration techniques- Study from life full-figure, Drawing from Nature- observation and rendering in different media. memory drawing from nature, understanding of Basic Illustration techniques, rendering in pencil, monochrome, color and ink, product rendering.
Study & Illustration for different type of Job work- Outdoor study- Outdoor sketching with specific purpose, architectural man-made Job work and natural objects. Project study in depth of man-made and natural objects- animals, trees, flowers, architectural features, sculpture, textile, furniture etc. Story based illustrations and other related job work. Illustrations for Newspaper, Magazine and Books. | <urn:uuid:bb5aea16-542b-4fa3-b4f2-14f3be6f6ed5> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://aroramanish.in/case/study-illustration/ | 2024-10-13T20:54:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.864456 | 178 | 3.484375 | 3 |
What do you remember of how the first Thanksgiving came to be?
Let's step back in time to 1620. Probably we vaguely recall the Mayflower, the ship that brought those settlers from Plymouth, England, to North America. On a family vacation to the East Coast we visited Plymouth, MA. The Plimoth Plantation is a living history museum erected on the site of that original settlement. Anchored at the shore is the Mayflower II, a reproduction.
How tiny that ship was! Yet 388 years ago people like you and me gathered their families and braved crossing the Atlantic on that ship. Once we stepped aboard, it seemed even smaller. Picture ceiling heights about 65 inches, with berths about 3 ft. by 6 ft. Costumed guides told us each passenger was allowed their berth, including space above and below it, for their trunks and chests. That small ship was crammed with food and supplies, household goods for their future homes, even goats.
During their long, miserable voyage on the choppy Atlantic, two passengers died and many more sickened. They finally reached harbor on December 11, naming it New Plymouth.
Imagine yourself one of that intrepid band, weary to the bone from the arduous journey, half-sick, undernourished on the diet of mostly oatmeal, turnips and dried ox tongues. Imagine your dismay at finally arriving at a typical Massachusetts December scene, probably much like this.
William Bradford, the first governor of the Plymouth colony, wrote: "Being thus arrived in a good harbor and brought safe to land, they fell upon their knees and blessed the God of heaven ... They had now no friends to welcome them, no inns to entertain or refresh their weatherbeaten bodies, no houses, or much less towns to repair to, to seek for succor ... What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?"
That first winter forty-four of the original colonists died. more would have died if not for the Mayflower captain's decision to remain anchored off-shore. With only one makeshift shelter on shore, that cramped ship remained "home" for many months. Once the weather warmed, the survivors finally could hunt the abundant game they had been unable to hunt when landing.
An English-speaking native they named Squanto befriended them and helped arrange a peace treaty with the Wampanoags. Then Squanto showed them his people's ways of planting corn and other crops. Early summer brought drought, but by autumn these settlers harvested their crops. As they stored away food for the coming winter, they took stock. yes, they had survived, but they had made seven times more graves than huts. Only three families remained unbroken.
Governor Bradford describes that time this way: The Lord sent them ... seasonable showers, and through His blessing caused a fruitful and liberal harvest, to their no small comfort and rejoicing. For which mercy, in time cconvenient, they also set apart a day of Thanksgiving."
So the settlers invited their Wampanoag friends to join them and welcomed the food and game they brought along. Together, they feasted and rejoiced. Those early settlers, at least, thanked God, even while remembering their departed family members and friends.
This scene strikes me as especially poignant this year, when financial losses seem to affect most of us, and we're anxious. I think those settlers we call Pilgrims have much to teach us about turning our eyes to what remains, rather than being fixed on what is lost.
What if we added up what's good and right and meaningful in our own lives? Suppose we, like the Pilgrims, leave our accumulated pain with the Lord and thank Him for His presence with us. Could we, like them, simply trust our future to Him?
A beloved Bible verse fits every day, but especially at Thanksgiving.
Give thanks unto the LORD, for he is good, his love endures forever. --Psalm 107:1
That hard year was not the end of the Pilgrims' story. It was the beginning of a new chapter. That's worth considering, no matter what our age or our situation.
May you have a blessed Thanks-giving Day, and may you have family and friends to share it with!
What blessings are you thankful for? Your comments welcomed! | <urn:uuid:201a9552-7c3b-4e5a-b9f8-3e481b6e42a6> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://awomansview.typepad.com/a_womans_view/2008/11/index.html | 2024-10-13T20:40:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.974916 | 894 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Pi Symbol Copy and Paste
Symbol name | Symbol | Copy symbol | Decimal | Hex | Named |
Capital Pi | Π | Π | Π | Π | |
Small Pi | π | π | π | π |
Mathematical Pi Copy and Paste
Symbol name | Symbol | Copy symbol | Decimal | Hex |
Mathematical capital Pi (bold & italic) | 𝜫 | 𝜫 | 𝜫 | |
Mathematical small Pi (bold & italic) | 𝝅 | 𝝅 | 𝝅 | |
Mathematical capital Pi sans-serif (bold) | 𝝥 | 𝝥 | 𝝥 | |
Mathematical small Pi sans-serif (bold) | 𝝿 | 𝝿 | 𝝿 | |
Mathematical capital Pi sans-serif (bold & italic) | 𝞟 | 𝞟 | 𝞟 | |
Mathematical small Pi sans-serif (bold & italic) | 𝞹 | 𝞹 | 𝞹 |
Cyrillic Pi Symbol Copy and Paste
Symbol name | Symbol | Copy symbol | Decimal | Hex | Named |
Pi N-ary product | ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | |
Pi N-ary coproduct | ∐ | ∐ | ∐ | ||
Cyrillic capital Pi | П | П | П | ||
Cyrillic small Pi | п | п | п |
You might be a student who’s just been introduced to the pi symbol, or maybe you’re just curious about this little symbol, “π”, that keeps popping up in math class. When I first heard of the Pi symbol, it struck me as puzzling. So, if it seems odd to you at first, that’s totally fine.
The symbol for pi is one of the most important constants in mathematics that is used in geometry, trigonometry, and even engineering. But that’s not all – pi’s got its fingers in many more pies, which I’m gonna discuss below. I have a feeling you’ll find this guide to the Pi sign fascinating.
In this journey, I’ll walk you through not just what Pi is and where it came from, but also how to write it, where it’s used, and yes, even how to copy and paste it anywhere you need. So, no more stalling, let’s get ready for an intriguing ride!
What Does the Pi Symbol Mean “π”?
The Pi symbol “π” comes from the Greek letter “perimetros,” meaning “perimeter and it is usually pronounced “pie” in English.” This symbol represents a constant in math, showing how many times a circle’s width fits around its edge.
Its value is 22/7 in fraction and 3.14159 in decimal, but its digits go on forever without repeating, which is why we call it an irrational number (a number that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction). But Pi isn’t just irrational; it’s also transcendental, which means it can’t be expressed as a simple root.
Pi “π” has also permeated popular culture celebrating ‘Pi Day’ on March 14th to honor this iconic mathematical constant. Symbol for Pi’s fingerprints are all over the place – it’s used in Geometry, Physics, Engineering, Trigonometry, and some other fields.
The Pi sign was first devised by British mathematician William Jones in 1706 but it was Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler who really put it on the map in 1737. Symbol for Pi has become essential in formulas involving circles and periodic functions.
How to type The Pi “π” Symbol?
Writing the Pi sign can be a hassle, especially for those who just got to know what it actually is. You know not everybody has the same devices and reasons for using Pi, so, I’ve decided to guide you on how to type the Pi symbol on a variety of commonly used devices. Don’t fret, I’ll cover your device for sure.😁 Let’s start typing this pretty symbol…
Pi Symbol on iPhone or Android
Both iPhones and Android devices offer ways to insert “π” anywhere. The method differs slightly for both but you’ll set them in your mind quickly. First, let’s tackle how to type the Pi symbol on your iPhone. Then, I’ll move on to Android.
So first of all, go to your iPhone’s settings, and get into the general option.
Once you’re in, a couple of options will be in front of you including “Keyboard.” Select it, then choose “keyboards.”
As soon as you click on the “Keyboards” option, you will now see all the keyboards you already have added. There, look for “Add New Keyboard…”, and click on it.
Under the “Add New Keyboard…” option, you’ll see a ton of keyboards available. But you just have to add the “Greek” keyboard since you wanna use the Pi sign from your iPhone keyboard.
Now, the Greek keyboard will be added to your keyboard which you can use to insert not only Pi “π” but many other Greek letters like backwards 3 too.
Now, open any app where you can type – your messenger app will do just fine. Once you’ve got that keyboard up and running, tap and hold the little World icon sitting pretty at the bottom of your screen. As soon as you hold the icon, all the keyboards will appear that you have added in the settings. Pick “ελληνικά” (that’s Greek for, well, Greek).
The Greek keyboard will now appear and you’ll be able to see all the Greek letters including the symbol for Pi “π”.
Guess what? It’s finally done! You’re now free to use the “π” symbol wherever you want. And hey, if you don’t want to go through this whole process, just swing by my website and copy it anytime.
It’s pretty easy to insert the Pi emoji in Android. You can find the π symbol this way: open any messaging app, and tap on “?123” to bring up the numeric keyboard. Then, hit “=<” to reveal a ton of different symbols.
You will see the “π” symbol there if you’re in luck. So, from there, you can always insert the symbol for Pi with no headache. But it’s not always there on every device. If π is playing hide and seek on your device, you gotta follow the following steps:
Open any app where you can type using your Android’s on-screen keyboard. Look for a little 4-square icon in the top left corner of your keyboard that looks like a mini window. Give that icon a tap to see the keyboard options.
Once you click on it, all the keyboard options will be visible. There, you’ll see a settings option and you must click on it.
That click will bring you to the page where you can customize your keyboard and as well as change the language. Now click on the “Languages” option.
After clicking on it, you will see all the keyboards that you already have added. In the following image, only the ‘English (US)’ language option is visible in my case. Right beneath the added languages, you’ll spot a “+ Add Keyboard” option”, go ahead and tap on it.
You will see a world of languages there. Enter “Greek” in the search bar. You’ll see two Greek language options but be sure to add the one I’ve highlighted in the picture below.
Now again head back to any messenger app. Once the on-screen keyboard appears, press and hold the World icon. You’ll see all your added languages, including “Greek.” Select the Greek so you can use that keyboard.
Once the Greek keyboard is selected, you can now use a ton of symbols including the Pi “π”. Now you can insert it wherever your heart desires. It’s finally done! Was this helpful?😜 I’m pretty sure it is!
If you don’t want to go through this whole process, just swing by my website again and copy it anytime. Enjoy!
How to Type π in Google Docs
Google Docs is available almost on all devices whether it’s desktop or mobile. Even if the Android method I mentioned earlier isn’t your thing, you can use Google Docs to insert in the mobile, iPhone, desktop, and even in the Mac.
Below I am sharing the method of how to type Pi in Google Docs on a desktop. The method works across the board, regardless of the device where Docs is available. So, let’s begin!
Open up Google Docs and look for “Insert” in the menu above the toolbar.
As soon as you click on it, a drop-down menu will open with a lot of options including “Special characters” and you must click on it.
After that, a pop will appear titled “Insert Special Characters” with a lot, a lot of symbols!
You’ll also spot a search box on the pop-up. Type “Pi” in the search bar and all the symbols related to the Pi “π” will appear just like in the image below. When you click on any symbol, it’ll be inserted in the Doc. After that, you can easily copy and insert it in your desired place. Enjoy to the fullest!
How to type Pi on Chromebook
It’s time to make Chromebook enthusiasts happy. I’ve got not one, but a couple of methods up my sleeve to help you type Pi on your Chromebook. For your convenience, I am gonna share multiple methods, so go for the one that fits your style. So, follow me…
Copying from a Web Page
The easy peasy lemon squeezy method is to copy it from my site, Backwards3.info, and paste it in your desired place. When you visit this webpage, you’ll see Pi symbols on the top, you can copy it from there. Don’t wanna scroll up? Alright, I’ll save you the trouble and add that symbol right below for you. Just tap copy and you’re good to go!
Using Chrome extension
A kind soul has created a Chrome extension called “utf-8 and Unicode characters” that’s really helpful for Chromebook users. For those who browse a lot and often need to insert the Pi sign, here’s the step-by-step method to insert π using this Chrome extension.
Search “Unicode characters Chrome extension” in Google and look for the result titled “utf-8 and Unicode characters – Chrome Web Store – Google” or you can also click here to land on that extension page. This is what the extension looks like:
Please click “Add to Chrome” to get it installed and added to your browser. Once it’s installed, pin it so it appears on the top in front of the Chrome search bar. Clicking on the extension’s icon will open a pop-up window with piles of symbols and emojis.
Look for a blue “Greek” button as you scroll down.
When you click on it, hundreds of thousands of Greek symbols will be displayed. Now look for the “π” symbol. You’ll find it under the “Greek 134” (take a peek at the picture). Select the symbol and press CTRL+C. Voilà! You can now paste it everywhere.
How to Write Pi Symbol on Keyboard
Maths students may often need to insert the π symbol using a keyboard while studying. So they no longer need to always visit browsers to copy it. I am about to make their life super easy with the methods that I’m about to reveal.
I’ve got a bunch of ways to type the Pi symbol on keyboard and I am excited to share them all with you, so everyone can use the one they find convenient. Btw, all the ways are so easy, you’ll be surprised you didn’t start using them sooner.
Symbol For Pi Alt Code
First, let me walk you through the symbol for Pi Alt code method. This method is particularly handy if you frequently use a desktop for your work or studies. But it won’t work on iPhone or Android smartphones since they don’t come with an Alt key.
It’s so simple, even a little one would find it easy! Switch on Num Lock, keep the Alt key pressed, and enter 227 with the number pad. As soon as you let go of the Alt key, the Pi sign π will be inserted. It’s really that easy! Honestly, I think this approach is way better than just copying and pasting.
If you are a Mac user, hold the “option” button and press “P” & the Pi will be inserted. It’s done!
From Windows Character Picker
This method can be just a bit tricky, yet, easy. Start by holding the Windows key and hitting the Period key. If you don’t know which button the period button is, see the picture below.
Then a pop-up will appear displaying thousands of emojis and symbols together. You have to click on the “Symbols” icon, 5th in the line.
When you click on that, you’ll be displayed too many symbols. At the top, you’ll notice some categories to help you narrow down your choices. You’ll also see an arrow at the end of the categories.
Click the arrow to zip straight to the end of the categories. There, you should see “Language symbols.” You’ll see too many symbols in languages such as Greek when you click on it. You don’t have to bother to scroll down, because the symbol for Pi is available on the very first page. Found it? Great! When you click on the “π”, it’ll automatically be inserted.
Pi Symbol in Word
Microsoft Word is installed on plenty of Windows computers. If you are a Word user too, this method is for you. Writing the Pi π is simple in Word too if you already know the use of it. You’ll see the “Insert” tab in the row of options at the top.
When you click on it, you will see two symbol options at the end of the row, “Equation” and “Symbol.” Click on the symbol and you’ll be displayed just a few symbols. In my case, the Pi is available within those few symbols.
But what if it’s not there on your computer? Click on “More Symbols…”. A pop-up will now show up; please choose “Greek and Coptic” from the dropdown menu of ‘subset’. And there, you’ll surely find the Pi sign. 🙂
Pi Symbol in Mathematics: What Does π Represent?
As I discussed above, Pi is a Greek letter and has been used in Mathematics for centuries. Not only in math but it has found its way in some other fields too. In simple words, the Pi π symbol shows how many times a circle’s width fits around its edge in math.
The fact is that Maths loves using Pi because it can solve problems such as the lengths of arcs or other curved lines, elliptical areas, sections, other curved surfaces, and volumes of different solid figures.
Pi is mandatory in some mathematical formulas, especially in geometry and trigonometry. Let me give you an example for your better understanding; it’s used to calculate the area of a circle (A = πr²) and the circumference of a circle (C = 2πr), where “r” stands for the radius. I hope I made it a piece of cake for you to understand.
Pi Symbol in Physics
On the other side of the coin, Pi holds the same significance in physics as in mathematics. If you are a physics student, you must be aware that there are certain branches of physics like circular motion, waves, oscillations, and quantum mechanics, right? Symbol for Pi is fundamental to these branches!
I would say that many of the foundational principles of physics, either classical mechanics or modern quantum theories, would be incomplete without Pi. The Pi emoji π is a key mathematical constant that lends a hand to physicists to describe phenomena of circular and periodic motion, waves, and fields.
Pi Sign Greek
The Pi sign is the 16th letter in the list of Greek alphabets. There are a couple of reasons why Pi π was picked to represent this particular mathematical constant. Essentially, the term means “perimeter” or “periphery” which shows its employment in measuring the circumference of circles.
The use of Greek letters to represent mathematical constants and variables is common, and π is, I think, the most famous of all. It’s now universally recognized in mathematics and is a symbol of mathematical precision, used not just in geometry, but in physics, engineering, and even computer science.
Value of Pi
As you know Pi is mostly used in Maths so I’d prefer to guide you about the value of Pi using Math. Pi’s value is expressed in 2 ways:
- Value of Pi in a fraction
- Value of Pi in decimal
Lemme make it crystal clear for you:
Pi’s value in decimal is everlasting and non-repeating. I am writing down some Pi digits in a limited space for your ease but writing all digits would be like counting stars in the sky.
The following table shows how the Pi value is expressed in fractions and decimals.
Expression way | Value |
Fraction | 22/7 |
Decimal | 3.14159 |
Since Pi π is an irrational number, we can’t express it exactly as a fraction or a decimal. The value of Pi in fractions is 22/7 and is more commonly used than decimals.
The value of Pi is also represented as 355/113 and this is more accurate and matches the exact value of Pi to six decimals. This fraction is called “superior approximation” and was discovered by Chinese mathematician Zu Chongzhi back in the 5th century.
Pi can’t be written as a simple fraction because it’s an unusual/irrational number. 22/7 and 355/113 are two popular fractions that are pretty close to its actual value, which makes them handy for everyday use.
How is Pi Calculated?
Pi is calculated using its formula π = Circumference/Diameter or π = 3.14159 = 22/7. Now, put your attention here cuz I am gonna guide you with an easy-peasy example. Starts here:
If I want to figure out a circle’s circumference, I’d go with the formula C=πd. In this case, C is the circumference, π is about 3.14, and d stands for the circle’s diameter. In case you dunno the diameter, just multiply the radius by two to figure it out.
Another way to get the circumference/circle’s edge length is C=2πr, where r is radius. Example: If a circle’s radius is 4 inches, its full width (diameter) must be 8 inches.
Use the formula C=πd by replacing d with 8 (diameter), so it’ll be C=3.14×8. At the end, multiply Pi (3.14) by 8 to get the circle’s circumference: 25.12 inches. So, did you understand? I’m pretty confident you do as this example is quite straightforward. And I doubt you’ll find a simpler example.
Wrapping Things Up
To sum it up, the symbol of Pi, ‘π’, is a basic mathematical constant that has captivated humanity for centuries. With its roots traced back to ancient Greece, Pi has become an iconic representation of mathematical accuracy, prevalent in today’s mathematics, physics, and engineering.
Pi has irrational and transcendental attributes, whose billionth digit is yet to be determined; still, it maintains a great mystery that mathematicians and scientists find inspiration in.
When you are a pupil, an instructor, or just a merely inquisitive person, you should know that numerous insights and discoveries are generated from the understanding of Pi as well as its applications.
Consequently, every time you find the Pi emoji think about this simple Greek letter’s great past, mathematical importance, and practical relevance. | <urn:uuid:4a660289-82a2-4199-b237-861fce644abb> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://backwards3.info/pi-symbol/ | 2024-10-13T20:26:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.906627 | 4,600 | 3.34375 | 3 |
by Chaplain Julia Rajtar, MAPS, BCC
When we first heard the words, “You are dying”, the world seemed to stop, sadness felt overwhelming and we wished the world would pause, just for a while. After the initial shock, both the mind and heart were trying to work collaboratively and coherently, attempting to come to grips with the devastating news. Over time, as we watched our special person’s health decline, we also watched their abilities diminish. With the bad news, with each decline, both they and we were grieving, often without even recognizing it.
Anticipatory grief, also known as anticipatory mourning, is a term used by various professionals to describe a response to loss before the loss. Anticipatory grief can be protective, allowing someone to move through difficult emotions and to prepare for the loss to come emotionally. Therese Rando, PhD defines anticipatory grief as:
“…the phenomenon encompassing the process of mourning, coping, interaction, planning, and psychosocial reorganization that are stimulated and begun in part in response to the awareness of the impending loss of a loved one and the recognition of associated losses in the past, present, and future,” (Rando, 1986a).
Preparing for the death of a person naturally evokes many thoughts and emotions, yet there are other losses a caregiver observes as the special person declines in health. Some of these losses can include loss of physical abilities, loss of dignity, loss of ability to do things that were meaningful, and loss of hopes and dreams. It can also refer to preparing one for a future loss, such as the death of a loved one, an upcoming job loss, moving, starting a new school, etc.
Experiencing anticipatory grief before the death or loss occurs does not mean an individual will not grieve again after the death. For some, it can diminish the grieving after a death, while for others, the grief is new and different once the loss is final. There are no steadfast rules. Each person will grieve in their own way because grief is as individual as each snowflake. If we didn’t love, we wouldn’t grieve.
Some ways to cope with anticipatory grief, which can also be helpful for coping with grief after death, include:
Let Yourself Grief – grief is natural and normal. Allow yourself to grieve, whether through expressing emotions or through activity.
Support Systems – stay connected with those who may be experiencing similar losses and reach out to them regularly. Especially at this time, surround yourself with what you need to both be a caregiver (if this is your role) and to grieve.
Taking Care of Yourself – if a caregiver, one of the first things we sacrifice is our own health.
As much as possible, take care of yourself by exercising, eating right, and getting sleep.
Create More Memories – while able, create more meaningful memories with your special person.
Anticipatory Grief Image. Instagram @grieving.room, Let’s Talk About Anticipatory Grief, Grieving While We Get Ready to Grieve. https://www.instagram.com/grieving.room/. Accessed 10/4/2023.
Becher, Emily and Krekelberg, Emily. Anticipatory grief. https://extension.umn.edu/stress-and-change/anticipatory-grief. University of Minnesota Extension. 2022. Accessed 10/4/2023.
Cowan Snyder, Diane., Managing Anticipatory Grief. https://www.hospicewr.org/Western-Reserve-CareLink/May-2015/Managing-Anticipatory-Grief. Hospice of the Western Reserve. May 2015. Accessed 9/23/2023.
Developed from Journeys with Grief: A Collection of Articles about Love, Life and Loss, edited by Kenneth J. Doka, Ph.D., MDiv., copyright Hospice Foundation of America, 2012. Coping with Grief before and after a Death. https://hospicefoundation.org/Grief-(1)/Caregiving. The Hospice Foundation of America. Accessed 9/23/2023.
Rando, Therese A., Ph.D., Clinical Dimensions of Anticipatory Mourning, Therese Rando, Editor, Research Press, IL, 2000. | <urn:uuid:cab392dd-9b68-43d6-8f81-0afa92f5d01a> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://bakken-young.com/anticipatory-grief/ | 2024-10-13T19:39:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.937835 | 919 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Introduction to Sooke’s Photographic Heritage
The Sooke Region Museum holds a treasure trove of 9,500 photographs, meticulously organized and digitized, with over 7,000 images accessible to the public online. These photographs span various eras and offer a window into the region’s past. The museum’s commitment to digital preservation ensures that these historical snapshots are preserved for future generations, making them readily available for educational and research purposes.
Digital Accessibility and Community Contributions
Embracing the era of digital technology, the Sooke Region Museum encourages the donation of both physical and digital photographs. All physical contributions are carefully preserved, with the collection featuring both originals and reproductions. For history buffs and curious visitors, the museum provides a direct link to their extensive archive on their official website, where users can browse and even order prints of historical images.
Engaging the Community with Sooke’s History
Photographs serve as invaluable resources for researchers, genealogists, and anyone interested in the visual history of Sooke. They capture detailed elements of past life, from attire and environments to the expressions of people caught in everyday moments. The museum leverages social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram to share these images, sparking community interaction and collective reminiscence. Such engagement helps enhance the archive’s accuracy and enriches the local historical narrative.
Curator’s Corner: Connecting with the Community
In a recent installment of the museum’s “Curator’s Corner,” a notable photograph from 1960 featuring a class from Sooke Elementary School was showcased. Although the individuals in the photo remain unidentified, the museum has issued a call to the community for any information, enhancing the personal connection to the region’s shared history. This approach not only helps in identifying the subjects in the photographs but also strengthens community bonds and fosters a deeper appreciation for Sooke’s rich heritage.
Through initiatives like these, the Sooke Region Museum not only preserves the visual history of the area but also actively involves the community in the ongoing story of their shared past. This interactive archive serves as a dynamic testament to Sooke’s cultural and historical landscape, encouraging exploration, discovery, and connection among its residents and beyond. | <urn:uuid:ae1973df-2787-48ff-a5d5-482514e5e7d6> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://beinglive.org/campus-life-launches-reframes-campaign-highlights-stories-of-overcoming-obstacles/ | 2024-10-13T20:43:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.904864 | 463 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Looking for information about the Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus? You’re in the right place! This article will provide you with all the necessary details you need to know, without any unnecessary fluff. The Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus is an essential resource for students preparing for their exams. It outlines the topics, themes, and skills that will be covered in the English curriculum. So, if you’re a student or someone interested in understanding the English syllabus for Lahore Board’s 12th class, keep reading to find out more.
Lahore Board 12th Class English Syllabus
The Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus is an important framework that outlines the topics, concepts, and skills that students will learn in their English course. This syllabus is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the English language, literature, and communication skills needed for higher education and professional careers. In this article, we will explore the different sections of the Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus and discuss how students can effectively prepare for their exams.
Section 1: Reading Skills
Reading skills form the foundation of language comprehension and are crucial for academic success. In this section, students will focus on improving their reading abilities through various types of texts such as fiction, non-fiction, essays, and articles. The topics covered in this section may include:
– Reading comprehension strategies
– Understanding main ideas and supporting details
– Identifying literary devices and figurative language
– Analyzing character development and plot structure
– Examining themes and symbolism
To excel in this section, students should practice reading different genres of literature, annotate texts, and develop critical thinking skills to analyze and interpret the content effectively. Regular reading of English newspapers, magazines, and literature can also help improve vocabulary and comprehension.
Section 2: Writing Skills
Effective writing skills are essential for expressing thoughts, ideas, and arguments clearly and logically. This section of the syllabus focuses on enhancing students’ writing abilities through various types of writing tasks such as essays, reports, letters, and applications. The topics covered in this section may include:
– Understanding the structure and organization of different types of writing
– Developing a thesis statement and supporting arguments
– Improving grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure
– Using appropriate vocabulary and tone for different writing purposes
– Editing and revising written work for clarity and coherence
To excel in this section, students should practice writing regularly, pay attention to grammar and punctuation rules, and seek feedback from teachers or peers for improvement. Developing a habit of reading published essays and articles can also enhance writing skills by exposing students to different writing styles and techniques.
Section 3: Grammar and Vocabulary
A strong foundation in grammar and vocabulary is crucial for effective communication in English. This section of the syllabus focuses on building students’ understanding of grammar rules and expanding their vocabulary. The topics covered in this section may include:
– Parts of speech and their usage
– Tenses and verb forms
– Sentence structure and punctuation
– Word formation and derivation
– Synonyms, antonyms, and idiomatic expressions
To excel in this section, students should practice grammar exercises, memorize vocabulary lists, and apply their knowledge in speaking and writing activities. Engaging in conversations with fluent English speakers, watching English movies or TV shows, and reading extensively can also help students improve their grammar and vocabulary skills.
Section 4: Literature
The study of literature plays a vital role in developing critical thinking, empathy, and aesthetic sense among students. This section of the syllabus introduces students to literary works from different periods and genres, fostering an appreciation for literature and improving their ability to analyze and interpret texts. The topics covered in this section may include:
– Understanding literary devices and techniques
– Analyzing poetry, prose, and drama
– Exploring the historical and cultural context of literary works
– Interpreting themes and symbols in literature
– Comparing and contrasting different literary works
To excel in this section, students should read the prescribed literary texts carefully, take notes on important themes and symbols, and participate actively in classroom discussions. It is also beneficial to read critical essays or analyses of literary works to gain a deeper understanding of the texts.
Section 5: Novel
The study of a novel is an integral part of the Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus. This section focuses on reading and analyzing a complete novel to develop students’ comprehension skills and encourage critical thinking. The topics covered in this section may include:
– Understanding the plot, characters, and themes of the novel
– Analyzing the author’s writing style and narrative techniques
– Examining the social, cultural, or historical context of the novel
– Interpreting symbols and motifs
– Comparing the novel with other literary works
To excel in this section, students should read the assigned novel thoroughly, take notes on important characters and events, and actively participate in classroom discussions. Analyzing the novel’s structure, themes, and character developments can help students write insightful essays or answer comprehension questions effectively.
Section 6: Media and Communication Skills
In today’s digital age, media and communication skills are vital for effective interaction and expression. This section of the syllabus focuses on developing students’ ability to analyze media texts, understand media ethics, and improve their oral communication skills. The topics covered in this section may include:
– Understanding different types of media (print, electronic, social)
– Analyzing media bias and persuasive techniques
– Developing public speaking and presentation skills
– Engaging in group discussions and debates
– Enhancing listening and speaking skills through audiovisual resources
To excel in this section, students should actively engage with different forms of media, critically analyze advertisements or news articles, and practice public speaking or debating. Watching English news channels, listening to podcasts, and participating in language clubs or extracurricular activities can also enhance communication skills.
The Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus provides a comprehensive framework for students to develop their language, literature, and communication skills. By effectively engaging with the different sections of the syllabus, students can enhance their reading, writing, grammar, vocabulary, and critical analysis abilities. Regular practice, active participation in classroom activities, and seeking guidance from teachers or peers will contribute to a successful journey through the 12th grade English course. With a strong command of the English language, students will be well-prepared for higher education and future professional endeavors.
12th Class English Pairing Scheme 2023 – 2nd Year English Paper Pattern 2023
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the syllabus for Lahore Board 12th class English?
The syllabus for Lahore Board 12th class English covers various aspects of the English language including grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, and writing skills. It includes reading and analyzing different types of texts, writing essays, letters, and stories, and developing communication skills.
What are the main topics covered in the Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus?
The main topics covered in the Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus include literature, comprehension passages, grammar rules, vocabulary building, and writing skills. Students will study and analyze different genres of literature, such as poetry, drama, and prose, while also enhancing their writing and analytical skills.
How can I prepare for the Lahore Board 12th class English exam?
To prepare for the Lahore Board 12th class English exam, you can start by thoroughly studying the prescribed textbooks and understanding the concepts, grammar rules, and vocabulary. Practice solving comprehension exercises, writing essays, and letters. It is also beneficial to read English newspapers, articles, and books to improve your overall language skills.
Are there any recommended study resources for the Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus?
Yes, there are several recommended study resources for the Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus. You can refer to the prescribed textbooks provided by the board. Additionally, there are various guidebooks, sample papers, and online resources available that can help you practice and understand the topics covered in the syllabus.
What is the weightage of the Lahore Board 12th class English exam?
The weightage of the Lahore Board 12th class English exam can vary each year, but generally, it carries a significant percentage of the total marks. It is important to perform well in the English exam as it contributes to your overall grade and can impact your future academic and career prospects.
The Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus offers a comprehensive curriculum designed to enhance students’ English language skills. The syllabus covers various aspects, including literature, grammar, writing, and comprehension. It provides a structured approach for students to develop their reading, writing, speaking, and listening abilities. With a focus on both literature and language, the syllabus encourages critical thinking and analysis through the study of different literary genres and texts. By following the Lahore Board 12th class English syllabus, students can strengthen their English proficiency, paving the way for success in higher education and future endeavors. | <urn:uuid:fded18e8-c052-4ae7-9af3-50d53dd28221> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://bisemultan.pk/lahore-board-12th-class-english-syllabus/ | 2024-10-13T19:16:13Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.929931 | 1,877 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Why do we speak differently? Different Swedish dialects Posted by Katja on Jan 5, 2014 in Swedish Language
There are some areas of Sweden where the Swedish language hasn’t really been affected very much by the standard language and which still can be traced back to what is often referred to as Old Norse. In Swedish these dialects are usually called sockenmål or bygdemål.
This is a documentary made quite a few years ago, judging by the clothes, fashion and the quality of the filming. It is also in Swedish, which won’t be any problem for those of you who understand a faster tempo, and might be good practice for those of you almost there. The documentary is about different Swedish dialects and possible reasons for them. All in all a very interesting perspective on language.
The Swedish dialects have been divided into six or seven main groups. These groups don’t have strict geographical borders, they are mainly divided into groups for pedagogic reasons.
- Norrländska mål
- Gotländska mål or Gutamål
- Östsvenska mål
- Sydsvenska mål
- and then what is called Gnällbältet.
1000 years ago the Swedish language didn’t exist. Everybody in Scandinaiva, from Iceland in the west to Gotland in the east spoke what is in Swedish called Fornnordiska, in English Old Norse. Big natural obstacles like lakes, seas, forests or mountains prevented people from traveling very far and so just like the whispering game, where one person starts off saying a word, and their neighbour whispers what they heard to their neighbour the original word gradually changes. The exact thing can be said for the language in different areas around Scandinavia. This was sort of reinforced by the fact that different villages and areas had different laws. There were no boundaries, official leaders or languages which meant that dialects were just different, there wasn’t a right or a wrong.
However, when Sweden was united to one country people started feeling slightly more belonging to their country instead of their village as was the case before. It was also at this time that something called Rikssvenska started coming about. Rikssvenska literally means Rikets Svenska, the kingdom’s Swedish. And was spoken where the leader ruled from. Many years of differentiating between “correct” Swedish meaning Rikssvenska and “incorrect” Swedish (many of the dialects) and during some periods even forbidding anything but what was spoken in Stockholm.
If you are interested in hearing the differences between dialects and their speakers then you should definitively check out this site. Recordings of 4 different people speaking the same dialect have been made as a part of a research/conservation project. Recordings in over 100 different dialects all recorded with an older woman, older man, younger woman and younger man speaking.
Go for it people!
Build vocabulary, practice pronunciation, and more with Transparent Language Online. Available anytime, anywhere, on any device. | <urn:uuid:fd681529-3712-4eca-8c03-4855e4f39a22> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://blogs.transparent.com/swedish/why-do-we-speak-differently-different-swedish-dialects/ | 2024-10-13T20:08:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.970164 | 657 | 3.453125 | 3 |
PTE is an acronym that stands for Pearson Test of English. You may have heard this a lot if you are a student or a professional looking for an overseas opportunity. PTE has the same purpose as IELTS or TOEFL. It intends to test your English skills. In this article, you will find all you need to know about PTE.
Branches of PTE
Just like IELTS, PTE has an academic and a General branch. Academic is for those who wish to pursue a foreign degree or a professional opportunity. The General branch is for those who wish to work overseas or test their language learning progress.
PTE Academic is accepted widely in the US, the UK, Australia, and Canada. This version is accepted in New Zealand and Australia for jobs and immigration.
On the other hand, countries such as Latvia, Ukraine, Poland, Spain, Greece, Lithuania, Switzerland, and others accept the PTE General for study and work purposes.
PTE Academic has two years validity, but PTE General result has a non-expiring validity.
Frequency, Duration, and Format
Depending on the testing center, you can sit for PTE Academic every month. However, if you want to take the General test, it is available in February, May, June, October, November, and December.
The General version lasts for 1.5 to 3 hours max, but the Academic version lasts for 3 hours.
You need to take tests on speaking, listening, writing, and reading in both cases. However, in the General version, tests are intermingled. You do not have separate modules for reading and listening. There are two main parts – speaking and writing.
Within the writing test, you will be tested for reading and listening. Out of 100 points for the complete General exam, you get 20 points for the speaking part and 80 points for the writing part.
The speaking section is divided into two tasks, weighing 10 points each. In the writing section, you will have to attempt 40 different listening, reading, and writing components. 2 points are allocated for each component.
The listening and reading components are distributed into five segments – picture-based multiple-choice and matching names to pictures. The reading component has four segments – matching items, matching revelation and words to pictures, and filling in the gaps.
The speaking component is divided into question and answer and a short talk.
In the Academic PTE, you can get a maximum of 90 marks if you answer all the questions correctly. Your communicative skill will be judged based on your performance in the listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections.
Your enabling skill will be judged based on your pronunciation, grammar, oral fluency, written discourse, and spelling.
Academic Scoring System
In the Academic PTE, you have two types of scoring – partial credit and correct/incorrect. If you give a partially correct answer, you will get a partial credit; for a fully correct answer, you will get a full mark; and for a wrong answer, you will get a zero mark. Hope, All you need to know about PTE You Got to know that. Good luck! | <urn:uuid:609d2e8a-3062-4b3e-83b3-00f6e4a498df> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://bongiyo.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-pte/ | 2024-10-13T19:52:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.949694 | 654 | 2.703125 | 3 |
What are academic/instructional standards?
Standards are instructional guidelines stating the knowledge and skills students should possess in specific subjects at different grade levels. California adopted its first statewide set of standards in English language arts and math in 1997.
What are the Common Core State Standards?
The Common Core State Standards are national instructional standards adopted by nearly every state in the U.S., centered on the idea that students from California to Florida should graduate high school equally capable of succeeding in college and careers. The standards are not curriculum – schools and teachers still devise curriculum customized to the needs of their students.
Who came up with the Common Core State Standards?
The idea was discussed as early as 2007 by the Council of Chief State School Officers. In 2008, the council and the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices released a report advising states to upgrade their standards by adopting a “common core” of internationally benchmarked standards in math and English language arts. In 2009, the groups launched the Common Core State Standards Initiative. The completed standards were presented to states in mid-2010.
Who is using the Common Core State Standards?
As if June 2014, 43 states, Washington D.C., the Department of Defense and most U.S. territories have adopted the standards. Minnesota adopted only the English language arts standards. Texas, Alaska, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Indiana, Virginia and Puerto Rico have not adopted either standard. California modified the standards during its adoption.
What, specifically, do the Common Core State Standards attempt to accomplish?
The standards stress deep academic knowledge, skills in writing, reading, listening and speaking, and in applying math techniques, as well as the ability to apply their knowledge and skills to real-world situations. The standards emphasize critical thinking and collaborative learning, in which students often work in teams and help drive their own education – as opposed to memorizing reams of material presented by teachers in lectures.
What are the Common Core State Standards based on?
The standards draw from existing state standards, education research and review of the standards in national and international assessments. In English language arts, designers looked at the National Assessment of Education Progress. In math, they looked at the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study.
How do the Common Core State Standards alter English language arts instruction?
Technically, these standards are known as the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects. That’s an important distinction because while the bulk of the changes they make are in English language arts, they are also generating changes in these other subject areas in grades six through 12.
The standards require that students become adept at closely reading increasingly complex texts – dubbed a “staircase of complexity” – as they prepare for college and careers. They also mandate a focus on academic vocabulary, urging growth of that vocabulary through conversation, direct instruction and reading. The Common Core emphasizes teaching students to read, write and speak based on evidence in the texts they read, including non-fiction, informational texts.
This is a shift away from previous practices in which students were asked to answer questions based on how texts relate to their experiences.
Under the Common Core, non-fiction, informational texts are expected to make up half of the reading of students in grades one through five – including materials from history/social studies, science, technical studies and the arts. In older grades, literary nonfiction is also included – another shift – though literature continues to form the basis of actual English language arts classes.
Related to the use of informational texts, students are to build their knowledge through content-rich nonfiction. Student are to practice these skills in classes throughout the school day.
For example, the standards require that first-grade students learn to “describe characters, settings, and major events in a story, using key details” while they require sixth-graders in science learn to “Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts.”
California modified the standards to fit with the state’s specific needs. One such change: Keeping cursive writing.
For more information, go to: www.corestandards.org/other-resources/key-shifts-in-english-language-arts.
How do the Common Core State Standards change math instruction?
First, the Common Core calls for a greater focus on fewer topics. In grades K-2, students focus on the concepts, skills and problem solving related to adding and subtraction. Multiplication and division are the focus in grades three through five; ratios, proportional relationships and early algebraic expressions arrive in grades six and seven; rational numbers are added in grade seven; linear algebra and linear functions arrive in grade eight.
The standards generally delay algebra 1, which had been an eighth-grade focus for many California schools, until high school. But the subject also becomes more complex due to the shifting of concepts that are taught under the algebra 1 umbrella. Students who master the pre-algebra material taught through seventh grade will still be able to take algebra 1 in eighth grade. Students who don’t take algebra 1 in eighth grade will typically take a course that includes a significant share of algebra concepts more rigorous than non-algebra eighth-grade math courses previously taught.
The standards also emphasize linking topics and thinking across grades, focusing on a coherent progression from grade to grade.
Classes are to pursue conceptual understanding, procedural skills and fluency, and application with equal intensity.
Conceptual understanding indicates understanding of key concepts, including place value or ratios. This means understanding why formulas and calculations work the way they do.
Procedural skills and fluency indicate speed and accuracy in calculation.
Application indicates students can apply their math skills to situations requiring that knowledge, not merely to classroom problems.
For more information, go to: www.corestandards.org/other-resources/key-shifts-in-mathematics.
How did schools prepare for the change to the Common Core State Standards?
California’s 2010 adoption of the Common Core Standards gave districts four years to prepare for the instruction changes. But the state had additional steps to take: it needed to devise curriculum frameworks, a tool used to guide schools in implementing the standards. The frameworks lay out specific goals year by year, grade by grade, subject by subject. California adopted its math framework in November 2013 and an English language arts framework in July 2014. Math textbooks aligned with the Common Core were recommended in January 2014, but English language arts books will not be recommended until fall 2015.
The state also adopted a new standardized testing system based on the Common Core standards.
That timeline – speedier than the state’s usual processes – meant school districts needed to update their existing curriculum to prepare for implementation in fall 2014
School districts formed teams of curriculum leaders, teaching coaches and teachers to create Common Core-aligned lesson plans and curriculum guides between the 2010-11 academic year and 2013-14. The schools consulted with universities, education experts and foundations to refine their approaches. In English language arts, many of the changes focused on adding non-fiction elements to court curricula and refocusing discussions and writing assignments based on existing texts. In math, schools re-ordered the information students were taught, in some cases buying supplemental lesson modules from textbook publishers to fill gaps.
Schools also launched intensive teacher training, although some efforts were hampered by state budget cuts that prompted districts to eliminate teacher development days to save money.
