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Sleep tests are crucial in diagnosing and treating various sleep disorders. In Adelaide, there are different types of sleep tests available that can provide valuable insights into an individual’s sleep patterns and overall health. Understanding the importance of these tests and knowing what to expect during the process can help individuals make informed decisions about their sleep health.
Understanding the Importance of Sleep Tests
In conclusion, sleep tests Adelaide are essential tools in understanding and managing sleep disorders. By recognizing the importance of sleep tests, knowing the available options, and understanding the process and interpretation of results, individuals can take proactive measures to optimize their sleep health and overall well-being.
The Role of Sleep in Overall Health
Sleep plays a vital role in maintaining overall health and well-being. It is an essential process that allows the body to rest, repair, and recharge. During sleep, the brain consolidates memories, regulates hormones, and restores energy levels. Adequate and quality sleep is necessary for optimal cognitive function, immune system strength, emotional well-being, and physical health.
However, many people experience sleep disturbances or disorders that can significantly impact their quality of life. Sleep tests help in identifying these disorders and provide critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding the intricate connection between sleep and health is crucial for individuals to prioritize their sleep hygiene. Factors such as a consistent sleep schedule, a comfortable sleep environment, and practicing relaxation techniques before bedtime can all contribute to better sleep quality. Additionally, avoiding stimulants like caffeine and electronic devices close to bedtime can help promote a more restful night’s sleep.
Identifying Sleep Disorders
There are various sleep disorders that can disrupt a person’s sleep patterns and overall health. Some common sleep disorders include:
- Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Breathing interruptions during sleep
- Narcolepsy: Excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks
- Restless Legs Syndrome: Uncomfortable sensations in the legs, leading to an irresistible urge to move
- Periodic Limb Movement Disorder: Involuntary leg movements during sleep
Sleep tests help in diagnosing these disorders by monitoring various physiological parameters during sleep.
It is important to consult with a healthcare professional if you suspect you may have a sleep disorder. By undergoing a sleep test, individuals can gain valuable insights into their sleep patterns and receive appropriate treatment to improve their overall quality of life.
Types of Sleep Tests Available in Adelaide
Polysomnography: An In-depth Look
Polysomnography is a comprehensive sleep test that involves monitoring multiple physiological parameters during sleep. This test is typically conducted in a sleep clinic or a specialized sleep center. It includes the measurement of brain activity (electroencephalogram), eye movement (electrooculogram), muscle activity (electromyogram), heart rate, respiratory effort, and oxygen levels. Find more about electroencephalogram at https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/electroencephalogram-eeg
A sleep technician applies sensors and electrodes to the person’s body to monitor these parameters throughout the night. The data collected during the test provides detailed information about sleep stages, breathing patterns, and any abnormalities that may indicate a sleep disorder.
During a polysomnography test, the sleep technician carefully observes the patient’s sleep patterns and records any significant events that occur during the night. This detailed analysis helps in diagnosing various sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome. The information gathered from polysomnography is crucial in developing an effective treatment plan tailored to the individual’s specific sleep needs.
Home Sleep Tests: Convenience and Comfort
Home sleep tests are an alternative option for diagnosing sleep disorders, particularly for suspected cases of obstructive sleep apnea. These tests are conducted in the comfort of a person’s own home, using portable monitoring devices.
A healthcare professional provides instructions on how to apply the sensors before sleeping. The devices usually monitor breathing effort, oxygen levels, and heart rate. Although home sleep tests may provide limited information compared to polysomnography, they can still be effective in identifying certain sleep disorders.
One of the advantages of home sleep tests is the convenience they offer to individuals who may have difficulty spending a night in a sleep clinic. Being able to sleep in familiar surroundings can sometimes lead to more accurate results as it reflects a person’s typical sleep environment. However, it’s essential to follow the instructions provided by the healthcare professional carefully to ensure the accuracy of the test results and subsequent diagnosis.
The Process of Undergoing a Sleep Test
Preparing for Your Sleep Test
Prior to a sleep test, it is important to follow any specific instructions given by the healthcare provider. This may include abstaining from caffeine or certain medications that could interfere with the test. It is also advisable to maintain a regular sleep schedule and ensure a comfortable sleep environment on the night of the test.
Additionally, it is recommended to avoid heavy meals close to bedtime, as digestion can affect sleep quality. Creating a relaxing pre-sleep routine, such as reading a book or taking a warm bath, can help signal to your body that it is time to wind down and prepare for restful sleep.
What to Expect During the Test
During a sleep test, a sleep technician will apply sensors and electrodes to monitor the required physiological parameters. These sensors are painless and non-invasive. The individual can sleep as naturally as possible, as the sensors collect data throughout the night. The sleep technician will be available to address any concerns or issues that may arise during the test.
It is important to remember that the purpose of the sleep test is to obtain accurate data, so it is crucial to try and sleep as you normally would. It may feel strange to sleep in an unfamiliar environment with sensors attached, but rest assured that the technicians are trained to ensure minimal disruption to your sleep. Click here to learn more about accurate data.
Interpreting Sleep Test Results
Understanding Your Sleep Test Report
After completing a sleep test, the collected data is analyzed by a sleep specialist. They will interpret the results and provide a detailed report. The report typically includes information about sleep efficiency, sleep stages, breathing patterns, and any abnormalities identified during the test. It may also provide an indication of the presence or absence of specific sleep disorders.
When analyzing sleep efficiency, specialists look at how effectively you transition between sleep stages and how long you spend in each stage. This information can offer insights into the quality of your sleep and help identify any disruptions that may be affecting your rest. Understanding your breathing patterns is crucial as well, as irregularities such as snoring, pauses in breathing (apneas), or shallow breathing can indicate conditions like sleep apnea.
Next Steps After Receiving Your Results
Once you have received your sleep test results, it is essential to schedule a follow-up appointment with a sleep specialist. They will explain the findings in detail, answer any questions you have, and recommend further steps if necessary. Depending on the diagnosis, these steps may include lifestyle changes, medical interventions, or additional sleep studies.
During your follow-up appointment, the sleep specialist will work with you to create a personalized treatment plan tailored to address your specific sleep issues. This plan may involve behavioral changes, such as improving sleep hygiene practices, or the use of medical devices like CPAP machines for conditions like sleep apnea. In some cases, medication or surgery may be recommended to address underlying sleep disorders.
The Role of Sleep Specialists in Adelaide
When to Consult a Sleep Specialist
If you experience ongoing sleep disturbances, excessive daytime sleepiness, or suspect that you have a sleep disorder, it is advisable to consult a sleep specialist in Adelaide. They have the expertise to evaluate your individual sleep patterns and provide personalized treatment recommendations.
It’s important to note that sleep specialists in Adelaide are highly trained medical professionals who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of various sleep disorders. They undergo extensive education and training to understand the complexities of sleep and its impact on overall health. By seeking their expertise, individuals can gain valuable insights into their sleep issues and receive targeted interventions to improve their quality of life.
How Sleep Specialists Can Help
Sleep specialists play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders. They have in-depth knowledge of sleep medicine and can interpret sleep test results accurately. Based on the diagnosis, they can create tailored treatment plans that may include lifestyle modifications, behavioral therapies, or the use of therapeutic devices, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines for sleep apnea.
Moreover, sleep specialists collaborate with multidisciplinary teams to ensure comprehensive care for patients with complex sleep conditions. They work closely with pulmonologists, neurologists, psychologists, and other healthcare professionals to address the diverse needs of individuals struggling with sleep issues. This holistic approach not only enhances treatment outcomes but also promotes long-term management strategies for better sleep health.
alearn about cost of sleep test on: Understanding the Costs Associated with Sleep Tests | <urn:uuid:4ceaa72c-b2ef-4b00-82f6-f32e4f68a9ad> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://sleepeezkidz.com/key-insights-on-sleep-tests-in-adelaide/ | 2024-10-13T18:52:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.93067 | 1,875 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Unlocking the Code is the Key to Reading Success
The key to unlock the puzzle of the English Alphabet Code empowers teachers to teach and children & learners of any age to reach their true reading potential
Diane McGuinness was Emeritus Professor of Psychology at the University of South Florida. She is the author of over 100 research papers and several books including: Why Children Can’t Read, Penguin 1997, Growing a Reader from Birth, W.W. Norton, 2004, Early Reading Instruction, MIT Press, 2004 and Language Development and Learning to Read, MIT Press, 2005.
Her major contribution to the field of reading instruction is the first comprehensive analysis of the English alphabet code from a ‘sound’ base (1991). This has made it possible to greatly simplify the teaching of reading. In her recent books, which review over 100 years of applied research, McGuinness set out to discover a ‘Prototype’ – a set of principles which reflect the features of literacy instruction that work versus those that don’t. Applied, they will guarantee success in learning to read and spell. This has made it possible to greatly simplify the teaching of reading.
For six years Diane McGuinness lived in Oxfordshire and chaired the Our Right to Read Trust. She was actively engaged in the ORR Reading Centre in Oxford and the development of the Sound Reading System. Diane returned to live in Florida in November 2012. Diane became ill in 2018 and died on the 13th May 2022. Diane, a woman of incredible focus and maybe of genius, should be remembered gratefully for her seminal book, ‘Why Children Can’t Read’, as well as her kindness, humour and erudition.
Quotes and principles
“Letters do not have sounds. People do.”
Diane McGuinness, Early Reading Instruction MIT 2004, p53
“People can learn to decode at any age, but language skills cannot be taught at any age.”
Diane McGuinness, p10 Growing a Reader from Birth 2004
“Reading and spelling are reversible processes, and should be taught in tandem so that this reversibility is obvious.”
Diane McGuinness, p37, Early Reading Instruction, MIT Press 2004.
“A good reading programme must structure lessons in such a way that neither the teacher nor the pupils are ever confused or confronted by something they can’t do. In other words, information must be introduced systematically so that it is easy to assimilate.”
Diane McGuinness, Early Reading Instruction, MIT Press 2004
“The brain cannot cope with randomness… and very little active memorisation is necessary when learning is based on exposure to predictable patterns.”
Diane McGuinness, p59, Early Reading Instruction, MIT Press 2004.
“Our brains do the work for us. Once the structure of the spelling code is set up visually, numerous features and patterns come to light. The only active memorization required is to learn the 40+ phonemes (sounds) in the language and their spellings. Spelling alternatives for each phoneme can be mastered through controlled exposure and varied repetition:
- dictionary activities,
- fail-safe worksheets,
- reading specially designed stories,
- creative writing.
Use of these patterns can dramatically speed up learning while reducing memory load, and is essential for setting up a sequence of instruction.”
Diane McGuinness, p59, Early Reading Instruction, MIT Press 2004
“The Laws that Govern Writing Systems:
As McGuinness has noted in the introduction to SRS, the laws governing writing systems are based on human language and memory, therefore these laws have great relevance for reading instruction, both in the classroom and in remedial settings. Choosing a sound unit for a writing system is not arbitrary. It is based on three critical factors:
- The speech patterns or ‘phonological structure’ of the language itself,
- The ease with which people can hear the sound,
- The limits of memory.
We know from research that there are three main teaching activities:
- Learning to segment and blend the individual sounds in words: Skills.
- Learning which letters (spellings) represent which sounds in words, taught logically from simple to complex: Knowledge.
- Copying or writing letters, words and sentences: This combines skills and knowledge.”
Diane McGuinness, p113, Early Reading Instruction, MIT Press 2004 | <urn:uuid:0131ea2b-3ef1-4871-bbdf-8f3b878025fd> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://soundreadingsystem.co.uk/about-the-sound-reading-system/diane-mcguinness/ | 2024-10-13T19:41:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.939542 | 926 | 2.65625 | 3 |
State is a variation of the Strategy pattern where the strategy changes depending on the state of the context. We have seen in the previous section how a strategy can be selected based on different variables such as user preferences, a configuration parameter, and the input provided, and once this selection is done, the strategy stays unchanged for the rest of the lifespan of the context.
Instead, in the State pattern, the strategy (also called state in this circumstance) is dynamic and can change during the lifetime of the context, thus allowing its behavior to adapt depending on its internal state, as shown in the following figure:
Imagine that we have a hotel booking system and an object called Reservation
that models a room reservation. This is a classical situation where we have to adapt the behavior of an object based on its state. Consider the following series of events:
When the reservation is initially created, the user can confirm (using
) the reservation; of course... | <urn:uuid:f78912bf-6f5b-4965-ab68-54d4e2e92637> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://subscription.packtpub.com/book/programming/9781785885587/6/ch06lvl1sec36/state | 2024-10-13T21:04:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.951576 | 192 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition affecting millions worldwide. When present on the hands, it can significantly impact daily activities. Hand eczema is characterized by red, inflamed, and itchy skin, often accompanied by dryness, cracking, and blisters.
The exact cause of eczema remains unclear, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with eczema typically have a compromised skin barrier, allowing irritants and allergens to penetrate more easily, leading to inflammation and itching. Common triggers for hand eczema include exposure to harsh chemicals, frequent hand washing, stress, and certain foods.
Understanding these underlying causes and triggers is essential for effective management and treatment of the condition. Hand eczema presents unique challenges due to the constant use and exposure of hands in daily activities. The skin on the hands is frequently exposed to environmental factors and is more susceptible to irritation from regular hand washing and contact with potential allergens.
Moreover, repetitive hand use can exacerbate eczema symptoms, resulting in increased inflammation and discomfort. It is crucial for those affected by hand eczema to recognize these specific challenges and seek appropriate treatment and management strategies to alleviate symptoms and improve their quality of life.
- Eczema on the hands is a chronic skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed skin.
- Common symptoms of eczema on the hands include dry, scaly skin, itching, redness, and cracking.
- Best practices for treating eczema on the hands include moisturizing regularly, avoiding irritants, and using gentle skincare products.
- Managing itchy skin associated with eczema involves using cold compresses, taking short, lukewarm showers, and using fragrance-free moisturizers.
- Lifestyle changes to help alleviate eczema symptoms include wearing gloves when doing household chores, avoiding excessive hand washing, and managing stress levels.
- Medical treatments for severe eczema on the hands may include prescription topical corticosteroids, oral antihistamines, and phototherapy.
- Preventing eczema flare-ups on the hands involves identifying and avoiding triggers, keeping the skin moisturized, and wearing protective gloves when necessary.
Common Symptoms of Eczema on the Hands
Symptoms of Hand Eczema
Common symptoms of eczema on the hands include redness, inflammation, itching, dryness, and cracking of the skin. The affected skin may also develop small fluid-filled blisters that can be very itchy and uncomfortable.
Severe Cases of Hand Eczema
In severe cases, the skin on the hands may become thickened, scaly, and painful. The constant itching and scratching can further damage the skin, leading to open sores and an increased risk of infection. The symptoms of eczema on the hands can be exacerbated by factors such as exposure to irritants, stress, and changes in weather.
Impact on Quality of Life
Individuals with eczema on their hands may also experience a significant impact on their quality of life. The discomfort and visible appearance of the affected skin can lead to self-consciousness and embarrassment, especially in social or professional settings. The itching and pain can also interfere with daily activities and sleep, leading to increased stress and frustration.
It is important for individuals with eczema on their hands to recognize these common symptoms and seek appropriate treatment to alleviate their discomfort and improve their overall well-being.
Best Practices for Treating Eczema on the Hands
Treating eczema on the hands requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the underlying causes of the condition and the management of its symptoms. One of the most important aspects of managing eczema on the hands is to keep the skin well moisturized. Using a thick, fragrance-free moisturizer multiple times a day can help to restore the skin barrier and prevent dryness and cracking.
It is also important to avoid harsh soaps and detergents that can further irritate the skin. Instead, opt for gentle, fragrance-free cleansers and wear gloves when doing tasks that involve exposure to potential irritants. In addition to moisturizing and protecting the skin, it is important to identify and avoid triggers that can exacerbate eczema symptoms.
This may include avoiding certain foods or environmental factors that are known to trigger flare-ups. Stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises can also be helpful in reducing the frequency and severity of eczema flare-ups. For individuals with severe or persistent eczema on their hands, it may be necessary to seek medical treatment from a dermatologist or allergist who can provide prescription medications or other advanced treatment options.
Managing Itchy Skin Associated with Eczema
Itchy skin is one of the most common and distressing symptoms of eczema on the hands. The constant urge to scratch can further damage the skin and lead to increased inflammation and discomfort. Managing itchy skin associated with eczema requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses both the underlying causes of itching and strategies for relieving the discomfort.
One of the most important steps in managing itchy skin is to keep the affected area well moisturized. Using a thick, emollient moisturizer multiple times a day can help to soothe dry, itchy skin and prevent further irritation. In addition to moisturizing, it is important to avoid scratching as much as possible.
This may require wearing gloves at night to prevent unconscious scratching during sleep or using cold compresses or anti-itch creams to alleviate the urge to scratch. It is also important to identify and avoid triggers that can exacerbate itching, such as exposure to allergens or irritants. For individuals with persistent itching associated with eczema on their hands, it may be necessary to seek medical treatment from a healthcare professional who can provide prescription medications or other advanced treatment options.
Lifestyle Changes to Help Alleviate Eczema Symptoms
In addition to topical treatments and medical interventions, making certain lifestyle changes can help alleviate eczema symptoms and improve overall well-being. One important lifestyle change for individuals with eczema on their hands is to pay attention to their diet. Certain foods such as dairy, eggs, nuts, and wheat have been known to trigger eczema flare-ups in some individuals.
Keeping a food diary and eliminating potential trigger foods from the diet can help identify and avoid these triggers. Another important lifestyle change is to manage stress effectively. Stress has been shown to exacerbate eczema symptoms in many individuals.
Engaging in stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises can help reduce stress levels and minimize the frequency and severity of eczema flare-ups. Getting regular exercise can also help manage stress levels and improve overall well-being. Finally, paying attention to clothing choices can also make a difference in managing eczema on the hands.
Wearing loose-fitting, breathable fabrics such as cotton can help prevent irritation and sweating that can exacerbate eczema symptoms. Avoiding harsh detergents and fragrances when washing clothing can also help prevent further irritation of the skin.
Medical Treatments for Severe Eczema on the Hands
For individuals with severe or persistent eczema on their hands, medical treatments may be necessary to effectively manage their symptoms. One common medical treatment for severe eczema is the use of prescription topical corticosteroids. These medications work by reducing inflammation and itching in the affected area.
Additional Prescription Medications
In addition to topical corticosteroids, other prescription medications such as calcineurin inhibitors or PDE4 inhibitors may be prescribed for individuals with severe eczema on their hands. These medications work by modulating the immune response in the skin and reducing inflammation.
Oral Medications and Phototherapy
In some cases, oral medications such as antihistamines or oral corticosteroids may be prescribed for short-term relief of severe itching or inflammation. For individuals with severe or persistent eczema on their hands that does not respond to other treatments, phototherapy may be recommended. Phototherapy involves exposing the affected skin to controlled amounts of natural or artificial ultraviolet light under medical supervision. This treatment has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation and itching in some individuals with severe eczema.
Preventing Eczema Flare-Ups on the Hands
Preventing eczema flare-ups on the hands requires a proactive approach that addresses potential triggers and risk factors for exacerbating symptoms. One important step in preventing flare-ups is to identify and avoid potential allergens or irritants that can trigger eczema symptoms. This may include avoiding certain foods, using gentle cleansers and detergents, wearing gloves when doing tasks that involve exposure to potential irritants, and paying attention to clothing choices.
Another important aspect of preventing flare-ups is to keep the skin well moisturized at all times. Using a thick, fragrance-free moisturizer multiple times a day can help maintain the skin barrier and prevent dryness and cracking that can lead to flare-ups. It is also important to avoid excessive hand washing or exposure to water for prolonged periods, as this can further dry out the skin and exacerbate symptoms.
Finally, managing stress effectively can also help prevent eczema flare-ups on the hands. Engaging in stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises can help reduce stress levels and minimize the frequency and severity of flare-ups. By taking a proactive approach to preventing flare-ups, individuals with eczema on their hands can minimize their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.
In conclusion, eczema on the hands can be a challenging condition that requires a comprehensive approach to management and treatment. By understanding the underlying causes and triggers of eczema, individuals can take proactive steps to alleviate their symptoms and improve their overall well-being. Through a combination of lifestyle changes, topical treatments, medical interventions, and preventive strategies, individuals with eczema on their hands can effectively manage their condition and minimize its impact on their daily lives.
What are the symptoms of eczema on the hands?
Eczema on the hands can present with symptoms such as dry, itchy, red, and inflamed skin. It may also cause the skin to crack, blister, or weep fluid.
What are the common triggers for eczema on the hands?
Common triggers for eczema on the hands include exposure to irritants such as soaps, detergents, and chemicals, as well as allergens like certain metals, latex, and certain foods.
How is eczema on the hands typically treated?
Treatment for eczema on the hands often involves using moisturizers to keep the skin hydrated, avoiding triggers, using topical corticosteroids or immunomodulators, and practicing good skincare habits.
Are there any lifestyle changes that can help manage eczema on the hands?
Lifestyle changes such as wearing protective gloves when doing household chores, avoiding excessive hand washing, and using mild, fragrance-free soaps can help manage eczema on the hands.
When should I seek medical attention for eczema on my hands?
It is important to seek medical attention if the eczema on your hands is severe, does not improve with over-the-counter treatments, becomes infected, or significantly impacts your daily life. | <urn:uuid:1ca18ce9-695f-4408-b4c7-20783b3190ec> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://symptomsofeczema.com/eczema-on-the-hands-symptoms-and-best-treatment-practices/ | 2024-10-13T20:28:10Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.937609 | 2,360 | 3.34375 | 3 |
As a nurse, you are one of the front liners in medical emergencies. In the course of your duties, you take notes on every interaction you have with patients. These notes are very important as you are usually the one who administers drugs to patients in the hospital. You need to know how to write nursing note samples that you can use as needed.
Nursing Note Samples
What is a progress note in nursing?
Generally speaking, nurses are patient advocates for the simple reason that you often spend the most time with patients. Creating nursing note samples provides you with the complete picture of patient’s health that other medical specialists and professionals can use in making diagnoses or suggesting treatments.
These notes are a form of official documentation made by nurses when charting patients. On your nurses’ notes templates, you jot down important information based on the scribblings and notations you gather during your visits with the patients.
You may also incorporate charting by exception. This is a shorthand way of jotting down the “exceptions,” – the abnormalities a patient experiences by initialing charts and lists. Keeping accurate and thorough notes is extremely essential in the maintenance of effective communication between you and the rest of the medical staff.
If you consider the number of patients that you attend to at any given time, the notes you take will help you better remember the events that transpired throughout the day, the care you provided, and the specialists involved with each of the doctors and medical professionals.
The benefits of writing nursing notes
Typically, nursing note samples carry a patient’s general and basic information. It may include the following:
- The appearance of the patient
- Medical history of the patient
- Current medical condition of the patient
It could also contain information about a specific person including your observations and your opinions based on those observations. For instance, many nurses create nursing progress notes examples after conducting nursing assessments and tests.
Fundamentally, these notes provide information relevant to a patient’s overall medical status. The notes can primarily help you keep a record of your observations about patients. As a part of your work, there is a need to include in your notes the behaviors and activities of your patient – both unusual and usual – as observed.
The information provided by your notes can help you monitor any changes in a patient’s behavior and condition over a specific period of time. This consequently, can help you determine what causes these changes.
You may also use a blank note as a reminder to yourself, another nurse or some other medical professional attending to the condition of the patient. This avoids confusing the conditions of the patients in the hospital.
Nurses Notes Templates
What to include?
Nursing note samples contain pages with lines and a title that says, “Progress Notes” or “Nursing Notes.” But there is a lot more to these notes. For one, you should consider the pages as legal documents and as such, they carry some degree of significance. This document includes the following:
- The time and date
- The name of the patient
- Your name as the attending nurse
- The reason for the patient’s visit
- The patient’s appearance
- The vital signs of the patient
- Your initial assessment of the patient
- Any diagnostics or labs requested
- An evaluation of any medical interventions conducted
- Any significant instructions given
- Any family interactions that the patient had
- Observations and recommendations
- Anything unusual that you have observed
The most important information to document
As a nurse, you can discern in your observations what you must write down in your nursing note samples. This is a very important aspect of the use of the notes. But more important is to understand who you’re writing for, as well as, when and why you need to write them.
There is, therefore, a need to understand the basics of skilled nursing documentation templates. There are three issues that you must address each time you write these notes:
You should describe what’s going on with your patient. Describe the patient’s condition. Include what you see, hear, smell, felt, and so on. Also, include the remarks of the doctor if deemed necessary. - Action
Describe the actions that you or the doctor have taken in response to the patient’s condition. Typically, this may include giving medication, ensuring the patient’s safety, and the like. - Response
Give a description of how the patient responded to the actions taken. This determines whether the patient improves because of your actions or your actions have no effect and you need to try something else.
Nursing Notes Examples
How do you write a nursing note?
Nursing notes are health or medical records written by a nurse. Most nurses notes templates include the following:
- Accurate nursing assessments or documentation
- Observed changes in the condition of a patient
- Care or treatment given to the patient
- Other relevant information to support the clinical team
If you want to make the most effective notes, consider these tips taken from the best nursing progress notes examples:
- Maintain consistency
The record starts with the ID information of the patient. Each entry should include the complete name of the patient, the time, and the date. - Write down timely information
You should write down your notes within 24 hours of supervising your patient. This means that you should have already accomplished the notes for the next nurse who will work the next shift. - Use legible handwriting
It is important that the notes should be both neatly and clearly written. Take your time when writing down your notes. - Opt for simplicity
Only write relevant information about the patient. These notes are supposedly designed for quick reading so avoid writing down lengthy details. - Document all of your communications
Remember to note down everything significant concerning the health of the patient. Every conversation you have with the doctors, family members, and any other medical professional you come in contact with. - Avoid using abbreviations
Write down everything in full. Abbreviations might mean different things to different people and this might lead to miscommunications. - Write as you go
As a nurse, it is your responsibility to complete all of your notes as soon as possible. This means that you shouldn’t leave your notes until the end of your shift. | <urn:uuid:76163a75-d8e1-48b7-8fb4-b6a1875f9f94> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://templatearchive.com/nursing-notes/ | 2024-10-13T20:31:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.9414 | 1,314 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Europeans are buying more efficient cars, according to the latest provisional figures published by the European Environment Agency, writes Caelia Quinault.
Carbon dioxide emissions from new cars in Europe fell by 3% in 2011, according to provisional figures released this week (June 20).
According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), there were 12.8 million new cars registered in the EU in 2011, producing an average of 135.7 grams CO2 per kilometre. This is 4.6g CO2/km less than in 2010 — a reduction of 3.3 %.
A combination of changes in buying behaviour, improved technology and engine efficiency is thought to be responsible for the reduction.
The data was hailed by climate action commissioner Connie Hedegaard as evidence of ‘steady progress’ in CO2 reducing emissions from new cars.
She said: “Europe’s car manufacturers are delivering towards the 2015 CO2 targets. These data confirm that there’s steady progress in improving fuel efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions from new cars. This is a good sign for the capacity of Europe’s car industry to innovate and thus maintain global competitiveness while making their products more efficient.”
In the EU, CO2 emissions from road transport have increased by 23 % since 1990, and are now responsible for approximately one fifth of the EU’s total emissions.
In order to cut greenhouse gas emissions from transport, carmakers have a collective target for the average car sold in the EU to emit a maximum of 130g CO2/km by 2015 and 95g CO2/km by 2020. 2011 is the last year before the CO2 targets start to be phased in from 2012.
The EEA collects Member States’ data on passenger cars registrations, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, and collates them in a database which covers 99.95% of total registrations.
Data collected includes information on CO2 emissions and the mass of the vehicles.
According to Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, Member States must annually submit information to the Commission for each new passenger car registered on their territory. Five Member States were late in submitting their 2011 data. A small number of Member States also have data quality issues that need to be addressed for next year’s data monitoring exercise. The EEA has however noted clear improvements in data submissions for a number of Member States.
The latest dataset is provisional and will be verified by car manufacturers during a three months period to ensure that targets are set on the basis of correct data. The Commission will confirm the final data later in 2012, taking into account any errors notified by manufacturers. | <urn:uuid:da56de32-a3fc-41ff-85c7-0c49eaa6837f> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://testing.airqualitynews.com/uncategorised/co2-emissions-from-new-cars-drops-by-3/ | 2024-10-13T20:29:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.956645 | 554 | 2.546875 | 3 |
William Shakespeare definitely wouldn’t have taken China into a consideration when he exclaimed, ‘What’s in a name?’ For Chinese revisionism and belligerence, changing geographical and historical names is a matter of State policy. Intrude into foreign territory when no one’s looking, occupy geographical features and give them ‘historical’ Chinese names- this is how Chinese expansionism works.
China is at it yet again. Recently, a Chinese PLA statement indicated that India had entered “Shenpao Shan” area near the Southern bank of Pangong Tso. This was the first time that China actually used “Shenpao Shan” for the geographical feature instead of “Heiding”, which means “Blacktop” and recognises Indian sovereignty over the mountain.
Therefore, when the PLA started claiming that India had crossed into “Shenpao Shan”, the strategic experts were left befuddled because they couldn’t understand what China meant. However, now it has become clear that by using “Shenpao Shan” that translates into “Vulcan Mountain”, China was trying to claim sovereignty over Blacktop.
But then China’s name-changing tactics in Ladakh aren’t really surprising. The blacktop is still just a geographical feature; Beijing can go as far as changing the names of entire countries, after occupying them. Therefore, in the 1950s and 1960s, Tibet became Xizang (Western Tsang) and East Turkestan became Xinjiang (New Frontier).
India itself is a victim of Chinese revisionism and geographical name-changing. Take for instance China occupied Ladakh. The Chinese PLA illegally occupies a part of Ladakh since the 1962 Sino-India war. Interestingly, Beijing calls this occupied territory- Aksai China that translates into “Chin’s desert of white stones. The nomenclature, of course, militates against factual realities. Ladakh was separated from China by independent countries of Tibet and East Turkestan, and therefore ‘Aksai Chin’ couldn’t have historically existed.
On the Eastern side of the Line of Actual Control (LAC) — the de facto Indo-Tibetan border, Beijing calls India’s Arunachal Pradesh ‘South Tibet’. In 2017, China unilaterally renamed six places in Arunachal Pradesh, as a retaliatory move after the Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama visited the Indian state.
Within China also, there is a tendency to patronise the Chinese language over native languages. Therefore, the name of Xinjiang’s Capital was changed from Dihua to Urumqi in 1954. Zhenxi in Xinjiang was also changed to Barkol as a part of Han Chinese domination and imposition of Chinese culture over Xinjiang’s Uyghur demographic profile.
On its other fronts also, China follows similar name-changing policies. Take the Russian Far East, for example. Recently, Chinese diplomats and State-run media started claiming sovereignty over the Russian Far East city of Vladivostok. China once again tried to impose a traditional Chinese name over the Russian city.
Hu Xijin, the editor-in-chief of Global Times, a CCP mouthpiece that serves as an extended arm of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, refused to refer to Vladivostok as “Tongzhi Dongfang” or “Ruler of the East”, which is the meaning of its Russian name and chose to call it by the Chinese pseudonym- Haishenwei.
In fact, one will find that every single territory disputed by Beijing has a different Chinese name. Very often, Chinese propaganda tries to popularise Beijing’s nomenclature and overwhelm the traditional/ native names, a case in point being Japan’s Senkaku Islands chain.
Japan had purchased the Senkaku Islands from a private owner in 2012, but China still claims sovereignty over it. Beijing calls the Island chain as ‘Diaoyu Islands’ and claims sovereignty over them.
If you think, China only renames mountains and cities, you are grossly mistaken. Chinese revisionism in islands and reefs is no less visible than that in mountains and cities. Recently, China unilaterally renamed 80 islands and other geographical features in the South China Sea in a bid to assert sovereignty over these features.
The word ‘South China Sea’ itself is a misnomer. There is no historic name like the South China Sea, and for other claimants in the region, this Sea can assume different names. Vietnam, for example, calls it the East Sea. The world has given China a long rope by accepting the term the South China Sea. And if the location of the Sea is the real determinant, other names like Southeast Asia Sea could be a more accurate description.
How long before the fringe movement to rename the South China Sea the Southeast Asia Sea gathers more steam?
— Dhruva Jaishankar · ध्रुव जयशंकर (@d_jaishankar) August 26, 2020
China has an in-built ability to suddenly change geographical/ historical names to build a case for ownership of territories that don’t even have a Chinese connection. To call the Kala Top Shenpao Shan is again a glaring example of how Chinese expansionism and revisionism work. | <urn:uuid:11c38f1b-8735-4b8b-9d77-94ac841027ff> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://tfiglobalnews.com/2020/09/10/kala-top-is-shenpao-shan-now-chinas-history-of-changing-names-of-regions-to-assert-their-claim-continues/ | 2024-10-13T19:25:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.926922 | 1,152 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Introduction to Lion’s Mane
The lion, also known as the king of the jungle, is a majestic and iconic animal that inhabits the grasslands, savannas, and deserts of Africa. One of the most distinguishing features of lions, especially male lions, is their impressive mane. The lion’s mane is a thick growth of hair that surrounds the neck and head of the animal, and it has captivated the imagination of humans for centuries. But why do lions have manes? This is a question that has puzzled biologists and researchers for years, and the answer may surprise you.
The Purpose of a Lion’s Mane
The lion’s mane serves several important purposes, including protection against predators, climate adaptation, social significance, and female preference for males with a mane. Each of these factors plays a crucial role in the evolution and survival of the lion species.
Protection Against Predators
One of the primary functions of a lion’s mane is protection against predators. The mane serves as a deterrent to other animals that may try to attack the lion’s neck or throat, which are vulnerable areas. The thick, bushy mane makes it more difficult for predators to inflict fatal injuries, and it also makes the lion appear larger and more intimidating, which can discourage potential attackers.
Another reason why lions have manes is climate adaptation. The mane helps regulate the lion’s body temperature in hot and cold weather. During the cooler months, the mane provides insulation and warmth, while in the hotter months, it acts as a cooling mechanism by allowing air to circulate around the lion’s neck and head.
In addition to its practical functions, the lion’s mane also has social significance. The mane is a visual cue that indicates the lion’s status and dominance within its social group. Male lions with larger and more impressive manes are seen as more dominant and attractive to females, and they are more likely to be chosen as mating partners.
Female Preference for Males with Mane
Female lions have been observed to prefer males with a larger and more impressive mane. This preference is thought to be related to the mane’s role in social dominance and protection. Males with a mane are perceived as more powerful and better able to protect their pride and offspring, which makes them more attractive to females.
The Role of Testosterone
The development and growth of a lion’s mane are also influenced by hormones, particularly testosterone. Males with higher levels of testosterone tend to have larger and thicker manes, which is why the mane is often used as an indicator of male health and virility.
Mane Color and Health Indicators
The color and condition of a lion’s mane can also provide important health indicators. A darker and fuller mane is often associated with better health and higher testosterone levels, while a lighter or patchy mane may indicate poor health or hormonal imbalances.
The evolution of the lion’s mane is a fascinating topic that has been the subject of much research and speculation. Some theories suggest that the mane evolved as a way to attract females or intimidate rivals, while others argue that it developed as a means of protection against predators or as a way to regulate body temperature.
Conclusion and Future Research
In conclusion, the lion’s mane serves many important functions, from protection against predators to social dominance and attraction to mates. Understanding the factors that influence the development and growth of the mane can provide valuable insights into the evolution and survival of the lion species. Future research may explore the role of genetics, environmental factors, and other influences on the development and growth of the lion’s mane. | <urn:uuid:02def196-dc6a-4bed-ba11-0678f5c2361c> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://thedogman.net/why-do-lions-have-a-mane/ | 2024-10-13T20:55:06Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.957124 | 773 | 3.78125 | 4 |
Living in the wild, uncontacted, strictly hunter-gatherer, the jungle is their ‘Home’, indigenous and secluded tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands – the Great Andamanese, Onge, Jangil, the Sentinelese, and Jarawa Tribe, are believed to have lived in substantial isolation for thousands of years, did not practice cultivation yet self-sufficient.
They have got expertise in hunting & lived by hunting pigs, turtles, fishes, crabs by using weapons like bow, arrows, wooden harpoons, they also gather tropical fruits, wild roots, and honey, therefore we call them as ‘Hunter-Gatherer’. This tropical rain forest is rich with a diversity of animal life and reason for their survival for many years.
But the sad part is, that they were largely wiped out by diseases, violence, and loss of territory following contact with outsiders, being vulnerable to outside diseases to which they have little or no immunity.
Few hundreds of Andamanese remain, with the Jangil tribe being extinct. Only the Jarawa tribe and the Sentinelese tribe maintain steadfast independence, refusing most attempts at contact by outsiders.
Table of Contents
ToggleWhich part of Andaman and Nicobar Islands are reserved for Tribes?
Andaman & Nicobar is a union territory of India comprising 572 islands out of which only 37 are inhabited and some of them, the interior and south-central of Rutland Island, central interior and south interior of South Andaman Island, west coast of Middle Andaman Island and North Sentinel Island are restricted islands, reserved for aboriginal tribes, where entry of the tourists are abstained & violation of such restriction is criminal offense and punishable act.
Why Restrictions? There are some serious reasons behind it, you will come to know after reading this article till the end. Before that, let’s dig into the lifestyle, culture & historical background of these 5 mystical tribes, who are they? Where do they come from? How do they live?
The Tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands:
1) Great Andamanese Tribe:
They are native people of the Great Andaman archipelago in Andaman Island, but now living on Strait Island. In 2010, their population is believed to be 52 in numbers and most likely to diminish.
2) Onge Tribe:
3) Jangil Tribe:
4) Sentinelese Tribe:
They are North Sentinel islanders in the Bay of Bengal, believed to be one of the world’s last uncontacted peoples, as they seem to have unswervingly refused any communication with the outside world.
The most dangerous part is that they have a reputation for killing people who try to contact them or approach their island for good or bad reasons.
From investigations, it is learned that they are still living in the Stone Age, hunting earthly wildlife and using simple, old methods to catch seafood and knowledge of making fire. The population of Sentinelese is indeterminate ranging between 50-200 individuals.
There is no direct connection to the North Sentinel islands, which are located 50 km west of the capital Port Blair. There were some past events, where some civilized people were fascinated to see the tribal community, made illegal attempts to contact Sentinelese, and ended up losing lives.
The government cannot punish Sentinelese people for killings, as they are living in their ancestral land and just being protective, in fact, outsiders are breaking rules. You may read many stories and facts online.
For the conservation of the tribe, the Government of India strictly banned wandering near North Sentinel Island & also provided armed patrolling to prevent interruptions by outsiders.
5) Jarawa Tribe:
The ancestors of the Jarawa tribe are believed to have been part of the first successful human migrations out of Africa and are the only remaining Negrito remnants of the Andaman Islands out of four, currently have a population of around 270 remaining.
Jarawa tribe people inhabit the interior and south-central of Rutland Island, the central interior and south interior of South Andaman Island, and the west coast of Middle Andaman Island.
The spoken language of the Jarawa tribe is the Ongan language. Like other tribes, they are also known as rigid protectors of their territory and traditional hunters. It is said that; they have gained detailed knowledge of plants and animal species.
Threats for Jarawa Tribe:
Jarawa tribe has been treated so badly, was facing danger from other Andaman islanders & poachers like-
- Started to enter their rich forest reserve to harass the tribe and introduced them to alcohol and drugs
- Sexually abusing Jarawa women
- Steal animals, which are the lone source of their food
- Introducing outside diseases, for which Jarawa has no natural immunity
- Taking photographs, treat them like safari animals & disturb their privacy
Act for Survival of Jarawa Tribe:
The major threat is a highway, Andaman Trunk Road (ATR), which passes through Jarawa reserves of dense forests, and brings daily human safaris & many tourists go by bus from Port Blair city to visit Baratang island to see limestone caves and mud volcanoes, runs through their territory, where tourists can’t resist themselves taking photograph & filming members of the Jarawa tribe along the road, which threatened them badly.
Anthropologists and human rights groups have been concerned about the effect on the tribe’s contact with outsiders.
To protect the Jarawa tribe from the prying gaze of tourists, the Supreme Court banned the safaris & encouraged them to take the sea route which is a more convenient and affordable way to go to Baratang island. Ferry boats from Port Blair are easily available & you can buy tickets from any shipping service.
Jarawa people are happy in their own natural habitat, living on their ancestral lands without disturbing the civilization, so why would we disturb them, right?
We asked for your kind support, which is vital for the Jarawa’s survival to stop the ‘human safaris’ threatening the Jarawa. Being an educated and responsible citizen, we should respect their existence and privacy. See the actual photos and read more about Jarawa Tribe here.
Let’s preserve the rich culture and ancestral history of Andaman & Nicobar Island and must not disturb their Home called the Jungle!
You may also like to read: Top 5 offbeat Places in Andaman and Nicobar Islands | <urn:uuid:58cbf384-03c6-4a7e-880c-f060df1f2e68> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://theworldtripping.com/tribes-of-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-jarawa-tribe/ | 2024-10-13T19:31:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.961052 | 1,333 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Supporter of President of Brazil Jair Bosonaro holds large boxes of Ivermectin at Esplanada dos Ministrios, May 15, 2021 in Brasilia. Andressa Anholete/Getty Images
Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic drug that is commonly prescribed in Brazil.
Brazilians believed that ivermectin could also be used to treat COVID-19 early in the pandemic.
One ICU doctor stated that "We Brazilians had learnt the hard way that ivermectin did not work."
Check out more stories from Insider's business page.
Brazilians used to spend $30 per head for what they called the "kit CoviD."
It contained vitamins and other pills, which President Jair Bolsonaro referred to as early treatment for COVID-19. This was well before vaccines were widely available to reduce and prevent coronavirus infections.
The antiparasitic tablets ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine were two of the "kit" drugs.
Brazilian authorities launched an app called TrateCov ("TreatCov[id]") in English), which recommended the same seven drugs to all users. (The evidence for this protocol was heavily based on data from Dr. Flvio Caegiani, an American-based propaganda machine for ivermectin.
Brazilians soon discovered, through their own heartbreaking personal experiences, the limitations of COVID-19 treatment with ivermectin. Brazil experienced some of the worst deaths in its history in the late 2020s and early 2021, even though it was heavily ivermectin-dosed. The more transmissible variant P1 spread quickly throughout the country.
"Look at Brazil," Natlia Taschner (a Brazilian microbiologist, researcher scholar at Columbia University in New York City), said. Then, ask yourself: If this drug worked, would Brazil still be in such dire straits?
Ivermectin was used in entire cities - it did not work
On November 21, 2020, a COVID-19 cemetery was established in Manaus, Brazil. Michael Dantas/AFP via Getty Images
Brazil's ivermectin strategy was so popular that whole towns used it. Ivermectin can be purchased in most pharmacies throughout the country and is very affordable.
Ivermectin became free for all Itajai residents in July 2020. This was to the tune $826,000 USD in government spending. Volnei Morastoni the Mayor of Itajai said that ivermectin was just "one more weapon" in our fight against coronavirus.
Continue the story
Infection rates rose rapidly and some people began taking too much medicine daily in an attempt to prevent COVID-19. However, liver failure can occur in rare cases.
Some patients died after being unknowingly given "kit" drugs by private hospital doctors.
Dr. Kevan Akrami, an infectious diseases and critical care physician in Salvador's northeastern city, stated that "the [ivermectin] prescribing practices didn’t upend the tragedy in COVID here, Brazil in terms of preventing infection, preventing hospitalizations and then preventing death." "Whether someone was taking it or not did not seem to impact whether they were hospitalized or died from COVID.
Researchers suspect that COVID deaths could have been caused by other factors, such as the fact that some people assumed they were immune to infection from ivermectin and discarded their masks.
Taschner stated that there was a political motivation behind it to make people feel secure so they could continue their normal lives.
Manaus' hospitals ran out of oxygen in January as it had one of the highest mortality rates in the country.
"I have seen many patients who were on ivermectin, and they are still in the ICU."
ICU Dr. Ana Carolina Antonio working in Porto Alegre (Brazil), July 2021. Photo by Ana Antonio.
Dr. Ana Carolina Antonio works in a Porto Alegre government hospital, Brazil. She told Insider that many of her ICU patients used ivermectin to treat their symptoms. Some were trying to prevent COVID-19.
Their strategy did not work.
Antonio said that she had estimated that about 70% of the ICU patients admitted to her hospital during the deadly second wave of ICU deaths (in late 2020/early 2021) had been given ivermectin. She also regretted that "most of those patients have already died."
Half of her critically ill patients died. 80% of ventilated patients did not make it, regardless if they had tried ivermectin.
She described the pain of the situation as "indescribable."
She said, "I have never seen so many young, healthy patients die." "I've already seen many patients who were on ivermectin, and are still in the ICU for COVID-19."
Antonio told the wives of patients that Antonio was "my husband's old" and had "children like mine" to tell them their spouse was dead.
She was worried about her family getting sick. Her husband, who wasn't a healthcare worker at the time, was also concerned. She said that he is now vaccinated.
Brazilians want vaccines and not more ivermectin.
Brazilians protest against Jair Bolsonaro their president. They demand vaccines and call attention to more than 200 people who were killed by coronavirus in Brazil on January 8, 2021. (The death toll from COVID-19 is currently at 600,000. Sergio Lima/AFP via Getty Images
In the time that has passed, attitudes about ivermectin changed quickly.
Akrami stated that "in the absence of evidence we'll try certain items." "But at this stage in the pandemic we don't really have any reason for prescribing ineffective medicines for treatment or prophylaxis."
The government is now removing the "kit", which was once widely prescribed and self-dosed in Cuiaba (Macap), Natal, Manaus, and Natal. Brazil now has a new health minister, a cardiologist who took over from a general in the military. Vaccines are available more widely.
Antonio spoke of the time since vaccinations were introduced. Antonio stated that there has been a significant decrease in hospital admissions and cases. Brazilians had to discover that ivermectin wasn't working in the most difficult way possible.
According to a poll conducted in May 2021, more than 9 out 10 Brazilians claim they have been vaccinated or plan to get them.
Akrami stated that "Across political divides most people are still being rational and saying, ‘I should get vaccinated for my own protection,’" Akrami added. "It's a proud tradition to get vaccinated in this country. It's almost like a civic duty.
Itajai Mayor Morastoni has a Facebook page that is filled with information about how to get vaccinated and celebrations of milestones in vaccines. Since January, when ivermectin was first administered to city health workers, he hasn't mentioned it once.
Taschner stated that "people are tired of all the lies and manipulation and the promotion miracle cures that don't work."
Although it is possible that ivermectin may one day play some role in COVID-19 treatment efforts, it doesn't look very promising.
On January 17, 2021, Indigenous Kaimbe, Vanusa Costa Santos was inoculated at a hospital near Sao Paulo (Brazil) with the CoronaVac Sinovac Biotech COVID-19 vaccination. Nelson Almeida/AFP via Getty Images
Major health agencies, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), have not yet decided whether ivermectin is effective in treating or preventing COVID-19.
There are more conclusive studies in the pipeline, but the most recent rigorous research on ivermectin and COVID-19 does not look promising.
New protocols have been issued by the Brazilian government for COVID-19 treatment. They recommend that hospitalized patients not use ivermectin because there's no evidence to support it.
Antonio stated, "It might seem interesting," referring to studies that showed that ivermectin could kill COVID-19, in a petri dish. "But in humans, there are many complex pathways competing for the virus."
It is possible that the antiparasitic may be used with other drugs in combination to treat COVID. This could help speed up recovery in the initial stages.
However, other treatment options such as Merck's new drug appear to be far more promising in human trials.
Note, UK and US are not the same thing
Ivermectin can be used to treat both animals and humans. It is used mainly for deworming. AP Photo/Mike Stewart, AP Photo/Ted Warren
Antonio stated that it was "to my surprise" that many countries, including the UK and US, are now "becoming insane for" ivermectin. According to August data from CDC, weekly prescriptions for the drug have risen more than 2,300% in the US since the pandemic.
She said, "I thought it was Brazilian stuff."
It's tempting, when fear and frustration are rife, to place one's faith on a simple pill or kit that will end all suffering.
Akrami stated that they are not snake oil salesmen anymore.
Instead, rigorous research is used to determine which treatments are effective in improving a patient's condition.
"What's the harm?" Taschner asked. "What's the harm?" is the most common argument for unproven treatments such as ivermectin, Taschner stated. It gives people false security. They feel secure even though they aren't. This makes people turn away from the only thing that can make them feel safe: vaccination.
She advised, "Take a hard, objective look at Brazil realistically" and then draw your own conclusions.
Business Insider has the original article. | <urn:uuid:97435189-7171-41f0-9232-1ff01284678c> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://trueviralnews.com/49866-brazils-tragic-ivermectin-frenzy-is-a-warning-to-the-us-experts-say.html | 2024-10-13T20:45:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.980139 | 2,147 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Sailors of the past navigated by the stars, and pilots of tomorrow will look inward for guidance. Way inward. To atoms.
Aviation is testing quantum navigation – using atoms to detect rotation and acceleration – as a substitute for GPS. Not only is it precise, but also it can’t be blocked, jammed or spoofed by an adversary.
The world’s first test using quantum sensors instead of GPS to produce real-time navigation data on an airplane happened this summer. | <urn:uuid:da5e7a4d-28df-4003-a9b4-edb0ba4bbdda> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://watchusfly.com/a-quantum-leap-for-aviation/ | 2024-10-13T21:17:06Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.870931 | 102 | 2.578125 | 3 |
As part of Wessex Community Asset’s work to develop the bioregional economy in SW England, we held a workshop on hemp fibre with 30 participants at our workspace in West Dorset. The process begins with separating (“decorticating”) the outer bast fibre from the woody core (the shiv), either manually with a hemp break or with our Hurdmaster decortication machine. The fibre is then cleaned (“scutched” and “heckled”) by dragging bundles through combs of different sizes – we used clusters of nails for the initial stages and then down to fine combs. At this point, the fibre can be spun, and Ellen Simon from Tamarisk Farm joined us to show people how to do this. Finally, Alexandra Carr from the University of Plymouth had made small looms in the digital fabrication lab, using a laser cutter on thin plywood, and encouraged participants to have a go at weaving. Everyone seemed to really enjoy the morning, and by the end the thick stems of hemp straw had been turned into beautiful gold thread. Read on for our thoughts on the implications for developing a bioregional textile economy.
There is a growing interest in the use of locally grown “bioregional” materials in the making of textiles. However, at the moment, many of the initiatives are operating at the craft or artisanal level, so there is less incentive for farmers to grow regenerative crops such as hemp or flax, and there is a challenge in financing appropriate processing facilities as the potential markets are undeveloped.
In the US, there is a growing “fibreshed” movement (https://fibershed.org/), which aims to support the development of bioregional fibre production – for textiles but also for other uses such as natural fibre insulation. Fibreshed groups are also developing in the UK (https://www.southwestenglandfibreshed.co.uk/ ). However, any attempt to develop a bioregional fibreshed must face up to a current situation that is hundreds of years in the making – from the forced enclosures that underpinned the production of wool and displaced rural dwellers to new factories in industrial cities, to the waves of de-industrialisation and globalisation in the twentieth century that shifted production to the Indian sub-continent and the Far East.
However, we now know that the textile and associated fashion industry is responsible for around 10% of global carbon dioxide emissions; it uses nearly 80 trillion litres of water annually; only 1% of garments are recycled; and waste from textile treatment and dyeing is responsible for 20% of industrial water pollution. 90% of the world’s clothing is produced in low- and middle-income countries. The average monthly wage of a worker in the global garment industry is €50, and 75% of global garment workers are women. See https://textileexchange.org/ for more information.
The fashion and textile industry in England, Wales and Scotland employs 500,000 people, made up of 88,000 employed in manufacturing, 62,000 in wholesale, and 413,000 in retail. 4,200 businesses are manufacturing textiles in the UK. UK households bought £57 billion worth of clothing in 2022. The UK imported £21 billion of clothes in 2022, along with £6.3 billion of textile fabric and £545 million of textile fibre. These are wholesale prices, which means that imports make up the majority of clothes sold in the UK.
So the question is, how might this reliance on the global fashion market be reduced, and what would be the potential benefits? One person who addressed this issue was the economist Jane Jacobs, who developed the concept of import substituting cities. Jacobs argued that the economies of cities thrived where a complex network of organisations and enterprises was able to substitute imports for goods and services produced in that settlement. Jacobs saw the rural hinterland as a supplier of raw materials – and young people – into the cities, but felt that smaller towns would not be able to emulate this import substitution strategy.
However, our experience at Wessex Community Assets does not support this sharp dichotomy between potentially vibrant cities and dependent rural hinterlands. Wessex has supported local communities in smaller towns and villages to develop local food networks, local energy systems, employment and training workspace as well as community housing initiatives for young families, thus helping to build resilient local economies in the more rural areas of the southwest.
In addition, we have been working with a range of partners to develop the production of natural materials produced and processed locally. Initially focused on timber and hemp for construction, we have also begun exploring the potential for local farmers to grow crops such as hemp and flax, which could be used to make textiles. This could boost the local economy and create local infrastructure and employment. However, in an acknowledgement of Jane Jacobs arguments about the importance of cities, it is recognised that the markets for these products cannot just be in Bridport, or even across Dorset, but that links to potential markets in cities across the South West will be essential. Moreover, it is also recognised that the expertise and experience required to develop these products will not all be found locally. So while there is a need to develop “small and local” approaches in a rural context, Wessex is also committed to being “open and connected” to larger urban areas in the southwest and beyond. Tim Crabtree | <urn:uuid:27411330-2be3-4b50-abec-929c0b01d091> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://wessexca.co.uk/2023/11/22/spinning-straw-into-gold/ | 2024-10-13T20:59:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.956971 | 1,132 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Meaning: Mentha Herb
Mint is a name of Latin origin that is often associated with the herb of the same name, known for its refreshing aroma and taste. This gender-neutral name has a unique and natural charm, making it a popular choice for parents seeking a name that is both classic and modern. The name Mint carries a sense of freshness and vitality, evoking images of lush greenery and the coolness of a minty breeze.
Whether you have a love for gardening or simply appreciate the beauty of nature, the name Mint is a delightful choice that reflects a connection to the natural world. Embrace the soothing essence of this name and bring a touch of herbal elegance to your child’s identity with the name Mint.
Detailed explanation of the meaning
Mint is a name of Latin origin that is associated with the herb known as Mentha. The herb mint has a long history of traditional use for its healing properties and refreshing aroma. Mentha herb is known for its cooling effect and is widely used in culinary and medicinal applications.
The name Mint signifies freshness, vitality, and purity. It is often used symbolically to represent clarity of thought, renewal, and rejuvenation. The herb itself is known for its invigorating scent that can awaken the senses and uplift the spirit.
Choosing the name Mint for a person can reflect a desire for a name that is unique and refreshing, much like the herb itself. It carries a sense of peacefulness and a connection to nature, making it a fitting choice for those seeking a name with a touch of nature’s beauty.
Variations of the meaning in different cultures or languages
While the name Mint originates from the Latin word for the Mentha herb, its meaning and connotations may vary in different cultures and languages. Here are some variations:
Culture or Language | Variation of Meaning |
English | In English, Mint is associated with freshness, coolness, and purity due to its connection to the herb known for its refreshing aroma and taste. |
Spanish | In Spanish, the term “menta” is used for mint, which is also linked to its refreshing qualities and is often associated with culinary uses. |
Japanese | In Japanese culture, mint may symbolize cleanliness and hygiene, reflecting its properties as a natural deodorizer and aromatic herb. |
The History of the Origin of the Name Mint
The name Mint has a fascinating history that dates back to ancient times. The origin of the name Mint can be traced back to the Latin word “mentha,” which refers to the Mentha herb. The Mentha herb is a genus of plants in the Lamiaceae family, known for its refreshing fragrance and culinary and medicinal uses.
Around 1390, the word “mint” was adopted in Middle English from the Old English “minte,” which in turn came from the Latin “mentha.” The Latin word “mentha” was borrowed from the Greek word “mintha,” as mint was highly regarded in ancient Greek culture for its aroma and healing properties.
In ancient mythology, the origin of the name Mint is associated with a story of the nymph Minthe. According to Greek mythology, Minthe was a beautiful nymph who caught the eye of Hades, the god of the underworld. However, Persephone, Hades’ wife, was jealous and turned Minthe into a plant to prevent her from returning to the surface world. This plant eventually became known as the Mentha herb or mint.
Throughout history, mint has been highly valued for its aroma, flavor, and medicinal properties. It has been used in cooking, beverages, and traditional medicine for centuries. Today, the name Mint continues to evoke images of freshness and vitality, making it a popular choice for both herbs and names.
Etymology of the name: roots and original meaning
Latin: | Mentha (aromatic herb) |
Greek: | Minthe (nymph in Greek mythology) |
Mythology: | Minthe transformed into mint by Persephone |
Geographical distribution and cultural features
Mint is a versatile herb that is widely cultivated and grown in various regions around the world. It is native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. The plant thrives in temperate climates and is known for its refreshing flavor and aroma.
In terms of cultural features, mint has been used in traditional medicine and culinary practices for centuries. It is a popular ingredient in recipes from various cuisines, including Middle Eastern, Asian, and European dishes. The herb is also commonly used in teas, desserts, cocktails, and as a garnish.
Furthermore, mint holds symbolic significance in different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology, mint was associated with the nymph Mentha, who was transformed into a plant by Hades’s jealous wife, Persephone. In some cultures, mint is believed to bring good luck and prosperity.
The Character of the Name Mint
People named Mint are known for their unique personality traits and characteristics. Here are some key aspects of the name Mint:
Intelligence: | Mints are often intelligent individuals who possess a sharp mind and quick wit. |
Creativity: | Individuals with the name Mint are often creative and have a knack for artistic endeavors. |
Adventurous: | Those named Mint tend to be adventurous and enjoy exploring new things and taking risks. |
Compassionate: | Mint-named individuals are often empathetic and compassionate towards others, making them great friends and companions. |
Independent: | People with the name Mint value their independence and autonomy, often preferring to do things their way. |
Overall, the name Mint is associated with a blend of intelligence, creativity, adventure, compassion, and independence, creating a unique and intriguing character.
Numerology and astrological aspects of the name
When it comes to numerology, the name Mint carries the number 7. In numerology, the number 7 is associated with spiritual growth, introspection, and seeking inner truths. People with the name Mint are often deep thinkers and value knowledge and wisdom.
Astrologically, the name Mint is linked to the planet Neptune. Neptune is associated with spirituality, creativity, and intuition. Individuals with this name may possess a strong imagination and a compassionate nature.
Overall, the numerological and astrological aspects of the name Mint suggest that individuals bearing this name may have a deep spiritual connection and a penchant for exploring the mysteries of life.
Traits of character associated with the name
Mint is a name that often conveys a sense of freshness and vitality. Those with this name are often seen as vibrant and dynamic individuals who bring energy and zest to any situation. They are known for their sharp minds and quick wit, able to navigate challenging situations with ease and creativity.
Mints are also associated with qualities of purity and cleanliness. People with this name are often perceived as having a strong sense of ethics and integrity, always striving to do what is right and just. They bring a sense of clarity and freshness to their interactions, making them pleasant and engaging companions.
Furthermore, Mints are often seen as innovative and inventive individuals. They have a knack for coming up with new ideas and solutions, and are not afraid to think outside the box. Their creativity and originality make them stand out in a crowd and contribute fresh perspectives to any team or group they are a part of.
The Name Mint for a Child
Mint is a unique and refreshing name for a child, suitable for both boys and girls. The name Mint derives from the Latin word for the herb Mentha, symbolizing freshness and vitality. Choosing the name Mint for your child can convey a sense of brightness and energy, making it a distinctive choice for parents seeking a non-traditional name. With its botanical connection and gender-neutral quality, Mint is a charming and joyful name that is sure to stand out.
The Characteristics of the Name Mint and Its Influence on Fate
People named Mint are often known for their intelligence, creativity, and strong sense of individuality. They have a unique perspective on life and often think outside of the box. Mints are innovative and enjoy taking risks to achieve their goals.
Individuals with the name Mint are also known for their deep connection to nature and their love for beauty and aesthetics. They appreciate the simple things in life and find joy in the natural world around them.
Despite their creative and free-spirited nature, Mints can also be practical and organized when needed. They are capable of planning and executing tasks efficiently, balancing their creative endeavors with a sense of responsibility.
With their strong sense of self and determination, people with the name Mint are often successful in their pursuits. They have a strong drive to achieve their goals and are willing to put in the hard work necessary to make their dreams a reality.
In terms of fate, individuals named Mint are believed to have a bright future ahead of them. Their unique talents and creativity will help them overcome any obstacles they may face, leading to success and fulfillment in various aspects of life.
Talents, profession, health, love and sexuality, marriage, and family
People with the name Mint often possess great talents and creativity. They have a knack for innovation and thinking outside the box. In terms of profession, individuals named Mint may excel in fields that require originality and unconventional ideas, such as art, design, or technology.
Health | Love and sexuality | Marriage and family |
Those named Mint are usually health-conscious individuals and may have a natural inclination towards maintaining a healthy lifestyle. They are often motivated to take care of their physical and mental well-being. | In matters of love and sexuality, people with the name Mint are passionate and may seek deep connections with their partners. They value intimacy and emotional bonds in relationships. | When it comes to marriage and family, individuals named Mint are devoted and caring partners. They prioritize open communication and mutual support in their relationships. In family life, they are likely to be nurturing and involved parents. |
Popular nicknames or diminutive forms
The Name Mint in Other Languages
If we look at the name “Mint” in other languages, we can see variations that reflect the diverse linguistic landscape around the world:
Spanish: In Spanish, “Mint” is translated as “menta.” The cool and refreshing herb is known as “menta” in Spanish-speaking countries.
French: In French, the name “Mint” is represented as “menthe.” The aroma and flavor of “menthe” is highly regarded in French cuisine.
German: In German, the word for “Mint” is “Minze.” The herb “Minze” is commonly used in teas and desserts in Germany.
Italian: In Italian, “Mint” is called “menta.” The vibrant and aromatic herb “menta” is a staple in Italian cooking.
Japanese: In Japanese, the name “Mint” is written as “ミント” which is pronounced as “minto.” The refreshing taste of “minto” is enjoyed in various Japanese dishes. | <urn:uuid:847696de-1477-4610-a057-71af7e3eef9d> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://wtname.com/mint/ | 2024-10-13T20:28:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.961714 | 2,343 | 2.84375 | 3 |
According to a new national study by the Governor’s Highway Safety Association, motor vehicle traffic has become increasingly dangerous for pedestrians, with the number of pedestrian deaths nationally increasing about 5% per year over the last ten years. While the number of deaths in cars, trucks and motorcycles remains about the same percentages, the total percentage of pedestrians involved in traffic fatalities in 2019 has increased to 17%, which is the highest since 1982 and up from 12% in 2009.
California is famous for its love of cars, but it is increasingly at the expense of pedestrians. The state leads the way with an estimated 519 deaths in 2019 (the official numbers are still not released). This is a 12% increase over the 2018 total of 464 fatalities.
Why are these numbers up?
Safety advocates and experts are alarmed by these statistics and others. According to the report, the reasons for the increase include:
Devices: Distracted driving has reached epidemic proportions since the arrival of the smartphone.
Car design: More and more Americans drive SUVs or other larger cars, which are harder to maneuver, have larger motors for more speed and the size leads to more significant impact during crashes.
Intoxication: Driving while intoxicated remains a stubborn problem, but more pedestrians are also drunk (perhaps choosing to walk rather than drive).
Nighttime numbers up 75%
Safety experts cite road design trends that until recently favored traffic flow over pedestrian safety. Municipalities can improve safety by:
- Implementing high visibility flashing pedestrian crossing in the middle of blocks
- Build pedestrian islands that can provide refuge if a driver does not see the person crossing
- Increased enforcement of speed limits and more DUI checkpoints
- Better lighting of roads
- Safer pedestrian pathways protected from the road
- Better classroom education and campaigns regarding pedestrian safety
Wrongful death suits hold negligent accountable
Just as semi-trucks size makes them dangerous to passenger cars and light trucks, these passenger vehicles can kill pedestrians while causing minor or no injury to the driver and their passengers. However, families of deceased loved ones may be able to hold reckless drivers and municipalities with poorly designed roads accountable for these senseless deaths.
Those with questions about a pedestrian injury can talk to a personal injury attorney who handles wrongful death and severe injury cases involving motor vehicles. | <urn:uuid:618f037a-a746-42c9-b2ba-a28fc8319bda> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.advocatelawfirm.org/blog/2020/07/pedestrian-deaths-up-50-nationally-in-last-decade/ | 2024-10-13T19:24:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.958655 | 466 | 2.625 | 3 |
Competency-based Medical Education: A Fresh Perspective
Corresponding Author: Nandini Chatterjee, Department of Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Phone: +91 8145005804, e-mail: [email protected]
How to cite this article: Chatterjee N. Competency-based Medical Education: A Fresh Perspective. Bengal Physician Journal 2023;10(3):77–78.
Source of support: Nil
Conflict of interest: None
Medical education in India has undergone a sea change with the advent of the new competency-based curriculum. Our knowledge about medical education is expanding with each passing day.
A new curriculum ensures that the content being taught is relevant to the current state of knowledge, technology, and industry trends. The NMC has introduced several newer components to align medical education with international standards and enhance the learning experience. It not only promotes learning but also ensures the meeting of international standards.
There are several key features of the new curriculum that are noteworthy:
Relevance: Previous emphasis on rote memorization of facts and formulas without focusing on practical application has given way to the acquisition of skills and knowledge that are immediately applicable in real-world situations by a problem-solving-based approach. It empowers the students to analyze information, evaluate evidence, and develop innovative solutions. This inculcates critical thinking, and adaptability to practical situations in daily practice.
Flexible timelines: All students do not have the same learning pace, style, and interests. The diverse needs and abilities of students are being looked into at present. The flexibility of the timeline will allow the facilitators to develop more accurate learning timetables specific for learners for longitudinal assessment. The evaluation process has also changed from high-stakes exams and grades to continuous evaluation throughout the course.
Digital literacy: The world is rapidly changing, with advancements in technology, shifts in the job market, and global challenges. The new curriculum prepares students for the future by equipping them with technical skills and basic use of educational software, digital tools, and resources.
Holistic learning: A well-rounded education is provided by training students with life skills, social awareness, emotional intelligence, and ethics. Soft skills like critical thinking, creativity, adaptability, and empathy were often neglected in favor of rote learning of facts and theories. The new curriculum ensures that students are prepared to navigate complex situations when dealing with patients and their relatives and make informed decisions. Incorporation of the AETCOM module and Family Adoption Program can improve attitude, ethics, and communication skills and will alleviate many unintended situations.
Interdisciplinary learning: The old curricula often compartmentalized subjects, teaching them in isolation from one another. This hindered students from understanding the interconnectedness of different fields and how they apply to real-life situations. The most novel inclusion of the new curriculum is the collaboration between different fields of study, helping students connect ideas and approach problems from multiple angles. The vertical and horizontal integration of clinical with basic sciences by having joint symposia on a particular topic gives students a comprehensive knowledge of the subject. Early clinical exposure will help the students to understand the necessity of the foundation of basic sciences.
Lifelong learning: Instead of focusing solely on memorization, self-directed learning is promoted and this is needed to continue learning throughout one’s life. In a world where knowledge is constantly evolving, it is essential to continuously update one’s own knowledge and go beyond the classroom.
In today’s world, it’s crucial for students to understand global issues, cultures, and perspectives and lessons that cultivate global awareness and encourage responsible global citizenship are being incorporated into the syllabus.
Well-being of students: Mental and physical well-being were often sidelined in medical fields leading to stress and burnout among students. The Mentor and Mentee programs and Family adoption programs are two of the very innovative ventures to nurture the psychological health of the students.
Teacher’s training and upliftment: A new curriculum provides opportunities for professional development as educators to adapt new teaching methods and technologies. The concept of feedback still seems to be in the initial phases in the context of medical education in India, but feedback from students is now being encouraged for the overall growth and upgradation of the teachers.
They will no longer be dictatorial and pedantic but act as facilitators for the learning process.
To conclude, today’s education system is more student-centered, adaptable, inclusive, and focused on holistic development. It integrates technology, emphasizing critical thinking and practical skills, fostering collaboration, and promoting lifelong learning.
2. Ferguson PC, Caverzagie KJ, Nousiainen MT, et al. Changing the culture of medical training: An important step toward the implementation of competency-based medical education. Med Teach 2017;39(6):599–602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2017.1315079.
4. Medical Council of India. Competency based undergraduate curriculum for the Indian medical graduate. 2018. Volume 1–3. Available from: https://www.nmc.org.in/information-desk/for-colleges/ug-curriculum/.
ANNOUNCEMENT ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA TRIPURA STATE BRANCH We are proud to announce that the 23rd Annual State Conference of Association of Physicians of India, Tripura State Branch (TAPICON-23) will be held on 13th and 14th January 2024 (Saturday and Sunday) at Agartala, Tripura. Theme: Applied Science in Pursuance of Excellence. For further information please contact: Prof. (Dr) Pradip Bhaumik, National Governing Body Member, API. and Dr Saumen Chaudhuri, Hony, General Secretary, API-TSB. E-mail id: [email protected]@example.com Contact no: 9436120250, 9436120497, 07005649529 |
© The Author(s). 2023 Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and non-commercial reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. | <urn:uuid:92738f08-d428-428b-8ec9-ff0d5f6d1b53> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.apibpj.com/abstractArticleContentBrowse/BPJ/34714/JPJ/fullText | 2024-10-13T19:25:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.919789 | 1,419 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A finch species in Australia is getting help from an unexpected ally: invasive cane toads that have poisoned many of the lizards that attack the birds’ nests.
Cane toads have proven to be an unstoppable scourge as they move west across Australia. Along the way, predators have snacked on the toxic toads and died.
Researchers decided to investigate the toads’ effects on not only the predators, but also the prey that those animals normally eat. The predators studied included three species of monitor lizards and the freshwater crocodile, and the prey species included the crimson finch, Gilbert’s dragon lizard, and common tree snake.
To track the toads’ invasion, the team surveyed 13-kilometer-long stretches of a road near the Ord River in western Australia from 2009-2013. One researcher drove along the road, while two passengers searched for toads using spotlights.
During the same time period, the team looked for the monitor lizards, crocodiles, Gilbert’s dragons, and common tree snakes on the shores of the Ord River and on nearby piers, docks, logs, trees, and other plants. The researchers also studied crimson finch nests in the area from 2011-2013, searching for holes and other signs that the nests had been attacked. And they monitored 12 nests with cameras to find out which predator species were eating the eggs and nestlings.
The cane toads likely invaded the area in 2010-11, the team found. Two monitor lizard species, the Mitchell’s water monitor and Mertens’ water monitor, were hit hard. The numbers of those lizards dropped by 49 and 41 percent, respectively, after the invasion.
The scientists also spotted both monitor lizard species eating finch eggs and nestlings. As those lizards declined, the finches’ fledging success rate rose from 55 to 81 percent, the researchers report.
“[I]nvasive cane toads are causing monitor lizards to lose a foothold on top-down regulation of their prey,” the authors write in Ecology. And other birds could benefit as well. The threatened purple-crowned fairy-wren lives in the Kimberley region, which will likely soon be invaded by toads. About half of the wrens’ nests are usually attacked, but the birds could fare better as the toads poison more predators. — Roberta Kwok | 12 March 2015
Source: Doody, J.S. et al. 2015. Invasive toads shift predator-prey densities in animal communities by removing top predators. Ecology doi: 10.1890/14-1332.1.
Image © GDW.45 | Wikimedia Commons (license)
Source of article: Conservation Magazine | <urn:uuid:48be11c5-60da-482e-a604-98061250ea1f> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.astron.com.au/news/invasive-toads-give-a-boost-to-crimson-finches/ | 2024-10-13T19:32:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.943934 | 574 | 3.25 | 3 |
Psychologist and child behaviourists have long observed that when it comes to friendships, young girls display ‘relational aggression’ far more than their male peers. This is when one person intentionally hurts someone that they have a close relationship with through their words and/or actions. Common examples of this include gossiping, name-calling, exclusion, teasing etc., and most girls will experience at least one, and sometimes all, of these things at some point during their time at school. An article entitled ‘Mean Girl Behaviour: How To Stop Relational Aggression Among Girls’ has attempted to understand what causes such behaviour and why it appears to be more prevalent in young girls than young boys.
As parents to three girls ourselves, we felt that this is an important subject to explore because we know just how common and damaging relational aggression can be. In the short-term it can cause anxiety, fear and upset, and in the long-term it can even lead to depression and low self-esteem. So the impact that it has can be quite profound in that it can cause girls to lose confidence and belief in themselves, which can also make them wary and distrustful of forming relationships in the future.
As well as showing that girls are more likely to use relational aggression in relationships than boys, there is also evidence to suggest that they feel it more acutely when these relationships break down. Girls tend to crave emotional connectivity with other girls and they forge strong and intense relationships as a result, so this may offer some explanation as to why it can be so devastating for them when these relationships end or turn sour. The social groups formed by young girls also tend to be based on a very obvious hierarchy, and so when one girl feels that her position within this hierarchy is being threatened by another they verbally retaliate by lashing out with hurtful words. So the question is, how can we encourage our daughters to behave kindly and respectfully towards others in order to develop healthy and long-lasting friendships?
Here are our top 5 tips for preventing relational aggression in girls and helping our children better cope with such bullying:
- Encourage empathy in your children so that they start to understand the effect that their behaviour has on those around them. A really simple effective way of doing this is to ask your child as often as possible: “How would you feel if you were in that person’s shoes?” or, “How would you feel if someone acted in that way towards you?”.
- Try to become more aware of when your child is using relational aggression. You may notice that they have certain triggers, and when you can identify their triggers you can then focus on redirecting their energies in a more positive way. So for example, rather than give them a verbal telling off, you can initiate a problem-solving session, or if you feel it’s appropriate you could implement logical and/or delayed consequences.
- We may not be aware that we’re being verbally aggressive towards them and we’ll often model giving the wrong example without even realising it. We might say things like “I’m so disappointed in you”, “Why are you so naughty all of the time?” or we may even chastise them with phrases such as “Stop behaving like such a brat!” or “Bad girl!”. By using these phrases, we are inadvertently sending our children the message that it’s ok to treat other people disrespectfully, so they’ll start replicating this behaviour within their own social groups. Therefore, one of the most powerful ways of improving their behaviour is to model showing respect for others ourselves.
- Give your child lots of opportunities to socialise – the more they interact with others, the more confidence they will gain in their social skills.
- Ask them what character traits they think are needed to be a good friend, as this will help your child understand how to develop a strong and long-lasting friendship, or share stories about people who have forged strong friendships with others.
- Teach them that other people’s opinions are only opinions. They should take them as such and stand strong in the face of bullying. A great thing to teach them is to be able to say with confidence: “Thank you for sharing, that is your opinion” and stop interacting with the person who is being unkind, as any answer is likely to just generate retaliation and escalate. Teaching kids how to use assertive language is a great way of empowering them to better cope when people use hurtful words against them. Other examples of assertive language that your child can use in the face of bullying are: “Really? Thanks”, “Are you having a bad day?” or “That’s your opinion and you can keep it!”. It’s also useful to emphasise that people who bully others do so because they are usually feeling hurt, angry and lonely themselves and don’t know how to deal with their strong emotions. | <urn:uuid:7d25687f-0b26-416b-81a9-bbfe74744aa7> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.bestofparenting.com/teaching-girls-to-stand-strong-in-the-face-of-mean-behaviour/ | 2024-10-13T18:43:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.96979 | 1,041 | 3.140625 | 3 |
You will learn:
- Skills to answer questions in exam situations
- Revision techniques
- Oracy (speaking and listening) and the preparation of high quality presentations
- Reading and writing skills that are instrumental in communicating with others confidently, effectively, precisely and appropriately
- Skills in accessing and retrieving information from a wide range of written and dynamic/digital texts
- Skills around variations in language, selecting and adapting speech and writing to different situations, purposes and audiences
- Skills to support progression in terms of employment and further study education
- Verbal reasoning and the ability to think constructively and critically in response to written and digital/dynamic texts
- Proofreading and editing skills
Qualification Gained: Welsh Joint Education Committee GCSE (9-1) in English Language
You will be given an initial assessment to check your starting point and determine your suitability for this course. If you are unsuccessful in securing a place on GCSE English Language due to gaps in knowledge, you may be guided towards enrolling in Functional Skills English. As this is an intensive course, your attendance for 6 hours each week over two days is mandatory and you must complete additional work outside of class time.
Assessment of your progress is throughout the course. However, you will be assessed by two externally marked exams in May/June. It’s important to note that these dates are fixed and set nationally, so they cannot be changed.
A GCSE in English is demanded by many employers and can improve your employability prospects, university opportunities and life in general.
Notice: Fees are currently under review and will be posted as soon as possible. We apologise for any inconvenience.
FE Tuition: £0.00 per academic year
This is representative of the most common fees scenario, but actual fees can vary depending on a number of factors. Please contact us if you need more guidance. | <urn:uuid:df082769-5afb-47d2-94a6-a7f1fdd1bf9a> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.bradfordcollege.ac.uk/courses/level-2-gcse-english-fast-track/ | 2024-10-13T20:57:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.944841 | 382 | 2.53125 | 3 |
New Study Identifies Which Physical Features Are Best Indicators of Down Syndrome in Diverse Populations
Down syndrome study is first in a series for new atlas to diagnose inherited diseases in individuals from diverse populations
Washington, DC – Physical features vary in patients with Down syndrome across diverse populations, according to a large international study published in the January 2017 issue of the American Journal of Medical Genetics. The study, led by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), part of the National Institutes of Health, used an objective digital facial analysis technology developed by the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation at Children’s National Health System to identify the most relevant facial features characteristic in Down syndrome in diverse populations from 12 countries. This NHGRI study is the first to compare and contrast Down syndrome across diverse populations.
This study will be used in the NIH’s Atlas of Human Malformation Syndromes in Diverse Populations, a free resource to help clinicians around the world diagnose birth defects and genetic diseases in people of diverse ancestry, and is the first in a series focused on different genetic syndromes.
“Previous literature mainly focused on Northern European populations, so the intention of this study was to look at Down syndrome characteristics in different ethnic groups to create a more applicable resource that clinicians around the world can utilize,” said Max Muenke, MD, chief and senior investigator in the Medical Genetics Branch at NHGRI. “Recognizing a child’s diagnosis at birth is of immense benefit to patients and their families.” Dr. Muenke added that an earlier diagnosis of Down syndrome allows for appropriate preventive measures for these patients at risk for complications, such as congenital heart disease.
Using the digital facial analysis technology, the investigators were able to identify patients with Down syndrome with 94 percent accuracy. The study further showed that the accuracy of diagnosis increased significantly when the technology was applied to distinct populations. The study also concluded that the number and type of significant digital facial biometrics (measurements and analysis of physiological facial characteristics) vary between ethnic groups, a finding that promises to guide clinicians to more accurately diagnose Down syndrome internationally.
“Our automated facial analysis technology quantifies facial features to identify a variety of genetic conditions in children and adults,” said Marius George Linguraru, DPhil of the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation at Children’s National, who is an investigator in the study. “We were excited to participate in this project that will create unprecedented objective references on genetic syndromes for local clinicians around the world.”
Paul Kruszka, MD, MPH, lead author and staff clinician in NHGRI’s Medical Genetics Branch said, “Physicians have more difficulty identifying patients with genetic syndromes in non-European populations and we are hoping that these types of studies will close this diagnosis gap.”
The next two studies in the series will focus on 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (also called DiGeorge syndrome) and Noonan syndrome and will again utilize the digital facial analysis technology.
NHGRI is one of the 27 institutes and centers at the NIH, an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services. The NHGRI Division of Intramural Research develops and implements technology to understand, diagnose and treat genomic and genetic diseases. Additional information about NHGRI can be found at: http://www.genome.gov.
The Sheikh Zayed Institute is pursuing the goal of making pediatric surgery more precise, less invasive and pain-free. By combining research and clinical work in the areas of imaging, bioengineering, pain medicine, immunology and personalized medicine, the Institute’s physicians and scientists are developing knowledge, tools and procedures that will benefit children globally. Learn more at https://childrensnational.org/innovationinstitute.
Contact: Hani Ukayli at 202-476-4500
About the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov. | <urn:uuid:60fdb1b2-fe96-4733-a6e2-8fe30932f545> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.childrensnational.org/about-us/newsroom/2016/new-study-identifies-which-physical-features-are-best-indicators-of-down-syndrome | 2024-10-13T19:34:44Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.931683 | 910 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Technology is everywhere. In our homes, in our pockets, in our businesses. Digitalization has made the world a smaller place and the benefits that new technology brings are enormous. But, as a modern “classic” saying goes, “with great power, comes great responsibility”. As technology adoption is on the rise, so are cybersecurity threats, such as the more recent botnet attacks.
Want to know which ones they are?
Read on and find out more.
What Is a Botnet Attack?
Before speaking about the recent botnet attacks, let’s have a look at what a botnet and a botnet actually attack are. The word botnet is derived from “robot network”. A botnet represents a large group of malware-infected devices controlled by a single operator. These devices are connected to the internet – and it is via the internet that botnet attacks happen.
These compromised devices are used by cybercriminals to launch attacks that disrupt services and gain unauthorized access to other systems. A botnet attack is a large-scale cybersecurity attack carried out by these devices, which are controlled remotely.
Traditionally, malware replicates itself on a single device or system – infecting one device at a time. Botnets, on the other hand, owe their strength to their large numbers. With botnet attacks, the botnet controller can perform several actions, on several devices, at the same time. This makes botnet attacks more difficult to stop.
4 Types of Botnet Attacks
The world of cybersecurity is rarely simple and straightforward and we know it can be daunting to the untrained. As there are several types of malware out there, so are there several types of botnet attacks. And the complexity of these cyberattacks keeps increasing year after year.
Here are 4 types of recent botnet attacks:
Brute force attacks
As the name suggests, this is an “aggressive” kind of attack, used when the attackers don’t know any of the target’s passwords. This attack method uses rapid repetitive password guessing technology. The malware “attacks” the targeted system with multiple passwords attempts until the right one is found.
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks
A DDoS attack aims at disrupting the normal traffic of a server, service, or network. It does this by sending high amounts of internet traffic that overwhelms the target. On the one hand, this stops real traffic from reaching its destination; on the other hand, it can shut down the whole system.
There have been many recent botnet attacks using this method, which is quite efficient. DDoS attacks use compromised systems (computers or other networked systems like IoT devices) as sources of attack traffic.
Spam & phishing
These attacks involve using spam email with the ultimate goal of phishing confidential information or credentials. They are usually targeted at company employees, who are tricked into sharing login details or other sensitive data. When successful, phishing can help gain access to more devices and grow the botnet.
The term “bricking” is usually used to describe a device that is no longer usable, as it has been damaged beyond repair. Botnet attacks that aim at bricking devices usually happen in several phases. A device is first infected with malware that deletes its contents, which often also removes evidence of the attack. The end goal of a device bricking attack is to stop the device from working.
The Recent Botnet Attacks: Top Trends
According to Imperva’s 2021 Bad Bot Report, bad bot traffic amounted to 25.6% of website traffic in 2020. Less than 60% of traffic was human, while 15.2% of traffic was driven by good bots. If you are a marketer or business owner, you should be aware that at least part of the traffic you are receiving is driven by bots.
Data source: Imperva
The same report has also shown that:
- The industry most hit by bad bots is Telecom & ISPs, with 45.7% of this traffic, followed by Computing & IT at 41.1%; Sports, News, and Business Services have also been highly targeted.
- Moderate and sophisticated bots accounted for 57.1% of bad bot traffic, representing an obvious majority.
- Botnet attacks often target mobile devices – mobile clients accounted for 28.1% percent of bad bot requests.
The Recent Botnet Attacks of 2021
A report on cybercrime from LexisNexis Risk Solutions has shown that the number of botnet attacks has risen abruptly during the first half of 2021, the number growing by 41%. Another report by FortiGuard Labs shares that the percentage of organizations that have detected botnet activity has jumped from 35% to 51% around the same time.
Cybersecurity attacks seem to be getting more common and more complex. Some of these attacks have raised international concern and have reached the mainstream media. The recent botnet attacks of 2021 include several culprits, like:
The rise in recent botnet attacks in the first half of 2021 is partly attributed to the malware Trickbot making a “comeback”. This malware was supposedly taken offline in 2020, but it has been revived bearing new capabilities. It can now scan the UEFI/BIOS firmware of the targeted system for vulnerabilities, making it a powerful and adaptable threat.
Mirai is another botnet threat that has risen in 2021. It is a kind of malware that was discovered back in 2016. Its source code has become freely available in 2016 and it is still an important threat in the digital landscape, as new variants keep appearing.
Its codebase has continued to be used for recent botnet attacks during 2021. Mirai mainly works by targeting IoT devices. It then creates a botnet that uses those devices and launches DDoS attacks against their final targets.
This malware is quite similar to Mirai. It is also used to build a botnet and launch DDoS attacks against its targets. Gafgyt has been known since 2014 and, as in the case of Mirai, its source code has become public in 2015. Recent botnet attacks have been fueled by Gafgyt variants that attack IoT devices.
Meris has been behind some of the biggest DDoS attacks over the summer of 2021. A botnet consisting of an estimated 250,000 malware-infected devices has broken the record for the largest DDoS attack twice during 2021.
The attackers behind the Meris botnet have operated by sending emails to large companies and asking for a ransom payment. If the victims don’t pay, the botnet starts deploying small attacks on the victim’s system. The attacks gradually grow in size to put pressure on the targets.
How to Stay Safe from Botnet Attacks?
The best way to deal with cybersecurity attacks is to prevent them. Recovery from a botnet attack can de difficult and costly. Recent botnet attacks have shown that it’s better to prevent than to cure. Here are some tips on how to keep your system safe:
- Training and education: educate all employees and partners on the risks posed by botnet attacks in general, and phishing in particular.
- New devices: Only add new devices to your network once you’re sure they meet the security standards of your organization.
- Software updates: Make sure your system and device software are always up-to-date; regularly check for software updates.
- Credentials: Change login credentials for all your devices regularly.
- Limit access to your devices: make sure you monitor and restrict access to your organization’s devices; only relevant members of your organization should have access to your system or devices.
But what if you get attacked anyway? Even if you follow all of these steps and manage to keep your organization educated and your system up-to-date, malware is getting more and more sophisticated.
In case of a botnet attack, you should try and regain control over the infected device as soon as possible. You can either try to disable access to the central server (which works as the main resource for the botnet) or to cut off connections to control servers. Scan your system for malware and reinstall software; IoT devices may need a full factory reset to remove malware and to work again. If you are the victim of a botnet attack, you should focus on limiting the damage to your system.
The world of cybersecurity is a complex one and recent botnet attacks have proven that. We cannot expect the number of attacks to drop in 2022. To avoid being a victim, you should take precautionary measures: educate people, monitor and analyze your traffic and your devices, invest in tools that help you protect your assets. | <urn:uuid:92544de7-ae33-4df5-b27b-19cb10218e0c> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.clickguard.com/blog/recent-botnet-attacks-2022/ | 2024-10-13T20:54:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.964458 | 1,806 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES Project) is an industry and government funded research group that investigates and creates new and powerful means of mapping and understanding geological systems using seismic methods. A little like an MRI or CAT scan in medicine, we illuminate the subsurface with a field (in our case a sound field), sense the response of the unknown system to the incident sound, and use those measurements to infer maps of the properties of the system. For us, the maps are of the properties of the rock structures in the top few kilometres of the Earth's subsurface.
The seismic method has been around for a long time, but it is a field that is constantly being updated with new sensing technology, new source technology (that we use to gently shake the Earth), new computer technology with which to do increasingly complicated processing of the data, and, most importantly, new ideas for making better-resolved and more reliable geological subsurface models. The CREWES Project has been in existence for over 30 years now, but every year we create and publish new ideas and new results in our field, and every year we produce highly trained, problem-solving graduates, ready to jump into applied geophysical research careers.
Why do we do this? There a long-standing record of seismic geophysicists producing game-changing technology in the traditional fields of oil and gas exploration and production. The impact of new sensing technology, new geological and reservoir velocity model estimation methods, is still felt every day in those areas - and graduates who help create and apply those methods are produced in our program. However, consider also the next generation of energy in Canada and worldwide - whether involving geothermal, hydrogen, or natural gas; consider the growing mitigation technologies, such as Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage. One is hard put to find any example for which the means to produce reliable, low-cost, and highly-resolved geological subsurface models are not key requirements. The basic and applied science we do at CREWES directly feeds these first-priority 21st century technological demands.
Seismic source helping us monitor CO2 injection at the Containment and Monitoring Institute Field Research Station.
What is our current focus? For us, the possibilities associated with seismic full waveform inversion, as a means of making the most of our seismic data measurements, and understanding them as the consequence of as complete a theory of wave propagation as our computers allow, make this area a big focus. These methods are poised to dramatically increase the number of different rock properties we can estimate, and similarly increase the resolution of the images of the properties we can make. However, we are also driven to make our methods as non-intrusive, and low-cost, as we can. So, investigation of the acquisition and use of fiberoptic seismic data, or DAS, is also a big priority for us at present, alongside other kinds of broadband seismic acquisition. We acquire, process, analyze, and invert DAS data, and create new computer codes and software packages for all of these tasks. Finally, to actually carry out these increasingly complex calculations, and make use of these increasingly high-volume data sets, we place as a major focus geocomputational research, where we determine how to set up high-performance computer environments, and architectures supporting the design and use of machine learning and deep learning networks, to solve these problems of moment.
What can you find on this website? This site contains a very large record and repository of CREWES research, past and present. Technical reports on this site cover basic ideas in applied seismology, old and new, as well as our research results with careful analyses of our new ideas. Free seismic processing, modeling, and inversion software of a large variety of types can be found here. And, learning labs where every new data science approach we can get our hands on are evaluated for use in geoscience applications, and introduced and discussed in training videos and demos. You can also find all of our contact information, and records of our publications, conference proceedings, technical presentations, etc.
Enjoy - and please feel free to contact us if you are interested in more information.
CREWES traces its origin to the year 1988 when Professors Rob Stewart, Don Lawton, and Jim Brown decided that the University-Industry consortium model could work in Canada to fund research and training in exploration seismology. We now have 36 years of history to document the clarity of their vision. Over this period, CREWES has seen the successful completion of 136 Masters degrees and 64 PhD`s. There have been 2121 CREWES research reports, resulting in 967 expanded (4-page) abstracts presented at geophysical conventions.
Don Lawton, Jim Brown, and Rob Stewart | <urn:uuid:f28b5ad1-14f7-4238-b25a-3e5a497d239b> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.crewes.org/About_CREWES/index.php | 2024-10-13T19:23:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.936276 | 987 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Henry Ford (30th 7th 1863 - 7. 4. 1947) - American businessman in the automotive industry. Founder of Ford Motor Company and one of the world's most influential businessmen.
Henry Ford grew up on a farm in Dearbonu in the US state of Michigan, where he was born. Originally, he was to become a farmer, but he drew interest mainly to technology, so more time spent experiments in his workshop. He was especially interested steam mechanisms and myself even one such machine assembled. In Detroit, a locksmith and then joined Westinghouse as a repairman steam engines, which was a profession, thanks to which was employed in the farm parents, helping out where to ride. Meanwhile more and experimented with mechanical drives, just a couple exchanged for gasoline.
In 1891 he joined the TA Edison, where in two years rose to the position of chief engineer.
In Europe, meanwhile, started the era of motorized vehicles as little delay has arrived on the North American continent. It had already made Ford the construction of his first term petrol engine and 4 June 1896 surprised the residents of Detroit's first car of its own production. Three years later he left Edison to with other partners founded the firm Detroit Automobile Company: it did not last long and ended without a single vehicle produced.
Henry Ford will not give up and in 1903 he founded the Ford Motor Company. The automaker initially focused on wealthier clientele. Although the production of expensive cars brought in by the company, Ford was not quite satisfied. At his suggestion factory began producing cheap, but quality cars that became available to the masses.
The huge popularity among Americans reached a particular model T, which was produced between 1908 and 1927. In order to be able to meet demand, had to introduce a number of new elements of production management. On the production efficiency have considerable influence introduction of flow production. Henry Ford is regarded as the man who motorized the America. | <urn:uuid:2e37bc92-16c9-4820-9dc9-207916c984d5> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.czechoslovak-coins.eu/henry-ford-150-vyroci-narozeni-au-b-k--00005213 | 2024-10-13T19:03:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.98198 | 393 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Blood glucose control is one of the most important factors during pregnancy. Tight blood glucose control, helps to ensure the best chance of a successful pregnancy.
Diabetes control is important for people who have diabetes going into their pregnancy as well as people who develop diabetes during their pregnancy (gestational diabetes).
What is gestational diabetes?
It has been reported that on average 2% to 4% of women develop temporary diabetes also known as gestational diabetes.
This happens because they are unable to produce an increased amount of insulin to overcome the resistance levels.
In gestational diabetes there is not normally any show of external symptoms normally recognised as characteristic of the disease for example excessive thirst, tiredness and increased urination.
Blood sugar control during pregnancy
Good blood glucose control reduces the risks of complications developing for the mother and baby.
The target HbA1c for mothers before and during pregnancy is 6.1% (or 43 mmol/mol).
People with diabetes before their pregnancy will be advised to keep excellent control of their blood sugar before and throughout the pregnancy.
The first eight weeks of the pregnancy are a critical period and so it is highly recommended that strong control is achieved prior to becoming pregnant wherever possible.
Mothers who develop gestational diabetes will be treated initially with diet and exercise but may be put onto oral hypoglycaemics (tablets) or insulin injections if blood sugar levels remain high.
To help you to meet the challenging blood glucose targets, you will be expected to test your blood glucose before each meal and 1 hour after eating.
People taking insulin for their diabetes will also need to test before bed each night.
You will have blood tests performed at various intervals during your pregnancy to check your diabetes is under good control.
You should expect to receive a high standard of care from your health team throughout your pregnancy and should have the opportunity to ask any questions you may have about achieving your health targets.
How does diabetes affect the baby?
There have been reports that diabetes during pregnancy brings increased chances of having a bigger babies and birth defects.
Infant mortality and birth defects
There is a slight increase in the risk of infant mortality or birth defects in baby’s of mother with diabetes than without, however preconception care can reduce this risk by ensuring the mother is as healthy as possible before and through out pregnancy
In addition to this if a woman has diabetes before pregnancy, diabetes related complications can worsen; this includes things like hypertensio, kidney disease, nerve damage and retinopathy which is a form of diabetic eye disease.
The baby of a woman with diabetes often produces excess insulin in response to high blood glucose levels within the body of the mother.
In type 1 diabetes no significant extra insulin will be produced by your body so you may see your insulin requirements increased. Your health team should be able to advise with the best way to manage your diabetes.
At birth the baby’s blood glucose levels may be hypoglycemic; the blood glucose level is reduced as a result of the removal of the maternal glucose source.
This is detected by a heel stick blood test and can be restored to a normal level with either oral or intravenous glucose. In addition to this a further glucose tolerance test should be done at the six-week postnatal check in order to establish whether any further treatment needs to be considered.
When a pregnant woman has an abnormally high level of blood glucose, the baby will naturally store excess glucose as body fat. For this reason, the baby will be larger than average upon reaching the gestation date.
This is a condition known as foetal macrosomia
If a woman has gestational diabetes, there have been reports that 50% of these women will go on to develop type 2 diabetes within 10 to 15 years.
Risk factors for developing diabetes during pregnancy
There is an increased risk of diabetes during pregnancy if:
- The woman is overweight
- The woman is a smoker or around smokers more than average
- The woman is older (over 30)
- There is a family history of diabetes
- The woman is from an ethnic minority
- There is previous history of the birth of a large baby (more than 4.5 kg or 10lbs)
There is a routine antenatal test used to measure glucose levels in urine; however it has been noted it is relatively unreliable for diagnosing diabetes.
Therefore blood sugar levels are checked between 26 and 30 weeks of gestation. This is done of two separate occasions using one of two tests, either the fasting glucose test or the random glucose test. In addition to this if there are any abnormal results of these tests or there is a family history of diabetes, or a woman is regarded as obese she will be offered a glucose tolerance test.
Often with gestational diabetes, the woman is advised to take a number of steps to change their diet and exercise habits to ensure the best possible pregnancy.
It is reportedly advisable to increase participation in low-impact activities such as walking, swimming, yoga and pilates. In addition to this it is advisable to eat regular meals watching the amount of fat being eaten, remembering it is controlling the amount of fat not cutting it out of the diet completely.
Also reducing the amount of salt in the diet and ensuring that plenty of fruit and vegetables are included in the diet. | <urn:uuid:b577b892-4291-4f37-8fe0-02c5d2f13531> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes_care/blood-sugar-levels-during-pregnancy.html | 2024-10-13T19:28:08Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.955916 | 1,088 | 3.25 | 3 |
Adults who are attempting to lose weight should stop eating when it’s dark and consume their largest meal(s) earlier in the day if possible, according to a new study.
Earlier this week, we reported that skipping breakfast could benefit type 2 diabetes and may help with weight loss, if followed long-term.
In this new study, researchers from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston explored the evidence for and against eating in the late afternoon or evening.
They have studied the association between daily eating patterns, leanness and the circadian rhythm (light-dark cycle), which influences body weight.
The study tracked the eating habits and sleep times of 110 college students for 30 days to establish whether fasting in accordance with circadian timing had an effect on metabolism.
Pictures of food intake and time of food intake were logged by students through a mobile app, and the sleep-wake timing was monitored with diaries of sleeping habits as well as a wrist motion device worn at all times.
The beginning of the sleep cycle was calculated on the basis of the onset of melatonin release for each student. Melatoni, whose levels start to rise about two hours prior to sleep, influences the sleep-wake cycle by inducing a sleep-promoting effect.
Researchers then looked at the students’ body composition (i.e., fat mass and fat free/muscle mass) and assessed whether how late food was consumed made a difference.
While melatonin onset timing was similar for both lean and nonlean students, those with a higher body fat percentage (8.7 percent higher in women and 10.1 percent higher in men) ate the bulk of their calories one hour closer to melatonin onset.
They also had their last meal at a later time relative to melatonin timing and snacked more as time to sleep approached. Some differences in body fat started to appear with higher calorie intake between 4h before melatonin onset and bed time.
While there is an association between a lean body type and earlier food consumptio, randomized controlled trials (e.g., comparing meal timing of the exact same food close to melatonin onset or when melatonin levels are low) are needed to prove causation.
Overall, this study suggests that we should be vigilant of food intake as time to sleep approaches to limit fat gain.
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Stay up to date with the latest news, research and breakthroughs. | <urn:uuid:0181b5ba-8f52-41c4-9403-d3803b9e9a27> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.diabetes.co.uk/news/2017/sep/avoid-eating-late-in-the-day-to-achieve-a-healthy-weight,-study-recommends-90866103.html | 2024-10-13T19:52:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.967052 | 507 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Treaty with the Delawares
By the time of the Revolutionary War, the Delaware, or Lenape, had been driven west from their original homelands in present-day southeastern New York and eastern Pennsylvania. Led by Chief White Eyes, they used their strategic location between Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh) and British-held Detroit to force treaty concessions from the United States. The Lenape agreed to guide American troops across their land. In return, the United States would allow them to form a territory that could become a 14th state.
White Eyes was murdered while carrying out his part of the treaty, and the Continental Congress never ratified it. None of its promises were ever fulfilled.
Rights: Public Domain, Free of Known Copyright Restrictions. Learn more on our privacy and legal page. | <urn:uuid:272da63a-114b-467a-a949-9f485f45bdb0> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/treaty-delawares | 2024-10-13T19:09:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.97623 | 163 | 4.1875 | 4 |
When we are working with square roots it often makes students panic a bit. They need to remember that is why we have that button on your standard run of the mill calculator. This series of worksheets will provide students with practice solving for variables that are square roots in algebraic expressions. Some sheets will require the conversion of a word problem into an equation. Answers are available for each sheet which you will probably need on this topic.
These worksheets teach the meaning and usage of square roots, and demonstrate how to solve equations and word problems with square roots in them. | <urn:uuid:be5f60b5-30ca-47d3-963c-26035adf5d34> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.easyteacherworksheets.com/math/algebra-equations-squareroots.html | 2024-10-13T19:44:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.961848 | 116 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Lighting has come a long way since the first light bulb amazed the world. First brightening up the darkness in Britain in 1835, the arc light led the way for Thomas Edison’s incandescent bulb. In the 40 plus years between the British arc light and Edison’s first patent in 1879, scientists around the world studied and experimented with improving the filament—the thin wire inside a light bulb that produces light from electricity—and the atmosphere inside the bulb. A bulb’s atmosphere could be an inert gas or a vacuum.
Early experimental light bulbs had very short lifespans, used a lot of energy and were expensive to produce. Edison’s team in Menlo Park, CA finally produced a carbon filament in 1879 that lasted over 14 hours. Continuing to experiment with filament materials, the Edison team finally settled on a bamboo filament that gave light bulbs up 1200 hours of life. The bamboo filament became the standard for the next 10 years. Edison also created a better pump for removing air from the bulb and developed the “Edison screw,” which is still the standard socket fitting for light bulbs.
Once the light bulb was invented, there was no stopping scientists and inventors from forging ahead with improvements and new advancements. To provide the best service possible, the electricians at San Luis Obispo’s Electricraft, Inc. keep on top of advancements in lighting technologies. Over time, these advancements included:
- Street lights, which began appearing in Paris in 1878 and by 1890 the were around 130,000 street lights in cities in the United States.
- The first Christmas tree lights appeared in 1882.
- Neon lights first appeared in 1910 at the Paris Motor Show and continued to gain popularity around the world, reaching an apex in the 1960s.
- Auto headlights began appearing between 1910 and 1915.
- Lasers (Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation), was first built in 1960. Originally developed for scientific use, lasers today are key components in electronics as well as being used for surgical procedures.
- Patented in 1907 by Thomas Edison, fluorescent lighting didn’t gain popularity until the 1930s. Popularity surged again in the 1970s during the oil crises. GE introduced the spiral shaped compact fluorescent light (CFL) in the mid-1970s but they weren’t cheap! One bulb could cost as much as $25. Improvements during the 1990s reduced the cost to less than $2 per bulb.
Today’s lighting technology is forging ahead with the LED, (light emitting diode). Although invented in 1907 the LED began coming into its own in 1962. Today the LED remains one of the leading advancements in lighting technologies, joined in recent years by smart lighting.
Advancements in LED technology
The LED market has grown steadily since the LED was introduced. As a highly efficient technology, LED lighting is changing lighting, especially in the United States. The United States Department of Energy (DOE), reports that the LED “is one of today’s most energy-efficient and rapidly-developing lighting technologies.
According to the DOE report, residential Energy Star rated LEDs use 75-percent less energy and last 25 times longer than incandescent lighting. This same report predicts that by 2027, widespread use of LEDs can save the equivalent annual electric output of 44 large 1000 megawatt power plants for a total savings of more than $30 billion.
Smart lights are one more advancement in the smart home technologies. Smart light bulbs can be controlled through mobile Bluetooth. Remote, mobile operation makes it possible to activate a variety of smart bulb features such as turning the lights off and on, choose color or brightness, schedule when the lights turn on or off, or even flash when you get a social media notification.
The best lighting for your home or business
You can count on the San Luis Obispo electricians from Electricraft to provide the best lighting technologies for any electrical project. Flickering light bulbs, bulbs that frequently burn out and inadequate lighting are signs that it may be time to upgrade electrical wiring and the lighting technology in your home or office.
There is no project too small or too big for the Electricraft team. From troubleshooting lighting problems to electrical systems for a new home, call Electricraft for:
- Professional, on time, quality service to every customer
- Doing the job right the first time
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The Convention is primarily a product of the Council of Europe. The Council of Europe is a body of 46 member states whose mission is to “promote democracy, human rights and the rule of law across Europe and beyond”.1 The Council of Europe is an independent international organisation which is separate from the EU, and includes the UK as a member state.
The Convention is open to signature by the Council of Europe’s member states, the EU and non-member states “which have participated in its elaboration”2 – which includes Japan and Australia.3 Current signatories include the UK, the EU and the US, in addition to smaller states.4
The Convention follows a series of political declarations on international AI regulation. The Convention’s explanatory report acknowledges negotiations took inspiration from:5
The Reykjavik summit of 16-17 May 2023
G7 Leaders’ statement on the Hiroshima process of 30 October and 6 December 2023 (see further detail in the Engage article here)
The Bletchley Declaration from the AI Safety Summit hosted by the UK on 1-2 November 2023 (see further analysis related to the summit in the Engage videos here)
Elements of these political declarations now have a legal foundation in the Convention.
The Convention’s principles and obligations
Who the Convention applies to
The Convention requires states to implement measures for three categories of actors:6
Public authorities. According to the explanatory report, a public authority means “any entity of public law of any kind or any level”, including regional and municipal authorities.
Private actors acting on behalf of public authorities. The explanatory report provides the example of public procurement.
Private actors not acting on behalf of public authorities. The Convention’s treatment of this category is more complex. Parties to the Convention can take one of two approaches to “address risks and impacts” arising from these private actors’ activities. They can either apply the Convention’s requirements to them or take “other appropriate measures”. “Other appropriate measures”, according to the explanatory notes, could include “administrative and voluntary measures” and, as such, the Convention’s requirements could apply to private actors through voluntary codes of practice, for example, as an alternative to new legislative requirements.
Types of AI and AI uses covered by the Convention
The Council of Europe states that the Convention takes a technology-neutral approach. This is “to stand the test of time” as technology evolves.7 Article 2 defines “artificial intelligence system” but the explanatory report envisages domestic legal systems may add “further legal certainty and precision” to it.
The Convention requires states to implement measures in relation to the entire “AI lifecycle”. The explanatory report indicates this is meant to cover “any and all activities from the design of an artificial intelligence system to its retirement”. The Convention could cover any of the activities within scope of the EU’s AI Act such as product manufacturing and deployment.
However, three types of AI lifecycle activities are outside the Convention’s scope:8
Activities related to the protection of national security interests, provided they are conducted consistently international law and democratic institutions. However, the explanatory report indicates the Convention does still cover “dual use” AI i.e. AI with multiple uses including non-national security uses.
R&D for AI systems not yet made available for use, provided it does not interfere with human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
Matters relating to national defence, which are not in the Council of Europe’s scope in any event.9
The Convention requirements
The explanatory report acknowledges that the Convention focuses on human rights, democracy and the rule of law rather than “the economic and market aspects” of AI.
The “principles and obligations” for states to implement fall into three areas:10
Fundamental principles: These are high-level principles such as “transparency and oversight”, “equality and non-discrimination” and “privacy and personal data protection”.
Remedies and procedural safeguards: This includes, for example, an “effective possibility for persons concerned to lodge a complaint to competent authorities” in relation to violations of human rights arising from “activities within the lifecycle of” AI systems. Persons interacting with AI should also be notified they are interacting with an AI system “as appropriate for the context”.
Risk and impact management: This includes assessing the need for a “moratorium or ban” on certain uses of AI that are incompatible with human rights, democracy or the rule of law. Unlike the EU’s AI Act, the Convention does not specify what would constitute a prohibited use of AI.11 However, it does encourage parties to consider bans (except that a ban would not apply to the three AI uses outside the Conventions’ scope above).
How states implement the Convention
The Convention does not apply directly; legislators in each jurisdiction have to implement it in domestic law.
The Convention requires states to “adopt or maintain appropriate legislative, administrative or other measures”. The “adopt or maintain” language is meant to give states flexibility to adopt new measures or apply existing ones, according to the explanatory report. Implementation of the Convention does not necessarily require new legislation. The explanatory report indicates that improving enforcement or making remedies more accessible may be sufficient. The explanatory report also notes states may take into account “compliance mechanisms and standards” and “industry agreements to facilitate self-regulation”.12
Impact on the public and private sectors
Impact on the public sector
Governments and legislative bodies will have to consider how to implement the Convention in domestic law. Although this does not necessarily require new legislation, the Convention does demand some accountability for implementation. States must provide a report to a conference of the parties to the Convention within two years of becoming a party, and periodically thereafter.13 States must also establish or designate an independent oversight mechanism, which can be based on existing human rights oversight bodies.14
Government departments and public authorities may also need to take certain practical measures concerning their own day-to-day operations. On the remedies and procedural safeguards, for example, the explanatory report states that “AI-enabled chatbots on government websites would likely trigger the notification obligation”. Public authorities may also need to consider their criteria for public procurement of AI. Measures could include model documents or clauses, such as the model AI clauses for public procurement in the EU available on the European Commission’s website here.
Impact on the private sector
Private actors operating on behalf of public authorities will also need to consider how governments may reflect the Convention in their procurement process. The private sector more broadly could be impacted by measures states take to implement the Convention in domestic law. For private actors not acting on behalf of a public authority, this may take the form of voluntary measures rather than new legislation.15 Private sector entities could also be proactive in developing standards or “industry agreements to facilitate self-regulation”, which may help states comply with the Convention.16
Impact on the UK’s AI regulation
Unlike the EU with its AI Act, the UK does not yet have legislation focused specifically on regulating AI. The previous government favoured a “sector-based approach”, allowing each regulator to develop AI regulation for its own sector based on five general “cross-sectoral principles”.17 However the current government, now in its second month, indicated in the King’s Speech it would “seek to establish the appropriate legislation to place requirements on those working to develop the most powerful artificial intelligence models” (see our Engage update here).18 Details have yet to emerge but the new legislation is expected to put the UK’s independent AI Safety Institute on statutory footing, as an arm’s length body that will be empowered to compel data from AI developers and test and assess their models prior to their deployment. In the meantime, each regulator will continue to develop its own position on AI. For example, the Information Commissioner’s Office is currently consulting on data protection compliance in the AI supply chain.19
The Convention is unlikely to divert the UK from its current direction of travel. The Convention’s “fundamental principles” overlap with the UK’s existing five “cross-sectoral principles”. The Convention’s “technology-neutral” spirit reflects the approach some UK regulators are already taking, such as the Financial Conduct Authority.20 And as the Convention does not require new legislation, there is no urgency for the government to pass its proposed legislation. Nor does it necessarily need to expand the scope beyond “the most powerful” AI models.
However, the Convention does raise some questions on the direction of UK AI policy.
How to define AI: The new UK legislation will most likely need to define “the most powerful” models falling within its scope. If the legislation’s scope touches on human rights, democracy and the rule of law, the definition may adopt or be similar to the Convention’s definition.
Whether to prohibit certain AI uses: The Convention requires states to assess the need for this. The 2024 election manifesto of the Labour party – now in government - did promise “binding regulation” to ban “the creation of sexually explicit deepfakes”.21 However, this Is likely to be introduced through separate criminal justice legislation and it remains to be seen whether the UK will follow the EU’s lead in prohibiting a more varied range of AI uses in new legislation.
What form the oversight mechanism will take: The UK will have to “designate or establish” an oversight mechanism to comply with the Convention. It may be determine existing human rights oversight bodies, such as the Equality and Human Rights Commission, can fulfil this obligation.
As the Convention has to be implemented in domestic law, its true impact is yet to be seen. The Council of Europe is conscious it should be able to “stand the test of time” – the effect is unlikely to immediate in any jurisdiction.
However, the Convention is still likely to impact the public and private sectors in some form, even if through influencing legislation already in train. In the UK, that impact is likely to complement the existing approach.
Authored by Telha Arshad and Alex Nicol.
3 The Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence - Artificial Intelligence (coe.int), “The Framework Convention was drafted by the 46 member states of the Council of Europe, with the >participation of all observer states: Canada, Japan, Mexico, the Holy See and the United States of America, as well as the European Union, and a significant number of non-member states: Australia, Argentina, Costa Rica, Israel, Peru and Uruguay”
9 Explanatory Report, para 36: “For the exemption of “matters relating to national defence” from the scope of the Framework Convention, the Drafters decided to use language taken from Article 1, d, of the Statute of the Council of Europe (ETS No. 1) which states that “[m]atters relating to national defence do not fall within the scope of the Council of Europe”.
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The boundless and mystifying realm known as space has captivated the human imagination for aeons, igniting an insatiable curiosity about the unfathomable universe that extends beyond our terrestrial haven. We have a unique view into the mysterious universe of space thanks to astronauts, these fearless explorers of the celestial vastness. This in-depth and engaging profound journey as we reveal the fascinating details of how astronauts not only survive, but also thrive in the undiscovered regions of space. We will seamlessly weave in fundamental concepts of astrophysics, providing a holistic understanding of the cosmos. Join us as we navigate the cosmic waters, delving deep into the captivating world of space and science.
Also Read: India’s milestones in space exploration
1. Space: The Infinite Enigma and the Ultimate Frontier of Exploration
The boundless and perplexing universe, commonly referred to as space, continues to enthral us, transcending the boundaries of human imagination. It encompasses all that lies beyond Earth’s protective atmospheric cloak, a realm where silence reigns in a near-vacuum, where the gravitational embrace of Earth gives way to weightlessness, and where an endless horizon beckons our unrelenting curiosity. It is within this awe-inspiring celestial realm that astronauts have the unparalleled privilege to venture, becoming the emissaries of humanity’s relentless quest to unlock the myriad enigmas concealed within the cosmos.
2. Astronauts: Pioneering the Cosmic Odyssey
Astronauts, these exceptional individuals who embark on perilous sojourns into the depths of space, undergo arduous and comprehensive training regimens, equipping them to confront the multifaceted challenges of their cosmic odysseys. Possessing a unique fusion of scientific acumen and engineering proficiency, astronauts emerge as the vanguards of space exploration. They don’t not just the roles of scientists and engineers, but also that of explorers, conducting a diverse array of experiments, undertaking intricate maintenance and repair tasks on complex equipment, and harvesting invaluable data that unravels the intricate tapestry of the cosmos.
3. Space: A Harsh and Unforgiving Environment Beyond Imagination
Surviving and living in space is an unparalleled feat that demands extraordinary resilience and adaptability. The void of space renders the very notion of breathable air obsolete, subjecting astronauts to extreme and unpredictable temperature fluctuations, oscillating from the searing heat of unfiltered solar exposure to the bone-chilling cold of the cosmic abyss. Moreover, the absence of Earth’s gravitational influence bequeaths an otherworldly character to even the most mundane activities, such as eating, sleeping, and navigating within their spacecraft.
4. Astronauts: Architects of Innovative Problem Solving
Along with being trained for their specialised responsibilities, astronauts also possess a strong sense of ingenuity and adaptability. Space presents its inhabitants with a variety of unanticipated situations that are always changing and challenging by nature. Astronauts must not only possess the capacity to think on their feet but also display an unwavering commitment to employing ingenious solutions and fostering collaborative teamwork to surmount the myriad challenges that may manifest during their missions.
5. Space: A Magnificent Cosmic Laboratory
Space stands as an unparalleled scientific laboratory, proffering unique conditions for experimentation that remain unmatched on Earth. Astronauts, who serve as stewards of this cosmic realm, conduct experiments that extend the horizons of astrophysics, a specialised branch of science dedicated to unravelling the intricacies of the universe.
6. Astrophysics: Illuminating the Mysteries of the Cosmos
Within the captivating realm of astrophysics lies the exploration of celestial entities—stars, planets, galaxies, and the intricate cosmic tapestry itself. This profound discipline unlocks the secrets of the universe, where distinguished astronomers and astrophysicists employ state-of-the-art telescopes and advanced scientific instruments to embark on a cosmic voyage, observing, scrutinising, and comprehending these enigmatic celestial marvels.
7. Space: A Pristine Observatory Unveiling Cosmic Wonders
The pristine and unobstructed conditions of space, free from the distortions and obfuscations wrought by Earth’s atmosphere, render it an ideal vantage point for astrophysical research. Scientists revel in the unparalleled clarity and precision of cosmic observations, untainted by atmospheric interference or the cloak of light pollution.
8. Astronauts: Ambassadors of Cosmic Discovery
Astronauts, as they voyage through the cosmos, serve as invaluable contributors to the realm of astrophysics. Their unique position in space facilitates experiments and observations that remain unattainable from the confines of Earth’s surface. Their contributions span a wide spectrum, encompassing the study of Earth’s atmosphere, investigations into the effects of microgravity on biological organisms, and the capture of breathtaking images of distant celestial entities.
9. Living in Space: Crafting a Home Amidst the Cosmos
Let’s embark on a deeper exploration of astronauts’ day-to-day lives in the cosmos. Unlike the familiar comforts of Earth, space offers a dramatically distinct living environment. Astronauts take up residence within specially designed spacecraft and space stations, which function as their cosmic abodes, akin to interstellar homes.
10. Spacecraft: Roaming Habitats Amidst the Celestial Bodies
Spacecraft stand as mobile dwellings in the cosmos, replete with the essential provisions necessary for human survival, including food, water, and oxygen. These technological marvels also house a cornucopia of advanced equipment and scientific instruments, enabling astronauts to conduct experiments, maintain communication with mission control on Earth, and ensure the seamless functionality of their spacecraft.
Also read : Amazing fun facts about Mars
11. Space Stations: Laboratories Afloat in the Cosmic Ocean
Space stations, akin to floating laboratories, provide astronauts with expansive living quarters where they can reside and work for extended durations. Foremost among these cosmic domiciles is the International Space Station (ISS), a collaborative platform where astronauts from diverse countries live and work harmoniously, furthering scientific research and international cooperation.
12. Astronauts: Navigating the Cosmic Waters of Daily Life
Life in space unfolds as a remarkable departure from the routines of Earth. Astronauts partake in specially crafted space cuisine, meticulously prepared to accommodate the peculiarities of microgravity. Slumber is secured within sleeping bags tethered to the walls, and a rigorous regimen of exercise is integral to maintaining muscle and bone health.
13. Working in Space: The Apex of Cosmic Exploration
Astronauts frequently embark on extravehicular activities (EVAs), commonly referred to as spacewalks, which represent the apex of cosmic exploration. During these daring escapades, astronauts don specialised suits, known as spacesuits, to shield themselves from the unforgiving cosmic environment.
14. Spacewalks: The Confluence of Skill and Discovery
Spacewalks encompass a myriad of tasks, ranging from critical equipment repairs and the installation of cutting-edge instruments to the conduction of experiments that push the boundaries of scientific discovery. These endeavours are essential for the maintenance, repair, and augmentation of spacecraft and space stations, guaranteeing the success of future missions.
Also read : Amazing fun facts about Uranus
Space stands as an expansive and beguiling realm, brimming with enigmas that await the eager hands of discovery. Astronauts, imbued with unparalleled courage and unwavering dedication, venture into this demanding environment to conduct experiments, gather data, and unravel the universe’s myriad mysteries. Astrophysics, the science that unveils the cosmic tapestry, draws inexhaustible inspiration from their observations and research.
The next time you gaze skyward, pondering the mysteries of the stars and planets, remember that astronauts live in space and scientists toil tirelessly, revealing the universe’s secrets. The future promises untold wonders as we continue to explore this final frontier, advancing our comprehension of space and science, and expanding the boundaries of human exploration and knowledge.
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Satellite Images, Meteorology, Weather, Space, Planets, Moons, Arctic GroundMap, a tool to remap satellite images to a desired projection. Mail the author of the tutorial: fvalk at fvalk dot com (no spaces) Click on the image above to see an example of results that can be obtained using the GroundMap program. Geostationary weather satellites situated at an altitude of approximately 36,000 km produce imagery as seen from a fixed viewpoint in space, covering a large portion of a hemisphere on earth. Although such satellites provide a view of larger areas and continents, their vantage point implies that images suffer significant loss of resolution and perspective skew towards the Polar Regions. Polar orbiting satellites on the other hand move through space in a so called sun-synchronous 800+ km high orbits, looking vertically down to earth and scanning narrow strips of the globe as it revolves beneath them. The advantage is that true geographic information is provided directly underneath the satellite and that the deviations that occur to the left and right sides of the scan line follow a straightforward mathematical model of a sphere (disregarding the effects of the Earth not being perfectly spherical). Deteriorating resolution and perspective skew towards the ends of the scan line are thus limited and fairly easily corrected. The disadvantage of images derived from Polar orbiting satellites however is that during any one pass only a limited amount of data is provided corresponding to the width of the scan and the length of time the data from the satellite can be received by the ground station. Furthermore, no two single passes will have the same vantage point towards an area observed. Therefore two consecutive passes can never be joined without serious errors over larger areas unless significant effort is invested and consequently, larger areas exceeding the scan width cannot easily be shown in one single image. David Taylor has developed a tool that addresses this issue in a clever but straightforward way: GroundMap. GroundMap Tutorial This program has seen several phases of development and enhancements are likely to follow. The current tutorial describes the major new release GroundMap Version 2, available from January 2006. The program can be found at David Taylor's site - see point b) below. As I have been working extensively with this program and have defined a major portion of the functionality it seems opportune to provide some guidance for its use. What does GroundMap basically do? It accepts three types of image files as input and then maps the relevant image pixels of that file towards a pre-established output projection. The input files that are accepted are: A. Image files associated with a location file <filename>.lcn. Such location files are associated with images derived from polar orbiting satellites, both APT and HRPT. B. HRIT, LRIT or FSD image files that are distributed via EUMETCast. These image products come from geostationary satellites. C. Images in Plate Carree projection format. These images can come from any source, but the most attractive at the time of writing are those made by NASA’s Earth Observatory and made available for free to the public. The following section will describe using the GroundMap program in general and of working with any of the three input modalities. What is needed to get started? a) Availability of a modern good spec PC running Windows XP or 2000. b) The latest released version of the program, which is available for download at: http://www.satsignal.net/ . Choose "Satellite Tools" followed by "GroundMap". Unzip and install in any directory you like, but a dedicated GroundMap seems practical. c) Make sure that the required libraries are in place for the program to run without problems. These can be obtained as a full bundle from http://www.satsignal.net following Software => Runtime Libraries => Library Bundle => Download the runtime library bundle, unzip and install. d) Source or input images as defined above as well as an adequate image processing package such as PhotoShop or Paint Shop Pro. A - Remapping images that come with an associated location file. A location file contains the actual coordinates of a subset of pixels of a particular APT or HRPT image. Polar orbiting satellites view a certain area during two or more passes at a different time and at a different angle. Having the coordinates of the pixels of a pass stored in the location file then allows one to map pixels of different passes and thus viewpoints to a unified projection, effectively merging image coverage of different passes onto a single canvas. To accomplish this, follow these steps: 1) Generate either an APT or HRPT image with the associated *.lcn file. In the case of APT, the produced location file will usually reside either in the same folder as the image data (when saved from SatSignal) or in the WXtrack Results folder if generated by WXtrack. It is essential that both the image file (bmp or jpg) and the location data file have an identical name and that they are located in the same folder. For practical purposes and to eliminate confusion, copy or move the files to a dedicated GroundMap working directory. In the case of HRPT the location file may be generated automatically in the target location specified in the program, next to the image file, or you may need to select the Save Location Data Menu item. It is ESSENTIAL that no geo-correction is applied in the process of generating the image as that would result in mapping relocated pixels to the wrong target place. The location file is hence only produced when no geo-correction has been applied. It should be noted that the filename format must follow the convention as normalized for SatSignal, WXtrack and ReadHRPT (in case of APT and HRPT respectively) so that the later creation of a proper Map List is assured. 2) For convenience sake we assume that the created files have been named <N18-test.bmp> and <N18-test.lcn> and that they have been placed in folder C:/GroundMapWorks/ 3) Open the program and click “Options” and “Output size”. In the Standard version sizes can be selected in the range from 600 x 480 to 3600 x 2700 pixels. Initially it is wise to select ‘small’ (800 x 600 pixels) in order to get a quicker preview of the results of different settings options. Larger sizes require longer processing times and are therefore better used when making final image output. 4) Under “Options” choose “Location”. Here you are offered the choice of area to which youwould like to remap. The program allows you to select from a range of preset views such as UK, Europe, USA, Australasia and the Poles as well as a user defined view. Basically, choosing any of the presets (assuming that the input data corresponds to the region requested) provides you with a shortcut to remap to a region with the advantage that results can be consistency reproduced over time. Setting a location implies that the same canvas is always used, whether one adds to an existing image during the same session or maybe weeks later. In most cases, once a preset is available for the region that can be received from the home location, there will be little need to change that setting anymore. The User setting option is available to accommodate the non-preset locations as well or to be able to deviate in the size of the standard coverage area. This also comes in handy for those consecutive passes that do not cover your local region but have been downloaded, for example, from CLASS or obtained via EUMETCast. More on User settings follows in the description of “Settings” in point 6a below. 5) Under “Options” select “Map projection” and choose any of the indicated clickable projections, which are self evident in their description. Refer to the section Projections below for further clarification on the different types of projections. 6) The last field that can be selected under “Options” is “Setup”. Three tabs are available: General, Overlay and Mapping. a. General: In case “User” had been selected in point 4) the desired map settings can be defined here. In order to do so, activate “Use my map settings” first. When determining the field of view you want to remap to, you must take into account that Meridian and Parallel relate to the centre point of the output field. The notation of the numerical values of longitude to be entered is allowed to be -180 to 180 degrees or 0 to 360 degrees. Latitude values are allowed in the range of 90 via 0 to -90 degrees. Depending on the type of projection selected earlier, the fields “lon span” and “lat span” are available or greyed out. The span determines how many degrees the field of view will be. For fixed ratio projections the latitude span is used to define the view, for non fixed ratio projections such as Cylindrical Equidistant zoomed and Mercator zoomed, the height and width of view are selectable at will. The values entered for Span correspond to the total output view and do not count twice from the centre focus point as defined. Lastly, the Picture Margin option on this tab allows you to set the margin in pixels for the image. The purpose of this is to correct for corners that may go amiss during the mapping process. Initially leave this at 25. The settings on this tab can be saved for future reference to a location of choice by selecting “save user”. Please note that the saved settings refer to this tab only and do not include settings of size and type of projection. b. Overlay: This rather self explanatory tab provides the choice to select overlay data such as Boundaries and Grid lines to the output image. The line width and the colour are selectable as is the spacing between latitude and longitude grid lines. Boundary data can be based on the countries.dat file or the gshhs_i.b file or similar and the file location can be defined at will. In the start-up process it is advisable to have borders and grids active (white colour, as the background is black) to navigate better duringthe process of image generation. c. Mapping: this tab offers a quick mode of mapping (“use fast mapping”) which is the right choice for high quality data. If selected, the coordinates of fewer samples will be used in the remapping process than is the case when this option remains unselected. In case noisy input data is used the slow mode of operation, which reads many samples more, provides much more accurate output images. For larger images the processing time however increases significantly. The Quadrant Mapping option on this tab belongs to the Pro version of the program and is explained later on in the tutorial. 7) Having made all the initial settings, we can now move to “Input mapping” on the main screen and select “from .lcn file” 8) Choose “File” on the main screen and select one out of two possibilities: a. In case no file map_list.mpl is available in the directory C:/GroundMapWorks/ (this is our example working area) then choose “open location data” and select the example N18-test.lcn file. A Map List file will automatically be created. On the “Source picture” tab the original image to which the location data matches will be displayed and on the “map image” tab a remapped image will appear. b. In case the map_list.mpl file is available in the directory C:/GroundMapWorks/ then choose “Open Mapping List”, followed by file =>Open location data. Also in this case the source image is available on the “Source picture” tab and the remapped image on the “mapped image” tab. The map list stores the image file names for which a location file is available and these names can be seen (and selected) on the main program page, Picture tab. 9) You will now have an image on the “Mapped Image tab” showing the original image re-projected to the projection as specified earlier via the Options tab. The grid lines and borders show for the whole specified preset region while the image covers the canvas fully or partially (provided that the image corresponded to the region specified). If you now look with Explorer in the GroundMap working directory, a new file will have been created there, called remapped.bmp. This is an automatic save of the remapped image created in the previous point. The name of the save will always be the same, hence any other remapping instruction will overwrite the file preventing clogging the directory without need. If the image is OK and should be kept, the action ’file > save image’ provides the option to save to a specific location with a custom name for further processing. Note: Only one single image can be remapped at a time. Combining images belongs to the realm of image processing programs. 10) It may be that the overlay created on the output image is misaligned with the image itself. This may occur when during the creation of the APT or HRPT input images Kepler files were used of a different date than of the actual image recording. There are nudging arrows at the bottom of the main screen to adjust the position of the boundary lines on the image with a precision of seconds. In case large discrepancies (minutes) need to be dealt with a course adjustment (double arrow) is available. The whole overlay can be switched on and off without recreating the image using the radio button right of the double arrows. Hovering over the text left of the arrows provides information on the files currently in use and the zoom function allows one to see the whole output canvas on the screen or the image in true size. 11) The other drop-down menus are: Picture, Edit, View and Help. As mentioned in 8b the ‘Picture’ tab will list the images that have been processed and are within the directory where the .mpl file resides. Once several images are in that list, clicking the desired one immediately initiates the generation of a re-map of that image without the need to call for a location file first. The ‘Edit’ tab allows you to flip wrongly oriented images to the desired position without going through the full remapping calculation process. ‘View’ comes in very handy to see relevant image information such as size, projection and coverage. The Help function offers Registration and program version info. Real sources of Help will be found in the tutorial and the GroundMap.txt file in the Program directory. As a general note: it is advisable to do all the experimenting at a small output size until satisfied, only then to proceed to select the final larger size. Correcting the overlay to match the image contours perfectly is best done at the larger magnification because differences may not be apparent at small scale but highly disturbing at large scale. Once two (or more) passes have been re-mapped onto the same canvas settings and the resulting files have been saved, it is only a matter of being handy with your favourite image editing program to join images together, merge , use masks for fluent transitions and any other manipulative action. That is an art in itself and I will not go into further detail here. Up to this point the working of the GroundMap program has been described in the Location data mode only (point A in the introduction). We will now proceed with the EUMETCast derived images from point B, albeit without all the generalities of the program outlined above. B - Remapping HRIT/LRIT and FSD images as distributed via EUMETCast EUMETSAT makes image files of various geostationary satellites covering the whole world available to license holders via the EUMETCast distribution system. Images of each of the distributed satellites (Meteosat 5, 7, 8, Goes 10, 12, MTSAT-1R) come in a fixed format, which facilitates easy incorporation in the GroundMap environment. It is justified to ask the question why opening geostationary image files in GroundMap and not to use the ample functionalities GeoSatSignal offers. The reason is that GroundMap offers a number of extra projections that can be used for very specific applications or demands (see section Projections below) which would unnecessarily complicate the GeoSatSignal program when included there. The access to all of the different output sizes available in GroundMap and access to the Pro functions are other reasons. In order to access the EUMETCast option go to the “input mapping” tab on the main screen and select any of the lower portion options (GOES-E to MTSAT-1R). The program will then ignore looking for location files or files with a specific name format and instead offers the choice to specify file name and location of the image to be input by responding: <You can now use the: File, Open mapped image… menu to load an image>. Press OK and navigate to the desired file to be opened as instructed. The file used for input will now be remapped to the output canvas specified in accordance with all settings specified for the occasion. Care is to be taken that the file type specified (for example Meteosat 7) coincides with the file actually used for input, as GroundMap does the remapping based on the file type it has been told. Using in the example a Meteosat-8 image will provide a remapped image but this will be useless do to the difference in input image size. From this point on, one can use all GroundMap functions on the geostationary derived input image. The flip image function should of course be ignored and the Picture tab will not be available. C - Remapping images that are in Plate Carree projection format The world has been pleasantly surprised when the Earth Observatory group of NASA made highly detailed imagery of the whole world available from which all cloud cover has been removed to a very high degree. The imagery, dubbed Blue Marble, can be had in different resolutions, ranging from 8 km per pixel to a stunning 500 m per pixel. What is more, in order to show seasonal effects such as extent of ice cover and vegetation, all resolutions have been created for each month of the year. One also has the option to have topographic data included and/or bathymetric data. The projection in which it comes is standard Plate Carree and thus highly accessible. GroundMap Version 2 accepts this projection as input and offers its wide range of remapping options for the creation of maps of all sorts for a multitude of applications. It should be noted that images covering the whole world in high detail will be extraordinarily large. People will therefore be restricted to handling images not exceeding the limits set by the current 32 bits PC systems. In practice the maximum manageable image at present is 10k x 10k pixels RGB, but this makes a strangling demand on memory resources and processing capacity. In order to cope with system and program limitations, the program has been adapted to allow the input of part of the total world view at a higher resolution without compromising the restrictions. The following provides a reference of maximum permissible sizes, but be aware that for agility of work it is better to stay well below these maxima.
The East and West hemisphere need to be created once by the user, as is the case for the four quadrants A, B, C and D. The maximum resolution to be obtained with the hemisphere and quadrant presets is therefore 2 km/pixel. There is however another option available in GroundMap, that gives one access to work with the highest resolution data available at present: 500 m per pixel. This is the “Plate Carree arbitrary X-Y coordinates” option. This option allows the user to create any personalized coverage area at best resolution. Working with remapping Plate Carree based images is quite straightforward once the input files have been generated. First choose ‘input mapping’ on the main screen and then select one out of the available Plate Carree options. You will be requested to select an input file that meets the requirements (restricted size, aspect ratio, full image, hemisphere or quadrant). Once selected, remapping takes place to the canvas specified in ‘Options’. A last word on the arbitrary X Y mode: the name of the input file to be created by the user must contain the coordinates of the four corners of the input image. Longitude values must be 3 digits plus e (east) or w (west) and latitude values must be two digits plus ‘n’ or ’s’. When selecting the arbitrary function the program thus looks if the file has a name such as 045w80n041e35n.jpg. If so, than the remapping can take place as with all other remap options. It will be clear that the accuracy of input file creation is decisive for correct output results. GroundMap - Pro Version The pro version offers a number of extras that a more professionally oriented user requires.
To complete the GroundMap Version 2 Tutorial an overview of available types of projections is attached. · Cylindrical Equidistant (full): the version used in GroundMap shows the full earth as if it were divided in rectangular uniform boxes of 10x10 degrees with the Greenwich meridian being at the centre. Scale (horizontally and vertically) is true along the central line (the equator). Shape and scale distortions increase near points 90 degrees from the central line. This projection is also known as Plate Carreé projection. · Cylindrical equidistant (zoomed): shows the same type of projection as above, but limited to the region specified under Span. As there is not such a thing as “correct” projection one should visually choose the best width-height span in relation to the user’s objective. Setting lon span for example to 10 and lat span to 80 will work but the image will not have many practical uses. Proportionality lon : lat = 9 : 5 is most likely the right choice here. · Azimuthal Equidistant: provides a standard, fixed, coverage area of the selected preset region (appr. 4,000 km North-South), with all points on the globe that are at the same distance from the centre point depicted as a circle around that centre point. Distances measured from the centre are true, whereas distortion of other properties increases away from the centre point. It is in many cases the most natural looking type of projection when the radius is not too large. · Azimuthal Equidistant (wide): The same as before but with North-South coverage of a bit over 10,000 km. In both Azimuthal equidistant projections the Lon Span setting is disabled as in fixed ratio projections Lat span is used to determine the field of view. · Mercator full: shows the full earth again as if it were divided in rectangular boxes with the Greenwich meridian being at the centre. The longitudinal separation is a constant linear, whereas the separation between latitude lines increases as a (aTan) function of distance from the equator. Scale is true at the equator or at two standard parallels equidistant from the equator. The projection is specifically applicable for use in marine navigation because all straight lines on the map are lines of constant azimuth, the bearing. · Mercator (zoomed): shows the same type of projection as above, but limited to the region specified under Span. As there is not such a thing as “correct” projection one should visually choose the best width-height span in relation to the user’s objective. In line with the observation made under Cylindrical Zoomed the proportion between longitude and latitude that is most likely to be used in practice is 9 : 5. · Orthographic: A perspective azimuthal projection in which the projecting lines, emanating from a point at infinity, are perpendicular to a tangent plane. The definition implies that only one variable can be set in this case: the latitude span. Proportionality is always assured. Orthographic projections are used for perspective views of hemispheres. Area and shape are distorted. Distances are true along the equator and other parallels. · Linearised orthographic: A linearised variant to the regular Orthographic projection resulting in a somewhat more curved plane. This variant requires significantly more computing time and is therefore slower to produce. · Polar stereographic: Stereographic projections are used for navigation in Polar Regions. Directions are true from the centre point and scale increases away from the centre point as does distortion in area and shape. As is the case with Orthographic projection only one variable can be set: the latitude span. · Lambert conformal conic: the meridians are equally spaced straight lines converging at one of the Poles with angles between meridians being less than true angles. The parallel are represented as unequally spaced concentric circular arcs centred on the chosen Pole of convergence. This results in a projection that has true scale along the one or two selected parallels, constant scale along any parallel and the same in any direction. Thus there is no distortion along the standard parallels. · Gnomonic: points on the surface of a sphere are projected from the viewpoint of sphere’s centre to a plane tangent to a point on the globe (usually the South or North Pole). Only one hemisphere can be mapped this way at a time. Great circles are mapped to straight lines and provide a view as formed by a spherical lens. · Van der Grinten: the boundary of the whole view is a circle, in which the meridians and parallels are circular arcs with the exception of the zero meridian and the equator, which are straight lines. · Great circle: this is in fact the limiting case of the azimuthal equidistant projection with a full 360 degree field of vision. The projection is often used for long distance radio communication as bearing and distance are always true with area and shape being progressively distorted over distance. | | <urn:uuid:39a48b04-5ea1-41a5-b147-0356dd94cec4> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.fvalk.com/groundmap.htm | 2024-10-13T19:59:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.919891 | 5,386 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Tennis elbow is the common name for lateral epicondylitis, an injury to the tendon on the outside of your elbow. This normally happens from repetitive strain, overuse or direct trauma to the area. The muscles of your forearm combine to form the common extensor tendon. Your tendon connects into the bone on the outside of your elbow joint. All the stress that is placed on your fingers, hand and wrist is focused on this small area.
Like many injuries, tennis elbow occurs when the stress put on an area, outweighs your body’s ability to repair. Over time the injury causes pain, inflammation and then degeneration in your tendon. Your injury will get worse if you continue doing the activity that triggered it. Continual aggravation will result in additional damage, which can result in complete tendon rupture.
Causes of tennis elbow
Firstly, most people who get tennis elbow are not tennis players. Any activity that repeatedly stresses the muscles that straighten the wrist, fingers and turn the wrist can cause the injury. Tennis elbow most commonly occurs when you start doing unaccustomed activities. Things that use your forearm muscles much more than normal. It can still happen when you’re used to the activity, you can always overdo it. These include:
- racket sports
- using a computer mouse and keyboard
- manual occupation (builder, carpentry, plumbing)
- playing musical instruments (guitar, piano)
You are not alone, tennis elbow is very common. It’s estimated that as many as 1 in 3 people are currently suffering with symptoms. The following symptoms can last from a week, up to 2 years, but 90% of people have full recovery within 12 months:
- pain and stiffness with bending and straightening the elbow;
- discomfort gripping, picking up objects and opening jars;
- pain around the outside of the elbow and forearm;
- grip weakness.
The single most important part of treating your tennis elbow, is to rest. Your injured tendon and muscles need time to recover, so you must stop or change the activity that caused your injury.
Having poor posture while working on computers, tablets and smartphones can cause repetitive strain injuries. Taking positive steps to improve your posture and having a workplace ergonomic assessment is a great start. Modifying or improving your technique can also help. This can mean getting a tennis coach or finding a good guitar tutor. You may be using poor technique, that has resulted in your injury. When gripping object is an issue, some find that changing grip size useful. Putting some cloth or tape around your tennis racket or screwdriver can be a good way to test it.
The focus of rehabilitation is to speed up your recovery. Reducing pain in inflammation, while improving strength and flexibility. Here’s how:
- Strengthening and stretching exercises: follow the advice and exercises provided in the tennis elbow rehabilitation plan. These exercises can be done as often as, every other day. Mild discomfort is okay, but if any movements cause you pain, then stop.
- Ice: the worlds best natural anti-inflammatory, applying an ice pack to the outside of your elbow will reduce pain and inflammation. Use the ice pack for approximately 10 minutes at a time, 2 to 5 times a day. Make sure that you do not apply ice directly to your skin. Instead use a thin cloth, or couple of sheets of kitchen towel to protect your skin.
- Manual therapy: find a good osteopath or Enfield Physiotherapist. Your therapist should perform therapeutic ultrasound to reduce inflammation and speed up recovery,
while also using massage techniques and joint mobilisation to improve healing. | <urn:uuid:85ac0bb7-5bfe-4550-b533-f578447e0519> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.gdosteopathy.co.uk/enfield/tennis-elbow/ | 2024-10-13T19:11:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.939263 | 748 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Show the direction and distance to this object on the Galactic Map.
Extrasolar Planet in Draco
Show on Sky Map
The Kepler-301 system consists of three known planets, each somewhat larger than Earth, with Kepler-301 c occupying the middle orbit of the three. All of these planets are orbiting extremely closely around their Sun-like star. For comparison, if the planet Mercury were part of this system, it would lie more than three times farther from the star than even the outer planet, Kepler-301 d.
Imagery provided by Aladin sky atlas
eSky © copyright Mark Fisher 1999-2024 | <urn:uuid:a9f00c01-4a26-48e8-834d-57c11d088ea2> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.glyphweb.com/esky/planets/kepler301c.html | 2024-10-13T18:57:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.923936 | 128 | 3.203125 | 3 |
8. Invest in containers that make food transport and storage easy. Don't want to take your leftovers to work because it's messy or a hassle? Invest in reusable plastic containers of varying sizes to make it easy to store, heat and transport food without mess or hassle. If something makes a good snack for the kids, like mac and cheese, consider putting some of it into small, snack sized containers to encourage kids to eat it. If they can just heat and eat without having to hunt for plates ands serving utensils, they might be more receptive to leftovers.
9. Learn how to properly reheat food. Some foods shouldn't be nuked on the second go round because they get soggy. Cook these in the oven or toaster oven. Some should be put in the skillet. Some foods are best eaten cold the second time around. Experiment until you know how to get food to come out as good the second time as it was the first. It is possible.
10. Learn how to season leftovers to get rid of the blandness. Some foods do require a little extra spicing up the second time around. Keep a stock of basic spices or sauces on hand and experiment until you learn which foods require which spices to liven them up a bit.
11. You spend less on gas. I hear you now. What do leftovers and gas have to do with each other? Every meal of leftovers that you eat postpones that trip to the restaurant of grocery store a bit longer, saving you the gas required to get there. With gas going nowhere but up, eating at home as much as possible saves money in more places than just the food budget.
12. Label things as to what they are and when they were put in the fridge. This makes it easy to see what you've got and when it should be eaten to avoid spoilage. No more guess work or, “But I didn't know we had that” moments.
13. Learn to cook and buy knowing you'll be eating the leftovers. If you know there are some things that you absolutely will not eat as a leftover, don't buy or make it unless you are prepared to eat the whole thing in one go. Only cook and buy meals that you know someone in your house is willing to eat again. Otherwise, you're wasting money and food.
14. They save time. If you're super busy, having a fridge stocked with leftovers is a great alternative to fast food. You can just heat and go without having to make something new. This is great for those nights when people are rushing around to activities and the only other choice is the drive thru at McDonalds. (And, by not eating fast food, you're saving even more money, see #1, and getting healthier, see #6.)
Hopefully you're now converted to the idea of eating leftovers. However, if you absolutely cannot reconcile yourself to the idea of leftovers, then buy and order less. Share meals in restaurants or order smaller items like appetizers. Buy and prepare just enough for your family to eat it once. Smarter shopping and ordering still saves money and eliminates waste, but doesn't make you eat leftovers. | <urn:uuid:4ba5be9f-ea8e-4292-9492-00d74d16bad7> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.grocerycouponguide.com/articles/financially-secure-people-eat-leftovers/3/ | 2024-10-13T20:45:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.975707 | 661 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Tribal fisheries using excess government equipment to help restore Pacific Northwest salmon populations
Resident orcas are the heart of the Puget Sound. Three Resident Southern orca pods return to the Salish Sea every year to feed on fresh salmon, which routinely arrive via the plentiful Washington rivers. But in the 1990s, the population dropped so low, salmon became protected by the Endangered Species Act. In turn, the orca population also suffered.
Government agencies, including Tribal nations and non-profit organizations stepped in to help the once booming salmon population bounce back. Hatcheries and fisheries located along streams and rivers where salmon live and spawn are using science - and excess federal property - to return more salmon to local waters.
Through the Bureau of Indian Affairs, tribes like the Puyallup Tribe can apply for excess government equipment and supplies for use at fisheries at no charge. Area Property Officer Trey Dyer recently visited Puyallup Fisheries Director Russ Ladley to better understand his operation and how GSA excess can continue to support their mission.
Ladley and Fisheries Enhancement Chief Blake Smith led Dyer on a tour of three of their facilities to show him exactly how excess government equipment is already in use. At the Diru Creek Salmon Hatchery, staff collect female salmon before they spawn. The Fisheries staff “bleed the females,” meaning they remove the eggs and wash off the blood so they fertilize better (female salmon die after they spawn). The eggs are then fertilized and placed in incubators. When they start to hatch, the staff move the young salmon to custom-made salmon runs, crafted by a welder using sheets of scrap metal discarded from Joint Base Lewis McChord. Many of the tools and other equipment they use to maintain the incubators, runs and other equipment was transferred through GSA’s Office of Personal Property Disposal.
Once the fish get a little larger, they are moved to acclimation ponds, like those at the Clarks Creek Salmon Hatchery. Here, they help prepare the fish for release into the Puyallup River. Birds that feed on the young prey threaten the young salmon. Using netting obtained through the excess program, staff work to protect the bulk of the salmon until they are ready for release. Various tools and equipment here are also former government property - including obsolete law enforcement boats, tools and even a discarded freezer once used in the (human) infertility department of a Veterans Affairs hospital.
At the Wilkeson Creek Rearing Ponds, young salmon prepare for release. This is a critical point in the restoration process, and the staff aim to keep these ponds well protected. A long metal gate greets drivers who wish to enter. This gate was also once in use on government property, but was no longer needed.
“Russ and his team are awesome at what they do,” said Dyer. “Participating in site visits gives Area Property Officers like myself a chance to see how beneficial excess federal property can be for our customers. As a Washington resident, I’m grateful for the opportunity to serve a role in such a meaningful mission within our community.”
The Puyallup Tribe operates 11 fisheries facilities in the Puget Sound area. The tribal fisheries “monitor the status of salmon populations both within and outside its jurisdiction and strive to maintain healthy, harvestable salmon populations for the benefit of all.” | <urn:uuid:ea40d278-3719-43af-8319-f8043b9f6ad0> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.gsa.gov/about-us/gsa-regions/region-10-northwestarctic/region-10-newsroom/feature-stories/tribal-fisheries-using-excess-government-equipment-08062024 | 2024-10-13T20:43:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.946957 | 698 | 3.375 | 3 |
Cockroaches are among the most common pests found in homes and apartments. They are particularly bothersome in areas where food is prepared, and sanitation is lacking. Most people find cockroaches repulsive and embarrassing simply by their presence. They have the potential to contaminate food, kitchen utensils, and other household items, as well as leave an unpleasant odor.
While cockroach treatments are effective, they do not have an immediate effect. You should understand what to expect after treatment so that you are not surprised if roaches continue to infest your home.
You may see more cockroaches than usual in the days following treatment. This is not to say that the treatment was ineffective. On the contrary, the treatment was performed precisely as expected. The roaches emerge from their hiding places because they are dying after exposure to the spray insecticide.
It's unclear why cockroaches die out in the open. It has been proposed that insecticide chemicals cause muscle spasms and disorientation in roaches before killing them. The insecticide in the spray should eventually be effective at killing all of the roaches in your home. However, this can be a time-consuming process.
Cockroaches can lay hundreds of eggs in their lifetime if left to their own devices. As a result, some eggs have likely already been laid at the treatment time. The treatment does not affect roach eggs., but it prevents the young from reaching full maturity after hatching.
As a result, you may see immature cockroaches after treatment. However, these will die without reproducing, and you will soon see no cockroaches.
After cockroach treatment, the first thing you should do is vacuum up the dead and dying bugs. This helps to keep the premises clean and prevents disease spread. Vacuuming them up is fine, even if the roaches aren't entirely dead. They will not survive insecticide exposure, and the heat from the vacuum cleaner will hasten their demise.
While the infestation is nearing its end, you can help hasten its demise and prevent the onset of another by cleaning and decluttering. Remove food and water sources, such as food spills, garbage, plumbing leaks, and any places roaches could hide.
Another way to avoid a new infestation is to figure out how they got into the house in the first place so you can plug the hole. Because roaches can fit into tiny spaces, this can be difficult. If you don't know how the roaches got in, seal any cracks around windows and doors. If you buy used items, inspect them for cockroaches first to avoid unintentionally bringing them into the house. This can also help you keep other insect pests bay, such as bed bugs. | <urn:uuid:61943a9c-17e3-4cc6-80b9-43f603f270dd> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.harperpestcontrol.com/post/how-long-to-get-rid-of-roaches | 2024-10-13T18:49:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.967889 | 562 | 2.53125 | 3 |
What Happens To Your Body When You Donate Bone Marrow
Donating bone marrow can save a life. Around 18,000 people each year are diagnosed with deadly diseases like leukemia and lymphoma (via Health Resources and Services Administration). Bone marrow transplants are sometimes the only option for successful treatment. But only 30% of these patients will be able to find a family member who is a match and able to donate. The rest will need a donation from a healthy person willing to go through the process of giving stem cells from bone marrow.
Bone marrow is a type of tissue that grows inside of your bones and is filled with stem cells (via Medline Plus). Once fully developed, these cells will become the blood cells that your body needs to function. In patients with blood cancers, treatment with chemotherapy or radiation can kill bone marrow stem cells (via Johns Hopkins). This means that in order to produce new stem cells and blood cells, they will need a bone marrow transplant. The two ways that bone marrow can be collected from a donor and transplanted to a patient in need are through surgery directly from the bone, or from the donor's blood (via Medline Plus).
The potential side effects
If you've already signed up to be a donor through organizations like Be The Match, or you're considering joining a bone marrow registry, there are a few things you should know in case you match someone who needs a transplant. Bone marrow donation can be done in a hospital or a special outpatient office (via Healthline). If you are having bone marrow collected from your bone, you may be given general anesthesia or just regional anesthesia. Either way, you won't feel the procedure and you'll only be left with very small incisions from the procedure. It will most likely be an outpatient procedure that only takes a few hours, so you won't need to spend the night at the hospital.
There are a few serious risks to donating bone marrow, and most are related to the anesthesia you are given. But only about 2.4% of people who give will experience serious complications from the procedure. Potential less serious side effects of anesthesia include nausea, vomiting, and sore throat. Bone marrow removal may cause some temporary soreness, bruising where the incisions were made, trouble walking because of soreness, and feeling tired. And even though a little bit of your bone marrow was removed, new marrow will be made by your body within a month and a half. So if you're thinking about donating life-saving bone marrow, know that the risks are low, but the benefits are priceless. | <urn:uuid:24e65fa3-706f-4862-8c7c-f43bece27137> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.healthdigest.com/423281/what-happens-to-your-body-when-you-donate-bone-marrow/ | 2024-10-13T21:01:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.94527 | 520 | 2.828125 | 3 |
teething is an eruption of the primary or milk teeth usually begins in the 5th or 6th months of a child’s life. The first appearance of normal teeth is eagerly awaited by the parents. In most cases eruption of teeth causes no distress to the child or parents but sometimes the process causes local irritation which
is usually minor but which may be severe enough to interfere with the child’s sleep.
The primary teeth or milk teeth usually come out without difficulty, “Teething” problems are commonly associated with the eruption of the relatively large last teeth i. e molars of the child’s teeth.
The signs of teething may be manifested locally and or systematically to include:
- Loss of appetite.
- increased salivation and drooping .
- Reduced appetite . Increase thirst .
- Parches of erythema on the cheeks and lips .
- Increased body temperature .
- General irritability .
- Redness or swelling of the gum Over the erupting tooth.
TREATMENT OF TEETHING
1. Teething toys :
toys can do more harm than good.
2. Teething Foods:
3. Topical medicaments:
medicaments helps to control infection at the site of tooth eruption and provide rapid but short-lived pain relief.
4. Use of drugs:
Two main types of drugs for teething in babies.
a. Analgesics :
B. Hypnotic and sedatives :
Regular visit to the dental clinic :
Isreal olabanji a dental assistant and public health professionals and has years of experience in assisting the dentist with all sorts of dental issues.
We regularly post timely and trustworthy medical information and news on Fitness, Dental care, Recipes, Child health, obstetrics, and more.
The content is intended to augment, not replace, information provided by your clinician. It is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Reading this information does not create or replace a doctor-patient relationship or consultation. If required, please contact your doctor or other health care provider to assist you to interpret any of this information, or in applying the information to your individual needs. | <urn:uuid:eb262a1e-013a-4833-a7b0-ebb8291f3db9> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.healthsoothe.com/teething-and-treatment/ | 2024-10-13T20:42:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.909316 | 467 | 3.328125 | 3 |
People often say to us, “How do we get started? What do we eat?”. We will share some of what we tell them.
Number 1 –
Stop eating processed and refined food
The reason for not eating processed food could take up an entire book on its own. High Fructose Corn Syrup, Mono-sodium Glutamate, additives including: dyes, flavorings, preservatives, emulsifiers, stabilizers which are added to the food to help it last long, look good, be well formed, and a multitude of other reasons.
When my husband and I decided to change we filled boxes with food from our pantry and cupboards and donated them to a food pantry.
We cleaned out anything that had partially hydrogenated oil or fat which is a trans-fat.
We cleared out refined pastas, white flour products, vegetable oils, margarine, sugar products, etc.
We become label readers. Can you pronounce the ingredients? Do you know what they are? Is it something that can harm your body? Will it give you good nutrients?
Number 2 –
When you sit down to eat, have four things in front of you. A good Protein, A good Carbohydrate, A non-starchy vegetable, and a good fat.
Number 3 –
Throw out all food with hydrogenated oil, partially hydrogenated oil or trans fats. Peanut butter, pudding, crackers, cookies, shortening, margarine to name a few.
Number 4 –
Realize that Fat is good for you. Fat does not make you fat. Use only Olive oil, Coconut oil, Avocado oil or real butter or ghee. You may also use real animal fat from the animal.
Number 5 –
Sugar is a stimulant and is responsible for heart disease, diabetes, Osteoarthritis, Clogged arteries, Alzheimer’s Disease and many other diseases. Become a label reader. How much sugar is in your ketchup? Eliminate High fructose sugar. Begin to cut your sugar down in your recipes from ½ to 1/3 to ¼. Use honey, molasses, maple syrup (Grade B), coconut sugar.
When you eat out, do it for a special occasion at a place you can trust the food. Hint – being too tired to cook is not a special occasion. Unless you ask you are not going to know what kind of oil something is cooked in and 9/10 it will not be olive oil. Take your own butter and salt with you.
Number 7 –
Use natural salts like Pink Himalayan salt, Use real butter, Learn to ferment and eat a tablespoon or two a day. Keep your gut happy and healthy. | <urn:uuid:bde891a9-d872-4fb4-b912-144b51d8512d> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.heartinessapproach.com/7-actions-get-started | 2024-10-13T19:44:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.949864 | 565 | 2.90625 | 3 |
What did George Marshall push for?
George Marshall won the Peace Prize for a plan aimed at the economic recovery of Western Europe after World War II. Marshall began his military career in the American forces of occupation in the Philippines in 1902. During World War I he trained American troops in Europe.
What was George Marshall’s famous idea?
In June of that year he proposed the European Recovery Program—known as the Marshall Plan—which played an important role in the reconstruction of war-torn Europe.
Was George Marshall a good leader?
General George C. Marshall is universally recognized as a paragon of leadership. Marshall’s effectiveness as the leader of the U.S. Army during World War II, the State Department during the early post-war era, and the Defense Department during the Korean War are well known and documented.
What was Marshall’s leadership style?
Gen. Casey Brower said, “Optimism, stamina, love of one’s soldiers, determination, and loyalty were qualities for Marshall that distinguished successful officers from the common pack.
What were 2 reasons why the Marshall Plan was created?
The American goals for the Marshall plan were to help rebuild the postwar British economy, help modernize the economy, and minimize trade barriers. When the Soviet Union refused to participate or allow its satellites to participate, the Marshall plan became an element of the emerging Cold War.
What is Marshall arguing for in paragraph 5?
5. What is Marshall arguing for in paragraph 5? He wants America to provide Europe with “substantial additional help.”
What battles was George Marshall in?
George C. Marshall
General of the Army George C. Marshall GCB | |
Battles/wars | Philippine–American War World War I Western Front Meuse-Argonne Offensive World War II Chinese Civil War Operation Beleaguer Cold War Korean War |
Military awards | Army Distinguished Service Medal (2) Silver Star Croix de Guerre Complete list |
What did the Marshall Plan focused on?
An effort to prevent the economic deterioration of postwar Europe, expansion of communism, and stagnation of world trade, the Plan sought to stimulate European production, promote adoption of policies leading to stable economies, and take measures to increase trade among European countries and between Europe and the …
What is George Marshall Legacy?
George Marshall. Few Americans in the twentieth century have left a greater legacy to world peace than George C. Marshall (1880-1959). As chief of staff of the United States Army during World War II, it fell to Marshall to raise, train, and equip an army of several million men.
What did George C Marshall fear?
As the Army’s deputy chief of staff in 1938 Marshall harbored ideas about the need to rearm the nation that clashed with isolationist fears that the United States would be drawn into the impending European war.
What was George Marshall role in ww2?
George Catlett Marshall (December 31, 1880-October 16, 1959), America’s foremost soldier during World War II, served as chief of staff from 1939 to 1945, building and directing the largest army in history. | <urn:uuid:1e8bfd91-facb-457f-9721-2efcd0eb7f0f> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.hotels-in-budapest-hungary.com/what-did-george-marshall-push-for/ | 2024-10-13T18:53:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.952077 | 654 | 3.71875 | 4 |
There are two forms of memory, explicit and implicit. Explicit memory is declarative in nature. In other words, when asked what you did today, you’re able to declare (speak) about it. Implicit memory on the other hand is memory and knowledge that is difficult to be spoken of. When we are asked how we walk, we all know how to do it, but it’s not something we could easily explain.
We can explicitly declare we love ourselves, but implicitly our behavior can say otherwise. We can consciously love ourselves, but unconsciously hate ourselves. Even in ancient times, before we had a conceptual understanding of this, we could hear it echoed in the words of the Christian apostle Paul as he said, “For I do not understand my own actions. For I do not do what I want, but I do the very thing I hate.” (Romans 7:15, ESV)
I believe it’s important to recognize that when our outside (conscious / explicit) doesn’t match our inside (unconscious / implicit) there is likely defense mechanisms and the persona (in essence the mask of conformity) at work. These are typically “white lies” that allow us to operate as if things were fine (giving the appearance of healthy living – correctness) or so that we are accepted by others (likability).
The problem with deception is it’s damaging. It creates neurosis (a mismatch of inner and outer being) and can be the beginning of many forms of mental illness. The closer we are to the truth (reality), the better off we are. We become more resilient to stress during change because we are able to adapt not to an illusion, but to the reality (truth) of the situation. A key component of this is acceptance (not to be confused with approval).
“The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change.” – Carl Rogers, On Becoming a Person
“…we cannot change, we cannot move away from what we are, until we thoroughly accept what we are. Then change seems to come about almost unnoticed.” – Carl Rogers, On Becoming a Person
It’s in accepting the reality of the situation, accepting the reality of ourselves that we can finally understand what actions are necessary to change our situation. Recognizing where we are doesn’t mean we approve of our toxic behaviors, but allows us to see our lives as they actually are. So long as we continue to ignore the issues at hand, numbing ourselves to the pain either through ignoring it or some other external means, we will suffer continuously and find true lasting change either difficult or altogether impossible.
I’ll leave us with this profound quote from Abraham Maslow’s book, Toward a Psychology of Being, “By protecting himself against the hell within himself, he also cuts himself off from the heaven within.” | <urn:uuid:86e2db1d-2c9c-47a4-af3e-bbd8cf53d04c> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.iamchrisgoode.com/self-acceptance-change/ | 2024-10-13T19:35:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.96025 | 612 | 2.5625 | 3 |
One would expect that places which have strict laws regulating conditions under which termination of a pregnancy is allowed have the smallest abortion rates but that is not a case as our latest ranking of 10 countries with lowest abortion rates in the world in 2018 will show. Restrictive abortion laws do not have any influence on the number of terminated pregnancies. According to Guttmacher Institute, the rates are similar in countries where abortion is highly restricted (37 abortions per 1,000 women) and where it is broadly legal (34 per 1,000).
Currently, there are 24 countries in which women are not allowed to terminate a pregnancy even when their life is at risk. These countries also prohibit abortions in situations such as rape, incest, or severe fetus illness. If a woman decides to terminate a pregnancy, she might end up serving a prison sentence. For instance, a woman from El Salvador was recently freed after being held in prison for a decade serving a 30-year long punishment for alleged intentional pregnancy termination. There are also many countries such as Ireland which allow abortion only in exceptional circumstances. Restrictive policy in these places has not decreased the number of abortions. Women either travel to countries which allow abortions or undergo unsafe procedures. Guttmacher Institute estimates that “of the 56 million induced abortions that took place each year during 2010–2014” around 25 million, or in other words almost half, were unsafe.
Abortion rates worldwide have been on the decline during last three decades. Between 1990 and 1994 there were 40 terminated pregnancies per 1,000 women aged 15-44 globally while the number dropped to 35 per 1,000 for the period between 2010-2014. This decrease was largely driven by the drop in abortion in developed countries where rates fell from 46 per 1,000 to 27 per 1,000. However, there are some developed countries like Germany, where the abortion rate is on the rise again, although it was declining for years. For example in the third quarter of 2016, there were 24,200 abortions in the country which is 0,2 percent more compared to 2015. And then there are, unfortunately, those countries where abortion rates are “alarmingly high”, such as Eastern European countries. Moreover, it’s the region with the highest abortion rate in the world at 43 abortions per 1,000 women. Moreover, Ukraine is one of the countries which have the most abortions per capita.
There are few sources estimating annual abortions per country. Johnston’s Archive looks comprehensive, but in some cases, it relies on statistics dating back to 1990s. However, those looking for abortion rates by country map might find this website useful. In order to create the ranking of 10 countries with lowest abortion rates in the world in 2018, we decided to rely on the latest report provided by Guttmacher Institute, which was published in March this year. Although the document includes most recent statistics issued by governments as well as unofficial estimates the numbers refer to 2015 and before. Note that these are the most recent data and that it can be rightly assumed that abortion rates by country in 2016 and 2017 have not changed much.
If you want to know more about places with the highest number of terminated pregnancies you can read our article 11 Countries with Highest Abortion Rates in the World, where you will discover that at one point Greenland abortion rate was 50.45% which was the highest in the world.
And now, let’s check out our list of countries with lowest abortion rates in the world in 2018. We are starting off with the last two countries which share the 9th place.
Number of abortions per 1,000 women: 12
Abortion was first legalized in Denmark in 1939. However, at that time women could terminate a pregnancy only if their or fetus life were at risk, or if they were raped. The law was liberalized in 1973 allowing pregnancy termination without restriction until the 12th week. At later stages, abortion is allowed only in specific cases. | <urn:uuid:150972a3-dddb-4136-bb63-e439e9457e43> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.insidermonkey.com/blog/10-countries-with-lowest-abortion-rates-in-the-world-in-2018-656191/ | 2024-10-13T19:55:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.973569 | 806 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Most people know of carbon monoxide as a colorless, odorless gas that harms thousands of households annually. But there is more to the compound than meets the eye. Here are four intriguing facts about carbon monoxide that you didn’t know.
Carbon Monoxide Was Discovered in the 1700s
The history of carbon monoxide began with its discovery between 1772 and 1799. An English chemist and theologian named Joseph Priestley recognized the compound and identified its notable differences from carbon dioxide.
Conversely, Arnold of Villanova was no stranger to the research surrounding carbon monoxide. Arnold was extensively studying the compound centuries before Priestley’s discovery. The alchemist described carbon monoxide as a poisonous gas produced by the incomplete combustion of wood.
Continuous Exposure to the Gas Has a Slow Burning Effect
Carbon monoxide poisoning is a significant cause of many emergency room visits in the United States. Once the toxin combines with hemoglobin, the reaction produces carboxyhemoglobin, reducing the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity and leading to hypoxia.
Continuous exposure to the compound results in poisoning that happens in gradual increments. The adverse effects can include intense symptoms such as loss of consciousness, mental confusion, vomiting, loss of muscular coordination, and brain damage.
If not corrected, carbon monoxide poisoning can result in fatalities.
Carbon Monoxide Can Form Carbonyls
Carbon monoxide can react with metals like nickel, cobalt, and iron to create carbonyl compounds. Carbonyls have chemical and physical properties that are useful in industrial settings. The compound is also prominent in the form of water gas and fuel creation.
Most Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Occurs From Non-Motor Vehicles
Home appliances and many other consumer products use fuel, increasing your exposure to carbon monoxide poisoning. Fuel is present in heating systems such as water heaters, portable generators, wood stoves, gas ovens, and fried furnaces.
To protect yourself from carbon monoxide, consider following some best practices, such as serving your furnace and installing a CO alarm.
These intriguing facts about carbon monoxide provide deeper insight into the compound that continues to threaten families nationwide. By protecting yourself, you can mitigate the effects of carbon monoxide on your health. | <urn:uuid:7949627c-d3a2-4135-b4ab-3c944673ac12> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.interestingfacts.org/fact/4-intriguing-facts-about-carbon-monoxide | 2024-10-13T20:30:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.937674 | 468 | 3.1875 | 3 |
What we expect you to know
You should know, what these terms mean and you should be able to explain them in your own words.
Cell Theory . Germ Line . Soma . Cell Differentiation . Differential Gene Expression . Cloning . Totipotency . Haplodiploidisation . iPS . Stem Cells . Meristems . Cambium . Quiescent Centre . Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis . Causality . Necessary and Sufficient Conditions .
- You can explain, what differential gene expression means and what is explained by this
- You can explain, how it was shown that all somatic cells share the full set of genes
- You can explain and draw, how a stem cell is defined
- You can explain, what the difference between zygotic and somatic embryogenese is
- You can explain, using the case of the state-F cell, what „necessary“ and „sufficient“ means
Vertiefung (for Bachelor students)
- 1. The gnom mutant of Arabidopsis was very important for understanding early embryogenesis. It produces a misshaped embryo not able to develop into a plant. How could the gnom mutant then investigated?
- 2. In your first semester, you learnt, how the cambium is giving rise to xylem and phloem during secondary thickening. The phloem is more complex, because the cambial cell has to give rise to a companion cell and a sieve tube cell, which requires a series of two cell division. Translate this case to the abstract scheme for a stem cell division, using A, B, C, D etc. and tell, which of these divisions are actually stem-cell divisions. If you do not remember, how this worked, find it out in the Strasburger and the lecture slides from semester 1.
- 3. What is the difference in stem cells between monocots and dicots?
- 4. What would you predict for the carrot system, when one would succeed to inactivate the JIM-8 genes by CRISPR-Cas?
- 5. Sieve tube elements lack ribosomes. Why? How do they get the proteins they need to survive?
- 6. Do unicellular organisms have a "soma" in the sense of August Weismann?
Special topic (Master students)
The use of mutants such as wuschel and clavata helped to understand, how stem cells in the shoot are defined. What about the stem cells in the quiescent centre of the root? Are these the same genes, or are they different? Use the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana as paradigm and make a comparative list of the respective genes. Find out, whether there are gene homologues between shoot and root stem cells.
- A review about the history of the Cell Theory and its link with plant stem cell research: Opatrný et al. (2014) - pdf | <urn:uuid:eca52e73-9e69-4933-b8be-3fa52eb97249> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.jkip.kit.edu/botzell/2994.php | 2024-10-13T19:32:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.905334 | 628 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Study Finds Mosquito Responsible For West Nile Could Carry Zika Virus
Brazilian researchers say they’ve found another species of mosquito that is able to transmit the Zika virus to humans. That particular mosquito can be found in Arizona.
The Aedes aegypti has been the seen as the main carrier of the Zika virus. A recent study found the widespread Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito could play a role in the epidemic.
Researchers in Brazil collected hundreds of the Culex and found Zika in some. However, more studies need to be done because previous studies have shown Culex may not be good at spreading Zika.
The Arizona Department of Health said that Culex vector is found here, and is typically responsible for spreading West Nile virus. The state experiences mosquito activity in the warmer months, though the highest activity is during the monsoon season, according to Department of Health's website. | <urn:uuid:77db6fae-7871-43ac-a4e5-b731db440b4e> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.kjzz.org/2016-07-22/content-339216-study-finds-mosquito-responsible-west-nile-could-carry-zika-virus | 2024-10-13T20:49:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.94489 | 190 | 3.203125 | 3 |
How Work Is Messing Up Your Sleep
It's no secret that Americans are short on sleep. But there's been disagreement as to why. A new study says here's one big reason: work.
An analysis from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health asked people where they're working, and how much they sleep. The more people work, the less sleep they're likely to get. And some jobs are much less sleep-friendly than others. Sort of saw those coming, even through our bleary eyes.
Overall, a third of adult workers say they're sleeping six hours or less a night, compared with the seven to nine hours of shuteye recommended for good health.
People who are working more than one job are sleeping less than most, as are people working more than 40 hours a week. Divorced and separated people are short on sleep, too. That news will come as no surprise to single parents.
Who's hurting the most? On the day shift, it's people working in mining, with 41.6 percent sleeping less than six hours a night, and utilities, at 38 percent.
But that's nothing compared with the night shift, where 44 percent of those who toil say they're sleep-deprived. Worst of all: people who work in transportation or manufacturing. There, 70 percent of workers on the night shift are missing sleep. Trains, buses and semi-trucks driven by the sleep-deprived? Not a good idea.
The night shift in health care is no picnic either, with 52 percent of workers there reporting lack of sleep. A study late last year also found sleep to be a huge problem for police officers, but this report didn't separate them out.
Sleep is a health and safety issue, which is why this was published in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Sleepiness causes an increase in car accidents and accidents on the job. It also boosts the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Not to mention doing a worse job on the job.
The night shift is especially bad, because it messes up natural circadian rhythms that promote sleep at night, and makes it harder to sleep during the day. It can be hard to get healthful meals and exercise while working nights, too.
Still, some people have figured out how to make that work. According to the survey, 90 percent of people working nights in "arts, entertainment, and recreation" say they're well-rested.
No word on why those folks are snoozing so serenely. Is it that the jobs are so darned much fun?
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:249ab42a-f0a4-4cb9-b3a1-976b96306950> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.kunc.org/npr-news/2012-04-27/how-work-is-messing-up-your-sleep | 2024-10-13T21:05:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.975687 | 554 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The Media Freedom Report 2022, published on 28 March 2022, is the first annual report on media freedom in the EU, produced by the Civil Liberties Union for Europe to supplement the Rule of Law Report and supported by the Policy paper on media legislation. The report was written with the help of Liberties’ member and partner organizations in 15 EU countries and used collected case studies. The Media Freedom Report 2022 focuses on four topics: media freedom and pluralism, safety and protection of journalists, freedom of expression and access to information and lastly the enforcement of laws.
A free and diverse media is important in any democracy. In order to have a lively and vibrant public debate, citizens need to be informed about what their political representatives are up to. The work of journalists and media workers makes this possible. However, media freedom is declining in the EU. Many countries show problems in the areas analyzed and while the erosion of media freedom in some states has caught the public eye, the situation is worsening across the Union.
Media freedom and pluralism
Citizens rely on independent journalists to get informed and make up their minds about the important issues of the day. Media freedom implies that media outlets can report on current affairs independently from government interference or influence. When citizens have accurate information and different opinions to consider, they can make an informed choice about how they are governed. One way of ensuring the public can hear different opinions is by preventing a handful of owners from running the majority of media companies. But many EU member states are dealing with a high concentration of media ownership or governments who assert pressure on publishers.
In Hungary, government-friendly business people have bought large portions of the media market. Government loyalists have taken over influential news outlets that used to be critical of the government. And even more stable democracies show problems of media plurality. An example being Italy. In Italy, only two media companies dominate the media market.
But other factors can affect media pluralism as well. Across Europe, especially due to the Covid-19 pandemic, media houses feel economic pressure, for example due to lower advertisement revenue. This affects publishers of all sizes, but small and local news outlets are hit particularly hard.
Journalists and media workers are not safe
Most countries covered by this report show an increasingly unsafe environment for journalists. This ranges from harassment to physical attacks. Rights groups in 11 countries report worrying episodes of harassment and attacks against journalists. In the Netherlands, media workers talk about an increasingly violent narrative against the media. In July 2021, this came to a tragic climax when crime reporter Peter R. de Vries was fatally shot in broad daylight in Amsterdam.
And attacks are not limited to real life encounters, but happen virtually as well. The majority of harassment that German journalists experience happens online, with the result that some choose to self-censor and avoid hot-button issues like migration.
Curtailing freedom of expression and information
Our member and partner organizations across the EU report an increasing number of restrictions on free speech and freedom of information.
In France, the new law on the Respects for the Principles of the Republic is making it harder for journalists to report on and expose police violence. In Slovenia, attempts have been made to introduce new rules on the criminalization of insults to include those against public figures. This would be a way to punish criticism of the Prime Minister and other government officials.
Restrictions on access to information remain a problem. In Poland, dozens of journalists have been refused access to the border with Belarus.
Clearly, a lot needs to be done in order to protect media freedom and ensure media pluralism in Europe. The European Commission is currently working on a new piece of legislation, the European Media Freedom Act, to protect the diversity and independence of the media in the EU. It should include measures to further transparency in media ownership and elaborate on rules on how to make journalistic work more safe.
Our recommendations to the Commission further include:
- A fair and transparent distribution of funds to media outlets.
- Support of editorial independence from any form of public or private interference. A special focus should be on the protection of journalistic sources.
- Proper enforcement mechanisms, like the establishment of a Board of Media Freedom and annual monitoring of the status of media freedom.
To learn more about the current state of the press across the European Union and what can be done to protect journalists and media freedom, read our report here.
Further reading on this topic: | <urn:uuid:624318f2-976b-42d6-a2bd-5a0ab0ef30ee> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.liberties.eu/en/stories/media-freedom-report-2022/44110 | 2024-10-13T20:35:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.949084 | 902 | 2.546875 | 3 |
In this article, we will explore the essential command for checking the version of Git installed on your system. Let’s dive into the world of version control with Git!
Documentation for ‘git version’
The ‘git version’ command is used to check the version of Git that is currently installed on your system.
To use this command, simply open a command-line interface and type ‘git version’ followed by pressing Enter.
This will display the installed version of Git on your computer, allowing you to verify if you have the latest version.
Keeping Git up-to-date is important for ensuring compatibility with other software and for accessing the latest features and bug fixes.
Regularly checking the Git version is a good practice for developers and programmers working on projects that rely on this version control system.
Update Git on Linux
To update **Git** on **Linux**, you can use the **git –version** command to check the current installed version. If you need to update, you can do so through your package manager.
For Debian-based systems like Ubuntu, you can use **apt-get** to update Git with the command **sudo apt-get install git**.
For Red Hat-based systems like CentOS, you can use **yum** with the command **sudo yum install git**.
After updating Git, you can verify the new version by running **git –version** again in the terminal.
Keeping Git updated ensures you have access to the latest features and bug fixes for your software development projects.
Update Git on macOS
This command will display the current version of Git that is installed on your macOS. If you need to update Git to the latest version, you can do so by using a package manager like Homebrew. Simply run the following commands in the terminal:
brew upgrade git
These commands will update Homebrew’s package list and then upgrade the Git package to the latest version available. Once the process is complete, you can verify that Git has been successfully updated by running the `git –version` command again.
Updating Git is essential to ensure that you have the latest features and security patches.
Update Git on Windows
To update Git on Windows, you can use the command git –version to check the current version installed on your system. If you need to update Git, visit the official Git website to download the latest version for Windows. After downloading the installer, run it and follow the installation instructions. Once the update is complete, you can verify the new version by running the git –version command again in the command prompt. Keeping Git up to date is crucial for accessing the latest features and bug fixes to improve your workflow.
Whether you are a seasoned developer or just starting out, understanding the Git version command is a valuable skill that can benefit your work. Consider taking Linux training to further enhance your knowledge and proficiency in using Git and other essential tools. Stay updated with the latest developments in version control systems to stay ahead in the ever-evolving world of software development. | <urn:uuid:3be1b4e4-b5b0-4b4a-afca-e489f50981b1> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.linuxassembly.org/check-git-version-command.html | 2024-10-13T20:41:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.87351 | 630 | 2.84375 | 3 |
To make decisions about future pregnancies, it’s important to understand how breastfeeding affects your return to fertility. It’s also important to know that the ability to get pregnant again while breastfeeding varies from woman to woman.
The two strongest factors influencing the return of your fertility are:
- How frequently you breastfeed,
- and The total amount of time you spend breastfeeding in 24 hours.
If ALL of the following conditions apply, breastfeeding is 98% effective in preventing a pregnancy:
- Your baby is less than six months old.
- Your periods have not returned (no spotting).
- Your baby is breastfeeding exclusively on cue, day and night, without regularly receiving any other food or drink including water.
The return of your fertility can happen when ANY of the above factors change. The following can all change your hormone levels and result in a possible pregnancy unless you are using birth control:
- Increased separation.
- Longer gaps between daytime feedings.
- Starting solids.
- Baby sleeping longer stretches at night.
- Pumping milk rather than feeding at breast.
Many mothers have one or more periods that are infertile before they start releasing eggs (ovulating) again. There is no way of knowing for sure whether this will be the case for you. If your menstrual cycle returns in the first six months, then the likelihood is that you were not fertile before that first period. But if your baby is older than six months, it is more likely that you will release an egg (ovulate) before you have your first menstrual cycle. This means that you could get pregnant before you even know that you are fertile again.
Some breastfeeding mothers and parents find that even after their babies are older than six months, eating solids regularly and sleeping longer stretches at night, their periods do not return. This is not uncommon. Some women have been known to have a delay in fertility for well over a year or more. You may like this idea or worry that you will not be able to have your next child as soon as you want. As your baby gets older and continues the slow gentle process of weaning, your fertility will probably return. Very occasionally, a mother may need to wean completely in order to get pregnant.
Your body may not cooperate with your plans for delaying or speeding up the return of your fertility. There is no magic spacing of children that is best for everyone. Many families end up having children closer together than they planned or much further apart than they wanted. In the end we all make our own unique families and are able to enjoy both the challenges and blessings of whatever arrangement we get.
If you have any questions about the return of your fertility, you can contact a La Leche League Canada Leader for information and support.
Please consider supporting LLLC.
Updated August 2022 | <urn:uuid:28737f39-b32f-463e-8d7f-bd5a0ce4e3cd> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.lllc.ca/fertility-and-breastfeeding | 2024-10-13T19:37:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.954533 | 580 | 2.578125 | 3 |
We Introduce 10 STAR Species In The Aquarium
Introduction Of Star Species Of The Aquarium
Cownose ray measures approximately 28~46cm and grows fast.
In general, a grown cownose has a white or light yellow belly.
To protect itself from danger, it uses the barb of its tail.
This penguin catches fish while living on a small island of the coast where
the Peru current flows. It makes a simple nest among rocks or in caves and
lays 2 eggs. There is a thick black band on the upper side of its chest.
Young penguins have a dark color overall and they have no band on the chest.
As the smallest breed of otters, it weighs 1~5.4kg and is 70~100cm long
with the tail approximately 30cm.
Otters hunt preys in water and its physical characteristics are suited for hunting.
The valves inside the small, round ears and nostrils are automatically closed
when otters dive. They can detect fish in the water using their sensitive whiskers.
The world’s largest body color pattern turns red starting from the tail.
Pirarucu climbs to the surface of the water to inhale the oxygen in the air
and breathes the oxygen gathered in its air bladder.
Since the local natives started to use pirarucu for food and daily necessities,
it has become endangered due to the indiscrete hunting and pollution of its
This is a carnivorous fish which name means “toothed fish” in the local language.
Piranha has an extremely powerful lower jaw as well as sharp triangular teeth.
In the wild, it eats a variety of species such as fish, reptiles or mammals.
They also prey upon the same species - any sick or weak piranha among a colony
is instinctively eaten.
Electric eels inhabit the muddy place of the Amazon River.
To supplement its poor eyesight, it produces electricity through
power-generating apparatuses located on both sides of its body.
They detect organisms in the water, send signals to other species and stun preys
in the vicinity using generated electricity. Their electricity is 650~850V,
the highest level among fish.
Sardines live in the coastal areas of Korea, China and Japan,
and have a blue back and a silver-colored belly. Sardines measure 12~20cm long.
To avoid being eaten by carnivorous species, they live in groups by forming
Anemone fish have 3 white stripes that cross its light orange body.
It lives among coastal reefs and establishes mutual relationship with sea
anemone where it lures prey for the sea anemone using its conspicuous color
and lives on the food left by the sea anemone. Anemone fish is capable
of changing sex which although born male, it changes its sex
when the breeding female dies.
Sea horse is the fish with a unique appearance which resembles a horse.
The length a sea horse can protect its body is approximately 6~10cm.
Sea horse lives its entire life under the monogamy system and breeds
in a unique method where males incubate eggs. It sucks water using its thin
and long mouth and preys upon the animal plankton or small prawns contained
in the water.
Sea turtles inhabit the tropical and subtropical sea of the entire world except
the Arctic Sea. The spawning ground is not protected, and this turtle is
an endangered species due to reckless hunting. Its beak is similar to that of
a parrot. The sea turtle eats marine algae or fish or jellyfish at times.
Since the back skin is solid, it can protect itself from carnivorous species such as
shark. Using the flipper, the turtle can swim for a long distance at a speed of | <urn:uuid:065b92c6-5fce-472f-bbb1-47ab406dfbb3> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.lotteworld.com/aquarium/en/app/aqa_biology/list.asp?cmsCd=CM0491 | 2024-10-13T19:30:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.938985 | 801 | 3.4375 | 3 |
John K. Saichuk, Meszaros, Anna
South American Rice Miner (SARM) - Hydrellia wirthi (Korytkowski)
Injury is caused by the larva, which causes large, elongated lesions along the margins of emerging leaves.
The larva mines the leaf or rasps the leaf surface before the leaf unfurls.
As the leaf expands, yellow damaged areas are more visible. Affected young leaves usually break off or display a ragged appearance.
The maggot continues to feed on the whorl tissue and enters the stem of developing plants.
Because of the damage to the whorl of rice plants, the SARM also is termed “whorl maggot” by several rice producers.
It is common to find more than one maggot in a single stem. Affected seedling plants are killed or their growth is severely retarded.
The LSU AgCenter and the LSU College of Agriculture | <urn:uuid:76b09721-51cd-4133-ae69-253de41e9b09> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.lsuagcenter.com/topics/crops/rice/insects/photos/rice_miner/sarm-4 | 2024-10-13T20:27:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.947822 | 202 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Grow a Fibonacci Spiral Garden
What do math, nature and gardening have in common? The Fibonacci Spiral.
In math, the Fibonacci sequence of numbers goes 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13 and continues indefinitely. This sequence is derived by adding the two previous numbers.
If you square each number, align the squares into a rectangle and connect them with a dissecting arc you get the Fibonacci spiral which appears in nature.
Take a look at the patterns of the scales of a pine cone. See the spiral? Then examine the seeds in the head of a sunflower or spirals in a nautilus seashell.
So slow down and take a second look at the nature around you for a bit of inspiration.
A bit more information: Explore other garden styles that find inspiration in nature. For example, Japanese gardens are designed to mimic nature. This style uses trees, other plants, structures and stones to create a feeling of spaciousness and the natural spaces of Japan. | <urn:uuid:6ac7a710-a2bd-4f3b-ac61-cec32800f30b> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.melindamyers.com/audio-video/melindas-garden-moment-videos/garden-landscape-design/grow-a-fibonacci-spiral-garden | 2024-10-13T21:03:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.896911 | 214 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center medical oncologist and hematologist Sham Mailankody explains what multiple myeloma is, how it makes a person especially vulnerable to infection, and why COVID-19 vaccines provide crucial protection for people with the disease.
What is multiple myeloma?
Multiple myeloma is a kind of blood cancer that develops when a normal white blood cell called a plasma cell changes into a myeloma cell. Healthy plasma cells help the body to make antibodies.
Myeloma cells are cancerous cells that can multiply uncontrollably. The disease is called multiple myeloma because you can develop tumors in more than one location in the bone marrow and sometimes outside the bone marrow.
Who is at risk for multiple myeloma?
Most people with multiple myeloma do not have clearly identifiable risk factors. Multiple myeloma is more common in men than women, and more common in Black people than in those of other ethnicities. Black Americans have nearly twice the risk of developing the disease. It usually occurs in people over 60, with the average age of diagnosis being 70. Exposure to some chemicals, such as pesticides and fertilizers, may slightly increase the risk of the disease.
How is multiple myeloma treated?
Treatment may include chemotherapy, steroids, drugs that modify the immune system, or a bone marrow transplant. People can respond well to treatment and live for many years, although the disease is not considered curable. At MSK, we are currently investigating the use of a new immunotherapy called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for multiple myeloma. This treatment involves removing immune cells called T cells from a patient, arming them with synthetic proteins that allow them to recognize and attack cancer, and then returning them back into the patient.
How does multiple myeloma and its treatment make someone vulnerable to COVID-19 infection?
People with cancer often have weakened immune systems. Multiple myeloma cells are less able than normal plasma cells to make antibodies to fight infections. People with multiple myeloma also have defects in other immune cells that make it harder to mount an immune response. In addition, treatments (such as chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant) can damage immune cells. Not only are people with multiple myeloma more vulnerable to infection, they also are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 when they do get infected.
Why would someone with multiple myeloma get severe COVID-19 despite being vaccinated?
There is evidence that shows COVID-19 vaccines are not as effective in people with certain blood cancers. A vaccine must activate your immune system to protect you. In an immunocompromised patient, this ability is impaired.
We’ve done studies here at MSK showing this to be the case. One study led by MSK medical oncologist David Chung found that people with blood cancers have a weakened response to the vaccines, both due to the cancer itself and because of treatments for the disease. Another study, led by MSK hematologic oncologists Roni Tamari and Gunjan Shah, found that people who had received bone marrow transplants or other treatments for their cancer within the previous year also got less protection from the vaccines.
That’s why doctors recommend additional vaccine doses for people with cancer to boost the immune response. No vaccine is 100% effective, but the COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to greatly reduce risk of infection and death. In some people, even the additional doses may not do enough to strengthen the immune response if someone is infected.
That’s why it’s critical for everyone to get vaccinated. You are not only protecting yourself and your family, but you are protecting people with cancer and other diseases that make them especially vulnerable to COVID-19. It is also important for cancer patients — particularly those on active treatment — to continue masking, social distancing, and washing their hands often.
October 19, 2021
- Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty®) COVID-19 Vaccine Fact Sheet for people age 6 months through 4 years
- Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty®) COVID-19 Vaccine Fact Sheet for people age 5 through 11 years
- Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty®) COVID-19 Vaccine Fact Sheet for people age 12 years and older
- Moderna (Spikevax™) COVID-19 Vaccine Fact Sheet for people age 12 years and older
- Johnson & Johnson/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Fact Sheet for people age 18 years and older
- Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine Fact Sheet for people age 18 years and older | <urn:uuid:aa148b93-e3d1-4cd1-bca7-3b7411fbde69> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.mskcc.org/coronavirus/how-does-multiple-myeloma-place-someone-risk-covid-19 | 2024-10-13T20:41:16Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.952566 | 977 | 3.375 | 3 |
The sinking of the British passenger ship Athenia by a German U-boat on the first day of the Second World War is a historical fact. The boat was carrying 1,102 passengers and 315 crew: ninety-three passengers and nineteen crew died. The Athenia left for the open sea from Glasgow on 2 September 1939. On the morning of 3 September war was declared. At 7.38 p.m. (GMT) the torpedo hit the liner.
Drei Tage im September is an account of this incident with all its political implications. U-Boot Captain Fritz-Julius Lemp had contravened the Hague Convention by attacking an unarmed passenger ship without allowing its passengers sufficient time to escape. To aggravate the situation still further, some of the victims were US citizens and as the US had been drawn into the First World War by the disastrous sinking by the Germans of the Lusitania, the stakes were now higher still. Ships – British destroyers, a Swedish millionaire’s yacht and a Norwegian vessel – hurried to the aid of the slowly sinking liner. Captain Lemp concealed information about the attack (with the connivance of his seniors), but later, after abandoning U-boat 110, failed to scuttle it, leaving behind an Enigma code machine that was to help the British code-breakers in their decisive work later on.
Rademacher brilliantly depicts the tensions of that August and September. Personal stories of a number of the passengers, many of whom were fleeing from Europe and Hitler, are intertwined with a description of Lemp himself and of the wider strategy of the German U-boat fleet under Admirals Raeder and Doenitz, considered then the only arm of the German forces that could threaten Britain’s lifeblood of imports and exports. Further details of the political manoeuvres devised by Hitler and Ribbentrop, and the strategic placing of Nazi supply ships and U-boats in the Atlantic, are interspersed with the booking of passages on the Athenia and the preparations on board. The dividing of a large swathe of the narrative into the three days in question provides a satisfying structure for a narrative full of personal drama at sea and political drama on dry land.
A masterly interweaving of the political, the strategic and the personal from a skilled and practised hand. | <urn:uuid:2feb9a49-8b86-4632-bbf0-68aeb6401b94> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.new-books-in-german.com/recommendations/three-days-in-september/ | 2024-10-13T19:33:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.968563 | 475 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Solving Political and Legal Mysteries
What is this thing, this funny thing, called problems? Just who can solve its mystery?
Scientists pursue and apply knowledge of the social and natural worlds based on evidence, objective observation, data, and critical analysis, and propose hypotheses to be tested.
In the light of this it is useful to survey some actions and human behavior which lack scientific plausibility or remain mysteries.
Some mysteries are solved but many remain unsolved. A reminder of the latter appears in a new Swedish TV documentary about the assassination of the Social-Democratic Swedish prime minister Olaf Palme on the evening of February 28, 1986, on the busiest street in central Stockholm, on which several people were walking. Who killed Palme and why does it remain a mystery? A police investigation examined thousands of people, but no murder weapon was found, and no forensic evidence was uncovered, and there was no clear motive for the murder. Serious mistakes were made. Finally, in June 2020 the police announced that a particular individual, a graphic designer, was the perpetrator.
But he had committed suicide earlier that year, and the investigation was closed. A flat ending to an intriguing mystery.
More benignly on November 17, 2021, a pair of cufflinks were sold at an auction at Oxford for 5,700 pounds. They belonged to Ian Fleming, author of James Bond, and bear inscriptions on the underside. One side has LIS, WUS. The other side has FUN, UDH. No one knows the meaning of the inscriptions, or whether they represent an unsolved secret message. Here is a mission, for Bond or any aspiring spy to crack the code on the jewelry.
Another mission is the correct price of wine. Consumers tend to judge the quality of wine by how much it costs and by the label on the bottle. Yet there appears to be little relationship between a liking for wine and its price. Tests have shown that a photo of a French chateau on the label of a bottle of wine is more likely to convince shoppers the wine is premier quality than one without such a label, and the same with a heavier bottle. About 34% of those surveyed ranked a 10 pound bottle with a chateau label as having most quality, while 15% choose a 95 pound bottle which had no similar label. According to a study by Oxford University and supermarket giant Aldi, about 25 percent of individuals in a survey believed a cork instead of a screw on the bottle indicated higher quality. Yet, a cheaper bottle with a plain label can be rated more highly than an expensive brand. They preferred a 6.49 bottle to one costing 36.99 during a blind tasting test. They got no kick from the higher priced wine which didn’t thrill them at all.
Who would prefer a dog’s life? Apparently, those who are bidding for a Tuscan style mansion in Miami which has nine bedrooms, eight bathrooms, large pool and waterfrontage, and was once owned by Madonna. But the owner is a German Shepherd Gunther VI, the wealthiest dog in the world, with a fortune calculated at $688 million, whose family inherited the fortune of $58 million from a German countess, Karlotta Liebenstein who died in 1992. Will the owner, whose ancestor Gunther IV is in a portrait in the living room, sell for the now estimated $31 million? Or will Gunther, who sleeps in Madonna’s former master bedroom, travels by private jet, eats steak and caviar for dinner, and owns multiple yachts and cars, prefer to remain? Or is it all a publicity stunt? Miami has not yet become the Canine Islands.
Another mystery is the favorable view of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi German regime by members of the British upper class and aristocracy in the 1930s. A pertinent revelation is analyzed in a book by history Professor Helen Roche of Durham University, who discusses the relation between British and Nazi schools before World War II. The Nazi schools, Napolas, created in 1933, accepted and trained youngsters with Aryan racial and physical characteristics: by 1945 there were 43 of them. They admired British private schools, looked to them as models, and soon began links and exchange programs between the top Nazi schools, set up to train future leaders of the Reich, and the top elite UK private schools, Eton, Harrow, Winchester, Rugby, Westminster, Leys school, Cambridge, between 1934 and 1939. There were sporting tournaments between the two sides.
This school relationship is relevant for an understanding of British foreign policy and appeasement policy in the 1930s. In the early years of the connection with Napolas, British educators in the elite schools admired the strength and physical development of German boys, and felt that what they saw in Nazi Germany was in some ways superior to British society. They did not recognize the German boys were cultural ambassadors, better at the job than the Hitler Youth. One can view this shortsighted view of the educators as a microcosm of the friendly attitudes towards Nazi Germany of individuals such as the Duke of Windsor and Wallis Simpson, Lord Rothermere, newspaper mogul Lord Londonderry who said of Hitler he was “a kindly man with a receding chin and an impressive face,” the Duke of Buccleuch, dismissed from his post as Lord Steward of the Royal household in 1940 for Nazi sympathies, and Unity Mitford, who moved to Germany.
On November 18, 2021 an old mystery reappeared. Who really assassinated Malcolm X, civil rights leader who was gunned down as he began a speech in Harlem’s Audubon Ballroom on February 21, 1965. On November 18, 2021, two men convicted of the crime were exonerated after a long investigation admitted that key mistakes were made in the 1966 trial that found them guilty. The two men, Muhammad Aziz and Ite Khalil Islam spent decades in prison, and maintained their innocence. Aziz, now 83, was released in 1985, and Islam released two years later died in 2009. The third man arrested for the crime, Thomas Hagan, confessed to the crime but was released in 2010 at age 69. Hagan insisted that the other two were not guilty. He explained that Malcolm X was targeted because in 1964 he split with the leadership of the Nation of Islam, for which he had previously been the leading spokesman. Hagan was not believed by everyone. The search for the real killer goes on.
Who is healthy and why? The British Medical Journal, referring to the years 2012-18 held that a white ethnic group had a lower life expectancy and higher overall mortality than all ethnic minority groups except the Mixed group. The same point was made in the British government report directed by Tony Sewell, chair of the Commission on Race and Ethnic disparities which held that pre-pandemic health outcomes among ethnic minority groups was better than among white people. However, this overall mortality advantage of some ethnic groups, Bangladeshi, Pakistanis, and black Caribbean males had been reversed because of the higher risk of death during the pandemic of COVID, living in densely populated areas, in large households, and working in jobs, health and social care, which involved facing people. The Sewell report did not deny that racism was a factor in the COVID results, but there was no evidence of institutional racism.
The virus of cancel culture has spread to the Holy Trinity Church of England primary school in Richmond, London. The school had houses named after Winston Churchill, JK Rowling, Sir David Attenborough, and Emmeline Pankhurst. The school has cancelled Churchill and Rowling as house names because the two were not “diverse enough.” Churchill was regarded as a racist because of his actions during the 1943 Bengal Famine. Rowling was accused of transphobia.
The houses have been renamed after Marcus Rashford and Mary Seacole. These two are not known for their political or intellectual achievements. Rashford had a career as a footballer and campaigner for school meals. Seacole was a black nurse who served on the battlefields of Crimea. Almost as famous as Florence Nightingale, she died in 1881. The mystery is the real reason for the school action.
More surprisingly, the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust has removed the pictures of the former prime minister from its websites and changed its name to the Churchill Fellowship.
Lastly, another survey, the YouGov-Cambridge Globalism Project tells us that people are more deeply divided by identity than by issues, and that culture wars are fueled mostly by partisanship, “them against us.” Though political groups that dislike each other often agree on substantive issues, a major problem of is that, by stressing differences, political compromise is difficult if not impossible. This was shown in the U.S. where 93% of Trump supporters said they disliked Democratic politicians, and 90% of Biden supporters said the same of Republicans.
Will the identity of voters in 2022 and 2024 be a mystery? | <urn:uuid:2b43372e-0767-4fbd-be54-af33d7fac570> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.newenglishreview.org/solving-political-and-legal-mysteries/?print=print | 2024-10-13T19:28:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.981502 | 1,836 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Five ways to help fight summer learning loss
By Liz Holden Boatwright
For kids, summertime can be a welcome and long-awaited respite from school. But among summer’s beach days, ice cream cones, and backyard games, the long break can also have an unwelcome side effect: summer learning loss, in which kids lose some of the knowledge and skills they gained during the school year. Research shows that summer learning loss in childhood plays a major factor in later academic achievement. And the same researchers found that summer enrichment activities, including museum visits, can help to prevent that “summer slide.”
Here are five ways to help fight learning loss this summer:
- Be creative. At home, your kid’s creativity can stay engaged through arts and crafts, musical activities, and make-believe play. And here at the North Shore Children’s Museum, your kids can let their inner artist shine in our Makerspace, put on performances in the Storytelling room, or play pretend at our Farm to Table, Doctor’s Office, and Banking exhibits. Our Rotating Room exhibit this summer is the NSCM Diner, which allows kids to play restaurant with costumes, a kitchen, international play food, order pads for waiters, and a table with menus for customers.
- Get social. For some kids, it can be a tough to lose the regular socialization the school year provides. Throughout the summer, we’ll be offering programs for kids of all ages – from an ice cream social to yoga and inclusive sports programs. And every other Wednesday through August 21, Legopalooza will feature a wide variety of Lego bricks in our party room all day. Get creative and meet other Lego enthusiasts around the tables. View our event calendar to see what’s coming soon.
- Don’t forget about math. Parents and caregivers can help their kids retain their math skills by engaging them in simple exercises, such as making change or counting exits on the highway. And at the North Shore Children’s Museum, we can help. Our piggy bank exhibit, sponsored by North Shore Bank, lets kids be bank customers or tellers, make deposits and withdrawals, use ATMs, work the drive through window, and more! And kids can learn about ecology and local wildlife in our Bugs and Bees exhibit or about topography and the ocean in the Go Fish! Room.
- Make a day of it. There are so many things to do in Peabody. After spending some time curled up with a book in our sensory room, continue your summer reading at the Peabody Institute Library, just a short walk away. Or visit Brooksby Farm, where kids can be outdoors, learn about farm animals, and work on their fine and gross motor skills picking fruit.
- Don’t discount the power of play. While it’s important for kids to practice their math and reading skills, play is also crucial in helping to build children’s brains, promote mental health, and even help develop the skills to pay better attention when they return to school.
Museums – and their learning benefits – are for everyone. We have deals with more than 28 local libraries on the North Shore of Massachusetts, which offer 50% off tickets for up to give guests. We offer discounts for adults and children with WIC or EBT cards, and on Thursday afternoons through August 15, we’re also offering half-price admission to all visitors. We recommend purchasing tickets in advance here. | <urn:uuid:543595ed-af19-4c7f-b36f-871f4cf7af46> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.nschildrensmuseum.org/2024/06/17/five-ways-summer-learning-loss/ | 2024-10-13T20:49:44Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.952584 | 729 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Hyperarousal is a state of heightened alertness and sensitivity to stimuli. It is a physiological and psychological condition often associated with stress and anxiety, that is particularly relevant to ghosts and hauntings. When a person is in a state of hyperarousal, their body and mind are on high alert, ready to react to any perceived threat or unusual occurrence.
When someone believes they are in a haunted location, they may enter a state of hyperarousal due to fear, anticipation, or anxiety about encountering a ghost or other paranormal phenomena. This can result in increased heart rate, rapid breathing, heightened sensory perception, and feeling jumpy or easily startled.
When in a state of hyperarousal, an individual is more likely to notice small noises, changes in temperature, or movements in their peripheral vision. In a potentially haunted location, these heightened senses can make ordinary events, like the creaking of a floorboard or a breeze,...
Price includes certificate of achievement, postage, and digital accreditation. | <urn:uuid:3a1f3d5f-53db-4424-87e1-ef9cfe57b190> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.paralearning.org/courses/parapsychology/hyperarousal/ | 2024-10-13T19:33:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.931482 | 206 | 2.75 | 3 |
The United Nations recently designated 2013 as the International Year of Water Cooperation, drawing attention to the growing scarcity of the world’s greatest resource. As controversies over water continue in the western United States, creative solutions are needed to promote cooperation between competing users.
Kate Fitzpatrick is a 2012 Enviropreneur Institute alum, where she developed market-based strategies for water conservation. Kate is currently Program Manager at the Deschutes River Conservancy, a non-profit that restores streamflow and water quality in the Deschutes Basin in central Oregon. We thank Kate for answering our questions about water rights and conservation in the West.
Q: How has water right allocation in the West dewatered streams and rivers?
A: Water in the West was allocated according to a 160-year-old system of “prior appropriation,” which is based on a first-come, first-served principle. Water users who claimed they were putting the water to “beneficial use,” diverting it for purposes like irrigation or mining, were granted a water right to use that water in perpetuity. By the early 1900s, the rivers and streams in much of the West were over appropriated, meaning more water rights had been granted than there was water available. This system has led to many dewatered streams during the summer months when water is diverted for out-of-stream use.
In Oregon, the use of water instream for fish and wildlife, recreation, or watershed function was not recognized under state water law as a beneficial use until 1987. The 1987 Instream Water Rights Act created the ability for conservation interests to participate in water markets by leasing or purchasing senior water rights and protecting instream flows.
Q: What is the Deschutes River Conservancy and how do they protect instream flows?
A: The Deschutes River Conservancy (DRC) is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization with a mission to restore streamflow and water quality to the Deschutes Basin. The DRC was formed in 1996 by an unusual coalition of Native American tribes, environmental groups, and irrigation districts. These diverse groups saw severe water conflict in neighboring communities like the Klamath Basin and had a vision that the community could work together to address water issues using market-based incentives. The DRC restores streamflow using tools such as water leasing, purchasing water rights, and investing in large-scale water conservation projects where the saved water can be protected instream.
Q: What are your concerns with the current tools of leasing and purchasing water rights to restore instream flows?
A: Leasing and purchasing water rights have been very effective tools to restore flows in many areas throughout the West. In the Deschutes, we have used these tools to meet the state’s streamflow target in Whychus Creek, a critical tributary for steelhead and salmon, something that has never been done before in Oregon. But these tools do have limitations. Water leases and purchases are dependent on state administrative processes, which is time-intensive and sometimes unpredictable. In addition, when you purchase a water right, the right is held in trust by the state in perpetuity, leaving little flexibility to adapt to variable flow needs or changing future conditions. Traditional water transactions also trade one value of water (e.g. agriculture) for another (e.g. fish and wildlife), and rely on conservation grant funding, which is inherently finite. Perhaps most importantly, the complexity of the institutional, political, and hydrologic context around water management often limits the use of these tools.
Q: Is there an alternative to these tools?
A: Groups working in flow restoration can achieve greater ecological outcomes through aligning incentives among varied interests. This means moving towards a dynamic model of water management that maximizes diverse values, taps multiple revenue streams, and incentivizes the reallocation of water at a decentralized and context-specific level.
In the case of the Deschutes Basin reservoirs, we are incentivizing multi-faceted changes in water management that will ultimately lead to flow restoration. This involves packaging water conservation projects and inter-district water rights transfers that will reallocate water from a senior irrigation district to a junior irrigation district. This increases the water reliability of the junior district, giving them more flexibility to release stored water in the winter when it is needed instream. These instream releases benefit the senior district’s hydropower revenue by optimizing existing hydropower facilities downstream. Other hydropower interests have an incentive to invest in the portfolio of projects that enables increased instream flows through their facilities. Cities, as well, can invest to restore surface flows and meet mitigation requirements for new groundwater pumping. Through considering the needs of diverse partners and aligning the appropriate incentives for investment and action, we can reach streamflow goals that would have otherwise been politically or institutionally impossible.
The outcome of this collaborative planning approach will be a decentralized solution that is inherently adaptive to future changing conditions, that maximizes multiple values of water, and taps diverse revenue streams. This approach is heavily dependent on place-based collaboration and results in a more durable solution that strengthens community resiliency.
Water issues are highly contextual and the appropriate tools will vary with the context. Traditional water transactions are very effective tools in certain situations. But as water issues become increasingly complex, seeking solutions by aligning the incentives of multiple partners can create the ability to optimize values, harness new sources of investment, and build in the durability and adaptability that creates community and ecological resiliency.
For more PERC Q&As, visit the series archive. Related PERC publication: Environmental Water Markets: Restoring Streams Through Trade, by Brandon Scarborough. | <urn:uuid:004b9c6b-7916-469b-af76-c17651268566> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.perc.org/2013/03/29/qa-with-kate-fitzpatrick-on-water-rights-and-conservation/ | 2024-10-13T21:03:36Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.952557 | 1,171 | 3.515625 | 4 |
When recommending OTC products for these common ailments, a careful patient assessment is an important first step.
When recommending OTC products for these common ailments, a careful patient assessment is an important first step.
Stopping the Symptoms of Cough, Cold, and Flu
Although there is no cure for the common cold, a quick scan of pharmacy shelves reveals a host of nonprescription products formulated to manage and treat its symptoms. Pharmacists are in a pivotal position to assist patients in the selection and proper use of these OTC products, and can provide patients with updates and changes regarding the products on the market.
The common cold is often considered the leading cause of physician office visits and absences from work and school. Typically, 1 billion colds occur annually, which makes colds 1 of the top 5 illnesses diagnosed in the United States. 1,2 According to the National Center of Health Statistics, an estimated 20 million days of school and 22 million days of work are lost due to the common cold each year.2
The signs and symptoms of the common cold are often confused with those of the influenza virus or other respiratory viruses. 1,2 The Table 3-5 lists the symptoms commonly associated with each condition. Although colds may occur throughout the year, the cold season in the United States typically occurs from late August through early April.
In general, patients may present with cold symptoms within 1 to 3 days after incubation.1,2 Sore throat is typically the first symptom to manifest, followed by nasal symptoms such as sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion. Patients may also experience cough by day 4 or 5.1,2 Patients may also experience fatigue and a low-grade fever; however, colds rarely present with a fever greater than 100ºF.1,2
The average duration of the common cold ranges from 7 to 14 days.1,2
Influenza season typically occurs between October and May, with the peak of the flu season occurring between late December and March. 6 In a typical year, approximately 5% to 20% of the general population gets the seasonal flu.2 Patients typically experience flu symptoms rapidly and often present with a fever, body aches, dry cough, and extreme fatigue.1,3
Finding OTC Relief
Decongestants, antihistamines, expectorants, cough suppressants, and antipyretics/analgesics can help patients manage their cold and flu symptoms. Cough, cold, and flu products are available in many dosage forms, including liquids; tablets; caplets and capsules; orally disintegrating tablets; soft chews; nasal swabs, strips, and sprays; topical vapor patches; and dissolvable medicated strips. Many of these formulations provide convenient administration, accurate dosing, and easy-to-use drug delivery systems.
Factors to consider when selecting products include the patient’s symptoms, medical conditions, allergy history, and current drug regimen, as well as lifestyle and personal preferences. Products formulated for the diabetic patient population are free of sugar, alcohol, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, sodium, fructose, glycerin, and dyes. Products for patients with hypertension, such as Coricidin HP products (Schering-Plough HealthCare), are decongestant free.
Homeopathic and alternative medications, such as echinacea, high-dose vitamin C, and zinc, are marketed as shortening the duration of and/or preventing the common cold. Patients with medical conditions and those taking any other medications should always discuss the use of these products with their primary health care provider.
Colds and Kids
The proper use of OTC cold products in pediatric patients has been a topic of debate for many years. Currently, the FDA does not recommended the use of these products in patients younger than 2 years.1,7 Manufacturers have voluntarily updated their product labels to include this statement: “Do not use this product in children under the age of 4 years.” 1,7 Warnings are also included against the use of antihistamine-containing products for sedation purposes.1,7
Due to concerns about inaccurate dosing, the FDA released new guidelines for liquid nonprescription drugs in May 2011. The key recommendations include 1,8 :
1. Dosage delivery devices should be included for all orally ingested OTC liquid drug products.
2. Measuring devices should be marked with calibrated units of liquid measurement (eg, teaspoon, tablespoon, or milliliter) that are the same as the units of liquid measure specified in the directions for the product, and there should not be any unnecessary markings on the device.
3. Manufacturers should ensure that dosage delivery devices are used only with the products with which they are packaged.
4. Liquid measure markings on dosage delivery devices should be clearly visible and not obscured when the liquid product is added to the device.
Choosing a Decongestant
Decongestants are used to treat sinus and nasal congestion and are indicated for the temporary relief of nasal and Eustachian tube congestion and cough associated with post-nasal drip. 1 Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are common ingredients in systemic OTC decongestants. Both pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine have short half-lives, and peak concentrations for both agents occur 0.5 to 2 hours after oral administration.1
Common adverse effects associated with the use of oral decongestants include insomnia, restlessness, anxiety, nervousness, palpitations, and tachycardia.1 The use of decongestants may exacerbate certain medical conditions that are sensitive to adrenergic stimulation (ie, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, prostatic hypertrophy, and elevated intraocular pressure). 1 Patients currently on medication or those with medical conditions should be advised to consult with their primary health care provider before using any of these products. 1
Some decongestant products are combined with an antihistamine. Because antihistamines and decongestants interact with several medications and are contraindicated in various patient populations, pharmacists should screen for possible drug interactions or contraindications prior to recommending these products. For example, decongestants and antihistamines are contraindicated in those patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors. 1
OTC intranasal decongestants include short-acting ingredients such as ephedrine, epinephrine, levmetamfetamine, naphazoline, phenyleprhine, tetrahydrozoline, and long-acting decongestants such as oxymetazoline. 1 Patients should be reminded that the overuse of topical decongestants is associated with rhinitis medicamentosa (rebound congestion), and their use should be limited to 3 to 5 days. 1
Systemic analgesics are used for relief of pain, headache, and fever associated with the common cold and the flu. Caution should be used in patients with a history of gastrointestinal (GI) upset, renal or hepatic impairment, and those taking pharmacologic agents with known interactions with these agents. 1 Because many combination products contain analgesics such as aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen, patients should be advised to always check the ingredients of cold medications to avoid therapeutic duplications, unnecessary drug use, possible drug—drug interactions, or contraindications.
An April 2011 report from the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research found that due to different concentrations of liquid acetaminophen products, there was confusion that could lead to overdosing. 9 In an effort to avoid dosing errors, manufacturers of liquid acetaminophen products voluntarily changed nonprescription liquid acetaminophen formulations to 1 concentration of 160 mg/5 mL for all children younger than 12 years. 1,9 Concentrated infant drops (80 mg/0.8 mL; 80 mg/mL) began to be phased out in mid- 2011. 1,9 The less-concentrated 160-mg/5 mL liquid acetaminophen products for infants contain new dosing instructions and new dosing devices in the boxes.
Despite their discontinuation, some of the more concentrated infant products may still be in some homes or in distribution. For this reason, the FDA issued a warning to parents/caregivers to avoid potential dosing errors. 9,10 On December 22, 2011, the FDA released a consumer update urging parents to carefully read the labels of liquid acetaminophen marketed for infants to avoid administering the incorrect dose. 8-10
Oral antitussives, expectorants, and topical antitussives are indicated for the treatment and management of cough. These products are available as syrups, capsules, tablets, granules, medicated thin strips, liquid-filled capsules, topical creams, ointments, lozenges, vapor inhalants, and patches that contain the antitussive products camphor and menthol. 11
Guaifenesin is the only FDA-approved expectorant and is indicated for the symptomatic relief of acute ineffective productive cough. 10 Although the use of guaifenesin is not associated with any drug—drug interactions and is generally well tolerated, patients may report adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, and GI upset. 11 FDA-approved nonprescription oral antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan, and diphenhydramine. 11 At antitussive dosages, codeine is classified as a Schedule C-V narcotic and is available without a prescription in 33 states. 11 Codeine is indicated for the suppression of nonproductive cough caused by chemical or mechanical respiratory tract irritation. 11
Codeine acts centrally on the medulla to increase the cough threshold, and when used at antitussive doses, it has low toxicity and little risk of addiction. 11
The majority of nonprescription cough suppressants contain dextromethorphan, which is indicated for the suppression of nonproductive cough caused by chemical or mechanical respiratory tract irritation. 11 Nausea, vomiting, GI discomfort, dizziness, and constipation are the most common adverse effects associated with the use of dextromethorphan. 11
Diphenhydramine is classified as a nonselective first-generation antihistamine with significant sedating and anticholinergic properties. 11 It acts centrally in the medulla to increase cough threshold. 11 Diphenhydramine is indicated for the suppression of nonproductive cough caused by chemical or mechanical respiratory tract irritation.
Camphor and menthol are the only 2 FDA-approved topical antitussives. 11
Prior to recommending any of these products, pharmacists should always screen for potential allergy sensitivities, drug— drug interactions, and possible contraindications. To prevent medication errors, patients should always be reminded to read labels prior to administration, review ingredients to avoid therapeutic duplications, and always check the expiration dates prior to administration. Patients should be reminded to adhere to the recommended dosages, administration guidelines, and duration of use.
When administering these products to pediatric patients, parents/caregivers should be reminded to always use calibrated measuring devices when administering liquids and read all labels carefully prior to administering. Parents/caregivers should only give children those products manufactured specifically for the pediatric population, and should always consult their pediatrician or pharmacist when in doubt regarding the appropriateness or dose of the medication.
Pharmacists can also stress the importance of nonpharmacologic measures when treating cough, cold, and the flu, especially among the pediatric patient population. Vaporizers or humidifiers, saline nasal sprays such as Little Noses Saline Mist for children or Ocean Nasal Spray, or nonmedicated Breathe Right strips can help relieve symptoms. Obtaining adequate hydration and rest is also important.
Patients should be encouraged to seek medical attention from their primary health care provider if symptoms appear to worsen or linger, or if they experience high fever or signs of infection.
Patients should be reminded to get their annual flu vaccine and should be prompted to take preventive measures for potentially decreasing or preventing transmission, such as routine hand-washing, use of hand sanitizers when soap and water are not available, avoiding direct contact with an individual with a cold or the flu, and always sneezing or coughing into a tissue and not into the hand. PT
1. Scolaro K. Disorders related to colds and allergy. In: Krinsky D, Berardi R, Ferreri S, et al, eds. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2011:1710-1810.
2. Common cold. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases website. www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/commonCold. Accessed December 28, 2011.
3. Flu season. FluFACTS website. www.flufacts.com/about/season.aspx. Accessed December 28, 2011.
4. Is it a cold or the flu? National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease website. www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/flu/documents/sick.pdf. Accessed December 21 , 2011.
5. Cold and flu: what’s the difference? Tylenol product website. www.tylenol.com/page.jhtml?id=tylenol/cold/subfdiff.inc. Accessed December 27, 2011.
6. Flu symptoms. Tamiflu website. www.tamiflu.com/about/pc_flu.jsp. Accessed December 28, 2011.
7. An important FDA reminder for parents: do not give infants cough and cold products designed for older children. FDA website. www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/SpecialFeatures/ucm263948.htm. Accessed December 28, 2011.
8. FDA issues final guidance for liquid OTC drug products with dispensing devices. FDA website. www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm254029.htm. Accessed December 28, 2011.
9. Know concentration before giving APAP to infants. FDA website. www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm284563.htm. Accessed December 28, 2011.
10. New infant’s liquid APAP products hit store shelves. American Academy of Family Physicians website. www.aafp.org/online/en/home/publications/news/news-now/health-of-the-public/20111223infantacetamin.html. Accessed December 28, 2011.
11. Tietze K. Cough. In: Krinsky D, Berardi R, Ferreri S, et al, eds. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2011:205-216.
Ms. Terrie is a clinical pharmacy writer based in Haymarket, Virginia. | <urn:uuid:b8fc848f-bc6f-435a-ad60-ad96962f525e> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/stopping-the-symptoms-of-cough-cold-and-flu | 2024-10-13T21:00:08Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.909271 | 3,133 | 3.265625 | 3 |
May is Asian Pacific American Heritage Month! It is an important reminder to celebrate the diversity and strength of Asian, Asian American (A/AA), Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (NH/PI) communities. A/AA and NH/PI communities are the fastest-growing racial groups in the United States. Within these communities, there are a wide variety of cultures, experiences, rich histories, and languages. The A/AA community includes people from more than 20 countries in East and Southeast Asian and the Indian subcontinent. The NH/PI community has origins throughout the Pacific region, also referred to as Oceania, which is a geographically widespread region populated by people of diverse cultures and ethnicities (e.g., 14 countries and a sea of islands grouped into four geopolitical sub-regions: Australia and New Zealand; Melanesia; Micronesia; and Polynesia). Despite their heterogeneity, these populations are often aggregated into one racial category, masking meaningful differences in health and social barriers to care between these subgroups.
Community health centers have been an integral part of providing culturally and linguistically appropriate care to A/AA and NH/PI as well as other communities of color. According to the Health Center Program Uniform Data System (UDS) 2020 data, nearly 1 in 4 health center patients are best served in a language other than English.
In response to the need for linguistically responsive care, the Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patients’ Assets, Risks, and Experiences (PRAPARE) team translated the assessment tool. The PRAPARE assessment tool supports health centers and other providers to collect and apply the data they need to better understand their patients’ social drivers of health, transform care to meet the needs of their patients, and ultimately improve health outcomes and reduce the total cost of care. The assessment tool is translated into 25+ languages. There are translations available in AA and PI languages, including Arabic, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Chuukese, Dari, Hindi, Karen, Karenni, Khmer, Korean, Lao, Marshallese, Nepali, Pashto, Tagalog, Tongan, Uzbek, and Vietnamese. Additional translation requests have been made by health centers and future AA languages will include Hakha, Hmong, and Urdu.
To use the tool, providers ask a set of questions centered on personal characteristics, family and home, money and resources, and social and emotional health. As these are sensitive questions that patients may hesitate in responding to, developing a workflow and working with a team that is culturally and linguistically responsive are essential for whole-person care.
The PRAPARE tool ensures that the patient is at the center of care. This is especially important when considering the health disparities and barriers to care that communities of color face. During the COVID-19 pandemic, AAPCHO found that 45% of A/AA patients surveyed put off getting health care because they couldn’t take time off work. For the NH/PI population, particularly in Arkansas, NH/PI communities had their salaries dramatically reduced during the pandemic and had low health insurance rates. The PRAPARE assessment tool captures data that provides a deeper understanding of the patient experience and highlights the social needs of communities of color. As more providers adopt PRAPARE and use the assessment tool, there will be more disaggregated data and progress towards health equity.
If you have any concerns and/or questions about the PRAPARE assessment tool, please contact the PRAPARE team. You can also join us every third Monday at the Tiger Team workgroup to ask questions live and provide feedback.
If you would like to request any accommodations, please email [email protected] and the PRAPARE team will do its best to provide reasonable accommodations.
For more information on the PRAPARE assessment tool, visit our website:
- PRAPARE Implementation and Action Toolkit
- Methodology for Translation of PRAPARE into Non-English Languages (April 2019)
For more information on cultural and linguistic competency, check out these resources:
- National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health and Health Care
- Practicing Cultural Humility
- Language Access at Community Health Centers
Authors: Kristine Alarcon, Albert Ayson, Jr., Beverly Quintana, and Rosy Chang Weir | Association for Asian Pacific Community Health Organizations (AAPCHO)
Questions? Email the PRAPARE team | <urn:uuid:29b3e05c-9f92-4d64-adad-3aceac695f8b> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.prapare.acutadigital.com/providing-culturally-and-linguistically-responsive-whole-person-care-with-prapare/ | 2024-10-13T20:57:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.93409 | 934 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Two thirds of children are doing household chores in order to earn their pocket money, according to new research from Halifax.
It shows that 65% of youngsters aged between eight and 15 are working for their money by doing a number of simple household tasks.
This is having a positive impact on their understanding of finances too, as awareness of the value of money is improving.
Helping out around the house
Keeping their bedroom tidy was the most common task for children to undertake, with 42% of them doing so in order to earn their pocket money.
A quarter of children help with the washing up, while a number of tasks were left to parents – only 3% of children do some ironing while only 4% help with making dinner.
More girls than boys tended to get pocket money for helping out at home, with 45% (girls) compared to 39% (boys) getting money for keeping their room clean and tidy.
It was a similar situation for washing and cleaning tasks too, while children entering their teens were most likely to have to complete tasks to receive money.
Three quarters of 13-year olds had to earn their extra finances, compared to 65% of ten and eleven-year olds.
Nearly two thirds of all of the children surveyed understood that their parents had to earn money by working – an increase of 4% from a year ago.
Meanwhile 88% of the youngsters understood that their parents went out to work – even 81% of eight-year olds understood this to be the case.
This showcases an increasing awareness of finances, a factor also recognised by parents in the study as 64% of them believed their child understood the value of money.
More than four in five parents was confidence they would be able to teach their children about finances too, sufficiently preparing them for the future.
Introducing pocket money in plastic form
Given the increasing number of children who understand money, one option for parents of those in their teens could be a youth prepaid card.
This could help to increase their understanding of finances, while a number of controls are still in place which mean parents retain control.
Children can access ATMs across the world with a card, while they can also access online stores and music downloads.
Parents can track where any money is spent and it enables a way of understanding how money works without the threat of debt – only cash on the card can be spent and there is no overdraft facility.
Such an option boosts a child’s independence, while ensuring they remain safe from fraudulent activity and any financial issues. | <urn:uuid:99096c89-3a8c-4faf-aa93-788ab4e5a3bb> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.prepaid365.com/2014/10/12159/kids-working-harder-earn-pocket-money/ | 2024-10-13T19:54:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.983872 | 519 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Hormone replacement therapy: update and practical prescribing
Menopause is a physiological event of ovarian failure due to a loss of ovarian follicular activity. This leads to a lack of oestrogen, resulting in the cessation of menstruation and loss of reproductive function. This article discusses the symptoms of menopause and treatment with hormone replacement therapy. This includes practical prescribing, side effects and long term benefits and risks. The current shortages of hormone replacement therapy are also addressed. The aim of this article is to enable healthcare professionals to define menopause and gain an understanding of the symptoms associated with it. After reading this article you should be able to: describe when peri-menopause and menopause occur, describe the common symptoms that may be experienced during peri-menopause and menopause, understand of the hormones used in hormone replacement therapy, and understand the practical prescribing of hormone replacement therapy and the benefits, risks, contraindications and side-effects.
Perimenopause and menopause are not a disease or disorder but a natural change that occurs at midlife, and a normal part of the aging process (Banks, 2019). The average age of menopause in the UK is 51, although symptoms usually start prior to this, around the age of 47-48 (Bagness and Holloway, 2015). This time is called the perimenopause. This is defined as the time when a woman has irregular cycles of ovulation and menstruation leading up to menopause and continuing until 12 months after her final period (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2015). Menopause is defined as a biological stage in a woman’s life that occurs when she stops menstruating and reaches the end of her natural reproductive life (NICE, 2015). Usually, it is defined as having occurred when a woman has not had a period for 12 consecutive months (for women reaching menopause naturally). The changes associated with menopause occur when the ovaries stop maturing eggs and secreting oestrogen and progesterone (NICE, 2015). These definitions are medical in nature and it is important to remember that ‘menopause is a major clinical event that is universally experienced by women, but affects each individual woman uniquely’ (Andany et al, 2016).
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New content and clinical newsletter updates each month | <urn:uuid:ba3adafc-1f7c-426a-a8e3-87bd18ccc241> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.prescribingpractice.com/content/pharmacology/hormone-replacement-therapy-update-and-practical-prescribing | 2024-10-13T19:28:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.927487 | 545 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Ransomware remains one of the most insidious and damaging forms of malware. Among the latest variants to emerge is DKQ Ransomware, a malicious software designed to encrypt files on a victim’s computer, making them inaccessible until a ransom is paid. This article delves into the intricacies of DKQ Ransomware, its actions, consequences, and offers a comprehensive guide to remove it and prevent future infections.
What is DKQ Ransomware?
DKQ Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files on the infected computer and demands a ransom from the victim to restore access to the data. This ransomware typically infiltrates a system through phishing emails, malicious downloads, or exploit kits that leverage vulnerabilities in software or operating systems. Once inside, DKQ Ransomware employs sophisticated encryption algorithms to lock up critical files, rendering them useless to the user.
Actions and Consequences of DKQ Ransomware
Upon successful infiltration, DKQ Ransomware performs the following actions:
- File Encryption: The primary function of DKQ Ransomware is to encrypt files using strong encryption algorithms. It targets a wide range of file types, including documents, images, videos, and databases.
- Ransom Note: After encryption, it leaves a ransom note in each affected directory, providing instructions on how to pay the ransom in exchange for the decryption key.
- Extortion: The ransom note typically demands payment in cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, to ensure the anonymity of the attackers. Victims are often given a deadline to pay the ransom, threatening the permanent loss of data if the payment is not made.
The consequences of a DKQ Ransomware attack can be severe:
- Data Loss: Without backups, victims risk losing important data permanently.
- Financial Loss: Paying the ransom can be expensive, and there is no guarantee that the attackers will provide the decryption key even after payment.
- Operational Disruption: Businesses can face significant downtime, leading to loss of productivity and revenue.
- Reputation Damage: A ransomware attack can harm an organization’s reputation, leading to loss of trust among customers and partners.
Text of the DKQ Ransomware Ransom Note
The ransom note delivered by the Dkq Ransomware reads:
‘All your files have been encrypted!
Don’t worry, you can return all your files!
If you want to restore them, write to the mail: [email protected] YOUR ID 9ECFA84E
If you have not answered by mail within 12 hours, write to us by another mail:[email protected]
Free decryption as guarantee
Before paying you can send us up to 3 files for free decryption. The total size of files must be less than 3Mb (non archived), and files should not contain valuable information. (databases,backups, large excel sheets, etc.)
How to obtain Bitcoins
Also you can find other places to buy Bitcoins and beginners guide here:
Do not rename encrypted files.
Do not try to decrypt your data using third party software, it may cause permanent data loss.
Decryption of your files with the help of third parties may cause increased price (they add their fee to our) or you can become a victim of a scam.
The message contained in the text file of Dkq Ransomware is:
all your data has been locked us
You want to return?
write email [email protected] or [email protected]’
Detection Names for DKQ Ransomware
DKQ Ransomware can be identified by various names depending on the security software used. Some common detection names include:
DKQ Ransomware is part of a broader family of ransomware threats. Similar ransomware variants include:
- Ryuk Ransomware: Known for targeting large enterprises and demanding high ransoms.
- Sodinokibi (REvil) Ransomware: A notorious variant known for its aggressive tactics and large-scale attacks.
- LockBit Ransomware: Recognized for its rapid encryption speed and ability to spread across networks.
Comprehensive Removal Guide for DKQ Ransomware
Step 1: Isolate the Infected System
Immediately disconnect the infected system from the network to prevent the ransomware from spreading to other devices.
Step 2: Boot into Safe Mode
Restart the computer and boot into Safe Mode to prevent the ransomware from running automatically:
- Restart the computer.
- Press and hold the F8 key before the Windows logo appears.
- Select “Safe Mode with Networking” from the Advanced Boot Options menu.
Step 3: Identify and Terminate Malicious Processes
Open the Task Manager by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Esc
. Look for suspicious processes related to DKQ Ransomware and terminate them.
Step 4: Delete Temporary Files
Use the Disk Cleanup utility to remove temporary files that may contain ransomware components:
Windows + R
to open the Run dialog. - Type
and press Enter. - Select the drive you want to clean and click OK.
- Check all boxes and click OK to delete the temporary files.
Step 5: Remove DKQ Ransomware Files and Registry Entries
- Remove Files: Navigate to the following directories and delete any suspicious files:
- Remove Registry Entries: Open the Registry Editor by typing
in the Run dialog. Navigate to the following keys and delete any suspicious entries:HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
Step 6: Restore Encrypted Files from Backup
If you have a backup of your files, restore them after ensuring that the ransomware is completely removed. If no backup is available, consider using data recovery software, although success is not guaranteed.
Best Practices for Preventing Future Infections
- Regular Backups: Maintain regular backups of important files and store them offline or in a secure cloud service.
- Update Software: Keep your operating system, antivirus software, and all applications updated to patch vulnerabilities.
- Email Security: Be cautious with email attachments and links. Verify the sender’s authenticity before opening any attachments.
- Use Strong Passwords: Implement strong, unique passwords for all accounts and enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) where possible.
- Network Security: Use firewalls and intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor and protect your network.
- Employee Training: Educate employees about cybersecurity best practices and how to recognize phishing attempts and other social engineering tactics.
DKQ Ransomware is a formidable cyber threat that can cause significant damage to individuals and organizations. By understanding its actions and consequences, implementing a thorough removal process, and adopting best practices for prevention, you can mitigate the risks associated with this ransomware and protect your digital assets. | <urn:uuid:2d82d3b3-dc64-4e43-bb5f-ca8dfcab4776> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.rivitmedia.com/cyberthreats/ransomware/dkq-ransomware/ | 2024-10-13T20:36:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.857249 | 1,427 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Games & Puzzles Worksheet : Reptiles Crossword Puzzle
Reptiles Crossword Puzzle for kids. This animals crossword puzzle covers names of few reptiles. Can you spot Turtle, Alligator, Crocodile, Snake, Lizard, and Tortoise in this animal names corssword puzzle? Vocabulary and word games for kindergarten and first graders. In this collection of reptiles animal crossword puzzles, kids will develop logical skills and their vocabulary (spellings).
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden animal names. | <urn:uuid:be27c471-c090-4265-a144-95cdacd81895> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.schoolmykids.com/worksheet/reptiles-crossword-puzzle-w7001468 | 2024-10-13T20:34:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.834276 | 113 | 3.15625 | 3 |
On this coming Nineteenth Sunday after Pentecost, we will hear Jesus tell a parable story of a widow seeking justice from an unjust judge. Her persistence in seeking her cause was held up by Jesus as an example of how his followers should constantly seek relationship with God, who is always just and merciful. We will explore the topic of "persistent prayer" and reflect how regular prayer brings us into relationship with God and shapes our lives in Christ.
Our Scripture passage is found in the Gospel according to Luke. You may find the Scripture lesson by selecting the following link: (Luke 18:1-8).
For continuing study, reflect on these questions (found in the study guide below):
Read the assigned Scripture passage for this week. Jesus tells his followers to "pray always and not lose heart." As you listen to the lesson and reflect on what Jesus' followers were experiencing, why do you think they might lose heart? How we might also lose heart, and how does prayer help us?
Read the "WHAT..." paragraph in the guide below and reflect on the following question: what would your reaction have been to Jesus' story of the widow and her persistence; how does her faithfulness give you hope and courage in your life?
Read the "WHERE..." paragraph below, and reflect on the many words of advice Jesus is sharing with his followers (prayer, persistence, courage, hope, etc.) and consider what might be the most important message from Jesus in your life.
Read the "SO WHAT..." paragraph below and reflect on the author's words that prayer is not always immediately answered in ways we might imagine - reflect on these questions: what is the function of prayer? How does persistence in prayer relate to working for justice and peace?
Read the "NOW WHAT..." paragraph below and reflect on the love and grace from God we receive, but do not recognize immediately. | <urn:uuid:56df7b09-606a-4e10-b64c-d7d517632f5f> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.stfrancisholden.org/post/luke-18-1-8-sunday-scripture-reflection | 2024-10-13T20:41:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.964748 | 385 | 2.5625 | 3 |
What is Raid?
WHAT IS RAID?
For those who are curious about whether there is a technological product that provides more secure storage for large-scale data than a hard disk, the question of what RAID is becomes quite important. Furthermore, those who encounter issues regarding the scalability of hard drives can find solutions to all their problems in the continuation of this article.
RAID is a data storage and virtualization technology. To have an understanding of virtualization, we recommend reading our article titled ‘Virtualization Solutions’. However, RAID has some differences that set it apart from other virtualization technologies. It provides multiple disk drive components for data backup and performance improvement. It also has the ability to combine with more logical units. Due to these features, the use of this technology is quite widespread today.
Data is distributed to the drives through several paths in accordance with backup and performance measures. These paths are referred to as RAID levels. RAID follows a numbering scheme for these RAID levels, such as RAID 0, RAID 1. Through these RAID levels, the risk of irretrievable read errors on physical drives is minimized.
It is especially needed in situations that require speed. This is because hard drives are crucial for the fast operation of systems. Although the Windows operating system offers many tools for speed optimization, they often fall short. This is due to the fact that each hard drive has a performance capacity and it is not possible for them to exceed their potentials. However, when multiple disks are integrated simultaneously, performance issues can be resolved.
In summary, to increase performance in systems, multiple disks are often brought together. RAID consolidates all these disks in the arrays and achieves a high storage capacity.
What are RAID Levels?
RAID technology has certain levels in its working principle. These levels vary depending on the determination of system factors such as performance and storage space. It is possible to list the most well-known RAID levels.
RAID 0 (Stripe Set): It is a RAID level that requires the use of at least 2 disks. It also has the capacity to operate with up to 32 disks.
RAID 1 (Mirror): 2 disks are used. While the data is written to one disk, the copies are processed to the other disk. The read speed is quite good. However, the write speed is lower compared to the read speed.
RAID 10: At least 4 disks are used. It can operate with up to 32 disks, similar to RAID 0.
Source: What is RAID? | <urn:uuid:8ceb6d72-a6eb-41f0-815d-6b488562b2d5> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.sunucuteknik.com/en/what-is-raid/ | 2024-10-13T20:29:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.964688 | 517 | 3.421875 | 3 |
04/07/20 Dark matter decoys The ADMX experiment trains scientists to deal with real signals—by creating fake ones.
02/11/20 What we know about dark matter Although scientists have yet to find the spooky stuff, they aren’t completely in the dark.
01/21/20 The other dark matter candidate As technology improves, scientists discover new ways to search for theorized dark matter particles called axions.
01/07/20 Vera Rubin, giant of astronomy The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will be named for an influential astronomer who left the field better than she found it.
09/30/19 A day in the life of a cosmic-ray ‘bookkeeper’ Early-career physicist Jonathan LeyVa is helping to build one of the world’s most sensitive dark matter detectors.
08/13/19 Testing DAMA An Italian experiment has a 20-year signal of what could be dark matter—and scientists are embarking on their most promising efforts yet to confirm or refute its results.
07/18/19 A day in the life of a dark matter data wrangler Maria Elena Monzani prepares an international team to search for clues to one of the biggest scientific mysteries.
06/10/19 Berkeley leans into search for light dark matter Dark matter could be much lower in mass and slighter in energy than previously thought.
04/18/19 What gravitational waves can say about dark matter Scientists think that, under some circumstances, dark matter could generate powerful enough gravitational waves for equipment like LIGO to detect.
04/09/19 All hands on deck Some theorists have taken to designing their own experiments to broaden the search for dark matter.
03/05/19 A tiny new experiment at the LHC The story of the latest experiment approved for installation at the Large Hadron Collider starts with a theorist and a question about dark matter.
10/16/18 Looking for dark matter using quantum technology Fermilab scientists are harnessing quantum technology in the search for dark matter.
09/20/18 Dark matter vibes SuperCDMS physicists are testing a way to amp up dark matter vibrations to help them search for lighter particles.
05/07/18 Construction begins on SuperCDMS SNOLAB The SuperCDMS SNOLAB project is expanding the hunt for dark matter to particles with properties not accessible to any other experiment.
04/09/18 ADMX brings new excitement to dark matter search Scientists on the Axion Dark Matter Experiment have demonstrated technology that could lead to the discovery of theoretical light dark matter particles called axions. | <urn:uuid:cd215299-a0ad-4af4-93d7-274494984638> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/archive?topic=3362 | 2024-10-13T19:38:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.894351 | 537 | 2.75 | 3 |
Minnesota is a proper noun. Minnesota is (1) a midwestern state.
The following articles provide more information about the proper noun Minnesota.
- State of Minnesota
The capital city of Minnesota is St. Paul. Learn about the Minnesota state government's agencies, services, and operations. Read about living and working in the North Star State, and find Minnesota travel and tourism information.
- Minnesota Map
Minnesota is the 14th largest state in the USA, bordered by Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, Lake Superior, and the Canadian Provinces of Ontario and Manitoba. This site includes several maps of Minnesota.
- Minnesota Real Estate Guide
Learn about urban, rural, and suburban real estate markets in Minnesota. Real estate agents, buyers, and sellers will appreciate the Minnesota real estate resources on this page.
- Minnesota Atlas
Minnesota state history, geography, and travel information are the subjects of this Minnesota atlas page.
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
UM is the Land-Grant University for the State of Minnesota. It is also a major research institution. It was founded in 1851 and has four campuses, the Twin Cities being the largest. There are over 51,000 students. UM plays in The Big Ten and in NCAA Division I sports. One of its more prominent Institutes is the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs.
- Minnesota National Parks
This National Park directory page lists National Parks, Historic Landmarks, and Natural Landmarks in the State of Minnesota. An interactive Minnesota map, plus photos and highlights, are included thereon.
- City of Minneapolis, Minnesota
Learn about Minneapolis city government operations and departments at the official City of Minneapolis web site. Find a variety of services for Minneapolis residents, businesses, and visitors.
- Iowa Map
Iowa is the 23rd largest state in the United States, bordered by Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, South Dakota, and Nebraska. Visit this site to learn more, and find printable maps of Iowa.
- North Dakota Map
North Dakota is the 17th largest USA state, bordered by South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, and the Canadian Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Visit this site to find printable maps of North Dakota.
- South Dakota Map
South Dakota is the 16th largest USA state, bordered by North Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, Montana, and Wyoming. Visit this site to learn more about South Dakota and find printable maps of the state.
- Wisconsin Map
Wisconsin is the 25th largest USA state, bounded by Lake Superior to the north, Illinois to the south, Minnesota and Iowa to the west, and Lake Michigan and the state of Michigan to the east.
- Mayo Clinic
The Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit medical practice dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of virtually every type of illness. Their three locations are in Minnesota, Florida, and Arizona. Users of the website can find information about diseases and lifestyle, the medical services provided by Mayo Clinics, and explore their educational and research activities, including clinical trials.
Target opened its first store in 1962 in Roseville, Minnesota. Today there are approximately 1500 stores in 47 states, including 175 super stores that have grocery departments. Target.com provides online shopping for clothing, home, bed and bath, college, kitchen, furniture, toys, electronics and more. The website also features weekly specials and new items.
- Star Tribune
The Star Tribune is the largest newspaper in Minnesota. The publication was formed from a merger between the Minneapolis Star and the Minneapolis Tribune. The company was founded in 1867. The Star Tribune is a daily newspaper published for the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area with another version available statewide.
The following articles provide recent Minnesota-related news.
The following digital image illustrates the proper noun Minnesota.
Copyright © 2012-2024 TagWeb.org.
All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:6f9280f3-0157-4919-aacd-18fe90c0f25d> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.tagweb.org/minnesota.htm | 2024-10-13T20:47:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.902757 | 803 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Here’s all you need to know about Flurona
Amid the increasing Omicron cases worldwide a double infection Flurona cases have also been reported in several regions.
WHAT IS IT?
Flurona is not a new Covid-19 variant but it is a casual term which is now being used to describe a double infection in which the patient gets infected from both flu and Covid-19.It is a combination of words ‘flu’ and ‘corona’.
This new term emerged after its first case was reported in Israel in a women. She was reported to have been infected by Influenza A and SARS CoV 2 virus .Another case of this double infection was confirmed in a child in Texas.
According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , several cases have been reported in and around U.S. ,California, Texas. Cases have also been confirmed in Brazil and Hungary as well. A first case in Los Angeles has also been detected. In U.S. ,there is an increase in the number of people being infected with the Influenza virus since December.
HOW DOES IT SPREADS?
As per the health experts , Flurona can spread through droplets or by coming in contact with an infected person when he breathes, coughs or sneezes .The infection can also occur by coming in contact with infected surfaces.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO ),Covid-19 and flu have similar symptoms. Some symptoms have been listed below
2. Runny nose
3. Fever and chills
4. Difficulty in breathing
HOW IS IT TREATED?
The health experts believe that vaccines will be effective against this double infection. Although there is no specific treatment for this co-infection. Covid-19 and flu both are contagious respiratory issues and have specific treatments. Children are likely to be infected more with this co- infection .Doctors believe it to be a quite severe health concern.
If you have any of the above symptoms which persist for more than 48 hours, you can get yourself a PVR test done soon.
HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM IT?
It is better to follow some precautions to make sure you and your family are safe.
- Follow social distancing guidelines
- Wear masks
- Follow healthy hygiene habits
- Get yourself vaccinated | <urn:uuid:e9752da6-1576-4a92-a681-152d5e78157f> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.thetechoutlook.com/featured/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-flurona/ | 2024-10-13T20:02:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.964615 | 491 | 2.96875 | 3 |
What is optimization in business calculus?
The process of finding maxima or minima is called optimization. The function we’re optimizing is called the objective function (or objective equation). Look at the garden store example; the cost function is the objective function. In many cases, there are two (or more) variables in the problem.
How do you do optimization in calculus?
- Draw a picture of the physical situation.
- Write an equation that relates the quantity you want to optimize in terms of the relevant variables.
- If necessary, use other given information to rewrite your equation in terms of a single variable.
Why matrix calculus is useful in Optimisation?
With the help of a Matrix Calculus, gradients and derivatives of higher order can be evaluated very efficiently, which leads to an acceleration of the optimization algorithms.
Why matrix calculus is useful in optimization?
What are the steps involved in optimization?
5 Steps for Process Optimisation
- Identify/map it out. To know what you have to improve, you first must identify the places for improvement.
- Rethink. Business process optimisation can be achieved through the usage of existing resources.
- Analyse. Plan the “to be” process.
What is the first stage of the optimization process in calculus?
The first does not involve Calculus at all; the second is identical to what you did for max/min problems. Stage I: Develop the function. Your first job is to develop a function that represents the quantity you want to optimize. It can depend on only one variable.
How to solve optimization problems?
Here’s a key thing to know about how to solve Optimization problems: you’ll almost always have to use detailed information given in the problem to rewrite the equation you developed in Step 2 to be in terms of one single variable. Above, for instance, our equation for has two variables, r and h. We must eliminate one of them in order to proceed.
What is Business Calculus?
Business Calculus is traditional calculus applied to business scenarios and situations. Calculus is one of the most useful mathetmatical techniques that generally calculate change.
What is the process of finding maxima or minima called?
The process of finding maxima or minima is called optimization. The function we’re optimizing is called the objective function (or objective equation ). The objective function can be recognized by its proximity to est words (greatest, least, highest, farthest, most, …). | <urn:uuid:285a1688-357e-4234-9122-e59928c38d24> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.titcoins.biz/advice/what-is-optimization-in-business-calculus/ | 2024-10-13T19:50:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.918434 | 522 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Flowering Plants to Beautify Your Garden
Flowering plants are a magnificent addition to any garden, bringing vibrant colors, alluring fragrances, and a sense of tranquility to outdoor spaces. Whether you're an experienced gardener or a novice, selecting the right flowering plants can make a significant difference in your garden. This article will explore the ten best flowering plants renowned for their beauty, resilience, and ease of cultivation.
Roses (Rosa spp.)Roses have captivated gardeners for centuries with their timeless beauty and intoxicating scent. They come in various colors, sizes, and shapes, making them versatile for any garden style. From classic hybrid tea roses to more rustic shrub varieties, there's a rose for every preference. Plant them in well-draining soil with ample sunlight, and remember to prune them regularly to encourage healthy growth and abundant blooms.
Tulips (Tulipa spp.)
Tulips are the harbingers of spring, announcing the end of winter with their vibrant and elegant blooms. These bulbs are available in an astonishing array of colors to create stunning displays in your garden—plant tulip bulbs in the fall in an area with well-draining soil and partial to full sunlight. Remember to allow the foliage to die naturally after flowering to ensure successful reblooming next season.
Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus)
Sunflowers symbolize sunshine and joy, bringing any garden a cheerful and radiant atmosphere. These towering beauties are known for their large, golden-yellow blooms and are relatively easy to grow. Choose a spot with well-draining soil, and be amazed by how these plants can quickly reach impressive heights. Sunflowers also attract pollinators, making them beneficial for the overall health of your garden ecosystem.
Lavender (Lavandula spp.)
Lavender is beloved for its soothing fragrance and delicate purple blooms. This perennial herb not only adds a touch of elegance to your garden but also has various practical uses, from aromatherapy to culinary applications. Lavender thrives in well-draining soil and full sunlight, making it an excellent choice for Mediterranean-style gardens. Regular pruning will help maintain its shape and encourage continuous blooming.
Peonies (Paeonia spp.)
With their large, lush blooms and enchanting fragrance, peonies are a favorite among garden enthusiasts. These plants come in various colors, from delicate pastels to bold, vibrant hues. While they can take a few years to establish, the reward of their stunning flowers is well worth the wait.
Daffodils (Narcissus spp.)Daffodils, also known as narcissus, herald the arrival of spring with their cheerful, trumpet-shaped blooms. These hardy bulbs are available in various sizes and colors, including shades of yellow, white, and orange. Plant daffodils in the fall, ensuring they receive adequate sunlight and well-draining soil. They are relatively low-maintenance and can naturalize over time, creating a breathtaking carpet of flowers.
Orchids are elegant and sophisticated, known for their intricate and exotic blooms. While some orchid varieties can be challenging to cultivate, others, like the Phalaenopsis (moth orchid), are more beginner-friendly. Orchids typically thrive in well-draining potting mixtures with indirect light and high humidity. Their unique and captivating flowers make them a fascinating addition to any indoor garden.
Geraniums (Pelargonium spp.)
Geraniums are popular flowering plants known for their vibrant colors and versatility. Whether grown in pots, hanging baskets, or garden beds, geraniums offer blooms throughout the growing season. With proper maintenance, they can reward you with an abundance of flowers this fall.
Hibiscus (Hibiscus spp.)
Hibiscus plants are celebrated for striking trumpet-shaped blooms in various colors, including red, pink, orange, and white. These tropical beauties thrive in warm climates and can be grown as shrubs. Please provide them with well-draining soil, ample sunlight, and regular watering. Hibiscus flowers are not only visually stunning but can also attract butterflies to your garden.
Daylilies (Hemerocallis spp.) Are Most Liked
Daylilies are known for their stunning and diverse blooms, which often last only one day but are produced in abundance. These hardy perennials come in various sizes, colors, and forms, allowing you to create captivating displays. Plant daylilies in well-draining soil and provide them with sufficient sunlight. Regular deadheading can prolong the blooming period, making these plants a dynamic addition to your garden.
In the heart of the park, where nature's canvas is painted with an array of colors and textures, the daylilies stand as enchanting sentinels, captivating all who look at their stunning beauty. These vibrant blooms, scientifically known as Hemerocallis, are like jewels scattered across the landscape, each petal a stroke of artistry in the grand masterpiece of the garden.
As the sun rises, its gentle rays embrace the daylilies, igniting a symphony of colors that seem to dance harmoniously. Each flower unfurls its petals, revealing intricate patterns that could rival the most delicate lacework. The garden becomes a living tapestry of hues, ranging from the purest whites and softest pastels to the wealthiest crimsons and velvety purples. These captivating shades are a testament to nature's artistic prowess, a testament that is renewed with each passing day.
One cannot help but be drawn to the daylilies' captivating forms. The slender, arching stems elevate the blossoms, allowing them to bask in the sun's affection. Each bloom possesses a regal demeanor, its posture dignified and proud. The petals, often satiny and delicate, embody a sense of fragility and grace, yet their resilience against the elements reminds them of nature's robust design.
Amidst the visual spectacle, the daylilies offer more than just aesthetic pleasure. Their fragrance, a delicate and alluring blend, fills the air with a sweet aroma that invites pollinators to partake in their nectar-rich treasure. Bees, butterflies, and even hummingbirds become frequent visitors, enhancing the garden's vitality and ensuring the continuation of these remarkable blooms for generations to come.
As the hour's tick by and the sun's journey across the sky progresses, the daylilies exhibit a remarkable transformation. Each bloom is a transient marvel, living up to its name as "daylilies." A single blossom may only grace the garden for a solitary day, but it is as if time stands still during that brief interlude. It is a poignant reminder of life's fleeting nature, an emblem of the impermanence that weaves through every aspect of existence.
The daylilies' allure is not confined to their beauty; they also possess a harmonious spirit when gathered together in clusters or sprawling masses. These groupings create a spectacle that transcends the sum of its parts. A sea of daylilies gently swaying in the breeze is a sight that elicits a sense of tranquility and wonder, as if the very soul of the garden is whispering its secrets through the rustling leaves.
To cultivate daylilies in your garden is to partner with nature. It requires patience and care, a deep understanding of the plant's preferences and needs. As you nurture these blooms, you become a custodian of their splendor, a witness to their brief existence, and a beneficiary of their boundless charm.
In a world that often rushes by in a blur of responsibilities and deadlines, the daylilies stand as a reminder to pause, savor the present moment, and appreciate the simple yet profound beauty surrounding us. Their stunning looks beckon us to connect with nature, find solace in its rhythms, and cultivate a sense of awe and gratitude for the wonders unfolding in our backyards.
In the realm of the garden, the daylilies reign as timeless muses, captivating hearts and minds alike. Their stunning looks are not just a feast for the eyes; they are a testament to the intricacies of life, a reminder of nature's inexhaustible creativity, and an invitation to find beauty in the transient moments that grace our existence.
Best Flowering Plants Conclusion
The world of flowering plants offers various colors, shapes, and fragrances that can transform your garden into a visual masterpiece. Whether you're drawn to the timeless beauty of roses, the vibrant charm of tulips, or the exotic allure of orchids, there's a flowering plant to suit every taste and gardening skill level. By selecting and nurturing the best flowering plants for your region and conditions, you can create a garden that showcases nature's artistry and brings joy to all who behold it. | <urn:uuid:8ec1fd55-0239-4c5a-bd29-01f69c12f2e2> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.tnnursery.net/blogs/tn-nursery-blog/10-best-flowering-plants | 2024-10-13T19:21:40Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.925012 | 1,864 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The Yellow Trillium, also known as Trillium luteum, is one of the most captivating wildflowers in the forest garden. Its soft, buttery yellow blossoms sit gracefully atop a whorl of three strikingly mottled leaves, creating a beautiful contrast that makes it a treasured sight in any woodland setting. The yellow trillium is not just another spring ephemeral; it carries an air of mystique and rarity, making it a favorite among native plant enthusiasts and gardeners alike. These plants are found naturally in the eastern United States, particularly in the rich, shaded forests of the Appalachian Mountains. When it blooms, it brings a sense of warmth and subtle beauty to its surroundings.
Are there yellow trilliums?
Yes, yellow trilliums are indeed a unique species within the Trillium genus. While trilliums are typically known for their white or maroon flowers, the yellow trillium stands out with its cheerful, bright yellow petals. What makes the yellow trillium even more remarkable is its subtle lemony fragrance, a feature that adds another layer of sensory enjoyment to its visual appeal. These plants thrive in shaded woodland areas, basking in the cool, moist soil while avoiding the sun's harsh rays. Their understated elegance makes them perfect companions for other native woodland plants, such as ferns and hostas.
What sets the yellow trillium apart from other trilliums is its unique foliage. Its leaves are often splashed with dark green or purple mottling, giving the plant a marbled appearance that makes it attractive even when not in bloom. This distinctive leaf patterning and its brilliant yellow flowers make it a delightful addition to shaded gardens. While not the most common trillium species, yellow trilliums are worth seeking out for gardeners interested in adding a bit of rare beauty to their landscape.
What is the rarest trillium?
While the yellow trillium is a cherished species, it is not the rarest of the trilliums. That honor belongs to the Painted Trillium (Trillium undulatum), known for its striking white petals with a central splash of bright pink or red. The Painted Trillium is notoriously difficult to cultivate in gardens, primarily due to its specific growing requirements. It prefers acidic soils found in dense, moist woodlands, making it hard to replicate its natural habitat in a home garden. Although the yellow trillium is not as rare, it is still a sought-after addition for collectors of native plants and woodland species. Its relative rarity in garden centers can make it feel like a unique find.
The Painted Trillium and the Yellow Trillium share a common trait-they are slow to establish and can take years before maturity. This slow-growing nature is one of the reasons trilliums, in general, are treasured by gardeners. Their patience in growth mirrors the patience required by those who plant and care for them, creating a deep bond between gardener and plant. The rarity and uniqueness of trilliums make them symbolic of the delicate balance and beauty of natural woodland ecosystems.
How many years does it take for trillium to bloom?
Trilliums are known for their slow growth; yellow trillium is no exception. On average, it takes a yellow trillium anywhere from four to seven years to bloom after being planted from seed. This extended growth period is due to the plant's reliance on mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, which helps provide essential nutrients. Without this symbiotic relationship, the trillium would struggle to thrive, let alone bloom. For gardeners, the key to success with trilliums is patience. Once established, these plants can live for decades, rewarding the gardener with their delicate blooms year after year.
The blooming period for yellow trillium typically occurs in late spring, usually in April or May, depending on the climate. During this time, the plants produce their characteristic yellow flowers, which can last for several weeks if conditions are favorable. Trilliums are true woodland treasures, and their blooms are often seen as a harbinger of spring. While they take years to bloom, the wait is well worth it. When a yellow trillium finally bursts into flower, it makes a lovely focal point in the garden, offering beauty and serenity to those lucky enough to witness it.
How to grow yellow trillium?
Growing yellow trillium requires careful attention to its natural habitat and growing conditions. These plants thrive in shaded woodland areas with rich, well-drained soil. The ideal soil for yellow trilliums is a mix of organic matter, such as leaf mold or compost, which helps retain moisture while providing essential nutrients. Because they are naturally found in forest environments, yellow trilliums prefer a fantastic, shaded location where they can grow undisturbed. A spot beneath deciduous trees, where dappled sunlight can reach the ground, is perfect for these delicate flowers.
Planting yellow trilliums can be done either through rhizomes or seeds. For quicker results, purchasing rhizomes from a reputable nursery is the best option. Rhizomes should be planted about two inches deep in the soil in the fall, with the growing tips facing upward.
Once planted, yellow trilliums require minimal care, as they are relatively low-maintenance. Mulching around the bottom can help maintain moisture and protect the delicate roots. However, it's important not to disturb the soil around the plants, as their shallow root systems can be easily damaged. Yellow trilliums are slow-growing but long-lived so that they can become a lasting part of a woodland garden for years with proper care.
Regarding maintenance, yellow trilliums favor even moisture but can not handle waterlogged ground. Keeping the soil evenly moist is essential, especially during the growing season, but allowing it to dry slightly between waterings is necessary. These plants are sensitive to overwatering, so be mindful of their watering needs. The foliage will fade once the blooming period ends, signaling the plant's dormancy. It's best to leave the plants undisturbed at this stage, allowing them to rest and prepare for the next growing season. | <urn:uuid:d5a9fa9e-8474-4b66-8951-e1ca5df30570> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.tnnursery.net/blogs/tn-nursery-blog/growing-yellow-trillium | 2024-10-13T20:25:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.946123 | 1,316 | 3.375 | 3 |
He was a man of contradictions, sometimes angry and arrogant, and on other occasions generous and introspective. He was also a genius who discovered and encouraged others. His haunting tone and constantly changing style allowed him to become involved in just about anything and everything that happened in modern jazz. His unique playing style, with its voice-like quality and tone that was almost free of vibrato, could sometimes be melancholy, at others times assertive. It helped to make him the model for generations of jazz musicians and for jazz lovers the world over. Miles Davis defined cool.
He was not from the poor side of town, but from relative affluence; his father was a dentist and a year after Miles Dewey Davis III was born in May 1926, in Alton, Illinois the family moved to East St Louis. For his thirteenth birthday, Miles was given a trumpet and lessons with a local jazz musician named Elwood Buchanan. By the age of fifteen, he had already got his musicians’ union card allowing him to play around St. Louis with Eddie Randall’s Blue Devils.
In 1944 the newly formed Billy Eckstine Band arrived in St Louis, their third trumpet player was unwell and so Miles was able to sit in with the band for their two-week engagement. The Eckstine band was already creating a proto-be-bop sound, thanks to two of its members, alto saxophonist, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, who was also the band’s musical director. The experience for eighteen-year-old Miles was life-changing. He decided to move to New York, the epicentre of the be-bop revolution, to immerse himself in their dogma. Having persuaded his less than enthusiastic parents that a career in music was what he wanted he enrolled at the Juilliard School of Music and began studying classical music in September 1944. Meanwhile, Miles spent his evenings and nights in the clubs of Harlem and 52nd Street studying jazz and playing whenever he could find a band to sit in with.
He made his first recording at WOR Studios, two blocks from Times Square, on April 24th 1945 backing a singer named, Rubberlegs Williams, on what were more pop songs than jazz. In the autumn he joined Charlie Parker’s quintet, which included Dizzy Gillespie; they recorded in November when they were billed as the Bee-Boppers. This also coincided with the end of Miles’ sojourn at the Julliard; he left to become a fully-fledged jazzman, a fact that his parents, apparently, accepted somewhat reluctantly.
The November session yielded the single, ‘Now’s the Time’ coupled with ‘Billie’s Bounce’; the first fully-formed be-bop record. In the early part of 1946, Davis headed out to Los Angeles with the Parker band and they recorded a number of sides for the Dial label, as well as playing clubs that included The Finale in Hollywood. Miles also played with Charles Mingus’s band on a session and worked with Benny Carter and Billy Eckstine’s orchestras.
By the beginning of 1947 Miles was back in New York recording with Illinois Jacquet, but he also continued to work with Charlie Parker as well as playing a session with Coleman Hawkins’ All-Stars. Having gained a good deal of experience with others he made his first recording as a leader on August 14th 1947, with a quintet that included Parker on tenor sax, John Lewis on piano, bassist Nelson Boyd and Max Roach on the drums.
By the middle of 1948, after numerous sessions with Parker’s band, Miles was showing the restless side of his musical character and wanted to try new things, moving away from what he perhaps saw as the constraints of be-bop. What Miles did next was the genesis of what we’ve come to call, ‘cool jazz’. It was also the start of Davis working with the arranger Gil Evans, who would become a frequent collaborator throughout his career. Evans was thirty-six and already had a reputation for adventurous arranging. It was his ability to arrange skillfully so as to create the impression of a big band, while still maintaining the dexterity of a small group, that particularly appealed to Miles.
The Miles Davis Nonet or Orchestra, as it was sometimes billed, got a residency at the Royal Roost in New York, which also enabled them to broadcast on the radio. With future MJQ member, John Lewis on piano and Gerry Mulligan on baritone sax among the guiding spirits of this band it proved to be a highly creative unit. When they finally went into the studio in January 1949 to record for Capitol Records it was Lewis’ arrangements that they recorded. A few months later they were back, this time with Gil Evans’ arrangements. Another session in March 1950 was all that the band managed but this really was the Birth of the Cool.
The importance of these sessions and the records they produced are immense. They really were the epitome of cool, intimate records that oozed sophistication for an audience that was looking towards a new world order after the austerity of war. These recordings created the West Coast cool jazz sound from which so many sub-genres became the direct descendants.
While musically these records were not as well received at their first release they set Davis on a musical course that he stuck to over the rest of the decade. In the immediate aftermath of these sessions while Miles continued to record he did so with some lesser sidemen for the next three years or so. He had become a heroin addict, which meant that he performed much less often than he had before.
In 1954 he kicked his habit and began working on what would become the first phase of his small-group recordings. He worked with Art Blakey, Horace Silver, Kenny Clarke, Sonny Rollins, Milt Jackson and Thelonious Monk; it was a sign that Miles was back. One of the foremost releases from this period is the album, Bags Groove which displayed Miles’ brilliance alongside Sonny Rollins and Horace Silver. It’s been described as a cornerstone of any jazz collection and it richly deserves its place in the Davis canon, although it sometimes gets overlooked for some of the later albums.
The following year Miles appeared at the Newport Jazz Festival where his playing was rapturously received by both the fans and the press. In the wake of this performance, Miles established a quintet that included pianist Red Garland, Paul Chambers on bass, Philly Joe Jones on drums and John Coltrane on tenor saxophone. This is the group that made the Round Midnight album and reestablished Miles’s reputation as a live performer throughout the best jazz venues in America.
In autumn of 1956 Miles worked with the Jazz and Classical Music Society on an interesting collaboration arranged by John Lewis. Miles not only played the trumpet but also the flugelhorn showing a side of his playing that had hitherto been largely hidden. It was like a clarion call for what followed in May of 1957. Gil Evans created some stunning arrangements for a jazz orchestra and these would eventually become the album, Miles Ahead. It includes, ‘The Maids Of Cadiz’, a piece written by Delibes; this was the first piece of classical music that Miles recorded. In 1958 he made an album of Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess, following this with Sketches of Spain in 1959; here he plays works by Rodrigo and De Falla. It includes the ‘Concerto de Aranjuez’ a tour de force by Miles against a sumptuous Gil Evans setting.
Just prior to recording the ‘Concerto de Aranjuez’, the Miles Davis Sextet recorded what for just about everybody is his greatest album and arguably one of the half dozen most important records of the twentieth century, Kind Of Blue. Besides Miles, Coltrane and Chambers there was his new pianist Bill Evans, Cannonball Adderley on alto sax and Jimmy Cobb plays the drums. The album was recorded over two sessions and pivots not only around Miles’s brilliant playing but also that of classically trained Bill Evans. From its opening track, ‘So What’, it heralds a new kind of jazz. According to Evans, “Miles conceived these settings only hours before the recording dates.”
For the next five years, Miles worked with many of the same musicians, although Bill Evans had left to pursue his own kind of exploratory jazz and Wynton Kelly was at the piano, along with Sonny Stitt on alto sax on a very successful European tour in 1960. In the early Sixties, others who appeared with the various incarnations of the Davis’ group included, Hank Mobley and Wayne Shorter on Tenor sax, Victor Feldman and Herbie Hancock on piano, Ron Carter on bass and Tony Williams on drums. As well as playing with the band, Shorter also contributed some standout compositions, including ‘Nefertiti’ and ‘Footprints’.
The Shorter, Hancock, Carter, Williams group is known as the ‘second great quintet’; it was also the last of Davis’s purely acoustic line-ups. By the late Sixties Miles was including electric bass and piano as well as guitar on his recordings, which were a much freer form of jazz. Everything was pointing towards the fusion sound that would come to dominate his playing. In 1969 for the In A Silent Way album, the band included John McLaughlin on guitar, Chick Corea on keyboards, Joe Zawinul on organ and Dave Holland on bass, along with Shorter, Hancock and Williams. This proved to be something of a stepping-stone towards what happened next.
Bitches Brew was a historic breakthrough with its jazz-fusion, in which elements of rock meshed with the jazz idiom. This new style allowed the musicians a much broader creative freedom. Harvey Brooks was added on electric bass, Billy Cobham played the drums, as did Jack DeJohnette. These, plus others, whose background was as much rock as it was jazz created a Miles Davis sound that introduced the trumpeter, whose instrument was electrified for this album, to a whole new generation of fans. It was about as far from ‘cool’ as could be, but it sold 500,000 double albums and became his best ever selling record – although Kind Of Blue is possibly catching up following the advent of the CD.
From here on, over the next few years, Miles continued to experiment with fusion jazz, introducing Keith Jarrett into the small group, along with percussionist, Airto Moreira. But just as he was continuing to evolve and reinvent his sound he broke both his legs in a car accident.
It was the start of some difficult health problems that plagued him for the rest of his life. He had diabetes, had problems with a hip joint that was attributed to sickle cell anaemia and he had pneumonia that seemed to go on and on. His temperament, which was far from even, may also have been affected by his use of cocaine. He recorded in March 1976 and that was the last time he worked in the 1970s.
Miles began working again in 1980, recording properly in 1981, but in February 1982 he suffered a stroke, which fortunately was not severe. In April 1982 he toured Britain and Europe before returning to America and the recording studio.
He continued to record for Columbia until he had a fairly public spat with trumpeter Wynton Marsalis that ended in the label dropping Miles and putting a lot of money behind the ‘new jazz’ of Marsalis. Miles even worked with some of the new wave of British rock acts proving he was still keen to be trying new things; even if they were not always musically fulfilling for anyone involved.
Shortly after telling the world that,
“A legend is an old man with a cane known for what he used to do. I’m still doing it”.
Miles recorded an album entitled Tutu that exploited modern studio techniques and instruments; it also won him a Grammy.
It is the last really significant recording of Miles’s long career. He had somewhat mellowed and was less irascible than during the height of his fame.
According to his former drummer, Max Roach who was battling alcoholism with treatment that was being paid for by Miles. “He was the most generous person.” Although Roach only found out that Miles was paying after he got a message while he was in rehab to say. “Tell Max that he’s gotta get himself together ’cause he’s costing too much money.”
Miles Davis’s last performance was in August 1991 at the Hollywood Bowl in California, having just returned from a tour in France and an appearance at the Montreux Jazz Festival with the Quincy Jones Orchestra. The man who had once said, “I have to change; it’s like a curse,” died in September 1991 of pneumonia, respiratory failure and a stroke; he was sixty-five years old.
After he died jazz radio stations across America seemed to play his music almost continuously; they didn’t come close to exhausting the supply. During his five decades of recording, from the end of World War II to 1990 his output was prodigious. He recorded in seemingly every known style of jazz – except maybe New Orleans. He did 12-bar blues to full-length concerto-like pieces and created music to suit every known human emotion and mood. Given the size of his output, it’s amazing that so much of it is so good. In fact, there’s a lot that is remarkable and some of it is the best jazz that was ever put onto tape. | <urn:uuid:f52a8d90-04b9-4763-9445-b6df9def0cb6> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.udiscovermusic.com/artist/miles-davis/ | 2024-10-13T19:15:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.988541 | 2,875 | 2.671875 | 3 |
before the 24th IR was deactivated, though, 21-year-old Sgt.
Cornelius Charlton gave his last full measure of devotion to the
Charlton was raised in southern West Virginia, but
his family eventually moved to the Bronx, New York City. In 1946, he
graduated from high school there and immediately enlisted into the
Army, just at the end of World War II.
Charlton was initially
assigned to an engineering unit, but he requested and received a
transfer into Company C, an infantry unit that was part of the 24th
IR. He was one of the last of the “Buffalo Soldiers.”
Charlton earned his Medal of Honor during Operation Piledriver, a
major battle in Korea that was aimed at pushing North Korean and
Chinese troops out of the south.
On June 2, 1951, Charlton’s
platoon was attacking a hill that was heavily defended by Chinese
infantrymen and mortars near the village of Chipo-ri, northeast of
Seoul. His unit’s leader was injured and had to be evacuated, so
Charlton assumed command and rallied the troops to continue the
Using a rifle and grenades, Charlton managed to
destroy two hostile positions and kill six enemy soldiers before his
unit got pinned down on the hill they were attacking. He tried to
push the men forward, but they were driven back again by heavy
Charlton suffered a serious chest wound during
that time, but he wouldn’t give in. He refused medical attention and
instead led a third charge up the hill, which took them to the crest
of the ridge. The platoon then spotted the Chinese bunker that was
firing the mortars from the far side of the hill, so Charlton again
urged them forward to destroy it. He went ahead of the rest of the
soldiers and raked the position with bullets, destroying two Chinese
machine guns and forcing back its defenders. But he was hit by a
second grenade during the charge – an injury that proved fatal.
Charlton was credited with saving many of the soldiers in his
platoon. His courage, leadership and self-sacrifice earned him the
Medal of Honor, which he posthumously received in early 1952. He was
one of only two black men to receive the award for actions performed
during the Korean War.
Charlton also earned the Purple Heart,
the Korean Service Medal and many other citations during his
military career. But it took many years for him to get a proper
According to congressional records, Charlton’s body
was returned to the U.S. and buried in his mother’s family plot, not
at Arlington National Cemetery, where Medal of Honor recipients are
usually interred. There was some controversy over why that happened:
the Army said it was due to “administrative oversight,” but his
family believed it had to do with race.
Decades later, in
1990, Charlton’s remains were reinterred at the American Legion
Cemetery in Beckley, West Virginia. He was reinterred in 2008 to his
final resting place and appropriate location – Arlington National
Thank you, Sgt. Charlton, for your devotion to
cause and country!
Charlton's Medal of Honor Citation |
Comment on this article | | <urn:uuid:bac512b4-6d16-4889-91e8-1e6d8174cae1> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.usapatriotism.org/articles/hp/mohr_charlton.htm | 2024-10-13T20:23:51Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.991146 | 709 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Deep within the heart of Slovenia lies a natural wonder that has captivated explorers and nature enthusiasts for centuries - Škocjan Caves. Enshrined on the prestigious UNESCO World Heritage list, this awe-inspiring underground canyon is considered the largest in Europe. Within its mysterious depths, the Reka River flows, carving out intricate chambers and unveiling an ecosystem steeped in rare and valuable species. Join us as we embark on a remarkable journey to uncover the secrets and wonders of Škocjan Caves.
1. A Geological Marvel: The Origins of Škocjan Caves
The remarkable geological formation of Škocjan Caves dates back millions of years. This complex underground network was formed through the erosive power of water, as the mighty Reka River carved its way through layers of limestone and created an underground masterpiece. Over time, gigantic chambers, labyrinthine passages, and imposing natural bridges took shape, leaving behind an extraordinary spectacle that continues to leave visitors in awe.
2. The Magnificent Great Chamber: A Glimpse into the Abyss
Among the numerous wonders that await explorers venturing into Škocjan Caves, the Great Chamber stands out as a true testament to the power of nature. With its colossal dimensions, towering 146 feet in height, this vast underground hall showcases the sheer grandeur and scale of the cave system. As you stand in this monumental space surrounded by towering walls adorned with impressive stalactites and stalagmites, it's easy to feel a sense of wonder and reverence for the forces that shaped this captivating chamber.
3. The Sublime Murmuring River: The Enchanting Reka
Deep within the Škocjan Caves, the Reka River flows silently, its murmurs echoing through the cavernous halls. As the largest Slovenian sinking river, it has forged its way underground, creating a hidden riverbed that winds and twists through the heart of the cave system. The gentle whisper of the Reka resonates with ancient stories and adds a mystical touch to the already mesmerizing atmosphere of Škocjan Caves.
4. The Curious Olm: A Living Fossil
Beneath the surface of the Reka River resides one of Europe's most fascinating creatures - the olm, often referred to as the human fish. This elusive amphibian, with its pale skin and iconic gills, calls Škocjan Caves its home. The olm has adapted remarkably to its dark, subterranean environment, boasting a lifespan of up to 100 years and the ability to survive without food for up to a decade. Truly a living fossil, this extraordinary creature has captured the imagination of scientists and visitors alike.
5. An Ecosystem of Rarity: Home to Valuable Species
Škocjan Caves harbours a fragile and unique ecosystem, providing a sanctuary for a plethora of rare and valuable species. The isolation and specific conditions within the caves have created an environment where specialized life forms thrive. Alongside the olm, visitors may encounter other remarkable creatures such as blind cave salamanders, cave crickets, and various mesmerizing species of bats. Exploring this underground haven offers a privileged glimpse into a world rarely witnessed.
6. Embracing Speleological Heritage: Birthplace of Modern Speleology
Beyond its breathtaking natural beauty, Škocjan Caves holds historical
significance as the origin of current speleology. Its exceptional geological features and rich biodiversity attracted explorers and scientists who dedicated themselves to understanding and conserving these underground wonders. The discoveries made within Škocjan Caves have contributed significantly to the field of cave research and fostered a deeper appreciation for the fragile ecosystems found within.
7. Visitor Experience: Journey into the Subterranean Realm
Embarking on a journey through Škocjan Caves is an unforgettable experience. The cave system offers guided tours that cater to all levels of interest and physical abilities. From leisurely walks along well-maintained pathways to more adventurous routes for the intrepid explorer, visitors can immerse themselves in the magic and splendour of this subterranean realm. Be prepared to be amazed at every turn as you witness the incredible geological formations and encounter the unique flora and fauna that call Škocjan Caves their home.
8. Preserving Nature's Masterpiece: Conservation Efforts
Recognizing the immense value of Škocjan Caves, both in terms of its geological significance and its rich biodiversity, extensive efforts have been made to preserve and protect this natural wonder. The caves are managed by dedicated conservationists and researchers who work tirelessly to ensure the delicate balance of the ecosystem is maintained. Strict regulations and sustainable practices are in place to safeguard Škocjan Caves for future generations to marvel at and enjoy.
9. FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. Can anyone visit Škocjan Caves?
A1. Yes, Škocjan Caves is open to visitors of all ages. However, certain areas may have restrictions based on physical fitness levels or specific tour choices.
Q2. How long does a typical tour of Škocjan Caves take?
A2. The duration of the tour can vary depending on the chosen route. On average, tours range from 1.5 to 2 hours.
Q3. Are there any accommodation options near Škocjan Caves?
A3. Yes, there are several accommodation options in the surrounding area, ranging from hotels to guesthouses, allowing visitors to explore Škocjan Caves at their own pace.
Q4. Can I take photographs inside Škocjan Caves?
A4. Yes, photography is permitted during the guided tours. However, the use of tripods or flash may be restricted in certain areas to ensure the preservation of the delicate environment.
Q5. Is there an entrance fee to visit Škocjan Caves?
A5. Yes, there is an entrance fee to access Škocjan Caves. The fees contribute to the conservation efforts and maintenance of this natural wonder.
In conclusion, Škocjan Caves Home to the Curious Olm a Living Fossil stands not only as a symbol of a geological marvel but also as a testament to the delicate yet resilient ecosystem that thrives within its mysterious depths. With its grand chambers, meandering river, and extraordinary fauna, this subterranean wonderland is deserving of its revered status on the UNESCO World Heritage list. As we venture through its underground wonders, let us remember to tread lightly, respecting and cherishing the fragile beauty that Škocjan Caves bestows upon us. Join us in embracing the perplexity and burstiness of this enchanting underground world, for it is an experience like no other.
Thank You for your time in reading Škocjan Caves Home to the Curious Olm a Living Fossil it is most appreciated. | <urn:uuid:dd105da5-8d4d-40bf-af71-f16d92eb5dc2> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.wwbnews.net/post/%C5%A1kocjan-caves-home-to-the-curious-olm-a-living-fossil | 2024-10-13T20:26:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.910785 | 1,449 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Central banks are the unsung architects of economic stability, weaving a complex tapestry of policies that influence the financial landscape. Understanding their inner workings, from their definitions and frameworks to the intricacies of monetary policy, is crucial for grasping the dynamics that shape our global economy. In this comprehensive 3000-word exploration, we’ll delve into the core concepts of central banks, shedding light on how their decisions reverberate through asset prices and can trigger consequential financial events.
At its essence, a central bank is a pivotal institution responsible for regulating a country’s money supply and overseeing the financial system. Acting as the custodian of a nation’s monetary policy, central banks play a critical role in maintaining economic stability and fostering growth.
A. Historical Evolution
Tracing the roots of central banking takes us through centuries of financial evolution. From the Bank of England’s establishment in 1694 to the Federal Reserve’s inception in 1913, central banks have adapted to the changing needs of economies, evolving into the multifaceted entities we recognize today.
B. Core Functions
The primary functions of a central bank include issuing currency, regulating money supply, acting as a lender of last resort, and supervising financial institutions. These functions collectively form the bedrock upon which the central bank’s influence on the economy rests.
A. Independence and Accountability
Central banks often operate independently from political authorities to shield monetary policy from short-term political pressures. However, this autonomy is accompanied by a crucial need for transparency and accountability to ensure responsible governance.
B. Dual Mandate
Many central banks operate under a dual mandate, tasked with maintaining price stability and promoting full employment. Striking a delicate balance between these objectives requires astute policy decisions that consider a myriad of economic indicators.
III. Unveiling the Mechanics of Monetary Policy
Central banks wield monetary policy as a primary tool to achieve their objectives. Understanding how these policies function is key to unraveling the intricate relationship between central banks and financial markets.
A. Interest Rates
Central banks influence interest rates by setting the benchmark rate, which, in turn, ripples through the entire financial system. Changes in interest rates impact borrowing costs, spending patterns, and investment decisions, consequently shaping economic activity.
B. Open Market Operations
Central banks engage in buying or selling government securities in the open market to adjust the money supply. These operations influence short-term interest rates and play a pivotal role in steering the economy towards the desired equilibrium.
C. Reserve Requirements
By tweaking the reserve requirements for commercial banks, central banks can influence the amount of money circulating in the economy. Adjustments to these requirements impact the lending capacity of banks, thereby influencing spending and investment.
Central bank policies have a profound impact on asset prices, sending ripples through financial markets. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for investors, policymakers, and the general public alike.
Fluctuations in interest rates directly affect the valuation of stocks. Lower interest rates often boost equity prices as the cost of capital decreases, encouraging investment. Conversely, higher interest rates can dampen stock prices as borrowing becomes more expensive.
The bond market is particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates. When central banks raise rates, the value of existing bonds decreases, leading to potential losses for bondholders. Conversely, falling rates can result in capital gains for bond investors.
C. Real Estate
Central bank policies also exert a significant influence on real estate markets. Lower interest rates can stimulate demand for mortgages, driving up property prices. Conversely, higher rates can cool the real estate market as borrowing becomes less attractive.
Central bank decisions can trigger a domino effect, setting off a chain reaction of financial events that reverberate globally. Understanding these potential catalysts is essential for navigating the complex interplay between central banks and the financial system.
A. Asset Bubbles
Aggressive monetary policies, while aimed at stimulating economic activity, can inadvertently contribute to the formation of asset bubbles. When these bubbles burst, they have the potential to unleash financial turmoil, impacting markets and economies.
B. Currency Depreciation
Central banks may resort to unconventional monetary policies, such as quantitative easing, to stimulate economic growth. While these measures can weaken a nation’s currency, they also risk igniting currency wars and trade tensions with global implications.
C. Systemic Risks
The interconnected nature of financial markets means that disruptions in one sector can trigger systemic risks. Central banks must carefully navigate the fine line between fostering economic growth and mitigating the potential fallout from excessive risk-taking.
Central banks stand at the helm of economic stability, steering nations through the ebbs and flows of global financial currents. The delicate dance of defining frameworks, implementing monetary policies, and understanding the repercussions on asset prices underscores the intricate tapestry woven by these institutions. As we navigate an ever-evolving economic landscape, a nuanced comprehension of central banks and their mechanisms is indispensable for policymakers, investors, and the public alike. | <urn:uuid:2f1b7322-e282-4ec9-a657-7a0ab7e7eebb> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://www.ztrading.io/blog/fed101 | 2024-10-13T20:58:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.91464 | 1,010 | 3.96875 | 4 |
In addition to their primary function of converting linear motion into rotational motion, crankshafts also play a crucial role in balancing the engine and reducing vibrations. By strategically placing counterweights along the length of the crankshaft, engineers can counteract the imbalances caused by the reciprocating motion of the pistons, resulting in a smoother and more stable engine operation.
Crankshafts are typically made from high-strength steel or other durable materials to withstand the tremendous forces and speeds at which they operate. They are precision-engineered to ensure smooth and efficient operation, as even the slightest deviation in alignment or balance can lead to engine malfunction and reduced performance.
Crankshafts come in various designs, including flat-plane and cross-plane configurations, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages depending on the specific requirements of the engine. The design and complexity of the crankshaft depend on factors such as the number of cylinders, engine displacement, and intended application.
Overall, crankshafts are an essential component of internal combustion engines, serving as the driving force behind the vehicle’s propulsion. Their precision engineering and critical function make them a key element in the performance and reliability of the engine, making them one of the most crucial components in the world of automotive engineering.
2. Defrosting: In addition to providing warmth, the heater core also helps to defrost the windows by circulating warm air onto the windshield, aiding in visibility and safe driving in winter conditions.
In conclusion, battery replacement is a common necessity for many devices as batteries degrade over time. By recognizing the signs that indicate a battery needs replacing and following these tips for selecting the right replacement battery, you can ensure optimal performance and safety for your devices. Remember to prioritize quality and safety when choosing a replacement battery to get the most out of your devices.
1. **No Cooling**: One of the most common issues with air conditioners is the lack of cooling. This could be due to a variety of reasons, such as a dirty air filter, refrigerant leaks, a malfunctioning compressor, or a faulty thermostat. To diagnose this issue, start by checking the air filter to see if it needs to be cleaned or replaced. If that doesn’t solve the problem, you may need to call a professional to inspect the unit for refrigerant leaks or compressor issues.
1. OEM vs. Aftermarket: OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) batteries are designed specifically for your device and are generally considered the best option. Aftermarket batteries, while usually more affordable, may not offer the same performance or safety guarantees.
Batteries degrade over time due to a variety of factors, including usage patterns, temperature fluctuations, and the number of charge cycles. As a battery degrades, it loses its ability to hold a charge, resulting in reduced battery life and performance. In some cases, a degraded battery can also pose a safety risk, as it may become swollen or overheated.
2. **Weak Airflow**: Immobilizer Bypass If you notice weak or reduced airflow coming from your vents, it may be due to a clogged air filter, blocked vents, or issues with the blower motor. Begin by checking and replacing the air filter if needed. If the airflow is still weak, inspect the vents to ensure they are not obstructed by furniture or other objects. If the issue persists, the blower motor may need to be repaired or replaced.
The heater core is a vital component of a vehicle’s heating system, responsible for providing warm air to the cabin during cold weather. By understanding the function and importance of the heater core, drivers can ensure optimal performance and comfort in their vehicles.
4. **Professional Inspection:** If you notice any unusual smells, noises, or performance issues with your HVAC system, it is best to have a professional mechanic inspect the blower motor to diagnose and address potential problems.
4. **Frequent Cycling**: If your air conditioner is turning on and off frequently, known as short cycling, it can lead to increased wear and tear on the system and higher energy bills. Short cycling may be caused by an oversized unit, a malfunctioning thermostat, or issues with the compressor. A technician can assess the system to identify the underlying cause of the frequent cycling and recommend the appropriate solution.
Batteries are an essential component in many of our daily devices, from smartphones and laptops to cars and remote controls. Over time, batteries lose their ability to hold a charge, leading to decreased performance and the need for replacement. In this article, we will explore the reasons for battery replacement, how to know when it’s time to replace a battery, and tips for choosing the right replacement battery.
Heater blower motors are an essential component of a vehicle’s heating and cooling system. They are responsible for circulating air through the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, ensuring that the cabin of the vehicle is properly heated or cooled depending on the desired temperature setting. In this article, we will delve into the functionality, maintenance, and common issues associated with heater blower motors. | <urn:uuid:9663564e-634a-439c-8ab0-6c440480173e> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://yasaman.sch.ir/air-conditioning-systems-play-a-crucial-role-in-maintaining-a-comfortable-indoor-environment-especi/ | 2024-10-13T19:49:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255224.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20241013184249-20241013214249-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.935825 | 1,059 | 3.046875 | 3 |
When I finished the article on gradient descent, I realized that there were two important points missing. The first concerns the stochastic approach when we have too large data sets, the second being to see very concretely what happens when we poorly choose the value of the learning rate. I will therefore take advantage of this article to finally continue the previous article 😉
How to talk about Machine Learning or even Deep Learning without addressing the – famous – gradient descent? There are many articles on this subject of course, but often you have to read several in order to fully understand all the mechanisms. Often too mathematical or not enough, I will try especially here to explain its operation smoothly and step by step in order to try to demystify the subject.
As soon as you begin to create machine learning models, you will be faced with the delicate problem of balance in the adjustment of bias and variance. In this article I try to simply explain how understand these two very important concepts.
If this method of “prediction” based on probabilities and states / transitions had its heyday, it now seems less fashionable. In this article we will come back to the fundamentals of Markov chains and their application in Python.
The purpose of this article is to show through a concrete and French case the method to perform a sentiment analysis with Python.
Discover Auto-ML with AutoGluon. Simple accelerator or real revolution in the way of creating machine learning models? get an idea by doing …
In this article we will see by practice if deep learning via keras can help us find Titanic survivors more efficiently than traditional algorithms.
In this article we will see how to install and especially use the Python Flask micro-framework. very useful for publishing your Machine learning models in REST!
In this short article you will see how in a few lines of Python code you can save your model and recall it. | <urn:uuid:292a9d37-467a-4ec8-b056-07df7bd68ed1> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://aishelf.org/category/ia/data-modeling/ | 2024-10-15T00:36:40Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.956278 | 385 | 2.53125 | 3 |
On the use of associative memory in Hopfield networks designed to solve propositional satisfiability problems
Hopfield networks are an attractive choice for solving many types of computational problems because they provide a biologically plausible mechanism. The Self-Optimization (SO) model adds to the Hopfield network by using a biologically founded Hebbian learning rule, in combination with repeated network resets to arbitrary initial states, for optimizing its own behavior towards some desirable goal state encoded in the network. In order to better understand that process, we demonstrate first that the SO model can solve concrete combinatorial problems in SAT form, using two examples of the Liars problem and the map coloring problem. In addition, we show how under some conditions critical information might get lost forever with the learned network producing seemingly optimal solutions that are in fact inappropriate for the problem it was tasked to solve. What appears to be an undesirable side-effect of the SO model, can provide insight into its process for solving intractable problems.
READ FULL TEXT | <urn:uuid:0415f516-70a7-4fc6-a6ec-de2ed5057be9> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://cdnjs.deepai.org/publication/on-the-use-of-associative-memory-in-hopfield-networks-designed-to-solve-propositional-satisfiability-problems | 2024-10-15T00:56:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.933612 | 204 | 2.703125 | 3 |
8 - At the End of the World : Animals, Extinction, and Death in Australian Twenty-First-Century Ecogothic Cinema
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 November 2022
Australian twenty-f irst-century Ecogothic cinema often explores ecocritical concerns of animal and human extinction within global hypercapitalism. The Hunter (2011) and The Rover (2014) offer different perspectives on these concerns through their representations of animals, death, space, and place. The Hunter relates the story of a man sent to hunt the only remaining Thylacine, or Tasmanian Tiger, on behalf of a nefarious multinational corporation. In more allegorical mode, The Rover is structured around the protagonist's recovery of his car from a highway gang in order to bury his pet dog. The Ecogothic has, to date, largely been approached through literary rather than cinematic examples, and this chapter redresses this imbalance.
Keywords: Ecogothic; ecocriticism; animals; extinction; Australian Gothic cinema; hypercapitalism
Ecogothic cinema might be approached in many ways. One could pay attention, for example, to changes of place, like deforestation or beach erosion caused by rising sea levels, or to weather extremes resulting from climate change, such as heatwaves or torrential rainfall. This chapter traces an ecogothic pathway through two contemporary Australian films, The Hunter (2011) and The Rover (2014), through a consideration of the representation of animals in both films. Given that Catherine Simpson has lamented that ‘despite the preponderance of animals in Australian cinema, little work has been done on their role or function’ (44), this chapter attends to the representations of animals in The Hunter and The Rover to enable a broader engagement with death and extinction in Australian twenty-first-century ecogothic cinema.
Animals as a Portent of Death and Extinction in The Hunter and The Rover
The current increase in global awareness of ‘green’ concerns, such as climate change, environmental catastrophe, and urban and non-urban habitability is likely to raise the profile of animals in cinema studies. The Hunter and The Rover tender different perspectives on animals themselves and on the always already troubled distinction between ‘non-human animals’ and ‘human animals’ in the face of environmental and social collapse. Rather than offering an exhaustive textual analysis, this chapter engages with The Hunter and The Rover through a number of thematic lenses in order to contribute to the scholarship around Australian ecogothic cinema.
- Screening the Gothic in Australia and New ZealandContemporary Antipodean Film and Television, pp. 159 - 176Publisher: Amsterdam University PressPrint publication year: 2022 | <urn:uuid:eac84ad9-01f1-4b73-91c8-a054acf39019> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://core-cms.prod.aop.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/screening-the-gothic-in-australia-and-new-zealand/at-the-end-of-the-world-animals-extinction-and-death-in-australian-twentyfirstcentury-ecogothic-cinema/CBAACF59E770C3D1C46B07E49DEAEA5A | 2024-10-15T01:29:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.901917 | 559 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Wood is the oldest material used by humans for construction after stone masonry. Despite its complex chemical nature, wood has excellent properties which lend themselves to human use. It is readily and economically available; easily machinable; amenable to fabrication into an infinite variety of sizes and shapes using simple on-site building techniques. Following are some basic properties of wood:
- Exceptionally strong relative to its weight.
- A good heat and electrical insulator.
- of increasing importance.
- It is a renewable and biodegradable resource.
However, it also has some drawbacks of which the user must be aware. It is a “natural” material and is available in limited amount.
Generally, specific gravity (SG) and the major strength properties of wood are directly related. SG for the major, usually used structural species ranges from roughly 0.30 to 0.90. Higher allowable design values are assigned to those pieces having narrower growth rings (more rings per inch) or more dense latewood per growth ring and, hence, higher SG.
Undoubtedly, wood’s moisture provides more problems than any other factor in its use. Wood is hygroscopic in nature. It picks up or gives off moisture to equalize with the relative humidity and temperature in the atmosphere. As it does so, it changes in strength. Bending strength can increase by about 50% in going from green to a moisture content (MC) found in wood members in a residential structure. Wood also shrinks as it dries, or swells as it picks up moisture, with concomitant warpage potential. Critical in this process is the fiber saturation point (fsp). The point (about 25% moisture content, on oven-dry basis) below which the hollow center of the cell has lost its fluid contents, the cell walls begin to dry and shrink, and wood strength begins to increase. The swelling and shrinkage processes are reversible and approximately linear between fiber saturation point and 0% MC. Seasoning of wood is performed before using in construction. Wood decay or fungal stain do not occur when the MC is below 20%. There is no practical way to prevent moisture change in wood; most wood finishes and coatings only slow the process down. Thus, vapor barriers, adequate ventilation, exclusion of water from wood, or preservative treatment are absolutely essential in wood construction. |
Although wood is an excellent heat insulator, its strength and other properties are affected adversely by exposure for extended periods to temperatures above about 100°F. The combination of high relative humidity or MC and high temperatures, in un-ventilated attic areas, can have serious effects on roof sheathing materials and structural elements because of the potential for attack by decay organisms. Simple remedies and caution usually prevent any problems.
At temperatures above 220°F, wood takes on a thermoplastic behavior. This characteristic, which is rarely encountered in normal construction, is an advantage in the manufacture of some reconstituted board products, where high temperatures and pressures are utilized.
Timber is the most environmentally responsible building material. Timber has low production energy requirements and is a net carbon absorber. Timber is a renewable resource. Well-managed forests produce timber on a sustained continuous basis, with minimal adverse effects on soil and water values.
In plentiful and growing supply
Timber is readily available. Australia has significant forest resources including a plantation estate covering more than 1.6 million hectares, and the area is growing rapidly.
Timber is strong, light and reliable making timber construction simpler and safer than steel or concrete construction. A comparison with steel and concrete shows that radiata pine structural timber, for example, has a strength for weight ratio 20 percent higher than structural steel and four to five times better than un-reinforced concrete in compression.
The lightweight structures possible in wood confer flow-on advantages in terms of reduced foundation costs, reduced earthquake loading and easier transport. Building components and complete constructions are simple and safe to erect, and cheaper to deconstruct or reuse at the end of a building is useful life.
Additionally, timber must be:
Timber has low toxicity and therefore requires no special safety precautions to work with it, other than normal protection from dusts and splinters. Timber frame construction requires little in the way of heavy lifting equipment making building sites safer work places. Timber being non-conductive has obvious benefits in terms of electrical safety. Modern timber construction has increased fire resistance due to incombustible linings protecting light frames.
Easy to install
Increasingly specialist timber frame and truss manufacturers use high tech prefabrication enabling accurate and speedy installation. Recyclable - Timber is a forgiving material that can be easily disassembled and reworked. If demolition or deconstruction of a wooden building is necessary, many wood-based products can be recycled or reused. Timber trusses and frames, factory fabricated from sawn timber and toothed metal plate connectors, have come to dominate roof construction for small buildings such as houses and large industrial buildings where clear spans up to 50 metres are required. Timber trusses compete with other roof structural systems on cost, high performance, versatility and ready availability, supported by design software packages supplied by the plate manufacturers to the fabricators.
Comparative studies of the economics of different wall framing systems indicate that, in terms of direct building expenses, timber frames are consistently the most cost-effective solution. There are many factors to consider when comparing the economics of different construction systems including the complexity of the layout, site, builder experience, and relative material prices at the time of building. However, comparative studies of the economics of different wall framing systems indicate that, in terms of direct building expenses, timber frames are consistently the most cost-effective solution.
In the medium to long term, the forecasts for the Australian wood supply indicate a stable and growing supply. This means that prices for framing timber are likely to be more stable for builders in the long term. However, this price stability is questionable for materials such as steel, which consume considerable amounts of fossil fuels in their manufacture. The smelting of steel is heavily reliant on the continued availability of cheap sources of fossil fuels, a scenario which is becoming highly uncertain in an increasingly energy and security conscious world.
Properties of timber also include durability. Good detailing, coating and maintenance ensure that timber structures last for lifetimes. Although many buildings become obsolete and are demolished long before the end of their natural lives, timber buildings correctly designed and maintained can have an indefinite life. The key to long life is protection from weather, insect attack and decay, through well-established design detailing, surface coating systems, selection of durable species, and preservative treatment processes. In all countries of the world, and Australia is no exception, historic timber buildings testify to these principles.
In termite-prone areas, all buildings are vulnerable to termite attack of contents, so protection is needed regardless of construction materials. Protection systems rely on physical or chemical barriers, or both, and their effectiveness depends on the quality of the design, construction, inspection and maintenance. The risk of termite attack should be assessed after consulting with local building authorities and an appropriate termite management system should be implemented.
The system may include physical or chemical barriers or in higher risk areas, a termite resistant treated timber or naturally termite resistant frame may also be chosen. In any case any management system should include regular inspection to ensure that barriers have not been breached. It is therefore critical that the system type and inspection schedule are understood by all future householders. Importantly, termites are an integral part of the ecology of Australia, however, with awareness, planning and using cost effective systems, they can be effectively managed.
Well-designed Timber structures are comfortable to live in all year round no matter where you are.
Of the best properties of wood, flexibility of design forms and finishes is an most sought. This flexibility also extends to the ease with which existing buildings can be added to or modified to suit changing circumstances. User friendly versatile timber gives building designers creative freedom providing homeowners with flexible design choices.Timber is simply the best building material for builders, designers and homeowners and can be used to construct the homes we love, structures we admire and warehouses, commercial buildings and other structures. The timber frame method of building gives designers flexibility in both layout and external appearance. High levels of thermal insulation are incorporated within the construction, reducing heating costs and conserving energy.
An important property of timber is that it should have adequate compression strength to be used for different purposes in construction industry.
Chemical Effects on Timber
Though, would is chemically inert as compared to other materials but is affected by some acids and bases. Some species have proven very useful for food containers (berry boxes and crates) because they are nontoxic and impart no taste to the foods contained therein. Wood structures have also found widespread use as storage facilities for salt and fertilizer chemicals. | <urn:uuid:95a1b7b7-9fe9-466f-85ce-6e187187c62b> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://mail.aboutcivil.org/Properties%20of%20Wood%20and%20Timber.html | 2024-10-15T01:04:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.940883 | 1,821 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Editor’s Note: Today’s post is from Dick Locke, Sourcing Innovation’s resident expert on International Sourcing and Procurement. (His previous guest posts are still archived.)
The value of the Chinese currency, the renminbi is getting a lot of attention. The renminbi is commonly called the yuan, and I’ll use that term here. Economists, lobbyists, legislators and others are all saying the yuan is undervalued. I agree with them.
But undervalued compared to what? Often the answer is “compared to what it should be”. That’s really vague and circular. There is one common point of comparison, though. That’s the “Purchasing Power Parity” (PPP) exchange rate. It’s not perfect reference point though. In this two-part post I’ll be covering:
- Background of the PPP rate
- How to determine the PPP rate for different countries
- How to calculate over- and under- valuation
- Countries with big differences between the PPP rate and the actual rate
Background PPP rates
The concept of the PPP rate came largely from the World Bank. They were trying to give a realistic picture of the relative standard of living between different countries by looking at per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Each country measures GDP in its own currency, and that figure has to be converted to a common currency to compare countries. The common currency the World Bank uses is the U.S. dollar. They found that converting GDPs at the real exchange rate gave an unrealistically low view of the standard of living in developing and poor countries. For example, in 2009 the annual per capita GDP in China using real exchange rates was only about $3,300 per person. But a person can live much better in China on that level of income than they would in the U.S., so the World Bank developed a PPP exchange rate that shows the per capita income to be $6,600, using a PPP rate to convert from yuan to dollars.
So how is a PPP rate determined? It’s based on a market basket of consumer-oriented goods and services. It’s the exchange rate at which that basket would cost the same in both countries. What exactly is in that market basket? I haven’t been able to find that information. I do know that it’s heavy on food, clothing, housing and education costs. It may not have much relevance to industrial purchasers.
Here are two quick examples of one-item market baskets. I live in Mexico most of the time. I can see a first-run movie in a modern theater that’s equivalent to the best in the U.S. for 45 pesos. In the U.S., it would cost $10. The PPP rate for movies in Mexico is therefore 4.5 pesos per dollar (45/10). That’s the exchange rate at which costs would be identical. However, if I were to buy a laptop computer in Mexico, an $800 laptop in the U.S. would probably cost 13,000 pesos. That implies a PPP rate for computers of 16.25. (The real exchange rate is about 12.5 pesos per dollar)
More well-known, the Economist magazine periodically publishes a one-item “Big Mac” Index of PPPs by comparing the prices of Big Macs around the world. You can see some recent results by following the link.
In the next post, we’ll cover the determination of PPP rates, the calculations necessary to determine value against the US dollar, and list some countries with large differences between the PPP rate and the actual rate. | <urn:uuid:e1d473e3-01dd-47d6-9a1f-c8a26a4b0b04> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://sourcinginnovation.com/wordpress/2010/08/16/undervalued-currencies-part-i/ | 2024-10-14T23:41:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.949131 | 789 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Table of contents
6.The magnetic fields sensors
7.The inclination measurement system
9.The data acquisition system
11.The power supply
12.Realisation of the PCB
13.The embedded system
14.Static Library Util.a
17.Sensors controller commands
The embedded system on the Smart Compass
controller is written in C-language. That program manages the different the
instrument compute the data received from the ADCs.
The main entry of the program is the file
‘main.c’. Three methods are implemented in this file:
'main ()' that is the entry point of the program
and realise the main routine. It initializes the different modules of the
'welcome_msg ()' returns
information about the Smart Compass card and the program version, the date of
development, the authors and supervisor.
'version_exec ()' return the actual version of
'parse_command ()' execute
the instruction send by
Xcompass or viewport through the RS232 or RS485 connection. The command and the parameter available that composed this
instruction declared in the identical way in the driver.
When the microcontroller boot, it
initializes the different module and prints the welcome message. At that point,
it will wait until an instruction is addressed to the smart compass card.
C-program ‘timer’ and ‘comm’ are inspired from the UAV embedded system. The
program ‘timer.c’ contains the different methods that manage the delay or the
different interrupt mode. We have reused these timer functions without
The file ‘comm.c’ contains the different
method to communicate throw the serial or the SPI port. It contains in
particular the functions to initialize and to use the UART:
The printf() function is enabled by the
init and extra method have been implemented to directly send and receive the
In addition, we have added three methods
that initialize and read values on the two different ADC: the function
‘adc_atmega32’ and ‘adc_max186’. These methods have been developed to work on
both the card. The number of the card is defined in the header of this program.
Any bit received by the RS232 (or RS485)
will raise an interrupt that will store the request. If the length of the
request corresponds to the length’s value given by the instruction, the command
If the command is one of the five modules
of the compass (MAGNETO, GYRO, ACC, REF_VOLTAGE, or COMPENSATION), the
parameter is redirected to the corresponding module application:
Note: The COMPENSATION module has been
included on the file ‘magneto’ as it concerns the compensation of the magneto
module and it does not require an independent file.
The other available commands are
considered like the informational command (VERSION, CARD, USAGE, and PING).
The different programs that process the
modules have the common method according to the available parameter (see
Each module’s program has a method
'[ModuleName]_exec' that interpret the parameter’s value.
If this value corresponds to MODULE, the
method 'module_[ModuleName]' is executed. It returns all the output values
available for that module.
If the parameter’s value is ANGLE, the
calculated value of the azimuth is returned.
If the supply voltage is sufficient, the
second DC/DC converter can be switch off. On the first card, this is done by a
hardware control. However, on the second card, the control is soft. The
selection can be set on manual or automatic.
To this purpose, we have three available
modes that can be executed by the method ‘power_switch’:
ON: enable manually the DC/DC converter (SMR)
OFF: disable manually the DC/DC converter (MMR)
AUTO: enable automatically the converter if the
supply power is inferior to 18V
To realize a pulse command, we have to
generate first a SET and then a RESET signal. The pulse circuit is connected on
the port PC0 (SET) and PC1 (RESET) of the microcontroller. A pulse can be
generated by a software method (‘magneto_pulse’) with in argument the kind of
signal that we want to generate:
The magnitude of the field on each axis
is difference between the values read after a Set a Reset. This value can then
been pass to the method ‘magneto_get_north’ that will return the azimuth.
The module compensation can generate an
opposite magnetic field to eliminate the magnetic interference. This module
controls the value of the curser in the digital potentiometer, which drive the
Similarly to the other modules, when the
command COMPENSATION is executed, the method ‘compensation_exec’ switch the
first parameter. This last one corresponds to the axis of the magneto sensors
to compensate. The second parameter corresponds to the compensation’s value.
These two parameters are passed in argument on the function
‘magneto_compensation’ that realize this operation and returns the value VALID
to confirm the compensation. | | <urn:uuid:df5ba65c-d475-45e7-b2b4-eda9537ff22c> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://www.angelfires-fr.com/software/index.php?page=PCB&PHPSESSID=6c0adf059d960f4e244a63ba842c5bd3 | 2024-10-14T23:23:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.828382 | 1,155 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Based on information provided by the World Health Organisation, concerning dengue fever, from 15th of April to 17th of May the first cases were recorded in the country of São Tomé and Príncipe, especially in the area of Agua Grande (90, 87%), but also in Mézochi (7, 7%), Lobata (4, 4%); Cantagalo (1, 1%), i.e. the north-east area of the island of São Tomé; and the Autonomous Region of Principe Pague (1, 1%).
An epidemic of this type is generally present in other areas of Latin America, Caribbean Islands, Western Pacific Islands and South-East Asia.
The most common symptoms turned out to be fever, headache and myalgia, which affected both 10-19 year olds and 30-60 year olds peoples.
The cases were confirmed by rapid diagnostic tests analysed in Lisbon, which ascertained the dominance of the dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3), in fact, as many as four DENV serotypes can be detected, with the possibility of relapses determined by the same serotype or even others.
This is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, which produces mild illnesses and often asymptomatic cases.
Prevention and early detection makes it possible to avoid serious forms of dengue.
In order to contain the spread of the virus, which is non-lethal, national health authorities are promoting tracking systems to identify the most affected areas on which to promote fogging and source reduction measures, hence their commitment to the WHO to share, as well as publish, a dairy dengue bulletin.
There is no specific cure to neutralise the virus at the moment, so some personal prevention measures are recommended, including: the correct use, according to instructions, of repellents on exposed parts of the body not covered by clothing and on the clothes themselves, the use of mosquito nets on which insecticide can be applied, avoiding or minimising skin exposure particularly in enclosed spaces both during the day and at night, to reduce the rate of infection as much as possible.
Based on available information, the WHO does not place any restrictions on travel or trade to and from São Tomé and Príncipe.
More info > | <urn:uuid:780bf3d8-1617-4ced-a447-98f5e905637a> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://www.consolatosaotome.it/en/2022/06/25/info-dengue-fever/ | 2024-10-14T23:23:16Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.954425 | 480 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The summer break is well underway. The weather is warming and kids are getting used to some time away from school.
Parents, meanwhile, are trying to find ways to keep the kids entertained over the break.
Chances are you remember your own childhood summers full of adventures outdoors in some plot of green near your home. Perhaps you had cubby houses or made cakes out of mud or just ran around seeking shade under the nearest tree.
For this generation, not only have changes in families’ lifestyles resulted in children spending much less time outdoors than in previous generations, but many children prefer to spend time indoors playing electronic games, rather than getting out in nature.
In fact, the majority of children spend more than the recommended maximum of two hours per day involved in “screen time”. In a 2009 study, researchers found that over half of the Australian children studied between the ages of ten to 12 spent less than 1 hour outside each day.
But there are plenty of physical and mental benefits to outdoor time for children. Here are just a few reasons to get outside this summer.
1. Physical health
Research shows that children who play outside are more active and generally have a lower risk of childhood obesity due to higher levels of physical activity generally (how many children do you know that sit perfectly still outside?).
Also, children who take part in school veggie gardening projects develop more healthy eating habits, including making healthier food choices. Children are more curious about a variety of foods when they have watched them grow.
Interestingly, at least one study also shows that the more time a child spends outside, the lower their risk is for shortsightedness. An increase of about 45 minutes of outdoor time per day is enough to make a difference, which doctors suspect has to do with higher levels of light outside.
2. Immune system
Exposure to sunlight increases the body’s natural production of Vitamin D3. Children who are outside create more of this vitamin, which is important for bone and muscle development. It is also beneficial for overall health, but balancing your sun exposure is particularly important during the summer months, so remember to use sun protection as needed.
Despite the old adage that going out in the rain will make you sick, growing up on a farm can protect children from allergies and asthma. A day out playing in the rain does not make you ill – the most important thing is to be sure children are adequately dressed.
3. Cognitive skills
There are many benefits of natural environments in relation to how children’s brains work.
Research shows that being outdoors can lead to a range of cognitive benefits for children, including better memory, improvements in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, improved concentration, and better reasoning skills.
It is thought that exposure to nature plays a positive role in brain development by providing children with opportunities to take risks, discover new things, be creative, develop a sense of wonder and engage in new tasks.
4. Psychological state
Children can also benefit psychologically from being outdoors.
Research shows that exposure to natural environments can lead to a reduction in anger, a decreased risk for problem behaviour, greater respect for self and others, greater autonomy and a reduction in depressive symptoms.
Children’s ability to regulate their emotions is also improved through exposure to nature.
Attention Restoration Theory (ART) is one explanation for how exposure to nature helps children psychologically. It is thought that modern life requires extended periods of concentration, which leads to mental fatigue. This can make a person irritable and easily distracted. Exposure to nature, however, can help to repair this mental fatigue and restore a person’s wellbeing.
Children’s general wellbeing can also be helped by exposure to nature.
Studies have found that even the simple presence of nature (trees, grass, plants) near children’s homes can help children better cope with stress.
It also seems that spending time in nature can have long lasting benefits into adulthood. Research shows that children who spend more time in nature grow up to feel more connected to nature and have more positive attitudes about environmental sustainability.
The stress reduction theory offers one explanation for the impact of nature on children’s wellbeing.
Research shows that being in a non-threatening natural environment reduces the body’s stress reaction. The natural environment triggers the body’s relaxation response, where blood pressure, heart rate and cortisol levels are reduced.
So, this summer get your kids out to a park, go on a long nature walk, or simply have them go play outside in the garden for a few hours. It really is good for them. | <urn:uuid:2205c54a-8945-4858-86bf-18873a73d0dc> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://www.srt.info.np/2017/01/five-ways-kids-can-benefit-from-being.html | 2024-10-15T00:16:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.964152 | 947 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Design & Technology at Key Stage 4 - Resistant Materials
In KS4 our students have the opportunity to extend their understanding of a range of materials and processes. We focus on encouraging creative problem solving as a solution of best preparing students for their NEA task which makes up 50% of their overall GCSE grade. Whilst Year 10 is made up of multiple projects, Year 11 focusses on a single project. This project runs alongside theoretical topics which help support students understanding. | <urn:uuid:0acd5bec-1e9c-43db-a3d4-cefa60a52af0> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://www.ssso.southwark.sch.uk/page/?title=Design+%26amp%3B+Technology+at+Key+Stage+4+-+Resistant+Materials&pid=138 | 2024-10-15T00:06:09Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.963822 | 95 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Recently Russia successfully tested a new solid-fuel ICBM from its Kapustin Yar (on the lower Volga east of Volgograd/Stalingrad) test site. This was apparently the second successful test, as last October Russia tested an unidentified ICBM that was believed to be a new missile. This new ICBM is meant to replace the current Topol-M. After three more successful tests the new design will go into production, which may happen within two years. The tests were conducted from the same mobile launcher used for the Topol M. Currently, Russia has most of their RS-12 (Topol-M, also known as the SS-27 in the West) missiles in silos and a growing number on mobile transports. Russia prefers putting more of its new missiles on TELs (Transporter Erector Launchers) that carry ballistic missiles about the countryside, to make them more difficult to destroy (before they can be launched at an enemy). The United States, and other nations, can use spy satellites (that pass over the operating area for the TELs every 90 minutes) to track these TELs and their missiles but that still makes it more difficult for an enemy to make a surprise attack and knock out all Russian ICBMs. The 17.4 meter (54 foot) long TEL for the 46 ton Russian RS-12/24 missiles is a 16 wheel vehicle, using a 710 horsepower diesel engine.
The new ICBM is apparently the same size as the Topol M and probably uses a lot of the same technology, with enough improvements to justify calling it a new design. This is typical of Russian weapons development. The original Topol (RS-12M) was the first Russian mobile ICBM and entered service in the late 1980s. It was also Russia's first solid fuel ICBM. Three years ago Russia announced that the latest version of the Topol series, the RS-24 (Yars), had entered service. The RS-24 appears to be a slightly heavier version of the 46 ton Topol-M (or RS-12M1/M2). The RS-24 is being deployed in silos as well as on wheeled vehicles. The RS-24 carried more warheads (up to ten) than the Topol-M. The Russians developed the RS-24 to enable them to use all the additional warheads to penetrate American missile defenses.
Russia also announced recently that it has developed a liquid-fuel ICBM to replace its Cold War era RS-18 (SS-19) and RS-20 (SS-18) ICBMs. The prototype is under construction and tests are to begin next year. Previously Russia had planned to replace the old liquid-fuel missiles with the Topol M. It was not announced why they are sticking with liquid-fuel technology for the Cold War era “heavy” missiles. It might have something to do with the liquid-fuel missiles being able to lift heavier loads, making it possible to use them to also launch satellites. The liquid fueled missiles weighed 100-220 tons and had warhead weights of 5-9 tons. In contrast, all American ICBMs (including those launched from subs) are solid fueled and have a warhead weight similar to the Topol (about a ton). Russian SLBMs (Sea Launched ICBMs) also have the one ton warhead.
Russia has also been developing new warheads that contain “penetration aids,” like decoys and other deceptive devices. Whatever the Russians were doing with this, they wanted to keep most of the details secret. A year ago Russia revealed it had successfully tested a new ICBM warhead design. This was a MIRV (Multiple Independent Reentry Vehicles) "bus" (topmost stage of an ICBM) where each of the multiple warheads carried has its own guidance system. The Russians have been working on new MIRV designs, where the individual warheads can maneuver as they are entering the atmosphere, so they have a better chance evading anti-missile missiles. Not a lot of detail has been released about this. Two years ago Russia admitted that a test of a Topol M (RS-12/24 series) ICBM, carrying new countermeasures, failed. The new countermeasures were meant to defeat anti-missile missiles and were part of the same technology that recently succeeded. Russia has been spending a lot of time and money on "penetration aids" since the end of the Cold War (1991).
Russian leaders have become obsessed with American anti-missile systems and the possibility that these systems would render Russian nuclear ICBMs harmless. Since the Russian armed forces are but a shadow of what they were two decades ago, nuclear missiles are the main defense against a major invasion threat. On top of that, Russian leaders have, for centuries, tended to be paranoid.
Russia continues to test launch older RS-18 and RS-20 ICBMs. Russia still has over a hundred (out of a 1980s peak of 360) RS-18s in service and expects to keep some of them active into the next decade or until replaced by the new design. The test firings for the last six years have been successful, and other quality-control tests have come back positive. The 106 ton RS-18 is a 24.5 meter (76 foot) long missile that uses storable liquid fuel, meaning that the missile is inherently more complex than a solid fuel missile.
The RS-18 entered service in 1975, and it wasn't until the 1980s that Russia began producing reliable solid fuel rocket motors large enough for ICBMs (the 45 ton RS-12M). The last RS-18s were manufactured in 1990, and Russia expects each of them to have a useful life of 30 years via the same kind of product improvements being applied to the Topol M. Annual test launches ensure reliability.
The RS-18 was developed as a "light" ICBM, in effect, a competitor for the U.S. Minuteman series. The RS-18 was the first Russian ICBM to carry MIRV. The RS-18 carries six warheads and has a range of 10,000 kilometers. Topol-M has a range of 11,000 kilometers. Russia is also extending the life of its heavier (217 ton) RS-20 ICBMs to 30 years. This missile carries ten warheads and is also being converted to launch satellites. | <urn:uuid:39379512-c8d9-416e-9904-363935ddddc9> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/hticbm/20130620.aspx | 2024-10-15T00:06:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.972954 | 1,327 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Vaccination rates have risen quickly in the past three weeks. The Biden administration says it will have enough vaccine for all Americans by May 1 and is running ahead of that timetable. At this point, 25% of Americans have received at least one dose and 14% have been fully vaccinated. Nationwide, 164,300,795 doses have been delivered and 128,217,029 shots have been given.
Partially due to the growth in vaccination levels, COVID-19 daily confirmed cases across the United States have begun to slow, but it remains a tremendous danger. The daily growth of confirmed cases has waned to well under 100,000 from an amount much more than twice that three short months ago. New fatal cases per day now run as low as 1,000, which is as much as three quarters lower than the peak. Nevertheless, there have been 30,161,747 confirmed cases so far in America, which is about 25% of the world’s total. Fatal cases in the United States number 549,411, or about 20% of the global number.
There are two challenges to further slowing the spread of the disease. The first is variants, some of which may spread faster than the version that infected most people from last January until recently. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tracks three of these for the public: the B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1 variants. These variants have been found in all 50 states, and epidemiologists believe that there are many more variants than these three. Public health offices believe that as many as 30% of new cases in the United States are the B.1.1.7 variant.
The other challenge is the so-called opening up of parts of the country. Texas, the second largest state by population is a case in point. The governor has dropped the state’s mask mandate, allowed a renewal of social gatherings and fully opened businesses. News reports across the country showed college students partying, without masks, in Florida. Public health officials worry all this may cause a fourth wave of the disease. In fact, daily confirmed and fatal case rates have started to rise again in some counties and states.
Much of the reported data about COVID-19 covers raw numbers of deaths, recoveries, hospitalizations and confirmed cases. However, these figures do not allow people to compare places with very different population sizes. The solution is to report numbers on a per 100,000 person basis.
Currently, America’s worst hotspot, based on The New York Times analysis of counties with the highest number of recent cases per resident, is Webster County, Nebraska. On average, over the past seven days, it has had 193 cases per 100,000 people.
Webster is in the south-central part of the state, west of Lincoln and Omaha. The U.S. Census Bureau puts its population at 3,487, based on an estimate for July 1, 2019. Ninety-one percent of the county is white. At $46,188, its median income is well below the national average. Its poverty rate of 12.3% is slightly above.
America’s worst hotspot will be somewhere else in a few weeks, or perhaps sooner. In the meantime, Webster is as battered as anywhere else in the United States.
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Contact the 24/7 Wall St. editorial team. | <urn:uuid:20bd49dd-5855-4fe5-b823-2332098fed4d> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://247wallst.com/health-and-healthcare/2021/03/24/covid-19-this-is-americas-worst-hotspot-5/ | 2024-10-14T23:55:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.965426 | 835 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Following his bold testimony at the Diet of Worms, in order to protect him, friends had Martin Luther imprisoned in Wartburg Castle. Initially, he did not know who had captured him or where he was confined. While the drama of the Reformation raged on in the world outside, Luther remained in seclusion for nearly a year.
During this time he endured bouts of depression through which the Lord taught him lessons of faith and humility. During this time, several convictions that were in infancy matured in his mind to guide his life afterward. Most significantly, during this time he translated the Bible into German so the common man could read the Bible for himself. Luther’s biographer noted, “That same God who had conducted St. John to Patmos there to write his revelation, had confined Luther in the Wartburg, there to translate His Word.” The Reformer’s confinement in Wartburg castle protected him, refined him, and equipped him for greater service.
Luther’s experience is not unique. In the Bible, Moses spent forty years as a shepherd in Midian. David spent years fleeing from the vindictive King Saul. For over three years Elijah hid by the brook Cherith and then dwelt as a foreigner in Zarephath before returning to show himself to King Ahab. God made Philip the evangelist leave a fruitful ministry in populace Samaria to go to the desert of Gaza. The apostle Paul languished for several years in an uncertain incarceration at Caesarea and later at Rome.
Why would God set such people aside instead of employing them in a way we might consider more useful?
For Moses and David, these were years in which circumstances ordered by God’s providence were being worked out, and the character of God’s servants was being tempered to prepare leaders for the nation of Israel.
For Elijah, the years of hiding may have seemed long and pointless. Yet the widow and her son with whom Elijah dwelt were doubtless grateful to God that he came their way as they experienced through him miraculous provision and healing.
Why would God send an evangelist to a desert area where few people were found? A passing chariot carrying a Ethiopian government official reading Isaiah the prophet was the answer. Philip led this man to faith in Christ. Eternity alone will reveal how many people this Ethiopian went on to influence with the gospel in his own country.
What possible design could there have been in Paul’s being unable to travel and preach? His bonds in Christ encouraged others to be bold in their witness resulting in the furtherance of the gospel (Phil. 1:12-14). During this time Paul wrote the prison epistles which have blessed the people of God for two thousand years.
I have often listened as people in nursing homes or confined to a hospital bed for an extended stay lamented feeling imprisoned. “What possible reason could God have for my being here?” “It seems as if God has forgotten me.” “I feel so useless.” Most of us in our lives will experience a season of confinement. But God has His way. Confinement may liberate us for service that otherwise would not be done. We may be placed strategically where a Christian testimony is most needed. Confinement may also simply be God’s way of sanctifying us and weaning us from this world to look with greater longing for our heavenly home.
I do not want to be confined. And I have sympathy for those who are. But remember that it was while imprisoned that Paul wrote, “I have learned in whatsoever state I am therewith to be content.” (Phil 4:11) God is in control. God has a plan. God is present. God is good.
Scottish pastor Robert Murray M’Cheyne wrote, “It has always been my aim, and it is my prayer, to have no plan as regards myself; well assured as I am that the place where the Savior sees meet to place me must ever be the best place for me.” May God grant such a spirit to each of us – especially when we are confined. | <urn:uuid:c283b4af-897f-4a22-9f99-0b5589e565fc> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://abcbelding.org/2018/08/31/confinement/ | 2024-10-14T23:42:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.982032 | 854 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Japanese researchers have discovered an overlap between the mechanism of hair color determination and bone resorption.
- Bone is resorbed by osteoclasts, which rely on a group of small “Rab” proteins regulating logistics between various compartments within cells.
- Proteins called Rab32 and Rab38 play a central role in bone resorption in osteoclasts.
- These proteins are also crucial for hair and skin pigmentation.
If there is an imbalance between bone formation and resorption, diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatism and periodontitis can occur. As a reminder, bones are resorbed by a cell, called an “osteoclast,” and several substances, such as acids and enzymes, are secreted in the places where the osteoclast attaches to the bones and where resorption occurs. Osteoclasts depend on a group of small proteins, called “Rab”, which regulate logistics between various compartments within cells.
Rab32 and Rab38 proteins are crucial for bone resorption and hair pigmentation
However, “the Rab proteins involved have been little understood. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of osteoclast function, we first examined the Rab proteins particularly induced during osteoclast formation in mice”, said Kazuya Noda, professor at Osaka University (Japan). As part of’a first study, the scientist and her team discovered that the Rab32 and Rab38 proteins played a central role in bone resorption in osteoclasts. They are both crucial in determining hair color, regulating logistics to the melanosome, an organelle specialized in pigmentation of skin and hair-forming cells.
In a second study, the researchers conducted an experiment on a mouse lacking Rab32 and Rab38 proteins. Result: the animal had beige hair color and red eyes, while the wild-type mouse has black hair and eyes. The authors found that the rodent lacking both proteins had increased bone density and that with age, its spine became more deformed. “We also showed that bone resorption by osteoclasts is defective in mice whose proteins are doubly inactivated,” explained Shiou-ling, co-author of the work.
Understanding the mechanism of bone resorption to better treat bone diseases
As a reminder, bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatism and periodontitis are associated with hyperactivation of bone resorption by osteoclasts. “Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanism of bone resorption facilitated by Rab32 and Rab38 will provide us with useful information regarding potential therapeutic targets for these pathologies,” concluded Takeshi Noda, who participated in both researches. | <urn:uuid:e694576c-97e8-4513-aecf-99f73e5d0725> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://acemind.net/bone-density-is-maintained-by-the-same-process-as-hair-color | 2024-10-14T23:20:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.962814 | 572 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Educeri was developed in 2015 by the owners of DataWORKS Educational Research. Educeri provides ready to use lessons to help teachers and parents (homeschoolers) to provide lessons ready to use on a variety of subjects in a multi-media environment. With hundreds of “Ready to Teach” lessons available on their website, with a click of a mouse, you can be ready to go on a variety of lessons topics for grades Kindergarten through High School.
With lessons in a variety of subject areas from math to music, Educeri provides traditional school teachers and homeschool teachers with lessons that are ready to present. Each lesson has the teacher power point ready to use and a .pdf handout to provide the student to use to work through the lesson.
HOW TO USE IT
We decided the best way to use the lessons for us was to pick a topic that we were wanting to work on or were studying in our other areas and use Educeri to supplement it. One area of focus for us this semester is telling time. My 7 year old son is working on getting better at his telling time so we decided to begin using Educeri with their time lesson to make sure there were no gaps in our understanding and presentation and work through more advanced telling time lessons.
Each lesson has the lesson “Ready to Teach” my clicking the TEACH LESSON button. This activates the lesson so you can begin. Additionally, screen has a description of the lesson as well as the link to the student handout to print for your student. We started with a lesson on telling time to the nearest quarter hour, which could be found when I searched for “TIME” in the search engine. You could also find it by selecting the grade level and subject area to find related lessons. For instance, if you search ‘2nd’ in GRADE and ‘math’ in SUBJECT, you will find this lesson as well as several other grade appropriate lessons.
Most lessons are common core aligned and each lesson includes:
- cover page
- objective and prior knowledge
- concept development presentation and exercises
- skill development presentation and exercises
- lesson relevance
- exit activity and closure
- independent practice
Many of the lesson also include core review and additional practices and exercises. Graphics, supporting tables and charts, and other information is available in each slide. Answers to questions appear in read as the teacher or parent clicks through the lesson. The student sheets have the same exercises for the student to work through then the parent/teacher can display the answers on the presentation once the students have had time to work through questions and problems.
There are boxes on most slides highlighting what to ask to Check for Understanding (CFU) and vocabulary words are highlighted on appropriate slides. Graphics are good and layout of slides is easy to understand. Student worksheets are black and white and very easy to read and use.
Marker tools are available on each slide if you want to use them to highlight or write on the whiteboard during the presentation. I can see this being very effective in the classroom environment.
We were also studying the Crusades in our history this semester so we decided to see if Educeri had anything to offer in that arena. And they did. We decided to use the 7th grade presentation on the Crusades in the history section to supplement our study of the Crusades. This provided some additional information, resources, vocabulary definitions, and even discussion points for our studies.
WHAT WE THOUGHT
Overall, I think the concept is good to have “Ready to Teach” lessons available for popular and common subjects. Educeri is very much made for the classroom environment in my personal opinion. The common core alignment, the traditional educational terms used throughout to ensure the lessons are meeting common core requirements, the whiteboard approach, and way they are presented are very group environment friendly and not typically what we use in our small, homeschool environment. However, they were thorough lessons that could be used in whatever manner you wished in your homeschool environment to cover a subject you needed new or additional information on that may or may not have been covered in other areas of your homeschool.
I found the lessons very formal and typical of a classroom environment presentation; however, if you are looking for additional assistance on a subject or a different way of teaching something and you don’t want to have to go to the trouble of putting together another lesson, this might be a good way to do that. Educeri has done the work for you and prepared the lessons and provided the teacher/parent with the resources, information, and student worksheet, along with guidenace on reading, discussions, pictures, and answers. Quizzes are states to be available soon on many of the lessons as well to further complete the lesson comprehension check.
I think Educeri is definitely meeting a need in the educational world. I’m not sure that Educeri is something that would have a consistent place in our homeschool; but i certainly feel that it would have it place in some less Classical model homeschools like ours. I think the lesson prep appears to be thorough on the lessons that we used and the information very complete. Though the choices for many of the grades is limited, Educeri states that are adding new lessons all the time and I can see this being an excellent resource bank for traidiotnal educators and homeschool educators alike. | <urn:uuid:aaf00e04-7bb0-4230-afb9-4e9f7bdc542e> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://adventuresinhomeschooling.com/2016/10/19/ready-to-teach-lessons-educeri-review/ | 2024-10-15T00:42:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.969295 | 1,127 | 2.90625 | 3 |
The Two Marias
The small local park in Santiago de Compostela is called Alameda Park and is located just past the old town. Upon entering, you are greeted by a statue of two ladies. The statues are replicas of the Spanish sisters Maruxa and Coralia Fanino Ricart. Both ladies are brightly dressed and offer an open hand in a warm gesture. However, their faces have a solemn undertone representing their troubling story and how they became the Two Marias of Alameda Park.
The sisters were raised in a family of 13 siblings. During the regime of Franco, three of the brothers had an active role in the Confederacion Nacional del Trabajo. This was an organisation fighting against the sovereignty of the Spanish general. The story goes, the brothers were arrested and detained in the early 1950s. They experienced consistent emotional abuse, torture and excessive physical brutality. Upon release, a brother passed due to injury whilst the other two went into hiding. The family was consistently interrogated as to their whereabouts as well as persecuted for harbouring fugitives. The impact of this led to the death of the women’s parents and many of the siblings.
The sisters, who later became the Two Marias, were both trained as seamstresses. However, because of the pressures and attention on the family, they were often unable to find work. Many of the locals were known to donate food and other items to the women. In the early 1960s, it was reported that a storm tore down the roof of their home. To help the family, the town collected 250,00 pesetas in donations. At that time, it was enough money for the ladies to purchase a new flat.
Along with another sister who later died, the ladies would habitually enter Alameda Park in Santiago de Compostela at 2 PM. They would be dressed in bright clothing, high heels and even brighter make-up. The ladies would gallivant around and flirt with the much younger university students. Many locals suggest the women experienced poor mental health due to the trauma which led to this exuberant behaviour. Whilst others thought the women were simply trying to find some enjoyment in their troublesome life. The women were regularly seen until the 1980s when Maruxa passed. Coralia left the town of Santiago de Compostela and died three years later.
The statues were laid in the local park in Santiago de Compostela by sculptor Cesar Lambera in 1994 in memory of the two women. Throughout the years a coat of fresh paint has given the ladies new and brighter clothing, truly representing the legend of the Two Marias.
Whilst many locals depict the Two Marias as unwell and flirtatious; others view their lives and statues as a symbol of the fight against oppression and inequality. Following your Camino de Santiago, if you have any steps left in you, go and visit the Two Marias and decide for yourself. Whether you see the ladies as freedom fighters or tarty older women; the ladies definitely continue to impact the modern day town of Santiago de Compostela!
The Two Marias of Santiago de Compostela. (2016). Retrieved May 13, 2016, from https://www.glamourgrannytravels.com/2016/03/03/the-two-marias-of-santiago-de-compostela/
Two O’clock with The Two Marys in Santiago De Compostella. (2013). Retrieved May 13, 2016, from https://myboltdotcom.wordpress.com/2013/02/05/two-oclock-with-the-two-marys-in-santiago-de-compostella/ | <urn:uuid:56e9509f-b076-47a7-a6bc-069bbe34bf74> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://andaspain.com/blog/two-marias/ | 2024-10-15T00:35:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.974354 | 767 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Keratosis pilaris, often mistaken for pimples or follicultis , is a harmless skin condition that leads to the development of dry, rough patches and small bumps on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks, and buttocks. These bumps are not painful or itchy, resembling sandpaper in texture. They occur due to an accumulation of keratin, a tough protein that safeguards the skin against infections, which clogs the hair follicles.
Severe cases of keratosis pilaris tend to arise during seasonal transitions when the skin becomes dry due to low humidity levels. Fortunately, this condition typically fades away by the time a person reaches the age of 30. | <urn:uuid:511bd013-5bc6-488c-8352-dbf57d968cdd> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://artofskin.com/services/keratosis-pilaris/ | 2024-10-15T00:07:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.935968 | 137 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The English trumpeter is one of the most popular pigeon breeds in the USA. It’s common in exhibitions and shows in the USA as well as in other parts of the world. Its most distinctive feature is the large muffs covering its feet—these grow so big that they almost become similar to the size of the bird’s flight feathers.
This article covers more details about the English Trumpeter pigeon breed. You’ll learn more about its history and original physical appearance and disinvite features, behavior and temperament, suitability as pets, and how to take proper care of them in terms of housing, proper diet, healthcare, and more.
English Trumpeter Pigeon Quick Facts:
Scientific name | Columba livia domestica |
Other names | None |
Breed name | English Trumpeter |
Origin | United States |
Breed purpose | Exhibition, ornamental, pets |
Size | Small to Medium |
Weight | 230 to 380 grams |
Flying ability | Good |
Cost | $100 to $300 |
Lifespan | Around 5 to 7 years |
Origin and history
Though the origin of the English Trumpeter is in England (hence its name) around1600s, the modern breed we know today was developed in America.
It’s therefore safe that its current name is misleading as the origin of this bird is the United States.
(Click this link to learn more about the history of trumpeter pigeons in general).
Like other domesticated pigeon breeds, this fancy breed was developed over many years of selective breeding and is a descendant of the rock dove.
As a fancy pigeon, this breed is primarily used for ornamental and exhibition purposes.
Since this is a domesticated pigeon, it can now be found in most parts of the world.
These birds are named trumpeters due to the unique vocalizations they make.
Here’s an awesome video showing the most common color and markings for English trumpeter pigeons
The typical English trumpeter is small to medium-sized, weighing approx. 230 to 380 grams and approximately 11 inches long.
Since this is a fancy pigeon breed, it goes without saying that it has an overall elegant appearance.
It’s marked by distinct features such as a crest on its head which appears cape-like while staying thrown back to expose the pigeon’s face.
But the most distinctive feature that makes this bird stand out is the large muffs on its feet. These can grow to become as large as the bird’s flight feathers.
As it’s common with all domesticated breeds, the English trumpeter is available in a wide variety of colors. These are usually grouped into 3 categories namely self, splash, and baldhead.
The English trumpeter is known for its calm and gentle temperament, which makes it great for keeping as a pet.
Besides, it’s sociable and friendly and can coexist peacefully with other pigeons without any fights. They also show no territorial behavior, so they can live peacefully with other birds.
These birds are not aggressive toward their owner. In fact, they appreciate regular interaction and handling to help keep them tame.
Another trait of this bird is unique vocalizations. They have a unique cooing that resembles drum-like sound (with rising and falling tones). It comes out as a soft and melodious sound that’s pleasing to your ears.
However, these birds aren’t good flyers due to the many large feathers covering their feet and hock.
These greatly limit its aerodynamic capabilities, so you shouldn’t expect the bird to fly too much, even when inside its loft.
A balanced diet for English Trumpeter should be comprised of a mix of grains and seeds such as corn, barley, millet, wheat, etc.
These can be easily acquired commercially. Most pet stores sell pigeon mixes specially formulated for the birds or you can mix the seeds for your birds.
Additionally, you’ll need to provide these pigeons with fresh fruits and veggies to help ensure they get all the essential minerals and vitamins in their bodies
And make sure you thoroughly wash the fruits/veggies and remove any harmful seeds before giving them to your birds.
English trumpeters also like drinking water a lot, so you should ensure you provide them with fresh, clean water every day.
Avoid feeding your trumpeter human food, or simply foods that contain high amounts of fat, sugar, salt, etc. as they can lead to health comp0lications in their bodies
Also, avoid overfeeding your pigeons with one type of food, e.g. high-fat seeds, as they can lead to obesity and other health issues.
English trumpeters as pets
English trumpeters will also make great pets due to their good temperament as well as their unique and attractive appearance. The domesticated pigeon is also low maintenance and easy to care for.
If you wish to keep English trumpeter pigeon as a pet, then you should be able to meet all its special care requirements.
You should provide it with suitable living conditions. Make sure the birds live in a spacious loft that allows them to move around and exercise. The housing should be well-ventilated, safe from elements and predators, and regularly cleaned.
Proper nutrition is also important. The perfect diet for the birds should include seeds, grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables (refer to our previous section for more info). Clean and fresh water is also part of this bird’s daily diet.
Regular interaction and handling are also recommended for these fancy pigeons as they’re generally friendly and sociable in nature. This will help keep them from getting stressed or fearful.
Regular vet invitations are also recommended for these birds. This helps keep them healthy and free from common pigeon illnesses that may turn fatal and cost their lives.
Breeding of English trumpeters is possible and can be a rewarding experience when you know how to do it correctly.
Generally, you can ensure successful breeding by providing your birds with suitable nesting sites, balanced diet, and overall clean living space to eliminate potential health risks.
You should also carefully select the mating pair to ensure you end up with chicks with your desirable traits.
During the incubation, you should avoid disturbing the birds to increase the chances of successful hatching results.
And after the eggs get hatched, you ought to take good care of the young pigeons to ensure their survival and overall health and well-being.
Monitor their feeding, growth, and development. Provide them with a warm and comfy environment, and ensure proper vet care to keep them healthy.
Watch the video below for more helpful breeding tips from a long-time English trumpeter breeder
English trumpeter price
The average cost of English trumpeter is around $100 to $300 per bird. The price varies depending on a variety of factors including the quality of the bird, your location, age, and the breeder.
High-quality birds with desirable show traits such as quality feathers, loud and clear vocalizations, well-proportioned body, etc., usually command high prices.
If this bird is rare in your location and the demand is high, then you may also be required to pay more.
Younger birds may be a bit cheaper compared to their adults.
Overall, it’s always advisable to ensure you buy your pigeons from a reputable breed to ensure you get a good quality and healthy bird at a fair price tag.
English trumpeter’s life expectancy is around 5 to 7 years, though some birds can go up to 10 years with proper care and attention. The bird’s longevity can be influenced by a variety of factors including genetics, diet, living conditions/environment, etc.
You can help extend the lifespan of your bird by providing it with suitable living conditions, a balanced diet, and proper healthcare to keep away various health issues that might reduce the bird’s lifespan.
The bird is a poor flier due to the feathers covering its hock and feet which can grow quite long (around 8 to 10 inches long—around the same size as its flight feathers). For this reason, the bird is generally raised for shows/exhibitions and not as a flying bird.
English Trumpeter pigeon is one of the USA’s finest. It’s an attractive bird and excellent for ornamental and exhibition purposes. Some of its most unique features include large muffs, a tuft crest, and an overall beautiful body appearance that comes in a variety of colors.
The bird’s also calm and gentle nature means you can keep it as a pet. However, proper care is required when keeping these birds as pets. You should provide them with a suitable living environment, balanced diet, and regular vet visitations for the sake of their health and wellbeing. | <urn:uuid:cc7aeeea-959f-4273-a1df-12d035af030c> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://avicultureblog.com/english-trumpeter-pigeon/ | 2024-10-15T00:53:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.961625 | 1,838 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Case 1: The main kernel creates N grid kernels for a total of N+1 kernels. The main kernel is not taking part in the grid computation, so it is idle, waiting for the grid computation to end. Thus the main kernel does not require significant cpu time, and so each grid kernel gets exclusive access to a CPU. N cpus, N running kernels.
As @Carl Love says, the main kernel will be swapped out, so it will not interfere with the running kernels. If you look at a process monitor you should see N+1 kernels, but only N of them actively running. If you run the simple example I posted near the top of this thread you should see that behaviour. Now, if you look at the process monitor, you'll see that there are dozens if not hundreds of processes on your system, the vast majority of which are not actively running. These idle processes are not assigned a specific CPU. When they need to run, the OS will put them onto a CPU when one is available, and move whatever process was there off. However this happens very quickly so that if there is a processes that wants to run at 100%, you'll rarely notice the other processes getting swapped in and out.
Case 2: The distinction between case 1 and case 2 is if the kernel calling Map is the main kernel or a grid kernel. Main kernel is case 1, grid kernel is case 2. For case 2 to happen, Map called by a grid kernel, there must already be grid kernels, so Maple will not create more grid kernels in Case 2. Some other command, for example Launch, was called and that call created the grid and launched a computation. As part of that computation the grid kernels call Map, which is case 2. Case 2 happens on an existing grid, it does not create one.
When Maple creates a local grid, it follows the same default behaviour no matter which Grid command is used to create it. Maple will create N grid kernels (for a total of N+1 kernels). | <urn:uuid:7b0aefd7-2d11-47fd-ba86-7e15caa2d383> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://beta.mapleprimes.com/users/dohashi/replies | 2024-10-15T00:58:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.933167 | 411 | 3.015625 | 3 |
There is only one true species of wolf in America: the gray (or timber) wolf. While they may be found in different colors—like white, red and black—the species is the same.
Wolves are not ‘human haters’ like portrayed to be in movies. Wolves’ insatiable thirst for human flesh is patently false. In 500 years (yes, 500) there has been only one recorded human killed by a wolf and that wolf was rabid.
Roughly 65 to 70 years ago, it was commonly thought that in order to have more deer and elk, you must eradicate the predators—namely wolves. Nothing could be further from the truth. Plenty of research has proven that wolves are a vital part of any successful ecosystem.
With the reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park, researchers witnessed the ecological phenomena known as the trophic cascade. Without predators, prey such as elk had changed their behavior and negatively altered other parts of the ecosystem such that only one beaver colony remained in the park. Without wolves preying on elk, elk herds would forage along streams among willows, destroying the willow habitat. Without willow, a primary food source for the beaver, it was difficult for beavers to repopulate. Once the wolves returned, elk needed to go deeper into the woods during the winter to decrease vulnerability, leaving willow stands alone. Today there are nine beaver colonies in Yellowstone.
As wolves return to an ecosystem, other animal groups also benefit. Wolf kills, such as elk, feed grizzlies as grizzlies chase off wolves to feed. Beaver colonies help streams; streams become more abundant with fish, and bears forage for fish. The presence of wolf packs means fewer coyotes. Fewer coyotes equal more rodents. More rodents equal more raptors such as osprey, hawks, owls, and eagles.
Not to worry about the elk either. They protect their numbers by creating small, more maneuverable herds to avoid wolves. Their numbers are nearly identical to what they were when no wolves were around.
As another example of wolves benefitting the ecosystem, since wolves were reintroduced in Wisconsin, the deer population nearly doubled from 1963 to 1993.
Where Are They?
You can’t swing a dead caribou around your head without hitting a spot where wolves can be found. There are an estimated 7,500-10,000 wolves in Alaska.
A subspecies of the timber wolf, the Mexican Grey Wolf—through an agreement between Mexico and the United States—was recently reintroduced in Arizona. There are around 50 in the entire state.
Idaho attempts to manage its own population by having an annual harvest/killing. In this vast western state, they have somewhere in the neighborhood of 750 wolves.
Yes, Northern Michigan has wolves. They sit somewhere around 600 wolves, all of which are in the Upper Peninsula.
Minnesota once sheltered the last remaining wolves in the contiguous 48 states. Now the state has a thriving population of around 2,000 wolves. Most are located in the upper northern part of the state, near the Canadian border like on the gorgeous Gunflint Trail.
Montana is another state working to self-manage its wolf population. In spite of Montana being our third largest state, the state only has around 500 wolves.
The same reintroduction program as Arizona is being practiced in New Mexico. They have around 50 wolves as well.
In the eastern forest of North Carolina there are a few packs with an estimated 45 wolves. These wolves are a subspecies known as the red wolf.
The wolves in Oregon are in the eastern section of the state. The population is around 100. In parts of Oregon wolves are under federal protection.
Very few wolves reside in Washington. There are only about 80 and all are situated in the upper northeastern part of the state. These wolves have all emigrated from Idaho.
In northern Wisconsin, mostly along the counties adjacent to Lake Superior, there are approximately 750 wolves.
Mostly situated in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming’s wolf population is around 350. If you’re super patient, your best odds of finding them is in Lamar Valley as they follow Soda Butte Creek down from the Abasorka Mountain range.
Unsubstantiated (as well as confirmed) sightings have been in California, Utah, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, plus half-breeds (coyote/wolf or Coywolf) in Illinois. Most of the sightings are in the northern sections of their respective states, with the exception of Utah where they have been seen in both northern and southern sections. However, there are no known breeding packs in these states.
Have any sightings you’d like to share or photos? Leave us a comment! | <urn:uuid:ed15f394-4daf-425a-92ec-270f79e1d2c6> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://blog.campingworld.com/lifestyle-activities/best-places-see-wolves-america/ | 2024-10-15T00:40:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.960035 | 997 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a transformative force in cloud computing, representing a paradigm shift from traditional IT infrastructure to a dynamic, scalable model offering on-demand virtualized computing resources. This evolution highlights the drive for efficiency and flexibility in IT operations, liberating businesses from hardware dependence and enabling growth beyond physical limitations. IaaS’s significance lies not just in resource virtualization, but in its philosophy of flexibility, responsiveness, and cost-effectiveness, providing the agility needed to adapt to changing demands and acting as a catalyst for organizational transformation.
Understanding Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a powerful force in the digital landscape of today, changing the way that businesses manage and deploy IT resources. Cloud computing is a method of delivering computing services, such as storage, computing power and software, over the Internet, thereby eliminating the need for servers and infrastructure. This paradigm shift allows organizations to leverage and access these resources as needed, allowing flexibility and scalability which traditional computing models cannot match.
Cloud Computing Definition
Cloud computing is a term that encompasses a variety of services including Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service and Software as a Service. To fully grasp the scope of cloud computing, it is important to understand each service model.
Cloud Computing: Key Characteristics
Cloud computing is characterized by its scalability, resource pooling and self-service provisioning. Cloud computing is more efficient and cost-effective when resources can be scaled based on the demand.
Cloud Computing Deployment Models
Cloud services can be used in different ways using public, hybrid, or private cloud deployment models. The deployment model that an organization chooses will depend on the specific needs of their business, taking into account factors like security, control and cost.
Impact on business operations
Cloud computing is having a major impact on the way businesses are run. Cloud computing facilitates remote collaboration and data accessibility. It also accelerates innovation through a flexible, scalable IT infrastructure.
Challenges & Considerations
Cloud computing is not without its challenges. These include security issues, compliance concerns, and vendor lock-in. It is crucial to understand and address these challenges in order to successfully adopt cloud computing.
Evolution and IaaS
A Historical Perspective on Infrastructure as a service
The evolution of Infrastructure as a Service is a fascinating story that mirrors the broader growth of cloud computing. Early computing relied on dedicated hardware and on-premise servers, which were limited in terms of flexibility, scalability and cost efficiency. IaaS, which offers virtualized infrastructure components via the internet, marked a paradigm change.
IaaS was introduced to the market in order to reduce organizations’ dependence on physical hardware. This led to high operating costs and under-utilization. The traditional model did not provide the agility needed to meet the needs of modern business.
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Rise of Virtualization
Virtualization technology has played a crucial role in the development of IaaS. Virtualization enabled the creation of virtual machines. This allowed for a more efficient use of hardware resources, and led to the infrastructure that we have today.
The IaaS Emerges
The rise of IaaS vendors like Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform allowed organizations to manage and provision infrastructure components using a pay-as-you-go model. This was a major departure from the capital-intensive traditional model.
Key Milestones for IaaS Development
IaaS is a growing industry that has seen many key milestones over the years. These include the introduction of advanced network solutions, storage innovations and the integration of cutting-edge technology such as artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.
IaaS: Its advantages
Businesses are looking for solutions to optimize their costs and increase efficiency in the digital age. Infrastructure as a Service, or IaaS, emerges as a beacon on this landscape. It offers a trio of benefits that propel organizations to a whole new world of possibilities.
IaaS offers unparalleled cost-efficiency. The traditional IT infrastructure requires substantial investments up front in hardware and maintenance. IaaS operates under a pay-as-you-go model. It means that organizations will only pay for resources they use, thus avoiding unneeded expenses on idle hardware. This flexibility allows businesses to align IT costs with usage, which promotes financial efficiency and strategic resource distribution.
Traditional infrastructure is geographically restricted, which can limit the ambitions of global businesses. IaaS overcomes these limitations because it provides global access to computing resources. IaaS, which has data centers strategically placed around the globe, allows organizations to reach a wider audience and provide services to them seamlessly. This accessibility enhances not only the user experience, but also facilitates an agile and responsive environment for business.
Organizations that are considering a move to cloud-based services have faced significant security concerns. IaaS, however, has evolved into a fortress in digital security. IaaS leaders invest heavily in the latest security measures including data encryption and identity and access management. They also have robust firewalls. These measures protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, cyber threats and other security risks. They provide a level of protection that is superior to what most organizations can achieve using on-premise solutions.
Understanding IaaS’s core components is key to understanding its technology prowess. These components are designed to work together in order to provide the flexibility and scalability which make IaaS an industry-changing technology.
Virtualization is at the core of IaaS. This innovative approach allows the creation of virtual instances for computing resources such as servers and disk storage within a single physical system. Virtualization optimizes resource usage and facilitates rapid deployment of applications. It is the backbone of IaaS. This allows for dynamic resource allocation based on the demand.
IaaS is only as effective as its networking infrastructure, which seamlessly connects all virtualized resources. IaaS networking components facilitate communication between virtual machines, data storage and end users. This interconnected ecosystem ensures applications run smoothly, that data is securely transmitted, and that users experience minimal latencies. The networking component is crucial to a responsive and reliable computing environment. It can do everything from load balancing, network segmentation and data transmission.
Storage is an important part of any IT infrastructure. IaaS provides innovative storage solutions which go beyond the limitations of conventional storage systems. Storage is virtualized in an IaaS-environment and is available on demand. This flexibility allows for organizations to dynamically scale their storage needs. IaaS offers a range of storage solutions that are tailored to different business needs, whether it is data archiving or backup solutions.
Infrastructure as a Service is the foundation of cloud computing. Several major players dominate in this area. Three of them stand out, offering unique services and capabilities.
AWS is a leader in cloud computing services and offers a wide range of IaaS. AWS offers a reliable and scalable infrastructure for countless businesses, from computing power to databases and storage. AWS is a great choice for enterprises of any size, thanks to its vast ecosystem of services.
Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform that has quickly gained traction in the market. It offers a complete suite of IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) services. Azure, which leverages Microsoft’s software and enterprise solutions expertise, provides seamless integration between cloud and on-premises environments. Azure offers a platform that is well integrated, supports a variety of workloads, and allows for efficient resource management.
Google Cloud Platform, a powerful IaaS solution that is known for its expertise and innovation in data management and analytics and innovative solutions, is an excellent choice for companies looking for IaaS. GCP offers high-performance storage, networking, and computing services. Google Cloud’s focus on data-driven insight makes it a particularly attractive option for organizations that want to harness the power of machine learning and big data.
IaaS’s versatility is demonstrated by its wide range of applications, which can be applied to a variety of industries and scenarios.
IaaS is a cost-effective and scalable solution for large enterprises to meet their dynamic computing requirements. IaaS allows enterprises to scale their infrastructure without having to maintain physical hardware, whether they are hosting mission-critical apps, managing databases or supporting a global distributed workforce.
Development and Testing Environments
IaaS can be a game changer for testing and development teams. The provisioning of virtualized environments at any time accelerates software development. Developers can test different configurations and simulate real-world scenarios. They can also collaborate more effectively.
Big Data Analytics
IaaS can provide the robust infrastructure needed to support big data analytics, which is data-intensive. IaaS platforms can be used to process massive datasets, run complex algorithms or manage storage for large amounts of data.
Deploying applications on IaaS
Deploying apps on Infrastructure as a Service is a crucial aspect to harnessing the potential of cloud computing. This section examines two main methods of application deployment in an IaaS-enabled environment.
Virtual Machines: the Workhorse for IaaS
Virtual machines (VMs), the cornerstone for IaaS deployment, are virtualized computing environments. Hypervisors allow multiple VMs on a physical server to run. Virtualization allows businesses to run multiple applications on the same infrastructure while optimizing resource usage and flexibility.
Containers and Kubernetes – Streamlining Application Orchestration
Containers and Kubernetes gained popularity in recent years for IaaS deployment. Containers are used to encapsulate applications and their dependencies. This ensures consistency between environments. Kubernetes is an open-source platform for container orchestration that simplifies management and scaling containerized applications in IaaS. This approach increases efficiency, speeds up deployment and allows for seamless scaling.
Comparison of IaaS and Other Cloud Services
Businesses seeking the best cloud solution must understand the differences between Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service and Software as a Service. This section compares and contrasts these cloud service models.
IaaS and PaaS: Finding the Right Balance
Infrastructure as a Service and Platform as a Service differ in the level of abstraction. IaaS allows users to have a finer control of the infrastructure and manage virtualized resources. PaaS abstracts the infrastructure details so that developers can focus on the application development and deployment. The choice between the two depends on the needs and expertise of the individual user.
IaaS and SaaS: Customizing Solutions to Needs
Infrastructure as a Service and Software as a Service are tailored to meet different business requirements. IaaS gives organizations more control of the software stack by allowing them to customize infrastructure elements. SaaS, on the other hand, delivers applications that are ready to use and accessible via the internet. IaaS or SaaS depends on the user’s preference for convenience over customization.
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) and Digital Transformation
Infrastructure as a Service is a powerful catalyst in the world of fast-paced technology. This paradigm shift in IT Infrastructure empowers organizations with innovative and agile development methods, creating a landscape that is constantly evolving and improving.
IaaS is a great way to foster innovation. It offers a flexible and dynamic infrastructure. Organizations can experiment with innovative ideas, applications and services, without being restricted by traditional hardware limitations. It is possible to quickly provision resources, which allows teams to test and iterate innovative solutions. This fosters a culture of exploration and creativity.
Supporting Agile Development
IaaS is a perfect fit with agile development practices at the core of digital transformation. The on-demand nature allows development teams to adapt to changing needs, scale resources when needed, and deploy apps more efficiently. IaaS is the foundation for agile methodologies. It allows businesses to quickly respond to market needs and remain competitive.
Future Trends of IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a dynamic landscape, and future trends will shape the way that organizations use cloud resources. Two prominent trends are emerging as technology advances: Edge Computing Integration and AI/Machine Learning Integration. These trends will redefine IaaS capabilities and possibilities.
Edge Computing Integration
Edge computing is a major shift in the way data is processed and used. IaaS evolves to support edge computing. This allows organizations to process data close to the source. It reduces latency, and enhances real-time decisions. This integration makes sure that IaaS is at the forefront of technology advancements and can meet the needs of applications that demand low-latency, high-performance computing.
AI and Machine Learning Integration
Synergy of IaaS with artificial intelligence (AI) is a game changer. IaaS adapts to meet the needs of organizations that rely more on AI and machine-learning for data-driven insights. IaaS’s scalability, computational power and flexibility allow businesses to train and deploy complex machine learning models without needing a large in-house infrastructure.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is pivotal in digital transformation, enabling seamless cloud transitions, fostering innovation, and supporting agile development through on-demand resource provision. Two key trends, Edge Computing Integration and AI/Machine Learning Integration, are set to shape IaaS’s future. Edge computing enhances real-time data processing and reduces latency by bringing data processing closer to the source. Meanwhile, AI integration leverages IaaS’s scalability and computational power, facilitating the deployment and training of complex machine learning models, thus offering businesses unprecedented opportunities for data-driven insights and technological innovation without the need for extensive infrastructure investment.
Infrastructure as a Service is more than a cloud computing service. It represents a force that transforms the digital landscape. IaaS, which is dynamic in nature, can help organizations to move into a new era of digitalization and align with emerging trends. IaaS’s ability to foster innovation, support agile development and integrate cutting-edge technology positions it as a cornerstone of organizations that want to not only adapt to the future digital but thrive in it.
Q. Is IaaS suitable for all businesses?
IaaS can be adapted to both small businesses and large corporations.
Q. What security measures does IaaS provide?
IaaS service providers use robust encryption and identification management to enhance data security.
Q. How is IaaS different from traditional hosting?
IaaS, unlike traditional hosting, allows for dynamic scaling and on-demand resource provisioning.
Q. Can IaaS systems be integrated with existing on-premises systems?
IaaS is often used to support hybrid deployments. This allows seamless integration with on-premise infrastructure.
Q. What is the future scope for IaaS services?
IaaS evolves to integrate edge computing with AI, shaping the future technology. | <urn:uuid:9496ad7b-fadb-4046-8f86-881ffe74956b> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://blog.emb.global/cloud-computings-backbone-iaas/ | 2024-10-14T23:49:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.925533 | 3,177 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Welcome to the fascinating world of plumbing, where pipes, valves, and fixtures come together to ensure the smooth flow of water and maintain the comfort of our daily lives. Plumbing plays an essential role in our homes, offices, and public spaces, yet it often remains unnoticed until a problem arises.
From ancient civilizations to modern times, plumbing has evolved significantly, adapting to the changing needs of society. What once consisted of simple channels and rudimentary systems has evolved into a complex network of interconnected pipes, designed to efficiently transport water for various purposes.
Plumbing encompasses a wide range of disciplines, from installation and maintenance to repair and troubleshooting. Highly skilled plumbers dedicate their expertise to ensure reliable and safe water supply, efficient drainage systems, and the overall well-being of our infrastructure. Whether it’s the installation of new fixtures, resolving leaks and blockages, or retrofitting existing systems, plumbers are the unsung heroes who keep our water flowing.
In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of plumbing, exploring its history, its importance in modern society, and the various aspects homeowners and professionals should be aware of. We will uncover the common plumbing problems encountered and offer tips on how to address them. Plumbing is a field that requires both knowledge and practical skills, and by gaining a better understanding, we can navigate this intricate world with confidence.
So, get ready to dive deep into the world of plumbing as we explore the ins and outs, the twists and turns, and the sheer marvel that lies behind the walls to keep our lives running smoothly. Let’s embark on this journey of discovery together and unravel the mysteries that lie beneath the surface.
History of Plumbing
In the early days, plumbing was a primitive form of water transportation. People used hollowed-out logs and stone channels to carry water from one place to another. These rudimentary plumbing systems were mainly used for irrigation and to supply water for domestic animals.
As civilizations advanced, so did plumbing techniques. Ancient Egyptians, for example, developed intricate water distribution systems using clay pipes and canals. They were the pioneers of indoor plumbing, with wealthy households having access to toilets and bathing facilities.
The Romans took plumbing to a whole new level. They built extensive aqueducts to bring water from distant sources to their cities. These aqueducts were marvels of engineering, using the force of gravity to transport water over long distances. Roman plumbing systems also included public baths and a sophisticated sewage system that kept their cities remarkably clean.
Plumbing continued to evolve throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, but it was during the Industrial Revolution that modern plumbing as we know it today began to take shape. The invention of cast iron pipes allowed for the easy transportation of water, and advancements in sanitation led to the development of modern toilets and sewage systems.
Today, plumbing is an essential part of our daily lives. From our kitchens to our bathrooms, plumbing provides us with clean water, essential for cooking, cleaning, and hygiene. Plumbing also plays a crucial role in public health, ensuring that waste is properly disposed of and preventing the spread of disease.
In conclusion, the history of plumbing is a testament to human ingenuity and the importance of having access to clean water and sanitation. From simple wooden channels to sophisticated systems, plumbing has come a long way and has greatly improved our quality of life.
Importance of Plumbing
A functioning plumbing system is crucial for maintaining a healthy and convenient living environment. Plumbing plays a vital role in our daily lives, ensuring the proper supply of clean water and the effective removal of waste. Without reliable plumbing, many everyday tasks would become challenging, if not impossible, to perform.
Access to Clean Water: Plumbing allows us to have access to safe and clean water in our homes, schools, offices, and public spaces. This is essential for drinking, cooking, bathing, and other household chores. Without plumbing, obtaining clean water would require significant time and effort, making daily life unmanageable.
Sanitation and Hygiene: Plumbing facilitates the removal of wastewater and sewage from our living spaces. It prevents the accumulation of waste, effectively enabling sanitation and hygiene. Proper disposal of waste ensures the prevention of diseases and maintains a healthy environment for everyone.
Convenience and Comfort: Plumbing systems provide us with convenience and comfort in various ways. They enable the use of toilets, showers, sinks, and appliances such as dishwashers and washing machines. Imagine having to fetch water manually for every task or not having a toilet readily available – daily life would be far less comfortable and time-consuming.
Emergency Leak Repair
In conclusion, the importance of plumbing cannot be overstated. It plays a vital role in our lives by providing access to clean water, ensuring sanitation and hygiene, and offering convenience and comfort. Plumbing is an essential aspect of modern living that we often take for granted, but its significance should not be overlooked.
Common Plumbing Issues
Plumbing problems can be both frustrating and inconvenient. Here are three common issues that homeowners often encounter when it comes to their plumbing:
Leaky Faucets: Leaky faucets are a frequent annoyance faced by many households. They can waste a significant amount of water over time and lead to higher utility bills. The most common cause of a leaky faucet is a worn-out washer within the fixture. Replacing the washer or the entire faucet, if necessary, can usually fix the issue and help conserve water.
Clogged Drains: Clogged drains can disrupt the flow of water and cause backups in sinks, showers, or toilets. Common culprits for clogs include hair, soap scum, food particles, and mineral buildup. Using drain cleaners or a plunger can often resolve minor clogs. However, for stubborn blockages, it may be necessary to consult a professional plumber who can employ specialized tools to clear the drain.
Running Toilets: If your toilet continues to run long after it has been flushed, it can result in a significant amount of wasted water. This problem is usually caused by a faulty flapper valve or a defective fill valve. Replacing these components can effectively stop the toilet from running constantly and prevent unnecessary water wastage.
By being aware of these common plumbing issues, homeowners can take the necessary steps to address them promptly and avoid further complications. Remember, though some plumbing problems can be resolved with DIY methods, it’s always wise to seek professional assistance for more complex issues. | <urn:uuid:d9269d9f-1ce2-4037-887c-bc1329f7b84a> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://bohja.xyz/the-plunge-into-the-world-of-plumbing/ | 2024-10-15T01:03:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.949414 | 1,328 | 3.15625 | 3 |
As I’ve discussed here previously, when trying to solve woodwind-playing problems there’s a useful distinction between problem-specific solutions and simply shoring up fundamental technique.
Here are some examples of problem-specific solutions:
- Second-octave G-sharp tends to crack on saxophone, especially tenor? When you get to that note, blow warmer air (in other words, use a lower voicing).
- Low notes on oboe respond sluggishly? Try dropping your jaw a bit as you descend into that register.
- Flute pitch sagging at softer dynamics? Increase your breath support as you decrescendo.
Notice that all of these suggestions give you a sort of localized task to perform—make some change to your tone-production technique whenever you play a certain note. This is an exhausting way to play: trying to remember and execute a handful of directives for each note that goes by; discovering that a constantly-changing tone-production technique makes tone, pitch, and response unstable; adding another layer of fixes to try to counteract the instability. It can quickly become too much to process, and higher-order things like musical expression get sacrificed.
Sometimes these localized fixes are necessary, usually as a workaround to some flaw or compromise in the equipment’s design or manufacture. But much more often the “fix” should be an improvement to fundamental technique:
- If lowering your voicing helps the cracking G-sharp on tenor, what would happen if you used that lower voicing on every note?
- If taking some jaw pressure off the oboe reed helps the low notes speak, what would happen if you didn’t add that pressure back in the higher registers?
- If increasing breath support helps buoy up softer notes, would it hurt the louder ones?
My guess is that by making these fixes part of your fundamental technique, instead of applying them here and there like bandages, you would discover:
- a richer, more in-tune tenor saxophone tone
- clearer, more immediate oboe articulation, with less fatigue/pain
- flute playing improved in virtually every aspect
Examine your problem-specific fixes carefully, and try making them your default approaches rather than special-occasion ones.
When dealing with problem spots in your music, it’s okay to remind yourself of relevant and helpful fundamental techniques, but the ultimate goal should be to remove as much as possible of the mental overhead and physical gymnastics from your playing. Develop good basic technique that lets the instrument more or less play itself, so you can focus on the creative aspects. | <urn:uuid:cd5a4b56-2e84-4814-b401-12867030b70c> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://bretpimentel.com/focus-on-fundamentals-not-localized-fixes/ | 2024-10-15T01:02:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.939806 | 542 | 2.59375 | 3 |
CHEJ highlights several toxic chemicals and the communities fighting to keep their citizens safe from harm.
Acknowledging the Limits to Assessing Low Dose Mixtures of Toxic Chemicals
Approximately 1 year ago a Norfolk Southern train carrying more than 150 cars, many of which containing toxic chemicals derailed in East Palestine, OH. Thirty-eight of the train cars derailed and a decision was made by Norfolk Southern to burn the contents of 5 tanker cars containing vinyl chloride and other toxic chemicals. This unleashed a huge black cloud of particulates that enveloped the surrounding neighborhoods and farms in both OH and PA.
Immediately after the burn, people in East Palestine began reporting adverse health symptoms including, headaches, nose bleeds, skin rashes, central nervous symptoms, thyroid problems and more. These and other adverse health problems have continued to plague the residents of this rural midwestern town.
EPA responded immediately by telling people that everything was alright, that there was no cause for alarm. EPA’s testing found no levels of “concern.” But the people in East Palestine could not accept this narrative because they knew things were not right. They knew the health effects they were suffering were real. They knew that EPA was not telling them the truth.
If EPA were honest with the people at East Palestine, they would have told them that they don’t understand why people are continuing to report so many illnesses while their data tells them that there should not be any adverse health problems in the community.
But if EPA did that, if they acknowledged how little is known about the link between adverse health effects and exposures to mixtures of chemicals, the people of East Palestine would demand action in the face of these uncertainties. Action like paying for people to relocate from the area so that they can stop being exposed to the toxic chemicals which are still in the air, getting the health care they need and moving on with lives.
It is clear from the situation in East Palestine that very little is known about how people respond to exposures to low level mixtures of toxic chemicals. It’s time to acknowledge that the scientific understanding does not exist to explain what is happening to the health of the people in East Palestine or other communities exposed to toxic chemicals. It’s time to recognize that we cannot rely on traditional toxicology to answer the questions people have about their exposures to low level chemical mixtures.
In an editorial about evaluating low dose exposures, Linda Birnbaum, former director of the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, described the traditional approach to evaluating health risks as “antiquated” and said that it needs to be replaced by a “better understanding of the actual characteristics of modern environmental chemicals.” Birnbaum went on to say that “It is time to start the conversation between environmental health scientists, toxicologists, and risk assessors to determine how our understanding of low doses effects and non-monotonic dose responses influence the way risk assessments are performed for chemicals with endocrine disrupting activities.”
It’s time to acknowledge that the tools we have are not able to answer the questions people ask about their exposures to toxic chemicals and give people the relief they are asking or, whether it’s cleanup, relocation, health care or something else.
This is exactly what the government did for the Vietnam veterans exposed to Agent Orange; for the atomic bomb victims exposed to radiation fallout; for the 9/11 first responders in New York City; for the soldiers exposed to burn-pit smoke in Iraq and Afghanistan; and for the marines and their families at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina who drank contaminated water.
In each of these instances, the government recognized that the science linking exposure and health outcomes was impossible to assess and instead of requiring proof of cause and effect, they said, enough, we need to take care of our own and moved to a presumptive scientific approach that allowed veterans and first responders to get health care and other compensation. We should do the same for the people of East Palestine and in hundreds of other communities that have been exposed to low level mixtures of toxic chemicals. | <urn:uuid:2f4c9254-f96c-43fe-b88d-7b14d83c510c> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://chej.org/tag/linda-birnbaum | 2024-10-14T23:52:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.973076 | 837 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Each year, approximately 22 percent of all vehicle collisions in the United States are attributed to inclement weather conditions such as rain, snow, and high winds. Winter activities of all kinds can lead to unwanted auto accidents. Knowing the dangers of winter driving can go a long way to preventing accidents on the road.
Heavy rainfall, fog, blowing snow, and debris can affect a driver’s ability to clearly see the road and possible obstructions. Without proper experience, a driver’s capability to safely operate their vehicle may be affected. Traffic speeds are also reduced when visibility is limited, often leading to delays and accidents.
Lane Obstruction & Submersion
Winter driving conditions can also cause problems with vehicle stability and performance. During inclement weather, roads can be obstructed by wind-blown debris, and rock or mud slides. Road submersion is common with flooding and just six inches of water may cause drivers to lose control of their cars. Many cars will start to float in just one foot of water and two-foot depths can sweep away even larger vehicles.
Heavy rain with poor drainage is a common cause of NorCal accidents because pavement friction is greatly reduced. A vehicle can hydroplane when a large amount of surface water causes the vehicle’s tires to lose contact with the road. Ice will also decrease a car’s contact with the road. Caused by sleet and the refreezing of moisture, black ice is even more dangerous because it is nearly transparent and invisible to drivers.
The presence of ice and snow can reduce vehicle speeds up to 25 percent on wet pavement and from 30 to 40 percent when slush or snow is present. In foggy conditions, drivers need to slow to account for low visibility. Gridlock is also common in urban areas because traffic signal timing does not change to account for lower vehicle speeds. Slower speeds actually increase the likelihood of vehicle collisions because drivers are not expecting to encounter slow or stopped traffic.
Engine trouble or collisions may leave disabled vehicles on the roadside or even blocking the road. Engines can stall in high water levels because it can be sucked into the exhaust or wash into the air intake. Vehicle batteries use more power when starting up and the driving range for electric vehicles is reduced in cold weather.
Vehicle collisions during the winter months are more likely, but they can be avoided. Whether the roads are icy and wet or traffic is slow there are preventative measure drivers can take. Experience, preparation, caution, and vehicle maintenance can reduce the likelihood of accidents during inclement weather. | <urn:uuid:969b0deb-9b47-432f-acb7-fffa05ccfd10> | CC-MAIN-2024-42 | https://cibulalaw.com/winter-season-causes-rise-norcal-accidents-redding-ca/ | 2024-10-15T00:56:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944255525.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20241014225046-20241015015046-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.953162 | 520 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits