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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic%20power%20network
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A hydraulic power network is a system of interconnected pipes carrying pressurized liquid used to transmit mechanical power from a power source, like a pump, to hydraulic equipment like lifts or motors. The system is analogous to an electrical grid transmitting power from a generating station to end-users. Only a few hydraulic power transmission networks are still in use; modern hydraulic equipment has a pump built into the machine. In the late 19th century, a hydraulic network might have been used in a factory, with a central steam engine or water turbine driving a pump and a system of high-pressure pipes transmitting power to various machines.
The idea of a public hydraulic power network was suggested by Joseph Bramah in a patent obtained in 1812. William Armstrong began installing systems in England from the 1840s, using low-pressure water, but a breakthrough occurred in 1850 with the introduction of the hydraulic accumulator, which allowed much higher pressures to be used. The first public network, supplying many companies, was constructed in Kingston upon Hull, England. The Hull Hydraulic Power Company began operation in 1877, with Edward B. Ellington as its engineer. Ellington was involved in most of the British networks, and some further afield. Public networks were constructed in Britain at London, Liverpool, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow. There were similar networks in Antwerp, Melbourne, Sydney, Buenos Aires and Geneva. All of the public networks had ceased to operate by the mid-1970s, but Bristol Harbour still has an operational system, with an accumulator situated outside the main pumphouse, enabling its operation to be easily visualised.
History
Joseph Bramah, an inventor and locksmith living in London, registered a patent at the London Patent Office on 29 April 1812, which was principally about a provision of a public water supply network, but included a secondary concept for the provision of a high-pressure water main, which would enable workshops to operate machinery. The high-pressure water would be applied "to a variety of other useful purposes, to which the same has never before been so applied". Major components of the system were a ring main, into which a number of pumping stations would pump the water, with pressure being regulated by several air vessels or loaded pistons. Pressure relief valves would protect the system, which he believed could deliver water at a pressure of "a great plurality of atmospheres", and in concept, this was how later hydraulic power systems worked.
In Newcastle upon Tyne, a solicitor called William Armstrong, who had been experimenting with water-powered machines, was working for a firm of solicitors who were appointed to act on behalf of the Whittle Dene Water Company. The water company had been set up to supply Newcastle with drinking water, and Armstrong was appointed secretary at the first meeting of shareholders. Soon afterwards, he wrote to Newcastle Town Council, suggesting that the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Traffic%20System
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The National Traffic System (NTS) is an organized network of amateur radio operators sponsored by the American Radio Relay League for the purpose of relaying messages throughout the U.S. and Canada.
During normal times, these messages are routine greetings ("Happy birthday Aunt Mary") and keep the system well oiled and the operators trained so that everything works when needed. When there is an emergency or disaster NTS works closely with the Amateur Radio Emergency Service to provide emergency communications. The most common type of disaster-related messages are "health and welfare" inquiries and notifications into and out of the area affected by the disaster.
In time of disaster, it is easy to expand the system by simply creating additional meeting times for the nets with high volume, or by setting up a specific "trunk line" between two points.
History
Traffic passing by formal relay (via amateur radio) originates from the founding of the American Radio Relay League. The NTS as it exists today was first outlined by George Hart, W1NJM (died 24 March 2013) in "New National Traffic Plan: ARRL Maps New Traffic Organization for All Amateurs" as part of the September 1949 issue of QST. While traffic passing between amateur radio operators was nothing new, Hart's system extended coverage of traffic capability in a uniform manner across the U.S. and Canada, creating formal section and area nets devoted to handling NTS-organized traffic.
In April 2022, the ARRL chartered a project, NTS 2.0, to refresh procedures and standards to remain relevant to contemporary Emergency Communications services.
Organizational structure
NTS is defined using geographic areas. The U.S. is divided into areas that approximate time zones. Areas are divided into regions, and regions into sections that correspond to a state. Each of these subdivisions has nets for collecting and distributing traffic. A net is nothing more than a time of day and a radio frequency where the appropriate group of amateur operators can meet to send the messages on their way. ARRL Radiogram traffic typically begins and ends its journey at local nets, often through nearby repeaters. Local nets typically involve city or county-wide coverage on VHF (2-metre band) or UHF (70 cm band), and although the ARRL does not endorse a single mode for traffic passing, messages are typically relayed by voice at this level.
Representatives from section nets relay traffic collected from local nets up to the appropriate region net, or relay to a nearby section for further delivery. Messages are exchanged between section and region representatives, which are then passed to area nets, the highest level in the system. Nets at these upper levels usually take place on HF band modes for their distance capabilities (e.g. 20 or 10 metres) and can be passed by voice, CW, digital, and even packet modes.
As traffic trickles back down through the area, region, section, and local nets, messages are typically delivered via a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC%20display%20code
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Display code is the six-bit character code used by many computer systems manufactured by Control Data Corporation, notably the CDC 6000 series in 1964, the 7600 in 1967 and the following Cyber series in 1971. The CDC 6000 series and their successors had 60 bit words. As such, typical usage packed 10 characters per word. It is a six-bit extension of the four-bit BCD encoding, and was referred to as BCDIC (BCD interchange code.)
There were several variations of display code, notably the 63-character character set, and the 64-character character set. There were also 'CDC graphic' and 'ASCII graphic' variants of both the 63- and 64-character sets. The choice between 63- or 64-character character set, and between CDC or ASCII graphic was site-selectable. Generally, early CDC customers started out with the 63-character character set, and CDC graphic print trains on their line printers. As time-sharing became prevalent, almost all sites used the ASCII variant - so that line printer output would match interactive usage. Later CDC customers were also more likely to use the 64-character character set.
A later variation, called 6/12 display code, was used in the Kronos and NOS timesharing systems in order to support full ASCII capabilities. In 6/12 mode, an escape character (the circumflex, octal 76) would indicate that the following letter was lower case. Thus, upper case and other characters were 6 bits in length, and lower case characters were 12 bits in length.
The PLATO system used a further variant of 6/12 display code. Noting that lower case letters were most common in typical PLATO usage, the roles were reversed. Lower case letters were the norm, and the escape character preceded upper case letters.
The typical text file format used a zero-byte terminator to signify the end of each record. The zero-byte terminator was indicated by, at least, the final twelve bits of a 60-bit word being set to zero. The terminator could actually be anywhere from 12- to 66-bits long - depending on the length of the record. This caused an ambiguity in the 64-character character set, when a colon character needed to be the final character in a record. In such cases a blank character was typically appended to the record after the trailing colon.
Display code characters (64-character character set version)
6/12 display code
The NOS 6/12 display code is one of the character sets used on CDC Cyber NOS computers to represent all ASCII characters.
Further reading
External links
Charsets for CDC machines
Character sets
Control Data Corporation software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal%20plexus
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The renal plexus is a complex network of nerves formed by filaments from the celiac ganglia and plexus, aorticorenal ganglia, lower thoracic splanchnic nerves and first lumbar splanchnic nerve and aortic plexus.
The nerves from these sources, fifteen or twenty in number, have a few ganglia developed upon them.
It enters the kidneys on arterial branches to supply the vessels, Renal glomerulus, and tubules with branches to the ureteric plexus. Some filaments are distributed to the spermatic plexus and, on the right side, to the inferior vena cava.
The ovarian plexus arises from the renal plexus, and is one of two sympathetic supplies distributed to the ovary and fundus of the uterus.
Additional images
References
External links
Nerve plexus
Nerves of the torso
Kidney
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CER-10
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CER model 10 was a vacuum tube, transistor and electronic relay based computer developed at IBK-Vinča and the Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Belgrade) in 1960. It was the first digital computer developed in SFR Yugoslavia, and in Southern Europe.
CER-10 was designed by Tihomir Aleksić and his associates (Rajko Tomović, Vukašin Masnikosa, Ahmed Mandžić, Dušan Hristović, Petar Vrbavac and Milojko Marić) and was developed over four years. The team included 10 engineers and 10 technicians, as well as many others. After initial prototype testing at Vinča and a redesign at the M. Pupin Institute, it was fully deployed at the Tanjug Agency building and worked there for the SKNE from 1961 and the Yugoslav government's SIV, from 1963 to 1967.
The first CER-10 system was located at the SKNE (Federal secretary of internal affairs) building in 1961, which would later belong to Tanjug. The M. Pupin Institute donated the computer's case and some parts of the CER-10 along with its documentation to the Museum of Science and Technology in Belgrade in March 2006, where the computer's CPU is now displayed.
Specifications
1750 vacuum tubes
1500 transistors
14000 Germanium diodes
Magnetic core primary memory: 4096 of 30-bit words
Secondary memory: punched tape
Capable of performing min. 1600 additions per second
Gallery
See also
CER Computers
Mihajlo Pupin Institute
History of computer hardware in the SFRY
List of vacuum tube computers
Rajko Tomović
References
External links
http://www.pupin.rs/Profile
Mihajlo Pupin Institute
One-of-a-kind computers
Vacuum tube computers
CER computers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CER-22
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CER ( – Digital Electronic Computer) model 22 is a transistor based computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia) in 1967-1968. It was originally intended for banking applications and was used for data processing and management planning in banks, trade and utility companies in Belgrade. Three CER-22 computers were purchased by Beobanka, Jugopetrol and BVK–Belgrade companies. (For more details see: Ref.# 1, #2, #3, and #4).
The principal designers and chiefs of the project teams were:
Dušan Hristović, Svetomir Ojdanić, Veselin Potić, Radivoje Ilić et al. for Beobanka;
Dr Sc. Miroslav Jocković, Branimir Leposavic, Michael Savikin, Ljubivoje Marković et al., for Jugopetrol co.;
Vladislav Paunović, Miloš Marjanović, Petar Vrbavac, Dragiša Tinković et al. for BVK-Belgrade.
Technical characteristics of the CER-22
Technology: IC (MSI), transistor and diode logic circuits (See also: Ref. #2, #5, #6).
Printed circuits boards with the ribbon connectors;
CPU performance: the 16-cycle instructions (10 microseconds);
Magnetic core memory: 32 KB capacity (memory cycle time of 2 microseconds);
Disk storage CDC-854 (max 8 disk units);
Card reader and puncher: 300 cards/min and 150 cards/min;
Paper tape reader and puncher, type "Facit": 1000 characters/s and 150 characters/s;
Parallel Line Printer, type DP MZ-4: 128 characters/line, 600 lines/min.
See also
CER Computers
CER-10
Mihajlo Pupin Institute,
History of computer hardware in the SFRY
References
Electronic Computer System CER-22 (Dušan Hristović, Ljubivoje Marković, Slavoljub Rajić), Proc. of IV Symp. Informatika-68, pp. 271–278, Ljubljana-Bled, October 1968; In Serbian.
Computer CER-22 (Dušan Hristović), HPEEA journal, No 10, pp. 5–12, Belgrade October 1969; In Serbian.
Digital electronic computers CER (M. Momčilović, D. Hristović, et al.), Proc. of the seminar Mehanizacija i AOP u preduzećima, pp. 38–58, Nova Varoš, May 22, 1969; In Serbian.
“TIM Computers” (D. Milićević, D. Hristović Ed.), pp. 165–166, Naucna knjiga, Belgrade 1990;
Review and Analysis of the computers CER (Vladislav Paunović, Dušan Hristović), Proc. of the 44. Conf. ETRAN-2000, vol.3, pp. 79–82, Soko Banja, June 26, 2000. In Serbian.
Computing technology in Serbia, by Dusan Hristovic, PHLOGISTON journal, No 18/19, pp. 89–105, Museum MNT-SANU, Belgrade 2010/2011. In Serbian.
External links
CER-22 - manufacturer's web-site.
CER computers
Transistorized computers
Mihajlo Pupin Institute
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telerehabilitation
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Telerehabilitation (or e-rehabilitation is the delivery of rehabilitation services over telecommunication networks and the internet. Telerehabilitation allows patients to interact with providers remotely and can be used both to assess patients and to deliver therapy. Fields of medicine that utilize telerehabilitation include: physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, audiology, and psychology. Therapy sessions can be individual or community-based. Types of therapy available include motor training exercises, speech therapy, virtual reality, robotic therapy, goal setting, and group exercise.
Commonly used modalities include webcams, videoconferencing, phone lines, videophones and webpages containing rich Internet applications. The visual nature of telerehabilitation technology limits the types of rehabilitation services that can be provided. Telerehabilitation is therefore often combined with other modalities such as in-person therapy.
Important areas of telerehabilitation research include the investigation of new and emerging rehabilitation modalities as well as comparisons between telerehabilitation and in-person therapy in terms of patient functional outcomes, cost, patient satisfaction, and compliance.
As of 2006, only a few health insurers in the United States will reimburse for telerehabilitation services. If the research shows that tele-assessments and tele-therapy are equivalent to clinical encounters, it is more likely that insurers and Medicare will extend coverage to certain telerehabilitation services as was the case during the pandemic (see also Occupational Therapy).
Technologies
Plain old telephone service (POTS) with videophones/phones in telerehabilitation
There are several types of connections used with real time exchanges. Plain old telephone service (POTS) uses standard analog telephone lines. Videophones are used with POTS lines and include a camera, display screen, and telephone. Videophones use telephone lines that are available in most homes, so are easy to set up; however small display screens make them problematic for individuals with vision problems. This can be solved by using a large screen or television as a screen.
Videotelephony/Videotelephony in telerehabilitation
The use of improved quality video-assisted telecommunication devices, such as videoconferencing, webcams and telepresence to assist in treatments.
Virtual reality/Virtual reality in telerehabilitation
Virtual reality in telerehabilitation is one of the newest tools available in that area. This computer technology allows the development of three-dimensional virtual environments.
Motion technology/Motion technology in telerehabilitation
Web-based approaches/Web-based approaches in telerehabilitation
Applications that run over the internet, just as if they were installed in your computer (called Rich Internet Applications), represent a new direction in software development. A person subscribes to the website rather than
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CER%20Computer
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CER () was a series of early computers (based on vacuum tubes and transistors) developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s.
Models:
CER-10 - 1960, based on vacuum tubes, transistors, electronic relays, and magnetic core memory. First Yugoslav digital computer (developed in "Vinca"-Institute) in (SFRY).
CER-2 - 1963, a prototype model
CER-20 - 1964, CER-30 - 1966, - the prototypes of the "electronic bookkeeping machine" for EI Niš and RIZ Zagreb;.
CER-200 - 1966, series of 18 "electronic bookkeeping computers".
CER-202-1968; CER-203 - 1972
CER-22 - 1967, based on transistors, MSI circuits, magnetic core memory, punched cards and magnetic disks. Serie of 3 electronic systems, used for on-line banking operations and data processing applications;
CER-12 - 1971, "electronic computer for business data processing", based on VLSI technology, wire wrapping boards, magnetic disks and magnetic tapes;
CER-11 - 1966, based on transistors, core memory, Teletype printer etc. Mobile military computer (used in the JNA (Yugoslav People's Army);
CER-101 Kosmos - 1973, based on VLSI circuits, core memory, magnetic drum, paper tapes, Teletype printers; Mobile computer in special military vehicles (used in the JNA's V.T. Institute);
CER-111 - 1975, Mobile military computer, based on VLSI technology, Hard disk drive; Used in JNA until 1989.
Models and types
CER-Computers Table (author: Dušan Hristović, M.P.Institute, Belgrade University); GFDL and CCSA 3.0 License.
See also
History of computer hardware in Yugoslavia
List of computer systems from Yugoslavia
References
Rajko Tomović, A.Mandzić, T.Aleksić, P.Vrbavac, V.Masnikosa, D.Hristović i M. Marić: «CIFARSKI ELEKTRONSKI RAČUNAR – CER INSTITUTA VINČA«, Zbornik V Konf. ETAN – 1960,tom 1, pp. 305–330, Beograd, 18. November 1960.
Vukašin Masnikosa:«Aritmetički organ eksperiment.numeričke mašine u IBK-Vinča«, ELEKTROTEHNIKA,vol.8,No 8,pp.xx, Belgrade 1959.(takodje: ETAN-1958,pp. 303)
Dušan Hristović,Branko Dokmanović:«Napajanje rač.mašine CER«, V Konf.ETAN-60, pp. 315–324, Belgrade 1960.
Tihomir Aleksić,P.Vrbavac,J.Opačić: «Magnetno-tranzistorski brojački element i njegova primena u brojačima impulsa«,AUTOMATIKA i ELEKTRONIKA,vol.2,No4,Beograd 1962.
B.Janković,N.Parezanović,S.Rajić,M.Marić:«Analiza jednotakt.prekid.sistema na univ. računarima«,Zbornik 8.Konf. ETAN-1963, tom 1,pp. 211–217, Zagreb,7.Sept.1963.
Dušan Hristović: »Tranzistorski izlazni pojačavači za feritne memorije«, Zbornik 8.Konf. ETAN-1963, tom 1, pp. 219–225, Zagreb, 7.September 1963.
Nedeljko Parezanović: «Elektronski računar sa usvajanjem programa«, Zbornik 8.Konf.ETAN-1963,tom 1, pp. 199–204, Zagreb, 7.Sept. 1963.
Veselin Potić:«Poluprom. memorija induktivnog tipa«, 9.Kon.ETAN-64,pp. 243–246, YU Bled .
M.Hruška,M.Marić:”Pristupni sistem brze koincid.mem.vel.kapaciteta”,Zbornik 11.Konf.ETAN-67,tom 1,pp. 365–372, Niš 8.June 1967.
Dušan Hristović: »Računar CER–22«, HPEEA journal, No 10, pp. 5–
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EGS%20%28program%29
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The EGS (Electron Gamma Shower) computer code system is a general purpose package for the Monte Carlo simulation of the coupled transport of electrons and photons in an arbitrary geometry for particles with energies from a few keV up to several hundreds of GeV. It originated at SLAC but National Research Council of Canada and KEK have been involved in its development since the early 80s.
Development of the original EGS code ended with version EGS4. Since then two groups have re-written the code with new physics:
EGSnrc, maintained by the Ionizing Radiation Standards Group, Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council of Canada
EGS5, maintained by KEK, the Japanese particle physics research facility.
EGSnrc
EGSnrc is a general-purpose software toolkit that can be applied to build Monte Carlo simulations of coupled electron-photon transport, for particle energies ranging from 1 keV to 10 GeV. It is widely used internationally in a variety of radiation-related fields. The EGSnrc implementation improves the accuracy and precision of the charged particle transport mechanics and the atomic scattering cross-section data. The charged particle multiple scattering algorithm allows for large step sizes without sacrificing accuracy - a key feature of the toolkit that leads to fast simulation speeds. EGSnrc also includes a C++ class library called egs++ that can be used to model elaborate geometries and particle sources.
EGSnrc is open source and distributed on GitHub under the GNU Affero General Public License. Download EGSnrc for free, submit bug reports, and contribute pull requests on a group GitHub page. The documentation for EGSnrc is also available online.
EGSnrc is distributed with a wide range of applications that utilize the radiation transport physics to calculate specific quantities. These codes have been developed by numerous authors over the lifetime of EGSnrc to support the large user community. It is possible to calculate quantities such as absorbed dose, kerma, particle fluence, and much more, with complex geometrical conditions. One of the most well-known EGSnrc applications is BEAMnrc, which was developed as part of the OMEGA project. This was a collaboration between the National Research Council of Canada and a research group at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. All types of medical linear accelerators can be modelled using the BEAMnrc's component module system.
See also
GEANT (program)
Geant4
References
External links
NRC-CNRC page for EGSnrc
KEK page for EGS5
EGSnrc Github page
EGSnrc online documentation
EGSnrc subreddit
Monte Carlo software
Physics software
Medical physics
Radiation therapy
Monte Carlo particle physics software
Free science software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele%20Sans%20Fil
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Île Sans Fil (French:"wireless island") is a non-profit community wireless network that provides free public wireless Internet access to mobile users in public spaces throughout the island of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The organization works with cafés, restaurants, bars, stores, community organizations, and individuals to provide free Internet access in public spaces. As of April 2010, the network had over 140,000 registered users (1,000+ users daily) and over 212 live hotspots. In 2016, the organization changed it operating name to Zone Access Public Montréal
Île Sans Fil's mission is to use technology to bring people together and foster a sense of community. In pursuit of that goal, Île Sans Fil experimented with using hotspots to promote interaction between users, display new media art, and provide geographically and community-relevant information. The group was volunteer-based until 2010.
In addition to the deployment of these hotspots, a group of developers inside Île Sans Fil lead the development of the captive portal suite WiFiDog. This open-source software was originally conceived for Île Sans Fil's internal use but gained international recognition. More than 30 community wireless networks outside Montreal used the WifiDog solution: New York, London, Berlin, Vancouver, Toronto, Quebec City, Sherbrooke, Paris, Brest and Marseille.
Technical projects
WiFiDog
The WiFiDog project is an open-source, embeddable captive portal solution. It uses the physical limitations of Wi-Fi as an advantage to encourage hyper-local social interactions through location-based content and location-based services. Some of the content shown to users is in the form of location-specific images via Flickr. Users can send pictures to the portal pages of specific ISF hotspots by using the appropriate tag; WiFiDog will grab them via Flickr's API and present them on the portal page to subsequent users. Another source of dynamic, interactive locative content is the use of any RSS feeds, from either the owner or other local sources.
The WiFiDog project was started by Île Sans Fil and has been used by over 30 communities and businesses across four continents. It can also aggregate and present other content in addition to that from Flickr and RSS.
HAL
HAL is a new open-source platform to distribute audio and video content to Wi-Fi network users. HAL assists Montrealers in discovering local artists and media producers by making their works available via wireless jukeboxes located at select Île Sans Fil hotspots. HAL provides high-speed streaming video and audio together with location-relevant media.
Artistic and community projects
Sonic Scene
Using the ISF hotspots in Montreal, Sonic Scene explores and creates personalized, mobile audio, video and textual experiences of the city. Working with artists Michelle Teran, Kate Armstrong, Michelle Kasprzak, Alex Bell and Tobias C. Van Veen (Project Lead), Sonic Scene is an artistic intervention into both the physical an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Matrix
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O-Matrix is a matrix programming language for mathematics, engineering, science, and financial analysis, marketed by Harmonic Software. The language is designed for use in high-performance computing.
O-Matrix provides an integrated development environment and a matrix-based scripting language. The environment includes mathematical, statistical, engineering and visualization functions. The set of analysis functions is designed for development of complex, computationally intensive scientific, mathematical and engineering applications.
The integrated environment provides a mode that is largely compatible with version 4 of the MATLAB language in the commercial product from MathWorks. Certain features of MATLAB, such as non-numeric data types (structures, cell arrays and objects), error handling with try/catch, and nested and anonymous functions, are missing in O-Matrix.
The O-Matrix environment includes a virtual machine of the O-Matrix language to enable re-distribution of applications.
External links
Array programming languages
Numerical programming languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside%E2%80%93outside%20algorithm
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For parsing algorithms in computer science, the inside–outside algorithm is a way of re-estimating production probabilities in a probabilistic context-free grammar. It was introduced by James K. Baker in 1979 as a generalization of the forward–backward algorithm for parameter estimation on hidden Markov models to stochastic context-free grammars. It is used to compute expectations, for example as part of the expectation–maximization algorithm (an unsupervised learning algorithm).
Inside and outside probabilities
The inside probability is the total probability of generating words , given the root nonterminal and a grammar :
The outside probability is the total probability of beginning with the start symbol and generating the nonterminal and all the words outside , given a grammar :
Computing inside probabilities
Base Case:
General case:
Suppose there is a rule in the grammar, then the probability of generating starting with a subtree rooted at is:
The inside probability is just the sum over all such possible rules:
Computing outside probabilities
Base Case:
Here the start symbol is .
General case:
Suppose there is a rule in the grammar that generates .
Then the left contribution of that rule to the outside probability is:
Now suppose there is a rule in the grammar. Then the right
contribution of that rule to the outside probability is:
The outside probability is the sum of the left and right
contributions over all such rules:
References
J. Baker (1979): Trainable grammars for speech recognition. In J. J. Wolf and D. H. Klatt, editors, Speech communication papers presented at the 97th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, pages 547–550, Cambridge, MA, June 1979. MIT.
Karim Lari, Steve J. Young (1990): The estimation of stochastic context-free grammars using the inside–outside algorithm. Computer Speech and Language, 4:35–56.
Karim Lari, Steve J. Young (1991): Applications of stochastic context-free grammars using the Inside–Outside algorithm. Computer Speech and Language, 5:237–257.
Fernando Pereira, Yves Schabes (1992): Inside–outside reestimation from partially bracketed corpora. Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, Association for Computational Linguistics, 128–135.
External links
Inside-outside algorithm - Fei Xia
The Inside-Outside Algorithm - Michael Collins
Parsing algorithms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged%20Command%20Queuing
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Tagged Command Queuing (TCQ) is a technology built into certain ATA and SCSI hard drives. It allows the operating system to send multiple read and write requests to a hard drive. ATA TCQ is not identical in function to the more efficient Native Command Queuing (NCQ) used by SATA drives. SCSI TCQ does not suffer from the same limitations as ATA TCQ.
Without TCQ, an operating system was limited to sending one request at a time. To boost performance, the OS had to determine the order of the requests based on its own possibly incorrect perspective of the hard drive activity (otherwise known as I/O scheduling). With TCQ, the drive can make its own decisions about how to order the requests (and in turn relieve the operating system from having to do so). Thus TCQ can improve the overall performance of a hard drive if it is implemented correctly.
Overview
For increased efficiency the sectors should be serviced in order of proximity to the current head position, not the order received. The queue is constantly receiving new requests, fulfilling and removing existing requests, and re-ordering the queue according to the current pending read/write requests and the changing position of the head. The exact reordering algorithm may depend upon the controller and the drive itself, but the host computer simply makes requests as needed, leaving the controller to handle the details.
This queuing mechanism is sometimes referred to as "elevator seeking", as the image of a modern elevator in a building servicing multiple calls and processing them to minimise travel illustrates the idea well.
If the buttons for floors 5, 2, and 4 are pressed in that order with the elevator starting on floor 1, an old elevator would go to the floors in the order requested. A modern elevator processes the requests to stop at floors in the logical order 2, 4, and 5, without unnecessary travel. Non-queueing disk drives service the requests in the order received, like an old elevator; queueing drives service requests in the most efficient order. This may improve performance slightly in a system used by a single user, but may dramatically increase performance in a system with many users making widely varied requests on the disk surface.
Comparison of SCSI TCQ, ATA TCQ, and SATA NCQ
SCSI TCQ
SCSI TCQ was the first popular version of TCQ and is still popular today. It allows tasks to be entered into a queue using one of three different modes:
head of queue
ordered
simple
In head of queue mode, unique to SCSI TCQ, a task is pushed into the front of a queue, ahead of all other tasks including other pending head of queue tasks. This mode is not used much because it can cause resource starvation when abused.
In ordered mode, a task must execute after all older tasks have completed and before all newer tasks begin to execute (excluding newer head of queue tasks).
Simple mode allows tasks to execute in any order that does not violate the constraints on the tasks in the other two modes.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Basse-Normandie
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TER Basse-Normandie was the regional rail network serving Lower Normandy, France. In 2016, it was merged into the new TER Normandie. Its network was articulated around the city of Caen.
Trains are operated by the SNCF, services are subject to regulation by the Conseil Régional de Basse Normandie and are promoted using the TER branding. The Conseil Régional has since 2001 received several new multiple diesel-electric units, including single coach, double coach and refurbishment of three car DMUs.
TER Network
Main destinations
Caen
Lisieux
Bayeux
Deauville
Argentan
Rail
Road
Coutances – Granville
Bagnoles-de-l'Orne – Briouze – Argentan
Rolling stock
TER Basse Normandie is operated by an array of rolling stock, including multiple units and both diesel and electric hauled trains:
BB 16500 + RIO
BB 67400 + RIO/Corail
X 4630
X 4900
X 72500
X 73500
AGC
Network
External links
Official site
Transport in Normandy
Lower Normandy
Caen
Cherbourg-Octeville
Lisieux
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VeryCD
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VeryCD is a Chinese website that shares files via eD2k links. The website was begun in September 2003 by Huang Yimeng (). In June 2005, Shanghai Source Networking Technology Co., Ltd (, or VeryCD company) was established. It is a for-profit organization headquartered in Shanghai, China. Today, VeryCD is one of the most popular file-sharing (via ed2k links) websites in China.
Aims
According to VeryCD company, VeryCD.com "aims to be the biggest and the most user-friendly P2P seed database website in the world. […] Its declaration against corruption from capitalized operation kept the website organized and free of advertisement abuse." But some people thought that it was contradictory, since VeryCD was already a commercial company which had a lot of advertisement on the website. The creator of the website and leader of the VeryCD company, Huang Yimeng was also listed in a "list of Chinese multimillionaires born in 1980s" by some Chinese media.
Software
Two eDonkey network clients, eMule VeryCD Mod and easyMule, are developed by VeryCD company.
eMule VeryCD Mod
eMule VeryCD Mod developed since 2003 is based on eMule and open-sourced. It has a built-in browser to access the Web.
Due to the censorship in China, eMule VeryCD Mod has a search word filter to prevent users from searching some political or pornographic words.
easyMule
easyMule developed since 2007 is now the company's primary client. It removes the category, message, IRC, custom skin and some other features from eMule, adds BHO (Browser Helper Object) plug-in to users' IE browser. The browser built in easyMule can only access VeryCD.com site.
easyMule's users can't search via eDonkey servers or Kad network, it is only allowed to search from the links indexed by VeryCD.com.
easyMule version 1 is eMule-based and open-sourced. Since v2.0, easyMule has closed its source. VeryCD company's developer claimed that easyMule 2.0 is written from scratch by them. On 1 July 2009, an aMule developer wrote a topic on VeryCD's group, claiming that easyMule is built over code of aMule which is a GPLed eD2k client, and asking for the code. But this was said to be "purely irresponsible nonsense" and refused by VeryCD's owner Huang Yimeng.
Anti-leech
The two clients implement eMule Xtreme Mod's Dynamic Leecher Protection (DLP) to ban leecher-mods, but use their own modified source-closed dll library file. They removed Xunlei from the blacklist, and have falsely banned Xtreme, MorphXT and some other eMule mods twice in November 2008 and May 2010.
Fake eMule
eMule VeryCD Mod's official website, emule.org.cn, named "Dianlv (eMule) Chinese Site" (电驴(eMule)中文网站), is criticized in that it misleads users and pretends to be eMule's official website.
"Dianlv" () is eDonkey's Chinese name. Some Chinese users call eMule "Dianlv" as well. VeryCD company has tried to register both "eMule" and "Dianlv" for trademarks in China, but not approved up to now. However, easyMule (version 1 and 2) was named "Dianlv" in Ch
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Nighter%20%28bus%20service%29
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The All Nighter is a night bus service network in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. Portions of the service shadow the rapid transit and commuter rail services of BART and Caltrain, which are the major rail services between San Francisco, the East Bay, the Peninsula, and San Jose. Neither BART nor Caltrain operate owl service due to overnight track maintenance; the All Nighter network helps fill in this service gap. The slogan is, "Now transit stays up as late as you do!"
History
The service launched initially in December 2005, and fully launched on March 19, 2006. BART performs overnight maintenance on its tracks, which requires the agency to shut down third rail power. Since there are no redundant BART lines, service is discontinued during maintenance hours. BART and Caltrain riders who previously faced uncoordinated substitute bus transit service after midnight can now take advantage of the coordinated All Nighter bus service.
The service is operated by AC Transit, Muni, SamTrans, and VTA. The agencies have a network of timed transfers, and half-hourly weekend service was implemented between downtown San Francisco and several BART stations along the Richmond and Fremont lines. More frequent weekend service was later implemented as the Late Night Bus Pilot Program, funded by BART's operating budget, after a 2011 study concluded that shifting BART hours to stay open later but also start service later on weekends would adversely impact low-income and minority workers who rely on BART for their commute.
AC Transit Route 800 operates along Market Street in San Francisco; this is the first AC Transit route to operate anywhere within San Francisco beyond the Transbay Terminal. On weekends, Route 800 is extended to 24th and Mission.
VTA Route 22, which runs all day, carries approximately 20% of all VTA bus riders. The late night Route 22 has earned the nickname "Hotel 22" for the homeless that form the majority of riders for the overnight runs. In January 2019, VTA proposed cutting service on Route 22 between 1 a.m. and 4 a.m. to help close a budget deficit. In April, the agency recommended continuing overnight service, but working with other agencies to redirect homeless riders to shelters.
The service is funded by Regional Measure 2 (RM2), which voters approved in 2004. The measure increased tolls by $1 on state-owned bridges in the Bay Area.
Before the AllNighter
Overnight transit service throughout the Bay Area predated the All Nighter initiative. Overnight service has consistently operated within San Francisco, but service outside of San Francisco has been inconsistent, rising and falling with the financial fortunes of the various transit agencies.
AC Transit's long-standing overnight service was completely withdrawn in 1996, restored in 1999, and expanded in later years.
SamTrans introduced overnight service to SFO in 2001 and maintained it with a subsidy from the airport starting in 2003.
VTA introduced overnight service on Ro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer%20cable
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Printer cable refers to the cable that carries data between a computer and a printer.
There are many different types of cables, for example:
Serial: RS-232, EIA-422
Parallel
FireWire
USB
Parallel port printers have been slowly phased out, and are now difficult to find for the most part, being considered as an obsolete legacy port on most new computers. Those who have printers and scanners with only parallel port may still be able to connect the devices via the use of USB adapters a.k.a. Parallel-to-USB cable, or use a PCI parallel printer port card.
References
Computer printers
Signal cables
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEC%20SX-8
|
The SX-8 is a supercomputer built by NEC Corporation. The SX-8 Series implements an eight-way SMP system in a compact node module and uses an enhanced version of the single chip vector processor that was introduced with the SX-6. The NEC SX-8 processors run at 2 GHz for vectors and 1 GHz for scalar operations. The SX-8 CPU operates at 16 GFLOPS and can address up to 128 GB of memory. Up to 8 CPUs may be used in a single node, and a complete system may have up to 512 nodes. The SX-8 series ranges from the single-CPU SX-8b system to the SX-8/4096M512, with 512 nodes, 4,096 CPUs, and a peak performance of 65 TFLOPS. There is up to 512 GB/s bandwidth per node (64 GB/s per processor). The SX-8 runs SUPER-UX, a Unix-like operating system developed by NEC.
The first production SX-8 was installed at the UK Met Office in early 2005. In October 2006, an upgraded SX-8 was announced, the SX-8R. The NEC SX-8R processors run at 2.2 GHz for vectors and 1.1 GHz for scalar operations. The SX-8R can process double the number of vector operations per clock compared to the SX-8. The SX-8R CPU has a peak vector performance 35.2 GFLOPS (10% frequency increase and double the number of vector operations) and can address up to 256 GB of memory in a single node (up from 128 GB).
The French national meteorological service, Météo-France, rents a SX-8R for 3.7 million euros a year.
NEC published product highlights
16 GFLOPS peak vector performance, with eight operations per clock running at 2 GHz or 0.5 ns (1 GHz for scalar)
88 million transistors per CPU, 1.0 V, 8,210 pins (1,923 signal pins)
Up to 8 CPUs per node, manufactured in 90 nm Cu technology, 9 copper layers, bare chip packaging
Up to 16 GB of memory per CPU, 128 GB in a single node
Up to 512 GB/s bandwidth per node, 64 GB/s per CPU
IXS Super-Switch between nodes, up to 512 nodes supported, 32 GB/s per node (16 GB/s for each direction)
Air cooled
Runs SUPER-UX, System V port, 4.3 BSD with enhancements for multinode systems; ease of use; support for new languages and standards; and operation improvements
See also
SX architecture
References
Sx-8
Vector supercomputers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohr%20Avner%20Chabad%20Day%20School
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Ohr Avner Chabad Day School refers to a network of Jewish day schools founded and supported by Israeli businessman Lev Leviev, under the auspices of the Chabad Lubavitch movement, located in the areas of the former Soviet Union.
The schools operated by this network include:
Ohr Avner Chabad Day School (Baku)
Ohr Avner Chabad Day School (Tashkent)
Ohr Avner Chabad Day School (Volgograd)
See also
Ohr Avner Foundation
Chabad in Asia
Bukharan Jews topics
Chabad schools
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%20clearance
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Q clearance or Q access authorization is the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) security clearance required to access Top Secret Restricted Data, Formerly Restricted Data, and National Security Information, as well as Secret Restricted Data. Restricted Data (RD) is defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and covers nuclear weapons and related materials. The lower-level L clearance is sufficient for access to Secret Formerly Restricted Data (FRD) and National Security Information, as well as Confidential Restricted Data, Formerly Restricted Data, and National Security Information. Access to Restricted Data is only granted on a need-to-know basis to personnel with appropriate clearances.
A Q Clearance is equivalent to a U.S. Department of Defense Top Secret clearance. According to the Department of Energy, "Q access authorization corresponds to the background investigation and administrative determination similar to what is completed by other agencies for a Top Secret National Security Information access clearance."
Anyone possessing an active Q clearance is always categorized as holding a National Security Critical-Sensitive position (sensitivity Level 3). Additionally, most Q-cleared incumbents will have collateral responsibilities designating them as Level 4: National Security Special-Sensitive personnel. With these two designations standing as the highest-risk sensitivity levels, occupants of these positions hold extraordinary accountability, having the potential to cause "exceptionally grave" or "inestimable" damage to the national security of the United States.
In addition to classification levels, three categories of classified matter are identified: Restricted Data (RD), Formerly Restricted Data (FRD), and National Security Information (NSI), as well as a class of access-restricted materials: special nuclear material (SNM). The employee must have a security level clearance consistent with their assignment. Common combinations are reflected in the table on the right/above.
Much of the DOE information at this level requires access to Critical Nuclear Weapon Design Information (CNWDI, pronounced "SIN-widee"). Such information bears the page marking Top Secret//RD-CNWDI and the paragraph marking (TS-N) or (TS//RD-CNWDI). The DOE security clearance process is overseen by the Department of Energy Office of Hearings and Appeals.
DOE clearances apply for access specifically relating to atomic or nuclear related materials ("Restricted Data" under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954). The clearance is issued predominantly to non-military personnel. In 1946, U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps Major William L. Uanna, in his capacity as the first Chief of the Central Personnel Clearance Office at the newly formed Atomic Energy Commission, named and established the criteria for the Q Clearance. The security clearance process at the DOE is adjudicated by the DOE Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA), where an individual whose security clearance is at iss
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhoneValet%20Message%20Center
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PhoneValet Message Center (or, simply, PhoneValet) is a discontinued Mac-based multi-line computer-telephony software application from Parliant Corporation. The application provided computer-telephony functionality including voicemail, call recording, and the maintenance of a call history. The system is a combination of software and hardware. PhoneValet was awarded an Eddy award (Macworld Magazine's editors choice award) for 2006.
History
PhoneValet was initially released on July 23, 2003 as a system to maintain a list of inbound and outbound calls, including telephone numbers, start and end times and notes. The system also enabled pop-up announcements of incoming callers based on Caller ID, and a spoken announcement of this and ancillary information drawn from a user-maintained address book. Additional functionality included dialing with automatic determination of long distance and calling card codes. This initial version did not allow the telephone to be answered as the hardware device provided could not take the line off-hook.
On June 30, 2004, Parliant released version 2.0 of PhoneValet, now with the Message Center moniker. This version shipped with a revised hardware device (the same one shipping today) designed to allow the computer to answer the telephone. The 2.0 product integrated voice mail messages into the 1.0 product's call history system. The new device also supported automatic gain control, providing the ability to make high-quality audio recordings of both sides of telephone calls. The manufacturer made several further releases within the 2.0 rubric, adding the ability to dial in to check for messages, information center features and real-time voicemail audio screening.
On July 11, 2005, Message Center 3.0 was released. Along with this update, Parliant released two large PhoneValet extensions: PhoneValet Anywhere and PhoneValet PodCast. PhoneValet Anywhere allowed users to manage the core functions of the PhoneValet Message Center over the internet through a new web interface. PhoneValet PodCast was more of a tool-suite designed to help PodCast makers record and edit phone conversations, including a background sound scrubbing tool and a stereo audio editor with a DSP. The core Message Center 3.0 update added ring-tones, call blocking, and individualized greetings tied to specific callers.
The 4.0 version March 17, 2006 was a free upgrade adding automatic recording of all calls on the line (prior to this time call recording was activated manually by the user).
On November 20, 2006 Parliant released version 5.0 with automated attendant features and unlimited-depth call trees. Automated attendant functions allowed a caller to specify the person, department or extension they wish to be transferred to. The application accomplished this on a single line by paging the person or department through the computer's speakers, playing hold music to the caller in the meantime. If the call went unanswered the caller was directed to a voice
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSN%20International
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Christian Satellite Network (CSN) International is a Christian radio network based in Twin Falls, Idaho. KAWZ, 89.9 MHz, in Twin Falls is the uplink station, feeding 337 broadcast translators nationwide and 42 full-power radio stations across the United States, including Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands. CSN is a non-profit organization and operates non-profit stations.
History
KAWZ began broadcasting on April 3, 1988 (Easter Sunday), with Pastor Mike Kestler as its founder. The network was launched on April 26, 1995, broadcasting Christian radio over satellite from KAWZ in Twin Falls. The first satellite-fed translator to begin receiving the network from KAWZ was in Yucca Valley, California, and within six months the network had dozens of translators. It was originally known as the Calvary Satellite Network.
By 1999, the network had grown to include 153 stations and translators, and by 2004 it had grown to approximately 400 stations and translators across the United States.
In 2007, an agreement was reached between the Twin Falls, Idaho based network and parties associated with Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa where the Twin Falls, Idaho based network kept 424 of the network's 457 stations and translators, but could no longer use Calvary Chapel branding. Most of the stations received by the parties associated with Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa were sold to the Calvary Radio Network the following year.
Board members
Board members of the Christian Satellite Network (CSN) and its parent company, Christian Broadcasting of Idaho, are Pastor Mike Kestler and Ariel Kestler. Mike Kestler is pastor of The River Christian Fellowship, a nondenominational church in Twin Falls.
Programming
CSN International airs a variety of Christian talk and teaching programs, such as: A New Beginning with Greg Laurie, Jay Sekulow Live, Family Talk with James Dobson, Love Worth Finding with Adrian Rogers, Thru the Bible with Dr. J. Vernon McGee, Truth For Life with Alistair Begg, and Turning Point with David Jeremiah. CSN International also airs a variety of Christian contemporary music.
Stations
CSN international is heard on 43 radio stations in the United States.
Notes:
Translators
CSN International is relayed by many additional translators nationwide.
References
External links
CSN International
CSN webcast
To Every Man An Answer
The River Christian Fellowship - home of CSN International
KEFX Christian rock "sister" station to CSN International
Christian radio stations in the United States
American radio networks
Radio stations established in 1995
1995 establishments in Idaho
Radio broadcasting companies of the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimming%20%28computer%20programming%29
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In computer programming, trimming (trim) or stripping (strip) is a string manipulation in which leading and trailing whitespace is removed from a string.
For example, the string (enclosed by apostrophes)
' this is a test '
would be changed, after trimming, to
'this is a test'
Variants
Left or right trimming
The most popular variants of the trim function strip only the beginning or end of the string. Typically named ltrim and rtrim respectively, or in the case of Python: lstrip and rstrip. C# uses TrimStart and TrimEnd, and Common Lisp string-left-trim and string-right-trim. Pascal and Java do not have these variants built-in, although Object Pascal (Delphi) has TrimLeft and TrimRight functions.
Whitespace character list parameterization
Many trim functions have an optional parameter to specify a list of characters to trim, instead of the default whitespace characters. For example, PHP and Python allow this optional parameter, while Pascal and Java do not. With Common Lisp's string-trim function, the parameter (called character-bag) is required. The C++ Boost library defines space characters according to locale, as well as offering variants with a predicate parameter (a functor) to select which characters are trimmed.
Special empty string return value
An uncommon variant of trim returns a special result if no characters remain after the trim operation. For example, Apache Jakarta's StringUtils has a function called stripToNull which returns null in place of an empty string.
Space normalization
Space normalization is a related string manipulation where in addition to removing surrounding whitespace, any sequence of whitespace characters within the string is replaced with a single space. Space normalization is performed by the function named Trim() in spreadsheet applications (including Excel, Calc, Gnumeric, and Google Docs), and by the normalize-space() function in XSLT and XPath,
In-place trimming
While most algorithms return a new (trimmed) string, some alter the original string in-place. Notably, the Boost library allows either in-place trimming or a trimmed copy to be returned.
Definition of whitespace
The characters which are considered whitespace varies between programming languages and implementations. For example, C traditionally only counts space, tab, line feed, and carriage return characters, while languages which support Unicode typically include all Unicode space characters. Some implementations also include ASCII control codes (non-printing characters) along with whitespace characters.
Java's trim method considers ASCII spaces and control codes as whitespace, contrasting with the Java isWhitespace() method, which recognizes all Unicode space characters.
Delphi's Trim function considers characters U+0000 (NULL) through U+0020 (SPACE) to be whitespace.
Non-space blanks
The Braille Patterns Unicode block contains , a Braille pattern with no dots raised.
The Unicode standard explicitly states that it does not act a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20quantum%20computer
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A topological quantum computer is a theoretical quantum computer proposed by Russian-American physicist Alexei Kitaev in 1997. It employs quasiparticles in two-dimensional systems, called anyons, whose world lines pass around one another to form braids in a three-dimensional spacetime (i.e., one temporal plus two spatial dimensions). These braids form the logic gates that make up the computer. The advantage of a quantum computer based on quantum braids over using trapped quantum particles is that the former is much more stable. Small, cumulative perturbations can cause quantum states to decohere and introduce errors in the computation, but such small perturbations do not change the braids' topological properties. This is like the effort required to cut a string and reattach the ends to form a different braid, as opposed to a ball (representing an ordinary quantum particle in four-dimensional spacetime) bumping into a wall.
While the elements of a topological quantum computer originate in a purely mathematical realm, experiments in fractional quantum Hall systems indicate these elements may be created in the real world using semiconductors made of gallium arsenide at a temperature of near absolute zero and subjected to strong magnetic fields.
Introduction
Anyons are quasiparticles in a two-dimensional space. Anyons are neither fermions nor bosons, but like fermions, they cannot occupy the same state. Thus, the world lines of two anyons cannot intersect or merge, which allows their paths to form stable braids in space-time. Anyons can form from excitations in a cold, two-dimensional electron gas in a very strong magnetic field, and carry fractional units of magnetic flux. This phenomenon is called the fractional quantum Hall effect. In typical laboratory systems, the electron gas occupies a thin semiconducting layer sandwiched between layers of aluminium gallium arsenide.
When anyons are braided, the transformation of the quantum state of the system depends only on the topological class of the anyons' trajectories (which are classified according to the braid group). Therefore, the quantum information which is stored in the state of the system is impervious to small errors in the trajectories. In 2005, Sankar Das Sarma, Michael Freedman, and Chetan Nayak proposed a quantum Hall device that would realize a topological qubit. In 2005 Vladimir J. Goldman, Fernando E. Camino, and Wei Zhou claimed to have created and observed the first experimental evidence for using a fractional quantum Hall effect to create actual anyons, although others have suggested their results could be the product of phenomena not involving anyons. Non-abelian anyons, a species required for topological quantum computers, have yet to be experimentally confirmed. Possible experimental evidence has been found, but the conclusions remain contested. In 2018, scientists again claimed to have isolated the required Majorana particles, but the finding was retracted in 2021. Quanta Mag
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLN%20%28disambiguation%29
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OLN (Outdoor Life Network) is a Canadian cable television channel.
OLN may also refer to:
NBCSN, an American television channel known as OLN from 1995 to 2006
Lago Musters Airport (IATA airport code), serving Sarmiento, Chubut Province, Argentina
Olin Corporation (New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol), a manufacturing conglomerate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEARN
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LEARN may refer to:
Law Enforcement Agency Resource Network, a website run by the Anti-Defamation League
Lanka Education and Research Network
See also
Learn (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTIA
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CTIA may refer to:
Color Television Interface Adaptor, a custom chip inside early Atari 8-bit computers
CTIA (organization), a trade association representing the wireless communications industry in the United States
Cape Town International Airport
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Evans%20%28presenter%29
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Neil Evans is an Australian former football (soccer) commentator appearing on the Australian Fox Sports network. With Robbie Slater, he hosted the program Total Football, which focuses on Australian soccer including the Socceroos and the A-League.
Evans no longer presented for FOX Sports after Simon Hill was brought over from SBS Australia. Hill is now the regular Total Football presenter and has also taken over Evans's role as a match day commentator for the A-League.
Evans was media chief for Centrebet, an Australian bookmaker, and is also a popular after-dinner speaker. His nickname is "Wood Duck". He has become a 'political analyst' in the eyes of the Sydney Morning Herald.
References
External links
Evans's Centrebet page
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Australian soccer commentators
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataran%20Bandaraya%20Johor%20Bahru
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Dataran Bandaraya Johor Bahru or (Johor Bahru City Square) is the main square in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
History
It was built on 1 January 1994 following the declaration of Johor Bahru as a city.
Architecture
The city square features a clock tower which was constructed not long after the opening of the square.
Activities
The square is often used for official events, as well as sport competitions. At night, the area turns into an eatery area.
See also
List of tourist attractions in Johor
References
1994 establishments in Malaysia
Buildings and structures in Johor Bahru
Squares in Malaysia
Tourist attractions in Johor
20th-century architecture in Malaysia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%20Strange
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Allen Strange (June 26, 1943 – February 20, 2008) was an American composer. He authored two books, Electronic Music: Systems, Techniques, and Controls (first published in the 1970s) and Programming and Meta-Programming the Electro-Organism. He co-wrote The Contemporary Violin: Extended Performance Techniques with his wife, Patricia.
Career
Strange was born in Calexico, California. He studied composition with Donal Michalsky at the California State University, Fullerton. He received his MA in 1967. He later studied composition with Robert Erickson, Harry Partch, and Ken Gaburo, and electronic media with Pauline Oliveros at the University of California, San Diego during 1967–68 and 1970–71.
In 1970, Strange became a professor of music and the director of the electronic music studios at San Jose State University.
He received grants from the San Jose State University Foundation for research into electronic music. Other grant support came from the American Music Center, Yamaha Corporation and the BIAHC Foundation. He attended John Chowning's music seminar at the Stanford University Artificial Intelligence Center. Strange was one of the leading authorities on analogue electronic music; his book Electronic Music: Systems, Techniques, and Controls is now a classic text. He also wrote Programming and Meta-Programming the Electro-Organism, the operations manual for the Buchla Music Easel and documented the 200 Series synthesizers made by Buchla. He co-founded two performance groups: Biome (1967–1972), in order to make use of the EMS Synthi; and, with Don Buchla in 1974, the Electric Weasel Ensemble. He was president of the International Computer Music Association from 1993 to 1998, and appeared as a guest artist-lecturer throughout the world. With his wife, Patricia, they published The Contemporary Violin: Extended Performance Techniques (Scarecrow Press).
Strange composed for live electronic instrumental ensembles, for live and taped electronics with voices and acoustic instruments, and for the theater; most of his works for acoustic instruments require extended performance techniques. He was particularly interested in linear tuning systems (as in The Hairbreadth Ring Screamers, 1969, and Second Book of Angels, 1979), spatial distribution of sound (Heart of Gold, 1982, and Velocity Studies, 1983), the isolation of timbre as a musical parameter, and composing for groups of like instruments or voices. Elements of vaudeville, rock-and-roll, country-and-western music, and the guitar techniques of Les Paul are found in his works. His theater pieces employ various media including film, video, and lighting effects; he produced a series of such works in collaboration with the playwright and director Robert Jenkins, of which the most important are Jack and the Beanstalk (1979) and The Ghost Hour (1981), an audio drama. His later projects include works for solo and small ensembles (Three Short Stories, 2005), continuation of the Goddess Trilogy for solo vi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATN%20Bangla
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ATN Bangla (), 'ATN' being the acronym of the unused Asian Television Network, is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language satellite and cable television channel owned by Multimedia Production Company. It is based in the Kawran Bazar neighborhood of Dhaka. ATN Bangla is the first privately owned television channel and the first to broadcast on satellite in Bangladesh. The channel began broadcasting on 15 July 1997. ATN Bangla is broadcast in over 130 countries worldwide.
History
As nothing of the kind existed in the country at the time, Mahfuzur Rahman had plans to establish a privately owned satellite television channel in Bangladesh, after seeing the popularity of Zee TV in India. He later rented a one-hour slot to broadcast Bengali-language programs on ATN Music, a Mumbai-based television channel, which gained popularity. After ATN Music was shut down, Rahman thought of establishing a full-fledged Bengali-language satellite television channel.
ATN Bangla was the first Bangladeshi privately owned television channel to officially gain a license to broadcast. It officially began broadcasting using a Thaicom satellite on 15 July 1997, with the "Obiram Banglar Mukh" (অবিরাম বাংলার মুখ; ) slogan. It is also the first Bengali-language television channel in the world to broadcast worldwide. The name of the channel, ATN Bangla, was also derived from the defunct Indian channel. The channel broadcast commercials from advertisers that could not advertise on Bangladesh Television due to a strict policy on advertising of the network.
ATN Bangla began using digital technology to broadcast, moving away from analog technology, in May 1999. In 2001, the channel began broadcasting to the Bangladeshi diaspora in Europe. ATN Bangla began broadcasting Bengali-language news programming on 16 August 2001. It later began airing English-language news programming on 1 October 2002. Naem Nizam was the first news editor of ATN Bangla. The channel was heavily praised for its coverage of the Iraq War in 2003. It also introduced hourly news bulletins at that period.
In March 2004, ATN Bangla began broadcasting in the Americas. On 22 November 2004, ATN Bangla won the International Children's Day of Broadcasting Award at the 32nd International Emmy Awards for its segment, Amrao Pari (We, too, Can). The documentary was shot and directed by eighteen Bangladeshi teenagers, and was focused on the story of Abul Khaer, a 9-year-old boy who stopped a passenger train from approaching a disjointed rail track, and prevented a train disaster. The channel had also won several more awards for its news and entertainment programming.
In June 2005, ATN Bangla was added to Sky Digital in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was later removed from the platform in May 2006. ATN Bangla was launched in Canada on 19 October 2005 by Asian Television Network, which later lost the rights of airing programming from the Bangladeshi ATN Bangla. Thus, the Canadian ATN Bangla no longer has any connection with th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Haute-Normandie
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TER Haute Normandie was the regional rail network serving the former region of Upper Normandy in France. In 2016 it was merged into the new TER Normandie.
Trains are operated by the SNCF, services are subject to regulation by the Conseil Régional de Haute Normandie as all TER services are and are promoted using the TER branding. The Conseil Régional has since 2001 received several new multiple units diesel-electric, including single coach, double coach and refurbishment of three car DMUs.
TER Network
Rail
Road
Rouen – Louviers – Évreux
Évreux – Verneuil-sur-Avre
Yvetot – Saint-Valery-en-Caux
Dieppe – Serqueux – Gisors
Rouen – Pont-Audemer
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Haute-Normandie
Haute-Normandie
References
External links
Official site
Transport in Normandy
Upper Normandy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Bretagne
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TER Bretagne (stylized as TER BreizhGo since 2018) is the TER regional rail network serving the administrative region of Brittany, in north-west France.
Network
The rail and bus network as of April 2022:
Rail
Road
The bus network BreizhGo consists of 115 routes as of 2022.
Rolling stock
Multiple units
9 SNCF Class B 82500
5 SNCF Class Z 9600
19 SNCF Class Z 21500
14 SNCF Class Z 27500
19 SNCF Class X 2100
15 SNCF Class X 73500
8 SNCF Class Z 55500
Locomotives
9 SNCF Class BB 25500
Ordered
13 SNCF Class Z 55500
References
External links
Official site
Rail transport in Brittany
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Pays%20de%20la%20Loire
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TER Pays de la Loire is the regional rail network serving Pays de la Loire, France.
TER Network
The rail and bus network as of May 2022:
Train
Bus
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 9600
SNCF Class Z 21500
SNCF Class X 2100 ''Also called X 92100
SNCF Class X 4300
SNCF Class X 4630
SNCF Class X 4750
SNCF Class X 72500
SNCF Class X 73500
Fourteen Z 27500 and eight Z 27500 are expected to be delivered during 2008.
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 22200
SNCF Class BB 25500
SNCF Class BB 26000
SNCF Class BB 67300
SNCF Class BB 67400
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Pays de la Loire
References
External links
TER Pays de la Loire website
Rail transport in Pays de la Loire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Data%20Format
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European Data Format (EDF) is a standard file format designed for exchange and storage of medical time series. Being an open and non-proprietary format, EDF(+) is commonly used to archive, exchange and analyse data from commercial devices in a format that is independent of the acquisition system. In this way, the data can be retrieved and analyzed by independent software. EDF(+) software (browsers, checkers, ...) and example files are freely available.
EDF was published in 1992 and stores multichannel data, allowing different sample rates for each signal. Internally it includes a header and one or more data records. The header contains some general information (patient identification, start time...) and technical specs of each signal (calibration, sampling rate, filtering, ...), coded as ASCII characters. The data records contain samples as little-endian 16-bit integers. EDF is a popular format for polysomnography (PSG) recordings.
EDF+ was published in 2003 and is largely compatible to EDF: all existing EDF viewers also show EDF+ signals. But EDF+ files also allow coding discontinuous recordings as well as annotations, stimuli and events in UTF-8 format. EDF+ has applications in PSG, electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG), and Sleep scoring. EDF+ can also be used for nerve conduction studies, evoked potentials and other data acquisition studies.
Other "EDF" formats
The file extension "edf" may also stand for the ESRF data format, defined by the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and frequently used for small-angle scattering data.
References
— EDF reference.
External links
The EDF website
The EDFgroup
A sample of normal sleep recordings in EDF format
Electrophysiology
Neurophysiology
Neurotechnology
Bioinformatics
Computer file formats
Standards for electronic health records
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Centre-Val%20de%20Loire
|
TER Centre-Val de Loire (operated under the brand Rémi since 2019 and TER Centre prior to 2015) is the regional rail network serving Centre-Val de Loire région of France.
Network
The rail and bus network as of April 2022:
Rail
Bus
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 5300
SNCF Class Z 7300
SNCF Class Z 9600
SNCF Class Z 21500
SNCF Class Z 26500 (ZGC Z 26500)
SNCF Class X 4300
SNCF Class X 72500
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class B 81500 (BGC B 81500)
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 9200
SNCF Class BB 22200
SNCF Class BB 26000
SNCF Class BB 67300
SNCF Class BB 67400
SNCF Class BB 8500
SNCF Class BB 25500 (Transilien trains, but serving the TER Centre)
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire
References
External links
Official TER Centre-Val de Loire site
Rail transport in Centre-Val de Loire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Bourgogne
|
TER Bourgogne was the regional rail network serving the Burgundy region of France. In 2017 it was merged into the new TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.
Network
Rail
Road
13 Autun – Avallon
16 Autun – Chagny
17 Châtillon-sur-Seine – Montbard
18 Clamecy – Avallon – Montbard
Rolling stock
SNCF Class Z 5600
SNCF Class Z 5300
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Burgundy
Burgundy
External links
Official Site
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20release
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Media release may refer to:
Anti-tromboning, a feature used in telecommunication networks that optimises the use of the access network
News release, a press release or press statement
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Champagne-Ardenne
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TER Champagne Ardenne was the regional rail network serving the former Champagne-Ardenne région of France. In 2016 it was merged into the new TER Grand Est.
TER Network
Rail
Bus
Châlons-en-Champagne – Vitry-le-François
Château-Thierry – Montmirail – Esternay – Sézanne
Chaumont – Clairvaux
Culmont–Chalindrey – Gray
Liart – Laon
Sedan – Carignan – La Ferté-sur-Chiers
Troyes – Laroche-Migennes
Ville-sous-la-Ferté – Bar-sur-Aube – Vendeuvre
Troyes – Châlons-en-Champagne – Reims – Charleville-Mézières (provided by TransChampagneArdenne and not TER Champagne-Ardenne)
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 11500
SNCF Class X 4300
SNCF Class X 72500
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class X 76500 (Also called: XGC 76500)
SNCF Class B 81500 (Also called: BGC B 81500)
Locomotives
BB 16500
BB 66400
In Order
SNCF Class Z 27500 (Also called: ZGC Z 27500)
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Champagne-Ardenne
Champagne-Ardenne
External links
Official TER Champagne-Ardenne website
TER
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digimon%20D-Cyber
|
D-Cyber / Digimon D-Cyber () is a Chinese Digimon manhua, which was released by Rightman Publishing Ltd. in Hong Kong, China on February 17, 2005. It is based on the adventures of Lóng Zhìguāng, Fāng Shēngjiàn, Luò Huī, and a young girl named Āměi. It introduces the concept of X-antibody Digimon, but their origin is different from that in the Japanese Digimon Chronicle.
Synopsis
Ten thousand years ago, a great and powerful Digimon was defeated and sealed away by the Royal Knights as the "Digi Core". Years later, a virus infected the digital world, leaving only those that possessed the X-Antibody remaining. The only members of the Royal Knights remaining are Omega of Power (Omnimon X), Duke of Courage (MedievalGallantmon/Gallantmon X), and Magna of Miracles (Magnamon X).
At the start of the series, the "God of Death" MetalPhantomon draws Lóng, Āměi, Fāng, and Luò into the digital world. Originally, Lóng is left alone with his Digimon (which starts out as a Dorumon), and has to battle his friends Luò and Fāng, who are under MetalPhantomon's control.
At one point, MetalPhantomon steals the "Dragon Spirit" of Lóng's partner, who is now a Dorumon. While MetalPhantomon uses it to revive the Digi-Core, Lóng, Luò , and Fāng learn from Omega of Power that they can get a new Dragon Spirit from Duke of Courage - with this, they can save Dorumon's life. But when they arrive in Duke's area of the Digital World, they are given a series of tests by Duke's servant, MameTyramon.
After completing the tests and battling Duke himself, they manage to earn Dorumon a new Dragon Spirit. However, now they must battle MetalPhantomon, who has resurrected the Digi-Core as Dexmon. In the end, Lóng and the others manage to save their friend Āměi, who was sealed inside Dexmon, and return to the real world.
Characters
Humans and Digimon Partners
Zhìguāng Lóng
The main character and characteristic "goggle boy". Though somewhat irresponsible and foolhardy, he manages to come through for his friends, as well as save his Digimon when his Dragon Spirit is lost.
Dorumon
Dorumon is Zhìguāng's Digimon partner, and gets very angry when his partner does not live up to his responsibility for him. In the end, he is revealed to actually be Alphamon, the leader of the Royal Knights from long ago.
Dorumon is initially only shown becoming a Dorugoramon, and later, a DexDoruGreymon and then DexDorugoramon through Death-X Evolution. After losing his Dragon Spirit, he becomes Grademon, then Alphamon and lastly Alphamon (Ouryuuken) in the final battle.
Fāng Shēngjiàn
Zhìguāng and Luò's friend. Temporarily controlled by MetalPhantomon. Fāng believes that wisdom is just as good as raw power, and is a good strategist.
Ryudamon
Fāng's partner. He is very respectful, and calls Fāng his master.
Fāng's partner is originally a Gaiomon, but is defeated by Zhìguāng's DexDorugoramon. It reverts into a Digi-Egg, and temporarily becomes a DexDorugamon through Death-X Evolution. Fina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20discount%20rate
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Social discount rate (SDR) is the discount rate used in computing the value of funds spent on social projects. Discount rates are used to put a present value on costs and benefits that will occur at a later date. Determining this rate is not always easy and can be the subject of discrepancies in the true net benefit to certain projects, plans and policies. The discount rate is considered as a critical element in cost–benefit analysis when the costs and the benefits differ in their distribution over time, this usually occurs when the project that is being studied is over a long period of time.
Use in cost–benefit analysis
It may be used in estimating the value of creating a highway system, schools, or enforcing environmental protection, for example. All of these things require a cost–benefit analysis where policy makers measure the social marginal cost and the social marginal benefit for each project. Almost all new policies will not even be considered until after a cost–benefit analysis has been completed. The social discount rate can appear in both calculations either as future costs such as maintenance or as future benefits such as reduced pollution emissions.
Calculating the true social marginal cost can be a lot easier than measuring the social marginal benefit. Because of the uncertainty involved with calculating benefits, problems may arise e.g., should a dollar amount be put on time based on average wages, contingent valuations or revealed preferences? One of the big problems today is putting a value on a life. While some might say that a life is priceless, economists usually state the value to be somewhere between three and ten million dollars. Another problem is that because the current generation will often be paying for most of the costs while future generations will be reaping most of the benefit, whether current and future benefits ought to be weighed differently.
The proper discount rate should represent the opportunity cost of what else the firm could accomplish with those same funds. If that means that the money could be instead used to invest in the private sector that would yield 5% and that is the next best alternative for using that money then 5% would be the social discount rate
The US government uses a variety of discount rates but something around 7% is what the US Office of Management and Budget (OMB) recommends for a pretax rate of return on private investments. In the United Kingdom, HM Treasury fixes the social discount rate for the public sector at 3.5%.
Calculation
The SDR is directly analogous to concepts found in corporate finance such as the hurdle rate or the project appropriate discount rate; so the mathematics are identical. The benefit or cost per dollar can be calculated by:
where r equals the SDR and t equals time. For benefits or costs that have no end and discount starting tomorrow it is just:
where discounting starts at t=0 it is:
A higher SDR makes it less likely a social project will be funde
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapBasic
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MapBasic is a programming language for creation of additional tools and functionality for the MapInfo Professional geographical information system. MapBasic is based on the BASIC family of programming languages.
MapBasic also allows programmers to develop software in popular programming languages such as C, C++ and Visual Basic and use these with the MapInfo Professional GIS to create geographically based software, such as electronic mapping.
References
GIS software
BASIC programming language family
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20Direct
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The Transport Direct Programme was a division of the UK Department for Transport (DfT) to develop standards, data and better information technology systems to support public transport. It developed and operates the Transport Direct Portal which is a public facing multi-modal journey planner. It also supports the creation and management of comprehensive databases of all public transport movements in the United Kingdom with Traveline. During 2010 two key datasets were released as Open Data and published on www.data.gov.uk .
The closure of the portal was announced in September 2014 and the portal closed on 30 September 2014.
Transport Direct Portal
The journey planner was a public-facing multi-modal door-to-door journey planner website for Great Britain which provided options for both public transport and car-based options and included an option for cyclists in some parts of the country.
Standards
A number of data standards were developed to support the collection, transfer and management of the required transport data:-
CycleNetXChange a UK data protocol for exchanging information about infrastructure to support the development of a national cycle journey planning function within the Transport Direct Portal.
IFOPT, a CEN standard for defining public transport access information (building on NaPTAN and NPTG).
JourneyWeb, a protocol to allow the development of a distributed journey planning service (which became the Transport Direct Portal).
NaPTAN for the exchange of information associated with bus stops, railway station and other public transport access point.
NPTG for the exchange of information about places and points of interest.
SIRI, a CEN standard for exchanging real-time public transport information.
TransXChange, a UK data protocol for the exchange of public transport schedules in conjunction with Vehicle and Operator Services Agency, Arriva and Stagecoach Group
Other organisations involved in this work included Traveline, the Real Time Information Group (RTIG), the Association of Transport Coordinating Officers (ATCO) and the Confederation of Passenger Transport (CPT) as well a number of system suppliers.
Data resources
The development of Transport Direct has created a number of comprehensive national datasets to support the Transport Direct Portal. The assessment of accessibility to services by public transport was made a requirement for the Local Transport Plans in 2004. Measuring the level of accessibility required the use of the data collected by Transport Direct.
This data is being used by an increasing number of 3rd parties, including Google Transit (South East Traveline Region) and East Anglia / East Midlands Traveline Regions. MySociety's Mapumental accessibility product. During 2010 increasing amounts of data has become available as Open Data including NaPTAN and NPTDR.
National Public Transport Access Nodes database (NaPTAN)
The National Public Transport Access Node (NaPTAN) dataset is a UK nationwide system for uniquel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StreamSQL
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StreamSQL is a query language that extends SQL with the ability to process real-time data streams. SQL is primarily intended for manipulating relations (also known as tables), which are finite bags of tuples (rows). StreamSQL adds the ability to manipulate streams, which are infinite sequences of tuples that are not all available at the same time. Because streams are infinite, operations over streams must be monotonic. Queries over streams are generally "continuous", executing for long periods of time and returning incremental results.
The StreamSQL language is typically used in the context of a Data Stream Management System (DSMS), for applications including market data analytics, network monitoring, surveillance, e-fraud detection and prevention, clickstream analytics and real-time compliance (anti-money laundering, RegNMS, MiFID).
Other streaming and continuous variants of SQL include StreamSQL.io, Kafka KSQL, SQLStreamBuilder, WSO2 Stream Processor, SQLStreams, SamzaSQL, and Storm SQL.
Technical details
StreamSQL extends the type system of SQL to support streams in addition to tables. Several new operations are introduced to manipulate streams.
Selecting from a stream -
A standard SELECT statement can be issued against a stream to calculate functions (using the target list) or filter out unwanted tuples (using a WHERE clause). The result will be a new stream.
Stream-Relation Join -
A stream can be joined with a relation to produce a new stream. Each tuple on the stream is joined with the current value of the relation based on a predicate to produce 0 or more tuples.
Union and Merge -
Two or more streams can be combined by unioning or merging them. Unioning combines tuples in strict FIFO order. Merging is more deterministic, combining streams according to a sort key.
Windowing and Aggregation -
A stream can be windowed to create finite sets of tuples. For example, a window of size 5 minutes would contain all the tuples in a given 5 minute period. Window definitions can allow complex selections of messages, based on tuple field values. Once a finite batch of tuples is created, analytics such as count, average, max, etc., can be applied.
Windowing and Joining -
A pair of streams can also be windowed and then joined together. Tuples within the join windows will combine to create resulting tuples if they fulfill the predicate.
History
StreamSQL is derived from academic research into Event Stream Processing, closely related to complex event processing.
Led by Michael Stonebraker, a team of 30 professors and students on project Aurora worked collaboratively from 2001 through 2003 to develop the core principles behind StreamSQL.
The Aurora project was superseded by the Borealis project. Borealis is a distributed multi-processor version of Aurora.
Query languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novation%20CAT
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Novation, Inc., is an early modem manufacturer whose CAT series were popular in the early home computer market in the late 1970s and early 1980s, notably on the Apple II. The Hayes Smartmodem 300, introduced in 1981, helped kill off Novation and many other early modem companies over the next few years.
The Original CAT
Novation's first CAT was an external 300 bit/s Bell 103-standard modem that connected to the phone lines using an acoustic coupler. Like most other acoustically coupled modems, the CAT required the user to dial the desired number on a normal telephone, listening to the call connecting and the eventual presence of a carrier signal. If the dialling was successful, the user then pressed the handset down into rubber cups on the modem to connect. This was only possible because telephones were generally available only from Western Electric, all of a standardized size and layout. There was no sort of automated operation available; even hanging up had to be done manually by returning the handset to the telephone and thereby pressing the hook button.
The Apple-CAT II
Novation also introduced an internal direct-connect modem, the Apple-CAT II, which plugged into an expansion slot in an Apple II computer. Due to the internal connection, the Apple-CAT II was able to feature a full range of dialing commands, and could report a wide range of call progress tones (BUSY, REORDER, etc.) that many modems still lack today. These operations were handled directly by software on the host computer; the modem set certain registers when tones were heard on the line, and by timing when these registers were set or cleared, the software could determine what was happening on the line.
The Apple-CAT II also supported the Bell 202 protocol, which allowed half-duplex 1200 bit/s operation when connecting to another Apple-CAT II modem. This was an exceptionally rare feature; modems with "full" 1200 bit/s operation were expensive devices intended to be used with minicomputers and mainframes, and typically cost thousands of dollars. Since the 1200 bit/s mode was half-duplex, or one-way only, the users would normally have to decide in advance which direction transmissions would proceed.
However, software was used to work around this limitation as well. File transfer programs are written specifically for the Apple-CAT II's 202 mode, such as Catsend and the later CatFur, periodically paused and reversed transmission direction, so the receiving computer could acknowledge receipt of a stream of data, and, in the case of CatFur, could add a short chat message to the sender in the middle of the one-way file transfer. Many bulletin board systems (BBSs) running CatSend and then CatFur were set up to transfer warez. One BBS program that worked around this limitation was Tele-Cat II, which used escape sequences to switch between 202 half-duplex 1200 bits/second mode (for sending data) and Bell 103 full-duplex 300 bits/second mode (for receiving user input). The 202 CatFu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle%20Clinical
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Oracle Clinical or OC is a database management system designed by Oracle to provide data management, data entry and data validation functionalities to support Clinical Trial operations.
The Major Functions Supported by Oracle Clinical are:
Clinical Study Database Design
Definition of Clinical Study Metadata to be collected
Creation of Data Management System to clean and reconcile patient data
Creation of Electronic Data Entry Screens
Ability to create both simple and complex validation edit checks and data derivations
Batch Data Loading and Extracting Capabilities
Thesaurus Management for Medical Coding of Verbatim Terms as reported by Investigators for Adverse Events, Medical History, and/or Concomitant Medications
Robust and Comprehensive Management of Laboratory Results against dynamic and demographic driven Reference Ranges
References
External links
BioPharm Systems
Oracle software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia%20PC%20Suite
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Nokia PC Suite is a discontinued software package used to establish an interface between Nokia mobile devices and computers that run the Microsoft Windows operating system. Its first release was in 1997, originally called Nokia Data Suite. It was replaced by Nokia Suite and integrated into the Ovi service suite.
Functionality
Nokia PC Suite can be used to transfer music, photos and applications. It can also be used to send Short Message Service (SMS) messages or act as a modem to connect the computer to the Internet. A mobile phone can be connected by USB, Bluetooth, or infrared.
Some older Nokia phones lack compatibility with later versions of the PC Suite. The official site supplies a table that matches each phone model with the most recent compatible version.
The latest version of Nokia PC Suite also contains several integrated applications, including the File Manager, Application Installer and "Nokia Communication Centre" data viewer. PC Suite users can also access on-device features (e.g. battery, memory and call handling), as well as Nokia PC Sync functionality.
History
Some of the earliest devices that worked with Nokia Data Suite were the Nokia 3110, Nokia 6110 and Nokia 8110.
Nokia PC Suite has been unimproved, and was replaced by Nokia's next generation phone suite software, Nokia Suite, which supported other platforms in addition to Windows.
Nokia Suite drops the Lotus Notes client sync support which is present in Nokia PC Suite, instead requiring the user to use Lotus Notes' Traveler software. This must be installed and maintained on the Lotus Notes server; synchronization using PC Suite works from the phone to the user's PC, while synchronization on a phone which has Nokia Suite must use third-party software.
Limitations
The backup feature in PC Suite uses a non-documented binary file format (.nbu), which can only be used to restore to a phone through the proprietary client. This means that the data can only be accessed by doing a restore to a working phone. Third-party programs (either commercial or free) can be used to read the file, but they greatly vary in the amount of information they can retrieve.
Nokia PC Sync
Nokia PC Sync allows the user to synchronize contacts, calendar, notes, to-do items, e-mails, bookmarks and files/folders between a supported Nokia mobile phone and:
Microsoft Outlook 2000-2007 (Outlook 2010 x64 doesn't work with PC Suite at the moment, but its possible to sync via Nokia Suite (tested with 3.1 and E71). Office 2010 x86 does, but is not officially supported. )
Microsoft Outlook Express / Windows Address Book
Lotus Organizer 5.0-6.0
Lotus Notes 5.x-8.x
Microsoft Windows Vista Contacts
Microsoft Windows Vista Calendar
Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox bookmarks
Windows 2000/XP files/folders
PC Sync 7.0.9.2 contained a major bug, truncating street addresses which have been edited on the PC to run over more than one line, when synchronized back to the phone. It was pos
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maker%20Faire
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Maker Faire is a convention of do it yourself (DIY) enthusiasts established by Make magazine in 2006. Participants come from a wide variety of interests, such as robotics, 3D printing, computers, arts and crafts, and hacker culture.
History
In 2005, Dale Dougherty founded Make: magazine as a quarterly publication with Tim O’Reilly. The first Make: magazine was published in 2005 and the first Maker Faire took place in 2006 in San Mateo, Over the next 13 years, this inaugural maker faire expanded to more than 200 licensed Maker Faires in more than 40 countries.
Dale Dougherty convened the first Maker Faire in 2006 in San Mateo, Calif., drawing a crowd of 20,000.
Maker Media Inc. went out of business in June 2019, and Dale Dougherty rebranded as Make Community.
Maker Faires in the US
Flagship Maker Faires
Flagship Maker Faires are held in San Mateo, California and New York City.
The last Bay Area Maker Faire was held in 2019. The Maker Faire Bay Area was not held in 2020. This was due to the potential impact of coronavirus as well as the 2019 transition of Maker Media to Make: Community.
A revived Bay Area Maker Faire was held in October 2023 at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard in Vallejo, California.
The New York Maker Faire is also known as the "World Maker Faire". Maker Faire has most recently happened in New York in 2018.
However, the New York City Faire was cancelled in 2019 due to financial difficulties.
White House Maker Faire
On June 18, 2014, President Obama hosted the first-ever (and only thus far) White House Maker Faire.
Past US events
2008
Maker Faire 2008 was held on 3–4 May 2008, at the San Mateo County Event Center. Highlights of the Faire included a human-sized Mouse Trap board game, kinetic squid sculpture, 55' wingspan kinetic steel butterfly, bicycle-powered music stage, a solar-powered chariot pulled by an Arnold Schwarzenegger robot, and over 500 other booths from different makers. There were approximately 65,000 people in attendance. Featured guests included Adam Savage, Stephanie Pearl-McPhee, Lee David Zlotoff, Tony Baxter and Eepybird.
An additional 2008 Maker Faire was held on October 18–19, 2008, in Austin, Texas.
2020
Maker Faire XV was held online.
Worldwide Maker Faires
Maker Faires are also held in Europe, Asia, South America and Africa.
Afrigadget, a website dedicated to African Ingenuity, was created by Erik Hersman in 2006 just a few months after Make Magazine and the first Maker Faire Africa took place in Ghana in 2009.
The first Maker Faire in the United Kingdom took place on March 14–15, 2009, in Newcastle upon Tyne, as a joint venture with the Newcastle ScienceFest.
In the US, the 2009 Maker Faire Rhode Island was scheduled for September 6–19.
The first Maker Faire North Carolina was held on April 25, 2010, in Durham, North Carolina. It moved to Raleigh, North Carolina for 2011.
In 2010, Canada had their first Mini Maker Faire in Ottawa, Ontario on November 6–7.
Maker Faire has spread w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz%20database
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The tz database is a collaborative compilation of information about the world's time zones, primarily intended for use with computer programs and operating systems. Paul Eggert has been its editor and maintainer since 2005, with the organizational backing of ICANN. The tz database is also known as tzdata, the zoneinfo database or the IANA time zone database (after the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), and occasionally as the Olson database, referring to the founding contributor, Arthur David Olson.
Its uniform naming convention for time zones, such as America/New_York and Europe/Paris, was designed by Paul Eggert. The database attempts to record historical time zones and all civil changes since 1970, the Unix time epoch. It also includes transitions such as daylight saving time, and also records leap seconds.
The database, as well as some reference source code, is in the public domain. New editions of the database and code are published as changes warrant, usually several times per year.
Data structure
File formats
The tz database is published as a set of text files which list the rules and zone transitions in a human-readable format. For use, these text files are compiled into a set of platform-independent binary files—one per time zone. The reference source code includes such a compiler called zic (zone information compiler), as well as code to read those files and use them in standard APIs such as localtime() and mktime().
Definition of a time zone
Within the tz database, a time zone is any national region where local clocks have all agreed since 1970. This definition concerns itself first with geographic areas which have had consistent local clocks. This is different from other definitions which concern themselves with consistent offsets from a prime meridian. Therefore, each of the time zones defined by the tz database may document multiple offsets from UTC, typically including both standard time and daylight saving time.
In the time zone text files, each time zone has one or more "zone lines" in one of the time zone text files. The first zone line for a time zone gives the name of the time zone; any subsequent zone lines for that time zone leave the name blank, indicating that they apply to the same zone as the previous line. Each zone line for a zone specifies, for a range of date and time, the offset to UTC for standard time, the name of the set of rules that govern daylight saving time (or a hyphen if standard time always applies), the format for time zone abbreviations, and, for all but the last zone line, the date and time at which the range of date and time governed by that line ends.
Daylight saving time (DST) rules
The rules for daylight saving time are specified in named rule sets. Each rule set has one or more rule lines in the time zone text files. A rule line contains the name of the rule set to which it belongs, the first year in which the rule applies, the last year in which the rule applies (or "only" if
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingha%20and%20Tucker
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Tingha and Tucker were children's television characters on Britain's ITV network from 1962 until 1970. The series was made by Associated Television (ATV), the independent ITV station which made programmes in the Midlands. Generally, the show followed a format of short weekday shows, with a Sunday special each week called The Tree House Family.
History
Originally, Tingha and Tucker were simply stuffed toy koalas belonging to host Jean Morton, who would speak to them on air. Soon, puppets were made of the characters so that they could be more lifelike. The show was a great success and like many shows of its era had a "club", the Tingha and Tucker Club, which at its height had 750,000 members. The club eventually had to close when it became unable to handle the volume of mail it generated. One of the favourite show songs was "The Wibbly Wobbly Way".
The show was eventually cancelled in 1970 after eight years. The Tingha and Tucker puppets used on air were reportedly stolen from storage shortly after and have never been recovered.
Characters
"Auntie Jean" - Jean Morton, the show's host
Tingha and Tucker - koalas
Willie Wombat
Grandpa Wombat
Kiki Kangaroo
Katie Kookaburra
Ermintrude Emu
Postman Pete Murray (disc jockey)
"Uncle Pat" - Pat Astley, the ATV continuity announcer
"Uncle Cliff Richard" - Cliff Richard.
Merchandise
Like many British television shows, Tingha and Tucker had an annual children's book release, with a volumes issued each year between 1967 and 1971. Other book releases included a "Bedtime Book" in 1967 and several records were released as well, such as the 1964 Pye Records 7" single "Woomerang Boomerang" b/w "Over the Rickety Bridge". Century 21 Records released an LP (Catalogue A5) called the Tingha and Tucker Club Song Book. A somewhat stranger record release from Century 21, a "mini album" called Tingha and Tucker present the New Wombaville Band, included the puppet characters covering several Beatles songs.
Theme tune and background information
The theme song was written by Tony Hatch, known as the composer of television theme tunes such as Crossroads and Neighbours and Emmerdale.
Tingha's name is a reference to the town of Tingha, New South Wales. The town in turn gets its name from an aboriginal word meaning "a flat, open land."
Despite many references to bears, including the motto and songs, koalas are not related to bears at all but are, in fact, marsupials.
References
Fictional koalas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20disc
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A hybrid disc is a disc, such as CD-ROM or Blu-ray, which contains multiple types of data which can be used differently on different devices. These include CD-ROM music albums containing video files viewable on a personal computer, or feature film Blu-rays containing interactive content when used with a PlayStation 3 game console.
Multiple file systems
A hybrid disc is an optical disc that has multiple file systems installed on it, typically ISO 9660 and HFS+ (or HFS on older discs). One reason for the hybrid format is the restrictions of ISO 9660 (filenames of only eight characters, and a maximum depths of eight directories, similar to the Microsoft FAT file system). Another key factor is that ISO 9660 does not support resource forks, which is critical to the classic Mac OS' software design (OS X or macOS removed much of the need for resource forks in application design). Companies that released products for both DOS (later Windows) and the classic Mac OS (later macOS) could release a CD containing software for both, natively readable on either system. Data files can even be shared by both partitions, while keeping the platform specific data separate. In a "true" (or "shared") hybrid HFS filesystem, files common to both the ISO 9660 and HFS partitions are stored only once, with the ISO 9660 partition pointing to file content in the HFS area (or vice versa). Blizzard Entertainment has released most of their computer games on hybrid CDs. By default, Mac OS 9 and macOS burn hybrid discs.
An ISO 9660/HFS hybrid disc has an ISO 9660 primary volume descriptor, which makes it a valid ISO 9660 disc, and an Apple partition. It may also have an Apple partition map, although this is not necessary. The ISO 9660 portion of the disc can co-exist with an Apple partition because the header areas which define the contents of the disc are located in different places. The ISO 9660 primary volume descriptor begins 32,768 bytes (32 KB) into the disc. If present, an Apple partition map begins 512 bytes into the disc; if there is no partition map, the header for an Apple HFS partition (known as a Master Directory Block, or MDB) begins 1,024 bytes into the disc.
Audio CD with added data tracks
Hybrid-CD also refers to an audio CD which also includes a data track storing MP3 (or other digital audio compression format) copy of those CD-DA tracks. Before the introduction and subsequent popularization of iTunes and the iPod, such discs were popular for sharing music on compact disc without requiring the recipient to extract and encode the CD-DA themselves — a technical and perhaps time-consuming process on older computing hardware. However, with the advent of faster computing hardware and vastly simplified automated extraction and encoding tools (e.g. iTunes, Rhythmbox, etc.) and the lack of an automated hybrid feature in that very same software, popularity of such hybrid CD has subsequently declined. However, such hybrid discs do remain in a commercial setting as a dig
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISYS%3ADesktop
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ISYS:desktop is an enterprise-class desktop search tool designed to find information on individual PCs as well as across corporate networks, databases and proprietary systems. It was originally introduced in 1989 by ISYS Search Software as a search and retrieval tool for DOS.
In 2006 it could be compared to Google's search appliance.
While the personal was available the Enterprise Edition was required to search content repositories such as Documentum, SharePoint and Interwoven.
References
External links
Desktop search engines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Picardie
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TER Picardie was the regional rail network serving the Picardy region of France. On 27 August 2017, it was merged into the new TER Hauts-de-France. It was based at the Amiens station in the town of Amiens.
Network
Rail
Road
From 1 July 2009
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 26500
SNCF Class X 4630
SNCF Class X 72500
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class X 76500 Also called XGC X 76500
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 15000R
SNCF Class BB 16100
SNCF Class BB 16500
SNCF Class BB 66400
SNCF Class BB 67300
SNCF Class BB 67400
SNCF Class BB 69400
Cars and trailers travellers
Rame réversible régionale
RIO NPDC
RIO 80
Cars VTU
A10tu VTU 75/80
B10rtu VTU 75/78
B10tu VTU 75/78
B11rtu VTU 75/78
B11tu VTU 75/78
Cars VU
B9u VU75
B6DUX rév VU 86
Cars V2N
Cars VO2N
Pictures TER Picardie
Rames Reversibles Régionale (R.R.R)
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Picardy
Picardy
External links
Official Site
French version via Wikipedia France
TER
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Nord-Pas-de-Calais
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TER Nord-Pas-de-Calais was the regional rail network serving Nord-Pas-de-Calais région, France. In 2017 it was merged into the new TER Hauts-de-France.
Network
Lille – Calais – Boulogne-sur-Mer (TER grande vitesse)
Lille – Dunkerque (TER grande vitesse)
Lille – Arras (TER grande vitesse)
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 23500
SNCF Class Z 24500
SNCF Class Z 92050
SNCF Class X 4500
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class X 76500 also called XGC X 76500
SNCF Class Z 26500
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 16500
SNCF Class BB 66400
SNCF Class BB 67400
Schemes
TER grande vitesse
With the objective of connecting all the towns on the Northwest coast to Lille in less than an hour, the Nord-Pas de Calais région has put in place TERGV. Certain trains, with the agreement of the SNCF, use the LGV Nord from Lille-Europe to reach their destination instead of conventional lines. This enables them to connect Lille to Calais, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dunkirk and Arras in less than an hour.
TER-MER
Three or four weekends per year the Nord-Pas-de-Calais regional council offers a promotion called opération TER-MER. The promotion offers return tickets to a chosen beach for €1; passengers travel to a local station from where shuttle buses guarantee an on-connection to the beach. This promotion was used by 50,000 people in 2005.
Electrification Completed
The railway is electrified from Calais-Ville via Gravelines to Dunkerque.
Future projects
The region envisages to:
double and electrify the line between Calais and Dunkirk
build two new lines between Arras and Cambrai and between Douai and Orchies
reopen the line between Béthune and Bruay-la-Buissière
increase frequency of service between Lille and Lens
create a new high speed regional service between Fourmies, Maubeuge and Lille, to reduce travel time from an hour and thirty minutes to forty-five minutes.
External links
TER Nord-Pas-de-Calais website
TER
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Poitou-Charentes
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TER Poitou-Charentes was the regional rail network serving the Poitou-Charentes région in France. In 2017 it was merged into the new TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
Network
Rail
Road
Angoulême – Jonzac
Poitiers – Parthenay – Bressuire – Cholet – Nantes
Thouars – Loudun – Chinon
Poitiers – Chauvigny – Le Blanc – Châteauroux
Niort – Fontenay-le-Comte
La Rochelle – Fontenay-le-Comte
Rolling Stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 7300
SNCF Class Z 21500
SNCF Class X 2100
SNCF Class X 2200
SNCF Class X 72500
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class Z 27500 (ZGC Z 27500)
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 22200
Buses
Iveco Bus
Arway
Future
Niort – Fontenay-le-Comte line
25% of this line, closed to passenger traffic since 1969, is located in Poitou-Charentes, with the remainder located in Pays de la Loire.
The reopening of the line was included in the Contract for Regional and State Projects (Contrat de projets État-région) for 2006-2007 and preliminary studies are completed. Work was scheduled to begin once the interregional budget was in place but as of October 2014, the line has not been reopened and TER's operations between Niort and Fontenay-le-Comte are restricted to bus travel.
Thouars – Parthenay – Niort line
This line has been closed to passenger traffic since 1980 but it is still used to transport empty TER trains every Wednesday. The trains are from the Bressuire – Thouars – Saumur line and they are sent to Saintes for maintenance. These trains are allowed to travel at speeds between 70–80 km/h, although higher speeds would be possible on certain sections of the line.
Expansion of the La Rochelle-Rochefort line
With 11 trains a day added between in 2007 and 2008, the expansion of this line is meant to help curb the growing road traffic between the cities of La Rochelle and Rochefort.
Five additional stops have been opened:
Saint-Laurent Fouras (September 2007)
Angoulins-sur-Mer (September 2007)
La Rochelle Porte Dauphine (late 2008)
Aytré-Plage (September 2008)
Tonnay-Charente (2010)
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations
List of SNCF stations in Poitou-Charentes
Poitou-Charentes
References
External links
TER Poitou-Charentes website
Association régionale Poitou-Charentes des usagers du TER – Regional association of passengers of Poitou-Charentes TER trains
Map of the TER Poitou-Charentes network
TER
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Aquitaine
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TER Aquitaine was the regional rail network serving the Aquitaine région, France. In 2017 it was merged into the new TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
Network
Rail
Road
Agen – Villeneuve-sur-Lot
Ossès – Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry
Dax – Mauléon
Bordeaux – Pauillac – Le Verdon
Mont-de-Marsan – Hagetmau
Mont-de-Marsan – Marmande
Mont-de-Marsan – Agen
Buzy – Artouste
Oloron-Sainte-Marie – Canfranc
Dax – Mont-de-Marsan – Tarbes
Rolling stock
The quantity is given when known
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 5300
26 SNCF Class Z 7300
6 SNCF Class Z 21500
SNCF Class X 2200
SNCF Class X 2800
12 SNCF Class X 72500
12 SNCF Class X 73500
14 SNCF Class B 81500
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 8500
SNCF Class BB 9300
SNCF Class BB 67400
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations
List of SNCF stations in Aquitaine
Aquitaine
References
External links
TER Aquitaine website
TER
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es
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TER Midi Pyrénées was the regional rail network serving the Midi-Pyrénées region in southwest France. The centre of the network was Toulouse-Matabiau station. In 2017 it was merged into the new TER Occitanie.
Characteristics
The network has 173 train stations and rail stops, as well as 241 road stops.
There is 1500 km of tracks, carrying 330 trains per day and about 30,000 passengers a day. Annual revenue in 2009 was €47.3 million.
Network
Rail
Road
Rodez – Millau
Millau – Saint-Affrique
Villefranche-de-Rouergue – Decazeville
Capdenac – Decazeville
Souillac – Saint-Denis-lès-Martel
Montauban – Albi
Cahors – Figeac – Capdenac
Cahors – Fumel – Monsempron-Libos
Mazamet – Saint-Pons-de-Thomières
Castelnaudary – Revel – Sorèze
Boussens – Saint-Girons – Aulus-les-Bains – Guzet
Lourdes – Argelès-Gazost – Pierrefitte-Nestalas – Cauterets
Pierrefitte-Nestalas – Luz-Saint-Sauveur – Barèges
Tarbes – Lannemezan – Arreau – Saint-Lary-Soulan – Piau-Engaly
Tarbes – Bagnères-de-Bigorre – La Mongie
Tarbes – Mont-de-Marsan – Dax
Tarbes – Miélan – Auch
Auch – Fleurance – Lectoure – Agen
Muret – Longages – Saint-Sulpice-sur-Lèze
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 7300
SNCF Class Z 21500
SNCF Class X 2100
SNCF Class X 72500
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class B 81500 Also called BGC B 81500
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 7200
SNCF Class BB 8500
SNCF Class BB 9300
SNCF Class BB 67400
Structures
Viaduc du Viaur
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Midi-Pyrénées
Midi-Pyrénées
External links
Official Website
Transports in Midi-Pyrénées
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote%20Installation%20Services
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RIS, Remote Installation Services is a Microsoft-supplied server that allows PXE BIOS-enabled computers to remotely execute boot environment variables.
These variables are likely computers that are on a company's (or that company's client's) network. RIS is used to create installation images of operating systems or computer configurations, which can be used to demonstrate the installation process to users whose machines have been granted access to the RIS server. This eliminates the need to use a CD-ROM for installing an operating system.
Background
At boot time, a workstation that has been set to boot from PXE will issue a BOOTP request via the network. Once the request is received, the DHCP Server will supply an IP address to the machine, and the DNS server will point the client computer to the RIS server, which in turn will issue a disc boot image (often called the "OS Chooser"). Once the OS Chooser environment has been booted, the user must authenticate against the Domain Controller, and can then select a Windows image to install. The source files for each image can be customized with 3rd party utilities such as nLite to slipstream updates and service packs, apply tweaks, perform unattended installations, and include software with the operating system.
History
Remote Installation Services was introduced with Windows 2000 as an optional component when installed on Windows 2000 Server. Initially, it supported only the distribution of Windows 2000 Professional, but with Service Pack 3 allowed for the remote installation of Windows 2000 Server. RIS was updated twice; once to support Windows XP, and again to support Windows Server 2003. With the release of Service Pack 2 for Windows Server 2003, RIS was replaced with Windows Deployment Services.
Overview
On Windows 2003, two services are required to provide Remote Installation Services: DHCP and Remote Installation Service. The Remote Installation Server doubles as a proxy DHCP server to provide Boot Server and File name instructions to clients. Remote Installation Service utilizes UDP port 4011 to provide clients the contents of each page the OS Chooser displays. Additionally, this service can provide drivers to clients; it is often used to provide the workstation's network card driver, which is required to launch the OS Chooser and mount the share where images are stored.
Installation Using RIS
RIS can be used only for clean installations and cannot be used to upgrade a previous version of Windows. A RIPrep image can contain the operating system and applications. Computers that are connected to the same network as the server, and have been enabled, automatically start the RIS sequence.
This process can be automated through what is called Remote Replication. Remote replication allows installations to be sent to a designated network share at a remote office, which can then be run by any system at that location. This allows servers to run the install automatically, eliminating the need
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTT
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LTT is an initialism for the following:
Libya Telecom & Technology
Light the Torch, an American Rock Band formerly as Devil You Know
Linux Trace Toolkit, for tracing computer program execution
Lithuanian talonas, ISO 4217 code
Lokmanya Tilak Terminus, a railway terminus in Mumbai, India
Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue, a catalog of proper motions for stars
Linus Tech Tips, a Canadian tech-related YouTube channel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton%20World
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Carlton World was a British digital television channel, launched on 15 November 1998 and closed down on 1 February 2000. Its sister channels were Carlton Kids, Carlton Food Network, Carlton Select and Carlton Cinema. It was carried on ONdigital channel 34, and timeshared with Carlton Kids.
Programmes
Carlton World broadcast factual and some entertainment programming produced or commissioned by Carlton and its merged companies, including Central Independent Television and Westcountry Television, although it was not unusual for programmes from other ITV network companies to be featured on the channel. They would broadcast between 7pm (closedown of Carlton Kids) and 12am (transmitter shutdown)
History
It was carried on both analogue and digital cable prior to ONdigital's launch. The channel had limited coverage, reaching only 69% of the population via the lowest-powered terrestrial multiplex D, and newspapers and listings magazines were slow to feature the channel's programming. Carlton World, along with Carlton Kids, closed in 2000 due to poor viewership and financial difficulties and this was partly due to the limited uptake of the ONdigital platform where it was exclusively available, and where the channel was replaced with Discovery Kids and Discovery Wings. On Carlton's television platform, ONdigital, the capacity was replaced by Discovery Wings.
The remainder of the ONdigital-exclusive Carlton channels closed over the next few years. and Carlton Communications merged with Granada plc in 2004, forming ITV plc. Programming from Carlton World was absorbed into ITV plc's Digital Channels.
References
External links
Carlton World at TVARK
Carlton Television
Defunct television channels in the United Kingdom
Television channels and stations established in 1998
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache%20pollution
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Cache pollution describes situations where an executing computer program loads data into CPU cache unnecessarily, thus causing other useful data to be evicted from the cache into lower levels of the memory hierarchy, degrading performance. For example, in a multi-core processor, one core may replace the blocks fetched by other cores into shared cache, or prefetched blocks may replace demand-fetched blocks from the cache.
Example
Consider the following illustration:
T[0] = T[0] + 1;
for i in 0..sizeof(CACHE)
C[i] = C[i] + 1;
T[0] = T[0] + C[sizeof(CACHE)-1];
(The assumptions here are that the cache is composed of only one level, it is unlocked, the replacement policy is pseudo-LRU, all data is cacheable, the set associativity of the cache is N (where N > 1), and at most one processor register is available to contain program values).
Right before the loop starts, T[0] will be fetched from memory into cache, its value updated. However, as the loop executes, because the number of data elements the loop references requires the whole cache to be filled to its capacity, the cache block containing T[0] has to be evicted. Thus, the next time the program requests T[0] to be updated, the cache misses, and the cache controller has to request the data bus to bring the corresponding cache block from main memory again.
In this case the cache is said to be "polluted". Changing the pattern of data accesses by positioning the first update of T[0] between the loop and the second update can eliminate the inefficiency:
for i in 0..sizeof(CACHE)
C[i] = C[i] + 1;
T[0] = T[0] + 1;
T[0] = T[0] + C[sizeof(CACHE)-1];
Solutions
Other than code-restructuring mentioned above, the solution to cache pollution is ensure that only high-reuse data are stored in cache. This can be achieved by using special cache control instructions, operating system support or hardware support.
Examples of specialized hardware instructions include "lvxl" provided by PowerPC AltiVec. This instruction loads a 128 bit wide value into a register and marks the corresponding cache block as "least recently used" i.e. as the prime candidate for eviction upon a need to evict a block from its cache set. To appropriately use that instruction in the context of the above example, the data elements referenced by the loop would have to be loaded using this instruction. When implemented in this manner, cache pollution would not take place, since the execution of such loop would not cause premature eviction of T[0] from cache. This would be avoided because, as the loop would progress, the addresses of the elements in C would map to the same cache way, leaving the actually older (but not marked as "least recently used") data intact on the other way(s). Only the oldest data (not pertinent for the example given) would be evicted from cache, which T[0] is not a member of, since its update occurs right before the loop's start.
Similarly, using operating system (OS) support, the pages i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Alsace
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TER Alsace was the regional rail network serving the région of Alsace, eastern France. In 2016 it was merged into the new TER Grand Est.
Network
Rail
Road
Cernay – Sewen
Colmar – Turckheim – Munster – Metzeral
Colmar – Volgelsheim
Haguenau – Niederbronn – Bitche
Haguenau – Obermodern-Zutzendorf – Saverne
Ingwiller – Wimmenau – Lichtenberg
Mommenheim – Obermodern-Zutzendorf
Sarrebourg – Réding
Sarre-Union – Sarrebourg
Frohmuhl – Obermodern-Zutzendorf – Saverne
Sélestat – Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines – Saint-Dié
Obermodern-Zutzendorf – Bouxwiller
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 11500
SNCF Class Z 27500
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class X 73900 (generally used on lines to Germany)
SNCF Class X 76500
SNCF Class B 82500
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 25500
SNCF Class BB 26000
SNCF Class BB 67400
Future
The TER Alsace continues its development. Some old lines will be opened again, and new trains have been ordered (Alstom Régiolis) and will be delivered in 2013–2014.
At the same time, the region is currently putting in place Alséo, a magnetic card allowing access not only to the urban transport networks of Strasbourg, Colmar and Mulhouse, but also the TER network.
Tram-train
The Thur valley tram-train, between Mulhouse and Thann, began operation in December 2010 with Siemens Avanto rolling stock.
A tram-train between Strasbourg, Molsheim and Barr has also been proposed but won't be realized before 2018
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Alsace
Alsace
References
External links
Official Site (SNCF)
Official Site (Région)
TER
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESDL
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ESDL may stand for:
EPOC SDL, a port of the programming library SDL to Symbian OS.
Erlang SDL, a port of SDL to the Erlang programming language.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Lorraine
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TER Lorraine was the regional rail network serving Lorraine region, France. In 2016 it was merged into the new TER Grand Est.
Network
Rail
Road
Thionville – Bouzonville – Creutzwald
Remiremont – Bussang
Remiremont – La Bresse – Gérardmer
Épinal – Mirecourt – Vittel – Neufchâteau
Lunéville – Rambervillers – Bruyères
Béning – Sarreguemines – Bitche
Sarre-Union – Sarrebourg
Bitche – Haguenau
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 6300
SNCF Class Z 11500
SNCF Class Z 24500
SNCF Class X 4300
SNCF Class X 4750
SNCF Class X 4790
SNCF Class X 73900
SNCF Class X 76500
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 15000
SNCF Class BB 16500
SNCF Class BB 66400
SNCF Class Z 27500 on order
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Lorraine
Lorraine
External links
Official Site
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20New%20Quiz%20Kids
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The New Quiz Kids was a short-lived television series, based on the 1950s game show Quiz Kids. Two separate seasons were produced in Canada in 1978-1979 by the Global Television Network in association with RKO Television and Columbia Pictures.
Episodes were rebroadcast several times in the following seasons. The host was a young Terry David Mulligan. Five high school students competed in each episode, with the top three earning the right to continue. Michael Mullerbeck of University of Toronto Schools earned the most appearances (33), followed by Bettina Weber (22) of Silverthorn CI, and John Chew (11), also of UTS.
External links
Line producer's credit
Canadian government production record
1970s Canadian game shows
Global Television Network original programming
Student quiz television series
1978 Canadian television series debuts
1979 Canadian television series endings
Canadian high school television series
Television series about teenagers
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maju%20Expressway
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The Maju Expressway (MEX) (formerly known as Kuala Lumpur–Putrajaya Expressway (KLPE) and KL–KLIA Dedicated Expressway) (Malay: Lebuhraya Kuala Lumpur-Putrajaya) is an expressway network in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The -long expressway links the Kuala Lumpur City Centre with the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Sepang, Selangor. The expressway is a backbone of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) area.
The Kilometre Zero is located at Kampung Pandan Interchange, Kuala Lumpur, just outside the Tun Razak Exchange.
History
Construction of Maju Expressway started on 6 December 2004 and completed on 5 December 2007. It was open to motorists on 13 December 2007. This expressway provided fast and convenient connectivity between Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia and Putrajaya – the new Malaysian Government Administrative Centre, Cyberjaya – the core of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) and KLIA.
MEX is operated by Maju Expressway Sdn Bhd (MESB), the concessionaire that has been awarded a 33-year concession to operate the dual carriageway.
Extending 26 km in its first phase, MEX is designated as the Protocol Expressway that links Putrajaya, Cyberjaya, KLIA and LCCT with Kuala Lumpur. MEX reduce traveling time between Putrajaya to Kuala Lumpur from about 60 minutes to 30 minutes, or half the previous travelling time with five interchanges: Kampung Pandan, Salak South, Kuchai Lama, Bukit Jalil and Putrajaya Utama (Putrajaya Main).
Seri Kembangan interchange (Exit 2004A) began operations at 13 January 2016, providing access from MEX to Seri Kembangan (formerly Serdang), Puchong and Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM).
Maju Expressway was planned to extend to KLIA by Dec 2019 and the route will be 18 km-long, three-lane dual carriageway and commence at Putrajaya Main Interchange.
Controversial issues
Noise and cracks at Sri Petaling
The development stage of the Kuala Lumpur-Putrajaya Expressway created a controversy due to the effects of the construction to the houses of the residents in Sri Petaling. There were several cracks reported to some houses, fueling protests among the Sri Petaling residents against the construction of the expressway.
According to the residents, the expressway was reported to be built too near to residential houses, which was claimed by Sri Petaling residents as violating the expressway construction standards. The expressway which was built too near to the residential areas (only 2 m from residential houses) also causes concerns about noise pollution as well as safety issues that would be caused by the expressway.
Despite of the complaints and protests by the residents, the Malaysian Minister of Works, Datuk Seri S. Samy Vellu insisted that sound barriers would be installed along the Sri Petaling section and the Sri Petaling flyover would be made higher to reduce noise pollution.
Last-minute motorcycle ban on the expressway
On 31 January 2008, Datuk Seri S. Samy Vellu officially banned all motorcycles from us
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATN%20Urdu
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ATN Urdu is a Canadian pay television channel owned by Asian Television Network (ATN). It is a Urdu-language general entertainment network, airing programming that appeals to the entire family including comedies, serials, talk shows, music, religious programs and more.
History
In November 2000, ATN was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television channel called Urdu Channel, described as "a national ethnic Category 2 specialty television service targeting the Urdu-speaking community."
The channel launched on May 8, 2004 as ATN ARY Digital under a licensing agreement with ARY Digital, a television network from Pakistan.
In December 2012, the channel was re-branded ATN Urdu due to the expiration of the programming agreement with ARY. As of January 3, 2013, ATN Urdu no longer airs any programming from ARY Digital as the rights are now held by a different broadcaster.
On August 30, 2013, the CRTC approved Asian Television Network's request to convert ATN Urdu from a licensed Category B specialty service to an exempted Cat. B third language service.
References
External links
Digital cable television networks in Canada
Pakistani-Canadian culture
Pakistani diaspora mass media
Television channels and stations established in 2004
South Asian television in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATN%20Gujarati
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ATN Gujarati is a Canadian exempt Category B Gujarati language specialty channel owned by Asian Television Network (ATN).
ATN Gujarati broadcasts programming focused on family entertainment and culture. Programming includes talk shows, current affairs, news, films, and festival-based programs. Programming is primarily sourced from TV9, an Indian-based television channel, as well as Canadian content.
History
In November 2000, ATN was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television channel called Gujarati Channel, described as "a national ethnic Category 2 specialty television service targeting the Gujarati-speaking community".
The channel launched on October 19, 2005 as ATN Zee Gujarati under a licensing agreement with Zee Entertainment Enterprises, the owners of Zee Gujarati, an Indian-based channel.
In May 2009, Zee Gujarati ceased operations in India due to losses at the network. As a result, in June 2009, ATN rebranded the network ATN Gujarati and began supplying much of its programming from TV9.
On August 30, 2013, the CRTC approved Asian Television Network's request to convert ATN Gujarati from a licensed Category B specialty service to an exempted Cat. B third language service.
References
External links
Digital cable television networks in Canada
Television channels and stations established in 2005
South Asian television in Canada
Gujarati-language television channels in India
Indian diaspora mass media
Indo-Canadian culture
Asian-Canadian culture in Ontario
Gujarati-language television
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Information%20Network%20for%20Electronic%20Services
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The Public Information Network for Electronic Services (or PINES) is the nearly statewide library consortium and its online library catalog of the Georgia Public Library Service. By June 2017, the catalog consisted of books from 284 library facilities in 143 counties across the U.S. state of Georgia with a collection size of 10.6 million items, all of which are searchable by anyone with a PINES library card which can be obtained free of charge from any PINES-participating library.
The PINES system effectively turns most of the state of Georgia into one huge library. PINES cardholders are able to request an interlibrary loan from any affiliated library, and the single statewide library card grants access to the hundreds of branches associated with the service. PINES also manages the booking of rooms, the use of remote self-check machines, allows automated search and retrieval, as well as supports RSS and Schema.org standards.
PINES developed the open-source software Evergreen, an integrated library system which it and other library consortia use to manage their online catalogs.
History
PINES development
In 1998 a white paper was created exploring the feasibility of a statewide public library card for Georgia. As Georgia had consistently ranked among the lowest states in public library funding per capita it was agreed that a universal library card could be of great benefit to the residents of Georgia as long as the affiliated libraries were unified under one single integrated library system (ILS). It was also believed that by establishing a state-wide library cost to individual library systems would be lowered as they wouldn't need to maintain their own integrated library systems, and certain tasks could be centralized through the state saving additional time.
By 1999 PINES became a reality, administered by the current Georgia Public Library Service (GPLS). It initially was used as a Y2K state-funded project to address needs of public libraries without Y2K-compliant ILS computer services. These libraries, mostly rural, were deemed not to have programs that would survive into the 21st century. Some libraries were still not automated as well. The PINES initiative would give these libraries access first, bringing their services into the modern era. Looking to complete the project before the year 2000, on April 8, 1999, the initial contract to develop the ILS was awarded to KPMG partnered with the SIRSI Corporation and Sun Microsystems.
In December 1999 the new software was finished and ready for deployment. In that same month Phase 1 of PINES went live with 98 affiliated libraries. For the next two years other libraries saw the success of PINES, and rather than replace their outdated ILS with a new independent one, requested to join the statewide system. In 2001 Phase 2 of PINES went live with an addition 111 libraries joining the service.
Evergreen development
In 2004 the GPLS decided not to renew their contract with KPMG/Sirsi after being adv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTV%20Canada
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NTV Canada (НТВ in Cyrillic) was a Canadian exempt Category B Russian language specialty channel. The channel was owned by HTB Canada Inc.
It broadcast programming from NTV Russia and local Canadian content. NTV Canada produced weekly news program Today and Yesterday with Andrei Mazuruc and Stanislav Milashchenko, talk show Honest Talk with Luba Cherny, and arts and culture program Afisha (What's on) with Svetlana Dvoretskaya. The channel broadcast a variety of programming including seven live daily newscasts, talk shows, films, and popular TV series.
History
On August 6, 2004, HTB Canada Inc. was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television channel called HTB Canada, described as "a national, ethnic Category 2 Russian-language specialty television service. The applicant proposed to offer a programming service targeting the Russian-speaking community, although 10% of all programming would be in the English language".
The channel launched in January 2006 as NTV Canada on Rogers Cable.
On August 30, 2013, the CRTC approved HTB Canada Inc.'s request to convert NTV Canada from a licensed Category B specialty service to an exempted Cat. B third language service.
In November 2015, the channel ceased operations, and no announcement was made about the pending shut down. As such the official day it ceased operations is currently unknown.
See also
NTV Russia
References
Defunct television networks in Canada
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2015
Multicultural and ethnic television in Canada
Television channels and stations established in 2006
Digital cable television networks in Canada
Russian-language television stations
Russian-Canadian culture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%20Sagar%20TV
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Sur Sagar TV, also known as SSTV, is a Canadian Category B Punjabi language specialty channel with select programming in English. It is owned by Ravinder Singh Pannu and features a mix of programming, including movies, news, dramas and music.
The channel was authorized by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in 2000.
Pannu also operates Sur Saagar Radio, a radio station available on cable and SCMO. It is currently available through Shaw Direct and EastLink Cable.
From September 2013 to mid-2015, Sur Sagar TV had been available over the air via KVOS-TV's digital subchannel 12.3.
References
External links
SSTV
Sur Sagar Radio
Digital cable television networks in Canada
Punjabi-language television in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duta%E2%80%93Ulu%20Klang%20Expressway
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Duta–Ulu Klang Expressway (DUKE, E33), is the main expressway network in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The expressway connects New Klang Valley Expressway's Jalan Duta Interchange (E1) to Taman Hillview Interchange on Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 28 in Ulu Klang. The expressway was constructed to provide the "missing link" between New Klang Valley Expressway (E1), Kuala Lumpur–Karak Expressway (E8), and Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 (JKR28). This expressway is also known as the Kuala Lumpur Northeast Dispersal Link Scheme. It was proposed by Tan Sri Datuk Lim Kang Hoo, a chairman of Ekovest Berhad.
It originally was given route code E16 but later changed to E33 instead.
In addition to improving connectivity, DUKE disperses traffic from the city to the suburban range through several routes in and out of several branches of the main intersection. Through DUKE, drivers can move from one part to other parts of Kuala Lumpur in a short time, by bypassing congested traffic areas, such as Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1 and Kuala Lumpur Inner Ring Road.
Route background
Duta–Sentul Pasar–Ulu Klang sections
The Kilometre Zero of this section is located at Jalan Duta Interchange near Jalan Duta, Kuala Lumpur, at its interchange with the New Klang Valley Expressway .
Greenwood–Sentul Pasar sections
The Kilometre Zero of this section is located at Sentul Pasar Interchange. At Bandar Dalam Interchange the expressway overlaps with the Federal Route 2 from Bandar Dalam Interchange to Greenwood Interchange.
History
The expressway used to be known as the Kuala Lumpur North East Expressway (KLNEE). It is a main element in the Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020 as specified in the Transportation Research of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted by the Kuala Lumpur City Hall (Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur) (DBKL) in 1985. It was identified by DBKL as one of the main connecting routes to complete the Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020. DBKL conducted a detailed study of the alignment that feed the next three years, including Environmental Impact Assessment and Public Opinion. These studies and reports were approved by the Concession Agreement signed with the Federal Government on 12 August 2004.
The construction of this expressway commenced in mid-2006. The Jalan Duta–DUKE Interchange was built at the sharp hairpin of the NKVE and the Jalan Kuching Interchange was built at the former Jalan Kuching Toll Plaza owned by Kamunting Corporation Berhad. The expressway was partially (2/3) opened officially by the Minister of Works Ir Mohd Zin Mohamed on 9 January 2009. Three months later, the NKVE section was open to traffic on 30 April 2009. Built to accommodate 120,000 vehicles per day, this expressway will offer an attractive alternative route to Klang Valley residents, especially for those traveling from east to west and for those who want to go to the city centre.
Progress
Construction progress gallery
Developments
DUKE Extension Expressway Pr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Peru
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Rail transport in Peru has a varied history. Peruvian rail transport has never formed a true network, primarily comprising separate lines running inland from the coast and built according to freight need rather than passenger need.
Many Peruvian railroad lines owe their origins to contracts granted to United States entrepreneurs Henry Meiggs and W. R. Grace and Company but the mountainous nature of Peru made expansion slow and much of the surviving mileage is of twentieth-century origin. It was also challenging to operate, especially in the age of the steam locomotive.
In the latter part of the 1880s, the principal public railways, the Central and Southern, with others, passed to the control of the Peruvian Corporation, registered in London and controlled by Americans Michael and William R. Grace. In 1972 they were nationalized as Empresa Nacional de Ferrocarriles del Perú (ENAFER), but this survived as an operator only until 1999 when most surviving lines were privatized. Regular passenger traffic now operates over only a small proportion of the mileage.
The Tacna-Arica Railway crosses the boundary with Chile, running twice daily, once in the morning and once in the late afternoon. The Southern Railway provides connection with Bolivia by ship across Lake Titicaca.
Principal lines
The Central Railway, Ferrocarril Central del Perú (FCC), incorporates the first railway in Peru opened on May 17, 1851, linking the Pacific port of Callao and the capital Lima ( of standard gauge). This was expanded to form the Callao, Lima & Oroya Railway, opened to Chicla by 1878, the original contractor being Henry Meiggs and engineer being Ernest Malinowski assisted by Edward Jan Habich. The line reached La Oroya by 1893 and Huancayo () in 1908. It is the second highest railway in the world (following opening of the Qingzang railway in Tibet), with the Galera summit tunnel under Mount Meiggs at and Galera station at above sea level, requiring constructional feats including many switchbacks and steel bridges. Since 1999 it has been operated as the Ferrocarril Central Andino (FCCA) (with its associated maintenance company Ferrovias Central Andina (FVCA)) by the Pittsburgh-registered Railroad Development Corporation. There is no regular passenger traffic but excursions are operated from the Lima Desamparados station. In April 1955 the Central Railway opened a spur line from La Cima on the Morococha branch ( above sea level) to Volcán Mine, reaching an (at the time) world record altitude of . Both branch and spur have since closed to traffic.
The Central is extended by the Ferrocarril Huancayo - Huancavelica which was authorised in 1904 (engineer: Charles Weber) but work was interrupted during the World War I and it was not opened throughout ( of gauge) until 1926. Work was continued but never completed on extending the line to the Pacific coast. After a period under provincial government control it was agreed in June 2006 by the Peruvian government that FCCA s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20Learning%20Network
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The Quantum Learning Network (QLN) is an education and training organization based in Oceanside, California. Prior to 2005, the organization was known as the Learning Forum.
The QLN's flagship program is SuperCamp, a summer camp program developed initially by Bobbi DePorter, Eric Jensen and Greg Simmons in 1982, designed to introduce teenagers to accelerated learning academic skills and valuable life skills. The SuperCamp program is now held annually at several locations across the United States and around the world. Since 1982, more than 40,000 students worldwide have attended SuperCamp.
The QLN also regularly runs Quantum Learning for Students, Quantum Learning for Teachers, Quantum Learning for Administrators and Quantum Learning for Business programs for schools, school districts and corporations. QLN's programs have been held across the world in countries including Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, the Dominican Republic, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Russia, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan and China. QLN also produces books, video and audiotapes, CDs and computer products about academic and life skills which are available around the world.
The QLN's founder and President is Bobbi DePorter, an educator and businesswoman who in the 1970s studied with Dr. Georgi Lozanov, who developed accelerated learning, and applied his methods to business and education.
Over the years, the QLN has been profiled in several publications including The Wall Street Journal, Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times and USA Today. Stories about QLN have also appeared on over 100 television and radio programs in the US and other countries. QLN's SuperCamp was honored in the "Touch America: Showcase of Model Learning Programs" held in Washington, D.C.
References
External links
Quantum Learning Network website
Organizations established in 1982
Companies based in San Diego County, California
Education in San Diego County, California
Educational organizations based in the United States
Oceanside, California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QLN
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QLN may refer to:
QLN, the station code for Kollam Junction railway station, the second largest railway station in Kerala state of India
Quantum Learning Network, an education and training organization based in Oceanside, California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortify
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Fortify is a verb, meaning to build a fortification.
Fortify may also refer to:
Computing and technology
Fortify (Netscape), a software hack for the Netscape Navigator
Fortify, a software tool used to format programs in the Fortress programming language for rendering by LaTeX
Fortify Software, a software code analysis product
Fortify, an app marketed by the anti-pornography organization Fight the New Drug which tracks the user’s masturbation habits
Other uses
Fortify, a construction project on Interstate 40 (North Carolina)
See also
Fortification (disambiguation)
Fortified
Fortress
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ESPNews%20personalities
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This is a list of several past and present personalities on the ESPNews network. (NOTE: All of the current ESPNews anchors listed below are now SportsCenter anchors as of June 2013.)
Current
Max Bretos: 2010–present (anchor, ESPNews)
Linda Cohn: 1996–present (anchor, ESPNews)
Kevin Connors: 2008–present (anchor, ESPNews)
David Lloyd: 1997–present (anchor, ESPNews)
Former
David Amber: 2003-2005 (anchor, ESPNews), now with the NHL Network
Andre Aldridge: 1997-2000 (anchor, ESPNews), now with NBA TV
John Anderson: 1999-2000 (anchor, ESPNews), now a SportsCenter anchor for ESPN
Steve Berthiaume: 1999–2005, 2007–2012 (anchor, ESPNews), now an Arizona Diamondbacks play-by-play commentator with Bally Sports Arizona
Michelle Bonner: 2005–2012 (anchor, ESPNews)
Cindy Brunson: 1999-2012 (anchor, ESPNews), now with Bally Sports Arizona
Steve Bunin: 2003–2012 (anchor, ESPNews), was in same position at Comcast SportsNet Houston (now Root Sports Southwest) until October 2014, now with Yahoo! Sports
Ryan Burr: 2006–2011 (anchor, ESPNews), now with the Golf Channel
Cara Capuano: 2000–2004 (anchor, ESPNews), now in same position at ESPNU
Jonathan Coachman: 2008–2017 (anchor ESPNews), now WWE Pre show host
Lindsay Czarniak 2011–2017 (anchor, ESPNews), was later a SportsCenter anchor for ESPN let go on August 31, 2017
Neil Everett: 2001–2005 (anchor, ESPNews), now a Los Angeles-based SportsCenter anchor for ESPN
Dave Feldman: 1996–2000 (afternoon anchor, ESPNews), now a SportsNet Central anchor for NBC Sports Bay Area
Mike Golic: 2004-2005 (co-host, Mike & Mike)
Mike Greenberg: 1996-2005 (co-host, Mike & Mike and anchor, ESPNews), now a SportsCenter anchor for ESPN in addition to his current duties on the aforementioned radio show
Mike Hall: 2004–2005 (anchor, ESPNews), formerly with ESPNU from 2005-03-04 to 2007-04-27, now with BTN
Mike Hill: 2005–2013 (anchor, ESPNews), now with Fox Sports 1
Bob Halloran: 1999-2003 (anchor, ESPNews), now at WCVB-TV in Boston
David Holmes: 2005–2006 (anchor, ESPNews), now a sports reporter and substitute sports anchor at WTVG (ABC) in Toledo, OH
Jason Jackson: 1996-2002 (anchor, ESPNews), now a broadcaster for the Miami Heat
Dana Jacobson: 2002-2005 (anchor, ESPNews), now co-host of TBD in the AM on CBS Sports Radio; also co-anchor on CBS This Morning Saturday; now with CBS News and Sports
Brian Kenny: 2003–2005 (anchor, ESPNews, The Hot List), now with MLB Network
Michael Kim: 1996–2013 (anchor, ESPNews), now with 120 Sports
Mark Malone: 1996–2004 (anchor, ESPNews), now sports director for WBBM-TV (CBS) in Chicago, IL
Jade McCarthy: 2012-2013 (anchor, ESPNews), was later a SportsCenter anchor, let go by ESPN on April 26, 2017
Dari Nowkhah: 2004-2011 (anchor, ESPNews), now in same position at ESPNU
Bill Pidto: 1996–2008 (anchor, ESPNEWS), now with MSG Network
Dave Revsine: 1996–2007 (anchor, ESPNews), now lead anchor at BTN
Scott Reiss: 2001–2008 (anchor, ESPNews), now with NBC Sports Bay Area
D
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Flaherty
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Paul Andrew Flaherty (March 14, 1964 – March 16, 2006) was an American computer scientist. He was a renowned specialist in Internet protocols and the inventor of the AltaVista search engine.
Biography
Flaherty was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and mathematics from Marquette University, and his master's degree and PhD in electrical engineering from Stanford University.
He joined Digital Equipment Corporation in 1994 and, as the Associated Press wrote:
He held an amateur radio Extra class license with the call sign N9FZX. Was President, W6YX, Stanford Amateur Radio Club, 1986-1990.
Station Engineer, W6YX, Stanford Amateur Radio Club, 1990-1994.
Started the VHF+ mailing list in 1989.
Married to his Stanford University sweetheart N6YBV (this number refers to her amateur radio call sign).
An avid railfan photographer and past Assistant General Manager of the Niles Canyon Railway.
Member of the Marquette chapter of Triangle Fraternity as an undergrad, where he served as chapter President. He exercised his duties with honor and was well liked within the fraternity.
Member of the Sunnyvale Rod and Gun Club where he enjoyed target shooting and trap shooting.
While a grad student drove a 1979 Z28 Camaro with T-tops.
At age 42, Flaherty died of a heart attack at his home in Belmont, California.
References
1964 births
2006 deaths
Scientists from Milwaukee
Amateur radio people
Marquette University alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
People from Belmont, California
Digital Equipment Corporation people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christi%20Malthouse
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Christi Malthouse (born 1976) is an Australian journalist.
Career
Malthouse was a journalist for Network Ten and is the daughter of Mick Malthouse, former Australian rules football player and the former coach of the Western Bulldogs, West Coast Eagles, Collingwood and Carlton Football Clubs in the AFL. In addition to her boundary-riding role for Ten's Australian Football League coverage, Christi has also been a sports presenter for Ten News and appeared on shows such as 9am with David and Kim as a health and fitness reporter, and Before The Game. She also hosted the football lifestyle show Beyond the Boundary.
Malthouse went on maternity leave in late 2008. She returned in 2009, but didn't return to Ten's AFL coverage. She remained the main fill-in for Stephen Quartermain on Ten News Melbourne Sport.
In May 2010, Malthouse left and joined the Nine Network and currently presents sports updates on the Sunday AFL Footy Show. Malthouse has also provided the commentary for the AFL video game series.
Publishing
In 2012, Malthouse wrote a biography of her father, Malthouse: A Football Life.
Personal life
On 18 November 2007, Malthouse married personal trainer Dean Casamento. Together they have three children, Zac, Lillia and Grace
References
External links
Saxton profile
1976 births
Living people
Australian rules football commentators
10 News First presenters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magda%27s%20Funny%20Bits
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Magda's Funny Bits was a television comedy featuring Magda Szubanski that was broadcast on the Nine Network, Australia in early 2006. The Nine Network commissioned five episodes, four of which were aired prior to the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
Format
The series was a sketch comedy and clip show featuring popular Szubanski characters from Fast Forward, Big Girl's Blouse and Kath & Kim.
Mary McGregor hosted the show and told stories about her love life and family. The character is a Scottish alcoholic, who sought a scotch company as a sponsor.
Chanelle from Chanelle's Institute de Beauty and House of Hair Removal. Chanelle first appeared in Fast Forward advertising outlandish hair and beauty products. In this series she advertised faulty products which were more threat than help. As with the Fast Forward sketches, the format was an advertorial segment on a fictional television show Mornings with Janelle. Janelle, the host, was played by Marg Downey.
Lynne hosted an Australia's Funniest Home Videos in competition with the real life host Toni Pearen. Lynne showed funny videos in her sketches but also made fun of both Pearen and then Nine Network CEO Eddie McGuire.
Sharon Strzelecki hosted Sharon's Wider World Of Sports, a spoof of Nine's Wide World of Sport. Strzelecki showed clips of sporting disasters in her sketches and, as in Kath & Kim, had a new sporting injury in each episode.
Reception
Despite Szubanski being one of Australia's most popular actors and comedians, critical and public reception of the series was poor. The West Australian described the series as "a classic example of safe but uninspired programming". The Herald Sun described it as one of the "least accurately titled shows to appear on Australian TV". The Australian and the Daily Telegraph labelled it as one of the biggest flops of 2006. The Courier Mail was even more scathing, saying "It is truly an embarrassment. Kerry Packer would be turning in his grave." TV writer Andrew Mercado blamed the network, saying "What an abysmal thing to do to her. She's putting all those great comic characters into the worst possible scenario."
The series also performed poorly in the ratings, receiving only a quarter of the viewing audience of Dancing with the Stars.
At the conclusion of the Commonwealth Games, the fifth episode remained unaired.
External links
References
2000s Australian comedy television series
Nine Network original programming
2006 Australian television series debuts
2006 Australian television series endings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Franche-Comt%C3%A9
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TER Franche-Comté was the regional rail network serving the Franche-Comté région, France. In 2017 it was merged into the new TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.
Since the convention signed in 2002 for a duration of 5 years, between Jean-François Humbert, then president of the Regional council of Franche-Comté and Noël Belin, then regional director of the SNCF, the regional council of Franche-Comté is the organising authority of regional transports. A new agreement, signed on 21 December 2006, by Raymond Forni, president of the Conseil Régional de Franche-Comté and Josiane Beaud, regional directeur of the SNCF, en présence d'Anne-Marie Idrac, présidente of the SNCF, from 2007–2012.
TER railway connections
The two lines Dijon–Dole–Besançon and Besançon–Montbéliard–Belfort essentially form one line, called the Saône–Doubs line. It constitutes the backbone of trips in Franche-Comté with 60% of the passengers and 60% of the Gross profit. It's along this route that the line bypasses highwayss, canals and other railways.
The Revermont line: Besançon–Lons-le-Saunier–Bourg-en-Bresse. Second line by its importance, is, for a large part, a single track (between Saint-Amour and Mouchard).
Besançon–Morteau–La Chaux-de-Fonds : this line has been certified by French normes in 2005. The trains on this line are usually done with SNCF Class X 73500 and SNCF Class X 2800, though occasionally they are upgraded to SNCF Class XR 6200.
Belfort–Épinal
Dijon–Pontarlier
Dole–Saint-Claude: this line is called the ligne des hirondelles (line of swallows)
Montbéliard–Belfort–Vesoul
Morez–Bourg-en-Bresse–Lyon
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 9500
SNCF Class Z 9600
SNCF Class X 2800+ trailers SNCF Class XR 6000
SNCF Class X 4750
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class X 76500 (also called: XGC X 76500)
SNCF Class Z 27500 (also called: ZGC Z 27500)
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 22200
SNCF Class BB 25500
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Franche-Comté
External links
TER Franche-Comté website
Map of the Network
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Auvergne
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TER Auvergne was the regional rail network serving Auvergne région, France. In 2017 it was merged into the new TER Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.
Network
Rail
Bus
Arlanc – Ambert – Thiers – Vichy
Neussargues – Riom-ès-Montagnes – Bort-les-Orgues
Clermont-Ferrand – Bort-les-Orgues – Mauriac – Saint-Martin-Valmeroux
Aurillac – Mauriac – Bort-les-Orgues
Le Puy-en-Velay – La Chaise-Dieu – Ambert
Dunières – Firminy
Le Puy-en-Velay – Langogne – Mende
Bort-les-Orgues – Ussel
Montluçon – Ussel
Montluçon – Saint-Éloy-les-Mines – Clermont-Ferrand
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class X 2100
SNCF Class X 2800
SNCF Class X 4300
SNCF Class X 4500
SNCF Class X 4630
SNCF Class X 4750
SNCF Class X 72500
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class X 76500 (XGC X 76500)
On order:
SNCF Class Z 27500 (ZGC Z 27500)
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 67400
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations
List of SNCF stations in Auvergne
Auvergne (region)
External links
TER Auvergne website
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Limousin
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TER Limousin was the regional rail network serving Limousin région, France. In 2017, it was merged into the new TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
Network
By train
By bus
Limoges – Uzerche – Tulle
Limoges – Aubusson – Felletin
Ussel – Felletin
Ussel – Auzances – Montluçon
Montluçon – Aubusson – Felletin
La Souterraine – Guéret – Aubusson – Felletin
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 7300
SNCF Class X 2200
SNCF Class X 2800
SNCF Class X 72500
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class B 81500
Buses
Renault Tracer
Renault Arès
Irisbus Axer
Irisbus Midys
Indcar Mago 2
Van Hool T 815 Alicron
Setra S 315 GT
External links
TER Limousin
TER
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te%20d%27Azur
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TER Provence Alpes-Côte-d'Azur (TER PACA) is the regional rail network serving the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France. This network is operated by SNCF.
The public transport authority, the Regional Council, runs 800 trains a day, especially near Avignon, Marseille, Toulon and Nice. 100,000 users take regional trains each day.
Network
The network is made up of 17 train lines. All bus lines are operated by private operators under the Regional Council Authority.
Unlike most other regions in France, the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur separates their trains into two services:
TER : suburban or local services, with only 2nd class wagons. These trains are operated with multiple units.
Intervilles : regional InterCity trains (not to be confused with InterCités trains, a nationwide service), with 1st and 2nd class, except between Marseille, Gap and Briançon.
This separation is done due to the presence of big metropolises on the coast (Marseille, Toulon and Nice) and a very rural hinterland (French Alps). Toulon does not have suburban services, as these are absorbed into Marseille. The suburban trains from Marseille also continue onto Avignon, away.
Rail
The rail network as of May 2022:
Rail service not part of the TER Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur network:
Nice CP – Digne-les-Bains, operated by the Chemins de Fer de Provence
Future
With the building of the new LN Provence-Côte d'Azur line between Marseille and Monaco expected by 2030, regional traffic may grow. This will be achieved through the introduction of a new high speed train calling every hour at Marseille Provence Airport, the construction of a new underground train station in downtown Marseille, a new high speed stop in Marseille's Eastern Districts, and the enlargement of Toulon, Nice Côte d'Azur Airport and Nice Ville train stations.
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 23500
SNCF Class Z 26500
SNCF Class B 81500 Also called BGC B 81500
SNCF Class X 76500 Also called XGC Z 76500
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 22200
SNCF Class BB 25500
SNCF Class BB 67400
See also
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
References
External links
Rail transport in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Languedoc-Roussillon
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TER Languedoc-Roussillon was the regional rail network serving Languedoc-Roussillon région in France. The région became the organising authority on 1 January 2002. In 2017 it was merged into the new TER Occitanie.
Network
Rail
Road
Montpellier–Saint-Affrique
Rolling stock
Multiple units
Ligne de Cerdagne
SNCF Class Z 100
SNCF Class Z 150
SNCF Class Z 200
SNCF Class Z 7300
SNCF Class X 2200 (Also called: X 92200)
SNCF Class X 4500
SNCF Class X 72500
SNCF Class X 73500
Locomotives
SNCF Class BB 7200
SNCF Class BB 8500
SNCF Class BB 9300
SNCF Class BB 9600
On order
Twenty-five trains are on order and should be delivered 2007–2008.
21 electric 4 piece Z 27500
4 hybrid (diesel and electric) 3 piece B 81500
Kartatoo
Kartatoo is a public transport pass system introduced during the first term of 2007. The Kartatoo card was introduced using an optional subscription system to Urban networks at a reduced price. This system is offered to TER commuters (Via pro for labourers) and allows users to purchase a monthly ticket on the Montpellier Agglomération and Nîmes Métropole networks. The scheme should be open to students (Via études) from September 2007 and to all from the end of 2008.
These new measures also come with the creation of 3 new fare zones between Montpellier and Nîmes. West to East, the three zones are centred on Montpellier (from the station Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone to that of Saint-Brès–Mudaison), Lunel (Valergues–Lunel-Vieil to Uchaud) and Nîmes (Milhaud to Manduel–Redessan).
The affected area will be extended towards the West to Agde, Béziers and Narbonne during 2008 with all inhabitants of Languedoc-Roussillon concerned from 2009.
Statistics
1341 km of passenger lines
521 km of Double track lines
834 km of electrified lines
780 level crossings of which 23 are temporary
191 tunnels for 52 km
2322 rail bridges
28 individual lines
See also
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations
List of SNCF stations in Languedoc-Roussillon
Languedoc-Roussillon
References
External links
TER Languedoc-Roussillon official site.
TER
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravec
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Pravec could mean:
Petr Pravec, a Czech astronomer
Pravec, Bulgarian computers produced from 1979 until the early 1990s
Pravec, a town in central-western Bulgaria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonprocedural%20language
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NPL (for NonProcedural Language) was a relational database language developed by T.D. Truitt et al. in 1980 for Apple II and, later, for MS-DOS. In general, a non-procedural language (also called a declarative language) requires the programmer to specify what the program should do, rather than (as with a procedural language) providing the sequential steps indicating how the program should perform its task(s).
Notes and references
Query languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melton%20Mowbray%20railway%20station
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Melton Mowbray railway station serves the market town of Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and operated by East Midlands Railway, though CrossCountry operates most of the services as part of its to route. The station is on the route of the Syston and Peterborough Railway, which is now part of the Birmingham to Peterborough Line. It has a ticket office, which is staffed part-time, a car park, and help points for times when no staff are present.
History
The station opened as Melton on 1 September 1846, with two sections of the Syston and Peterborough line, from Leicester to Melton and Stamford to Peterborough. The opening of the former had been delayed by opposition from a landowner, Lord Harborough.
The building is thought to have been designed by William Parsons and Sancton Wood. It was built by the contractor Herberts at a then cost of £3,021. The porte-cochère was added later by the Midland Railway in an attempt to improve the station in response to competition from the Great Northern and London and North Western Joint Railway which opened its station, , in 1879.
The station was badly damaged by a snowstorm on Tuesday 11 April 1876. The weight of snow on the corrugated iron roof that spanned the two platforms and lines, about long and wide, caused the roof to collapse shortly after a goods train had passed through. Fortunately there were no passengers on the platforms and no fatalities. A small section of remaining roof in poor condition was yanked down with a long chain, using a locomotive. The line was cleared in about three hours.
The station has had several names during its existence. After opening as Melton in 1846 it was renamed Melton Mowbray on 1 November 1876 and then Melton Mowbray South in 1923. In 1957 it was renamed Melton Mowbray Town to distinguish it from Melton Mowbray North (though this had closed to regular traffic in 1953). It was given its current name on 14 June 1965.
It was refurbished in 2011 with re-glazed platform canopies, resurfaced platforms, passenger information screens, improved disabled access to the barrow crossing, a full repaint and a new footbridge. The refurbishment of the platforms retained their original length – previous plans to extend them by up to were omitted. Following this, Melton Mowbray won a "highly commended" award at the National Rail Awards 2014 as Small station of the year.
Stationmasters
J. Withers, c. 1849–1850, former station master at Syston, afterwards at Grantham
John Willis, 1850–1862
George William Earp, 1862–1864
W. Barker, 1864
W. Butterfield, from 1864
Robert Jeffrey, c. 1869–1873
T. B. Symonds, 1873–1878, former station master of Berkley Road station, Gloucester, absconded after suspension on 28 November 1878
Thomas Bedington, 1878–1908
Lawrence Palmer Briggs, 1908–1913, afterwards station master at Trent
James Sparling, 1913–1929, former station master at Rowsley
Frederick Charles Robinson, 1929–1940
Services
Melton Mowbray ha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Ball%20%28radio%20personality%29
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Jim Ball is an Australian radio personality, formerly broadcasting with the 2GB and 2UE networks in Sydney.
Biography
Ball's program typically consists of him discussing various issues (especially current events, politics and history) with callers. Ball is frank and does not shy away from politically incorrect topics. Like most radio announcers on the AM band in Sydney, Ball is politically conservative; he claims to represent traditional Australian values. According to Ball, the major threats to these values are a naive and uninformed view of Islam by many Australians (including the media), apathy and political correctness. Ball is also a staunch critic of multiculturalism and says that immigrants to Australia should be encouraged to integrate into mainstream Australia and accept "core Australian values".
Ball began on 2GB in 1999 and constantly won the ratings in the midnight to dawn shift. On 7 March 2008 Ball announced to his audience his resignation from 2GB and was replaced by David Oldfield. Ball took over 2UE's midnight to dawn program "New Day Australia" on 17 March, replacing Clive Robertson. On 12 March 2010, Ball unexpectedly resigned from 2UE and returned to 2GB on 12 April replacing Oldfield.
In 2004, Ball walked the Kokoda Track in Papua New Guinea.
In 2005, he was featured on ABC TV's Media Watch regarding comments he made about a fictional school.
In January 2011, Ball resigned from 2GB and MTR 1377.
Political career
In April 2016 Ball announced he would contest the seat of Mackellar at the 2016 federal election, on a conservative independent platform. Ball's announcement followed the Liberal Party's endorsement of Jason Falinski, a former activist for Australian republicanism and critic of the Howard government's policies on asylum seekers, describing them as "inhumane". Falinski defeated Bronwyn Bishop in the Liberal preselection contest.
References
External links
Jim Ball's website
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Radio personalities from Sydney
Former 2GB presenters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent%20architecture
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Agent architecture in computer science is a blueprint for software agents and intelligent control systems, depicting the arrangement of components. The architectures implemented by intelligent agents are referred to as cognitive architectures. The term agent is a conceptual idea, but not defined precisely. It consists of facts, set of goals and sometimes a plan library.
Types
Reactive architectures
Subsumption
Deliberative reasoning architectures
Procedural reasoning system (PRS)
Layered/hybrid architectures
3T
AuRA
Brahms
GAIuS
GRL
ICARUS
InteRRaP
TinyCog
TouringMachines
Cognitive architectures
ASMO
Soar
ACT-R
Brahms
LIDA
PreAct
Cougaar
PRODIGY
FORR
See also
Action selection
Cognitive architecture
Real-time Control System
References
Software architecture
Robot architectures
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Witches%27%20Voice
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The Witches' Voice (WitchVox) was an online information and networking resource for the Wiccan and Pagan community. It is a non-profit organization founded and run by Wren Walker and Fritz Jung in 1997. It won Peoples' Choice under Spirituality in the 2002 Webby Awards, and is considered one of the "most extensive" Pagan websites. The organization's website was retired on December 31, 2019.
Site features
The "Wren's Nest" news section of The Witches' Voice was used as a source for other Pagan publications. The site includes posts by businesses and individuals, semi-monthly essays submitted by users, columns by regular contributors, and a monthly selection of Pagan musicians and bands. Witchvox also includes Witches of the World, which facilitates networking among site members and groups.
Since 2000, The Witches’ Voice included a section called “Bardic Circle” which is “a gathering… to share stories, magic and music”. While this is traditionally done in a wooded area around a campfire, The Witches’ Voice invited NeoPagan musicians to share their music in downloadable mp3 files with Witches around the world. Some of the best musical artists and bands in NeoPagan circles participated over a ten-year period, including: Gaia Consort, Damh the Bard, SONA, Isaac Bonewits, Loke E Coyote. Beltana. sede, Magicfolk, Abigail Spinner McBride, Telling Point, The Reverend Rat, Cassandra Syndrome, Jhenah Telyndru, Lady Isadora, KIVA, Tribeworld Ensemble, Jay Atwood (who played didgeridoo for Wicked Tinkers and their album Banger for Breakfast), Tiffany Moon, Soren, Madd Mother Moose and Kari Tauring.
The Witches' Voice was the largest international Neopagan site, with thousands of personal notices from users seeking to network with each other.
Awards
The Witches' Voice received the People's Choice Webby Award for Spirituality in 2002 as a result of a write-in campaign. The site was one of only two People's Choice winners which had not been nominated for the award that year.
References
External links
The Witches' Voice archive from the Internet Archive
Defunct social networking services
Wicca
Internet properties established in 1997
Internet properties disestablished in 2019
American social networking websites
Modern pagan websites
1990s in modern paganism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha%20Tin%20to%20Central%20Link
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The Sha Tin to Central Link (abbreviated SCL; ) was an expansion project of the MTR public transport network in Hong Kong. It was divided into two sections and expanded the network’s heavy rail lines.
The first section, named "Tuen Ma line (Phase 1)”, runs from Tai Wai station in the New Territories to Hung Hom station in Kowloon. The Tai Wai–Hung Hom segment connected the Ma On Shan line and West Rail line, forming the new Tuen Ma line. Operation of the Tai Wai to Kai Tak section began on 14 February 2020. The opening of the section from Kai Tak to Hung Hom was delayed and opened on 27 June 2021.
In anticipation of the Tuen Ma line, the existing Kwun Tong line was extended from its previous terminus at Yau Ma Tei to Whampoa station. This extension includes the new Ho Man Tin station to provide interchange with the Tuen Ma line. The Kwun Tong line extension was opened on 23 October 2016. While it was done in conjunction with the Sha Tin to Central Link, it is not considered a direct component of the project.
The second section (Phase 2) extended the East Rail line from Hung Hom in Kowloon to Admiralty on Hong Kong Island via a newly constructed station at Exhibition Centre. It opened on 15 May 2022.
History
The proposed route of the Sha Tin to Central Link roughly follows the scheme of the original East Kowloon line, which was proposed in the late 1960s but was not constructed. The Shatin to Central Link was included as one of the Priority Railway Schemes in the Hong Kong government's Railway Development Strategy 2000.
On 25 June 2002, the government announced that the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) had won its bid against the MTR Corporation (MTRC) to build and operate the Shatin to Central Link. The route was originally planned to go from Tai Wai station to Central West station (proposed to be located under the Mid-Levels), as an extension of the then-under-construction KCR Ma On Shan Rail (now the Ma On Shan line).
The KCRC announced modifications to the proposal in 2005, with the East Kowloon portion of the line joining KCR Ma On Shan Rail at Tai Wai and KCR West Rail (now the West Rail line) at Hung Hom, with the cross-harbour portion joining KCR East Rail (now the East Rail line) at Hung Hom. Mong Kok Station (now Mong Kok East) would have been relocated, joining a new tunnel to a deeper Hung Hom station platform connecting to the cross-harbour section. Additionally, stations at Tsz Wan Shan and Whampoa Garden were removed from the proposal; the areas would instead have been served by people movers () from other stations. However, the KCRC's proposal had not yet been finalised.
At the same time, the MTRC submitted a new proposal to the government. According to the proposal, the Kwun Tong line would be extended from Yau Ma Tei station to Whampoa station (as the KCRC had decided to omit Whampoa Garden station from its proposal), and the route of the SCL would follow the KCRC's original proposal instead of the 2005 modified
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing%20Commander%3A%20Armada
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Wing Commander: Armada is a computer game set in the universe of Chris Roberts' Wing Commander franchise. Created by Origin Systems and distributed by Electronic Arts in 1994, Armada was the first official game of the Wing Commander series to feature multiplayer mode. This game was released shortly before Wing Commander III: Heart of the Tiger and features a new graphics engine, capable of rendering fully 3D ship models, which is more powerful than the sprite-based engine used in Wing Commander II: Vengeance of the Kilrathi.
Gameplay
Armada features single-player and multiplayer modes. In single player, the player fights the computer-controlled opponents in a number of different game types, whereas multiplayer mode allows two players to play the various game modes head-to-head or cooperatively.
Game modes
Battle
Available only in multiplayer mode, this game type consists of a head-to-head dogfight between two players. Each player chooses one of the fighters available from those of the Confed and Kilrathi inventory, then the fights begin. The player who destroys the opponent is the winner.
Gauntlet
This game type is very much like the "Gauntlet" feature from Wing Commander: Academy and is available both in single-player and multiplayer. Two players cooperatively fight computer-controlled ships. The player or players side with either the Terran Confederation or the Kilrathi Empire, then play through 15 levels, each consisting of three separate waves of enemy fighters; as the "Gauntlet" progresses, the enemy ships' strength, number and skill increase. The game ends when the player(s) beat the last wave, or a player's ship is destroyed (in multiplayer the game ends if either player is destroyed). Unlike Academy, where the player could choose which fighter to fly in the "Gauntlet", in Armada the player starts flying either the Arrow or the Dralthi light fighter, then moves to medium and heavy fighters as the game progresses.
One feature was not present in the retail version of Armada but could be enabled by installing a patch released by Origin on their website. The new feature provided each level with a code, enabling the player to restart the "Gauntlet" from the level corresponding to the code, without the requirement to play through all the previous waves.
Armada
This is the main game type featured in Armada, available both in single-player (player vs. computer) and multiplayer (player vs. player). Armada is a strategy driven game type taking place in a randomly generated sector of space which is depicted in the game's main screen: dots indicate star systems connected through one or more line representing the available space lanes for starships. The players choose a side (Confederation or Kilrathi) to play with and begin with their forces placed on the opposite sides of the sector.
Since both sides start with a carrier and a complement of two light fighters, players can build mines on the planets they visit to gather resources with which to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMRST
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Ballistic Missile Range Safety Technology (BMRST) is a mobile system designed and built by Honeywell International in Clearwater Florida, to monitor and provide space-vehicle position data during launches. The BMRST system consists of a control center van and two trailer-mounted tracking antennas. All data processing and range safety displays are housed in the control center; the antennas are designed to receive data from launched rockets and space vehicles and transmit the information back to the control center. From the control center, the Range Safety Officer will also be able to assist in destroying an off-course rocket or launch vehicle for safety reasons.
The tracking antennas combine the ability to receive an S-band telemetry data signal with the ability to transmit high-power UHF Command Destruct tones. Each of the antenna systems consists of a 5.4-meter reflector, elevation over azimuth pedestal, and a specialized telemetry tracking/UHF feed.
The system is currently operated by the Florida Air National Guard at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. The system is capable of being transported by land, sea and C-5 Galaxy, C-17 military cargo aircraft.
The BMRST system is similar in design to the Range Safety and Telemetry System (RSTS) being used at the Kodiak Launch Center in Alaska.
See also
BMRST Interior
BMRST Video
Safety at the Kodiak Launch Complex (RSTS)
External links and sources
Florida Air Guard Receives New Space-Launch Tracking System
Honeywell Range Safety
Honeywell To Provide Ballistic Missile Range Safety Technology System For The U.S. Air Force Rocket System Launch Program (October 2002)
Contract from Honeywell Space Systems for Ballistic Missile Range Safety System
Challenges in Acceptance/Licensing of a Mobile Ballistic Missile Range Safety Technology (BMRST) System (PDF File)
Notes and references
Telemetry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGI%3AIRC
|
CGI:IRC is a CGI program written in Perl that allows access to IRC via a web browser. It is designed to be flexible and has many uses such as an IRC gateway for an IRC network, a chat-room for a website or to access IRC when stuck behind a restrictive firewall.
CGI:IRC will work in most browsers, including text based browsers such as Links. To make full use of most of the available features, a newer version is essential; older browsers will work, but CGI:IRC will use a single windowed interface instead and the names list will not update as quickly.
Main features
With a modern browser (with JavaScript and DHTML enabled), CGI:IRC will present a tabbed interface similar to GUI IRC clients. Tab completion and keyboard shortcuts are available, for example ALT+window-number jumps to a particular window.
Some common IRC client features are unavailable, such as scripting, DCC chat, and file transfers, due to the webserver-based nature of CGI:IRC.
Use of CGI:IRC
CGI:IRC is used by many IRC networks to provide a way for users to chat on their network from within their web browser. When used in this way, most of the functions are disabled for security reasons, i.e. the user is unable to connect to a different server, sometimes the channels that the user may join are restricted. Due to the nature of CGI:IRC, users are unable to use DCC.
What was a seemingly inconsequential implementation of the IRC protocol is increasingly being seen as a means to evade bans in IRC chat rooms. Several IRC servers have, as a consequence, developed an intolerance for CGI connections. Compounding this development is the fact that there does not exist a means to effectively distinguish between a CGI connection and a real IRC connection.
Some IRC servers may display the true hostname of the connecting client, most will only show the hostname of the CGI:IRC proxy. However, this does not offer much in the way of privacy, since the IP address of the user is hex encoded and included in the ident and/or real name. A simple perl script to decode the IP is included with CGI:IRC. Depending on how CGI:IRC is configured, it may also return the users true IP address (in addition to the HTTP headers) in response to a CTCP USERINFO request.
Abuse of CGI:IRC
Just like other open proxies, open installations of CGI:IRC, which do not restrict the server used, can also be abused. Usually CGI:IRC is abused to create many clones, which are used to flood an IRC network or a particular user. In response, many networks have started to ban CGI:IRC clients except those which originate from their own CGI:IRC proxy (if they have one).
Server side
CGI:IRC runs on a webserver such as Apache configured to run Perl, and uses Unix domain sockets. It uses a special HTTP streaming connection while communicating with the user's web browser; this reduces network usage because the user's webpage is not continually being redrawn. Early versions of some web browsers such as Apple Safari had problems wit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorraine%20%28band%29
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Blackroom, formerly known as Lorraine, are a three-piece band from Bergen, Norway, consisting of Ole Gunnar Gundersen (vocals), Anders Winsents (guitar) and Paal Myran Haaland (keyboards, programming).
History
They signed to the major record label RCA Records in 2007 after parting ways with Columbia Records. The band cite their influences as Depeche Mode, a-ha, Pet Shop Boys and New Order.
In the summer of 2000, the band decided not to return to school. Paal's bedroom was traded for a workspace outside Bergen, in a decaying factory building. The units surrounding Lorraine's studio were filled with either crackheads or car mechanics. Without heating, the studio became cold, resulting in floppy discs freezing into the band's sampler. The band remained there for twelve months. The trio would record a rock song one day, a pop song the next, then a trip-hop track the day after that. Some days they would start with a lyric, others with a bassline, or a keyboard riff.
Their first releases were two 7" singles "Twenty Years Under Water" and "Lovesongs for an Ugly Girl" with a remix of Twenty Years Under Water made by Paal as a b-side. The song "Twenty Years Under Water" was put on a compilation "This is Norway". After this, in 2003, the band released their first CD - Lorraine EP featuring the new song "Echoes". These were the first Lorraine's steps.
In the same year, they were able to release their debut album. They reworked songs "Twenty Years Under Water" & "Sold Out" for the album, so their sound "grew up" and became more professional. Lorraine has been described as an electronic rock roll band. Their music is filled with plenty of references to the modern rock and electronica scene. In Norway the press have been throwing superlatives at Lorraine's first album. The Perfect Cure is produced by Bjarte Ludvigsen and is mixed by Nille Perned (The Wannadies, Bob Hund and Kent). This album was inspired by such bands as Placebo, The Cure, The Smiths, Joy Division, Prodigy and others.
Lorraine has already toured in Europe; in 2003 they have done 100 concerts in countries like France, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Norway. In 2006, the band had a top-thirty hit in the UK with "I Feel It". They went on to tour with Pet Shop Boys.
In 2007, their song "Heaven" (EP version) was on the soundtrack of the Hollywood movie I Could Never Be Your Woman, with Michelle Pfeiffer.
In late 2008/early 2009, Lorraine changed their name to Blackroom. Blackroom was chosen because their rehearsal studio where their equipment was housed in Bergen, Norway was destroyed in a fire and they had to buy replacement equipment.
In May 2009, the band released their album Pop Noir, featuring new tracks "A Million Colors" and "Imagine This".
After releasing the album Lighthouse and a few singles from it, the band took a music pause. Ole started a new project called Subshine. Anders playing guitar for "Bloody Beach" and Paal recently made some music via his project Souldr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Basketball%20Association%20on%20television
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National Basketball Association (NBA) games are televised nationally in the United States, as well as on multiple local channels and regional sports networks. Since the 2002–03 season, broadcast channel ABC, and pay TV networks ESPN and TNT have nationally televised games. Throughout most of the regular season, ESPN shows doubleheaders on Wednesday and Friday nights, while TNT shows doubleheaders on Tuesday and Thursday nights. In the second half of the season, ABC shows a single game on Saturday nights and Sunday afternoons. Games are shown almost every night on NBA TV. There are some exceptions to this schedule, including Tip-off Week, Christmas Day, and Martin Luther King Jr. Day. More games may be shown as the end of the regular season approaches, particularly games with playoff significance. During the playoffs, the first round are split between TNT, ESPN, NBA TV, and ABC on mostly weekends the second round are split between ESPN, TNT and ABC on weekends. The conference finals are split between ESPN/ABC and TNT; the two networks alternate which complete series they will carry from year to year. The entire NBA Finals is shown nationally on ABC. The NBA Finals is one of the few sporting events to be shown on a national broadcast network on a weeknight.
Games not televised by its national partners are instead broadcast by local broadcast stations and regional sports networks, televising their respective local team within their respective region. A number of nationally televised games are also non-exclusive, meaning that the national telecasts may also air in tandem with those of the game by local broadcasters.
With the Toronto Raptors being the only NBA team in Canada, TV rights differ in that country. Games exclusively televised south of the border by ABC, ESPN, TNT, and NBA TV may be simulcast by a Canadian network, but all contests involving the Raptors are non-exclusive north of the border.
In addition to the English-language television broadcasts, select NBA games also have Spanish-language broadcasts since 2002.
History
As one of the major sports leagues in North America, the National Basketball Association has a long history of partnership with television networks in the US. The league signed a contract with DuMont in its 8th season (1953–54), marking the first year the NBA had a national television broadcaster. Similar to NFL, the lack of television stations led to NBC taking over the rights beginning the very next season until April 7, 1962—NBC's first tenure with the NBA. After the deal expired, Sports Network Incorporated (later known as the Hughes Television Network) signed up for two-year coverage in the 1962–63, 1963–64 season.
ABC gained the NBA in 1964, the network aired its first NBA game on January 3, 1965, but lost the broadcast rights to CBS after the 1972–73 season with the initial tenure ending on May 10, 1973. Up until the 1970-71 season, ABC often aired NBA games as segments of its popular ABC's Wide World of S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20HBO%20original%20programming
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This is a listing of programs that HBO has commissioned or co-commissioned in its history.
Current programming
Drama
Comedy
Anthology
Co-productions
Unscripted
Docuseries
Reality
Variety
Upcoming programming
Drama
Comedy
Miniseries
Unscripted
Docuseries
In development
Drama
10,000 Ships
9 Voyages
The Big D
Blood Sugar
Empty Mansions
Fledgling
Gang's All Queer
The Hater
Hellraiser
Invisible Life
The Last One Left
Luster
The Nigerwife
Ohio
Queens
Roadmarks
Scanners
The Shards
Sphere
The Stationery Shop
Untitled Ivanka Trump series
Untitled Michael Imperioli series
Who Fears Death
Comedy
Blood Sugar
Disengagement
The Every
If You Lived with Me You'd Be Home by Now
Lucky
Nice White Parents
One for the Road
Pride
Sugar
Tre Cnt
Untitled Chris Kelly/Sarah Schneider project
Untitled Prentice Penny/Janine Nabers project
Untitled Ricky Velez project
Miniseries
Big Swiss
Cutblock
Doomsday Machine
Everyone in My Family Has Killed Someone
The Fact of a Body
A Fine Balance
King Rex
Londongrad
My Dentist's Murder Trial
Mob Queens
Napoleon
Parasite
The Perfect Nanny
Rise and Kill First
Say Their Names
Serial
Sula
A Time for Mercy
Trust
Untitled Charles Randolph COVID-19 vaccine series
Untitled Jack Johnson series
Untitled SpaceX project
Valentine
The Vanishing Half
Former programming
The following is a list of HBO shows that have appeared on the channel in the past. Some of these shows may still be available on demand to HBO subscribers.
Drama
Comedy
Miniseries
Anthology
Animation
Adult animation
Kids & family
Unscripted
Docuseries
Reality
Variety
Sports
Notes
References
Programming
Programming
HBO
HBO
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20Collections%20Network
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The Plant Collections Network (PCN) (formerly the North American Plant Collections Consortium) is a group of North American botanical gardens and arboreta that coordinates a continent-wide approach to plant germplasm preservation, and promotes excellence in plant collections management. The program is administered by the American Public Gardens Association from its headquarters in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, in collaboration with the USDA Agricultural Research Service.
Current objectives of the Plant Collections Network are to:
Build Awareness – of both Plant Collections Network & value of documented plant collections
Promote Standards of Excellence – in plant collections management; and
Expand Diversity of Collections – target existing collections, identify gaps for future collections
The network is intended to represent woody and herbaceous ornamentals, both native and exotic. The main objective for each network member is to assemble a comprehensive group of plants for a particular taxon, collecting plants from different populations throughout their natural range that are both taxonomically and genetically distinct.
Participating institutions maximize the potential value of their collections by making efficient use of available resources through a coordinated continent-wide approach, and strengthening their own collections through collaboration with others.
Criteria for participation in the Plant Collections Network are:
American Public Gardens Association membership
Active collections management program including plant records database, accession labels, maps
Long-term commitment to maintain collection
Endorsement of governing body
Current collection has 50% or more of ultimate collection scope
Collections policy
Curator for collection; and
Access to collection for research, evaluation and plant introduction
The accreditation process includes submitting a written application for each collection to be considered, then a peer site reviewer conducts an onsite assessment and submits a report with recommendations.
As of March 2016, Network participants and Nationally Accredited Plant Collections included:
Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum
Agavaceae – Sonoran Desert; 65 taxa
Arboretum at Arizona State University
Phoenix; 300 taxa, 40 varieties
Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University
Acer; multi-site
Carya; 16 taxa, 11 spp
Fagus; 26 taxa
Stewartia; 11 taxa
Syringa; 238 taxa, 20 spp
Tsuga; 72 taxa, 7 spp
Atlanta Botanical Garden
Acer; 82 taxa
Magnolia; multi-site
Sarracenia; 78 taxa
Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory and Arboretum
Acer; multi-site
Hamamelis; 161 taxa
Magnolia; multi-site
Quercus; multi-site
Ulmus; 62 taxa
Betty Ford Alpine Gardens
Alpine Plants of Colorado; 87 taxa
Boyce Thompson Arboretum
Fabaceae – Desert Legumes; 1454 taxa as seeds, 206 taxa as plants
Quercus; multi-site
University of British Columbia Botanical Garden
Acer; multi-site
Magnolia; multi-site
University of California Botanic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Silverton
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Michael Silverton is an American computer scientist.
Biography
Silverton built the first all-optical Ethernet in the first mile networks in Palo Alto, California in 1999 to 2000, as the result of research and work that first began in 1991 in Phoenix, Arizona.
Fiberhood Networks, Inc, a Silicon Valley company championed by Silverton, and co-founded Sinuhe Hardegree and Jonathan Usuka, along with Christopher Lein, Chris Minchberg, Keith Cooley, and Joe Villareal, failed financially, but the engineering success and ensuing industry enthusiasm from the likes of Pirelli, Corning, France Telecom, Telstra, SBC Communications, and industry standards groups like the IEEE, all validated a proof of concept for this first field-operational implementation of its kind.
The Information superhighway term was used in the National Information Infrastructure effort of the 1990s.
Silverton's 1997 Stanford University thesis described an "Information Superdriveway", extending early analogies of "internet as roadway" connecting consumers to the information city streets and global superhighways.
The company existed from about 1998 through 2001.
It partnered with PAIX, an early Palo Alto Internet exchange.
In 1999 Silverton became founding director of the Open Access Alliance of the Bay Area, a group advocating for independent Internet service providers.
In 2001 the company still planned to expand.
Silverton presented his experience to the Ethernet in the first mile (EFM) study group in March 2001.
After several years of industry collaboration, the standard was published in June 2004.
In 2004 he was interviewed as an early adopter of voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology.
References
External links
People from Palo Alto, California
Stanford University alumni
American computer businesspeople
Internet pioneers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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