Some districts adopted textbooks with attached lesson plans and assignments without waiting for state recommendations, drawing on the experience of school districts in states that implemented the Common Core before California. Others waited for the state’s official list of recommended Common Core textbooks in math to adopt books; still others decided to test new math books in 2014-15 or later, rather than disrupt the preparations also conducted to adjust educational approaches.
How is the state changing its standardized tests?
California has adopted a set of Common Core-aligned tests developed by the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium, one of two multi-state groups funded by the U.S. Department of Education to create such exams. The assessments use computer adaptive testing, which means they adjust the question difficulty based on each students’ answers – providing clear indicators of their strengths and knowledge bases. To prepare for the tests, districts have been ramping up their technology, wiring schools for internet access and purchasing new computers for testing.
The tests include essay style questions in English language arts and math questions that stress conceptual understanding, procedural fluency and real-world applications.
California conducted a small pilot for the tests in spring 2013, followed by the nation’s largest field test, involving more than 3 million students in grades three through eight and grade 11 in spring 2014. The tests will be given officially for the first time in spring 2015.
Some school stakeholders have reservations about the standardized tests.
For more information, go to: www.smarterbalanced.org.
What about history and science?
Common Core State Standards focused on English language arts and math because those areas develop skills used in other subject areas. The standards do not change history and science instruction as such, but do spell out reading, writing, speaking and listening skills to be learned and practiced in those classes.
Are any other state or national standards changes coming?
Yes. There are nationwide efforts underway to revise science, language and arts instruction. California is also working to update its history/social science standards.
Science: The science program is called the Next Generation Science Standards, and is being developed with the help of the National Research Council and National Science Teachers Association, among others. California helped develop the standards and adopted them, with some modifications, in 2013. The state is now working to develop a curriculum framework.
Language: The National Standards for Learning Languages Standards have been aligned with the Common Core by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. California adopted its standards in 2009.
Arts: Led by the National Coalition for Core Arts Standards, these new standards were given public review in 2014. The coalition is now seeking teachers to pilot assessments based on the standards. California adopted its art content standards in 2001 and a curriculum framework in 2004.
History/social studies: California began work on a revised curriculum framework in 2008, but suspended them in 2009 when the legislature passed a bill halting all such changes to curriculum. In 2014, the state was allowed to take up the standards again. A final version is expected in winter 2015. The state last adopted standards in 1998.
June 2010: Common Core State Standards Initiative releases the final version of its standards for English language arts and math, an effort that took three years from conception to completion.
August 2010: California State Board of Education adopts the Common Core State Standards for math and English language arts. California is the 29th of 43 states to adopt the standards.
January 2013: State Board of Education modifies the math standards.
March 2013: State Board of Education modifies the English language arts standards.
November 2013: State Board of Education adopts a framework for math instruction, a tool that guides schools in developing curriculum and instruction.
January 2014: State Board of Education recommends 31 Common Core-aligned math textbook programs for use by K-12 schools. For the first time, schools may choose textbook materials from the list or conduct independent reviews of other materials.
March 2014: California receives federal permission to skip mandated state testing and reporting in English language arts and math so it can field test Common Core-aligned standardized tests from the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium. The tests are given to more than 3 million California students in the largest such field test ever conducted.
July 2014: State Board of Education adopts a framework for English language arts instruction, including a framework for English language development for English learners.
Fall 2014: California schools required to fully implement Common Core State Standards in math and English language arts. Many schools prepared for the change assigning teams of teachers to update lesson plans and repeatedly revising the plans to ensure maximum effectiveness.
Spring 2015: California students take their first official round of Common Core-aligned English Language arts and math standardized tests.
“The Common Core State Standards are our next best step in education. We are using all that we know, including what has worked and not worked for the last 12 years. The combination of CCSS and 21st Century Skills is opening new possibilities in the classroom and preparing our students not only for the present, but for the future. The future is here.”
Harris is a 28-year teacher and Common Core implementation coach in the Piner-Olivet Union School District, a former regional director of the California Reading and Literature Project at Sonoma State University and member of the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. She helped review Common Core English language arts standards during their development and helped California modify the standards to fit the state’s needs.
Remarks in interview by Learning First Alliance, a Virginia-based non-profit educational partnership
“They put teachers back in control of crafting and tailoring the education of their students. Critical thinking skills can now be part of our students’ educational foundation, and we can decide how to best teach that.”
California Teachers Association
“The world is changing. For our students to be ready for careers and college, our schools must change, too. Policy makers can debate the pace of change, but outside our schools, in the world of work, there’s no signs things are slowing down.”
Tom Torlakson, State Superintendent of Public Instruction
Remarks, CTA video, 2013
“We’ve reached a real turning point for California schools, I believe. We’re on a path to preparing all our students to be career and college ready, to closing the achievement gap, to narrowing the digital divide. We’re on a path to a smarter, stronger California. Much more to do, but working together we’ll get there.”
Tom Torlakson, State Superintendent of Public Instruction
Implementing the Common Core: Reports from the Field, July 1, 2014
“These standards have the capacity to change education in the best of ways – setting loose the creativity and innovation of educators at the local level, raising the bar for students, strengthening our economy and building a clearer path to the middle class…. I believe the Common Core State Standards may prove to be the single greatest thing to happen to public education in America since Brown versus Board of Education.
Arne Duncan, U.S. Education Secretary
Remarks at the American Society of News Editors Annual Convention, Capital Hilton, Washington, D.C., 2013
“The Common Core is better aligned to college and career-ready standards than the prior efforts. Students who do well in the Common Core should be able to succeed in college. And we’re seeing it as for all students, and not just the group that’s going on to four-year colleges but for all sorts of post-secondary education, community colleges, specialized training programs and things of that sort.”
Michael Kirst, State Board of Education president, Stanford University professor emeritus
Remarks during an October 2012 interview for the Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education
“For the first time in a generation, nearly every state has answered our call to raise their standards for teaching and learning. Some of the worst schools in the country have made real gains in math and reading.”
President Barack Obama
Remarks during 2012 speech to Democratic National Convention | <urn:uuid:0bd34c3d-64b4-49a2-88d8-1edf4bc80a37> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://caschoolnews.net/ig_tag/common-core/ | 2024-10-13T20:08:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.951342 | 3,211 | 3.71875 | 4 |
How can I help my teen child deal with depression? Where can I learn how to support the mental health challenges of newcomer youth? Are there free mental health services in Ontario for adolescents? If questions similar to these are troubling you, you are not alone. Often newcomer youth are impacted by immigration-related stress, isolation, discrimination, language barriers, and cultural prejudices while resettling in a new country. The journey for immigrant youth in Canada who relocate as international students can be worse and emotionally turbulent, considering they navigate the hiccups alone. According to a Canadian Medical Association Journal report, emergency rooms often become the first point of contact for immigrant youth for immediate help. But the good news is if the challenges are identified early, and the young person gets adequate intervention, coping becomes easier, and emergency room visits during crises can be aborted. Let us take you step-by-step through the key pointers, using which you will be better equipped to help newcomer refugee and immigrant youth deal with their mental health struggles.
Myths about mental health issues of immigrant youth
Stigmas and myths about mental health often act as barriers for caregivers and immigrant youth to seek help with mental wellness. That makes it all the more critical to debunk those misconceptions so that you can ask for help, share your problems and raise the alarm when appropriate.- Mental health challenges can’t be resolved: Professionals with education, training, and expertise are involved in designing counselling programs and treatment of the symptoms. There are historical data that prove the efficiency of the treatment when applied appropriately.
- A youth outgrows mental health issues, which are merely tantrums: Early detection and intervention can help families understand the causes and deal with the problems. If ignored and left untreated, the symptoms can aggravate and escalate into a situation of crises, including self-harm, loss of life, and harm to others.
- A young person who struggles with mental health reflects bad parenting: Sometimes environmental factors such as finance, familial relations, trauma and abuse trigger behavioural issues among immigrant youth. However, bad parenting can’t lead to neuro-genetic disorders or developmental delays. Instead, extensive mental health strategies and affirmative support from parents can ease the symptoms and help the youth cope with the situation better.
- Everyone will know about my issues if I seek counselling support: Any social service organization or mental health clinic will keep your information confidential and not share it with anyone else without your consent.
- My citizenship application can be impacted if I use social services- All provinces, including Ontario, have mental health resources for youth and children. Suppose you are using government funding to access therapies, respite or any other support services. In that case, your application will not be discriminated against.
- My troubles reflect my weak personality- For regaining mental wellness, it is crucial to seek treatment or counselling at the early onset of symptoms. People with strong personalities can also struggle with their mental health, and both are unrelated. It is rather courageous to ask for help and look for a solution when you are not okay. | <urn:uuid:ea590a7b-03c1-46d5-a44d-73edfcdbbb56> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://ccsyr.org/2023/11/08/how-to-support-mental-health-challenges-of-newcomer-youth/ | 2024-10-13T20:56:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.944977 | 620 | 2.953125 | 3 |
TAKESHI HATTORI, a former Sony electronics executive who now consults on semiconductor cleaning, described a high-tech future for the practice of cleaning silicon wafers at last month's Semicon West trade show in San Francisco. He sees environmentally friendly cleaning based on solvents such as supercritical carbon dioxide and even nanotweezer tools that remove unwanted particles from wafer surfaces.
Hattori's vision may be realized someday, but for now the job of keeping wafers clean during the semiconductor fabrication process is decidedly more prosaic. Computer chip makers use a witch's brew of acids, solvents, chelating agents, surfactants, and corrosion inhibitors to remove photoresists, polishing slurries, metal residues, and other debris generated during the multistep process of creating transistors and circuitry on top of a silicon wafer.
These cleaning mixtures are supplied by the electronics divisions of a number of chemical companies. Leaders in the field include Air Products & Chemicals, DuPont, ATMI, and Mallinckrodt Baker, although numerous other firms vie for market share. Analysts at Semiconductor Equipment & Materials International, the trade association that hosts Semicon, estimate that the global market for cleaning and other wet chemicals used in semiconductor fabrication was worth about $905 million last year, up almost 7% over 2005.
Big or small, all industry players face a multipronged challenge. They have to develop formulas that gently but effectively clean the new materials that are being introduced in the most advanced chips, including copper circuitry, hafnium oxide transistor insulators, and carbon-doped silicon oxide dielectrics. At the same time, they must respond to customer demands for lower cost products that meet environmental regulations.
"It's not just about meeting technical needs," said Douglas J. Holmes, director of worldwide marketing and product management at DuPont EKC Technology, speaking to C&EN at Semicon. "It's also environmental, and many products don't meet customers' environmental standards anymore."
A case in point is a class of cleaning formulas called post-etch residue removers. A key step in the chip-making process is the creation of circuit lines by applying a thin layer of photoresist to a silicon wafer, exposing the resist to light shone through a photomask, dissolving the exposed resist, and then depositing metal into the newly created grooves. The leftover resist is typically burned away by a plasma-etching technique; the residue is washed off with post-etch residue removers.
IN 2001, chip makers started switching the circuit line metal in their most advanced chips from aluminum to copper. They soon found that they also needed new post-etch residue remover formulas because, among other things, the hydroxylamine solvent that cleans aluminum so well tends to corrode copper.
Chris Reid, an applications engineer at DuPont EKC, told a Semicon technical session that the initial formulas for removing copper residue were based on fluorinated compounds and organic solvents. But, he said, customers soon started clamoring for products that don't contain N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, or other unwanted solvents.
DuPont EKC won a technology innovation award at Semicon for CuSolve EKC520, an aqueous cleaner designed to remove photoresist ash as well as trace copper oxide and organometallic copper compounds. And because it's water-based, EKC520 doesn't need to be followed by a solvent-removal rinse step. Reid said EKC520 was developed in cooperation with a leading contract chip maker in Asia.
As Holmes and Reid well know, winning an award is not the same as winning business, and DuPont faces competition from several directions. John Bubel, director of surface preparation technologies at ATMI, claims that his company is the market leader in post-etch residue removal products for copper-based chips, and it plans to stay that way.
Although ATMI executives are aware that regulatory authorities in Europe and elsewhere are cracking down on the use of certain solvents, Bubel said his company doesn't plan to go totally solvent-free. "We don't limit ourselves to aqueous or solvent technologies," he said. "Our goal is to solve customers' problems, and two customers at the same technology node could have two completely different sets of needs."
DuPont also faces newcomer General Chemical, which is entering the post-etch residue removal market on a cost-cutting platform. Best known as a supplier of simple high-purity acids and solvents, General started selling formulated cleaning products in 2000 following the acquisition of Moore Enviro-Chemical. Since then, the company has come out with photoresist removers and other cleaning and stripping formulas.
At Semicon, the company was promoting a new series of low-cost aqueous residue removers marketed under the PMD name. Robert Rovito, a former Air Products scientist who joined General about a year ago as product development director, said his company has streamlined product formulas by using multifunctional ingredients that combine, for example, buffering as well as chelating. As a result, he claimed, General can sell its residue removers for up to 50% less than the $60-$70 per gal that other companies charge.
According to Rovito, relentless customer demand for lower prices is turning formulated electronic chemicals into commodities, albeit extremely high-purity commodities, just like the acids and solvents that General has long sold to the semiconductor industry. Competitors, though, aren't responding to this market demand, he said. "The products currently on the market have a lot of components and are very complex. They are expensive to make and expensive to support."
COST CONCESSIONS are already apparent in older cleaning chemistries, such as residue removers for aluminum circuitry. At Semicon, ATMI was promoting Ideal Clean 815, a fluoride-based formula for aluminum post-etch residue removal developed jointly with Anji Microelectronics, a Shanghai-based electronic materials company. ATMI product literature promises "substantially lower cost of ownership."
Mallinckrodt Baker played a variation of the cost card with the announcement of plans to expand production of its ALEG-380 photoresist stripper and residue remover. The company isn't making overt low-price claims, but Gary Dailey, global marketing manager for integrated circuit materials, asserted that ALEG-380 saves money by delivering a yield improvement of more than 3% to electronics customers. The company adds that the product's lack of fluorinated compounds and hydroxylamine eliminates many health, safety, and waste disposal concerns.
In fact, Mallinckrodt and ATMI both emphasize that their aluminum cleaners don't contain hydroxylamine, a semiconductor cleaning chemical that is patented by DuPont EKC and licensed only to Air Products. Dailey acknowledged that hydroxylamine-based products lead the aluminum market, but he said customers are looking for alternatives. The chemical is expensive—BASF is the world's only producer—and must be followed by an intermediate rinse step.
In addition to post-etch residue removers, chemical makers at Semicon were pushing cleaners used after chemical mechanical planarization (CMP), an increasingly popular semiconductor processing step in which silicon wafers covered with unfinished chips are immersed in an abrasive-containing slurry and pressed against a spinning polymeric pad. The pad/slurry system smoothes and levels the wafer, but it leaves a watery film of metal and chemical particles, just as traditional sanding leaves a layer of dust.
Ashutosh Misra, director of materials development at Air Liquide Electronics U.S., said his firm has been developing post-CMP cleaners for copper-based chips for the past four years and doing business with a major semiconductor firm for the past two. Air Liquide chose Semicon to step up marketing of the products, which it sells under the CuClean name.
Planarizing and then cleaning aluminum circuitry was relatively simple, Misra pointed out, because aluminum is self-passivating, meaning it forms a thin oxide layer that prevents further corrosion by water. The oxide layer that forms on copper, in contrast, offers less robust protection and must be complemented with corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole (BTA).
The catch is that BTA forms a multilayer film that threatens to cause copper delamination during subsequent high-temperature wafer processing steps. According to Misra, Air Liquide's CuClean products can be formulated to leave a minimal amount of BTA or even completely remove it by replacing the inhibitor with a non-BTA alternative. Other ingredients help remove abrasive particles and organics, he added.
Earlier this year, Air Liquide opened a CMP applications and development laboratory at its Dallas wet chemicals facility to accelerate post-CMP cleaner development. The lab's cleanroom houses metrology equipment and a Mirra Mesa CMP machine from semiconductor equipment supplier Applied Materials. "Air Liquide has been investing heavily in this area," said Scott Zentack, the company's CMP business manager. "Other companies, I'm not so sure."
Patrick X. Murphy, business manager for electronic formulated products at Air Products, countered that his company's investments have catapulted it into a wide variety of semiconductor materials markets-more so than any other firm. One advantage of this position, Murphy added, is an unequaled view of how various semiconductor materials and fabrication steps interact.
For example, Murphy noted, Air Products supplies dimethoxymethylsilane and a companion pore-generating material, which some chip makers are using to create a porous insulator around their copper circuit lines.
After customers use CMP to polish the copper, Air Products can follow up with post-CMP cleaners such as its CP72B, which contains wetting agents to improve contact with the hydrophobic insulator. The company also sells novel ancillary products like its OptiPattern surface conditioner. This product uses surfactants to keep capillary force from causing ultrathin circuit lines to collapse during cleaning.
OTHER FIRMS are working with partners to improve their purview of the semiconductor landscape. A week before Semicon, DuPont announced that it has joined the Belgian electronics research center IMEC as an industrial affiliate. During an initial two-year program, DuPont EKC will provide resident technical staff to IMEC and work with the center in developing new post-CMP cleaning chemistries and post-etch residue removers.
DuPont's Holmes explained that IMEC will provide the tools to electrically characterize the fragile insulating material both before and after post-CMP cleaning. "Semiconductor makers are typically very guarded with the information they give out," he said. "With IMEC, we can assess our products over the next few generations of chips."
Zentack would argue that Air Liquide's new labs and equipment can carry out the same kind of analysis. But, like General's Rovito, he cautions against getting too carried away by sophisticated technologies and cleaning formulas. "If a simpler chemistry works, why have a more complicated one?" he asked. "Because no matter how complex this industry is, it is cost-driven at the wafer level." | <urn:uuid:97dd1c1c-1244-4377-a8a9-c28905bc5343> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://cen.acs.org/articles/85/i32/Cleaning-Electronics.html | 2024-10-13T21:18:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.957763 | 2,365 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Sleeping More on Weekends: A new study presented on Sunday at the European Society of Cardiology Congress in London suggests that compensating for sleep loss over the weekend can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease.
Many people get insufficient sleep during the workweek, hoping to recover the lost sleep—often referred to as “sleep debt”—on the weekends. The Cleveland Clinic explains that “sleep debt” is the difference between the amount of sleep the body needs, typically seven to eight hours per night, and the actual amount of sleep one gets.
Sleeping More on Weekends, According to NBC News, cardiovascular researchers based in China conducted a study showing that individuals who slept more during the weekend were 19% less likely to develop heart disease compared to those who got less additional sleep. Previous research has established a link between insufficient sleep and poorer health outcomes, but there has been limited research on the impact of extra weekend sleep on heart health.
Researchers at the Fuwai Hospital’s Infectious Diseases Laboratory and the Beijing Cardiovascular Disease Center analyzed data from 190,930 participants in the UK Biobank project to explore the relationship between heart disease and “recovered sleep” on weekends. Participants reported their sleep hours, and the findings revealed that one in five participants suffered from sleep deprivation, getting less than seven hours of sleep per night.
Sleeping More on Weekends Reduces Heart Disease Risk
Sleeping More on Weekends, In this study, participants were divided into four groups based on the amount of extra sleep they got on weekends. The researchers tracked the participants’ health over almost 14 years through hospital records and death certificates to see if they developed heart disease. They found that those who slept more during the weekend, averaging between one to sixteen extra hours, had a 19% lower risk of developing heart disease compared to those who got the least amount of extra sleep on weekends.
Sleeping More on Weekends, However, this study has limitations, as it only suggests a correlation between extra weekend sleep and reduced cardiovascular risk without proving a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Dr. Mohammed Adil Rishi, an associate professor of medicine at Indiana University School of Medicine, pointed out that the study did not account for other factors that could influence the results.
Experts suggest that getting a few extra hours of sleep on the weekend may help offset the accumulated “sleep debt” from the week. A 2019 study also highlighted the link between sleep patterns, unhealthy eating, and weight gain. Dr. Rishi noted that while longer weekend sleep can reduce fatigue and sleepiness, it does not entirely eliminate the risk of obesity in those who are sleep-deprived.
Sleeping More on Weekends, A recent Gallup poll indicated that only 42% of U.S. adults get enough sleep, with 57% saying they would feel better if they could sleep more. This highlights the widespread issue of sleep deprivation and the potential health benefits of catching up on sleep during the weekend. | <urn:uuid:075d6cfd-5872-4ca4-93e5-54bc15e6d3a5> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://chashmak.com/health-and-beauty/sleeping-more-on-weekends/ | 2024-10-13T20:08:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.959207 | 617 | 2.953125 | 3 |
The Cold Agglutinin Test and How It Works
How does the cold agglutinin test work?
An increase in antibodies called cold agglutinins causes CAD. These are antibodies that bind to red blood cells in cold temperatures, causing them to clump together. The immune system then targets the clumped cells for destruction. Most people have very low levels of cold agglutinins, but infections can sometimes cause levels to rise. Some people develop CAD as an autoimmune disease, though the reasons for this are not clear.
The cold agglutinin test measures the levels of cold agglutinins in a patient’s blood. The clinician takes a blood sample from the patient and separates it into several vials. Each portion of the sample is then diluted to a different level, and cooled overnight to determine at what dilution the patient’s blood clots.
How do I prepare for a cold agglutinin test?
You don’t need any special preparation for a cold agglutinin test. Your doctor will arrange for you to give a small blood sample at your local clinic or hospital.
Test results are generally available as a titer — the dilution at which clumping occurred. They appear as 1:64, for example. The larger the second number, the more cold agglutinins are present. A titer value greater than 1:512 is usually found in patients with CAD, with rare cases reportedly having a value as low as 1:64.
When the test results become available, your doctor will discuss them with you as well as any treatments you may need.
What are the risks?
Every medical procedure has some risks. However, the risks of giving blood for a test are generally very small. You might feel dizzy or lightheaded during a blood draw, and there is a small risk of bleeding and infection at the needle injection site.
Last updated: July 10, 2020
Cold Agglutinin Disease News is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. | <urn:uuid:ea5ba653-b980-4dd6-91b3-f3093539f156> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://coldagglutininnews.com/2020/07/09/cold-agglutinin-test-and-how-it-works/ | 2024-10-13T19:51:06Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.945056 | 505 | 3.28125 | 3 |
When a bubble bursts at the surface of a liquid, it creates a jet that may break up and produce jet droplets. This phenomenon has motivated numerous studies due to its multiple applications, from bubbles in a glass of champagne to ocean/atmosphere interactions. We simulate the bursting of a single bubble by direct numerical simulations of the axisymmetric two-phase liquid-gas Navier-Stokes equations.We describe the number, size, and velocity of all the ejected droplets, for a wide range of control parameters, defined as nondimensional numbers, the Laplace number which compares capillary and viscous forces and the Bond number which compares gravity and capillarity. The total vertical momentum of the ejected droplets is shown to follow a simple scaling relationship with a primary dependency on the Laplace number. Through a simple evaporation model, coupled with the dynamics obtained numerically, it is shown that all the jet droplets (up to 14) produced by the bursting event must be taken into account as they all contribute to the total amount of evaporated water. A simple scaling relationship is obtained for the total amount of evaporated water as a function of the bubble size and fluid properties. This relationship is an important step toward building a physics-based model of the ocean-atmosphere water vapor fluxes controlled by bubbles bursting at the surface.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Computational Mechanics
- Modeling and Simulation
- Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes | <urn:uuid:dbf351ef-c8ae-4a03-a094-1683a7150592> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/role-of-all-jet-drops-in-mass-transfer-from-bursting-bubbles | 2024-10-13T20:04:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.891751 | 304 | 2.953125 | 3 |
The vinyl record, a cherished form of music delivery for over a century, has experienced a significant resurgence in popularity over recent years. Part of the allure of vinyl is its tactile nature:
The large album covers.
The ritual of placing the needle in the groove.
The warm, rich sounds that emanate from the speakers.
But even more fascinating is the journey these records take from the recording studio to our living rooms. Let's dive into the fascinating process of creating vinyl records, from recording to pressing.
The journey of a vinyl record starts in a recording studio where musicians perform their compositions. With the help of audio engineers' performances are captured with microphones, amplified, and recorded onto magnetic tape or a digital audio workstation. Each instrument is recorded onto its track, allowing for detailed editing and mixing in the post-production phase.
Once the recording process is completed, the tracks are mixed into a stereo or mono format, then mastered. Mastering is the final step in the audio production process, where the tracks are balanced and optimized for the listening medium, in this case, a vinyl record. This involves applying equalization, compression, and other audio enhancements.
The mastered audio is then etched onto a lacquer disk, a process known as cutting. The grooves etched onto the lacquer represent the sound waveforms of the recorded music. This lacquer is then metal-plated to create a 'mother,' which is a negative image of the grooves on the lacquer. The 'mother' is then used to press multiple 'stampers,' which are positive copies used for pressing the vinyl records.
Vinyl records are then pressed in a hydraulic press from PVC pellets heated to about 300 degrees Fahrenheit. The heated PVC, now a biscuit, is placed between the A-side and B-side stampers, and when pressed, the grooves from the stampers are imprinted onto the softened PVC.
Once the pressing process is complete, the records are cooled, trimmed, and inspected for quality. They are then labeled, sleeved, and packaged for shipment. From there, they go to retail stores and online markets, ready to be purchased and appreciated by music lovers worldwide.
It's a fascinating process that combines artistry, science, and a bit of magic, culminating in a beautiful product that carries music and a piece of history. | <urn:uuid:56629789-6ad6-4b8c-b75d-cece183c2f2c> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://colorfulvinyl.com/blogs/color-vinyl-records-blog/from-studios-to-living-rooms-the-journey-of-vinyl-records | 2024-10-13T20:31:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.948647 | 482 | 3.234375 | 3 |
If you have recently received new dental വെനീറുകൾ, you may be relieved to learn that the same steps you take to care for your natural teeth will also help protect your വെനീറുകൾ. The following are the steps you should take.
Table of content
Maintain Your Teeth
The health of your വെനീറുകൾ is only as good as the health of your natural teeth and gums. Brush your teeth at least twice a day, floss at least once a day, and rinse with mouthwash at least once a day, just as you would with natural teeth. Keeping your teeth and gums healthy will help your വെനീറുകൾ last longer (and your smile).
To protect your വെനീറുകൾ, switch to non-abrasive toothpaste if you’re currently using abrasive toothpaste.
Take your time While chewing
You shouldn’t have to worry about chewing on normal foods because your veneers are designed to function similarly to your natural teeth, but chewing on ice, fingernails, hard candies, or toothpicks can cause your veneers to chip or crack. Avoid putting non-food items in your mouth, and chew slowly in case you bite into a small piece of bone or ice.
Keep Stains Away From Your Veneers
Foods known to stain both natural teeth and veneers, such as red wine, coffee, dark sodas, berries, and tea, should be limited or avoided. If you smoke, quitting can help prevent permanent staining as well as provide a slew of health benefits.
We understand that avoiding these foods and drinks entirely can be difficult, so it’s okay to indulge occasionally, but rinse or brush as soon as possible afterward. This simple step can also aid in the prevention of discoloration and the preservation of your new smile.
Put on a mouthguard.
While accurate statistics on the prevalence of dental injuries are difficult to come by, some studies suggest that up to 80% of athletes have suffered a sports-related dental injury. While the majority of these injuries happen in contact sports, they also happen in non-contact sports and are more likely to happen when a mouthguard isn’t worn. മൗത്ത് ഗാർഡ് ധരിക്കുന്നു while participating in sports, regardless of the perceived level of risk, can help protect your new veneers.
Deal with Clenching and Grinding
Clenching or grinding your teeth at night can harm both your natural teeth and your veneers. If your ദന്തഡോക്ടർ does not mention it first, bring it up with him or her so that a night guard can be made to protect your new smile from nighttime damage.
Maintain Your Regular Dental Appointments
Once you’ve had your veneers installed, it’s critical to visit your ദന്തഡോക്ടർ every six months (or as previously scheduled – some patients require cleanings more frequently) for routine cleanings and exams. In most cases, the sooner your ദന്തഡോക്ടർ detects a small cavity or other problems, the more treatment options you’ll have.
Do you still have questions or are you ready to move forward? Our caring, knowledgeable staff is eager to assist you in getting started. Find your nearest Dental clinic today to make an appointment with one of our dentists. | <urn:uuid:19087343-a790-4759-9852-1ed424828b12> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://dental.cx/ml/how-to-care-for-dental-veneers/ | 2024-10-13T20:02:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.926808 | 936 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The Hidden Impact of Tongue Tie: What You Should Be Aware Of
Tongue tie, medically known as ankyloglossia, may seem like a minor issue, but its implications can be profound. This condition, characterized by a tight lingual frenulum restricting tongue movement, affects speech development, feeding, oral health, and emotional well-being. Early recognition and intervention are very important for minimizing long-term challenges. This blog explores the various aspects of tongue tie, offering insights into its symptoms, impacts, treatment options, and the importance of timely care. Grasping these factors is essential for making informed decisions and improving overall quality of life.
Understanding Tongue Tie
This is a condition where the lingual frenulum, a band of tissue below the tongue, is unusually tight or thick. This restricts the tongue’s mobility, affecting its ability to perform normal functions such as sticking out past the lips or moving freely. Tongue tie can vary in severity, impacting speech articulation, feeding, and oral hygiene. Early identification and management are crucial to mitigate potential complications and support optimal oral and overall development, especially in infants and young children.
Types of Tongue Tie
There are two primary types of tongue tie:
- Anterior Tongue Tie: In this type, the lingual frenulum attaches or sticks closer to the tip of the tongue, restricting its movement primarily at the front.
- Posterior Tongue Tie: Here, the attachment of the lingual frenulum is further back towards the base of the tongue. This type of tongue tie can restrict more extensive movements of the tongue, impacting its range of motion and functionality.
Symptoms and Signs of Tongue Tie
Symptoms and signs of tongue tie can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common indicators include:
- Difficulty Sticking Out the Tongue: Infants may have trouble extending their tongue beyond the lower gums or lips.
- Digestive Issues: In some cases, infants with tongue tie may experience excessive gas or colic-like symptoms during feeding, which could be related to inefficient swallowing.
- Speech Development Issues: Delayed speech milestones or difficulty articulating certain sounds can be noticeable in older children or adults.
- Inability to Clean the Mouth: Limited tongue mobility may make it challenging to clean teeth and gums effectively, potentially affecting oral hygiene.
How Tongue Tie Affects Communication?
Tongue tie can significantly impact speech development and communication skills due to its effect on tongue mobility and function. Here’s how it affects communication:
- Delayed Speech Development: Children with tongue tie may experience delays in speech milestones, such as forming words and sentences. The restricted tongue movement can hinder the ability to move the tongue freely and make necessary speech sounds.
- Articulation Issues: Difficulty in pronouncing certain sounds, especially those requiring precise tongue movements like “l,” “r,” “t,” and “d,” is common. This can lead to speech impediments or unclear speech patterns.
- Fluency Challenges: Tongue tie may contribute to difficulties in fluent speech production, affecting the rhythm and flow of conversation.
- Social and Academic Impact: Speech challenges can impact social interactions and academic performance, potentially affecting self-esteem and confidence.
Feeding Challenges: The Role of Tongue Tie in Breastfeeding and Bottle-Feeding
Tongue tie can present significant challenges during breastfeeding and bottle-feeding, affecting infants and their caregivers. Here’s how tongue tie impacts feeding:
- Poor Latch: Infants with tongue tie may strive to latch onto the breast correctly or properly due to limited tongue movement. This can result in nipple pain, discomfort, and inadequate milk transfer.
- Inefficient Milk Removal: A poor latch can result in inefficient milk removal, causing frustration for both the baby and mother and potentially leading to inadequate weight gain in the infant.
- Increased Nipple Trauma: Due to improper latch and suction, breastfeeding mothers may experience sore, cracked, or bruised nipples, which can impact their breastfeeding experience.
- Seal and Suction Issues: Babies with tongue tie may find it challenging to create a proper seal around the bottle nipple, leading to difficulty maintaining suction during feeding.
- Feeding Efficiency: Inefficient feeding due to tongue tie can result in longer feeding sessions and increased air intake, potentially causing discomfort and gas for the infant.
Impact on Maternal Experience
- Emotional Stress: Persistent feeding difficulties can cause emotional stress and anxiety for breastfeeding mothers, impacting their bonding experience with the baby.
- Challenges with Exclusive Breastfeeding: Tongue tie may necessitate supplementation with pumped milk or formula to ensure adequate nutrition for the baby.
Long-Term Effects of Untreated Tongue Tie
Untreated tongue tie can lead to various long-term oral health concerns, impacting children and adults. Here’s how it can affect oral health:
- Dental Misalignment: Restricted tongue movement can affect tooth positioning, leading to gaps between teeth or misalignment of dental arches. This may necessitate orthodontic treatment later in life to correct alignment issues.
- Gum Recession and Periodontal Issues: Difficulty in maintaining proper oral hygiene due to limited tongue mobility can raise the risk of plaque buildup, gum disease, and eventual gum recession.
- Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Issues: Compensatory movements and muscle tension caused by tongue tie can contribute to TMJ disorders, leading to jaw pain, headaches, and functional impairments.
- Chronic Oral Irritation: In cases of untreated tongue tie, the restricted movement of the tongue may cause constant friction or pressure against the teeth, gums, or other oral tissues. This chronic irritation or discomfort can lead to the development of sores, ulcers, or areas of inflammation within the mouth.
- Compromised Oral Function: Limited tongue mobility may impact various oral functions beyond speech and eating, including licking, sucking, and maintaining oral hygiene practices.
Diagnosis and Assessment
Diagnosing or detecting tongue tie involves a thorough examination by a dentist, often involving observation of tongue mobility and assessing the lingual frenulum’s attachment. Various tools and techniques, such as the Hazelbaker Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function, help assess the severity and functional impact of tongue tie. Early diagnosis allows for timely intervention and improved outcomes.
Treatment Options for Tongue Tie
Treatment options for tongue-tie depend on the seriousness of the condition and its impact on daily functions. Here are the main approaches:
- Frenotomy (Frenectomy): A minor surgical procedure where the tight or thick lingual frenulum is clipped or lasered to release the tongue and improve mobility. It’s often performed in infants and children under local anesthesia.
- Frenuloplasty: A more complex procedure than frenotomy involving reshaping or reconstructing the frenulum to increase tongue mobility. This may be considered for severe cases or when frenotomy isn’t sufficient.
- Speech Therapy: Regarding older children and adults, speech therapy can help improve articulation and overcome speech challenges caused by tongue tie.
- Oral Exercises: These are the specific exercises prescribed by a dentist in Suffern, NY, to strengthen tongue muscles and improve function.
Post-Treatment Care: Ensuring Successful Outcomes After Tongue Tie Procedures
Post-treatment care is crucial for ensuring successful outcomes following tongue-tie procedures. Here’s what to do:
- Wound Care: Follow the dentist’s instructions regarding wound care and hygiene to aid in healing and prevent infection.
- Follow-up Appointments: Attend scheduled or prearranged follow-up visits with your Suffern family dentist to monitor healing progress and handle any concerns or complications promptly.
- Nutrition and Hydration: Upkeep a balanced diet and adequate hydration to support overall healing and oral health.
- Oral Hygiene: Upkeep good oral hygiene practices to prevent infection. Gently clean the surgical site with a soft toothbrush or cloth.
- Avoid Irritants: Stay away from things that might irritate the treated area, like spicy foods, carbonated beverages, and tobacco, to prevent discomfort and promote healing.
Understanding the complexities of tongue tie is crucial for proactive care and better outcomes. Recognizing early signs, seeking professional evaluation, and exploring suitable treatment options can help individuals manage challenges associated with tongue tie. Whether addressing speech development issues, feeding difficulties, or long-term oral health concerns, early intervention is key to enhancing overall well-being. Are you concerned about tongue tie? Contact Dental Wellness of Suffern for personalized care and expert tongue-tie dentistry near you. Take the first step toward improving oral health and overall well-being. | <urn:uuid:6956dc5e-dd42-46b8-abfd-4e8dcb206394> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://dentalwellnessofsuffern.com/the-hidden-impact-of-tongue-tie-what-you-should-be-aware-of/ | 2024-10-13T18:54:44Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.90595 | 1,820 | 3.25 | 3 |
Enhanced movement of this secondary macronutrient means a stronger cell wall and healthier membrane function, improved crop quality and yield, plus so much more.
Commercial growers are well-versed in the understanding that their crops require certain nutrients in the right amounts to thrive. Outside of the macronutrients that ensure vigor and vitality—nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium or NPK—calcium, a secondary macronutrient, is necessary for flower set and development, bloom longevity, and managing many other essential plant functions. Calcium also provides some unique challenges. Even with proper soil and foliar applications, the nutrient may not be transported to the places where the plant needs it most during key demand growth and development stages. “Calcium is one of those nutrients that is considered ‘immobile,’ meaning it struggles to be transported in adequate quantities to certain portions of the plant,” says Patrick Clark, Technical Product Development Manager at BioSafe Systems. “Calcium is primarily taken up with water in the transpiration stream, which moves in the xylem of the plant. Since calcium is not readily mobile due to low concentrations inside living cells, it creates a deficit in certain parts of the plant, such as flowers, fruit or tightly structured vegetative portions like cabbage, ornamental kale, or head lettuce.”
Top Enhancing Calcium Availability and Distribution
Because calcium is critical for cell wall development, mitigating diseases and problems related to deficiencies (bitter pit, hollow heart, etc.), minimizing flower abortion, maximizing shelf life at retail and more, growers must ensure proper mobility. This is most important during rapid growth stages where the plant’s demand for calcium far exceeds its ability to meet that need. While it may be tempting to pour on the calcium products, there’s a better way. “BioSafe Systems’ CalOx® FT is designed to improve the mobility and distribution by stimulating calcium ion transport channels in the cell membrane,” Clark explains. “It’s not meant to be a replacement for a nutritional product. Instead, it enhances calcium mobility and distribution by using CaT Technology™ to open the symplastic pathway that allows calcium to enter through the cell membrane and move directly through cells. This increases calcium concentration and improves localized calcium movement beyond the immediate application site.”
CalOx FT works in conjunction with nutritional products to boost plant health, vigor, and development. The product shouldn’t be applied with the nutrient product though, as it may not bode well in mixes that are chelated with slow-release technologies. CalOx FT can, however, be tank mixed with pesticides. This reduces the number of sprays, as pesticides also need to be applied during rapid growth stages. When used correctly, CalOx FT saves growers time, money, and resources.
“The real take-home message when it comes to any fertility program is that if you’re seeing visual symptoms of a nutritional deficiency, you’ve already reduced the quality of your crop and your yield,” Clark says. “In ornamentals, aesthetics is everything. The slightest blemish can reduce the likelihood that someone is going to take that plant home with them. Waiting until you see a problem is a dangerous proposition in comparison to making a small, upfront investment to improve your crop performance.”
As seen in Greenhouse Grower. | <urn:uuid:cda43456-31c8-40aa-9db6-5ccb6f5e746a> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://dev.biosafesystems.com/news/the-importance-of-proper-calcium-mobility-and-distribution-in-plants/ | 2024-10-13T21:02:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.922691 | 701 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Diamond Medical Clinic
SCAR TISSUE SOLUTIONS
Understanding Scar Tissue From The Inside Out
It is a natural human response for the body to create scar tissue in response to physical harm. The body naturally strives to repair wounds by developing this sort of tissue, whether it’s internal scarring from a physical injury, cuts, burns, sores like acne, or the leftovers of scar tissue after surgery.
Scarred tissue, however, is less flexible than healthy skin or tissue, and it can impede mobility while also producing discomfort. Furthermore, scarred tissue that grows on the skin’s outer surface might be unsightly. It’s no wonder, therefore, that many individuals desire to know how to remove scar tissue.
WHAT IS SCAR TISSUE?
Scarred tissue differs from normal, healthy skin in that the collagen proteins develop in just one direction, making the tissue less elastic. Collagen proteins produce multidirectional threads in healthy skin, allowing it to remain flexible and elastic as we move.
It’s crucial to understand that not all scarring is visible on the outside. Overuse injuries, such as Golfers Elbow, can cause it to develop in the joints of professional and amateur sports, as well as persons whose jobs involve repetitive motions.
NON SURGICAL HELP FOR SCAR TISSUE IS AVAILABLE IN SAN ANTONIO, FL
WHAT CAUSES SCAR TISSUE PAIN?
Scarred tissue may not be visible right away, especially if the injury is inside. Damage to the skin is mainly what causes pain and inflammation after a burn, cut, or visible sores such as acne.
As the healing process progresses and fibrous tissue forms, the region above the initial incision may become elevated, thick, and rigid, resulting in decreased flexibility and mild to severe discomfort.
Long-term scar tissue pain difficulties might arise from the accumulation of fibrous tissue beneath the skin, where tendons and ligaments, and nerves are.
“Fibrosis is the end result of chronic inflammatory reactions induced by a variety of stimuli including persistent infections, autoimmune reactions, allergic responses, chemical insults, radiation, and tissue injury.” (J Pathol, 2009).
WHAT DOES SCAR TISSUE PAIN FEEL LIKE?
SCAR TISSUE PAIN SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE:
- Itching and burning sensations in the area of the scar
- Tenderness and sensitivity in the scarring area
- Inflammation or swelling at the site of the damage
- Warmth in the affected region
- Inability to move the damaged joint
Treating scar tissue pain, as well as learning how to remove fibrous tissue beneath the skin, is critical for patients seeking medical help for pain, discomfort, and mobility concerns.
TREATMENT FOR MODERATE TO SEVERE SCAR TISSUE PAIN
Physical therapy can help break up scar tissue around joints. Learning joint exercises and stretches can help reduce stiffness and lessen discomfort caused by scarring. This is also an excellent approach to learn and practice appropriate techniques for specific motions in order to avoid future damage and the formation of extra fibrous tissue.
Laser therapy is a skin-penetration treatment that encourages the development of healthy collagen. This therapy procedure is unlikely to entirely remove scarred tissue, but it can be an effective way to lessen mild irritation, discomfort, and enhance mobility.
Corticosteroid injections have been demonstrated to be useful in alleviating pain caused by tissue scarring. Steroids are an extremely potent anti-inflammatory, however the drawback of these injections is that steroids can harm adjacent, healthy tissue, perhaps leading to severe injury. While some patients respond immediately to steroid injections, others require many administrations over a few weeks, increasing the risk of harming good tissue.
Acoustic Wave therapy -AWT – transmits impulse pressure waves deep into wounded and scarred tissue in order to break up damaged tissue on a cellular level. The device uses sonic pressure pulses to stimulate the formation of new blood vessels to the damaged area, allowing for faster healing than any other conventional procedure. And unlike surgery or injections, AWT is a completely non-invasive treatment with zero down time. | <urn:uuid:815a8c70-cb83-48f7-b4d8-7a574cdfd6d3> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://diamondhealth.us/scar-tissue/ | 2024-10-13T19:33:08Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.926616 | 886 | 2.9375 | 3 |
When it comes to European cuisine, Northern European cuisine often gets overlooked in favor of its Mediterranean and French counterparts. However, Northern European cuisine has a rich culinary tradition that is worth exploring. From hearty stews to delicate seafood dishes, this region offers a diverse range of flavors and ingredients. In this article, we will delve into the world of Northern European cuisine, exploring its history, key ingredients, and popular dishes.
The History of Northern European Cuisine
The history of Northern European cuisine is deeply rooted in the region’s climate and geography. With long, cold winters and a limited growing season, the people of Northern Europe had to rely on preserving techniques such as smoking, pickling, and fermenting to ensure a steady food supply throughout the year.
One of the most iconic preservation methods in Northern European cuisine is smoking. Smoking not only preserved the food but also added a distinct flavor. Smoked fish, such as herring and salmon, are staples in countries like Sweden and Finland. These fish are often enjoyed with rye bread and pickled vegetables, creating a perfect balance of flavors.
Pickling is another important technique in Northern European cuisine. Pickled cucumbers, beets, and cabbage are commonly found on the dinner table. They add a tangy and refreshing element to the meal and are often served as a side dish or used as a topping for open-faced sandwiches.
Fermentation is also a key aspect of Northern European cuisine. Sauerkraut, a fermented cabbage dish, is popular in countries like Germany and Poland. It is often served alongside sausages or as a topping for hot dogs. Fermented dairy products, such as yogurt and kefir, are also commonly consumed in Northern Europe.
Key Ingredients in Northern European Cuisine
While each country in Northern Europe has its own unique culinary traditions, there are certain key ingredients that are commonly used across the region:
Potatoes: Potatoes are a staple in Northern European cuisine. They are used in a variety of dishes, from creamy mashed potatoes to crispy potato pancakes.
Root Vegetables: Root vegetables like carrots, parsnips, and turnips are often used in stews and soups. They add a hearty and earthy flavor to the dishes.
Seafood: Given the region’s proximity to the sea, seafood plays a prominent role in Northern European cuisine. Fish like herring, salmon, and cod are commonly enjoyed. Smoked and pickled fish are particularly popular.
Rye Bread: Rye bread is a staple in Northern European cuisine. It has a dense and hearty texture, making it the perfect accompaniment to soups, stews, and pickled dishes.
Dairy Products: Dairy products like butter, cheese, and sour cream are widely used in Northern European cuisine. They add richness and creaminess to dishes.
Game Meat: In regions with a strong hunting tradition, game meat like reindeer, venison, and wild boar are commonly consumed. These meats are often used in hearty stews and roasts.
Popular Dishes in Northern European Cuisine
Now let’s explore some popular dishes in Northern European cuisine:
Swedish Meatballs: Swedish meatballs are a classic dish that has gained international popularity. These flavorful meatballs are typically made with a mixture of ground beef and pork and are served with lingonberry sauce and creamy mashed potatoes.
Finnish Salmon Soup: This hearty soup is a staple in Finland. It is made with fresh salmon, potatoes, and dill, resulting in a comforting and flavorful dish.
Irish Stew: Irish stew is a traditional Irish dish that is made with lamb or mutton, potatoes, carrots, and onions. It is slow-cooked to perfection, resulting in tender meat and rich flavors.
Danish Smørrebrød: Smørrebrød is an open-faced sandwich that is popular in Denmark. It typically consists of rye bread topped with various ingredients like pickled herring, smoked salmon, cold cuts, and vegetables.
Scottish Cullen Skink: Cullen skink is a traditional Scottish soup made with smoked haddock, potatoes, onions, and cream. It is a comforting and creamy dish that is perfect for a cold day.
German Sauerkraut and Sausages: This classic German dish combines sauerkraut, sausages, and potatoes. It is a hearty and satisfying meal that is often enjoyed with a side of mustard.
Northern European cuisine may not always receive the recognition it deserves, but it offers a wide range of delicious and comforting dishes. From the smoky flavors of smoked fish to the tangy pickled vegetables, there is something for everyone to enjoy. So, the next time you are looking to explore European cuisine, don’t forget to give Northern European cuisine a try! | <urn:uuid:2699f514-2ace-4281-be66-98d846686469> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://diversedaily.com/exploring-the-rich-flavors-of-northern-european-cuisine/ | 2024-10-13T19:22:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.959409 | 994 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Social Implications of Zinc Mining: A Community Perspective
Zinc mining is an essential industry that plays a crucial role in the global economy. However, like any extractive industry, it has social implications that can significantly impact the communities in which it operates. In this article, we will explore the social implications of zinc mining from a community perspective.
1. Economic Impact
One of the most significant social implications of zinc mining is its economic impact on local communities. Zinc mining operations often bring employment opportunities, which can stimulate economic growth in the region. The industry creates jobs not only directly in the mining sector but also in supporting industries such as transportation, construction, and services.
However, the economic impact of zinc mining is not always positive. The industry is subject to fluctuations in global zinc prices, which can lead to job losses and economic instability in mining communities. When zinc prices are low, mining companies may be forced to reduce their workforce or even shut down operations, leaving many local residents unemployed and struggling to make ends meet.
2. Environmental Concerns
Another significant social implication of zinc mining is its impact on the environment. The extraction and processing of zinc ore can result in the release of harmful pollutants into the air, water, and soil. These pollutants can have adverse effects on the health and well-being of the local community.
For example, the release of sulfur dioxide during the smelting process can contribute to air pollution, leading to respiratory problems and other health issues for nearby residents. The discharge of wastewater from mining operations can contaminate local water sources, affecting both human and aquatic life.
Furthermore, the disruption of land and habitat caused by mining activities can have long-term ecological consequences. This can result in the loss of biodiversity and the destruction of natural resources that local communities rely on for their livelihoods.
3. Social and Cultural Impact
Zinc mining can also have significant social and cultural implications for local communities. The arrival of a mining operation often brings an influx of workers from outside the community, which can lead to social tensions and conflicts. The sudden increase in population can strain local infrastructure and services, such as housing, healthcare, and education.
Moreover, the cultural heritage of indigenous communities can be threatened by mining activities. Many mining operations take place on ancestral lands, which hold deep cultural and spiritual significance for indigenous peoples. The destruction of these lands can result in the loss of cultural identity and traditional practices.
Additionally, the presence of a mining operation can disrupt traditional livelihoods, such as farming and fishing, which are often essential to the local economy. This can lead to the loss of traditional knowledge and practices, as well as economic hardships for those who rely on these activities for their sustenance.
The social implications of zinc mining from a community perspective are complex and multifaceted. While the industry can bring economic opportunities to local communities, it also poses significant challenges in terms of environmental impact, social tensions, and cultural preservation.
It is crucial for mining companies to engage in meaningful dialogue with local communities and stakeholders to address these social implications effectively. This includes implementing sustainable mining practices, mitigating environmental damage, and investing in community development initiatives.
By taking a community perspective into account, zinc mining can be conducted in a way that minimizes its negative social implications and maximizes its positive contributions to local communities. | <urn:uuid:aeacefdf-d008-4f72-8991-bd55ecd10e90> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://diversedaily.com/the-social-implications-of-zinc-mining-a-community-perspective/ | 2024-10-13T19:39:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.951505 | 675 | 3.359375 | 3 |
History of Cigarette Globalization
The globalization of cigarette brands has been a long and complex process that dates back to the early days of tobacco trade and exploration. Cigarette smoking, in its current form, began in the late 19th century and quickly spread to various parts of the world due to trade and colonization. The development of trade routes and the popularity of tobacco as a cash crop led to the spread of cigarette smoking across the globe.
Impact of Globalization on Cigarette Brands
Globalization has had a significant impact on cigarette brands, leading to the widespread availability and consumption of various brands in different countries. The expansion of multinational corporations and the opening of international markets have allowed cigarette companies to promote their brands on a global scale. This has led to the standardization of cigarette products and the homogenization of smoking habits among different cultures. Dive deeper into the topic with Read this interesting content recommended external content. Cheap Cigarettes, uncover fresh viewpoints!
Technological Innovations in Cigarette Manufacturing
The globalization of cigarette brands has also spurred technological innovations in the manufacturing process. Advanced machinery and automation have allowed cigarette companies to mass-produce their products with increased efficiency and precision. Additionally, the development of electronic cigarettes and vaping devices has revolutionized the tobacco industry, providing alternative products for consumers.
Health Implications of Globalized Cigarette Brands
The globalization of cigarette brands has not been without controversy, particularly regarding the health implications of widespread smoking. The increased availability of cigarette products and aggressive marketing strategies have been associated with higher rates of smoking-related illnesses in many parts of the world. This has sparked global health initiatives aimed at reducing tobacco consumption and implementing regulations on cigarette advertising and sales.
The Future of Cigarette Globalization
Looking ahead, the globalization of cigarette brands is likely to continue evolving with the advancement of technology and changes in consumer behavior. The rise of e-commerce and digital marketing has opened up new channels for cigarette companies to reach consumers worldwide. Additionally, shifting attitudes towards smoking and increased awareness of the health risks associated with cigarette consumption may influence the future landscape of the tobacco industry.
In conclusion, the globalization of cigarette brands has been a complex and multifaceted process with far-reaching impacts on the global economy, public health, and technological advancements within the tobacco industry. As the world continues to adapt to new trends and regulations, the future of cigarette globalization remains a topic of interest and debate among policymakers, public health advocates, and industry stakeholders. Unearth further specifics about the topic with this external source. Cheap Cigarettes, enhance your comprehension of the subject. | <urn:uuid:1c16da11-7ece-4742-b925-23b08efde719> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://diywireless.net/3324-the-globalization-of-cigarette-brands-52/ | 2024-10-13T19:30:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.933998 | 519 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Table tennis, commonly known as ping pong, has gained recognition not only as a recreational sport but also as a potential ally in the prevention of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. The dynamic nature of the game, coupled with its mental and physical demands, has led researchers to explore the therapeutic benefits that table tennis might offer in preserving cognitive function.
Studies suggest that engaging in mentally stimulating activities can have a positive impact on brain health and may contribute to a reduced risk of developing conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. Table tennis, with its fast-paced nature and requirement for quick decision-making, serves as a unique form of mental exercise.
The cognitive benefits of table tennis are evident in the game’s demand for hand-eye coordination, spatial awareness, and strategic thinking. Players must anticipate their opponent’s moves, make split-second decisions, and execute precise shots, all of which stimulate various areas of the brain. Regular participation in such activities has been linked to improved cognitive function and a potentially lower risk of cognitive decline in later years.
Moreover, table tennis is a physically engaging sport, requiring constant movement, agility, and balance. The combination of mental and physical exercise is thought to have a synergistic effect on overall brain health. Physical activity promotes blood flow to the brain, encourages the growth of new neurons, and enhances the connectivity between different regions of the brain, contributing to its overall well-being.
Beyond the cognitive benefits, table tennis is renowned for its social aspects. Engaging in the game fosters social interactions, camaraderie, and a sense of community. The positive impact of social engagement on mental health is well-documented, and maintaining strong social connections has been associated with a lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
It is essential to note that while table tennis and other mentally stimulating activities can contribute to a brain-healthy lifestyle, they are not a guaranteed cure or prevention method for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s is a complex condition with various contributing factors, and a holistic approach to brain health is recommended. This includes maintaining a balanced diet, staying physically active, getting sufficient sleep, and staying mentally engaged through activities like table tennis.
In conclusion, while the research is ongoing, the potential cognitive and overall health benefits of table tennis make it a compelling activity for individuals of all ages. Whether played for recreation or as part of a structured exercise routine, table tennis has the potential to be a ‘pharmaceutical’ element in the broader strategy for cognitive health and Alzheimer’s prevention. So, the next time you pick up a paddle, know that you’re not just playing a game – you’re potentially investing in the well-being of your brain. | <urn:uuid:c42fec47-b235-49c9-b4c8-a9d13e31536e> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://e-pong.gr/index.php/2023/11/11/is-table-tennis-a-cure-for-alzheimers-prevention/ | 2024-10-13T19:19:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.9476 | 561 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Beginnings of Jabotinsky's Public and Zionist Activity
In the summer of 1901, Jabotinsky left Italy and his studies, before completing his university degree. On his return to Odessa he discovered that he had earned a reputation as a respected writer and began writing a daily column, "At A Glance", in 'Odesskije Novosti' newspaper.
That same year, his first, pacifist, play was staged in the Odessa Municipal Theater, "Blood", about the Boer War in South Africa. At the start of 1902 Jabotinsky was arrested by the Russian Czarist Police for seven weeks together with Socialist revolutionaries, falsely accused of underground activity against the regime. He was known to say that this experience was "one of the most pleasant and precious among my memories".
After witnessing several anti-Semitic incidents in Odessa, Jabotinsky joined the Organization for Jewish Self-Defense, established to defend the Jews against anti-Semitic actions. He committed himself fully to raising funds for the organization, purchasing weapons, and writing informational material.
Following the Kishinev Pogrom in 1903, that shocked and terrified Jewry throughout the world, Jabotinsky travelled to the city to investigate the event. There he met several leaders of the Russian Zionist Movement and met Bialik for the first time. In 1904 Jabotinsky translated Bialik's poem "A Tale of Nemirov" ("In the City of Slaughter,") to Russian.
Influenced by the pogrom, Jabotinsky swore that, from that moment on, he would devote himself solely to Zionism. Upon his return to Odessa, he joined the Zionist Organization. During this period he read numerous Zionist writings, for example "Auto-Emancipation" by Pinsker, "The Jewish State" by Herzl and writings of Lilienblum and Ahad Haam. At age 22 he participated in the Sixth Zionist Congress in Basel – the first in which he participated and the last in which Herzl was in attendance – as a delegate from Odessa. There he met Chaim Weizmann.
At this Congress the question of establishing a Jewish state in Uganda arose, as a solution to the Jewish people's distress in Europe. Jabotinsky was counted among the opponents of the proposal despite that he was impressed by Herzl's ideas, as he wrote, "Herzl made a huge impression on me – the word is not an exaggeration, no other description would suit: huge."
Upon his return to Russia, he dedicated the bulk of his time to Zionism. Along with other Zionists, he founded a publishing house called 'Kadima', which published tens of Zionist books and pamphlets in Russian.
Jabotinsky moved from Odessa to Saint Petersburg, where he joined the editorial board of 'Yevreiskaya Zhizn' newspaper (Jewish Life), and 'Rassviet' weekly publication (The Dawn), edited by Avraham Idelson. Simultaneously, he wrote articles in 'Nasha Zhizn' (Our Life) and 'Russ' (Russia). He travelled throughout Russia and spoke before countless Jewish communities about his Zionist views. He was arrested in the course of this lecture tour and in 1905 even aided in establishing the "League to Achieve Legal Rights for the Jewish People in Russia".
A conference of Russian Zionists was held from December 17 – 23, 1906, in Helsingfors (Helsinki, capitol of Finland), in which Zionist Movement emissaries gathered from all over Russia. At this conference, which Jabotinsky called "the summit of my Zionist youth", the program he had formulated was accepted, on the topic of national minorities in Russia and the establishment of an autonomous Jewish national framework on its land, as part of a plan to grant rights to all national minorities in the Russian empire.
In that same year, Jabotinsky initiated his fight for the Hebrew language and for the establishment of a Jewish university in Eretz Israel. He found the problems of national minorities particularly interesting – a topic on which he wrote his academic thesis "Autonomy of a National Minority", which qualified him for a Law degree.
On October 27, 1907, Jabotinsky married Joanna (Anya) Galprin, whom he first met when he was 15 years old and she just 10 years old. Their only son, Eri, born in 1910, spoke with his father exclusively in Hebrew.
Jabotinsky travelled to Turkey as a journalist, reporting on the revolution of the Young Turks. The Zionist leadership, hoped that revolutionary forces in the Turkish government, within the current liberal, democratic climate, would now demonstrate greater sympathy for Zionist aspirations in Eretz Israel. Influenced by Jabotinsky, a network of newspapers was founded in Turkey, sponsored by the Zionist Organization, among them the popular newspaper 'La Jeune Turk' (The Young Turk).
In 1909, he made his very first visit to Eretz Israel, during which he became aware of the tension between the Jewish and Arab inhabitants. But more than anything, Jabotinsky was impressed by the Jewish youth, which was developing free of fears and ghetto complexes. During a meeting of Zionist leaders, it was decided to establish an ambitious information campaign in Turkey, which Jabotinsky was chosen to head. Thus he began to devote much time and energy to lectures and speeches before the Jewish public.
In August 1913 Jabotinsky attended the Eleventh Zionist Congress in Vienna. He sensed, during the discussions, that a chasm had opened between his approach to the basic problems in the Diaspora, and that of his colleagues in the Zionist Organization. At this Congress, it was decided to establish a Hebrew university in Jerusalem; Jabotinsky was chosen as a member of its founding committee. | <urn:uuid:561f2629-198d-498c-a6b5-f5b97a18629c> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://en.jabotinsky.org/zeev-jabotinsky/life-story/public-activity/ | 2024-10-13T20:06:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.97783 | 1,196 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Have you ever found yourself marveling at the complexity of the human brain? This intricate organ not only governs our thoughts and feelings but orchestrates a symphony of functions that sustain us every single moment.
In this article, we delve into the fascinating world of neuroscience, presenting a wealth of questions that illuminate the various aspects of the brain – from its fundamental anatomy to the groundbreaking research that’s shaping our understanding of mental health and cognitive processes.
Whether you’re simply curious or seeking deeper insights for educational purposes, let’s embark on a journey into the mind’s innermost workings.
Fundamental Understanding of Brain Anatomy and Function
- What are the primary functions of the cerebral cortex?
- How many neurons are in the human brain?
- What role does the hippocampus play in memory?
- Can you explain the process of neurogenesis?
- What distinguishes the left hemisphere from the right hemisphere?
- How does the brain communicate with the rest of the body?
- What is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier?
- What are neurotransmitters, and what do they do?
- How is the brain protected from injury?
- How does the structure of a neuron facilitate its function?
- What happens in the brain during sleep?
- How do the frontal lobes contribute to personality?
- In what way does the cerebellum affect motor control?
- What is the limbic system, and what are its key components?
- How do sensory experiences affect the brain’s development?
- What is the difference between gray matter and white matter?
- What is brain plasticity, and how does it work?
- How does the autonomic nervous system regulate bodily functions?
- What part of the brain is responsible for language processing?
- How does the brain regulate emotions?
Cognitive Processes and Brain Activity
- How does the brain process visual information?
- What cognitive changes occur in the brain during adolescence?
- How are memories stored and retrieved in the brain?
- What is the role of the brain in decision-making processes?
- How does attention work in the brain?
- What is the neural basis of learning new skills?
- How does multitasking affect brain activity?
- What influences the brain’s problem-solving abilities?
- How does the brain interpret and react to pain?
- What regions of the brain are involved in creative thinking?
- How do emotions impact cognitive function?
- What parts of the brain are engaged when reading?
- How does the brain process and encode new information?
- What happens in the brain during a ‘eureka’ moment?
- How does stress alter cognitive performance?
- What is the connection between brain activity and consciousness?
- How do brain waves reflect different states of mind?
- What role does the prefrontal cortex play in planning and organization?
- How does language acquisition affect brain structure?
- In what ways does meditation influence cognitive processes?
Neurological Health and Disorders
- What are common early symptoms of neurological disorders?
- How can one lower the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease?
- What are the differences between a stroke and a brain aneurysm?
- What are the hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease in the brain?
- How is multiple sclerosis diagnosed based on brain activity?
- What is epilepsy, and how does it affect brain function?
- How are traumatic brain injuries assessed and treated?
- What lifestyle factors can contribute to cognitive decline?
- What kind of brain changes are associated with depression?
- Are migraines simply headaches, or is there more happening in the brain?
- What is the prognosis for someone with a brain tumor?
- How can neuroplasticity help in recovery from brain injuries?
- What are the effects of stress on the nervous system?
- How does the brain’s chemical imbalance correlate with anxiety?
- What are the treatment options for someone with a neurodegenerative disorder?
- How does addiction physically alter the brain’s structure?
- What is the impact of sleep disorders on overall brain health?
- Can brain function be improved after a stroke?
- What neurological effects are associated with chronic pain?
- How does the brain compensate for losing a sense, such as sight or hearing?
Innovations and Research in Neuroscience
- What are the latest breakthroughs in brain-computer interface technology?
- How are stem cells being used in neurological treatments?
- What new imaging techniques are enhancing our understanding of the brain?
- How is artificial intelligence shaping the future of neuroscience?
- What are the ethical implications of neuroenhancement?
- In what ways might genomics contribute to personalized medicine for brain disorders?
- How effective are current treatments in slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases?
- What is optogenetics, and how could it revolutionize neuroscience?
- Can we predict neurological disease onset with current genetic testing?
- How do virtual reality and augmented reality aid in brain research?
- What is the potential of nanotechnology in treating brain conditions?
- How are researchers modeling the brain to understand its complexities?
- What new insights have we gained from the Human Brain Project?
- How close are we to finding a cure for paralysis through brain research?
- Are there any new findings on how the brain regenerates after injury?
- What is the role of the connectome in mapping brain function?
- How has the study of neural circuits advanced our knowledge of behavior?
- What breakthroughs have been made in understanding the gut-brain axis?
- How does big data contribute to neuroscience research?
- Are there any new therapeutic strategies emerging for autism spectrum disorders?
Impact of Lifestyle on Brain Health
- How does physical exercise influence cognitive function?
- What are the cognitive benefits of a well-balanced diet?
- Can learning a new language improve brain health?
- What effects do social interaction and relationships have on the brain?
- How does chronic sleep deprivation impact the brain?
- In what ways can mindfulness and meditation enhance brain function?
- What are the long-term effects of alcohol and drugs on the brain?
- How does exposure to nature affect mental wellness and brain activity?
- Can playing musical instruments have beneficial effects on brain health?
- How do various forms of art influence the brain’s creativity?
- What impact does exposure to technology have on the developing brain?
- Can certain activities delay the onset of dementia or cognitive decline?
- How does air pollution affect cognitive health?
- In what ways does occupational stress impact brain function?
- What influence does gut health have on mental wellbeing?
- How can one tailor their environment to support optimal brain health?
- Are there any specific vitamins or supplements proven to improve brain function?
- What types of mental exercises can strengthen cognitive abilities?
- How does our brain chemistry change in response to different types of music?
- What are the psychological effects of long-term space travel on the brain?
Frequently Asked Questions
What can we do to keep our brains healthy?
Maintaining Brain Health:
- Engage in regular physical exercise.
- Eat a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
- Get sufficient sleep.
- Continuously learn new skills to challenge the brain.
- Maintain social connections and practice stress-reduction techniques.
Is there a connection between brain health and mental health?
Absolutely, brain health and mental health are closely interconnected. Issues like chronic stress, depression, and anxiety can affect brain function and structure, while a healthy brain can enhance mental well-being and resilience.
As we wrap up our comprehensive exploration of questions about the brain, I hope you’ve discovered new and intriguing facets of this remarkable organ.
With inquiries that span from the rudimentary to the revolutionary, the topics we’ve addressed shed light on the brain’s vast capabilities and unveil the mysteries that neuroscientists are diligently working to unravel.
So keep these questions in mind; they’re not just fuel for thought but stepping stones to grasping the profound complexities that lie within our own skulls. | <urn:uuid:baa28329-e5c9-47f7-a2ee-e9488eccd23e> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://enlightio.com/questions-to-ask-about-the-brain | 2024-10-13T19:17:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.922644 | 1,730 | 3.859375 | 4 |
Urgent care locations are springing up all throughout the country of the United States, visited by more than three million people in this country alone over the course of just one week. Staffed by as many as twenty thousand doctors in more than seven thousand and three hundred different locations, there is no doubt about it that urgent care centers are on the rise – and proving to be a viable alternative to the emergency room.
But many people are unfamiliar with exactly what an urgent care does. If you are someone who is asking what is urgent care used for, you are certainly not alone. In fact, the question of what is urgent care used for is what this brief look into the world of urgent care in the United States will seek to answer.
To put it briefly, the answer to the question of what is urgent care used for is a simpler one than many would realize and it is this: pretty much anything, as long as it is not a life or death situation. From difficulty breathing to wound repair, the question of what is urgent care used for can be answered with any number of medical conditions.
And urgent care centers can often treat more severe medical problems than many people realize. After all, up to eighty percent of all urgent care centers in this country have the capabilities for diagnosing and treating fractures. And up to seventy percent of walk in clinics have the right tools and medical professionals on board to be able to administer IVs in cases of dehydration, something that would otherwise often necessitate an emergency room visit.
Of course, urgent care centers can deal with any number of smaller maladies, and this is the answer that people expect when they ask what is urgent care for. Sprained ankles – of which there are twenty five thousand each and every day in the United States alone – and basic wound repair procedures can both be handled in a family urgent care location, and fast medical treatment for conditions like ear infections, urinary tract infections, and the flu can also be given.
Many people will still worry, however, if they should go to the emergency room instead. In most cases, the answer is very much an emphatic no. For one, an astonishing less than five percent (only about three percent, to be more exact) of all cases seen in urgent care locations throughout the country ever needed to be transported to a hospital. On the other hand, it has been found that up to sixty five percent of cases that were seen in the emergency room could have been instead thoroughly and skillfully treated in any given urgent care location. Answering the question of what is urgent care used for could end up keeping people who are unnecessarily in hospitals out of them.
And there are many reasons for this to be ideal. For one, hospitals and emergency rooms in particular are often overcrowded. In fact, your average hospital waiting room will have a wait time of at least one hour before you can even be seen by a nurse. In some places and on some days, you might even wait longer than an hour to get the medical attention that you are in need of.
The typical urgent care location, on the other hand, is a completely different story. In more than half of all urgent care locations in the United States (about sixty percent of them, to be more exact), the wait time before being seen by a doctor or nurse is typically no more than fifteen minutes. By the time a full hour has elapsed, the typical urgent care center patient has likely already been seen, treated, and is on their way back home.
From asking what is urgent care used for to what are the benefits of urgent care centers, the questions surrounding urgent care centers are vast but will likely be answered as urgent care centers grow more prominent in the years to come in the U.S. | <urn:uuid:35bfdbee-5eba-4706-b0ff-535c44295f82> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://everlastingmemoriesweddings.com/2018/09/27/the-case-for-urgent-care-centers-in-the-united-states/ | 2024-10-13T20:59:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.976364 | 763 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Depression episodes and weight changes go hand in hand and vary from one person to another. Some people gain weight during the depression while others lose weight to unhealthy levels. All this is because depression influences eating and sleep patterns.
Depression and weight changes are like the egg and chicken challenge; which came first? Sometimes depression follows weight loss or weight gain or the reverse can happen where weight loss or weight gain can lead to depression
In this article, we are going to look at the link between depression and weight loss, weight management tips for people with depression, supplements for depression, and other treatments for depression and weight loss.
But what is a depression in the first place?
According to the mayo clinic, “Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It affects how you feel, think, and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems.”
Depression is a common problem. In fact, a study by Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 2013 to 2016 showed that 8.1% of American adults especially those at 20 years and above had depression in any given 2-week period during the time of the study.
Some of the signs and symptoms of depression include; depressed mood, reduced interest once enjoyed events, loss of sexual desire, changes in appetite, unintentional weight loss or gain, and changes in sleep patterns.
Weight loss and depression; are they related?
Although the common case you see with depression is weight gain, weight loss can also occur. During severe depression episodes, many lose interest in food which is a result of losing interest in pleasure. During this starvation, the body will instead burn fats and muscle for fuel, leading to worrying weight loss.
Depression may also accompany an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa. People with this condition always have fear of being overweight even when they are slim. In the end, they end up starving themselves leading to severe weight loss. This starves the brain, leading to depression symptoms.
What mental illness causes weight loss?
Mental illness is most likely going to make the patient overweight or obese rather than lose weight. According to the study by the national institutes of health, over 80% of patients with serious mental illnesses are overweight or obese: leading to a 3times death rate of the overall population.
What mainly causes obesity is unhealthy eating habits, lack of body activity, the medications (antipsychotic medications) meant to control mental illness symptoms. These medications raise appetite and consequently weight gain.
Can depression cause weight loss and fatigue?
Live we explained above, severe depression can cause weight loss due to loss of interest in food, resulting from loss of interest in pleasure. This can also lead to extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion (fatigue).
Weight management tips for people with depression
Since depression and weight variation move hand in hand, it is important to target both of them when you are looking to have a healthy weight. In fact, the same strategies for weight control should apply if one has depression. Calorie counting physical activity is can help to manage both obesity and depression.
The tips to help weight management in depressed people include;
Know the relationship between your depression symptoms and food
When you understand the feelings you have about your weight and how depression makes you feel about food, you find a way of dealing with your weight during the depression. Rather than looking at food as a way to off Set depression, look at food as a source of nutrition for your body.
Take it slow, set realistic goals
Do not feel overwhelmed with life. Set small but achievable goals. This will psychologically motivate you to persist and achieve more weight loss goals. You can begin by cutting out sugary foods, and once you have achieved that, you can move on to fried foods.
Get off the couch and get moving
People with depression and weight gain have limited physical activity. Instead of sitting and watching TV thinking that it may help depression, get involved in some activity that will make you burn some calories however small it may be. Every bit of physical activity makes a difference; start today.
Consult with your doctor about the effect of your depression medications on your weight
Over time, depression medications have been known to cause weight gain. This is because they increase your appetite and make you overeat. If this is the case with the medication you are having, talk to your doctor for other alternatives. You may change medication or add a medication to counteract weight gain effects.
Talk to a registered dietitian
Talk to a registered dietician in your local area or find one online. These will advise on different strategies of how to manage weight with depression: including what to eat when to eat, and various exercise tips.
Have a positive attitude
We all know that success begins with your mind. If you have a mindset of a winner, you are most likely to succeed at your weight management goals. We know weight management can be hard for people with depression: but stay focused and always communicate with your doctor for help.
Supplements and herbs for depression and weight loss
This is a synthetic form of folate (vitamin A). It is found in fruits, leafy vegetables, and other foods. Depressed people who don’t respond to antidepressants have folate deficiency. In one study, patients who received folic acid responded better than those who received other medications.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
GABA can be in form of a capsule, pill, or powder. Research has linked depression and anxiety to low levels of GABA. GABA supplements have a relaxing effect on brain waves. The supplement supports a positive and calm mood according to research.
This is an organic, glucose-like compound found in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, meat, and other foods. People with depression normally have low levels of inositol. This supplement facilitates the transmission of serotonin and other neurotransmitters.
According to a study published in 1995, it was found that taking 12 grams of inositol a day improved depression symptoms more effectively than a placebo.
These are polyunsaturated fatty acids essential to brain function and cardiovascular health. Depressed people normally have lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Research shows that countries such as Japan that eat a lot of fish have lower rates of depression.
This is a spice from dried stigmas of flowers of crocus plants. It is used in cooking and in traditional medicine to treat symptoms of depression and other health conditions.
In a series of controlled experiments in Iran, 30-milligram doses a day have been successful treating mild to moderate depression better than the placebo. Saffron has demonstrated an antidepressant effect comparable to Prozac and imipramine.
For many years, SAMe has been sold in the US as an anti-depressant. It is a natural compound that affects neurotransmitters including serotonin and dopamine. Depressed people have always been found to have low levels of SAMe.
According to a 2002 review conducted by the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, it was found that SAMe was more effective than placebo at relieving the symptoms of depression and no better or worse than tricyclics.
St. John’s wort
St. John’s wort, also known as Hypericum perforatum, is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. This herb has been used as an alternative treatment for depression for many years. You can get St. John’s wort in form of a capsule, tea, or liquid extract.
In several studies, St. John’s wort has outperformed many antidepressants like fluoxetine (Prozac), imipramine, and Celexa in treating people with depression.
Kava kava (Piper methysticum)
This is a tall shrub native to the South Pacific. For many years Kava roots have been used to help increase relaxation and reduce anxiety. Kava may not treat depression or its causes. Instead, it may help depressed people to feel more relaxed and calm.
This is the chemical the body makes from L-tryptophan, a protein building block. Like SAMe, 5-HTP may help raise your brain’s serotonin level to help ease symptoms of depression. Since the body does not have 5-HTP, it uses tryptophan to produce this compound.
Food sources rich in tryptophan include; turkey, chicken, milk, seaweed, sunflower seeds, potatoes, and pumpkins.
Other treatments for depression and weight loss
Speaking with a therapist can help you cope with negative feelings or symptoms of depression and overweight.
Exposure to white light can help regulate your mood and improve symptoms of depression.
30 minutes of physical activity 3 to 5 days a week can help both depressed and overweight people. With exercise, the body’s production of endorphins, the hormones responsible for improving mood increase.
Avoid alcohol and drugs
Drinking has short-term relief. In the long run, it can make depression and anxiety symptoms worse.
Learn how to say no
Sometimes the treatment of depression and overweight symptoms lies within your mind. Refuse defeat and don’t feel overwhelmed. When you give in to defeat, you can worsen anxiety and depression symptoms.
Weight changes and depression episodes go hand in hand. Depression episodes can cause weight change or vice versa.
Depression and weight gain are like a chicken and egg phenomenon. It is hard to determine which comes after the other. In the same sense, sometimes depression follows weight gain or weight gain follows depression.
Severe depression may cause weight loss due to loss of interest in food resulting from losing interest in pleasure.
Treating depression and overweight requires multipronged approaches that may include talk therapy and medication, exercise, a healthy diet, and other lifestyle interventions.
Subscribe for weekly insights on faster weight loss and good health. | <urn:uuid:a5425245-f0ab-4f47-a7b4-98e04ef2d864> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://foreversuperslim.com/the-link-between-depression-and-weight-loss-including-weight-management-tips-for-depressed-people/ | 2024-10-13T20:08:10Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.952567 | 2,061 | 2.625 | 3 |
Ohm’s Law states that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage applied across the two points. In other words, the current is directly proportional to the voltage, and the voltage is directly proportional to the current. This law is used to calculate the amount of current flowing through a circuit and is an important part of electrical engineering.
Ohm’s Law Calculator is a tool used to calculate the current, voltage, resistance, and power of an electrical circuit. It is based on the equation V = I x R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. The calculator can be used to determine the power of a circuit, or to calculate the voltage, current, or resistance of a circuit when two of the three values are known.
Ohm’s Law states that the current (I) flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across the two points. Mathematically, this is expressed as: I = V/R Where R is the resistance of the conductor. To calculate Ohm’s Law, you need to know the voltage (V) and the resistance (R). Once you have these two values, you can calculate the current (I) by plugging them into the equation above.
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© 2021 – 2024 FreeCalculator.net | All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:240bc05d-271c-45a5-8990-a0ffb1586b22> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://freecalculator.net/ohms-law-calculator | 2024-10-13T19:37:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.948277 | 489 | 4.09375 | 4 |
Silent Generator Maintenance: Frequency and Noise Control
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In both modern industry and daily life, silent generators have become indispensable power supply equipment due to their low noise and high efficiency characteristics. However, ensuring their long-term stable operation requires vigilant monitoring of frequency stability and prompt resolution of operational noises. This article delves into the impact of frequency on silent generators and provides practical troubleshooting methods.
Importance and Impact of Frequency Stability
Frequency stability is fundamental to the normal operation of generators. A low frequency not only affects generator performance but can also trigger a series of chain reactions.1. Significant Decrease in Cooling Efficiency
The reduction in rotor speed directly impacts fan air delivery, a critical part of the generator's cooling system. Lower fan speeds diminish the airflow needed to effectively dissipate internal heat, rapidly deteriorating cooling conditions. Inadequate cooling can elevate temperatures of generator components, particularly rotor and stator coils, increasing the risk of overheating damage.
2. Abnormal Rise in Rotor Coil Temperatures
With decreased cooling efficiency, rotor coil temperatures can rise abnormally. High temperatures accelerate insulation material aging and may increase internal coil resistance, thereby affecting generator efficiency and output. In extreme cases, output reduction may be necessary to prevent equipment damage, directly impacting power supply stability and reliability.
3. Increased Risk of Turbine Blade Failures
Low frequencies impose abnormal mechanical stress on turbines, which can lead to blade fractures. Blade failures not only cause equipment damage but may trigger secondary impacts, such as fragments colliding with other components, posing risks to personnel safety.
4. Saturation and Local Overheating of Stator Core
To maintain terminal voltage stability, increased magnetic flux may be required. However, this can lead to stator core saturation, flux leakage, and localized overheating, potentially sparking fires. Such overheating not only damages the stator core but also risks surrounding insulation materials and components, heightening fire hazards.
Diagnosis and Resolution of Silent Generator Noises
During generator operation, any abnormal noises must not be overlooked. Below are analyses of common noises and corresponding troubleshooting strategies:
1. Improper Fuel Injection Timing
Uneven fuel injection timing, whether too late or too early, can cause uneven fuel distribution in the cylinder, leading to abnormal noises and impacting combustion efficiency.
Adjustment Strategy: Adjust fuel injection timing or advance angle based on noise characteristics and engine operating conditions to restore optimal combustion.
2. Piston and Cylinder Sleeve Clearance Issues
Excessive or insufficient clearance can generate impact noises, affecting engine smoothness.
Accelerated Wear: Improper clearances can accelerate piston and cylinder sleeve wear, shortening component life.
Adjustment: Replace or adjust pistons and cylinder sleeves to restore optimal clearances, reducing impact noises and wear.
3. Fit Between Piston Pin and Connecting Rod Bushing
Loose fits can cause sharp noises, affecting engine smoothness and driving comfort.
Bushing Replacement: Replace connecting rod small end bushings to ensure precise fits and reduce noise.
4. Abnormal Crankshaft Main Bearing Clearance
Small or large clearances can create abnormal noises, affecting engine operational stability.
Bearing Replacement: Check and replace faulty bearings to restore normal bearing function and extend service life.
5. Crankshaft Thrust Bearing Wear
Wear leads to crankshaft movement and collision noises, affecting engine smooth operation.
Component Replacement: Check and replace worn thrust bearings to reduce movement and collision noises.
6. Connecting Rod Bearing Wear
Impact Noises: Excessive clearances cause impact noises, affecting engine smoothness and driving comfort.
Bearing Replacement: Disassemble and replace worn bearings to restore precise fits and reduce impact noises.
Preventive Maintenance and Regular Checks
In addition to prompt responses to abnormal noises, preventive maintenance and regular checks are equally crucial.
- Regular Frequency Stability Checks: Monitor frequency with specialized equipment to ensure it remains within normal ranges.
- Cleaning and Maintenance: Regularly clean the generator to remove dust and debris, preventing blockages that could impair heat dissipation and performance.
- Lubrication System Inspection: Ensure all moving parts receive adequate lubrication to minimize wear.
- Replacement of Worn Components: Promptly replace worn components identified during routine checks to prevent minor issues from escalating into major failures.
The stable operation of silent generators relies not only on advanced design and technology but also on daily maintenance and careful management by users. Through in-depth analysis and practical strategies presented in this article, it is hoped that every user can better understand and apply this knowledge, ensuring efficient and safe operation of their generators. | <urn:uuid:69230dd4-c692-42f1-b37b-a0860aa028e5> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://genset-generator-suppliers.com/news/silent-generator-maintenance-frequency-and-noise-control | 2024-10-13T19:27:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.886092 | 960 | 2.953125 | 3 |
About this sample
About this sample
Words: 5036 |
26 min read
Published: Oct 31, 2018
Words: 5036|Pages: 11|26 min read
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) task is to oversee the use, preservation, and conservation of the state's natural resources. There are twelve divisions in the ODNR: Forestry, Parks and Recreation, Soil and Water Resources, Natural Areas and Preserves,
Watercraft, Wildlife, Geological Survey, the Office of Coastal Management, Mineral Resources Management, Oil and Gas Resources Management, and Engineering. The ODNR holds the responsibility of upholding Ohio's wildlife, forests and other natural areas, state parks, inland lakes and waterways, geological and mineral resources, and the Lake Erie coastline.
Overall, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources is responsible for over 590,000 acres of land, including 74 state parks, 21 state forests, 136 state nature preserves, and 138 designated wildlife areas. In addition, the Department oversees over 120,000 acres of inland waters, 7,000 miles of streams, 481 miles of the Ohio River, and 2.25 million acres of Lake Erie. It services over 11.5 million Ohioans as well as over 200 million tourists every year with approximately 2,000 employees.
To meet demands required required by Ohio Department of Natural Resources, their appropriations, were finalized by the Governor and Office of Budget and Management to be approximately $342.9 million in FY 2016 and $346.5 million in FY 2017, for a total of $689.4 million in the biennium. The proposed appropriations changes increased FY 2016 by 5.4% compared to FY 2015, and currently, the FY 2017 funds are 1.0% higher than the proposed FY 2016 budget. This fiscal review serves to explore expenditure patterns within the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, highlight trends within the budget and analyze the effectiveness as to where the department is spending its money using performance measures.
We were unable to find any information on the internal procedures the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, but externally the Ohio DNR’s budget is developed like budgets we have studied in this course. There is an executive preparation phase, a legislative consideration phase, an execution phase, and an audit phase. In the executive budget phase, the ODNR works to prepare a budget that will be reviewed by the Ohio Office of Budget and Management and the Governor of Ohio to be submitted in the Executive Summary by the governor.
The Ohio Legislature will review the submitted budget and make revisions and changes as they see necessary. The Governor of Ohio then can make line-item vetoes, in which he can veto any lines in the budget before it is finally signed into action. After the budget is passed, the Ohio DNR has the ability to execute and spend the money. In review, the state auditor’s office can audit the agency and review if the agency is using the funds as they stated in their budget and if this is benefiting Ohioans and others whom it serves.
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, as a state agency, is a part of the Ohio biennial budget. The state of Ohio’s budget is prepared by the Governor and the Director of the Ohio Office of Budget and Management, John Kasich and Timothy Keen. The current enacted budget is a part of fiscal years 2016-2017. For Ohio, the fiscal years run July 1 through June 30 with the Governor submitting his or her executive budget in early February—within four weeks after its organization early in January of every odd-numbered year.
This means that agencies’ budgets are constructed in advance of the fall deadline. The “Operating Budget Guidance” is sent out to agencies, by the OBM, in early July so that they can begin the process and prepare themselves to submit their budgets on time. To make sure that the budget can be approved in time to be reviewed and enacted, state agencies must submit their own budgets almost two years before they will be enacted. For the FY 2016-2017 Budget, state agencies had to submit their “Professional and regulatory board budget and language requests [-] on September 17, 2014, other non-cabinet agency budget and language requests [-] on October 10, 2014,” and finally, “Cabinet, Legislative, and Judicial agencies, as well as constitutional officeholders, [were] required to submit budget and language requests to OBM [-] on October 31, 2014.”
The internal review procedure was unattainable for our group, but after the budget is submitted by the Director of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources to the OBM, the review processes become clear. The process for operating budgets begins in the middle of each even-numbered year when the OBM requests each agency’s budget. The OBM then “reviews the request and holds meetings and budget hearings with the agency as needed.”
Next, the OBM “works with the Governor and his or her staff to formulate preliminary budget recommendations,” which “are shared with the agencies and may be appealed by them to the Governor.” Finally, the Governor presents the ODNR’s budget as well as all other agencies’ requests as the executive budget to the Ohio General Assembly. When the General Assembly receives the budget, “the staff of the Legislative Service Commission drafts the Governor’s proposed budget in the form of legislation,” which is then “introduced in the House of Representatives by the Chairperson of the Committee on Finance.”
Hearings before the House Finance Committee on the operating appropriations bills are conducted where changes can be made. After the House passes the budget, the same process occurs in the Senate and is then approved and sent to the Governor to be reviewed a final time and then enacted.
The internal budget adoption process is unable to be found for the Ohio DNR, but when it is finalized it is sent to the Office of Budget and Management to be analyzed. They will make recommendations to the Governor for his consideration, and then he will “lead a review process to determine the content of his Executive Budget to be submitted to the General Assembly.” The budget is then reviewed and adopted by the Ohio Legislature. The General Assembly will then return the budget to the Governor for a final review where he can line-item veto portions of the budget. When the Governor signs the budget, the ODNR as well as all other agencies, receive their biannual operating budgets.
There was not transparency as to if the Ohio Department of Natural Resources has internal audit procedures but there are external ones. The Ohio Revised Code (ORC) § 117.46 requires the Auditor of the State of Ohio to conduct performance audits of at least four state agencies each budget biennium. There are over 170 state agencies. With these measures in place, there is the potential for agencies to go unchecked for over 85 years or 42 biennial budgets.
The ODNR was luckily selected for a review in the FY 2013-14 and FY 2014-15 biennium. In their audit, the State sought to review “six distinct scope areas including Capital Planning and Budgeting, Parks and Recreation Operations, Seasonal Workforce Strategies, Wildlife Licenses and Participation, Fleet Management, and Fish Hatchery Operations, but the ODNR “requested the addition of a seventh and final scope area, Watercraft Registration Operations.”
To aid in the audit, “The United States Government Accountability Office develops and promulgates Government Auditing Standards that provide a framework for performing high-quality audit work with competence, integrity, objectivity, and independence to provide accountability and to help improve government operations and services” these are commonly referred to as GAGAS, or generally accepted government auditing standards.
These audits are performance based audits, which mean that they review “specific requirements, measures, or defined business practices” to provide an objective analysis. The Auditor’s office worked closely and openly with the ODNR to discuss enhancements and improvements. The final report, upon completion, was shared with the agency.
We did not find any earmarked revenue when analyzing the budget, but we were unable to find any original ODNR reports before they were sent to the Governor and the OBM.
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, as a state agency, has a separate capital budget. It is a simpler and shorter process to enact a biennial capital budget than it is to enact the operating budget. The capital budget “occurs within the context of another activity—the preparation of the state’s six-year Capital Improvements Plan.” Every two years it is “updated by OBM on the basis of recommendations it receives from affected state agencies.”
This process tends to start “in the late summer of each odd- numbered year when OBM distributes guidelines to the agencies for the preparation of both the Capital Budget and the six-year Capital Improvements Plan.” The process for capital budgets are the same as operating budgets. The requests are processed by the OBM, sent to the Governor for approval, and then it is sent to the Legislature, but this process is a matter of weeks instead of months. In 2014, the ODNR was allocated $88.5 million by the Governor to its capital budget for improvements to state parks. We were unable to find any Ohio DNR capital budget requests because of the lack of transparency.
The internal processes for the Ohio Department of Natural Resources was unable to be located, but the external process for Ohio state agencies was adopted by the General Assembly and is mandated by the Ohio Constitution, Article II, Section 22, which states: No money shall be drawn from the state treasury, except in pursuance of a specific appropriation, made by law; and no appropriation shall be made for a longer period than two years. This makes it clear that state agencies must submit a budget every two years to the legislature for approval.
They cannot directly submit their budgets to the legislature because the Director of the ODNR is not the chief officer of the executive branch for the State of Ohio—the Governor is. That is why ODNR’s director submits their budget to the Governor and the Office of Budget and Management--who works for the Governor. The OBM will then submit their proposals and revisions to the Governor for a final submission to the Ohio Legislature. After their review the Governor receives the revised budget and has the power to veto specific lines and enact the budget. The line-item veto was established in 1912.
While we could not find any original documents from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, the documents we analyzed were performance-based styles. The ODNR released a 2015 annual report that discussed all aspects of their agency. They highlighted new projects and improvements to each division the agency oversees. For example, when speaking about improvements from 2014, the report said that nature education was “one of the goals for state nature preserves. Department staff increased public programming in FY 2015, reaching hundreds of people around the state.” In the Legislative Services Commission’s budget analysis, there were also features of performance budgeting like that in the 2015 report by the ODNR.
When the Governor submits his budget, it is line-item form. It is no longer in performance style. This is important because the Ohio Governor has the privilege of a line-item veto, in which, before the budget is enacted, he can veto any line in the budget.
There is little transparency provided by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. When reviewing their budget process, we found that the ODNR does not accessibly publish a budget viewable to the public. Upon review of their online site, ohiodnr.gov, there was not a link that gave any light on their budget process, nor could we find the past or current budgets. There was an article that discussed the allocation of funding from the governor for their capital budget, but it only listed ideas as to what it could potentially be used for. We tried to contact an agency administrator Susan Erb, who is the Fiscal Specialist for the Ohio DNR , but she did not contact us back.
To derive information on the ODNR’s budget, we found an audit performed by the State Auditor in February 2015, the Legislative Service Commission’s analysis of the ODNR’s proposed budget for FY 2016 and FY 2017, and Governor Kasich’s FY 2016 and FY 2017 executive budget. The lack of transparency made it difficult for us to clearly and accurately perform an evaluation of their budgetary process. As noted in most subsections of the budgetary process review, we were unable to find or locate any internal information on the Ohio DNR’s budgetary processes. We do not know how decisions are made in developing the budget, nor do we know any internal procedures or internal controls in place. All of the answers to the budgetary process for the Ohio Department of Natural Resources came from general information that applies to all Ohio state agencies.
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources is made up of 2,089 employees, 1,555 of which are fixed term staff and 534 project employees. In order to fully understand the scope of the department’s budget, it is important to look at how it has expanded over recent years. In FY 2011-12, the department’s operating expenses were roughly $270.96 million; In FY 2012-2013 expenditures totaled 299.91 million; In FY 2013-2014, $326.10 million; and in FY 2014-15 the expenditures reached $326.61 million.
Over the past four years, expenditures increased 20.5% and a whopping $55.65 million. That being said there was but a minimal $510,000 increase between FY 2013-14 and 2014-15, which is seemingly tedious compared to the sizable increases of $28.95 and $26.19 million between FY 2011-12/12-13 and FY 2012-13/13-14 respectively.
Over this four year time span, the vast majority of funds (75.2%) went directly to three primary areas in the department: The General Revenue Fund, the State Special Revenue Fund, and the Wildlife Fund Group. In this period the General Revenue fund received $94.68 million a year and focuses primarily on parks, whereas the state Special Revenue Fund received $72.24 million for maintenance and equipment expenses, and the Wildlife Fund received $62.97 million for payroll primarily for payroll, maintenance, and other operating expenses.
There are many divisions of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources whose budgets are explained and briefly evaluated in this report. They are listed below:
The Fleet Management sector of the ODNR focuses on providing appropriations for vehicles for each operating unit within the department. The number of vehicles used by each operating unit (as of 2014) is seen in the chart below:
The majority of the vehicles used by these different divisions were ½ and ¾ ton pickup trucks, as well as SUVS. The rate and cost of maintenance for the different vehicles used is provided in the table below, but an accurate cost and performance analysis is difficult to achieve as there is little to no data regarding other “direct and indirect costs for maintenance, repairs and fuel for each vehicle” (16).
The lack of information regarding costs of vehicles handcuffs us in establishing an adequate performance measure. So, the recommendation here would be to ensure all costs and performance measures should be recorded in the future so efficiency of the vehicles and department as a whole can be analyzed.
This division also is not maximizing its use of idle and broken down vehicles. Many vehicles had been unused for a period of “201 to 434 days while waiting for new hires” when this performance evaluation was done (18). If the department were to dispose of vehicles that are impractical for repair, it would save $16,601 (18). If idle vehicles were reassigned to other areas instead of purchasing new ones, it could avoid paying up to $156,222, as illustrated below (18).
Finally, if the department got rid of the 34 unnecessary patrol vehicles, it would gain $41,719 and “reduce annual expenditures by 44,579” (21). It is thus that the recommendation here would be to sell or dispose of idle vehicles or reassign them for use in other areas to reduce the costs associated with purchasing new ones.
The final area the division can save money in is by instituting a more aggressive fleet cycling plan. By recognizing “a vehicle lifecycle of 6 years and/or 90,000 miles”, analyzing the most efficient vehicle to use by determining “the current cost per mile compared to that of newer vehicles” and by salvaging vehicles nearing the end of their life “to capture as much residual value as possible” the department could save $683,565 (38).
It is important first to look at costs associated with the wage of workers, specifically those in the Natural Resource Specialist and Natural Resources Worker categories. The auditor’s office demonstrated that unemployment expenses, paid for by the department, total roughly $252,000 (42). This means that in reducing unemployment expenses, there is a great opportunity to save money. By toying with the hour requirements for the NRS and NRW according to CBA (Collective Bargaining Agreement) standards, the auditor’s office provided several solutions that could save money in the long run. (51).
Any one of these solutions would be more sustainable and be more efficient than the current seasonal work system.
It is also worth mentioning that there were few clear performance measures in place for department managers here, making it difficult to hold administrators accountable and efficiently manage resources within the ODNR. Clear performative measures that relate directly back to data associated with who has accomplished what should be established.
There are currently a number of rules associated with establishing a set price for overnight accommodations through the Parks Department. While these regulations might not pose a direct, measurable cost to the department, they limit the flexibility necessary to establish competitive and efficient prices. By increasing the flexibility of the parks, it leaves the department with two options to increase revenue: Raise prices on sold-out nights, or raise prices on nights where lodging is not sold out. The analysis conducted by the auditor’s office as to which would be more lucrative is seen in the table below: (86). Clearly, it would be most beneficial to have the flexibility to increase prices on non-sold out nights.
Gross revenue for lodge properties has decreased substantially from 2001 to 2013, as is seen in the chart on the top of the next page: (99).
The auditor’s office looked at which parks were operating efficiently (generating cash flow) and which were operating inefficiently (those responsible for losses). “Maumee Bay, Salt Fork, and Shawnee” were the most productive, generating $1,218,590 in CY 2013. Hueston Woods, Mohican, and Punderson were also productive, but only produced a total of $66,846 (107). Burr Oak and Deer Creek saw huge losses equalling $426,956 (107). This data is crucial to seeing what parks are and are not effective in bringing in money. These lodge properties should be managed and watched in order to map how they are performing as the years go on, making cuts where necessary, and appropriating more funds to lodges that successfully meet their performance measures.
Furthermore, the concession-based model currently used by lodges do provide cash flow in the long-term, but there are other options that would maximize “financial performance including; soliciting matching funds from concessionaires, extending agreement term lengths, and implementing alternative agreement structure” (119). So, while the current operating system of the Parks Department’s - Lodge Properties Division is effective, it could do more to bring in revenue.
The Parks and Recreation Operations Department sees inefficiency in how it is currently operating. Certain cabins on campgrounds see huge profits, where others’ profitability is severely lacking. While it does not directly pertain back to the 2013-14 budget, it is important to look at potential investment opportunities to increase revenue and cut losses within the Parks Department. By investing in specific cabins that are performing well, the Parks Department could see “an immediate value gain of $41,244,069” (142). By “disposing of the 29 cabins experiencing an operating loss rather than investing in renovations” there would be a “one-time cost avoidance of $3,830,900” (142). For full Cabin Operating and Investment Profiles of the individual Ohio cabins reference the Performance Audit.
The general qualms associated with the Wildlife Licenses and Participation division have to do with the low costs of hunting and fishing licenses, as this makes up the division’s primary source of revenue outside of federal aid. The breakdown of revenue sources is seen in the pie chart below:
By increasing both the resident and non-resident price of “annual fishing licenses to $23.00 and $48.00, respectively” the ODNR could see an increase of $1,748,000 annually (253). By “increasing the non-resident deer permit” fee to $38.00, the department could see an additional $254,175 annually (260).
The ODNR’s fish hatchery is both competitive and efficient, “especially when producing at high volumes” (288). They could see an increase in efficiency if the Fish Hatchery Operations were to obtain largemouth bass from an outside supplier, and should see a net gain of $54,944 (288).
The vast majority of revenue brought in by the Watercraft Registration Division comes from the state motor fuel tax and federal grants. Together, these two made up 80.9% of revenue for the division, with an addition 18.3% coming from registration and titling fees (290). RTS, or the Registration and Titling Section, has seen an increase of $267,995 in revenue between CY 2011 and CY 2013 (296). Likewise, “total operating cost has declined over the last three years while registrations have been increasing” as seen below: (299). Thus, the Watercraft Registrations Division is bringing in more money than they are spending, operating efficiently.
When attempting to perform a performance audit, the State of Ohio Auditor’s Office ran into a number of obstacles. The report proposed that the ODNR attempt to eliminate organizational barriers, streamline delivery, and promote clear lines of authority and accountability. (7). The economic effect of these hindrances were not directly assessed by the performance budget, but further evaluation was proposed for the following areas: prescribed divisions, prescribed positions, and ambiguous wording.
Having both prescribed divisions and positions could have a negative impact on efficiency as they might “negatively reinforce organizational silos” and “increase the overall size and cost of the organization due to the presence of multiple, distinctly separate leadership, support, and tactical structures” (7). The ambiguous wording poses a potential issue as it seems to grant “significant authority to division chiefs without oversight”, also potentially reinforcing “organizational silos”, prohibiting the ODNR from being efficient.
The department might also benefit from instituting an “asset management” approach similar to that of the National Park Service (NPS). The ODNR currently uses the OAKS Asset Management module, but this system is “neither used uniformly across all divisions nor is it used in a way that is informative to the actual capital asset management needs of the Department or the divisions” (223).
“[The] goal of asset management is to “Focus investments from all maintenance fund sources on high priority national park assets to address critical deferred maintenance and code compliance needs” (222). A successful asset management system such as that implemented by the NPS could prove invaluable to the assessment of future appropriation allocation for the ODNR, and is absolutely a recommendation that could foster success in the future.
As stated earlier, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ONDR) has a total of 2,089 employees that carry out day-to-day operations. This total includes 1,555 full-time and part-time permanent and fixed-term staff and an additional 534 part-time and full-time temporary, intermittent, seasonal, interim, and project employees. With a decent size staff for a state government department, the operating expenditures can add up quickly and thus increase the demand for revenue.
In FY 2011-2012, total operating expenditures were $270.96 million and $299.91 million in FY 2012-13. The ODNR was appropriated $326.10 million and $326.61 for FY 2013-14 and FY 2014-15, respectively (ODNR Performance Audit, February 2015). This section of our analysis will cover how the ODNR collects revenue from a variety of different sources and examine different trends and shifts in revenue, and challenges the ODNR may face in the future.
There are three funds which within the ODNR that account for an average 75.2 percent of all of the department’s expenditures and appropriations: the General Revenue Fund, the State and Special Revenue Fund Group, and the Wildlife Fund Group. The General Revenue Fund accounts for an average of $94.68 million per FY, which is about 30.9 percent of the total.
The Parks Division is the largest single division user of this fund, averaging $30.03 million per FY (ODNR Performance Audit, February 2015). Within the State Special Revenue Fund Group, “State Parks Operations” account for $28.54 million of the funds $72.24 million per FY. This fund accounts for 23.6 percent of the department's total expenditures and appropriations.
According to the Ohio Legislative Service Commission (LSC), “these funds are used to cover most of the Division's maintenance and equipment expenses, as well as payroll…this line item is supported by the State Park Fund, which receives income from various revenue-generating functions of [Parks]…the largest revenue source was camping fees (39.3 percent), followed by cabin rentals (14.6 percent), self-operated retail (13.9 percent), dock permits (9.8 percent), concession agreements (4.4 percent), and golf course greens fees (4.4 percent)” (ODNR Performance Audit, February 2015).
This fund also includes funding sources such as land leases, getaway rentals, group lodge sales, private donations, 75 percent of the proceeds of timber sales from state park lands, and other fees and charges. The Wildlife Fund Group accounts for an average of $62.97 million or 20.7 percent of the total per FY, with the “Division of Wildlife Conservation” accounting for average $54.74 million per FY.
According to the LSC, “this line item is the primary source of operating support for the Division's programs and contains most of the Division's payroll, maintenance, and other operating costs” (ODNR Performance Audit, February 2015). This division is primarily funded from revenue brought in from the sale of hunting and fishing licenses, as well as, federal funding from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) under the Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act and the Dingell-Johnson Sport Fish Restoration Act (ODNR Performance Audit, February 2015).
The Performance Audit, discusses how the ODNR operates 74 park locations across Ohio, which vary in size and purpose. These parks provide a decent amount of the total revenue the ODNR receives. Larger parks attract national and international visitors while offering amenities such as lodge and cottage facilities, camping; boating; and access to resources with historical, natural, and/or cultural significance. The smaller parks attract local and regional visitors and focus on providing day-use amenities like picnic areas, hiking, and fishing access. Many of these amenities are provided free of charge to users, while some, such as lodging and camping, come at a cost.
The revenue collected from these services is used in part to cover the operating cost of the services. ODNR Parks offer a variety of overnight accommodations. The main options available are lodges, campgrounds, cabins, and unique “getaways”. ODNR owns all of the lodges and 185 cabins, which are managed by third-party concessionaires (ODNR Performance Audit, February 2015). The Table 5-1 shows Parks self-managed overnight accommodations for calendar year (CY) 2013.
As can be seen in the table, Parks operated 9,543 individual overnight accommodations in CY 2013, mostly weighted towards campgrounds; 95.5 percent or 9,118 of the total. Campgrounds and cabins make up the majority of Parks’ self-managed inventory as well as the self-generated revenue; 98.6 % and 96.2 %, respectively (ODNR Performance Audit, February 2015). Electric campsites clearly dominate the total income for the self-managed overnight accommodations with over $11 million and the inventory count by 4,000 compared to the other accommodations.
However, it should be noted, within these two categories, ODNR, and Parks leadership have expressed concerns that current shortcomings are affecting the ability to meet customer needs in a competitive manner. Specific concerns have been raised regarding an insufficient number of full hook-up campsites and an aged cabin inventory that is no longer sufficiently able to attract customers and meet their needs in an efficient and effective manner (ODNR Performance Audit, February 2015). ODNR has a limited amount of property that can be used for such purposes. In the coming years, new strategies will need to be implemented to keep up with the demand of electrical campsites.
It should be noted that on a daily basis, the median preferred cabin, the most common cabin offering, earns over eight times, or $30.48 more revenue per day than the median electric campsite, the most common campsite offering (see Table 5-3 below).
The ODNR also collects revenue from a variety of taxes and fees from mining, oil, and gas. Take for example the table below: The chart above shows revenue from the State Special Revenue Fund Group that was collected from application fees for mining purposes. This line item is used to administer safety tests and precautions for mine workers in Ohio (LSC Redbook Analysis of the Executive Budget Proposal Department of Natural Resources, 2013).
We found it interesting that in FY 2010 and FY 2011 there was none or minimal funding allocated to a service that would seem very necessary. However, in FY 2012, more money was granted, and by FY 2013, funds increased to $28,135. This could potentially be caused by an increase in applications to mine across Ohio. In the latter FY years of 2014 and 2015, we see the funding to stabilize. This could be for the estimate that demand for applications will stay steady.
The table below depicts the Strip Mining Administrative Fee that the ODNR collects to administer and enforce coal mining laws and reclamation activity, which it does through the Division of Mineral Resources Management. This fund is capitalized through 80.95% of the total revenues from the state severance tax on coal, and may also receive income from fines for violations of coal mining regulations and other administrative fees. (LSC Redbook Analysis of the Executive Budget Proposal Department of Natural Resources, 2013). After analyzing this data, we noticed some substantial shifts in proposed funding from FY 2010 to FY 2015.
Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled | <urn:uuid:9052660f-e69a-46ef-8462-b55768c46bf1> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/the-responsibilities-of-the-ohio-department-of-natural-resources-odnr/ | 2024-10-13T20:42:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.957664 | 6,531 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Children’s coloring process can exercise children’s awareness of color, cultivate children’s interest in art activities. It can also be used to shoot the ball game, exercise the child’s agility, and promote the child’s physical coordination ability.
Warning: stay away from fire
Type: Drawing Board
Age Range: > 3 years old
Classification: Paint Learning Notebook/Coloring Notebook
educational toys: toys for children
toys for boys: kids craft | <urn:uuid:828d999a-783f-4053-8114-b8f5d1d2ebb4> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://grandmasgiftshop.com/shop/painting-wooden-kids-toy/ | 2024-10-13T18:58:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.865116 | 105 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Australia is debating putting a price on carbon emissions (a “carbon price”) with an emissions trading scheme or tax. The debate has been dominated by concerns that Australia might lose industry and jobs offshore if it has a carbon price when competitor countries do not. If Australian production moves to countries with higher emissions, this would defeat the purpose of carbon pricing. To avoid this possibility, and protect industry from such an event, government plans to provide some industries with free carbon permits.
The report is a detailed industry by industry analysis of the impact of carbon pricing. It finds that much of the protection proposed for the major emissions-intensive industries is unnecessary or poorly targeted. It would delay the structural adjustment required to move to a lower carbon economy.
Using industry data, the report finds that many of the recipient companies will be internationally competitive even if they receive no free permits. Many industries that would not be competitive would emit less carbon if they moved offshore, which is the purpose of carbon pricing. The proposed free permits will mute the incentives to reduce carbon emissions. They are also very expensive for other Australian taxpayers. | <urn:uuid:edbf0ea8-6914-4def-8888-08cb53847226> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://grattan.edu.au/report/restructuring-the-australian-economy-to-emit-less-carbon/ | 2024-10-13T20:49:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.963743 | 222 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Chain of Rocks Bridge, Madison, USA
Chain of Rocks Bridge is one of the more interesting bridges in America. It’s hard to forget a 30-degree turn midway across a mile-long bridge more than 60 feet above the mighty Mississippi. For more than three decades, the bridge was a significant landmark for travelers driving Route 66.
The bridge’s colorful name came from a 17-mile shoal, or series of rocky rapids, called the Chain of Rocks beginning just north of St. Louis. Multiple rock ledges just under the surface made this stretch of the Mississippi River extremely dangerous to navigate. In the 1960s, the Corps of Engineers built a low-water dam covering the Chain of Rocks. That’s why you can’t see them today. Back in 1929, at the time of the construction of the bridge, the Chain was a serious concern for boatmen.
A massive undertaking in its day, the Chain of Rocks Bridge had a projected cost of $1,250,000. The bridge was to be a straight, 40-foot wide roadway with five trusses forming 10 spans. Massive concrete piers standing 55 feet above the high-water mark were to support the structure. Plans called for a four-mile fill along the road leading to the bridge’s north end.
All that proved true except for one major change–in direction. Riverboat men protested the planned bridge because it was to run near two water intake towers for the Chain of Rocks pumping station. Navigating the bridge piers and the towers at the same time, the river captains argued, would be extremely treacherous for vessels and barges. Besides, the initial straight line would have put the bridge over a section of the river where the bedrock was insufficient to support the weight of the piers. Either way, the bridge had to bend.
Construction started on both sides of the river simultaneously in 1927, and the piers were complete by August of 1928. A grand opening was planned for New Year’s Day 1929. The Mississippi River had other plans. Floods and ice slowed the work, and the Chain of Rocks Bridge finally opened to traffic in July of 1929.
Then, as now, actual expenditures for construction often exceed projected costs. Chain of Rocks Bridge cost just over $2.5 million–twice its original estimate. Fortunately, the public got its money’s worth. The bridge had beautifully landscaped approaches. A park-like setting around a pool and a large, ornate toll booth anchored the Missouri end. On the Illinois side, 400 elm trees lined the approach. The bridge brought travelers into St. Louis by way of the picturesque Chain of Rocks amusement park on the Missouri hills overlooking the river. On a clear day, crossing the Chain of Rocks Bridge was a real pleasure. That pleasure became an official part of the Route 66 experience in 1936, when the highway was rerouted over the bridge.
During World War II, Chain of Rock’s colorful red sections had to be painted green to make the bridge less visible from the air. At the same time, wartime gas rationing reduced traffic. To offset these costs, the City of Madison increased bridge tolls to 35 cents per car, with an additional five cents per passenger—a fee structure that sets on its head today’s system of special high-speed lanes reserved for cars carrying more, not fewer, people.
In 1967, the New Chain of Rocks Bridge carrying Interstate 270 opened just 2,000 feet upstream of the old bridge, which closed in 1968. The bridge deteriorated, and during the 1970s, Army demolition teams considered blowing it up just for practice. In 1975, demolition seemed eminent. Fortunately for the bridge, a bad market saved the day. The value of scrap steel plummeted, making demolition no longer profitable. At that point, the Chain of Rocks Bridge entered 20 years of bridge limbo–too expensive to tear down, too narrow and outdated to carry modern vehicles. In 1980, film director John Carpenter used the gritty, rusting bridge as a site for his science fiction film, Escape from New York. Otherwise, the bridge was abandoned.
Today you might say that the Chain of Rocks Bridge has completed a historic cycle. Built at the beginning of America’s love affair with the automobile, it is now a reflection of America’s desire not to ride in cars so often. During the 1980s, greenways and pedestrian corridors became increasingly popular, and a group called Trailnet began cleanup and restoration of the bridge. Linked to more than 300 miles of trails on both sides of the river, the old Chain of Rocks Bridge reopened to the public as part of the Route 66 Bikeway in 1999.
Because the bridge has not been significantly altered over the years, a visit there today conveys a strong sense of time and place, an appreciation for early-20th-century bridge construction, and outstanding views of the wide Mississippi River. The Chain of Rocks Bridge was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. | <urn:uuid:c0375016-1cf5-40e0-aad7-a21b637f3a40> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://heroesofadventure.com/listing/chain-of-rocks-bridge-madison-usa/ | 2024-10-13T19:34:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.960689 | 1,033 | 3.171875 | 3 |
There are three stages of bone health.
Stage 1 is the first 25 years of a man or woman’s life when you build the strongest, most dense bones and minimize any actions that may compromise bone building.
Stage 2 is from 30 years of age to menopause for women or andropause for men, where you take steps to avoid the breakdown of bone.
Stage 3 is post menopause or andropause for men, which is generally over 50 years or age, where you support both bone maintenance and limit bone loss.
For most individuals the risk for osteoporosis is strongly influenced by family history of a parent with a hip fracture and that risk is worsened by lifestyle issues. Other individuals can have medical conditions that cause or put them at risk for osteoporosis, but again, lifestyle can further increase that risk. Osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive disease with the most significant outcome being a fracture. It affects millions of Americans, particularly women. and it is estimated that anywhere between 20%-50% of post menopausal women are affected by low bone density (although not all have osteoporosis).1 Although osteoporosis is often thought to be a disease primarily affecting women, men also incur substantial bone loss due to aging and decreased hormone production. Over two million men have this disease and men are more likely to incur fractures related to osteoporosis than to get prostate cancer.1,2,3 The most serious complication of osteoporosis is fracture, specifically fractures of the hip which cause severe pain, disability and increased mortality.
The major causes of osteoporosis relate to age are hereditary (osteoporosis and especially a hip fracture), low body weight (<127 lb), being a current smoker and/or being on steroid therapy (e.g. Prednisone).4 The list of additional risk factors is long and includes vitamin D deficiency, hyperthyroid, hyper-parathyroid, renal calcium leak, poor nutrition, low hormone production, excess alcohol and lack of exercise. Osteoporosis is often preventable by taking simple steps to build and support bone density. It is frequently underdiagnosed and therefore often undertreated. For that reason the most important first step is to:
Find out the status of your bone density and evaluate your current lifestyle and diet.
Maybe you are getting enough calcium in your diet, but are you getting enough magnesium, vitamin D, zinc and co-factors? Maybe you are exercising and eating well, but do you smoke or drink too much alcohol? Only by undertaking a personal assessment of your bone density, current lifestyle and nutritional status, will you get a clear picture of where you are and what measures you need to take.
A bone health assessment is often covered by insurance companies, can be carried out by your health professional and includes a medical history, physical exam and the gold standard - a bone mineral density test, or DEXA Scan. Standard guidelines for DEXA scans are the following:
- All women 65 years and older
- Postmenopausal women with medical causes of bone loss (e.g. steroid use, hyperparathyroidism, malabsorption, immobilization)
- Postmenopausal women over 50 years with additional risk factors (fracture - other than skull, less than 127lb, history of hip fracture in parent, current smoker, alcohol intake more than 2 units/day (1 unit: beer = 12oz; wine = 4 oz; liquor = 1 oz).
- Postmenopausal women with a fragility fracture (a fall from standing height)
More extensive evaluation of underlying causes and management may include urinary and serum calcium levels, vitamin D levels, hormone analyses including parathyroid and thyroid tests, selected nutrient analysis and a lifestyle, exercise and nutritional assessment. | <urn:uuid:d5bd292f-aa9c-4acf-ba14-ddffe7b81394> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://himalayancrystalsalt.com/pages/bone-health-guide | 2024-10-13T20:59:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.940974 | 784 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Several ways. Confiscation of gold just before the war. The sale of War Bonds during the war. Inflation after the war.
The US government paid for World War 2 by taking money from the economy of the surrounding states. This money was used to make supplies for the war.
Because the US government had to pay too much for the war without taking back anything.
Germany had to pay all the repirations for the war The US' economy became dependent on Japan The US was in debt because of all of the money that Europe burrowed from the US Germany had to burow money from the US to help pay debts
Early in 2005.
The scope of its power increased.
The US government paid the war bonds by raising taxes multiple times.
The US government paid for World War 2 by taking money from the economy of the surrounding states. This money was used to make supplies for the war.they did this by increasing several kinds of taxes and war bonds.
what was sold i n the U.S. to pay for the world war 2
Just after the Revolutionary War to pay the War Debt.
World War II got the U.S. out of the Great Depression and there was no fighting in the U.S. so the government didn't have to pay for the damage that other countries had to pay for.
The measure that the government used to pay for the US Civil War was by putting a progressive income tax into law. The income tax was to take out a certain amount of and individuals income yearly.
It was as it is today a democracy government
The US Government focused the nation's economic resources primarily on the war efforts.
G.I. Government Issue
During the US Civil War, the Federal government made many efforts to raise funds to pay for the war. For the first time in US history the government passed a progressive income tax. During the war years they collected $55 million. | <urn:uuid:63cfaaba-b964-4389-b644-12fcbda023f1> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://history.answers.com/military-history/How_did_the_US_Government_pay_for_World_War_2 | 2024-10-13T20:55:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.982158 | 396 | 3.671875 | 4 |
On page 110 of Professor Stewart’s Casebook of Mathematical Mysteries, he shows a neat visual way of calculating the GCD (Greatest common denominator, aka HCF, Highest common factor. Given a box with sides of two different lengths, draw squares from the lesser side until you can draw no more. Then continue from the corner the other direction. The smallest square has edge length of the GCD!
Continue reading “Euclid’s Doodle – and writing a visualization with Matplotlib” | <urn:uuid:957e3b65-536a-4c15-bf2b-689ff53a3751> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://howtotrainyourrobot.com/tag/euler/ | 2024-10-13T20:53:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.857559 | 108 | 2.984375 | 3 |
The Importance of Elevator Energy Efficiency
Elevators are essential in today’s world, especially with the increasing number of skyscrapers and multi-story buildings. However, their energy consumption can be significant if not optimized. This is where energy efficient elevators come into play. They are designed to reduce power usage while maintaining performance, helping both the environment and building owners’ budgets.
Why is this important? For starters, energy-efficient elevators reduce the carbon footprint of buildings, which is a growing concern for property developers aiming for green certifications like LEED. Furthermore, the cost savings from reduced electricity consumption can be substantial, especially in buildings with frequent elevator use. As buildings become more eco-conscious, energy-efficient solutions become critical for reducing the environmental impact of daily operations.
Energy Efficient Elevators: An Overview
What exactly makes an elevator energy efficient? Simply put, energy efficient elevators incorporate advanced technologies like regenerative drive systems, LED lighting, and intelligent controls to optimize energy usage. Unlike traditional elevators, which may waste a significant amount of energy during operation, modern elevators focus on minimizing power consumption during both active and idle phases.
These innovations allow energy-efficient elevators to use less electricity, with some systems even capable of generating power. For example, regenerative drive systems convert the kinetic energy generated when the elevator moves into electrical energy, which is then fed back into the building’s electrical grid. This leads to substantial savings, especially in high-traffic buildings.
Common Misconceptions About Elevator Energy Consumption
Many people assume that elevators consume massive amounts of energy every time they’re in use. While older models might be guilty of this, modern energy efficient elevators are built with sustainability in mind. One of the biggest misconceptions is that elevators are continuously draining power, but most advanced systems today enter low-power modes when idle.
Additionally, there’s a belief that upgrading to energy-efficient elevators doesn’t make a noticeable difference in overall building energy consumption. However, as elevators are in near-constant operation in high-rise buildings, reducing their energy use can lead to significant improvements in a building’s overall efficiency.
How Elevators Use Energy
Understanding Energy Consumption in Elevators
To understand how energy savings are possible, it’s important to know how elevators use energy. Elevator systems rely on both mechanical and electrical energy to function. The primary energy-consuming activities include:
- Lifting and lowering the cab.
- Powering the control systems.
- Running the lighting and ventilation inside the cab.
In traditional systems, elevators use energy both while moving up and down. However, newer energy efficient elevators recover and reuse energy during descent, particularly with regenerative systems.
Factors Influencing Elevator Energy Use
The amount of energy an elevator uses is influenced by several factors:
- Building size and design: Taller buildings with more floors require more energy to transport passengers, especially if the elevator is frequently stopping and starting.
- Frequency of use: Elevators in high-traffic areas, such as office towers, use more energy simply due to the number of trips they make each day.
- Type of elevator: Hydraulic elevators, for instance, tend to use more energy than traction elevators, making the type of system installed a major factor in energy efficiency.
These factors are crucial in determining whether a building could benefit from an upgrade to more energy-efficient elevator technologies.
The Role of Counterweights in Elevator Efficiency
Counterweights play a major role in elevator efficiency. In many elevators, a counterweight is used to offset the weight of the cab, reducing the amount of energy needed to move it. In an ideal system, the counterweight would be equal to the weight of the cab when half full, which minimizes the energy needed for both ascending and descending motions.
By reducing the effort required from the elevator motor, counterweights help lower energy consumption. In combination with modern technologies like regenerative drive systems, counterweights can significantly boost the energy efficiency of an elevator system, especially in taller buildings where the elevator operates frequently.
Key Features of Energy Efficient Elevators
Regenerative Drive Systems
One of the most critical features of modern energy efficient elevators is the inclusion of regenerative drive systems. This technology captures the energy typically lost during braking or descent and converts it into usable electricity. How does this work? When an elevator moves downward with a heavy load or upward with a light load, the regenerative drive captures the kinetic energy and transforms it into electrical energy, which is sent back to the building’s grid.
In buildings where elevators are in frequent use, this can result in significant energy savings. The energy produced by the regenerative system is often sufficient to power other parts of the building, further enhancing the overall energy efficiency.
LED Lighting and Efficient HVAC Systems
Another area where energy efficient elevators shine is in lighting and climate control. Traditional elevators often use incandescent lighting, which consumes a lot of electricity. Modern elevators are equipped with LED lighting, which is not only brighter but uses far less power. LED lights also have a much longer lifespan, reducing the need for frequent replacements, which can indirectly save energy by minimizing maintenance trips.
Moreover, many elevators are integrated with efficient HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems. These systems ensure that the air inside the elevator is circulated and cooled with minimal energy usage, preventing the cab from becoming a power-hungry part of the building’s operations.
Sleep Modes and Smart Technology
Modern energy efficient elevators often come equipped with intelligent systems that allow them to enter “sleep” modes when not in use. This is particularly useful in buildings where elevator traffic fluctuates throughout the day. When in sleep mode, the elevator powers down non-essential systems like lighting and ventilation, saving energy during periods of inactivity.
In addition to sleep modes, smart technology helps optimize energy use by adapting the elevator’s operation to the building’s traffic patterns. For example, during peak hours, elevators can be programmed to anticipate the flow of passengers and operate more efficiently, while during off-peak hours, they may consolidate trips to save energy. | <urn:uuid:fc37cdac-923e-4fe5-a07e-4fcad8797335> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://hubelevator.com/energy-efficient-elevators-how-modern-elevators-save-power/ | 2024-10-13T19:48:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.935866 | 1,303 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Over the course of history, most societies have had a class of ruling elites and a much larger group of everyday people who are often called the masses, the public, the demos, the citizenry, or the hoi polloi. A common tenet of political philosophy has been that the degree of political stability in a state depends on how well it balances the divergent interests of the masses and the elites. One explanation for the current state of instability in our country is that we have lost this balance. Instead of negotiating policies that consider the interests of the masses and elites, the elites enact self-serving legislation by fiat, prompting the masses to vent their rage through symbolic demonstrations of violence and unrest.
According to Polybius, an ancient Greek historian who wrote extensively on the various forms of government, the instability that results from an imbalance between the masses and elites is a threat because it tends to lead society to one of two kinds of political corruption: either the result is oligarchy or ochlocracy.
But a society can’t be ruled by both a small group of elites and be ruled by the mob; oligarchy and ochlocracy are mutually exclusive.
The first—oligarchy—is where society comes to be ruled by a small ruling class, one that is wholly unaccountable to the people they rule. Oligarchies justify themselves on the grounds that the rulers are more fit to rule than the unwashed masses, who are better served when an enlightened, virtuous minority charts the course of society on their behalf. In practice, though, when unchecked by the power of the masses, a regime run by a cabal of elites usually governs out of self-interest, disregarding the needs and well-being of everyday people. While republican Rome is often cited as an early example of representative democracy, in practice, it was an oligarchy: a disproportionately small group of patricians in seats of political power, largely insulated from public accountability. More recently, the new Russian regime that was established after the fall of the Soviet Union is cited as a modern oligarchy.
The other type of corrupted democracy develops when the masses (rather than elites) have excessive political power. This situation is called ochlocracy, an obscure term that is typically translated as “mob rule.” Because many advocates of democracy celebrate the “power of the people,” it is less than obvious why ochlocracy is a bad thing—after all, why wouldn’t we want to maximize the political power that everyday people have in our society? The reason that the power of the masses must be limited is precisely because they are the masses; the average person does not possess the extraordinary traits required to be an effective leader, nor does he have the education or training to rule wisely. The Reign of Terror, a period of the French Revolution when the urban masses agitated for reforms via public displays of remarkable violence, is a testament to the volatility and danger of ochlocracy.
This brings us to America in 2021, which suffers from an imbalance between the interests of the masses and the elites. If such an imbalance tends to result in either oligarchy or ochlocracy, which is it in our case? Are we succumbing to oligarchy or ochlocracy?
On the one hand, our political system seems to be devolving into an ochlocracy, where the whims of the masses drive policy decisions and the trajectory of public culture. Remember the public protests and riots last summer and the inability (or unwillingness) of officials to bring order back to our cities? Viewed from another angle, though, the power of the demos (the everyday people with no particular aptitude or expertise in governing) has been completely appropriated by an increasingly tiny group of elites. Consider the sweeping exercise of state power in response to COVID-19 or the way that Big Tech oligarchs were able to control the spread of information in the 2020 election. But a society can’t be ruled by both a small group of elites and be ruled by the mob; oligarchy and ochlocracy are mutually exclusive.
In what follows, I argue that the events that seem to be indicative of “mob rule” are, in fact, tightly controlled affairs, ones that are curated by the same oligarchic powers that populist action aims to dislodge. What often masks itself as popular uprising and control is actually a rapid descent into oligarchy.
[caption id="attachment_192009" align="aligncenter" width="1920"] Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone (CHAZ) in Seattle, WA.[/caption]
THE LEFT OCCUPATION OF PUBLIC SPACE
In a society where more and more power is transferred to the ruling class, the occupation of public space is one of the primary political tactics that remain available to the citizenry. Historically, we saw this approach in the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and the 2002 occupation of a Russian theatre by Chechen terrorists (which left nearly 200 dead after the Russians pumped toxic gas into the building to reclaim the space). Recently, we've seen these examples of popular demonstrations in America, too, by both the left and the right.
Occupy Wall Street was glorified as a virtuous testament to the “power of the people,” and the occupation is now idealized and romanticized in public memory.
Perhaps the most seminal example is that of left activists occupying public space during the Occupy Wall Street movement (I use the term “movement” lightly, given that the label is also applied to simple hashtags that trend on Twitter). For nearly six months in late 2011, people protesting economic inequality held camp in Zuccotti Park in the financial district of Manhattan. It was a mostly cushy enterprise. Despite the fact that the group had no particular demands—no action plan for how to end “economic inequality”—their efforts were relentlessly celebrated by the corporate media and accommodated by city officials of New York.
The occupation began in September. Soon, meal service was being provided for the protestors—one that cost about $1,000 dollars per day. Local businesses offered their bathrooms so that protestors could wash and use the toilet during the occupation. Professional librarians staffed a “People’s Library” in the park, an operation complete with interlibrary loan privileges for the activists. By mid-October, the city was planning to clear the park out “for cleaning” but ultimately capitulated to the protestors’ refusal to vacate their space. This went on for months. The group had none of the permits required by the city of New York, and officials allowed the occupants to break city rules by setting up tents in the park. Eventually, the city succeeded in clearing the park—protestors were forced out of Zuccotti Park on November 15th, 2011, after then-Mayor Michael Bloomberg declared that the encampment had become a health and safety hazard.
Despite its less than glamorous end, Occupy Wall Street was glorified as a virtuous testament to the “power of the people,” and the occupation is now idealized and romanticized in public memory. Other examples of the valorization and accommodation of left activism in public space abound.
Consider when Scott Walker, then Governor of Wisconsin, brokered an agreement with state representatives to reign in public-sector unions in 2011. The day after Valentine’s Day, thousands protested outside the State Capitol building and were ultimately allowed to occupy it. Rather than letting security forces loose to clear that hallowed space, the protestors were accommodated for days. By February 20th, they had claimed the interior of the Capitol, and it looked like they intended to stay awhile: local businesses were providing free food to stock food stations inside, and medical professionals were colluding with protestors to accommodate and enable their continued absence from work. As with Occupy Wall Street, this occupation was tolerated and praised by legacy media outlets as another example of “democracy in action.”
In 2018, during the confirmation process of Justice Brett Kavanaugh, protestors were allowed to enter the Capitol and disrupt the opening statements. Some were arrested but received only slaps on the wrist and fines of fifty dollars or less. One would think that given the disruption of the hearings on the first day, the Capitol police might have beefed up security on the second day to safeguard the “citadel of our democracy.” But no—not only were demonstrators again allowed into the Capitol, their disruptions intensified, threatening to derail the entire confirmation process. Again, these efforts were celebrated by the press.
Finally, who can forget the riots in the summer of 2020? As rioters raged in cities across the country, burning and looting and vandalizing public and private property in response to the killing of George Floyd (which served as the symbol of a supposed epidemic of “police brutality”), House representatives kneeled in kente cloths to signify their reverence and support for the cause. The urgent moral demand to wear a mask to prevent the spread of COVID-19 was suspended because racism was a more pressing “public health hazard.” Broadcasting in front of a fiery inferno sparked by rioters, CNN’s screen labeled the events as “mostly peaceful” protests. The press excused looting as moral redress for economic equality. For almost a month, activists from Antifa and Black Lives Matter took over a piece of downtown Seattle, declaring the space to be free from any obligation to observe city or state law. They called this space the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone (CHAZ). City officials effectively ceded the space to the protestors—it took much time and a good deal of bloodshed for authorities to work up the nerve to reclaim the space.
[caption id="attachment_192014" align="aligncenter" width="1920"] Zucotti Park, New York: Occupy Wall Street protests.[/caption]
THE RIGHT OCCUPATION OF PUBLIC SPACE
Unlike left-wing occupations, occupations by the right are treated much differently: not only is there less free pizza for protestors, but they are also labeled as dangerous enemies of democracy… and treated as such.
The events prompted a whole media narrative about the decline of civic culture in democracy, a narrative that was used to portray conservative opposition to the bill as uninformed, extreme, and sometimes racist.
One of the earliest examples of this distinction in the modern era occurred during a recount of votes in the critical state of Florida during the contested presidential election of 2000. Frustrated with endless recounts, which increasingly seemed to be tailored to the demands of the Gore campaign, Republican staffers and protestors disrupted the recount with signs and chanting. Needless to say, the event was framed as an attack on American democracy (an all-too-familiar refrain by now). The New York Times dutifully reported that “several people were trampled, punched or kicked when protesters tried to rush the doors outside the office of the Miami-Dade supervisor of elections. Sheriff's deputies restored order.” The name given to this event—the “Brooks Brothers Riot”—indicates how it was viewed by our institutions: an evil perpetrated by monied white men, and therefore an inauthentic expression of popular activism.
Some readers will also recall the public anger over the way that the Affordable Care Act was being pushed through Congress back in 2009. During that summer’s congressional recess, representatives returned to their hometowns, and many held “town hall” meetings to hear their constituents’ views on overhauling the healthcare system. Across the country, many citizens expressed outrage over the legislation, often yelling at their congressperson amid group chanting. There was no violence here, but in many places, police removed people who were accused of being “uncivil.” The events prompted a whole media narrative about the decline of civic culture in democracy, a narrative that was used to portray conservative opposition to the bill as uninformed, extreme, and sometimes racist. Of course, the Affordable Care Act passed, raising the cost of healthcare for millions of Americans.
Readers might also recall the 2014 standoff between Ammon Bundy, the son of a Nevada rancher, and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The Bundy family’s cattle had grazed on what had become public land for decades. When the family refused to keep the livestock out of those areas, the BLM attempted to confiscate the animals. Ammon Bundy resisted, and other Nevadan ranchers and protestors joined in the effort to resist the government’s attempt to reclaim the area. Shockingly, the Bundys were successful: the Bureau of Land Management blinked first. But Bundy was indicted on over a dozen felonies by federal authorities. Although these cases were ultimately dismissed on the grounds of misconduct, Bundy was tied up in court for years and was and is extensively demonized by the media.
More recently, we saw another example of a protest at a capitol building. No, not that one—I refer to citizens of Michigan, who, in response to Gov. Whitmer’s draconian lockdown policies in the early months of COVID-19, set upon the statehouse to register their opposition. Hundreds of protestors entered the building. Some were (legally) armed, but there was no violence—mostly just yelling and finger-pointing. But this peaceful protest dominated media coverage; the protestors were labeled as domestic extremists, a threat to civil society. Perhaps worse, they were portrayed as anti-science because some were not complying with the state’s mask mandate. The reverence that Nancy Pelosi and others showered upon the Democrats who occupied the Wisconsin capitol was noticeably absent from the coverage of this affair. Tellingly, the entities that demonized the protestors for not wearing masks were the same ones who studiously avoided any mention of the masklessness of the hordes roving the streets a few months later during the anti-police riots.
[caption id="attachment_192013" align="aligncenter" width="1920"] 2011 Wisconsin protests.[/caption]
In November, Michigan would once again illustrate the officials’ intolerance for right-wing protestors’ use of public space. In the days after the presidential election, as ballots were being counted in the closely contested state of Michigan, election officials cheered when observers who represented the state Republicans were removed from the venue. When private Trump supporters began amassing outside to watch and record the counting through the windows, the windows were covered. Similar events—where conservatives were removed, marginalized, or disallowed access to the space of the ballot counting—curiously occurred in other critical states such as Georgia and Pennsylvania.
January 6th was a tragedy. It was wrong to storm the Capitol, not least because it allowed the left establishment to justify the draconian exercises of power that followed.
Of course, that other mostly peaceful Capitol protest—the one on January 6th—cannot be ignored. That riot involved only a few hundred of the tens of thousands of people who attended the rally outside the Capitol, while the officials inside prepared to certify Joe Biden’s victory in the Electoral College—a narrow win in a historically unorthodox and anomalous election. A half a year later, this is still portrayed as the single most horrific event since the founding—some continue to insist that it was “worse than 9/11.” Framed by the media as an “armed insurrection,” the event was leveraged to justify massive censorship and surveillance of conservatives by the government and private entities.
This was not the first time that violence erupted inside our houses of government. In 1983, communist leftists detonated a bomb in the halls of the Senate. No one was killed, but the event apparently did not require a months-long military occupation of Washington, DC, as January 6th did. That day, there was one death that was directly linked to the riot—a Capitol police officer shot and killed a woman who had entered the building. The media deliberately misrepresented the body count and its causes in an effort to amplify the severity of the event. Many Americans still believe that rioters bludgeoned Officer Sicknick to death with a fire extinguisher—a piece of media disinformation that has since been definitively debunked. Curiously, the number of Capitol police officers present on January 6th who later committed suicide now stands at four. Although authorities have not linked the death to the riot, headlines nonetheless read, "Asian American becomes 4th officer who responded to Capitol riot to die by suicide."
January 6th was a tragedy. It was wrong to storm the Capitol, not least because it allowed the left establishment to justify the draconian exercises of power that followed. Nevertheless, the reaction to January 6th, and the way it’s presented as a moment where American democracy was on the verge of toppling, is a prime example that shows American institutions simply will not countenance any public expression of discontent by conservatives.
Never mind the video footage that shows the staff at the Capitol allowing protestors into the building. Never mind the evidence that seems to show officials instigating the crowds prior to the Capitol entry. Never mind that those who entered the Capitol mostly took selfies and meandered the halls like tourists. January 6th, according to ruling elites, was a grievous attack on the very foundations of our society—“the worst attack on our democracy since the Civil War.” Not Pearl Harbor. Not 9/11. January 6th.
[caption id="attachment_192010" align="aligncenter" width="1920"] George Floyd riots in Oakland, California.[/caption]
THE OLIGARCHIC ORCHESTRATION OF POPULAR POWER
So, we return to our original question: is America becoming an oligarchy, where all political power accrues to a small group of institutional elites? Or are we becoming an ochlocracy where the masses’ public expression of power trumps that of the elites, who can do nothing but seek to appease the public through legislation designed to respond to impulses of the mob?
The cases above reveal a complex truth. Both the left and the right attempt to wield power and influence decision-making through popular activism in public space. But while the efforts of the mobs on the left are valorized by the media, funded and commodified by corporations, and accommodated by public officials, popular movements on the right are treated much differently.
Our elites will encourage and assist the ochlocratic power of the people when it can be leveraged to advance their leftist agenda.
Right-wing popular uprisings are mocked and attacked by the media, and (on the whole) state officials and agencies aggressively work to undermine public demonstrations by the right. When they fail to prevent these demonstrations, they will not praise the “power of the people”—instead, they will furiously investigate and prosecute the organizers and offenders. While most of those arrested for violent activity as a part of Antifa and Black Lives Matter will have their charges dropped or their penalties reduced, the protestors from January 6th still sit in jail awaiting formal charges and prosecution, when US attorneys will seek the maximum penalties.
In short, our elites will encourage and assist the ochlocratic power of the people when it can be leveraged to advance their leftist agenda. Any popular exercise of power that is not conducive to this agenda, though, will be openly suppressed, mocked, prosecuted, persecuted, silenced, and misrepresented. The potency and effectiveness of popular demonstrations on the left create the illusion that the masses retain significant political power—even that we are descending into ochlocracy. But the truth is that whatever power remains for the masses can only be expressed with the permission of the oligarchy. And this is one indication of the staggering power of our institutions: the ruling oligarchy is so powerful that it can instrumentalize and harness the oppositional efforts of the masses in order to protect elite power. This situation, defined by the illusory appearance of the popular agency that is characteristic of healthy democracies, is instructive. It shows why “The Resistance” succeeds and flourishes, even while resistance is futile for the rest of us. | <urn:uuid:cc06257c-2c70-4d77-b4ec-e049847edade> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://humanevents.com/2021/08/03/the-occupation-public-protest-and-the-use-of-space | 2024-10-13T20:29:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.967645 | 4,152 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Oral thrush is a fungal infection that may seem serious, because of white patchy lesions it causes, and it should, in fact, be treated on time, but fortunately the treatment is usually very effective and cures the oral thrush in no time.
About oral thrush
Oral thrush is a fungal infection affecting the mouth. It is caused by a fungus called Candida albicans and its rapid multiplication. When a person becomes infected, the fungus grows and spreads and it leads to the characteristic symptoms like white, creamy lesions inside the mouth, usually on the inner cheeks and at the back of the throat, but also on the gums and the tongue.
These lesions can be painful and cause discomfort, especially when eating. If the white coating is scraped and removed using a cotton swab, the lesions usually bleed.
Oral thrush is most commonly seen in babies, toddlers and young children. It also often affects the people who have a weak immune system, especially after long illnesses.
Treatment for oral thrush
Oral thrush can be cured using anti-fungal medications or with natural home remedies.
As for the home remedies, yogurt is one of the best. The active organisms found in yogurt maintain the favorable pH balance of the body and thus inhibit the growth of harmful organisms. Yogurt does not cure oral thrush directly, but it increases the number of the bacteria that are capable of destroying the fungus. Therefore, it is highly recommended to eat or drink plenty of yogurt on a daily basis until the infection goes away.
Proper oral and dental hygiene is another key factor in the treatment for oral thrush. Teeth, gums and tongue should be as clean as possible al the time. This means brushing after each meal, flossing two times a day and using a tongue scraper. Mouthwashes or simple saline solutions are also recommended.
Since oral thrush affects the people with a weak immune system, the diet should be as healthy as possible in order to strengthen it. Also, since the fungus feeds on sugar, it is recommended to stay off sweets, cakes and cookies for a while, at least until the infection subsides.
For severe cases of oral thrush, or for those who want a fast cure, anti-fungal medications are available, but it is recommended to see a doctor first. It is also advised to insist on medications that not only cure the current oral thrush, but prevent recurring fungal infections as well. Anti-fungal medication comes in the form of capsules or tablets to be taken internally, or mouthwashes that tackle the fungus directly in the mouth. | <urn:uuid:2598d73f-d37f-4386-b097-30aed5049fc6> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://ic.steadyhealth.com/cure-oral-thrush | 2024-10-13T18:58:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.958056 | 546 | 3.265625 | 3 |
In today’s interconnected world, the threat of cyber attacks looms larger than ever. With the exponential growth of digital connectivity, individuals and organizations alike are vulnerable to a myriad of evolving threats that can compromise sensitive information, disrupt operations, and inflict significant financial and reputational damage. However, amidst this landscape of uncertainty, there exists a pathway to fortify our defenses and safeguard our digital well-being.
In the highly unpredictable environment of today's development cycles, security can often be neglected. Understanding the vulnerabilities for securing the applications on time is the only way to ensure overall security hygiene. The OWASP Foundation puts out a list of the Top 10 vulnerabilities for helping organisations and developers.
The OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) Foundation is a non-profit organisation helpi
Read MoreTime is the most crucial commodity when we talk about cyber attacks. The delay in responding to cyber-attacks may lead to major problems. In many cases, it may even take months to identify some form of cyber attack. Most people don't know how to respond when something of this sort happens.
1. Inform the IT and Management teams - Detecting and informing the concer
Read MoreWorried about everyday news of hacking and malware infections? Still many of us don't know how to stay safe from malware.
No doubt, nobody is safe online. With the advent of the internet, the dark side also emerged and has grown powerful with time. As more and more people are getting active online, sharing information online and using online money transactions online crimes are also increasing.
This does not mean that we should
Read MoreLooking to perform a Cybersecurity Audit? Do you know what to include in the checklist for performing a successful audit?
There are several steps required for the preparation for a cybersecurity audit. The preparation will help in streamlining the evaluation and will surely improve the results.
So, how to prepare for cyber security audits-
1. Reviewing Data security Policy -
You need an
Read MoreThere are lot many things that must be included in the cybersecurity audit for any organisation. Here we are mentioning some broad categories that are important and must be included.
1. Security policies
2. Security policies written and enforced
3. Hardware and software asset list
4. Data confidentiality and ownership
1. Cyber hyg
Read MoreImportance of Cybersecurity Awareness Training for your employees
Assuming your employee to be knowing about cybersecurity may lead to problems. Every organisation has employees from various educational backgrounds and hence lacks knowledge of cyber hygiene. It is the responsibility of the organisation to train the employees to stay protected in this challenging era of cybercrimes.
#cybersecurity #illumeintelligence #cybe
Read MoreWe are glad to announce that we have started our YouTube Channel.
Here we will be sharing our view on cyber security along with the industry trends that will enhance your awareness of Cybersecurity along with the latest happenings giving an upper edge for your business and profession.
Stay Tuned, Stay Connected
We will be sharing the channel link below
YouTube Channel Link< | <urn:uuid:0ec3e81c-2648-42c1-afd5-9bfb1386c03b> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://illume.in/update | 2024-10-13T20:34:08Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.922253 | 633 | 2.546875 | 3 |
One of the main challenges of the food industry nowadays it is the necessity to improve its sustainability and come up with solutions to reduce the environmental impact of its residues through a better and innovative management of them. Quinoa processing is not the exception as it also generates many byproducts whose disposal may cause environmental problems. The bright side is that many of these byproducts have the potential to be useful not just in the food industry, but in many others.
From Ancient Sacred Crop to Scientific Marvel
Quinoa is a pseudo-cereal that was first cultivated by the Andean countries about 7000 years ago. Its importance to the Andean people may rely on the fact that it is tolerant to drought and high salt conditions and due to its nutritional value. Regarding the latter, quinoa has an outstanding nutritional profile with its lipid and protein contents being higher than in other cereals. Also, it contains many essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, and it´s rich in antioxidant compounds.
Quinoa Grain: A Key to the Future of Plant-based Proteins
This grain has gained interest due to its protein profile. Not only does it have a greater protein content compared to other cereals, but also it has an essential amino acid content comparable to that of milk. Quinoa protein´s digestibility is also advantageous compared to that of other plant proteins, as is its functionality, with good foam stability and gelation properties. Quinoa is also an excellent candidate for obtaining bioactive peptides with many health-enhancing properties, such as anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Agro-industry waste can be a good source of these valuable components. Quinoa protein concentrates and hydrolysates that can potentially be obtained from byproducts of quinoa processing have a lot of potential in the food industry as plant- based alternative ingredients and in the development of functional foods. The downside is that large-scale commercial production has not been feasible yet.
The Richness Hidden Inside the Grain
Quinoa is also gaining the interest of the scientific community due to its richness in other compounds, such as saponins, antioxidants, polyphenols, and those derived from the seed coat or husk. This is very promising as they can have applications in the development of functional food and ingredients, cosmetics, biomaterials, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production, to mention a few. Saponins are minor components in quinoa and are considered waste by most quinoa processors, nevertheless, studies have shown that they can have nutraceutical properties, such as
anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Additionally, they can have wide applications in the cosmetic industry.
Quinoa byproducts can also be a great source of nutraceutical biomolecules, such as flavonoids.
These compounds have been found in considerable quantity in water effluents from quinoa processing and have been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, compounds present in the agro-waste of quinoa husk have been studied for their potential to produce biomaterials and aid in wastewater treatment, for example, in the removal of
dyes from wastewater. Finally, another interesting application of quinoa residues is its use as a raw material to produce biogas. Studies have shown that this grain has demonstrated excellent performance in this process and with production higher than those of other cereal residues, such as wheat and amaranth.
Achieving Sustainability One Grain at a Time
Byproducts from quinoa have been shown to have a wide array of applications in different industries: food,pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biomaterials, water waste treatment, and biofuel production. Even though there is still a lot of work to be done to make these applications scalable to an industry level it is important given that these byproducts can contribute to more sustainable production processes in multiple industries. | <urn:uuid:d2fd2e8f-5e19-40dc-b9ab-94e77af89efb> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://innuresearch.com/the-hidden-potential-of-quinoa-grain-byproducts/ | 2024-10-13T19:58:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.965485 | 796 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Hurricane Katrina precipitated two different sets of experiences—those lived by the people who scrambled to evacuate and those endured by the survivors who stayed behind. Those who stayed behind to weather the storm left an indelible mark on the American psyche. In the richest nation in the world, thousands of people were stranded on rooftops, hospitals looked like war zones, and survivors overwhelmed New Orleans’ Superdome. Perhaps shockingly, the people who stayed behind have been blamed for their unenviable situation. But were those people really at fault? Why did they stay behind? And why have so many judged them so harshly?
Michael Chertoff, secretary of Homeland Security at the time, called their actions a “mistake.” He assumed that people who stayed had a choice, a flawed assumption many Americans seemed to make. Nicole Stephens, an assistant professor of management and organizations at the Kellogg School of Management, wanted to know if those who rode out the hurricane saw their actions differently than did those who left. And given Chertoff’s and other’s reactions, she also was curious as to how unaffected individuals interpreted the two groups’ actions. In interviews with Katrina survivors and surveys of rescue workers and other Americans, Stephens and her co-authors discovered a difference in perspectives between the Katrina survivors who stayed, those who evacuated, relief workers who provided aid, and observers who watched the disaster from afar.
“There’s this mismatch between the way that the event was seen from the outside and the way that the people themselves actually experienced it,” Stephens says. “The people who stayed, who didn’t influence the situation and evacuate—they were seen as bad people. They were basically seen as passive and lazy.”
“The people who stayed, on the other hand, experienced their actions very differently,” Stephens continues. “They didn’t just sit there and do nothing, as they were perceived. They didn’t just wait around for the hurricane to destroy them. They did the best that they could given the situations that they were in. People worked together with other people. They cared for their families and communities. They tried to maintain strength and resilience. They had different ways of responding—they did what they could with what they had available to them.”
Stephens and her co-authors, MarYam Hamedani, a program coordinator at Stanford University, Hazel Rose Markus, a Stanford professor, Hilary Bergsieker, a graduate student at Princeton University, and Liyam Eloul, a graduate student at the American University in Cairo, began by interviewing over 450 observers who were not directly affected by Hurricane Katrina. Of those, 144 were relief workers who had direct contact with survivors. When asked to describe survivors, the majority of observers—relief workers included—referred to people who evacuated as “self-reliant” and “hardworking,” while they denigrated those who stayed behind, calling them “lazy,” “negligent,” and “stubborn.”
Stephens and her colleagues then asked the same observers to read two stories, one about a family that evacuated to “stay with a friend” outside Katrina’s path and another about a family that stayed behind because they “didn’t have any close friends or family to stay with who lived outside the hurricane-threatened area.” These two details were central to the stories themselves, details that were meant to summarize the disparate situations of survivors who left and survivors who stayed. Despite the clear disadvantage of the second family, both relief workers and other observers were unable to understand or identify with them, Stephens says.
Stephens and her colleagues then shifted their focus to the Katrina survivors, interviewing 41 who had stayed behind and 38 who had left. The researchers noted when themes of agency—or how the survivors viewed their own actions—arose during the hour-long interviews. Survivors who evacuated consistently spoke of independence, choice, and control. Those who stayed emphasized their interdependence with others, their strength in the face of adversity, and their faith in God.
“The perspective of the observers was much more consistent with the people who evacuated,” Stephens says, in part because both groups belonged almost entirely to the American middle class. Observers and those who evacuated both shared notions of independence and control—common elements of the independent model of agency that permeates mainstream American culture. Not only do such people tend to believe they can change their circumstances, they also possess the means to do so.
Independent agency is deeply rooted in American society. The sense of personal independence and control began with the revolution against the British and became firmly entrenched with the closing of the Western frontier. It is also visible in the Protestant Ethic and the American Dream, two cornerstones of American culture. “Independent agency doesn’t really allow for the possibility that there are different ways of doing things,” Stephens says. “Mainstream American culture…tends to focus on this particular model and assumes that individual actors are responsible for their behavior.”
The people who stayed during Katrina were often judged by the independent model of agency, but they experienced their own actions differently. Relief workers and other observers interpreted their staying behind as lacking agency, something Stephens says could not be further from the truth. Survivors who stayed possessed their own agency, valuing interdependence over independence, standing strong in the face of adversity rather than being headstrong. These qualities are elements of interdependent agency. Most other countries in the world identify with the interdependent model, Stephens says. “The US is actually very peculiar in the world in terms of this focus on the individual.”
Relief workers sympathized with Katrina survivors who stayed behind more than did other observers, but not to a great degree, Stephens says. “The idea is that if you’re helping survivors, you have more exposure to their worlds, you might have a better understanding of what it is that they’re doing… and see that they have tons of constraints,” she says. “We were actually hoping that the relief workers would be much more empathetic and charitable… So we were surprised to find that they didn’t have a better understanding of or more empathy for the people they were helping.”
Stephens thinks one potential solution would be to train relief workers and people in similar situations to better recognize the interdependent perspective. “Perhaps they would be more effective in offering aid or in helping people if they were better able to understand the people’s situation that they’re helping,” she says. | <urn:uuid:5923358d-b975-43fb-80f8-a6a2c14eb77e> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/why_did_they_stay | 2024-10-13T19:12:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.984224 | 1,388 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Dublin: Fear has spread throughout Ireland following the death of a five-year-old boy from a rare virus. A rare “terror” known as iGas and group A strep is spreading among children. The most worrying thing is that there is no vaccine against S.E.
In cases of infection, antibiotics are the solution. However, there is a high risk of exacerbation in some cases. The disease’s spread is thought to be caused by increased social interactions post-Covid. The HSE has also confirmed that a child under the age of five has died from a strep A infection. GPs and hospitals have been asked to be vigilant about strep A infections, the HSE said.
It’s normal, but it requires a lot of attention.
It is a common bacterial infection that affects 20% of the population. It affects the nose and throat. It has the potential to cause skin and throat infections. Antibiotics are effective, but in some cases, they can make the disease worse. The CMO stated that if an infection is detected in the school, the local public health team has been instructed to conduct a risk assessment.
Children with fever, cough and sore throat should not be sent to school.
Parents and guardians have been advised not to send children to school who have a fever, cough, or sore throat. A letter has also been sent to schools and child care centres asking them to take care of this matter.
The letter says there has been an increase in Group A strep infections among children and young people this winter. No vaccine has been found for it. Precautions should be taken as well, such as covering coughs and sneezes, keeping hands clean, and getting properly vaccinated.
While there is no vaccine against strep A or many other viral diseases, the letter explains that taking other vaccines can help reduce the severity of the infection.
According to Chief Medical Officer Prof. Breda Smyth, Strep A causes serious diseases. According to Breda Smith, “parents should be aware of their child’s symptoms and keep track of how well they respond to treatment.” “Contact a GP or other health professional if symptoms do not improve.”
Irish Samachar English News
Kindly click the link below to join WhatsApp group chat to get important news and breaking news from Irish Samachar. | <urn:uuid:73ca14cb-cb7c-4300-989d-65aa27f14c11> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://irishsamachar.com/the-hse-issues-a-warning-after-a-five-year-old-boy-dies-from-a-rare-virus/ | 2024-10-13T20:21:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.974501 | 498 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Web and software development is the process of creating, designing, and maintaining websites, web applications, and software applications. It involves a combination of programming, design, and content management to build functional and user-friendly digital products for various industries and purposes.
Web and software development plays a crucial role in the digitization of businesses and the advancement of technology in the modern world. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including front-end development, back-end development, database management, and server-side scripting. With the rapid growth of the internet and mobile technologies, the demand for skilled web and software developers has significantly increased.
The advantages of web and software development are vast and encompass both individual and organizational benefits. For individuals, pursuing a career in web and software development offers excellent job prospects, competitive salaries, and the opportunity to work on cutting-edge projects. Furthermore, developers have the chance to continuously enhance their skills and stay updated with the latest trends in the tech industry.
From an organizational perspective, investing in web and software development can lead to improved efficiency, productivity, and customer satisfaction. Custom software solutions tailored to specific business needs can streamline operations, automate processes, and drive innovation. Additionally, having a strong online presence through well-designed websites and applications can attract a broader audience, increase brand visibility, and ultimately boost revenue.
The applications of web and software development are diverse and cover multiple sectors and industries. In the realm of e-commerce, web developers create secure and user-friendly online stores that facilitate transactions and enhance the shopping experience for customers. In the field of healthcare technology (healthtech), software developers build applications that enable healthcare providers to manage patient data, streamline appointments, and deliver telemedicine services.
Product and project management within IT also heavily relies on web and software development to track progress, allocate resources, and ensure the successful delivery of projects. Custom software developers play a key role in understanding clients’ requirements, designing tailored solutions, and implementing them effectively.
Consultancy in software development provides valuable expertise and guidance to organizations looking to optimize their software development processes, adopt best practices, and overcome technical challenges. Personnel management in the IT sector involves hiring, training, and retaining skilled developers to build cohesive teams and drive innovation within the organization.
In conclusion, web and software development are integral components of the information technology landscape, shaping the way we interact with digital platforms and software applications. As technology continues to evolve, the need for proficient web and software developers will only grow, making it a dynamic and rewarding field for professionals seeking to make a significant impact in the digital world. By leveraging the power of web and software development, individuals and organizations can unlock new opportunities, drive efficiencies, and stay ahead in an increasingly competitive market. | <urn:uuid:afcc3249-2f3c-4825-8e59-f886de436487> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://itexus.com/glossary/web-and-software-development-2/ | 2024-10-13T20:43:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.911688 | 559 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Why It Hurts So Much
Ever felt that sharp, piercing pain when trying to put weight on your knee? Whether it’s a sudden injury or a lingering problem, it can be frightening. Let’s break down why this happens.
Case 1: Kevin’s Basketball Injury
Kevin, an avid basketball player, jumped to block a shot, but as he landed, his knee buckled. Immediately, he couldn’t bear weight on it. The cause? A torn meniscus. Meniscus injuries are frequent in athletes due to sudden twists and turns. Without the meniscus absorbing impact and stabilizing the joint, Kevin’s knee couldn’t handle weight. Treatment involved surgery and rehabilitation to regain strength and stability.
The Knee’s Anatomy: Every Part Plays a Role
The knee is like a complex hinge made of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, all working in unison. Each part supports the body’s weight and provides mobility. When even one element is damaged—whether it’s the bones (femur, tibia, patella), the soft tissue, or the ligaments—it can make bearing weight excruciating.
Knee Component | Role | Potential Injury |
Bones (Femur, Tibia, Patella) | Provides structure | Fractures or breaks |
Ligaments (ACL, MCL, etc.) | Stabilizes the knee | Sprains or tears |
Cartilage (Meniscus) | Absorbs shock | Tears, degeneration |
Tendons | Connects muscles to bones | Inflammation, tears |
Case 2: Jessica’s Strain from Overuse
Not every knee issue is sudden or sports-related. Jessica, a 45-year-old office worker, started feeling mild discomfort in her knee after long walks. Over time, it became painful to bear weight, especially after a long day of standing. She was diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome, often referred to as “runner’s knee.” This condition results from overuse or misalignment and is common in both athletes and non-athletes alike. With physical therapy focusing on strengthening the surrounding muscles, Jessica gradually regained her ability to walk without pain.
Causes of Difficulty Bearing Weight
Knee pain can arise from many sources. Here are the most common causes:
1. Acute Injuries
Injuries like ligament tears, fractures, and dislocations can cause immediate and sharp pain when bearing weight. ACL, MCL, or meniscus tears are notorious for rendering the knee unstable.
2. Chronic Conditions
Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis wear down the cartilage, leading to bone-on-bone grinding. This degeneration makes it difficult to move without severe pain.
3. Overuse Injuries
Repetitive stress, common in running or weightlifting, can lead to conditions like tendonitis or bursitis, making weight-bearing painful over time.
Case 3: Mike’s Osteoarthritis Struggles
At 60, Mike found it increasingly difficult to climb stairs. His knees hurt whenever he tried to stand, and even walking short distances became a challenge. His doctor diagnosed him with osteoarthritis, a common condition where the cartilage cushioning the joints wears down over time. While there’s no cure for arthritis, Mike managed his symptoms with a combination of medication, knee braces, and low-impact exercise like swimming.
Practical Solutions for Knee Pain
Dealing with knee pain requires targeted strategies, from home care to medical intervention. Here are some options:
1. RICE Method
Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation are the gold standards for treating minor injuries. Reducing inflammation early can prevent further damage.
2. Physical Therapy
Therapists focus on strengthening the muscles around the knee, improving flexibility, and teaching techniques to avoid future injuries.
In severe cases, such as ligament tears or advanced arthritis, surgery may be the best option. Surgeries like arthroscopy and joint replacement can restore function.
4. Knee Braces and Supports
Using a brace can provide extra support and stability, allowing for limited movement without further injury.
Case 4: Lydia’s Recovery from Surgery
Lydia, an active hiker, faced a torn ACL after a fall on the trails. Post-surgery, she struggled to walk without crutches for weeks. However, after dedicated physical therapy and using a knee brace for support, she regained full function. Her story shows that even after severe injury and surgery, recovery is possible with the right approach.
Know When to Seek Help
Difficulty bearing weight on your knee isn’t something to ignore. Whether it’s a sudden injury or a chronic condition, understanding the root cause is the first step to recovery. Real-life examples like Kevin, Jessica, Mike, and Lydia show the variety of causes and outcomes, from acute injuries to long-term conditions. If you’re facing knee pain, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for a personalized treatment plan. | <urn:uuid:08e0e0f5-378c-45c3-a8e9-729e042b3782> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://iythealth.com/difficulty-bearing-weight-on-affected-knee/ | 2024-10-13T19:54:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.909943 | 1,085 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. A large proportion of cancer deaths are preventablethrough early detection but there are a range of social, emotional, cultural and financial dimensions that hinderthe effectiveness of cancer prevention and treatment efforts. Cancer stigma is one such barrier and is increasinglyrecognized as an important factor influencing health awareness and promotion, and hence, disease prevention andcontrol. The impact and extent of stigma on the cancer early detection and care continuum is poorly understoodin India.
Objectives: To evaluate cancer awareness and stigma from multiple stakeholder perspectives in NorthIndia, including men and women from the general population, health care professionals and educators, andcancer survivors. Materials and
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with in-depth interviews (IDIs)and focus group discussions (FGDs) among 39 individuals over a period of 3 months in 2014. Three groups ofparticipants were chosen purposively - 1) men and women who attended cancer screening camps held by theIndian Cancer Society, Delhi; 2) health care providers and 3) cancer survivors.
Results: Most participants wereunaware of what cancers are in general, their causes and ways of prevention. Attitudes of families towardscancer patients were observed to be positive and caring. Nevertheless, stigma and its impact emerged as a crosscutting theme across all groups. Cost of treatment, lack of awarenes and beliefs in alternate medicines wereidentified as some of the major barriers to seeking care.
Conclusions: This study suggests a need for spreadingawareness, knowledge about cancers and assessing associated impact among the people. Also Future research isrecommended to help eradicate stigma from the society and reduce cancer-related stigma in the Indian context. | <urn:uuid:0a338f91-f708-4d92-9756-517348c8af7d> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://journal.waocp.org/article_31056.html | 2024-10-13T20:29:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.936349 | 343 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Sir Isaac Newton is known for his extraordinary contributions towards science but he also worked in other fields and his curiosity led him to do strange things. Here are 10 interesting facts about Newton that you probably didn’t know.
#1 He STUDIED HARD AT SCHOOL TO TAKE REVENGE ON A BULLY
Newton was bullied by a student in school who also did well in academics. Newton challenged him for a fight and won. It was partly due to his desire to take revenge against this schoolyard bully that Newton became a top ranked student.
#2 HE WAS DEEPLY RELIGIOUS
Though Newton’s scientific work had been used by some people to argue against the existence of God, he himself said, “Gravity explains the motions of the planets, but it cannot explain who set the planets in motion. God governs all things and knows all that is or can be done.” In fact Newton was deeply religious and he wrote more on religion than he wrote on natural sciences.
#3 HE WANTED TO DIVINE FUTURE EVENTS
Newton tried to extract scientific information from the Bible and other religious texts. He learned Hebrew and studied Kabbalism and the Talmud in order to divine future events. One of his predictions was that the world would end in 2060.
#4 HiS BIRTHDAY IS CELEBRATED AS NEWTONMAS
Under the Old Style Julian Calendar, Newton’s birthday falls on December 25. Hence some non-believers celebrate 25 December as Newtonmas, as an alternative to celebrating the religious holiday Christmas. Celebrants exchange boxes of apples and science related items as gifts. The name Newtonmas can be attributed to the Skeptics Society, which needed an alternative name for its Christmas party.
#5 HE STUCK A NEEDLE IN HIS EYE FOR INQUISITIVENESS
Isaac Newton’s inquisitiveness may have led to great discoveries but it also made him do strange things. “To see what would happen” he once stared at the sun with one eye until he could bear it. For the same reason he also once stuck a large needle into his eye socket, twiddled it around and calmly noted that he saw white, dark and coloured circles. Thankfully his eyes were able to recover from these strange experiments.
#6 HE WAS A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT
Sir Isaac Newton was elected as a member of the Parliament for Cambridge University 1689–90 and 1701–2. During his tenure, supposedly, his only comments were to complain about a cold draught in the chamber and request that the window be closed.
#7 HE MADE TWO CAT FLAPS FOR THE CAT AND THE KITTEN
Newton is credited for inventing the cat flap or cat door, a small door within the door for your pet. It is also said that Newton foolishly made a large door for the cat and a smaller one for her kittens, not realizing that the kittens could use the larger one. The accuracy of the story is debated. Newton’s biographers maintain that he owned “neither cat nor dog in his chamber” but it has been verified that there are two holes in his door about the right size for a cat and a kitten to pass through.
#8 He WANTED TO CREATE THE PHILOSOPHER’S STONE
Newton had great interest in alchemy. He spent much time in the study of the alchemists including Jacob Boehme and went on to write 169 books dealing with Alchemy. One of Newton’s aims was to find the Philosopher’s Stone and the Elixir of Life through his experiments.
#9 MERCURY MIGHT Have Caused Him to be ECCENTRIC
Newton’s alchemic experiments with metals often included analysis of taste of which there are 108 documented, including mercury: strong, sourish, and ungrateful. Chemical poisoning as a result of these experiments is often cited as one of the reasons behind Newton’s nervous breakdown in 1693. After his death, Newton’s hair was examined and found to contain high levels of mercury. This might be the cause behind his eccentric behaviour in later life.
#10 NEWTON VS EINSTEIN FOR THE TITLE OF GREATEST PHYSICIST EVER
Albert Einstein is perhaps the only one who comes close to Isaac Newton in contributions towards Physics. He kept a picture of Newton in his study hall. In 1999, an opinion poll of 100 of today’s leading physicists voted Einstein the “greatest physicist ever” with Newton the runner-up, while a parallel survey of rank-and-file physicists by the site PhysicsWeb gave the top spot to Newton. In a 2005 survey Britain’s Royal Society scientists deemed Newton to have made the greater overall contribution towards science. | <urn:uuid:b9dbf3af-a447-4597-b7f0-4d20376218d5> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://learnodo-newtonic.com/10-fun-facts-about-isaac-newton | 2024-10-13T19:39:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.978174 | 1,018 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Khuluk is an Arabic term that means to release, to allow to leave, to exonerate, or to set free. Under Muslim matrimonial law, khuluk means to divorce by redemption. In Malay, this is referred to as tebus talak.
The law allows a wife to seek the releasement or being set free from the bond to her husband. In case the husband refuses to pronounce the divorce (talak), a wife can dissolve the marriage (khuluk). For instance, the husband may pronounce the talak after the wife makes a payment to him.
Allowing divorce by way of khuluk or by redemption or tebus talak expressly regulates the Administration of Muslim Law Act in section 47.
To dissolve the marriage by way of khuluk, both parties, the husband and wife, have to provide consent. Section 47(4) of AMLA empowers the court to assess the amount the wife will have to pay to the husband. Based on what was explained so far, it can be concluded that a divorce by khuluk originates from a wife’s application.
The Holy Quran expressly permits divorce by khuluk.
Here, we will share the Yusuf Ali translation of Chapter 1, Verse 229 (Surah Baqarah):
“A divorce is only permissible twice: after that, the parties should either hold together on equitable terms or separate with kindness. It is not lawful for you (men) to take back any of your gifts (from your wives) except when both parties fear that they would be unable to keep the limits ordained by Allah. If ye (judges) do indeed fear that they would be unable to keep the limits ordained by Allah, there is no blame on either of them if she gives something for her freedom. These are the limits ordained by Allah, so do not transgress them. If any do transgress the limits ordained by Allah such persons wrong (themselves as well as others).”
Some Muslim scholars and the Prophet (pbuh) have subsequently provided clarification and set the rules on this matter.
The principal rules of khuluk
- While a wife may seek divorce from her husband by way of khuluk or independently of khuluk, she may only do so on permissible grounds (permissible under Muslim law.) For instance, a wife may ask for the divorce when she genuinely feels that she has not been capable of correcting her husband’s conduct, despite her best efforts. This includes conduct that offends the tenets or teachings of Islam (i.e., the husband refused to or did not perform the daily obligatory prayers or refused to or did not observe the essential fast in Ramadan).
- The amount the wife receives from her husband (the redemption amount) should not exceed the amount of the dowry (mahr) agreed upon or paid by him at the time their marriage was solemnised. Some Islamic scholars even consider that anything more is forbidden (haram). The wife and the husband may mutually agree upon the redemption amount.
- A wife that asks for a divorce by way of khuluk must be an adult of sound mind. If she is a minor or lacks mental capacity, she has no right to ask and enter into a divorce by khuluk. In the event of a minor, a wali or lawful guardian must intervene and represent her. A wife who lacks mental capacity also must need the intervention of a person who is permitted by law to be her representative in litigation.
- A husband cannot request or initiate a divorce by way of khuluk. Only the wife has this right.
- Parties cannot revoke a marriage by way of reconciliation (rujuk) in the case of khuluk. In the event of a divorce by khuluk, it affects a talak bain sughra. The wife and husband may get back together after divorce by khuluk. In such case, they must remarry and repeat the solemnisation (nikah) ceremony. The husband must pay the dowry or mahr to the wife once more.
- A divorce by way of khuluk is not viewed or counted as a talak. It does not reduce the number of talak left in a marriage. For instance, a husband may have divorced his wife on two separate occasions. If the husband afterward divorces the wife by way of khuluk, this last divorce does not count as the third or final talak, or even talak bain kubra. After this previous divorce (by khuluk), the husband can immediately remarry his wife.
- If the wife has been divorced by way of khuluk, she does not have the right to receive nafkah iddah because there was no iddah period during which the wife and her husband may reconcile. However, the Syariah Court and the Appeal Board have held that she must receive mutaah from her husband.
- Eventually, a divorce by way of khuluk has no bearing on the issues of division of marital assets or custody of the minor children of the marriage. This will be decided by the court under established principles and practices. | <urn:uuid:2d72e7be-1f21-4a44-b993-1c37f321a18e> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://legalsmart.com.sg/legal-services-singapore-insights/syariah-lawyer-singapore/divorce-by-khuluk | 2024-10-13T21:05:51Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.971358 | 1,063 | 3 | 3 |
Portugal’s literary legacy shines brightly, with luminaries like Pessoa illuminating its past and modern authors carrying forth the torch of creativity. Within contemporary Portuguese literature lies a tapestry of diverse themes and styles, reflecting the nation’s cultural richness. Through this exploration, we uncover the profound narratives and global impact of emerging authors, showcasing Portugal’s enduring influence on the literary world. Join us as we navigate the vibrant landscape of Portuguese storytelling.
Contemporary Portuguese fiction thrives with authors exploring diverse themes, from identity and memory to societal changes and human relationships. Let’s delve into the worlds of three leading authors:
José Luís Peixoto
- Biography: Born in 1974, José Luís Peixoto emerged as a significant voice in Portuguese literature. He grew up in the Alentejo region, which influenced much of his writing.
- Writing Style: Peixoto’s prose is marked by poetic lyricism and vivid imagery, capturing the essence of rural life and human emotions.
- Notable Work: “Blank Gaze” (2000) – This novel delves into the intricacies of family dynamics against the backdrop of Portugal’s changing landscape.
Dulce Maria Cardoso
- Biography: Dulce Maria Cardoso was born in Trás-os-Montes in 1964 and spent part of her childhood in Angola, an experience that deeply informs her writing.
- Writing Style: Cardoso’s writing is characterized by its rawness and authenticity, often delving into themes of exile, displacement, and the complexities of memory.
- Notable Work: The Return (O Retorno) (2011): Winner of the Special Critics’ Prize, this novel explores themes of memory and loss.
Portuguese poetry continues to enchant readers with its emotive language and profound insights into the human condition. Here are two poets making waves:
Ana Luísa Amaral
- Biography: Ana Luísa Amaral was born in 1956 in Lisbon. She is a professor at the University of Porto and has published numerous poetry collections.
- Writing Style: Amaral’s poetry is marked by its introspective exploration of identity, love, and the natural world, often infused with a feminist perspective.
- Notable Work: Minha Senhora de Quê (Mistress of What) (1990): This debut collection marked her entry into the Portuguese women’s poetry movement, referencing Maria Teresa Horta’s earlier work.
- Biography: Nuno Júdice, born in 1949 in the Algarve region, is not only a poet but also a prolific essayist and translator.
- Writing Style: Júdice’s poetry is characterized by its formal elegance and philosophical depth, exploring themes of time, memory, and the human condition.
- Notable Work: “A Noção de Poema” (1972) – Júdice’s debut poetry collection, which explores themes of identity, memory, and language.
Other Notable Genres
Contemporary Portuguese literature showcases a vibrant tapestry of genres. Alongside the prominence of fiction and poetry, the landscape also flourishes with compelling drama and thought-provoking non-fiction. This diversity enriches readers with a plethora of narratives and perspectives, fostering a deep appreciation for the multifaceted nature of Portuguese literary expression.
Contemporary Portuguese authors are experiencing a surge in global recognition, as their literary achievements transcend borders, reaching audiences worldwide through translations and prestigious accolades. This elevated status not only amplifies Portugal’s literary presence globally but also facilitates cultural exchange and mutual appreciation. Through their works, these authors serve as ambassadors of Portuguese culture, bridging diverse linguistic and cultural landscapes, enriching the global literary tapestry with their unique perspectives and narratives.
In conclusion, the exploration of contemporary Portuguese literature reveals a dynamic and diverse landscape where authors like José Luís Peixoto and Dulce Maria Cardoso captivate readers with their profound narratives. Ana Luisa Amaral and Nuno Júdice enchant with their evocative poetry, while other genres like drama and non-fiction offer further richness to Portugal’s literary scene. With increasing international recognition, these authors serve as cultural ambassadors, fostering global understanding and appreciation of Portuguese storytelling traditions.
Embark on a literary voyage tracing the evolution of Portuguese expression, from its earliest roots to the blossoming of artistic brilliance during the Renaissance period. | <urn:uuid:54a0c4cc-2e05-4e29-95ab-56ba9e4f7daf> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://letrasausentes.com/leading-contemporary-portuguese-authors/ | 2024-10-13T19:19:10Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.922335 | 936 | 2.515625 | 3 |
When Did Pension Funds Start?
Published: January 23, 2024
Discover the origins of pension funds and their impact on finance. Explore the history and evolution of pension funds in the world of finance.
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Table of Contents
Pension funds play a pivotal role in the financial landscape, providing a source of income for individuals during retirement. These funds are designed to ensure financial security for retirees, offering a means to sustain their standard of living after leaving the workforce. Understanding the origins and evolution of pension funds can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms that support retirement planning today.
The concept of pension funds has a rich history, dating back centuries. Over time, these funds have undergone significant transformations, adapting to the changing needs of societies and economies. Exploring the early roots and subsequent development of pension funds sheds light on their profound impact on individuals, businesses, and the broader financial system.
This article delves into the history of pension funds, tracing their evolution from ancient civilizations to the modern era. By examining the historical context and the pivotal milestones that shaped pension funds, we can gain a deeper appreciation for their enduring significance. Furthermore, we will explore the vital role that pension funds play in the economy, along with the challenges they face in today's dynamic financial environment. Through this exploration, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the past, present, and future of pension funds, illuminating their enduring importance in the realm of personal finance and retirement planning.
Early History of Pension Funds
The concept of providing financial support to individuals in their later years has roots that can be traced back to ancient civilizations. In ancient Rome, soldiers were promised pensions as a form of reward for their military service. This early form of pension, known as a stipendium, exemplified the fundamental principle of providing financial security to individuals after years of dedicated service.
Similarly, in the 17th century, the Dutch East India Company established one of the earliest pension funds for its employees. This pioneering initiative laid the groundwork for the structured provision of retirement benefits, marking a significant milestone in the evolution of pension systems.
During the Industrial Revolution, as urbanization and industrialization transformed societies, the need for formalized retirement plans became increasingly apparent. In response to this societal shift, various industries and employers began implementing pension schemes to ensure the well-being of their aging workforce. These early pension arrangements often took the form of defined benefit plans, wherein retirees received a predetermined amount based on their years of service and salary history.
The 19th century witnessed the emergence of government-led pension programs, notably exemplified by the Old-Age Pensions Act of 1908 in the United Kingdom. This legislation marked a significant step toward establishing a comprehensive state pension system, reflecting a growing recognition of the state’s responsibility to support aging citizens.
Throughout history, the evolution of pension funds has been shaped by societal, economic, and legislative developments. These early forms of pension provision laid the groundwork for the sophisticated retirement planning mechanisms that exist today, underscoring the enduring importance of financial security in old age.
Development of Modern Pension Funds
The evolution of pension funds from rudimentary arrangements to sophisticated modern systems reflects the dynamic interplay of economic, social, and legislative factors. The 20th century witnessed a paradigm shift in the structure and management of pension funds, catalyzed by significant historical events and changing demographic trends.
Following the devastation of World War II, many nations recognized the imperative of establishing comprehensive social security systems to support their citizens, particularly the elderly. This era saw the proliferation of government-sponsored pension programs, aimed at providing a safety net for retirees and mitigating the risks associated with old age and financial insecurity.
Simultaneously, the private sector witnessed a surge in the adoption of employer-sponsored pension plans, marking a pivotal transition toward modern pension fund management. Defined contribution plans, such as 401(k) accounts in the United States, gained prominence, offering employees greater control over their retirement savings and investment decisions.
The advent of modern portfolio theory and the rise of institutional investing further transformed the landscape of pension fund management. Institutional investors, including pension funds, embraced diversified investment strategies, encompassing equities, fixed income securities, real estate, and alternative assets. This shift toward a more diversified investment approach aimed to optimize returns and mitigate risk, aligning with the long-term nature of pension fund liabilities.
Moreover, the regulatory framework governing pension funds underwent substantial refinement, emphasizing transparency, accountability, and prudential oversight. Regulatory bodies and industry standards set stringent guidelines to safeguard pension assets and uphold fiduciary responsibilities, ensuring the prudent management of funds to fulfill future pension obligations.
Today, the development of modern pension funds reflects a convergence of public and private initiatives, underpinned by a commitment to fostering retirement security and financial well-being. The evolution of pension fund management continues to be shaped by technological advancements, demographic shifts, and evolving economic paradigms, reaffirming the pivotal role of pension funds in the fabric of contemporary retirement planning.
Role of Pension Funds in the Economy
Pension funds exert a profound influence on the economy, serving as key institutional investors that allocate substantial capital across a diverse spectrum of financial assets. Their role extends beyond providing retirement benefits, encompassing significant contributions to capital markets, corporate governance, and long-term economic stability.
One of the primary functions of pension funds in the economy is their role as major investors in financial markets. Through their substantial asset holdings, pension funds contribute to the efficient allocation of capital, facilitating economic growth and innovation. By channeling funds into equities, bonds, and alternative investments, pension funds support businesses, infrastructure projects, and entrepreneurial ventures, fostering a conducive environment for economic expansion.
Furthermore, pension funds play a pivotal role in influencing corporate governance and shareholder activism. As significant shareholders in publicly traded companies, pension funds wield considerable influence in advocating for sound corporate governance practices, ethical conduct, and sustainable business strategies. Their active engagement with corporate management fosters transparency, accountability, and long-term value creation, thereby contributing to the overall health of the economy.
Moreover, pension funds serve as stabilizing forces in financial markets, particularly during periods of volatility and economic uncertainty. Their long-term investment horizon and risk-mitigation strategies provide a counterbalance to short-term market fluctuations, bolstering market resilience and investor confidence. This stability is instrumental in sustaining the health of the broader economy, as pension funds act as steadfast institutional investors with enduring commitments to their beneficiaries.
In addition to their impact on financial markets and corporate governance, pension funds play a crucial role in fostering intergenerational equity and social cohesion. By facilitating long-term savings and investment, pension funds contribute to the equitable distribution of wealth across generations, ensuring that individuals can maintain financial security in retirement. This intergenerational wealth transfer promotes social stability and economic resilience, underpinning the sustainability of the broader societal framework.
Overall, the multifaceted role of pension funds in the economy underscores their significance as influential institutional investors and custodians of long-term financial stability. Their contributions extend beyond providing retirement income, encompassing pivotal functions that shape the dynamics of capital markets, corporate governance, and societal well-being, thereby cementing their status as integral pillars of the global economy.
Challenges Faced by Pension Funds
Despite their pivotal role in retirement planning and the broader economy, pension funds encounter a myriad of challenges that underscore the complexity of their operations and the evolving financial landscape. These challenges encompass demographic shifts, investment uncertainties, regulatory dynamics, and sustainability concerns, posing formidable hurdles to the effective management of pension assets and the fulfillment of long-term obligations.
Demographic transitions, characterized by aging populations and declining birth rates in many regions, present a significant challenge to pension funds. The imbalance between active contributors and retirees places strain on pension systems, necessitating innovative strategies to ensure the sustainability of retirement benefits amid shifting demographic dynamics. Addressing this demographic challenge requires adaptive measures, such as raising retirement ages, enhancing workforce participation, and exploring diversified investment avenues to bolster pension fund viability.
Furthermore, pension funds grapple with the complexities of investment risk and market volatility, particularly in an era marked by geopolitical uncertainties and macroeconomic fluctuations. The pursuit of robust investment returns while managing risk exposure demands astute portfolio diversification, rigorous stress testing, and agile asset allocation strategies to navigate the intricacies of global financial markets, thereby safeguarding pension fund assets and preserving long-term solvency.
Regulatory compliance and governance imperatives constitute another formidable challenge for pension funds. Evolving regulatory frameworks, accounting standards, and fiduciary responsibilities necessitate rigorous adherence to compliance measures, transparency mandates, and prudent risk management practices. Striking a balance between regulatory conformity and investment agility remains a perpetual challenge for pension fund managers, requiring adept navigation of legal complexities and regulatory nuances to ensure robust governance and operational resilience.
Moreover, the imperative of sustainability and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations presents a pressing challenge for pension funds. Integrating ESG principles into investment strategies, aligning with ethical mandates, and addressing climate-related risks demand a holistic approach to responsible investing. Balancing financial returns with sustainable impact and ethical stewardship poses a multifaceted challenge, compelling pension funds to adopt progressive ESG frameworks and sustainable investment paradigms to fortify their long-term sustainability.
In navigating these multifaceted challenges, pension funds must embrace innovation, adaptive strategies, and collaborative partnerships to fortify their resilience and sustain their pivotal role in retirement security and economic stability. By proactively addressing demographic, investment, regulatory, and sustainability challenges, pension funds can chart a resilient course toward fulfilling their fiduciary obligations and advancing the welfare of retirees in an ever-evolving financial landscape.
The evolution of pension funds from ancient stipends to modern retirement planning mechanisms epitomizes their enduring significance in fostering financial security and economic stability. The historical trajectory of pension funds underscores their pivotal role in supporting retirees, shaping capital markets, and influencing corporate governance, thereby embodying their multifaceted impact on the fabric of the global economy.
As custodians of long-term financial well-being, pension funds navigate a complex landscape fraught with demographic, investment, regulatory, and sustainability challenges. The imperative of addressing these challenges underscores the resilience and adaptability required to sustain the vital functions of pension funds, ensuring the fulfillment of retirement obligations and the preservation of economic equilibrium.
Looking ahead, the future of pension funds hinges on innovative strategies, adaptive governance, and sustainable investment paradigms. Embracing technological advancements, ESG integration, and collaborative partnerships will fortify the resilience of pension funds, enabling them to navigate demographic transitions, market uncertainties, regulatory dynamics, and sustainability imperatives with unwavering efficacy.
Ultimately, the enduring role of pension funds in the economy transcends their function as financial vehicles for retirement income. They embody the commitment to intergenerational equity, sustainable wealth transfer, and enduring economic stability, cementing their status as indispensable pillars of the global financial landscape. By addressing the multifaceted challenges and embracing progressive strategies, pension funds will continue to serve as stalwart guardians of retirement security and steadfast contributors to the prosperity of future generations. | <urn:uuid:e10341c8-3a84-40b7-970f-31a5e299304e> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://livewell.com/finance/when-did-pension-funds-start/ | 2024-10-13T20:25:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.915888 | 2,294 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is the next & the last Vitamin in the B complex group.
On Loaded Health the series of Vitamins already covered Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B7 & Vitamin B9. The next to be discussed is Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin).
Let’s start the discussion on Vitamin B12: its mechanism, sources, benefits, deficiency, diseases, and side effects.
This Article Contains
What Vitamin B12 is Good For?
Vitamin B12 is good for many things within the body including:
- Helps in promoting blood cells growth
- Increase the strength of the nerve cells
- Helps in the production of genetic material – DNA
- Boost immunity and give strength.
Sources of Cobalamin
Richest sources of B12 includes:
- Beef liver 3oz = 70.7 mcg (2944% Daily Value)
- Clams 3oz = 17 mcg (708% DV)
- Tuna 3oz = 9.3 mcg (385% DV)
- Yeast ¼ cup = 8.3 – 24mcg (346% DV)
- Salmon 3oz = 2.6 mcg (108% DV)
- Ground beef 3oz = 2.4 mcg (100% DV)
- Milk 1 cup = 1.3 mcg (54% DV)
- Yogurt 6oz = 1 mcg (43% DV)
- Breakfast cereals 1 serving = 0.6 mcg (25% DV)
- Cheddar cheese 1.5 oz = 0.5 mcg (19% DV)
- 1 egg = 0.5 mcg (19% DV)
- Turkey 3oz = 0.3 mcg (14% DV)
Types of Vitamin B12
There are mainly 4 variants of Vitamin B12 as listed below:
Natural coenzyme of B12 that is found in raw food sources.
Another natural co-enzyme like methylcobalamin is found in raw food sources.
A synthetic form of B12 is converted into one of the 2 natural co-enzymes within the body to function. It is found in supplements and fortified foods.
A highly bioavailable form of B12 is used as a medicine to treat severe B12 deficiencies. Available in the injectable form mostly.
Functions of Cobalamin
The following are the main benefits/functions of cobalamin:
- Aids in lowering homocysteine levels
- May lower the risk of heart disease
- Assists in the formation of new cells as well as the breakdown of some amino acids and fatty acids
- Helps to protect nerve cells and promotes their regular growth
- Assists in the formation of red blood cells
- Supports the health of your body’s blood and nerve cells
- Create and regulate DNA (the genetic material in all of your cells)
- Bits of help prevent megaloblastic anemia (a blood condition that makes people tired and weak)
- Improve mood and symptoms of depression
- Contributes to energy production and fatty acid synthesis
- Supports Healthy Hair, Skin, and Nails
- Prevent major birth defects
- Assists the human body in absorbing folic acid, allowing energy to be released
Cobalamin Dosage / B12 Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)
Harvard Health Publishing, recommended a daily dose of vitamin B12 as follows:
An average adult man and woman requires 2.4 mcg (micrograms) per day. Cobalamin can be used in a variety of ways, so your doctor can prescribe the proper dosage for you. In-depth RDA includes:
Birth to 6 months 0.4 mcg
Infants 7–12 months 0.5 mcg
Children 1–3 years 0.9 mcg
Children 4–8 years 1.2 mcg
Children 9–13 years 1.8 mcg
Teens 14–18 years 2.4 mcg
Adults 2.4 mcg
Pregnant teens and women 2.6 mcg
Breastfeeding 2.8 mcg
Vitamin B12 Supplements
Supplements are present in usually 2 forms hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin. Other common forms are adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin which usually occur in natural food options.
Supplements with varying amounts of vitamin B12 are available. Some companies sell vitamin B12 levels that are far greater than suggested, such as 500 mcg or 1,000 mcg, but your body only absorbs a small portion of it. These dosages are regarded as safe.
Available in the form of capsules, tablets, injections. Vitamin B12 can also be taken as a liquid that is dissolved under the tongue (called sublingual vitamin B12). There is no evidence that one type of supplemental vitamin B12 is superior to another.
Health and Cobalamin (B12)
According to certain studies, those who have high amounts of vitamin B12 have a higher cancer risk. However, some evidence suggests that those with low amounts of vitamin B12 have a higher risk of cancer, or that vitamin B12 levels have no effect on cancer risk. To determine whether vitamin B12 levels increase cancer risk, more research is needed.
HEART & BRAIN
Supplementing with vitamin B12 (together with other B vitamins) lowers homocysteine levels in the blood, a chemical associated with an elevated risk of heart attack or stroke. However, despite lowering homocysteine levels, evidence demonstrates that these vitamins do not affect the risk of cardiovascular disease or stroke.
Vitamin B12 deficiency can harm your bones, therefore it’s important to keep your levels up. A study of almost 2,500 adults found that people who were deficient in vitamin B12 had lower than normal bone mineral density.
Reduced mineral density in the bones can cause them to become brittle and fragile over time, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Other research has linked low vitamin B12 levels to poor bone health and osteoporosis, particularly in women.
The majority of research suggests that low vitamin B12 levels in the blood do not affect the likelihood of a cognitive decline in older persons, whether or not they have dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. To further understand the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on cognitive performance in older persons, more clinical trials are needed.
Macular degeneration is a condition related to eye problems that primarily affect central vision. Vitamin B12 deficiency may contribute to the development of age-related macular degeneration. Supplementing with vitamin B12, a type of amino acid found in the plasma, may lower homocysteine levels, according to research.
HEALTHY SKIN, HAIR & NAILS
Vitamin B12’s involvement in cell creation necessitates proper quantities to ensure healthy hair, skin, and nails. In reality, insufficient vitamin B12 levels can cause hyperpigmentation, nail discoloration, hair changes, vitiligo (skin color loss in areas), and angular stomatitis, among other dermatologic symptoms (inflamed and cracked mouth corners). Supplementing with vitamin B12 has been found to help persons with B12 deficiency improve their dermatologic symptoms.
There is no proof that vitamin B-12 pills can increase your energy or make you a better athlete unless you have a vitamin B-12 deficiency.
ENERGY & ENDURANCE
Vitamin B12 supplements are frequently promoted by manufacturers as aids to energy, athletic performance, and endurance. However, in those who get adequate B12 from their diet, vitamin B12 does not provide these benefits.
Deficiency of Vitamin B12 / Cobalamin Deficiency
Following are the signs and symptoms of B12 deficiency:
- Pale skin
- Heart palpitations
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Hands and feet might become numb or tingly (a sign of nerve problems)
- Problems with balance
- Poor memory
- Soreness of the mouth or tongue
Vitamin B12 insufficiency in babies manifests itself in several ways
- Failure to thrive
- Delays in reaching the typical developmental milestones
- Megaloblastic anemia
DISORDERS LEADS TO DEFICIENCY
- Pernicious anemia
- Crohn’s disease
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Whipple’s disease
- Parasitic infections
- Terminal ileal resection
- Atrophic gastritis
- H.Pylori infection
- Long term Antacid use
- Long term alcohol use
Cobalamin Side Effects/Toxicity
Vitamin B-12 has a very low risk of adverse effects. It isn’t regarded as poisonous in large concentrations, and even 1000-mcg dosages aren’t considered detrimental.
Cyanocobalamin is a supplement that comes in an injectable form and contains traces of cyanide, a dangerous chemical. As a result, several people are concerned about the prospective consequences. These traces are found in many fruits and vegetables, and they are not regarded as a severe health risk. People with kidney illness, on the other hand, should avoid using this type of supplement.
Common side effects include:
- Itching and redness
- Abnormal movements
- Decrease potassium in the blood
- Heart failure
- Allergic reaction
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
DOES VITAMIN B12 DAMAGE YOUR LIVER?
Not usually, but if taken in a very high dose for a long time can lead to drug-induced jaundice and liver injury.
DOES B12 RAISE BLOOD PRESSURE?
No, it tends to regulate blood pressure healthily.
CAN B12 CAUSE ANXIETY?
B12 can’t cause anxiety but its deficiency does. If you are deficient in B12 you are more prone to mental disorders like anxiety and depression.
WHAT MEDICATIONS SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN WITH B12?
There is a huge list of medications that should not be taken with B12 supplement or any other multivitamin supplement as these slow down the effective absorption of B12.
DOES B12 RAISE HEART RATE?
No, B12 does not lead to a raised heart rate but its deficiency did lead to increased heart rate to copy up with anemia associated with low B12 levels.
The Bottom Line
Vitamin B12 is needed by the body to function adequately. Even the highest doses are usually safe. Both are available in natural and supplemental form.
You must start taking the supplement after discussing it with your health expert to avoid side effects and always take it within its RDA.
Follow Loaded Health for more updates on the micronutrients in the upcoming and previous articles. | <urn:uuid:303f54fa-4bde-4b4b-99f7-a1ef11989e43> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://loadedhealth.com/vitamin-b12-cobalamin/ | 2024-10-13T19:42:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.902505 | 2,289 | 2.703125 | 3 |
This Day in History — China Discovered Feathered Dinosaurs
I'll never forget the feeling I had on January 22, 2003, when I learned that Chinese scientists had found dinosaur fossils with four feathered wings. That feeling was: awesome.
Any time the miniscule amount of knowledge that I have managed to retain from elementary school is challenged or debunked, I get irrationally upset. When Pluto was downgraded to a star and I had to mentally change the acronym to: My Very Eager Mother Just Served us Nachos, I was just as devastated as when scientists "decided" that the Brontosaurus "never existed." Don't even get me started on all of those poor people who don't have Aspergers Syndrome anymore -- if you're going to face a struggle your whole life, the least they could do is let you keep the hilarious name.
This news was an important exception to that rule though, because it made the story even better than the original. Lesson learned: Not only were dinosaurs gigantic, terrifying, flesh-hungry beasts, but they were also ridiculous looking.
Learning that dinosaurs were so closely related to birds also made birds a lot creepier -- it's sort of funny to imagine that the tiny sparrow sitting on the tree branch as you pass would love nothing more than to eviscerate you, if it weren't for his teeny, tiny beak. | <urn:uuid:38d2635a-7124-4dd9-98cf-89d655c236c8> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://lonestar995fm.com/this-day-in-history-feathered-dinosaurs/ | 2024-10-13T20:09:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.984859 | 291 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The news archive provides access to past news stories from Communications of the ACM and other sources by date.
Fewer children in the U.K. are developing the digital skills that employers and government say are vital.
The city of Portland, OR, hopes to reduce traffic-related fatalities by equipping streetlights with sensors programmed to constantly detect speed and motion data.
Researchers used a robot developed to can perform eye surgery on humans to help six patients who needed a membrane removed from their retina to improve their vision.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers reduced the size and power consumption of a computer chip they designed in 2017 to help honeybee-sized drones navigate.
One of the earliest attempts to estimate the number of genes in the human genome involved tipsy geneticists, a bar in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, and pure guesswork.
The Iowa Board of Education has adopted suggested computer science standards, which set new learning goals for students.
Harvey Mudd College researchers have developed a novel autonomous underwater vehicle that can explore the sea floor looking for signs of wrecked ships.
A new machine learning algorithm can spot specific patterns in mathematical structures and apply them to extract interesting sequences from randomly generated ones.
Robotic management can help ensure that plants and trees in public spaces grow in desired shapes and sizes.
"Before we work on artificial intelligence, why don't we do something about natural stupidity?" computer scientist Steve Polyak once joked.
For the first time, astronomers have directly imaged the formation and expansion of a fast-moving jet of material ejected when the powerful gravity of a supermassive black hole ripped apart a star that wandered too close to the…
Researchers have determined that smartphone motion sensors could be exploited to compromise speech privacy, albeit in limited situations.
Researchers used deep learning to develop a drone surveillance system that automatically detects small groups of people fighting each other.
Researchers have developed a method for algorithmically gauging manipulation of published scientific results.
The first phase of the GoFly Prize competition for one-person air vehicles has yielded 10 diverse concepts.
The University of Arizona is running a project designed to introduce visually impaired middle and high school students to career possibilities in STEM.
Researchers used artificial intelligence methods to learn of previously unknown political and cultural events which took place in a forgotten corner of the Austrian Empire.
The Trump administration's new sanctions on Russia are casting light on the threat posed to the undersea cables that carry the world's electronic communications between continents.
The professor was incredulous.
There are enough seismometers around these days to detect and locate nearly all earthquakes on land, except the most minuscule ones.
The marine division of Rolls-Royce has introduced a situational awareness and intelligence system to reduce the risk of ferry collisions and night-time groundings.
IBM researchers have developed a system that translates offensive comments on social media into more polite language, while keeping the content intact.
Researchers have developed an ultra-high-frequency radio-frequency identification tag-sensor configuration that senses spikes in glucose and wirelessly transmits that information.
Between last year and this year, the number of students taking the Advanced Placement Computer Science Principles exam increased by about 50%.
Self-learning software can predict actions five minutes into the future by first learning typical sequences of events from video footage, and then predicting actions to follow in new situations.
Since China banned fireworks across more than 400 cities to reduce pollution, a new entertainment has emerged to fill the skies: drone swarms.
Ice losses from Antarctica have tripled since 2012, increasing global sea levels by 0.12 inch (3 millimeters) in that timeframe alone, according to a major new international climate assessment funded by NASA and the European …
One of the most significant scientific developments of recent times has been the five separate observations of the elusive ripples in space-time known as gravitational waves.
The world's largest navy explores the use of additive manufacturing for spare parts, with an eye toward eventually building ships that way. | <urn:uuid:96a34d0f-7f6b-4678-9a77-5b0dcd51e1b6> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://m.acmwebvm01.acm.org/news/archive/?p=3&month_and_year=6-2018 | 2024-10-13T20:12:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.932901 | 815 | 2.65625 | 3 |
In the last article, we saw how feudalism formed independent of the King. Essentially speaking, however, the King was not affected by this development. He continued to be the symbol of the supreme power. He also maintained, in principle, the power to govern that great organic whole of autonomous regions and cities, which at the time constituted the nation.
The medieval city developed in competition with feudalism |
Even when the King was relatively powerless during that period of fecund disarticulation that encouraged the rise of feudalism, he continued to represent a great deal as a symbol, a reminder of the past and a hope for the future.
Charlemagne wanted to unite Europe under a single Emperor who would rule over all the various kingdoms. The Emperor would be a kind of Rex Regum, King of Kings, who would unify the Catholic kingdoms to present a single front against foreign enemies. This was also the desire of the Popes – to establish an imperial power that could lead all of Europe.
This plan was not realized because of the indifference and lack of discipline of the medieval Princes, who on many occasions did not live up to the principles they represented. If they would have respected the dignity of the Emperor and the plan of the Holy See to make one empire of all Christendom, History would be different.
Under the Emperor would be Kings, such as under the Empire created by Bismarck. There were the Kings of Prussia, Bavaria, Wurtemberg and Saxony, along with other less important sovereign Princes. This model realized in Germany in the 19th century under Protestant and Masonic inspiration was, in fact, the plan of the Papacy to be realized earlier under a much different spirit by all the European peoples around the Catholic Emperor.
Charlemagne's plan was to unite the Medieval Kings under one Empire |
If this would have come to pass after Charlemagne, the Crusades would have benefited from a unity of command, which would have given them a much greater facility to win and maintain the victories. The sad side of the Crusades constitutes the internal rivalries among Catholics that arose because of the lack of obedience to a supreme political authority.
The second Crusade, for example, ended practically before the fight against the Muslims began because the King of France quarreled with the King of England. This could have been avoided if an imperial authority, following that initial plan of the Popes, had been ruling. As a consequence, the Muslims would have been pushed back beyond Pakistan, and North Africa and the Holy Land would have been free of their presence. The map of the world would be different, and today the Sepulcher of Our Lord Jesus Christ would not be in the hands of infidels.
The feudal wars
Many historians see dangerous intrinsic factors of disunion in European feudalism, the autonomy of the various regions, and its correspondent conception of property. However, experience has shown that autonomy in itself is not a factor of disunion. For example, no one of good sense sees factors of disunion in the autonomy of the federative republics of the three Americas. On the contrary, such autonomy propitiates agile, practical and fecund relationships among regions and States, which reflects an intelligent understanding of the political-social reality.
Regionalism does not automatically lead to hostility among the parts, or hostility between the parts and the whole. Regionalism stimulates a harmonic autonomy that allows the people to share the riches of the spiritual and material goods common to all regions, as well as to enjoy those characteristic of their own particular region.
Why do historians think that feudalism gives rises to disunity? If one considers the European States before the French Revolution and compares them with the medieval States, it appears that there were fewer internal wars in the former than the latter. Then, those historians ask: What factor existed in the Middle Ages that ceased to exist by the time of the Ancien Regime? Their answer is: Feudalism and regionalism.
Although wars were many in the medieval period, they were mostly small-scale affairs with few casualities |
Thus, they deduce that feudalism and regionalism are the causes for those many internal wars and quarrels of the Middle Ages. Consequently, they judge that the autonomy of those multiple regions and states should be done away with. To replace them, a single strong central government should be established, the Modern State that abides no interference in its government of the whole.
This is very simplistic reasoning.
In the Middle Ages, a different factor was responsible for the danger of disunity.
Certain peoples, like the post-communist Slavs, have the vice of doing as little as possible; they prefer to live in laziness. One can see that they acquired this vice under Communism, and after some independence was given to them, they did not want to abandon it. They prefer to live even in misery rather than shake off their far niente [doing nothing].
For other peoples, to wage war can easily become a vice. We see this, for example, with many Indian tribes. One tribe habitually wages war against another. Is it a question of borders that they are fighting for? No, because among the Indians there are no fixed borders in the forests. Many of these tribes are nomads, yet they wage war as much as the others. It is not a matter of property or borders. They wage war because they have the bad custom to do so. For them to wage war is enjoyable, just as the Slavs enjoy doing nothing. They love to go to war.
Such pleasure for war, which is abhorred in our pacifistic modern times, was also a habit among the pre-medieval barbarians at the time of the Romans. They loved to be always quarreling among themselves and waging war.
Then, when they encountered the Romans, they started to wage war against them. After the Romans of the West were defeated, these German barbarians became more or less the lords of Europe. They continued their wars because of their habit of waging war. This is the origin of the eternal medieval quarrel. The German barbarians had already begun to be tamed insofar as the influence of the Church grew and created the desire for a Catholic peace: The peace of Christ in the Reign of Christ, as defined by St. Augustine.
The historians do not want to take this factor into consideration. They prefer to blame feudalism and regionalism as the cause for the many medieval wars. This judgment, however, lacks objectivity and favors a revolutionary centralization of power.
A Taste for Fighting - In this 11th century illustration of a naval battle, two crews fight it out hand to hand, encouraged by military musicians |
Posted September 24, 2007
Prof. Plinio |
Organic Society was a theme dear to the late Prof. Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira. He addressed this topic on countless occasions during his life - at times in lectures for the formation of his disciples, at times in meetings with friends who gathered to study the social aspects and history of Christendom, at times just in passing.
Atila S. Guimarães selected excerpts of these lectures and conversations from the trancripts of tapes and his own personal notes. He translated and adapted them into articles for the TIA website. In these texts fidelity to the original ideas and words is kept as much as possible.
Related Topics of Interest
The Personality of Charlemagne
Vocations of the European Peoples
The Organic Formation of Feudalism
Overview: Revolution and Counter-Revolution
What is Organic Society?
The Decline of Feudalism and Growth of the Modern State
Departure for the Crusade: A Desire for Sublimity
Groups of Friends and Guilds | <urn:uuid:aa0b75de-1956-4c5e-8728-4f64e5434e27> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://mail.traditioninaction.org/OrganicSociety/A_013_MedievalWars.html | 2024-10-13T19:54:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.971767 | 1,607 | 4 | 4 |
What is Fluorosis – How to Prevent and Treat ItFluoride protects our teeth, but too much exposure to fluoride could cause a condition known as fluorosis. Fluorosis is a mild change in the appearance of the teeth, usually characterized by faint white marks on the teeth. Fluorosis doesn’t cause pain or affect the function of the teeth. The condition occurs due to excessive exposure to fluoride before the age of 8 years, when most permanent teeth are forming. Fluorosis is not a disease and does not affect the health of your teeth. In most cases, the symptoms of fluorosis are so minor that only a doctor can notice them during a dental examination. This dental condition has no effect on tooth function and might even protect your teeth against tooth decay. Let’s dig into this topic with our Molson Park Family dentist in Barrie. The Symptoms of Fluorosis What are the symptoms of fluorosis? If a child’s teeth are affected by fluorosis, they may appear slightly discoloured. In mild cases of fluorosis, the teeth may contain lacy white markings that only a dentist can detect. However, in severe cases of fluorosis, the teeth can have surface irregularities, stains that could range from yellow to dark brown, and highly noticeable pits. What Causes Fluorosis? Inappropriate use of dental products that contain fluoride is the leading cause of fluorosis in children. These products include mouthwash and toothpaste. Some children love the taste of fluoridated toothpaste; when brushing, they often swallow it instead of spitting it out. The other causes of fluorosis include an overdose of fluoride supplements in early childhood. A fluoride overdose may result when a child takes fluoride supplements when they are already getting sufficient fluoride from the water they drink or fluoride-fortified juices. Fluoride is present in drinking water; consuming water whose fluoride levels exceed the recommended range could result in fluorosis. If you live in an area where the natural fluoride levels are more than two parts per million, you should seek an alternative source of drinking water for your children. Types of Fluorosis – What is the Problem with Fluorosis? Fluorosis could range from mild to severe. Mild fluorosis is characterized by tiny white streaks or specks on the teeth, while severe fluorosis is characterized by mottled teeth or dark brown spots on the teeth. Teeth that haven’t been affected by fluorosis are pale creamy, white and feel smooth and flossy. You should contact a dentist if you notice mottling of teeth in your child or if your child has one or more discoloured teeth. Dentists rate the severity of fluorosis using the following categories: Questionable Very mild Mild Moderate Severe For very mild fluorosis, your child may have paper-white areas that spread over 25% of the tooth surface. For mild fluorosis, the teeth have white areas that cover less than 50% of the tooth surface. Your child has moderate fluorosis if the white opaque areas affect more than 50% of the teeth surface. If the tooth has severe fluorosis, the entire tooth surface may be affected, and the teeth may also have pitting. How to Prevent Fluorosis Children are at risk of developing fluorosis until around the age of 8 years, when the teeth are still forming beneath the gums. The best way to prevent fluorosis is to ensure that your child is getting the right amount of fluoride: it should not be too much or too little. Your physician or dentist can help you to determine the ideal amount of fluoride for your child. Here are ways that you can prevent fluorosis in your child: Between Infancy and 3 Years Some of the practices you can adopt to avert fluorosis in your child include: Breastfeeding your child: According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, you should breastfeed your child exclusively until they are six months. Even when you add solid foods, you should continue breastfeeding until the child is at least twelve months old. Should you feed your child exclusively on infant formula, be sure to contact your doctor regarding the best type of formula that will not increase the risk of your child developing fluorosis. Using age-appropriate dental products, brush your child’s teeth from when they first appear, preferably twice a day (morning and night). If your child can brush their teeth on their own, ensure that you supervise them when they brush to ensure they use the right amount of toothpaste. Children should only use a small amount of toothpaste, typically not more than a grain of rice. Between 3 and 8 Years Between 3 and 8 years, here is what you can do to protect your child’s teeth: Ensure that your child brushes their teeth at least twice daily or as directed by the physician. Only use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste for the children. You can prevent fluorosis by ensuring that your child doesn’t swallow toothpaste or other dental products while brushing. Supervise your children as they brush to ensure that they do not swallow toothpaste. You should avoid using toothpaste with pleasant flavours that your child might be tempted to ingest. Avoid using mouth rinses for children under six years unless the dentist recommends it. According to the American Dental Association, children below six years haven’t fully perfected their swallowing reflexes. Therefore, they might end up swallowing the mouth rinse instead of spitting it out. Be Careful with Fluoride Supplements Avoid purchasing over-the-counter fluoride supplements unless advised by the dentist. Fluoride supplements are recommended for children living in unfluoridated areas. The supplements are administered to children between the ages of 6 months and 16 years who have a high risk of tooth decay. The fluoride supplement prescription must be in line with the ADA-approved supplement schedule. Fluoride Levels in Drinking Water You should consider home water treatments or an alternative water source if you live in an area where the fluoride levels in drinking water are above 2.0 mg/L or parts per million. If you have a private drinking water well, it is advisable to have it tested at least once yearly to determine its fluoride levels. You should especially get the water tested if you have small children in your household. You should then present the results of the water testing to your dentist for advice regarding your fluoride needs. Fluorosis Treatment Does fluorosis go away? In most cases, no treatment is needed for fluorosis because it is so mild, mainly affecting the back teeth where it is unnoticeable. Dentists can employ different treatments to improve the appearance of moderate or severely stained teeth. The treatments seek to mask or conceal the stains. How do you get rid of fluorosis in your teeth? Some of the common treatments for dental fluorosis include: Teeth whitening to remove the stains from the teeth – when your child first starts the teeth whitening treatment, the stains might appear to get worse before improving. Dental crowns Tooth bonding involves coating the teeth with a resin that adheres to the tooth enamel. Veneers that cover the front surface of the teeth Our Dentists Can Help There are many variations in the appearance of a child’s tooth. Therefore, it can be challenging to determine if a child has fluorosis on teeth. If you suspect that your child has fluorosis, it is best to have their teeth checked by a dentist. Our dentist at Molson Park Dental will examine your child’s teeth, determine if your child is getting enough fluoride, and advise you in case of exposure to excessive fluoride. | <urn:uuid:25ffb959-8440-4e3e-b588-5a98efe78d48> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://molsonparkdental.com/what-is-fluorosis/ | 2024-10-13T19:54:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.936863 | 1,543 | 3.5 | 4 |
When the pet has just been weaned, its owners are usually very concerned about feeding it an adequate diet, which promotes the correct growth of the animal. The BARF diet is ideal at this time, it is a complete and integral nutritional plan.
Diet is one of the most important factors in maintaining the health of our pets. Proper and balanced nutrition will allow a dog to be healthy, happy and with a beautiful coat. Diet is an essential part of a canine’s well-being, and as owners, we have an immense responsibility to provide the most optimal food.
The food, of course, must be appropriate for the age. The dog will have different nutritional needs at each stage of its life, so it is very important to determine the menu to be consumed, in order to promote its correct growth and development.
In this scenario, the question many are asking is:
what to feed a 2 month old puppy?
The truth is that there are quite a few options to consider, however, not all of them are the best for the puppy to grow up completely healthy.
Many owners, either out of laziness or ignorance, provide puppies with feed for 2 year old dogs. Although these foods are inexpensive, the truth is that they are not the most suitable for canines, due to a long series of factors. Therefore, it is recommended to feed them raw foods more similar to those eaten by early species, such as wolves.
The BARF type diet is notable for consisting of 60% raw meat and bones, with the rest being vegetables, legumes and grains. As it is a biologically appropriate diet, it can be fed to a 2-month-old developing puppy. That’s right, always under the supervision of a veterinarian, who can keep the correct control of growth and nutrition.
What does it consist of?
The BARF diet is a special type of food that emerged to counteract the typical feed and cereal-based diets that are increasingly given to pets. Veterinarian Ian Billinghurst noticed that feedstuffs, when extruded with high amounts of heat, lost their enzymes and nutritional properties, also affecting protein. They even affected the dental health of canines.
Ian Billinghurst then devised the BARF diet, inspired by the diet of evolutionary ancestors. of dogs, i.e. wolves. He designed a nutritional plan that was adapted to the needs of the canines, always taking into account which foods they should eat, taking into account their evolution. The main food, then, is raw meat.
Bones are also an important part of the BARF diet, as long as they are fed in a proper way, also raw. According to proponents of this diet, raw meat and bone maintain their natural properties and are perfect foods for animals such as dogs, regardless of their age. They can even be ideal for 2-month-old puppies, as long as they have gone through the weaning process.
As mentioned, vegetables, legumes and grains are also included in the BARF diet. However, these are administered as a secondary food, always functioning as an accompaniment to meat, bones and offal. They are added to the diet to supplement the animal’s nutrition, and can be administered as follows both raw and slightly cooked, depending on the type of food.depending on the type of food.
Online it is possible to buy
BARF diets ideal for puppies
ready to serve, so that it is possible to have everything the dog needs to eat, already packed and separated. Those who wish to elaborate the diet by themselves can do so by buying the ingredients in any supermarket, however, they will need some help to prepare the appropriate daily portions, with the correct amounts.
The ideal is to buy the diet already prepared, so that it is clear how many portions the animal will eat and how many portions of each food are indicated to maintain a balanced BARF diet. However, it is always advisable to consult a veterinarian, so that he/she can adapt the diet to the nutritional needs of each specific pet.
The benefits of the BARF diet
The BARF diet offers a number of benefits over traditional diets based on feed or kibble. The BARF diet is based on what a dog should eat, according to its evolution and natural needs, replicating a little of the nutrients it would get if it lived in the wild, as its evolutionary ancestors used to do.
However, vegetables and other foods are added to accompany the diet, thus achieving a completely effective and balanced nutrition. nutrition completely effective and balanced.. In this way, the longevity of the animal can be increased, and its state of health can be kept optimal in its entirety.
The BARF diet also helps to maintain the health of the dog’s mouth and teeth. Eating raw food prevents tartar from remaining on the teeth, cleaning them and keeping them hygienic. This can help prevent bacteria from building up.
Increased hydration is another advantage of feeding raw foods to a dog. Wet foods contain more water, making the canine have less need to drink liquids, but they also have a higher water content. maintaining adequate hydration to carry out their activities.
Overweight and obesity are problems that will not exist with a proper BARF diet. By dispensing with processed foods, the pet’s weight will be kept in the right range, avoiding problems that may affect its general condition.
In addition, a dog on a BARF diet will see an increase in appetite. Raw food has a much more intense flavor than cooked or processed food, making them even more eager to eat every time they go to eat.
In conclusion, the BARF diet is recommended not only for 2-month-old puppies, but also for adult dogs that require a change in their diet to be healthier. In this way, the canine will be able to live longer, happier and healthier. | <urn:uuid:35a2820b-0a2f-4a79-a266-e72e3f190207> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://mundocachorro.com/en/is-the-barf-diet-suitable-for-a-two-month-old-puppy/ | 2024-10-13T19:25:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.97343 | 1,215 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Alberta Health Services
The typhoid vaccine protects against typhoid fever caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.
The typhoid vaccine given by injection (needle) is called TYVI.
You should get this vaccine if you are age 2 years or older and have close contact with someone who can spread typhoid. Some lab workers may also get this vaccine.
Talk to your healthcare provider to find out if you should get typhoid vaccine.
If you are travelling to an area that has a high risk of typhoid, you may also choose to get this vaccine. If you’re getting the vaccine because of travel, it’s not free. Check with your health insurance provider to see if your plan covers the cost. Learn more about vaccines for travel.
You may not be able to get this vaccine if:
If you have allergies or have had a side effect from this vaccine in the past, check with your doctor or a public health nurse before you get the vaccine.
Although you can get the vaccine if you have a mild illness such as a cold or fever, you should stay home until you are feeling better to prevent spreading your illness to others.
You need 1 dose. You may need another dose every 3 years if you are at continued risk of typhoid. Check with your healthcare provider.
There are other vaccines that protect against typhoid. They’re commonly for travellers.
If you had another typhoid vaccine, such as oral (you take it by mouth) typhoid vaccine or hepatitis A and typhoid combined vaccine (Vivaxim), you may not need this vaccine. Check with your healthcare provider to find out if you need another dose. Some typhoid vaccines last longer than others.
If you need the vaccine because of your work (such as some lab workers), talk to your workplace health and safety department.
If you can get this vaccine for free, contact your local public health or community health centre.
If you’re travelling to an area that has a high risk of typhoid, contact a travel health clinic. Learn more about vaccines for travel. You can also talk to your doctor or pharmacist about typhoid vaccine and how to be careful with food and water when you travel.
After you get this vaccine, protection is about 50%. Protection weakens over time.
If you travel to areas with a high risk of typhoid, you must be very careful with food and water even if you’ve had this vaccine.
Vaccine safety is a top priority. Canada uses extremely safe vaccines. Learn more about vaccine safety in Canada, including how vaccines are monitored for continued safety, and ingredients in vaccines.
There can be side effects from the TYVI vaccine, but they tend to be mild and go away in a few days. Side effects may include:
At least 1 out of 100 people who got this vaccine reported 1 or more of these side effects. In some cases, it is unknown if the vaccine caused these side effects.
It’s important to stay at the clinic for 15 minutes after your vaccine. Some people may have a rare but serious allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. If anaphylaxis happens, you will get medicine to treat the symptoms.
It’s rare to have a serious side effect. Call Health Link at 811 to report any serious or unusual side effects.
There can be mild, short-term side effects after getting a vaccine. Find tips to manage these side effects at home. | <urn:uuid:d7a3cb7f-a34a-4b9d-aecf-c6ec764e04e4> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Topic/Immunization/Pages/typhoid-vaccine.aspx | 2024-10-13T19:29:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.947402 | 722 | 3.640625 | 4 |
In recent months the topic of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) has come to the attention of the international community. At the end of July, a number of high profile scientists and AI researchers voiced concerns over the militarization of autonomous robots. Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and Stephen Hawking along with 1000 other experts argue that AI represents “the third revolution in warfare, after gunpowder and nuclear arms.” What is more is the claim that AI robots could lower the threshold of going to battle, which could result in greater loss of life. Prior to this, the UN held a discussion in May 2015 about pre-emptive decision-making surrounding what has become a controversial subject in the international community.
Much of the discussion has focused on stereotyping LAWS as some type of ‘Killer Robot,’ akin to those we see in sci fi series like Terminator, I-Robot, or 2001: A Space Odyssey. This terminology, however, frames the debate in a negative light, and fails to identify the positive features of AI in warfare. However the debate is framed, the fact remains that AI has revolutionary potential on the battlefield. If we are able to put our unfounded science fiction fears aside, perhaps this revolution could be much more beneficial than anti-AI campaigns would have us believe. Many experts have claimed that the technology is only years, not decades away, and therefore NATO and Canadian officials will be pressed to make definitive decisions about the future use of AI technology in warfare. Kathleen Harris’ CBC article references recent government documents that state officials within Canadian Foreign Affairs and National Defence are keeping a neutral presence at this time despite the pressure from human rights and international law groups.
The positive features of AI are as numerous as the criticisms. Computers even with AI can be programmed with a basic black and white code of conduct. For example, compliance with international laws and conventions would be more reliable with an AI than it would be with a person. We have learned through countless decades of conflict that people are notoriously bad at following the rule of law in combat. An AI is not bound by emotional responses. It does not react to fear or anger, and this is something that would ultimately be beneficial to armed conflict.
LAWS have far greater capacity to evaluate and interpret what is happening on the battlefield than people do. As Rosa Brooks put it in her article in Foreign Policy,
“Our eyes face only one direction; our ears register only certain frequencies; our brains can process only so much information at a time. Loud noises make us jump, and fear floods our bodies with powerful chemicals that can temporarily distort our perceptions and judgment.”
Because of this advantage, it is understandable why both the defence industry and the intelligence community would be clamoring to introduce AI platforms into the field, which could result in greater effectiveness and efficiency. AI will not mistake gestures, or instructions, or friends for enemies.
Similar to how Sonny was designed in I, Robot, AI could reproduce all the best parts of the human brain, with incalculably greater speed, accuracy, and reliability. AI could radically improve upon the performance of the typical soldier.
Lastly, the ‘shoot second’ principle is extremely interesting in how it will change the landscape of the battlefield. Soldiers in combat exist in an extremely hostile state, and often react before fully taking in the information in front of them. This is of course not their fault; it is human nature and a natural instinct. LAWS will be able to survey and examine before engaging,
“Unlike human soldiers, they could be programmed to ‘shoot second’ with high accuracy — or even give an enemy the opportunity to surrender after the enemy has fired his weapon — thus potentially decreasing civilian casualties and increasing the chance of capturing enemy combatants.”
This could potentially reshape the way we fight modern combat, for the better. Decreasing civilian and military casualties should always be of the utmost importance in conflict. AI offers a realistic opportunity to do so and at little cost.
Most of the debate surrounding what has been mockingly deemed ‘Killer Robots’ has focused on some sense of human morality; that in some way removal of human presence from the battlefield is a removal of morality as well. It is understandable why some feel that this is the case, but is a LAWS controlled and programmed by a moral person not equally as moral? This debate is certain to rage on for the foreseeable future, and with a tremendous amount of support for both sides. If people can see past their science fiction fears and fictitious moral conundrums perhaps there will be a place for ‘Killer Robots’ in the future of security. | <urn:uuid:78aa7464-fa8e-4e2d-afd3-5db0d17a86ce> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://natoassociation.ca/killer-robots-and-the-future-of-security/ | 2024-10-13T19:37:56Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.962891 | 963 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Although domestic cats may have their claws dug into humanity’s heart, it’s the world’s biggest felines that still put on the best shows. In this new clip from the Smithsonian Channel, we’re given a glimpse of what it’s like when the big cats hunt at night. And the lions’ execution is not only flawless, but also quite reminiscent of Velociraptors.
The Smithsonian Channel posted the clip, which comes from its television series, Big Cat Country. These lions, like all the other ones in the show, live in Zambia’s Luangwa Valley, where they compete over prey. There is another pride aside from this one in the region, and the two of them battle over delectable antelope.
In the clip, one of the prides executes a night hunt of puku—antelope that are around 150 pounds. And while the lions’ advantages over the puku are obvious, some of the meaty treats are able to escape easily. That’s because lions can’t see animals at night if they don’t move. (We wanted to draw a comparison to the T. Rex in Jurassic Park, but apparently, in reality, it would’ve tracked moving objects at night just fine.)
Despite that one hinderance, however, the big cats are still, of course, able to kill quite effectively. Thanks to their specialized eyes, which have layers of tissue that reflect visible light back through their retinas (referred to as tapeta lucida), they’re able to see extremely well in the dark. That is, if something is moving.
The real key to the lions’ hunting prowess, however, is their ability to work as a team. Like so many velociraptors around Robert Muldoon, the lions in the video trap their prey and then use an unseen team member to strike. And while it’s frightening to watch how competent the lions are at killing, it’s still nice to know that you could theoretically evade them by standing still. Now if we could just get some tips on how to survive a velociraptor attack…
Featured Image: Smithsonian Channel | <urn:uuid:c5b3db43-626c-49df-a0b8-ede647d52bb9> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://nerdist.com/article/lions-hunting-darkness-big-cat-country-smithsonian-channel/ | 2024-10-13T20:12:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.946264 | 462 | 2.625 | 3 |
HeadFi system gives dumb headphones smart functions
While there are now some "smart" headphones that can perform multiple functions, the vast majority still just amplify music. A new system, however, could give those "dumb" headphones capabilities such as heart rate monitoring and gesture recognition.
Known as HeadFi, the experimental technology is currently being developed by a team led by New Jersey's Rutgers University.
At the heart of the system is an adapter module which the headphones are plugged into, and which is in turn plugged into a smartphone. Just about any headphones can be used – they don't need to incorporate sensors such as microphones or accelerometers.
Once the user places those headphones over their ears, a sealed cavity is created in each ear – the headphone driver is at one end of that cavity, the ear canal is in the middle, and the eardrum is at the other end. Because that cavity is relatively airtight, it's highly sensitive to changes in air pressure.
These fluctuations could be caused by touching a finger to the outside of the headphones – producing vibrations within – or by the pulsations of blood vessels inside the ear. In any case, the changes affect the electrical voltage that the system measures in each pressure-sensitive driver.
Therefore, by analyzing those telltale changes in voltage, the HeadFi software is able to monitor the wearer's heart rate, plus it can determine how and if the headphones have been touched – those touch gestures can in turn be assigned to different functions, such as skipping or playing music tracks.
Additionally, because the shape and size of the space inside each person's ear canal is unique, it produces unique changes in air pressure in response to standardized vibrations. This means that HeadFi is also capable of identifying individual users.
In fact, in tests conducted on 53 volunteers using 54 sets of headphones, the system was 97.2 to 99.5 percent accurate at identifying each person. It was additionally 96.8 to 99.2 percent accurate at monitoring heart rate, and 97.7 to 99.3 percent accurate at touch gesture recognition.
Although HeadFi has only been tested on hard-wired headphones so far, the scientists state that it could easily be adapted for use with wireless models.
A paper on the project – which also includes researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China, the University of Massachusetts Amherst, Microsoft and the Alibaba Group – will be officially published in October as part of the MobiCom 2021 conference.
Source: Rutgers University | <urn:uuid:db758016-9260-42e9-9737-ff4dc1a052df> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://newatlas.com/wearables/headfi-dumb-headphones-smart-functions/ | 2024-10-13T21:06:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.960783 | 509 | 3.140625 | 3 |
The Clash: Pioneers of Punk, Icons of Change – A Legacy That Still Resonates Today
In the late 1970s, a musical revolution was brewing in the underground scene of London. Out of the chaos and discontent of the era emerged a band that would forever change the face of punk rock and leave an indelible mark on music history: The Clash. With their raw energy, politically charged lyrics, and genre-defying sound, The Clash became pioneers of punk and icons of change, leaving a legacy that still resonates today.
Formed in 1976, The Clash consisted of Joe Strummer on vocals and rhythm guitar, Mick Jones on lead guitar and vocals, Paul Simonon on bass guitar, and Topper Headon on drums. From the very beginning, they set themselves apart from their punk contemporaries by incorporating elements of reggae, ska, rockabilly, and even funk into their music. This fusion of genres created a unique sound that defied categorization and attracted a diverse fan base.
What truly set The Clash apart, however, was their unwavering commitment to addressing social and political issues through their music. At a time when punk was often associated with nihilism and rebellion for rebellion’s sake, The Clash used their platform to shed light on the struggles faced by working-class communities, racial inequality, and political unrest. Songs like “London Calling,” “White Riot,” and “Rock the Casbah” became anthems for a generation seeking change and a voice against the establishment.
The Clash’s impact extended beyond their music. They were known for their rebellious spirit and refusal to conform to industry norms. They rejected corporate control and fought for artistic integrity, often clashing with record labels over creative decisions. Their self-titled debut album, released in 1977, was a defiant statement against the commercialization of punk, with its iconic cover depicting the band members in a monochrome, DIY aesthetic.
Their influence on subsequent generations of musicians cannot be overstated. Countless bands and artists, from Green Day to The Arctic Monkeys, have cited The Clash as a major inspiration. Their fusion of punk with other genres paved the way for the development of alternative rock, ska punk, and even rap rock. The Clash’s impact can also be seen in their activism, as they used their fame to support causes such as anti-racism, nuclear disarmament, and human rights.
Today, The Clash’s music continues to resonate with audiences around the world. Their songs, filled with raw emotion and social commentary, remain relevant in an era marked by political turmoil, social inequality, and a growing disillusionment with the status quo. Their legacy serves as a reminder that music has the power to inspire change and unite people in the face of adversity.
The Clash: pioneers of punk, icons of change. Their music challenged societal norms, their lyrics gave voice to the marginalized, and their rebellious spirit ignited a revolution. Their legacy lives on, reminding us that music has the power to transcend boundaries and create lasting change. As we navigate the complexities of our modern world, The Clash’s message continues to resonate, urging us to question authority, fight for justice, and never stop believing in the power of music to shape our world. | <urn:uuid:7cebca61-6c49-4691-9121-b666a046490f> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://newhdmedia.com/the-clash-pioneers-of-punk-icons-of-change-a-legacy-that-still-resonates-today/ | 2024-10-13T20:09:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.965784 | 676 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Veganism can be described as vision not to mention life personal preference who travels other than celebrity restrictions, emphasizing compassion for the purpose of canines, honest absorption, not to mention eco sustainability. By her foundation, veganism rejects having k9 services, among them the protein dish, dairy, eggs, not to mention leatherette, solely Eco-friendly choices plant-based other options. This unique life seems to have gotten critical push massive, primarily for the reason that families become more receptive to typically the honest, eco, not to mention healthiness dangers health of their picks. Veganism helps bring about visitors to exist with the help of compassion, lessening trouble for canines not to mention limiting his or her’s carbon dioxide presence. It’s not simply dieting and yet a particular overarching commitments for a cruelty-free not to mention self-sufficient ways.
Some plant-based food plan documents the foundation from veganism, selling many amazing benefits but not just towards most people but more in the habitat. Foodstuffs resulting house plants, along the lines of dry fruits, veg, beans, not to mention grains, are actually nutrient-dense and they sometimes known to cause a lower financial risk from reoccuring sicknesses, among them heart disease, diabetes, not to mention several types of cancer. Dissimilar to animal-based diet habits, plant-based servings need to have a lesser amount of tools to offer, getting these products further self-sufficient. In relation to eco conservation, building plant-based foodstuffs consumes reduced the water, acquire, not to mention energy source, creating this food plan further eco-friendly. At the same time, homing plant-based taking is definitely a ultra powerful survey vs k9 exploitation, resulting to a higher switch on to honest food stuff absorption.
K9 privileges are actually the hub of this vegan circulation. For the purpose of vegans, having canines for the purpose of food stuff, dress, and / or activities can be regarded as exploitative not to mention not needed. K9 producing, primarily through industrialized spaces, might be affiliated with inhumane practitioners, along the lines of confinement, mutilation, not to mention fast departure. Veganism encourages for ones abolition for these practitioners from declining to help businesses who make money from k9 anguish. From embracing some cruelty-free life, vegans make an attempt to improve typically the purely natural privileges from canines to have without any person exploitation. This unique vision also includes virtually all portions of your life, because of dress not to mention beauty products towards activities, labeling for the purpose of other options who don’t need k9 harshness.
Eco conservation might be a second fundamental part of veganism, with the help of plant-based diet habits using a big character through limiting techniques air emissions. Livestock producing are probably the prominent contributors towards methane emissions, which are usually way more highly effective as opposed to skin tightening and in relation to overseas warming up. Besides that, k9 agriculture results to deforestation, the water pollution, not to mention biodiversity decrease. From looking for plant-based foodstuffs, families are able to tremendously help reduce his or her’s environmentally friendly presence. Veganism aligns aided by the basics from self-sufficient surviving from promoting practitioners who give protection to genuine ecosystems not to mention improve typically the reliable entry to tools. It’s some life who seeks towards debt person preferences aided by the planet’s limit towards regenerate on their own.
Self-sufficient surviving, important in the vegan life, discusses limiting misuse, preserving energy source, not to mention by using tools economically. Aside from drinking plant-based foodstuffs, vegans sometimes implement eco-friendly methods along the lines of composting, limiting naff usage, not to mention holding up replenish-able energy source. Self-sufficient agriculture, primarily organically produced producing, might be a second vital component part, precisely as it eliminates risky synthetics not to mention prioritizes terrain healthiness. From rejecting unsustainable practitioners prefer plant producing not to mention monoculture, veganism fosters some more intensely connection with mother nature herself not to mention aids practitioners who augment in place of affect typically the Earth’s tools. Honest absorption, through this wording, methods looking for services who arrange just read the simple figures, because of dress constructed of organically produced fabrics towards cruelty-free beauty products.
Cruelty-free life picks provide towards other areas from your life, out of your services families usage in the type many slip on. Honest absorption with veganism stresses bypassing services who need k9 trying, exploitation, and / or injure. Contain specialties such as cosmetic foundations, residential services, perhaps even activities. For the reason that further organisations see typically the call for for the purpose of cruelty-free services, the general public can download an increasing array of vegan other options which were but not just animal-friendly but more enviroment self-sufficient. Vegan type can be described as critical part of this unique circulation, aided by the get higher from labels that serve leatherette not to mention pelt other options crafted from self-sufficient fabrics prefer pineapple products, mushrooms, not to mention recycled plastics.
Vegan activism bets an integral character through maximizing comprehension on the subject of can some cruelty-free, self-sufficient life. Activists sometimes drawn in people outreach, useful efforts, not to mention manifestations towards promoter for the purpose of k9 privileges, honest absorption, not to mention eco conservation. Such projects need took well-known alters in public areas awareness not to mention insurance coverage, out of your banning from k9 trying through cosmetic foundations in the get higher from plant-based methods through famous bistros. Vegan advocacy also includes encouraging laws and regulations who give protection to k9 survival not to mention program self-sufficient farming practitioners. From problematic typically the situation quo, vegan activists encourage some people to help with making careful, compassionate picks who reap some benefits at the same time canines and then the country.
Surviving some compassionate life might be important towards veganism. Other than typically the honest solution from canines, compassion through this wording even also includes most people and then the habitat. Veganism fosters a feeling from obligations on to typically the world’s virtually all sensitive and vulnerable populations, among them live people suffering with weather factors modification not to mention food stuff self deprecation. Typically the circulation helps bring about most people to look at typically the larger have an impact on health of their picks, because of the simplest way his or her’s food stuff might be released in the working hard types of conditions these what individuals build it again. Compassionate surviving methods striving for the purpose of fairness, kindness, not to mention sustainability every one portions of your life, making your environment whereby canines, families, and then the habitat are actually medicated with the help of dignity not to mention care and attention.
Plant-based eating habits will provide the whole set of fundamental nourishment want for a good life, debunking typically the lie who k9 services are necessary on a reasonable food plan. With the help of the right intending, vegans are able to connect his or her’s food preferences throughout many plant-based companies, along the lines of cocoa, lentils, tofu, peanuts, seeds, not to mention totally grains. These foods are actually with good required protein amounts, sheets, nutrients, not to mention mineral deposits whereas increasingly being less unhealthy fats not to mention cholesterol. A large number of joggers not to mention health-conscious citizens are looking toward plant-based diet habits regarding health rewards, among them upgraded addiction recovery intervals, raised energy source, not to mention healthier all around well-being. Veganism is made with a alternative way to healthiness, mixing up eating habits with the help of compassion not to mention sustainability.
In your larger wording from eco-friendly picks, veganism are probably the very best solutions most people are able to help reduce his or her’s eco have an impact on. Because of cutting down on naff misuse towards limiting food stuff kilometer after kilometer from holding up hometown build, vegans sometimes include some renewable surviving vision who prioritizes the fitness of the world. Veganism encourages for ones insurance from wildlife, seeing who habitat destruction, run from k9 agriculture, are probably the prominent reasons that generate kind annihilation. Wildlife insurance and then the upkeep from biodiversity are crucial pieces of some vegan life, like they improve balance relating to person recreation and then the genuine environment. From getting eco-conscious picks, vegans lead to an self-sufficient, honest, not to mention compassionate environment. | <urn:uuid:b2c18986-3e2c-45eb-b323-a369a92fbd7f> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://newsvibranceonline.com/some-compassionate-life-for-everyone-canines-and-then-the-country-veganism/ | 2024-10-13T20:50:40Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.946958 | 1,773 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Glare occurs in both natural (daylight) and interior lighting situations. The glare annoyance depends on a number of factors.
Areas of high brightness right next to areas of low brightness cause glare, making people feel uncomfortable. For instance, having a bare light bulb for your desk lamp may provide more than enough light. However, it would cause more light to shine directly into your eyes than reflects off the desktop, making it difficult to read or do other tasks. Having a shade on the lamp keeps the light from glaring into your eyes while brightly illuminating your desktop.
For the measurements of glare the discomfort glare constant is used.
Glare index: |
0 - 10 |
10 - 16 |
16 - 22 |
22 - 28 |
> 28 |
More visually demanding tasks with high luminance levels as drawing and fine visual inspections are less
tolerant of glare. Very sensible to
glare is working behind a computer. Since computer screens have shiny surfaces and are very susceptible to
GI occupations |
Drawing offices, very fine visual inspections |
Offices, libraries, keyboard and video display terminal work |
Kitchen, reception area, fine assembly |
Stock rooms, assembly line for easy tasks |
Indoor car park, rough industrial work |
We can reduce the impact of
glare with some simple methods. The higher you put the lights the lower the glare. To lower the
glare keep light sources high, away from the field of view.
If we cut down the
luminance of the
light source we can decrease its
glare. This does not mean reducing the light level in the room. Rather than having one very bright lamp, you should have a number of dimmed luminaries. The higher the illumination of the background, the smaller the
Unified Glare Rating or
UGR method is an international index presented by
CIE (International Commission on Illumination) and is used to evaluate and limit the psychological impact of direct glare from luminaries. Contrary to the
glare index where the glare was rated using the luminance values of a single luminaries, this method calculates the glare of the entire lighting installation at a defined position. An exact calculation of the
UGR value at a defined position in a room is possible with modern lighting design programs such as Dialux. The lower the
UGR value, the lower the glare.
glare is a very annoying side effect of lighting, but we can eliminate it with methods explained above. When we are choosing the lights it is very important that we know where we will put them and how much illumination we need in the room and working places.
Continue reading about Illuminance | <urn:uuid:9a57bf21-2100-46da-be9e-2ed57c3af849> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://nextgenerationled.be/EN/GlareandUGR.html | 2024-10-13T19:27:36Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.913334 | 554 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Bohr bug definition
In computer programming, a Bohr bug is a tricky, hard-to-fix software problem that keeps coming back no matter how many times you try to solve it. It's named after physicist Niels Bohr, who once said, "Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future." This quote summarizes the main idea — that these bugs are difficult to pin down and fix.
See also: bug fix
What causes Bohr bugs?
- Different parts of the code not working well together.
- Entering unusual data that’s hard to reproduce.
- Parts of the program running at the wrong times or in the wrong order.
- A program using memory incorrectly or forgetting to free up space.
- Multiple parts of the program interfering with each other.
- Unreliable external services or systems that the program depends on.
How to prevent Bohr bugs
- Keep your code simple and easy to understand.
- Run tests in different scenarios to catch issues early.
- Use detailed logging to track and diagnose problems.
- Check for edge cases (rare situations).
- Get someone to review your code to find potential issues.
- Keep software components and libraries up-to-date.
- Make sure your program can handle unexpected problems.
- Track the program's performance to spot unusual behavior.
Real-life examples of Bohr bugs
- Windows XP Service Pack 2 (2004). This update introduced a Bohr bug that caused some systems to crash, affecting many users worldwide. The issue was a real headache for the Windows teams because it only happened with specific network setups. Tracking down the exact combination of factors that triggered the crashes took a lot of time, making it a frustrating and persistent problem for both users and developers.
- Zoom (2020). During the surge in Zoom usage over the pandemic, a bug appeared that caused video and audio quality glitches for some users. The tricky part was that it only happened under specific, less common network conditions, which made it tough for Zoom's team to identify and fix. As a result, users had to deal with some not-so-smooth calls. | <urn:uuid:b40c9e22-fd32-4b6b-ae09-0ffd040fd7e6> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://nordvpn.com/cybersecurity/glossary/bohr-bug/ | 2024-10-13T18:58:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.931404 | 447 | 3.484375 | 3 |
When you have a cold, you might take antibiotics or over-the-counter medications to fight it off. But what if you don’t have coverage for those medications? Or what if you can’t afford them? Medicare offers coverage for some types of medication, and it can be a big help if you need it. Read on to learn more about the benefits of Medicare covering cold medicine.
The History of Medicare
Medicare is a social welfare program in the United States that provides insurance for seniors and people with disabilities. The program began on July 30, 1965, as a pilot project designed to provide health care for seniors who could not afford it. Today, Medicare covers more than 55 million Americans, providing comprehensive coverage for medical expenses including treatments for chronic diseases.
Medicare has a long history of providing benefits to people who need them most. The program began as a pilot project designed to provide health care for seniors who could not afford it. Today, Medicare covers more than 55 million Americans and provides comprehensive coverage for medical expenses including treatments for chronic diseases. Here are some of the benefits of Medicare:
-It’s affordable: Unlike private health insurance, which can be expensive, Medicare is typically affordable. It’s based on income and doesn’t have any annual or lifetime limits on coverage.
-It’s reliable: Since Medicare is funded by taxes paid by everyone, it’s always available and there are no copays or premiums associated with it.
-It offers peace of mind: If you become disabled or have to rely on Medicare for your health care needs, you can rest assured that you’re covered
What is Medicare?
Medicare is a federal and state-run health insurance program for people 65 years of age and older, and some people with disabilities. Medicare provides coverage for medical expenses, including costs for medicines.
Medicare also covers some preventive care, such as checkups and screenings.
Most Medicare benefits are based on how much you earn. But there are some benefits that are based on your age, such as how much the program pays for prescription drugs.
If you need help paying your Medicare premiums, you can get help from the Social Security Administration (SSA). You may also qualify for financial assistance from the Medicare Prescription Drug Program (MDP).
There are a lot of different things to keep in mind if you’re thinking about getting Medicare coverage. But overall, Medicare can be a great way to stay healthy and afford important medical care.
How Does Medicare Work?
Medicare is a government-run health insurance program that helps cover costs for people who are 65 years or older, or have disabilities. Medicare covers a variety of medical expenses, such as doctor visits and prescription drugs.
Many people think of Medicare as a way to avoid paying for expensive doctor visits and prescriptions. However, Medicare also offers many other benefits. For example, Medicare covers long-term care services, such as nursing home care and assisted living. And if you need surgery, Medicare may cover most or all of the cost.
One of the biggest benefits of Medicare is that it can help you stay healthy and avoid costly medical bills. In fact, studies have shown that people who have Medicare coverage often use fewer health care services overall than people who don’t have Medicare coverage.
So what are the benefits of having Medicare cover your cold medicine? First, it can save you money in the long run. Second, it can help you stay healthy and avoid costly medical bills. And lastly, it can offer many other important benefits, such as long-term care coverage and access to surgery if needed.
The Types of Coverage Medicare Provides
Medicare covers a variety of medications, including over-the-counter (OTC) medicines.
OTC medicines are available without a doctor’s prescription and typically cost less than prescription drugs.
There are many benefits to Medicare covering OTC medicines. First, OTC medicines are easier to get for people who have difficulty getting prescriptions filled. Second, OTC medicines can be more affordable than prescription drugs. Third, OTC medicines can provide relief from minor illnesses or injuries. Finally, covering OTC medicines can help people stay healthy and prevent serious health problems from developing.
What are the Benefits of Having Medicare Cover Cold Medicine?
Medicare covers a variety of medications, including cold medicine.
When you have Medicare, you can get coverage for cold medicine at no cost to you. This means that you don’t have to worry about paying out-of-pocket for cold medicine.
Cold medicine is sometimes necessary for people with respiratory infections. By having Medicare cover cold medicine, you can avoid having to spend money on this medication.
If you are over the age of 65, Medicare may cover your prescription for cold medicine. This is thanks to a law that was passed in 2003 called the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act. This law allows Medicare to pay for certain medicines that treat serious conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia. If you are covered by Medicare and need cold medication, be sure to ask your doctor if it is covered by your insurance plan or whether you will need to pay for it out-of-pocket. | <urn:uuid:c8faede9-1a24-4614-a840-9bf3f94465ea> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://novitasphere.us/what-are-the-benefits-of-medicare-covering-cold-medicine/ | 2024-10-13T19:35:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.965263 | 1,083 | 2.625 | 3 |
The invention of cell phones changed telecommunications forever. If you look back in time to before their widespread popularity, you’d see a number of things that are either disappearing rapidly at this very minute or no longer exist at all. Payphones, for example, were once everywhere—on street corners and outside businesses, waiting for you at rest stops along highways. Long-distance phone calls were also priced higher than local ones, and the longer the distance, the longer the per-minute fee.
Perhaps the biggest difference from days before the cell phone were “collect calls.” When calling “collect,” the caller wouldn’t pay; instead, the phone company would charge the person being called. For most of the United States’ collect call history, business giant AT&T ruled the phone industry generally; not only was AT&T the nation’s largest long-distance provider by far—it was also a monopoly in most cases until regulators broke it up in 1982. But even after that happened, AT&T was probably the provider of your collect call services — even if you didn’t know it. For decades afterward, the easiest way to make a collect call was to dial zero for the operator, and AT&T was almost always the company for which the operator worked, As a result, AT&T became the go-to company when making a collect call.
In the 1990s, though, regulators stepped in. In some areas, operators were required to ask consumers which long-distance company they wanted to use to place your collect call, in hopes of encouraging more competition among long-distance providers. The most common answer was still “AT&T” but it wasn’t the only answer. Some collect callers were simply indifferent to who provided the long-distance service—the callers themselves weren’t footing the bill, after all. In a very honest moment, many of them would simply reply that they didn’t care or that it didn’t matter.
And to a small company in Texas, that answer proved profitable.
In 1996, People magazine shared the story of a Dallas-area company named KTNT Communications. KTNT was one of hundreds of Texas-based companies registered as a long-distance provider for collect calls. If you were a dialer who didn’t care which company connected your call, KTNT shouldn’t have been at the top of the list: for a three-minute Houston-to-Dallas call, AT&T charged just under $5; For the same call, KTNT charged $7.50. And yet, in many cases, the person you were calling ended up paying KTNT. Why? Because KTNT opened subsidiary companies named “I Don’t Know,” “It Doesn’t Matter,” “I Don’t Care,” “Whatever,” Anyone is OK,” and even “No Me Importa” When the operator asked a caller what long distance provider to use, a response matching one of those phrases would make KTNT some money.
The operator wouldn’t just connect your call using these creatively named subsidiaries, however. KTNT president Dennis Dees told the Associated Press that the practice “was not deceptive at all,” as KTNT instructed local telephone companies. to inform callers that they were being connected via a company with the same name as their response. The AP tested this claim and found that typically, the operator would verify unprompted that, yes, they wanted to use the company called, “I Don’t Care” (or whichever company they accidentally chose). But it didn’t have much of an impact on KTNT’s revenues, as callers would typically just agree to whatever the operator was saying. The scheme made KTNT quite a bit of money—before the cell phone made collect calls virtually obsolete, at least.
Bonus fact: One person who probably didn’t make a lot of collect calls? Frank Sinatra. On December 8, 1963, his then nineteen-year-old son, Frank Sinatra Jr., was kidnapped. The kidnappers negotiated a ransom for his release but would only talk to Frank Sr., and only if the latter were using a payphone. Frank Jr. was ultimately released unharmed (and the criminals were apprehended and convicted), but Frank Sr. carried the memory of the traumatic event with him from that point on, and, wanting to be sure he could use a payphone whenever necessary, kept ten dimes in his pocket for the rest of his life—and beyond. He is buried with a dollar’s worth of dimes.
From the Archives: 8-6-7-5-3-0-My-y-ine: When plumbers battled over a famous phone number. | <urn:uuid:8cea68df-d2dc-4866-8488-49dc7ceb100a> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://nowiknow.com/the-i-dont-care-collect-call-scam/ | 2024-10-13T19:19:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.979704 | 1,013 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Several people use houseplants to enhance the beauty of their homes. However, the decision to select the most suitable species can be a little tricky for those who own a dog. This is because a long list of plants is harmful to your pup. According to ASPCA Poison Control, hundreds of household plants are categorized as toxic for canines.
Many of these plants are known by different names and the pet owners need to know about them. The degree of toxicity varies from one species to another, and it ranges from mild to potentially fatal. The following is a list of some of the most common toxic houseplants for dogs.
Although it is a famous medicinal plant for humans, Aloe Vera is not safe for dogs (and cats). The level of toxicity can go from mild to moderate, depending upon the quantity ingested. This plant is toxic to dogs because it contains ‘Anthraquinone Glycosides’, which stimulates bowel movements.
Upon ingestion, intestinal bacteria metabolize these purgatives to increase water and mucus production in the colon. This results in gastrointestinal issues (diarrhea and vomiting). The other symptoms of Aloe Vera poisoning include changes in urine color, anorexia, and depression.
This pretty houseplant is a very popular domestic choice because it is fast-growing and easy to maintain. Having said that, it is a big NO for people who have pets in their homes. This is because it contains a toxic substance called Sapogenin.
The ingestion of its berries can lead to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Similarly, continuous exposure to Asparagus Fern can cause skin inflammation (allergic dermatitis) to your dog. This household plant is also known as Sprengeri Fern, Emerald Fern, Emerald Feather, Plumosa Fern, and Lace Fern.
This plant is known for its beautiful flowers that have a tubular shape and come in red and pink colors. In addition to bonsai houseplant, they can also be grown as a succulent shrub or a small tree. Irrespective of its size, this species is dangerous for canines. Other names of this plant are Desert Azalea and Adenium Obesum.
Just like Aloe Vera, Desert Rose also contains glycosides that can cause internal discomfort when eaten. These toxic chemicals are present in the sap of the plant. The signs that indicate the ingestion of Desert Rose include excessive drooling, gastrointestinal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
This tropical plant is often grown in homes because it is easy to grow. However, it is toxic to dogs and shouldn’t be a part of your house if you own a canine. This houseplant is also known as Satin or Silk Pothos while its scientific name is Epipremnum Aureum.
Although Devil’s Ivy is not considered fatal, it can be harmful to your dog’s skin and digestive system. In addition to vomiting and diarrhea, this toxic plant can also lead to increased salivation, oral irritation, and swallowing difficulties.
This low-maintenance species is an excellent choice for those people who have busy routines. However, this toxic houseplant is NOT recommended for dog owners. It contains insoluble Calcium Oxalates and Proteolytic Enzymes that are harmful to canines (as well as cats).
Even though the scientific name of Dumb Cane is Dieffenbachia, it is generally known as Tropic Snow or Exotica. The ingestion of its leaves leads to severe swelling of the mouth and tongue. This gives way to other symptoms of poisoning, like excessive drooling, vomiting, and breathing and swallowing difficulties. In extreme cases, the toxic effects of the Dumb Cane can result in death.
This beautiful plant adds to the beauty of any garden. The name ‘Elephant Ear’ comes from the giant leaves of this species. Other common names of this houseplant include Tara, Ape, Via Sori, Malanga, and Caladium.
It is extremely dangerous for dogs to ingest those big leaves because they contain toxic chemicals (insoluble Calcium Oxalate crystals). For this reason, the signs of toxicity (caused by Elephant Ear) are similar to that of Dumb Cane. Therefore, your pet could suffer from swelling and burning of the tongue and mouth. Likewise, he/she can experience increased salvation, vomiting, and difficulty in breathing.
The family of Lilies has many members in it, and quite a lot of them are toxic to dogs. For instance, Palm Lily (a common household plant), Peace Lily, and Autumn Crocus are all dangerous for canines. If your pup has ingested a toxic Lily, it’s quite likely for him/her to experience oral irritation and vomiting. You may also observe difficulty in swallowing.
Some types of this plant become even more harmful if you have a multi-pet household. This is because Stargazer and Easter Lilies are extremely poisonous to cats and can prove fatal if left untreated. The toxins in these plants affect the kidneys of your feline pets.
This species is ideal for those families who don’t have much interest in gardening. This rubber plant is extremely dangerous for dogs and should NEVER be planted in your pup’s vicinity. Some other names of this toxic houseplant are Dwarf Rubber Plant, Friendship Tree, Baby Jade, and Crassula Ovata.
Despite the fact that it is highly poisonous, no one knows about the toxins that are there in Jade. However, one thing that can be said with certainty is that this plant can be fatal for your pet. The symptoms of Jade Poisoning include gastric distress, heartbeat irregularities, and depression.
The scientific name of Sago Palm is Cycas Revoluta. This exotic plant is famous for adding a tropical feel to any home. For this reason, they are often used as ornamental Bonsai houseplants. Having said that, it can be very troublesome if your canine friend finds his/her way to this plant.
Every part of Sago Palm is toxic for dogs, with the seeds being the most poisonous. Cycasin (a carcinogenic and neurotoxic glucoside) is the primary source of this toxicity. The ingestion of this plant will at least cause diarrhea and vomiting. In extreme cases, this powerful poison can result in severe liver failure and even death.
Please keep in mind that we may receive a small commission when you click our links and make purchases and as an Amazon Associate, this site earns from qualifying purchases. However, this does not impact our reviews and comparisons. We try our best to keep things fair and balanced, in order to help you make the best choice for you. | <urn:uuid:bf257012-ab93-4b0d-ba79-aa95ed073b92> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://patchpuppy.com/health-safety/9-toxic-houseplants-for-dogs/ | 2024-10-13T19:24:08Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.950133 | 1,377 | 2.71875 | 3 |
This image shows Cornelia Crater on the large asteroid Vesta. The crater is about 4 to 5 million years old. On the right is an inset image showing an example of curved gullies, indicated by the short white arrows, and a fan-shaped deposit, indicated by long white arrows. The inset image is about 0.62 miles (1 kilometer) wide.
The Dawn mission to Vesta and Ceres is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington D.C. UCLA is responsible for overall Dawn mission science. The Dawn framing cameras have been developed and built under the leadership of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany, with significant contributions by DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, and in coordination with the Institute of Computer and Communication Network Engineering, Braunschweig. The framing camera project is funded by the Max Planck Society, DLR, and NASA/JPL. The Italian Space Agency and the Italian National Astrophysical Institute are international partners on the mission team.
More information about Dawn is online at http://www.nasa.gov/dawn. | <urn:uuid:02c54bd6-86e8-4f07-844f-7fac209e0da0> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19170 | 2024-10-13T19:45:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.898265 | 257 | 3.265625 | 3 |
One obvious question that arises, then, is exactly how many of these parallel universes might there be. In a new study, Stanford physicists Andrei Linde and Vitaly Vanchurin have calculated the number of all possible universes, coming up with an answer of 10^10^16.
Table of Contents
What is the theory of parallel universes?
The concept of parallel universes is an idea that arises from the multiverse theory, suggesting that our universe is one of many existing universes that, in a manner of speaking, lie parallel to each other.
Will parallel universes exist?
There are far more particles in the universe than 1,000, so the chances for another Earth are not in our favour. Unfortunately, we don’t know if these parallel universes exist. Or at least, we don’t at the moment. Physicists are trying to find ways to test these theories, but it is very difficult.
How is quantum physics related to multiverse?
The multiverse emerged from there, from the fact that you have a very basic concept in quantum physics known as quantum superposition. Quantum superposition basically says that what we think of as a single universe, the quantum superposition, is the interference of an infinite number of universes.
How do you enter a parallel universe?
Who gave the theory of parallel universe?
In 1954, Princeton University doctoral applicant Hugh Everett III proposed that parallel universes co-exist with and diverge from our own universe.
What are the 10 dimensions?
- Probability (Possible Universes)
- All Possible Universes Branching from the Same Start Conditions.
- All Possible Spectrums of Universes with Different Start Conditions.
Do we live in multiverse?
We currently have no evidence that multiverses exists, and everything we can see suggests there is just one universe — our own.
How many dimensions are there in quantum physics?
Superstring theory posits that the universe exists in 10 dimensions at once.
Is the quantum realm the multiverse?
Book. The Quantum Realm is a dimension in the Multiverse only accessible through magic, Pym Particles or a Quantum Tunnel.
Is the multiverse theory a paradox?
The theory resolves a cosmic paradox of the late physicist’s own making. It also points a way forward for astronomers to find evidence of the existence of parallel universes.
Is universe a quantum?
The Universe, at a fundamental level, isn’t just made of quantized packets of matter and energy, but the fields that permeate the Universe are inherently quantum as well. It’s why practically every physicist fully expects that, at some level, gravitation must be quantized as well.
What is beyond the universe?
The trite answer is that both space and time were created at the big bang about 14 billion years ago, so there is nothing beyond the universe. However, much of the universe exists beyond the observable universe, which is maybe about 90 billion light years across.
What is beyond the multiverse?
The Beyond is an unobservable space outside the Multiverse. It is the remnants of the Second Cosmos and is inhabited by the Beyonders.
How many dimensions do we live in?
In everyday life, we inhabit a space of three dimensions – a vast ‘cupboard’ with height, width and depth, well known for centuries. Less obviously, we can consider time as an additional, fourth dimension, as Einstein famously revealed.
How many dimensions are there?
The world as we know it has three dimensions of space—length, width and depth—and one dimension of time. But there’s the mind-bending possibility that many more dimensions exist out there. According to string theory, one of the leading physics model of the last half century, the universe operates with 10 dimensions.
What is our universe called?
Astronomy > The Milky Way Galaxy. Did you know that our star, the Sun, is just one of hundreds of billions of stars swirling within an enormous cosmic place called the Milky Way Galaxy?
What is a parallel universe in simple terms?
Parallel universe. A parallel universe or alternative reality is a hypothetical or fictional self-contained separate reality coexisting with one’s own. A specific group of parallel universes is called a “multiverse”, although this term can also be used to describe the possible parallel universes that constitute reality …
What evidence is there for a multiverse?
Even though certain features of the universe seem to require the existence of a multiverse, nothing has been directly observed that suggests it actually exists. So far, the evidence supporting the idea of a multiverse is purely theoretical, and in some cases, philosophical.
What is quantum multiverse?
Quantum. The quantum multiverse creates a new universe when a diversion in events occurs, as in the real-worlds variant of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.
How many worlds are in the universe?
Scientists have just started to publish their findings from the data obtained from the Kepler telescope’s many observations. According to one recently-released study, some scientists now believe that there could be as many as 40 billion planets like Earth in the Milky Way galaxy.
What is 100th dimension?
A 100 dimensional simplex (triangle) has 101 pointy corners and 101 faces (as a 99D simplex), becoming more like a cube. The angle between edges starts off at 60 degrees in 2D, but gets closer to 90 degrees in very high-D. The volume is more evened out than the 100-cube, but still concentrated in the corners.
What is the 26th dimension?
The 26 dimensions of Closed Unoriented Bosonic String Theory are interpreted as the 26 dimensions of the traceless Jordan algebra J3(O)o of 3×3 Octonionic matrices, with each of the 3 Octonionic dimenisons of J3(O)o having the following physical interpretation: 4-dimensional physical spacetime plus 4-dimensional …
What would the 10th dimension look like?
What is bigger than the universe?
No, the universe contains all solar systems, and galaxies. Our Sun is just one star among the hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way Galaxy, and the universe is made up of all the galaxies – billions of them. | <urn:uuid:28713790-3980-4dfc-b4e9-e49f5a1d374d> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://physics-network.org/how-many-parallel-universes-exist/ | 2024-10-13T21:00:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.945311 | 1,314 | 3.296875 | 3 |
The Atwood machine (or Atwood’s machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Atwood’s machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics.
Table of Contents
How do you solve Atwood machine problems?
How do you calculate tension in an Atwood machine?
m2a = T − m2g (2) where T is the tension in the string and g is the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.8 m/s2). Figure 2: Free body diagrams for the masses of the Atwood Machine. The tension T is shown in blue and the weight of each mass W is in green.
What is the basic concept of the Atwood’s machine?
An Atwood’s Machine is a simple device consisting of a pulley, with two masses connected by a string that runs over the pulley. For an ‘ideal Atwood’s Machine’ we assume the pulley is massless, and frictionless, that the string is unstretchable, therefore a constant length, and also massless.
What is a real world example of an Atwood’s machine?
So an atwood machine is used in elevators. It’s also used in water wells. So a bucket is connected to a pulley and you can go down and scoop the water up and then pull the pulley back up and then you have your water.
How does Newton’s second law apply to the Atwood machine?
Newton’s Second Law also states that the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass. The acceleration of an object depends on the net applied force and the object’s mass. In an Atwood’s Machine, the difference in weight between two hanging masses determines the net force acting on the system of both masses.
Why is it called Atwood machine?
The Atwood machine was constructed to demonstrate and verify certain laws of motion under laboratory conditions. The machine is named for the man who invented and constructed it, the Reverend George Atwood.
Why is tension the same in Atwood machine?
Its because the pulley in an atwood’s machine is an Ideal pulley. It has no mass and its frictionless. This means that the rope is only going to slip over the pulley freely without rotating it at all. In that case the rope is completely isolated from the pulley and tension should be uniform throughout.
What is m1 and m2 in physics?
>>Application of Newton’s Laws of Motion. >>m1 and m2 are the masses of two bodies.
How does Atwood machine calculate velocity?
How do you calculate torque on an Atwood machine?
How many degrees of freedom are in Atwood machine?
Such Atwood’s machine is a simple mechanical system with one degree freedom that is usually used in the course of physics for demonstration of the uniformly accelerated motion of the system.
Does tension change in an Atwood machine?
The tension in the string of an Atwood’s machine is the same everywhere when the system is at equilibrium, but it is different for each mass in an accelerating system. To find the tension, treat each mass independently and use the common acceleration.
What is the relationship between total mass and the acceleration of an Atwood’s machine?
As the total mass increases at a constant rate the acceleration decreases at a decreasing rate. The two variables are inversely proportional to each other. As the mass difference increases at a constant rate the acceleration increases at a constant rate.
How many independent coordinates are there in an example of Atwood’s machine?
The answer is two, as can be seen by considering the angular positions of the pulleys: each pulley can be set independently.
Does Atwood Machine have friction?
The Full Atwood Machine consists of two masses at the end of a single rope which is placed over a pulley. For simplicity the rope is considered to have no mass. Also for simplicity the pulley has not friction or inertia.
What is an example of a pulley simple machine?
Blinds on windows operate using a pulley system to move the blinds up and down. You pull the cord on the blinds and the pulley system causes the blinds to open or close. Flagpoles use pulleys in order to hoist the flag up or to bring it down. You pull the string on the pulley and the flag runs up or down the pole.
What is the purpose of Newton’s second law experiment?
A trolley experiences an acceleration when an external force is applied to it. The aim of this datalogging experiment is explore the relationship between the magnitudes of the external force and the resulting acceleration.
What is the purpose of Newton’s Second Law lab?
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.
How does gravitational potential energy change in an Atwood machine?
A simple Atwood’s machine consists of a couple of masses hanging over a pulley as shown in Figure 1. If m1 > m2, then, when m2 is released the masses will move. This movement will change the kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the masses.
How do I calculate tension?
- Tension formula is articulated as. T=mg+ma.
- Tension Formula is made use of to find the tension force acting on any object. It is useful for problems.
- Tension Solved Examples.
- Problem 1: A 8 Kg mass is dangling at the end of a string.
What is the net force in an Atwood machine?
The net force is equal to the gravitational force minus the tension force, so Net force = m2*g – Tension force. On this side, Tension is subtracted from mass times gravity rather than the other way around because the direction of tension is opposite on opposite sides of the pulley.
How do you find the tension between two objects?
We can think of a tension in a given rope as T = (m × g) + (m × a), where “g” is the acceleration due to gravity of any objects the rope is supporting and “a” is any other acceleration on any objects the rope is supporting.
Is M1 or M2 harder?
Anyway, ofc M2 is harder than M1, it’s an A2 module after all, but you don’t need to feel ‘naturally good’ at it to do well – I found the questions really repetitive and predictable (for my board anyway).
What is M1 M2 and M3 explain?
M1, M2 and M3 are measurements of the United States money supply, known as the money aggregates. M1 includes money in circulation plus checkable deposits in banks. M2 includes M1 plus savings deposits (less than $100,000) and money market mutual funds. M3 includes M2 plus large time deposits in banks. | <urn:uuid:dbeb51f5-39a1-4f18-baaa-09782bb43bd3> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://physics-network.org/what-is-the-purpose-of-an-atwood-machine/ | 2024-10-13T21:11:13Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.92887 | 1,494 | 3.65625 | 4 |
A Tree-mendous update
We’ve teamed up with Forestry England to plant a Pieminister forest. For every plant-based pie or patty bought we’ll donate money towards planting trees. This is all part of our project, Eat Pies: Plant Trees.
So the more plant-based eating we do, the bigger the forest will grow. Some even call us Plantminister 😉
This is all with the aim to benefit wildlife, our well-being, and the health of our planet.
We know how important it is that the right trees are planted in the right place if we’re to help combat climate change, which is why we chose Forestry England as our partner. They’ve been planting trees for over a century so they know what they’re doing!
We asked our friends at Forestry England to tell us why we need to root for forests…
Forests & wildlife
A guest blog from Andrew Stringer, Head of Environment at Forestry England explains why forests are so important for wildlife.
England’s forests are home to an abundance of wildlife, including some of our most interesting animals and plants. More than half of our most threatened species have been found in our forests.
It’s our job to make sure these landscapes provide different habitats for the bats, birds, bugs, and other species that call them home.
It’s not just about planting trees! We create open areas and woodland glades, make sure rivers and streams are clean and restore wet and waterlogged habitats. It’s also really important to look after veteran trees and dead wood.
The latter, somewhat ironically, is very much full of life. Decaying trees create microhabitats, which help fungi, lichen and insects. They are extremely important to the health of a forest.
Today, wildlife is facing an uphill battle. Habitat loss, a changing climate, and pollution pose huge challenges for creatures great and small.
Trees and forests have a central role to play in turning the tide.
Forestry England is also leading a number of ambitious projects to bring wildlife back. In 2019, we reintroduced white-tailed eagles to southern England for the first time in almost 250 years, along with our partners at Roy Dennis Wildlife Foundation.
We’re also running two captive trials with beavers to see how they affect water flow and biodiversity. 2021 will be the thirteenth successive year of osprey nesting in Kielder Forest, where we’ve also been releasing water voles. Before we joined with partners to start the project in 2017, ‘Ratty’ hadn’t been seen in Kielder for over 30 years!
While it’s not all about exciting reintroductions, these projects show how determined we are to improve forest ecosystems.
We’re also motivated by the number of people caring for nature in their communities. Since 2000, there has been a 40 percent increase in volunteering with young people in particular flying the flag for the natural world.
We’ll harness that enthusiasm, and do everything we can to keep our forests full of life for future generations.
Want to help the Pieminister forest grow? | <urn:uuid:4190ac8e-c403-4c6f-ad83-95edd9e30713> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://pieminister.co.uk/tree-mendous-update/ | 2024-10-13T19:38:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.944034 | 671 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Excessive tiredness, inability to even do the minimal amount of task and unable to think properly all point to chronic fatigue syndrome.
It can lead to weight gain and depression, both of which are detrimental to healthy living.
There’s general tiredness, and then there’s the feeling where you are unable to function at all because you are feeling extremely exhausted all the time.
Even a simple task like standing for a while or reading a book can get you feeling very tired and you find yourself unable to stand or sit; all you want to do is lie down and close your eyes.
- Check the severity of chronic fatigue syndrome
- The key symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome
- What should you do
This is because you might be suffering from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
According to the general description given by Gleneagles Global Hospitals, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a complicated disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that can’t be explained by any underlying medical condition.
The condition seems to worsen with mental and physical activity. However, there is alleviation of the condition even with rest, and simple lifestyle activities seem to make it worse.
This condition is also known as systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID) or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME).
Check the severity of chronic fatigue syndrome
According to the data sourced from Mayo Clinic, there are three levels of this disease. Based on the severity levels treatments are decided by the doctors.
Mild – You’re able to carry out everyday activities, such as work, studies or housework, but with difficulty; you may need to give up hobbies or social activities so you can rest in your spare time.
Moderate – You may have difficulty moving around easily and problems carrying out daily activities; you may not be able to work or continue with your education and may need to rest often, and you may also have problems sleeping at night.
Severe – You may only be able to do very basic daily tasks, such as brushing your teeth; you may be housebound or even bedbound and may need a wheelchair to get around; and you may also have difficulty concentrating, be sensitive to noise and light, and take a long time to recover after activities involving extra effort, such as leaving the house or talking for long periods.
The key symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome
It is very tough to define why people suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome or what causes it. But general theory is that it is triggered by a combination of factors.
The possible causes could be hypotension (low blood pressure), viral or bacterial attacks, weak immune system, stress, and hormonal imbalances.
You can get CFS if you are genetically predisposed to this. Stress can have a debilitating effect on the immune system and can cause hormonal imbalance which in turn can trigger chronic fatigue syndrome.
- Symptoms include excessive and unexplained tiredness,
- Headaches, joint and muscle pain,
- Loss of memory or concentration,
- A sore throat, enlarged or tender lymph nodes in your neck or armpits,
- Insomnia and other sleep disorder.
- Physical discomfort like heavy breathing and tiredness for 24 hours after any physical activity.
What should you do?
Sadly, there are no medicines that can really cure this condition, other than offering symptomatic relief.
Doctors generally recommend medicine to boost your immune system along with sleeping pills to sort out your sleeping cycle.
In severe cases, anti-depressants are also given to treat depression and stress in life. Your healthcare professional will also work out a health-boosting diet.
You will also need work with a physiotherapist to follow a structured exercise regime that ensures that your muscles are stretched and you do a range of motion exercises to ease your body into the certain level of activity. | <urn:uuid:aa0ef29a-e1ab-45be-8155-30ec9e395650> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://possible.in/6-signs-that-you-might-be-suffering-from-chronic-fatigue-syndrome.html | 2024-10-13T19:28:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.956312 | 789 | 3 | 3 |
Health Disparities in Cancer Part 1: The meaning of "Race" in Science
Throughout its history, the President’s Cancer Panel (PCP) has explored the causes of and possible solutions to disparities in the nation’s health care system. This blog series will explore three PCP reports focused on this important topic.
- "Mr. President, we conclude that race does not exist from a biological perspective, but that racism, rooted in the social concept of race, does exist."
-Dr. Harold P. Freeman, in a letter to President Clinton in 1997
It has been known for some time that the burden of cancer does not affect all populations equally. In 1975, 4 years after the signing of the National Cancer Act, the overall cancer mortality rate for Black Americans was 20% higher than for White Americans. Fifteen years later in 1990, this disparity was even greater, with Black Americans facing a cancer mortality rate that was 33% higher than White Americans.
Historically, differences in medical outcomes such as these were attributed to innate biological differences between people of different races. However, by the mid-1990s advances in genetics had indicated that there is little genetic variation between human populations. In fact, most genetic variants identified to that point could be found among members of the same population.
It is in this context that the President’s Cancer Panel (PCP) convened a meeting in 1997 titled “The Meaning of Race in Science—Considerations for Cancer Research.” This meeting brought together experts who discussed research on the history of racial classifications and their use, how well social definitions of race related to human genetics, the use of racial and ethnic classifications in scientific research, and the scientific and societal implications of race in cancer research.
PCP Chairman Dr. Harold P. Freeman reported the results of the meeting to President Clinton. In his letter, he identified four key findings:
- Race as used in the United States is a social and political construct derived from our nation’s history. It has no basis in science or anthropology.
- Biologically distinct races do not exist. Indeed, there is no evidence that they have ever existed in the recorded history of the human community.
- Neither is there a basis for racial classification. Modern technologies for measuring and conceptualizing human variation reveal that approximately 85% of all variation in gene frequency occurs within populations or races and only 15% occurs between such populations.
- Racism, rooted in the erroneous concept of biological racial superiority, has powerful societal effects and continues to influence science. The cultural framework of societal, institutional, and civilizational values in which science is conducted, and the role science has played in constructing and legitimizing race and racism, must be recognized and addressed.
Significant progress has been made against cancer. As of 2018, the overall cancer mortality for Black Americans saw a 37% reduction compared with 1990. However, even today Black Americans have a 13% higher mortality rate than White Americans. Since 2000, data for other races and ethnicities indicate that American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics all have cancer mortality rates lower than Black and White Americans. Although the 15% of genetic variation that occurs between populations can explain some differences in cancer outcomes, it is not the full story.
Establishing that race is a social rather than a biological construct is important because it shows that disparities in cancer outcomes are not predetermined by race. If race isn’t the sole factor in cancer health disparities, what is? This question will be addressed in the next part of this series, “Voices of a Broken System.” | <urn:uuid:7d0dbb74-7761-44c9-9372-ca5078eb6f4a> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://prescancerpanel.cancer.gov/about/blogs/nca-50-2/ | 2024-10-13T21:02:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.962883 | 746 | 3.125 | 3 |
Questions and Answers
When did New York City close Fresh Kills landfill?
New York City closed Fresh Kills landfill in 2001.
What is the estimated timeline of the Fresh Kills eco-park transformation?
The Fresh Kills eco-park transformation is expected to open in phases over the next 30 years.
What is the composition of landfill gas?
Landfill gas is composed of approximately half methane, half carbon dioxide, and a small amount of water vapor.
- The city of New York closed its largest landfill, Fresh Kills, in 2001.
- The landfill is being transformed into a state-of-the-art eco-park, and will open in phases over the next 30 years.
- The landfill produces enough methane gas each day to heat 30,000 homes, and will quite likely continue to do so for the next 10 years.
- The garbage stored at Fresh Kills falls into the category of “municipal solid waste.”
- It contains both organic material, like food waste and paper products, and inorganic material, like plastics and electronics.
- As the organic material breaks down over time, anaerobic micro-organisms helping the process along create what is known as landfill gas: about half methane and half carbon dioxide, along with a small amount of water vapor.
- The city processes the landfill gas on site at the Landfill Gas Purification Plant, and then sells the resulting four million cubic feet of refined, “pipeline-quality” gas to the local utility, National Grid, for distribution to residential and commercial customers throughout Staten Island.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Learn about the transformation of New York City's largest landfill, Fresh Kills, into a state-of-the-art eco-park. Discover how the landfill gas produced is processed and utilized for residential and commercial purposes, and explore the different types of waste stored at the landfill. | <urn:uuid:0a6f3243-b260-4e49-b651-11db4476e450> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://quizgecko.com/learn/gdjvfkffpd | 2024-10-13T19:14:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.904384 | 407 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Part 1: Got a New Gig
Learn About Variables
In programming, a variable is a container to store information that can be used at a later time.
In Quorum, there are four types of basic variables: text, number, integer and boolean. Each type of variable holds a different kind of information.
In this first example, we will create a text variable, which holds a text string of anything you want to type in. We'll explain the other types in the next sections.
Notice that a text string is enclosed in two double quotation marks.
Try it Yourself
In the next tutorial, we will discuss Hour of Code Part 2, which describes first steps in Quorum. | <urn:uuid:61c026e6-3dc6-46f0-92b2-88f154db9779> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://quorumlanguage.com/hourofcode/part1.html | 2024-10-13T19:30:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.87386 | 143 | 3.046875 | 3 |
What if we could exchange our Sun for another star? Would we still have an environment that supports advanced life? Or would the change prevent the continuation of that life?
A few months ago, Hugh Ross discussed efforts by various astronomers to find a twin of the Sun using six different star properties. Only four or five stars out of more than 100,000 had characteristics similar enough to fit this category, and those few still had differences that disqualified them. I was so impressed with this work that I voiced the opinion on our Creation Updatewebcast that it wouldn’t surprise me if, as more data came in, the uniqueness of the Sun would be more firmly established, providing us with another fine-tuned characteristic for our solar system. (Hugh made the same argument.)
My enthusiasm was somewhat dampened, however, by a soon-to-be-published study by J. Robles and colleagues where they performed a comprehensive comparison of the Sun to other stars. In this study the authors established 11 relatively independent star properties that are thought to affect whether a planet orbiting the star can support simple (as opposed to advanced) life for a short time (as opposed to simple life for billions of years). In such cases, the likeness of a supposed twin can be more relaxed.
Ideally, one would like to measure these properties for a large collection of stars in order to obtain the distributions in each property. The Sun would then appear as a point in this 11-dimensional distribution and measurements would show whether the Sun was out on the edge of this distribution (indicating rarity) or somewhere in its middle (indicating ordinariness). Of course, to get a proper measure of the uniqueness of the Sun, some kind of a chi-squared statistical test should be applied, from which various probabilities can be derived.
Unfortunately, the number of stars possessing all 11 of the properties is very limited, so the authors of the study had to use limited sets of stars that were parts of other surveys, and in many cases these sets were not overlapping. To see what this limitation could do to bias the study, imagine a comparison for just two properties with the stars being completely nonoverlapping so we don’t know if the stars in one set have skewed values for the other property. It is possible for the Sun to appear in the middle of both property distributions but not be in the middle of the joint distribution for stars where we can obtain both properties. In practice the nonoverlapping distributions are not likely to be so skewed, but it does reveal a weakness in the conclusions of the study.
The authors conclude that the Sun is not unique. If the study is free from the non-overlapping bias, one would expect to be able to find stars that are twins of the Sun in many, if not all, of the 11 properties. However, based on the studies Hugh Ross mentioned above, finding such a twin, even for a limited number of properties, has proved difficult, at least for the more restrictive advanced-life case.
Perhaps in the end the Sun will not prove to be unique, but based on the results so far, that appears to be the case. Future deep surveys with accurate measurements for all the relevant stellar parameters hold promise to help settle the matter. | <urn:uuid:8cb11e6e-f009-4f94-ac64-f5c15f24199f> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://reasons.org/explore/publications/articles/is-the-sun-unique | 2024-10-13T20:13:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.965501 | 668 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Start Page: Construction and Maintenance
See Tabs for more information…
Construction and maintenance are two of the most important aspects of any infrastructure. The construction industry is one of the most profitable and wasteful industries in the world, consuming 50% of global resources and raw materials, 48% of global energy supplies, and producing 40% of the earth’s solid waste and 50% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Conservative principles can help to address these issues by promoting sustainable practices that reduce waste and improve efficiency.
One such example is Google’s secret development department, Google X, which is reportedly working on a new technology called “Genie” that could transform the construction industry by making it more efficient and environmentally friendly at the level of design, construction, and maintenance. Genie is a cloud-based collaboration platform with planning applications to help architects and engineers in the design process, especially for skyscrapers and large buildings. The platform includes planning tools of expert architects and engineers and advanced analytics and simulation tools. The invention could save 30-50% in construction costs and 30-50% of the time spent between planning and market; moreover, it could generate $120 billion a year.
Another way to promote conservative principles in construction and maintenance is to adopt sustainable practices. Sustainable construction is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s lifecycle, from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction. This can be achieved by using green building materials, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing waste. By adopting these practices, we can reduce the environmental impact of construction and maintenance while also improving efficiency and reducing costs.
In conclusion, conservative principles can help to promote sustainable practices in construction and maintenance. By adopting these practices, we can reduce waste, improve efficiency, and reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry. With innovative technologies like Genie and a commitment to sustainability, we can build a better future for ourselves and for generations to come.
Construction and maintenance are two essential components of the infrastructure industry. Construction refers to the process of building new structures, while maintenance involves repairing and preserving existing ones. The construction process typically begins with planning, financing, and design, and continues until the asset is built and ready for use. It includes repairs and maintenance work, any works to expand, extend and improve the asset, and its eventual demolition, dismantling or decommissioning. The construction industry contributes significantly to many countries’ gross domestic products (GDP). Global expenditure on construction activities was about $4 trillion in 2012. In 2022, expenditure on the construction industry exceeded $11 trillion a year, equivalent to about 13 percent of global GDP.
Maintenance is a critical aspect of the construction industry. It involves the upkeep of buildings, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure to ensure that they remain functional and safe. There are different types of maintenance, including preventive, corrective, and predictive maintenance. Regular maintenance can help prevent costly repairs and extend the life of the infrastructure. For example, construction equipment maintenance is crucial to ensure that the equipment remains in good working condition and can perform optimally.
In conclusion, construction and maintenance are two critical components of the infrastructure industry. Construction involves building new structures, while maintenance involves repairing and preserving existing ones. The construction industry contributes significantly to many countries’ GDP, and regular maintenance is essential to ensure that the infrastructure remains functional and safe. By investing in construction and maintenance, we can ensure that our infrastructure remains in good condition and can continue to support our communities for years to come.
Right 360 seeks out the best of the internet. We are constantly looking for high quality sites to include in our database. If you know of a site that should be considered for inclusion, please use our contact form to submit a site for consideration. | <urn:uuid:6cc28b99-c3b4-4266-bac5-1cfc94a51db2> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://right360.com/startpages/heavy-industry-and-engineering/construction-and-maintenance/ | 2024-10-13T19:22:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.929978 | 777 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Sadly, even today’s young space engineers are more likely to associate the name Hermes with a European parcel delivery service or French scarf supplier than with a spaceplane… which is one good reason why this book is a welcome addition to the literature! As Europe’s Ariane 5 launch vehicle nears retirement, it is worth remembering that – in addition to its role as a satellite launcher - it was originally designed to carry the manned spaceplane Hermes.
This comprehensive history covers everything from the Hermes concept and proposal phase to the complex reasons for its eventual demise. Other aspects among the 26 chapters include astronaut training, spacesuits and escape systems, along with details of the thermal protection system and proposed communications segment via the data relay satellite (DRS). The book is illustrated with colour photos and line drawings and benefits from a 10-page abbreviation list and 12-page, double-column index.
Given that this is a story with a known and arguably depressing end, the author recognises the importance of the post mortem: “one all-important question emerges”, he says. “How could an ambitious project such as this, started with such enthusiasm and surrounded by so much excitement, collapse and founder?”. As usual – and there are plenty of other examples in space technology development – it comes down to a mix of technical challenges, politics and cost. At the turn of the century, it was clear that manned shuttle vehicles were more-or-less passé and that conical capsules were the favoured (albeit retro) design. No-one knows whether Europe will one day return to the concept of a spaceplane, but if they do this book will be waiting for that generation of engineers to consult (hopefully with better results). | <urn:uuid:3147dc47-c035-435f-8e6c-744df5ea8d4d> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://room.eu.com/review/spaceplane-hermes-europes-dream-of-independent-manned-spaceflight | 2024-10-13T19:27:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.947021 | 357 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Hosted by Morocco the 22th Conference of the Parties (COP22) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) gathered delegates from 197 Parties to the Convention. Dubbed “The COP of Action”, COP22 took over the reins from COP21 and The Paris Agreement signed by 191 countries to limit the rise in global temperature "well below 2°C" compared to pre-industrial levels. COP 22 provided an ‘opportunity to make the voices of the most vulnerable countries to climate change heard, in particular African countries and island states’ according to Morocco’s chairmanship of the conference. It focuses on action items in order to achieve the priorities of The Paris Agreement, especially related to adaptation, transparency, technology transfer, mitigation, capacity building and loss and damages.
More information on the COP22 MARRAKECH 2016: | <urn:uuid:b13d4484-b966-4388-bc50-7114d0f4d7f7> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://saharawind.com/de/aktuelle-news/478-marrakech-cop22 | 2024-10-13T20:48:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.884711 | 180 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Drywall absorbs water up to 30 inches. When a wall is moist, the water can stay on both sides. It’s often more on the inside because it can’t evaporate as easily. You might not imagine, but a tiny layer of water can form inside a sealed jar. This shows how water can get into walls. Drying fast stops damage and mold, but completely drying walls takes time and skill.
- Drywall is highly absorbent and can wick water up to 30 inches.
- Water can be present on both sides of a wall, often higher on the inside due to restricted evaporation.
- Fully drying out water-damaged walls requires time and professional expertise.
- Prompt action is essential to prevent further damage and mold growth.
- Calling a water damage remediation specialist like Water Damage Pros in San Bernardino (951-903-5429) is advised for widespread or structural water issues.
What Happens When Walls Get Water Damaged
Water damage to walls can cause big problems. The water can soak in deep, leading to many issues. This calls for quick and effective action in fixing them.
Water Wicking and Absorption in Walls
Drywall’s porosity lets water soak in deep, up to 30 inches high. The damage level depends on the wall’s material, water amount, and property’s water level. This makes inside walls more vulnerable as water enters but can’t easily evaporate out.
Yet, sometimes the damage is hard to see at first. Problems often start at the lower part of painted concrete walls. This is more common in non-ground level areas.
- Damage can occur up to 30 inches high in drywall
- Extent of damage depends on wall construction, water amount, and water level
- Inside walls sustain more damage due to restricted evaporation
- Damage often occurs at the bottom of painted concrete walls
- Problem is more common in areas not at ground level
Too much moisture in walls can cause efflorescence. This is the white, salty deposit you see. It shows there’s moisture for these salts to dissolve in.
“Moisture damage is more likely due to water condensation from external air leaks when air conditioning is turned on. Solar exposure may also drive moisture inward, causing condensation on cooler wall areas.”
In places like Dubai, where it’s hot and humid, wall issues are worse. Air conditioning can make moisture inside the walls. Thermal scans help find where and how moisture is getting in.
DIY Steps to Dry Water-Damaged Walls
Do you have water-damaged walls at home? You can take some DIY steps to fix the problem and dry the walls. Acting fast is key. This can stop more damage and keep mold from growing.
If a broken pipe caused the damage, turn off the water first. This stops the water flow and helps you dry the area faster.
- Remove wall decor, peel away wallpaper, and dislodge any molding to promote proper ventilation. This will allow air to circulate more freely and aid the drying process.
- Drill small holes near the base of the wall to let air flow into the wall cavity. This helps to dry the interior of the wall, not just the surface.
- Open windows and doors to increase air circulation and use fans and dehumidifiers to remove moisture from the air. Strategically placing these devices can greatly accelerate the drying process.
- Use a moisture meter to ensure the walls are completely dry before proceeding with any repairs or refinishing. Failing to do so can lead to recurring issues.
For a big water damage problem, consider calling a professional company. Water Damage Pros, for instance, has the skills and tools needed for the job. They can dry the walls well and prevent more issues.
Drying Technique | Effectiveness | Drying Time |
Drilling holes in walls | High | 2-3 days |
Using fans and dehumidifiers | High | 3-5 days |
Removing wall coverings | High | 1-2 days |
Calling a professional restoration company | Very High | 1-2 weeks |
Being patient and thorough is important when drying out water-damaged walls. Whether you handle it on your own or get help, these steps can fix the issue and save your home from more harm.
Will Water in Walls Evaporate?
Water that gets into walls is hard to dry out by itself. This is especially true if the water stays a long time. Drywall can soak up water up to 30 inches deep. Due to slow evaporation, this moisture might be more inside the wall.
Ignoring water-damaged walls can cause big problems. This includes harm to a building’s structure and the growth of mold. To dry the walls right, you should use fans and dehumidifiers. It might even need a special system to dry inside the walls.
If small water leaks aren’t fixed, they can seriously damage your home. Many things can cause water damage, like leaking pipes or heavy rains. For the best repair, getting help from a water damage expert is smart. Contact Water Damage Pros at 951-903-5429 for professional help.
You can tell if there’s water damage by looking for peeling paint or mold. Wet spots, stains, and musty smells are also signs. Special tools can check for water in walls without more damage.
For big water problems, special tools are needed to dry the walls and stop mold. If the wall has things like glossy paint inside, different plans are used. This lets the walls dry properly and avoid mold.
Experts need to check the drying process often. They use tools to measure moisture. This makes sure the walls dry fully without mold or bad smells.
In some cases, wet walls must have the wallboard and insulation removed. It’s a tough, costly repair. The wallboard might get damaged and need to be replaced.
To wrap it up, water in walls doesn’t just dry out on its own. Not fixing water-damaged walls can be bad for your home. Using the right tools and help is the best way to dry walls and avoid more damage.
Water that gets into your walls won’t dry itself. You need to work on drying them to avoid more damage. You can try to dry walls by yourself, but it’s smart to call experts for big water problems.
Water Damage Pros in San Bernardino (951-903-5429) is a great choice. They have the right tools and skills to dry walls fast. This lowers the risk of bad mold or issues with your walls.
Don’t wait if you see water damage in your walls. Acting fast can save your home from more harm. Sanbernardinowaterdamagerestoration.com and Water Damage Pros can help. They offer full services to keep your walls dry and healthy.
Fixing water damage is key to keeping your home safe and strong. With the right help, you can dry your walls and avoid problems like mold. Protect your home and make sure it’s the best place for you and your family.
What happens when walls get water damaged?
How does water seep into and damage walls?
What steps can homeowners take to dry water-damaged walls?
Will water in walls evaporate on its own? | <urn:uuid:e8b5e5d4-a32f-4e06-945a-81894168a3c5> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://sanbernardinowaterdamagerestoration.com/will-water-in-walls-evaporate/ | 2024-10-13T20:54:36Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.908592 | 1,550 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Are you a Class 10 student aspiring to enhance your English language skills and gain recognition for your proficiency? English Olympiad can be a great platform for you to showcase your abilities and compete with other students at a national or international level. In this article, we will explore the syllabus, recommended books, previous year question papers (PYQ), preparation tips, time management strategies, and more related to the English Olympiad for Class 10.
Table of Contents
Class 10 English Olympiad
English Olympiad is a prestigious competition that aims to assess and reward students’ English language proficiency. It encourages participants to develop strong grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, writing skills, and an understanding of literature. By participating in the English Olympiad, students have the opportunity to demonstrate their English language prowess and potentially win scholarships or other recognition.
Syllabus for English Olympiad
To excel in the English Olympiad, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of the syllabus. The syllabus typically includes the following areas:
Grammar and Vocabulary
The grammar and vocabulary section tests your understanding of various grammatical concepts, such as tenses, parts of speech, sentence structure, and word usage. It also assesses your vocabulary knowledge, including synonyms, antonyms, idioms, and phrasal verbs.
This section evaluates your ability to comprehend and analyze passages of different genres, such as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and drama. It tests your skills in understanding the central theme, drawing inferences, identifying literary devices, and answering questions based on the given passages.
The writing skills section assesses your ability to express your thoughts effectively through various writing formats. It may include tasks such as essay writing, paragraph writing, letter writing, or summary/precis writing. Emphasis is given to clarity, coherence, grammar, and vocabulary usage.
The literature section focuses on testing your knowledge of prominent literary works, authors, genres, literary devices, and their interpretations. It may include questions based on extracts or passages from literary texts.
Recommended Books for English Olympiad
To prepare for the English Olympiad, it is essential to refer to the right study materials. Here are some recommended books that can aid your preparation:
Books for Grammar and Vocabulary
- “English Grammar in Use” by Raymond Murphy
- “Word Power Made Easy” by Norman Lewis
- “High School English Grammar and Composition” by Wren and Martin
Books for Reading Comprehension
- “Barron’s Reading Workbook for the New SAT” by Brian Stewart
- “Reading Comprehension Passages and Questions” by Aristotle Prep
Books for Writing Skills
- “Descriptive English” by S.P. Bakshi and Richa Sharma
- “The Only Grammar Book You’ll Ever Need” by Susan Thurman
Books for Literature
- “CBSE Class 10 English Literature Reader” by NCERT
- “A Collection of Short Stories” by Ruskin Bond
- “Selected Poems” by William Wordsworth
Remember to use these books as supplements to your regular textbooks and classroom learning.
Previous Year Question Papers (PYQ)
Solving previous year question papers (PYQ) is an effective strategy for understanding the exam pattern and gaining familiarity with the types of questions asked in the English Olympiad. Here’s why solving PYQ is beneficial:
- Understanding the Exam Format: PYQ gives you insights into the structure of the exam, the marking scheme, and the time allotted for each section.
- Identifying Important Topics: Analyzing PYQ helps you identify recurring themes and topics that are frequently asked, allowing you to prioritize your preparation accordingly.
- Improving Time Management: Solving PYQ under timed conditions helps you develop essential time management skills, enabling you to complete the exam within the given time frame.
You can find previous year question papers for the English Olympiad from various sources such as official websites, educational forums, or preparatory books specifically designed for Olympiad exams. Make sure to use them strategically during your preparation.
Preparation Tips for English Olympiad
Preparing for the English Olympiad requires dedication and a well-structured approach. Here are some tips to help you excel:
- Develop Strong Grammar and Vocabulary Skills: Focus on understanding grammar rules and expanding your vocabulary by reading books, newspapers, and magazines. Practice exercises to reinforce your knowledge.
- Enhance Reading Comprehension Abilities: Read a variety of texts, including fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. Analyze the passages, pay attention to the author’s tone, and practice answering comprehension questions to improve your reading skills.
- Practice Writing Essays and Paragraphs: Enhance your writing skills by regularly practicing essay and paragraph writing. Pay attention to grammar, sentence structure, coherence, and clarity of expression.
- Study and Analyze Literature Passages: Familiarize yourself with important literary works, authors, and literary devices. Read critically and analyze the themes, characters, and writing style employed by the authors.
Participating in English Olympiad
Once you have prepared for the English Olympiad, it’s time to participate and showcase your skills. Here’s what you need to know about participating in the Olympiad:
- Registration Process: Keep an eye out for the registration announcements on official websites or through your school. Follow the registration instructions, fill out the necessary forms, and pay the required fees, if any.
- Exam Format and Guidelines: Familiarize yourself with the exam format, duration, marking scheme, and any specific guidelines or rules provided by the organizing body. Understanding the exam structure will help you plan your approach accordingly.
- Tips for Performing Well During the Exam: On the day of the exam, stay calm and focused. Read the questions carefully before answering. Manage your time wisely to ensure that you attempt all the questions within the given timeframe. Revise your answers if time permits.
Benefits of English Olympiad
Participating in the English Olympiad offers several benefits for students. Here are some advantages:
- Enhancing English Language Skills: By preparing for the Olympiad, you will significantly improve your grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, and comprehension skills in English. These skills are invaluable and will benefit you throughout your academic journey and professional career.
- Boosting Confidence in English Communication: The English Olympiad provides a platform for students to showcase their language proficiency. Participating and performing well in the Olympiad can boost your confidence in English communication, both spoken and written.
- Recognition and Scholarships: Exceptional performance in the English Olympiad can lead to recognition and accolades at the national or international level. Some organizations and institutions also offer scholarships or other rewards to meritorious students.
The English Olympiad for Class 10 is an excellent opportunity for students to enhance their English language skills, gain recognition, and showcase their abilities on a competitive platform. By following a systematic preparation approach, referring to recommended books, solving previous year question papers, and practicing mock tests, you can significantly improve your chances of success in the Olympiad. Remember to stay focused, manage your time effectively, and maintain a balance with your other subjects. Best of luck!
A: The eligibility criteria for the English Olympiad may vary depending on the organizing body. Generally, it is open to students of a specific grade or age group, such as Class 10 students.
A: English Olympiads often have age limits to ensure fair competition among students of similar age groups. The specific age limits may vary, so it’s important to check the eligibility criteria for the particular Olympiad you wish to participate in.
A: Yes, you can participate in the English Olympiad even if English is not your first language. The Olympiad is designed to assess your English language proficiency, regardless of your mother tongue.
A: Negative marking policies may differ among different Olympiads. It’s important to carefully read the exam guidelines provided by the organizing body to understand if there is any negative marking and how it may impact your scores. | <urn:uuid:b2523224-b78b-431c-abf9-3183074d1fc4> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://schools.studyrate.in/class-10th/english-international-olympiad/ | 2024-10-13T20:47:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.91469 | 1,731 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Germany (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) Innovative power supply offers up to 50 years of service life
In the household, in the office, in industry: switching power supplies are omnipresent in our everyday lives. They convert alternating current from the house line into direct current, which smartphones, laptops and the like need as well as charging stations for electric cars and entire logistics or data centers. So far, these have had to be replaced after usually nine years of continuous operation. The spin-off of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Digital Power Systems (DPS) has now shown power supplies with a service life of 50 years in tests.
Today’s switching power supplies are light and compact, but also error-prone due to the electrolytic capacitors installed in them. Film capacitors are much more durable. However, these require up to ten times more space – until now: “We have developed a digital control method that allows us to use film capacitors in a space-saving manner,” says DPS Managing Director Michael Heidinger. This results in a much lower maintenance effort than with conventional power supplies: “The technology is a game changer for all areas where reliability is important,” says Heidinger. “For example, in data centers or logistics centers or flight security lighting.” Because service calls to replace defective power supplies, cost a multiple of the device price itself.
Lifetime five times longer than power supplies with electrolytic capacitor
Joint tests with the Light Technology Institute of KIT have proven a service life of the power supplies of 50 years at an ambient temperature of 40 degrees. “This exceeds the service life of established power supplies by about five times,” says Heidinger. No power supply had yet failed, so the tests would continue. “So there is still room for improvement.”
Digital control saves space
The novel digital control method, which allows film capacitors to be used with only slightly increased space requirements, runs on a microprocessor built into the power supply. It detects disturbing environmental influences, so that, for example, higher voltage fluctuations on the film capacitor can be compensated. As a result, storage capacitors with lower capacitance are sufficient. This technology only became possible with the spread of very powerful microprocessors, explains Heidinger.
Use in aviation security
The power supply is already used for emergency lighting – also known as lighting – on obstacles for aircraft such as industrial chimneys, wind turbines or radio masts. Defective power supplies can usually only be replaced there cumbersome and expensive with the help of industrial climbers.
For more information:www.digitalpowersystems.eu
As “The Research University in the Helmholtz Association”, KIT creates and imparts knowledge for society and the environment. The aim is to make significant contributions to global challenges in the fields of energy, mobility and information. To this end, around 9,800 employees work together on a broad disciplinary basis in the natural sciences, engineering, economics, humanities and social sciences. KIT prepares its 22,300 students for responsible tasks in society, industry, and science through research-oriented university studies. Innovation activities at KIT bridge the gap between knowledge and application for social benefit, economic prosperity, and preservation of our natural resources. KIT is one of Germany’s Universities of Excellence. | <urn:uuid:e3e9713f-dc79-4b4c-98db-92eea512675e> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://sdgsuniversities.org/karlsruhe-institute-of-technology-germany-innovative-power-supply-offers-up-to-50-years-of-service-life/ | 2024-10-13T20:44:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.936411 | 699 | 2.875 | 3 |
S & J Tree Farm and Nursery’s
for Northeast Florida Landscapes
Quercus – The official National tree of the United States.
There are over 600 species of Oak trees scattered across the globe.
Out of those several hundred species of Oak trees nineteen of them are native to Florida and will be found growing wild in our natural areas and as cultivated plantings in our home landscapes where their acorns provide valuable food for local wildlife.
Oaks are broken down into two categories and will either fall under the Red Oak category or the White Oak Category depending on the following characteristics.
White Oak Group
– Acorns mature in the fall and are formed on the tree annually. These annual acorns of the White Oak group are generally sweeter and more palatable to humans and the wildlife that depend on them as a food source for the fall and winter season.
– Generally have a rounded leaf apex and rounded lobes and no bristles.
Red Oak Group (sometimes called Black Oak)
– Red Oaks leaf lobes are generally pointed and are frequently tipped with
– Acorns are bitter and mature the second year following formation on the
S & J Tree Farm and Nursery’s Common Oak
Trees for Northeast Florida Landscapes
Nuttall oak ( Quercus nuttalli)
Sand Live Oak (Quercus geminata)
Turkey Oak (Quercus laevis)
Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
Link to a PDF of the Field Guide to the Native Oaks of North America here! | <urn:uuid:41e74dc3-e6e9-4ca4-8547-ca8475720f49> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://sjtreefarm.com/trees/oak-trees/ | 2024-10-13T20:47:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.919481 | 325 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits