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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolas%20Cassadine
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Nikolas Cassadine is a fictional character from General Hospital, an American soap opera on the ABC network. Originated by actor Tyler Christopher in 1996, he left the show on July 14, 1999. Due to Nikolas' importance on the soap, he was immediately replaced by Coltin Scott on July 20, 1999. Scott left the role on April 16, 2003, as Christopher made his return on April 21, 2003. Chris Beetem temporarily played the role in 2005. Christopher vacated the role on July 28, 2011, after he was let go from the series. Christopher once again reprised the role on a recurring basis in honor of the soaps' fiftieth anniversary; he was later upgraded to a series regular. Actor Nick Stabile took claim of the role in June 2016 in Christopher's absence. In 2019, Marcus Coloma was cast in the role as a series regular, with Adam Huss temporarily stepping in 2021–2023. Coloma departed in January 2023. In August 2023, Huss returned to the role.
Created by head-writers Robert Guza, Jr. and Karen Harris and introduced by executive producer Wendy Riche in 1996 as the illegitimate son of Laura Spencer, the character was immediately popular with audiences. Hailed by Soap Opera Digest as the "Best New Male Character" in 1996, Nikolas's arrival immediately implodes the happy life of supercouple Luke and Laura.
Casting
The role was originated by daytime newcomer, Tyler Christopher then known as Tyler Baker on July 15, 1996. Christopher tried to audition for the role of Stone Cates in 1993 but was turned away. In April 1996, Christopher was one of several actors to audition for casting director Mark Teschner. Christopher hired an acting coach to prepare him for the audition and worked regularly with General Hospital's onset acting coach, John Homa. In June 1996, Christopher received a call back to read for executive producer Wendy Riche and was later brought back to screen test with several actors, including Stephen Nichols, who would play Stefan. Christopher was hired two days later, signed a three-year contract, and filmed his first scenes in late June 1996. In May 1999, rumors circulated that Christopher would not renew his contract which was set to expire in June. The series had also put out a casting call for an actor similar to Christopher which meant he could potentially be replaced. By the time of Christopher's departure, Nikolas had become integral to the series, a recast was very much needed, and Christopher was immediately replaced by Coltin Scott. Of his casting, Scott said that viewers didn't have any warning. "Tyler was there Monday, and I came in on Tuesday" he said. Though inexperienced, Scott was immediately put to the test opposite Nichols, Geary, and Francis so he got "very comfortable very quickly." After a year without finding work, Scott's mother wanted him to come home. And he promised her he would if he didn't get a job in six months. Scott booked the role of Nikolas six months to the day of his promise to his mother. In late March 2003, Scott would
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHNE-LD
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WHNE-LD (channel 3) is a low-power television station in Detroit, Michigan, United States, affiliated with TheGrio TV. Owned and operated by Bridge Media Networks, the station has studios and transmitter located in Oak Park, Michigan.
History
Early history
The station was originally owned by P&P Cable Holdings as W52CU and was licensed to Pinconning. P&P sold many of its stations and construction permits to NTN Saginaw, W52CU was one of these. W52CU never signed on in Pinconning.
In late 2005, Tait Broadcasting acquired W52CU and relocated the station to Flint, where it signed on as WHNE-LP on channel 32.
The WHNE calls were originally used on radio in the Detroit area; first from 1973 to 1978 on what is now WCSX (94.7 FM).
Until May 2006, WHNE was affiliated with Urban America Television; WHNE switched to America One after UATV suspended operations.
Tower relocation to Holly, digital operations
In 2010, the station relocated to a digital signal on channel 26, as WHNE-LD, now located at its new tower location. The directional antenna was designed to protect low-power WLPC-LP operating on channel 26 in Detroit. WLPC-LP had a construction permit to move to digital channel 40. After receiving the construction permit for its new tower site on channel 26, the station applied for additional power, which was granted after approval from the FCC and its Canadian counterpart, the CRTC.
On December 28, 2011, the station returned to the air, broadcasting from a transmitter tower near Holly at the East Holly Road and Interstate 75 (Exit 98) interchange, on UHF 26, and with a PSIP of 26.1 along with four sub channels. The transmitter had a directional antenna pattern mainly to the northwest towards Flint and the southeast towards Pontiac, with its reception area covering both cities.
Move to Detroit
Coincidentally, shortly after the station was nearly ready to transmit with increased power, the CRTC switched CHWI-DT-60 in Windsor, Ontario to channel 26. This left WHNE no other choice but to apply for a different channel to avoid any co-channel interference with CHWI.
The only channel found to use was UHF 20, which was previously occupied by the analog signal of WMYD in Detroit, which switched to digital on UHF channel 21. So WHNE filed an application to relocate its transmitter to WMYD's tower in Oak Park and to broadcast on channel 20, focusing on the Metro Detroit area, changing its city of license to Detroit. On March 27, 2012, the station was granted a construction permit to move to UHF channel 20 in Oak Park at 15 kW. In order to avoid a potential PSIP/virtual channel conflict with CHWI-DT-60, the station applied to the FCC to use 14 for its virtual channel, on April 30, 2014.
On September 21, 2014, the station returned to the air for testing at its new Oak Park facility, transmitting signal which covered much of the Metro Detroit area and nearby portions of Windsor and Essex County.
From September 21, 2014 until sometime in 2015, WHNE-LD wa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrawsCambria
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TrawsCambria was a network of medium and long-distance express bus routes in Wales sponsored by the Welsh Government.
Since 2012 services have been provided by the updated TrawsCymru network.
History
Coach Network
TrawsCambria started in 1979 as the branded experimental coach service route 700 Cardiff to Bangor via Brecon, Builth Wells, Llandrindod Wells, Newtown, Machynlleth, Dolgellau, Porthmadog and Caernarfon. The initial trial summer service operated Fridays to Mondays only with one coach in each direction on the 230-mile route, with walk-on fares. By August duplicate and triplicate operations occurred which resulted in the Welsh Office approving the continuation of the service through the winter.
The following spring saw the 700 service run daily, joined by:
701: Cardiff to Rhyl via Swansea, Carmarthen, Lampeter, Aberystwyth, Machynlleth, Dolgellau, Betws y Coed, Blaenau Ffestiniog and Llandudno
702: Cardiff to Liverpool via Cwmbran, Builth Wells, Rhayader, Newtown, Wrexham and Chester
After three years the network continued to run without any subsidy although daily operation on the 700 and 702 routes was cut to Friday-Monday in winter. Later TrawsCambria 702 was withdrawn.
The TrawsCambria name and the original red and green logo was a registered service mark jointly owned by National Welsh Omnibus Services of Cardiff and Crosville Motor Services of Chester. Traws, pronounced to rhyme with 'house', is the Welsh equivalent for 'cross' as in cross-country. Therefore, TrawsCambria was roughly equivalent to 'cross-Cambria' or 'trans-Cambria' in English.
In the late 1980s TrawsCambria also crossed bridges and ran daily to the Isle of Anglesey in the north and Bristol in the south. Following privatisation of the National Bus Company subsidiaries, modifications and cut backs resulted. While profits could be made most of the year, November and February low patronage always resulted in knife edge annual performance.
In the 1990s Crosville continued to run the service jointly with Rhondda Transport, with the main route being the 701 uniquely linking all the Welsh universities: Glamorgan (in Pontypridd), Cardiff, Swansea, Lampeter, Aberystwyth and Bangor.
By 2000, Crosville had become part of Arriva North West & Wales and Rhondda Transport part of Stagecoach South Wales. As the network became one route TrawsCambria was then applied to the 701 coach route linking Holyhead and Bristol via Dolgellau, Aberystwyth, Carmarthen and Cardiff. This route was modified in the early 2000s, with the northern terminus changed to Llandudno and withdrawal of the Cardiff to Bristol extension.
Welsh Assembly Reshaping
Prior to and during 2005, the Welsh Assembly Government started to influence and recreate a renewed network, repositioning TrawsCambria in a new guise with shorter links with good frequencies, running with modern, high specification, low-floor buses. The first stage of this was the late 2004 withdrawal of the 701 north of Aberystwyth and creati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20computer%20magazines
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This is a list of magazines marketed primarily for computer and technology enthusiasts or users. The majority of these magazines cover general computer topics or several non-specific subject areas, however a few are also specialized to a certain area of computing and are listed separately.
General magazines
These publications appeal to a broad audience and usually include content about computer hardware and software and technology news. These magazines could also be called technology magazines because of the large amount of content about non-computer consumer electronics, such as digital audio player and mobile phones.
Bi-monthly
Component Developer Magazine (CODE)
Monthly
APC (Australia)
Computer Shopper (UK)
Computer Shopper (US)
Digit (India)
PC/Computing
PC Magazine
PC Pro
PC World
PC Quest (India)
Pixel Addict (UK)
Wired (US)
iX (magazine) (Germany)
Fortnightly
c't (Germany, Netherlands)
Computeractive (United Kingdom)
Weekly
Computer Weekly (United Kingdom)
Computerra (Russia)
Computing (United Kingdom)
Micro Mart (United Kingdom)
Online-only
Datamation, previously in print 1957–1998, the first computer magazine. (United States)
Topic-specific magazines
These publications are marketed towards people who are interested in a specific topic of computing.
Amiga
Amiga Action (United Kingdom) (discontinued)
Amiga Active (United Kingdom) (discontinued)
Amiga Addict (United Kingdom)
Amiga Computing (United Kingdom, United States) (discontinued)
Amiga Format (United Kingdom) (discontinued)
Amiga Power (United Kingdom) (discontinued)
Macintosh
Call-A.P.P.L.E. (United States)
MacTech (United States)
MacFormat (United Kingdom)
MacLife (Germany)
MacLife, formally MacAddict (United States)
MacUser (United Kingdom)
Macworld (Australia, United States, Italy, Germany, Sweden, Spain, United Kingdom)
RISC OS/Acorn
Acorn User (United Kingdom) (discontinued)
Archive (United Kingdom)
The Micro User (United Kingdom) (discontinued)
Qercus (United Kingdom)
Web development
.net (United Kingdom)
Computer modification
Custom PC (United Kingdom)
Maximum PC (United States)
PC Extreme (United Kingdom) (discontinued)
Gaming
Internet
First Monday (Internet) (peer reviewed)
Internet Magazine (United Kingdom) (discontinued)
Spider (Pakistan) (discontinued)
Webuser (United Kingdom) (discontinued)
Business
eWeek (United States)
InformationWeek (United States)
InfoWorld (United States)
Music
Computer Music (United Kingdom)
Mobile computing
PC Today (United States)
Novice users
First Glimpse (United States)
1980s computers
The following magazines cover 1980s home computers such as the Amiga, Atari 8-bit, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum or Amstrad CPC. Most of these magazines are now discontinued as the computers they discuss are now out of production.
Partworks
The following magazines were published as partworks:
The Home Computer Advanced Course (United Kingdom) (1984–1985)
The Home Computer Course (United Kingdom) (1983–1984)
PC Ace (United Kin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTCV
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WTCV (channel 18) is a television station in San Juan, Puerto Rico, serving as the U.S. territory's outlet for the Spanish-language network Mega TV. Owned and operated by Spanish Broadcasting System, it is sister to radio stations WZNT (93.7 FM), WZMT (93.3 FM), WODA (94.7 FM), WNOD (94.1 FM), W276AI (103.1 FM), WRXD (96.5 FM), WNVI (1040 AM), W233CW (94.5 FM), W238CR (95.5 FM), WIOB (97.5 FM), WMEG (106.9 FM) and WEGM (95.1 FM). WTCV shares studios with independent station WJPX (channel 24, owned by América-CV Station Group) at the Amelia Industrial Park in Guaynabo; the two stations share transmitter facilities at Barrio Cubuy in Canovanas.
WTCV operates two satellite stations: WVEO (channel 17) in Aguadilla, with transmitter on Cerro Canto Gallo in Aguada, and WVOZ-TV (channel 36) in Ponce, with transmitter on Sec Servo Paso in Peñuelas.
History
During the 1980s and early 1990s, WTCV was known as WSJU (for San Juan) and was an NBC affiliate, one of three commercial English-language network affiliates broadcasting in Puerto Rico (the others being WPRV-TV and WUJA) during the 80s. Around 1990, the station also carried the Home Shopping Network programming during most of the late-morning and afternoon hours. There are now four commercial English-language network affiliates in Puerto Rico, all of which broadcast from San Juan and Mayagüez.
On September 11, 2014, WTCV became a Mega TV owned-and-operated station, following the sale of Spanish Broadcasting System through its License Management Agreement for $1.9 million, leaving its status as an Independent station, while its former owner, International Broadcasting Corporation continues to be its Licensee, until SBS will transfer WIOA (99.9 FM), WIOC (105.1 FM) and WZET (92.1 FM) to IBC's TV operations. Beginning in March 2015, WTCV's local programming will be produced by SBS Puerto Rico, which owns Z-93, La Nueva 94, Estereotempo and La Mega. The sale of WTCV with SBS was completed on September 1, 2015.
On January 12, 2018, WTCV announced that Conectao's por la Cocina, ¿Y Cual es su Opinion? and Descarao por la Noche had been canceled due to economic loss, as well as expiring contracts with local talent and production staff.
On September 24, 2019, WTCV and its satellite stations switched their virtual channel to 18.1 across all Puerto Rico.
Notable current on-air staff
Antonio Sanchez "El Gangster" – El Circo
Braulio Castillo – co-host of La Movida
Jaime Bayly – Bayly
Pedro Sevcec – Sevcec
Alberto Cutié - Hablando Claro Con El Padre Alberto
Technical information
Subchannels
On February 17, 2009, WTCV signed off its analog signal and completed its move to digital.
Spectrum reallocation
On August 7, 2017, it was revealed that WTCV's over-the-air spectrum had been sold in the FCC's spectrum reallocation auction, fetching $4,737,874. WTCV would not sign off, but it would later share broadcast spectrum with WJPX, affiliated with América TeVé in Puerto Rico that covers the entire metropoli
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polling%20%28computer%20science%29
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Polling, or interrogation, refers to actively sampling the status of an external device by a client program as a synchronous activity. Polling is most often used in terms of input/output (), and is also referred to as polled or software-driven . A good example of hardware implementation is a watchdog timer.
Description
Polling is the process where the computer or controlling device waits for an external device to check for its readiness or state, often with low-level hardware. For example, when a printer is connected via a parallel port, the computer waits until the printer has received the next character. These processes can be as minute as only reading one bit. This is sometimes used synonymously with 'busy-wait' polling. In this situation, when an operation is required, the computer does nothing other than check the status of the device until it is ready, at which point the device is accessed. In other words, the computer waits until the device is ready. Polling also refers to the situation where a device is repeatedly checked for readiness, and if it is not, the computer returns to a different task. Although not as wasteful of CPU cycles as busy waiting, this is generally not as efficient as the alternative to polling, interrupt-driven .
In a simple single-purpose system, even busy-wait is perfectly appropriate if no action is possible until the access, but more often than not this was traditionally a consequence of simple hardware or non-multitasking operating systems.
Polling is often intimately involved with very low-level hardware. For example, polling a parallel printer port to check whether it is ready for another character involves examining as little as one bit of a byte. That bit represents, at the time of reading, whether a single wire in the printer cable is at low or high voltage. The instruction that reads this byte directly transfers the voltage state of eight real world wires to the eight circuits (flip flops) that make up one byte of a CPU register.
Polling has the disadvantage that if there are too many devices to check, the time required to poll them can exceed the time available to service the I/O device.
Algorithm
Polling can be described in the following steps:
Host actions:
The host repeatedly reads the busy bit of the controller until it becomes clear (with a value of 0).
When clear, the host writes the command into the command register. If the host is sending output, it sets the write bit and writes a byte into the data-out register. If the host is receiving input, it reads the controller-written data from the data-in register, and sets the read bit to 0 as the next command.
The host sets the command-ready bit to 1.
Controller actions:
When the controller notices that the command-ready bit is set, it sets the busy bit to 1.
The controller reads the command register. If the write bit inside is set, it reads from the data-out register and performs the necessary operations on the device. If the read bit is se
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WEFM%20%28FM%29
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WEFM (95.9 MHz) is an FM radio station in Michigan City, Indiana, east of the Chicago metropolitan area. It is a member of the Indianapolis Colts affiliates radio network, and the flagship station of the Gary SouthShore RailCats.
References
External links
Official Facebook page
EFM
Michigan City, Indiana
Mainstream adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
Easy listening radio stations
Jazz radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1966
1966 establishments in Indiana
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/96WEFM
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96WEFM is an FM radio station broadcasting on 96.1 MHz in the country of Trinidad and Tobago. The commercial radio station is privately owned by Trinidad and Tobago Radio Network Limited and began broadcasting on December 16, 1993.
The radio station's format is based on Urban Caribbean (soca, dancehall), R&B and hip-hop music, and seeks an audience bases of youth and teenagers.
DJ groups from WEFM have revolutionized the art of DJing in the country, with present and former DJs such as Rodney King, Ishmael, Dawg E. Slaughter & X-Caliber, Hoppy (Hypa-Hoppa) of RadioActive, Shal Marshall & Barry Perryman (Jugglers Sound), Akil and associate degree, Tweez, Arelon the ArtMan, Trevlyn and Umba D' Sheppard.
Additionally, morning show hosts Paul Richards and Nicky Crosby and Rachel Price and Tweez - The price is right are renowned for their quick wit, sense of humor and their level of fairness towards all issues. One of the nations highest-rated radio time slots belongs to Stephenson "Shal" Marshall.
News
The radio station provides news, through Newsfeed bulletins throughout the weekday. Along with STAR 947 and 107.7 FM Music For Life, short news summaries are provided roughly hourly on the half-hour during the daytime hours.
See also
Radio in Trinidad and Tobago
Slam 100.5
External links
WEFM's Website
Radio stations in Trinidad and Tobago
Reggae, soca and calypso radio stations
Radio stations established in 1993
1993 establishments in Trinidad and Tobago
Music organisations based in Trinidad and Tobago
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junkers%20Come%20Here
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is a series of novels about Junkers (pronounced Yoon-kers), a miniature schnauzer, language-speaking dog, written by Japanese musician Naoto Kine as a member of TM Network since 1990.
Media
Anime
An anime movie about a girl, Hiromi Nozawa, directed by Junichi Sato of Sailor Moon fame and shown in small chunks on Japanese TV before being released theatrically. The original author, kine also performed the film's opening song and acted in the film as Shintaro, Hiromi's father. The late Kazuo Komatsubara also worked on the film as a character designer and animation director. It won Best Animation Film at the 1995 Mainichi Film Awards.
Hiromi appears on the outside to be a mature, resilient girl, but on the inside she feels like she's falling apart. She hardly sees her parents at all, as they are always busy with work. Then she learns that her parents are considering a divorce and she may have to make the heartrending choice of deciding which parent to live with. On top of that, Hiromi's tutor, Keisuke (on whom Hiromi has a crush), is getting married, and Hiromi fears that she soon will be completely alone. She finds herself comforted by Junkers, an unusual dog with the ability to speak and grant her three wishes.
Cast
Japanese voice actor
Mei Oshitani as Hiromi Nozawa
Shinnosuke Furumoto as Junkers
Daisuke Sugata as Atsushi
Hiroko Takahashi as School Crossing Warden
Kappei Yamaguchi as Passenger
Katsunari Mineno as Keisuke Kimura
Keiko Nakajima as Fumie Morita
Mayumi Iizuka as Kazuko
Misako Konno as Suzuko Nozawa
Mitsuaki Madono as Waiter
Momoko Ishi as Chie Harada
Naoto Kine as Shintaro Nozawa
Sakiko Tamagawa as Yoko Inoue
Toshihiko Nakajima as Photographer
Yuki Sato as Baby
Yuta Yamazaki as Hiroshi
Yuya Tejima as Takashi
English dubbing actor
Brittney Wilson as Hiromi Nozawa
Sanders Whiting as Junkers
Brad Swaile as Keisuke Kimura
Chantal Strand as Kazuko
Danny McKinnon as Takashi
Ellen Kennedy as Fumie Morita
Farell Spence as School Crossing Warden
Jordan Kilik as Atsushi
Lisa Ann Beley as Suzuko Nozawa
Moneca Stori as Yoko Inoue
Reece Thompson as Hiroshi
Sean Campbell as Shintaro Nozawa
Sylvia Zaradic as Chie Hirada
Trevor Devall as Photographer
Music
Opening ThemeReal You, Another You, by Naoto Kine
Ending ThemeWinter Comes Around, by Akiko Hioki
References
External links
1994 anime films
1994 films
Anime with original screenplays
Bandai Entertainment anime titles
Drama anime and manga
Fictional dogs
1990s Japanese-language films
Japanese animated films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manager%20%28Mac%20OS%29
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A Manager was any of a set of specialized components of the classic Mac OS operating system, including those that comprised the Macintosh Toolbox. Each of these Managers was responsible for handling system calls from applications running on the Macintosh, and could be built into the ROM or be loaded into RAM by the system.
Many of these Managers and their functions have been ported to or re-implemented in the Carbon application frameworks. Some of the Managers included in various versions of the Mac OS include:
Code Fragment Manager (CFM)
Component Manager
Data Access Manager
Edition Manager; used by the ‘Publish and Subscribe’ feature
File Manager
Mixed-Mode Manager
Resource Manager
Scrap Manager
Sound Manager
Speech Manager
Window Manager
References
Macintosh operating systems development
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifesto%20Games
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Manifesto Games was an ecommerce retailer of downloadable computer games, specializing in independently developed games aimed at hardcore gamers.
It was founded in October 2005 by Greg Costikyan and Johnny L. Wilson, former editor of Computer Gaming World, and is based in New York City.
The company was announced September 29, 2005.
Costikyan was the company's CEO while Wilson was executive vice president for community and content. On June 23, 2009, Costikyan announced that Manifesto was closing its doors, citing the 2008-2009 economic downturn, a lack of venture capital, and problems successfully marketing the company as a destination for independent games.
According to Manifesto Games' manifesto,
the company aims to avoid the narrowness of conventional retail channels by selling a large number of games (taking advantage of The Long Tail), and allow developers to experiment technically and artistically. An example of Manifesto Games' willingness to take risks is its support of Super Columbine Massacre RPG!.
The Manifesto Games website was originally designed in ironic imitation of the Soviet Union in its early years; some of its content still reflects this choice.
Play This Thing
Initially, Manifesto Games also provided reviews of indie games, including games it does not sell, and discussion forums. In September 2007, Manifesto Games created a new game review website, Play This Thing.
A team of reviewers including Greg Costikyan and Emily Short posted one review per day at the website, covering independent, alternative reality and 'big urban' games, interactive fiction, and mods. Most of the games reviewed had no relation to Manifesto Games. The site carried reviews of non-computer games on "Tabletop Tuesdays". The site was shut down in 2014.
References
External links
ManifestoGames.com
Video game companies of the United States
Online-only retailers of video games
Video game companies established in 2005
Companies based in New York City
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20Pieszecki
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Alice Elisabeth Pieszecki is a fictional bisexual character on the Showtime television network series The L Word, and the sequel series L Word: Generation Q, shown nationally in the United States. She is played by American actress Leisha Hailey.
Alice lives in Los Angeles, California, and mostly hangs out in West Hollywood. During the first seasons, she is often seen with her best friends, Shane McCutcheon (Katherine Moennig) and Dana Fairbanks (Erin Daniels). Further into the show, she befriends Helena Peabody (Rachel Shelley), and has romantic relationships with various recurrent lead characters, most notably Dana Fairbanks (Erin Daniels) and Tasha Williams (Rose Rollins). She was listed in AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters.
Storylines
Backstory
Alice is a journalist for LA Magazine. Among her group of lesbian friends, she is the only self-proclaimed bisexual. Her bisexual mother Lenore is an actress, and the only one in the family who accepts Alice's sexuality. Alice is estranged from her two siblings, who disapprove of bisexuality, as well as her father, whom she simply describes as "distant".
Alice is obsessed with The Chart, a recompilation of all the relationships and one-night stands which she knows of, and how this network of affairs is linked to her. Alice strongly believes everyone is sleeping with everyone else, and her chart is the most valuable evidence supporting her theory.
The L Word
Alice briefly dates Lisa, a Lesbian identified man but realizes that her true feelings lie with Dana Fairbanks, with whom she is best friends. Dana is
currently engaged to Tanya. Shortly after Dana and Tanya announce their engagement, Alice visits Dana to tell her she can't marry Tanya and impulsively kisses her, and their true feelings for one another are revealed as Dana kisses her back. Dana eventually splits up with Tanya (made easier when Tanya casually admits she had been cheating on Dana, implying that Tanya was only interested in Dana for her fame). Though the two seem happy in their relationship, Dana's ex Lara comes back at the end of the second season, raising Alice's suspicions, particularly when Dana shows surprise at Alice's suggestion that they live together and refuses to say she loves her. Though Dana confides in Alice that she wants to visit Lara to talk and get closure on their past relationship, Alice's fears are realized when it is revealed in the third season that Dana's dinner with Lara was Lara's attempt to resume their relationship knowing that Alice is with Dana. As a result, Alice is subsequently left devastated to the point of stalking and obsessing over Dana despite her friends' attempts to get her to move on. Alice has a brief affair with a woman named Uta, whom Alice becomes convinced is a vampire, and is slowly able to overcome her heartbreak, but Dana is later diagnosed with terminal breast cancer, and in her depression she shuns Lara, telling her to leave and find someone else, and turns to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20M.%20Brady
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James M. Brady, known as Jim Brady, is an American journalist and a pioneer in digital journalism. He is known for various roles over the years as a Programming Director at AOL, Executive Editor of the washingtonpost.com, General Manager at the since defunct TBD.com, Editor-in-Chief of Digital First Media, and president of the Online News Association.
Currently he is the CEO of Spirited Media, a mobile-focused hyperlocal news firm. Their initial platform, known as Billy Penn (named after Pennsylvania founder William Penn) was launched in 2014.
Early life
Brady was born in Queens, New York City and grew up in Huntington, New York. He graduated from American University with a degree in journalism from the American University School of Communication in 1989.
Career
Brady began his career as a sportswriter at the Post in 1987 and then also served the newspaper in several other capacities such as a sports editor, and managing news editor. He also was the sports editor for the Washingtonpost.com website when it was launched in April 1995.
In November 2004 he became the Executive Editor of the washingtonpost.com, a position which he kept until he stood down in December 2008.
He has also worked for America Online, UPI, Newsday and NBC Sports.
References
External links
American male journalists
American online journalists
Living people
Digital First Media
The Washington Post journalists
Journalists from Queens, New York
American University School of Communication alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Computerized%20Execution%20System
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The Advanced Computerized Execution System (ACES) is a NASDAQ subscription service paid for by market makers that allows order-entry firms trading in Nasdaq Capital Market and Nasdaq global market stocks access to a market maker's internal trading system to route to them using the ACES "Pass-Through". The market maker then executes the order internally, and sends a confirmation and trade report back through ACES to the order entry firm.
ACES acts as an order-routing interface between a firm entering orders, of any security, and a market maker's order management system. ACES is a voluntary service for which market makers must register. Once officially registered, market makers can then authorize their order entry customers to send them an order flow. Securities are designed as specified for automatic execution.
ACES automatically sends the trade information to Automated Confirmation Transaction Service (ACT) for reporting.
Part of the evolution of ACES includes the elimination of the execution function in 1998 with the introduction of new order handling rules. These rules encouraged Nasdaq participants to manage their order file internally rather than on ACES. The choice to keep the 'E' in ACES was merely because the acronym was not complete without it.
References
Financial markets
Nasdaq
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolitan%20Railway
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The Cosmopolitan Railway was a proposed global railroad network advocated by William Gilpin, formerly the first territorial governor of Colorado (1861–62), in his 1890 treatise Cosmopolitan Railway: Compacting and Fusing Together All the World's Continents. Gilpin named his capital city of Denver as the "railroad centre of the West".
Components
Cosmopolitan Railway was one of the earliest documents envisioning a land route to Alaska, a vision that would first be realized (though not in the form of a railroad) in 1942, with the completion of the crude original version of the Alaska Highway. The document also proposed a bridge to Asia across the Bering Strait, a concept that has been dubbed the Intercontinental Peace Bridge, which would have been, and still would be, an enormously important link between the Eurasia-Africa and the Americas.
However, the formidable expense and difficulty of building such a bridge, and of building thousands of miles of new railroad through remote portions of Siberia, far northern North America, Africa, and other areas, have kept the plan as nothing more than a vision.
See also
Pan-American Highway
Trans-Asian Railway
Transcontinental railroad
Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links
Footnotes
References
Exploratory engineering
International rail transport
Proposed rail infrastructure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Early%20Bird%20Show
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The Early Bird Show was an Australian children's television show that aired on Network Ten in Australia from 26 January 1985 until 10 June 1989. The show was so popular that a magazine about it was published in 1989.
Format
Produced by Dixie Duncan and directed by Spencer Wilson, Ray McKenna and Bob Loxton, the Early Bird Show was hosted by Australian rock singer Darryl Cotton Marie Van Maaren and Marty The Monster. The Early Bird Show, an extremely popular family and children's variety show, was a live, five-hour production on air from 7am - 12pm every Saturday.
The show included many popular regulars including, Roy Hampson ( Good Morning Melbourne co-Host with Annette Allison) as the 'professor' Liane Scurrah-Jonas VFL/AFL injury prevention fitness trainer, Author, breakfast announcer& talkback radio, Pilates and Aerobics trainer) 'fun & fitness', Simon 'pancake breakfasts', Frits Maaten (Animal nature park owner) and his animals, Rosemary (Dance School owner and teacher) and her EBS dancers, Colin Beaumont, (entertainer & Musician) remote control car segment, Brad McLeod (The Computer Man), puppets Mr and Mrs Timms.
Many big names in music, TV, radio and sport appeared regularly to take a part of the fun and games.
In 1989, the show was shortened to two hours and renamed Club 10. This version lasted ten weeks before being replaced with Video Hits, a music video show.
The Early Bird Show was forward thinking Creation for families by Dixie Duncan which is still remembered with such enthusiasm today. It gave the chance for many children to express their talents or just be a part of a TV family. It was a platform where those who were regulars could support many charities. The Early Bird Show lives on in the memories of all those who either watched or was a part of it.
Incident
A 1987 episode featured Rags the Kangaroo beating up Marty the Monster. It garnered international attention outside of Australia.
Other versions
An earlier version of the show had aired from 1977 until 1980. Shown on weekday mornings, The Early Bird Show featured hosts Mike McCarthy and Marie Van Maaren. The show was replaced in 1981 by the long-running Good Morning Australia (breakfast TV). A similar, but unrelated, show named Early Birds was broadcast by SAS10 in Adelaide in the early 1970s. The show was hosted by Veronica Overton and Fat Cat. "Early Birds" was a mix of cartoons, competitions and music clips. During one telecast, Overton resigned on camera, saying "Goodbye children. Fat Cat will be back on Monday, but I won't". Occasional stand-in, DiDi James, took over the show for a short while and later Jane Reilly became host.
TVW 7 Perth (TVW Enterprises owned TVW 7 Perth and SAS 10 Adelaide in the 70s) also had a very popular Earlybirds show in the 1970s and 1980s from 7 to 9 am. It featured Fat Cat and another character Percy Penguin, plus puppets, Wilbur Worm, who had a sarcastic streak, in the early days, and Sunny Sandgroper, who always told appalli
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurotel
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Eurotel was the trade name of the first mobile phone network in Czechoslovakia. Given the possibility of a forthcoming of split of Czechoslovakia into two separate countries, Eurotel was formed as two separate legal entities: Eurotel Praha and Eurotel Bratislava.
Both Eurotel companies were founded in 1990 as joint ventures between SPT Telecom (51%) and the American joint venture company, Atlantic West, B.V. (49% split evenly between US WEST International, Inc. and Bell Atlantic International Inc. Each Eurotel company initially was assigned the rights to deploy packet data networks and mobile phone services using the NMT450 technology. The first calls on each network were made in 1991. The packet data network elements did not grow as rapidly as hoped for and was later ceded back to the 51% Czech and Slovak landline operators. The mobile business grew briskly and both Eurotel companies were later granted GSM licenses for both the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
The USWest interests were assigned first to MediaOne and later to AT&T. Ultimately, Český Telecom purchased the Eurotel Prague and Deutsche Telekom purchased Eurotel Bratislava. The Czech and Slovak businesses continued till the present as represented by O2 in the Czech Republic and Deutsche Telekom in Slovakia.
Both companies were initially financed by the first EBRD financing in either the Czech Republic or Slovakia. In March 2000, EuroTel Bratislava successfully closed a Euro 175 million high yield bond offering, and became one of the first companies in Central Europe to access the public capital markets. This financing was one of many sequential financings that funded extraordinarily rapid growth in a capital intensive industry.
In July 2000, Deutsche Telekom purchased 51% stake in Slovak Telecom. It was later rebranded to T-Mobile Slovakia in May 2005.
In 2005, Český Telecom was acquired by the Spanish company Telefónica.
On March 1, 2006 it was announced that Český Telecom and Eurotel would merge their operations into one company, Telefónica O2 Czech Republic, which was to take place in mid-2006.
References
See also
Slovak Telekom
Defunct mobile phone companies
Telecommunications companies of the Czech Republic
Telecommunications companies of Slovakia
2006 mergers and acquisitions
1991 establishments in Czechoslovakia
2006 disestablishments in the Czech Republic
Telecommunications companies established in 1991
Telecommunications companies disestablished in 2006
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilevel%20model
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Multilevel models (also known as hierarchical linear models, linear mixed-effect model, mixed models, nested data models, random coefficient, random-effects models, random parameter models, or split-plot designs) are statistical models of parameters that vary at more than one level. An example could be a model of student performance that contains measures for individual students as well as measures for classrooms within which the students are grouped. These models can be seen as generalizations of linear models (in particular, linear regression), although they can also extend to non-linear models. These models became much more popular after sufficient computing power and software became available.
Multilevel models are particularly appropriate for research designs where data for participants are organized at more than one level (i.e., nested data). The units of analysis are usually individuals (at a lower level) who are nested within contextual/aggregate units (at a higher level). While the lowest level of data in multilevel models is usually an individual, repeated measurements of individuals may also be examined. As such, multilevel models provide an alternative type of analysis for univariate or multivariate analysis of repeated measures. Individual differences in growth curves may be examined. Furthermore, multilevel models can be used as an alternative to ANCOVA, where scores on the dependent variable are adjusted for covariates (e.g. individual differences) before testing treatment differences. Multilevel models are able to analyze these experiments without the assumptions of homogeneity-of-regression slopes that is required by ANCOVA.
Multilevel models can be used on data with many levels, although 2-level models are the most common and the rest of this article deals only with these. The dependent variable must be examined at the lowest level of analysis.
Level 1 regression equation
When there is a single level 1 independent variable, the level 1 model is:
refers to the score on the dependent variable for an individual observation at Level 1 (subscript i refers to individual case, subscript j refers to the group).
refers to the Level 1 predictor.
refers to the intercept of the dependent variable for individual case i.
refers to the slope for individual case i for the relationship in group j (Level 2) between the Level 1 predictor and the dependent variable.
refers to the random errors of prediction for the Level 1 equation (it is also sometimes referred to as ).
At Level 1, both the intercepts and slopes in the groups can be either fixed (meaning that all groups have the same values, although in the real world this would be a rare occurrence), non-randomly varying (meaning that the intercepts and/or slopes are predictable from an independent variable at Level 2), or randomly varying (meaning that the intercepts and/or slopes are different in the different groups, and that each have their own overall mean and variance).
When the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Dickinson
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Rick Dickinson (c. 1957 – 24 April 2018) was a British industrial designer who developed pioneering computer designs in the 1980s. Notable examples of his design work include the ZX81 case and touch-sensitive keyboard and the ZX Spectrum's rubber keyboard.
Early life
Dickinson graduated from Newcastle Polytechnic in 1979 with a First Class Bachelor of Arts honours degree in Design for Industry. The "Design for Industry" degree was the first of its kind, formerly a three-year "Industrial Design" degree. The new course, with two additional terms for industrial placements, extended the degree to four years and popularised the term "sandwich course".
Sinclair
Dickinson joined Sir Clive Sinclair's Sinclair Research Ltd in December 1979, replacing John Pemberton who was leaving Sinclair to head up a new design centre for ITT in Harlow. Sinclair Research offices were at 6 Kings Parade, Cambridge.
Dickinson was the in-house industrial designer of Sinclair Research Ltd. He saw John Pemberton's design for the ZX80 case through to completion and designed a memory expansion. He went on to design the ZX81, including its touch-sensitive keyboard, a "clear step forward" in home computer design. In the rubber keyboard for the ZX Spectrum, he replaced the hundreds of components of a conventional keyboard with a design using "maybe four or five moving parts". Along with its colour display, engineered by Richard Altwasser, and commercialisation by Sir Clive Sinclair, the Spectrum popularised home computing, coding and gaming. Dickinson also designed the TV80 casing and Sinclair QL.
The ZX81 won a British Design Council award in 1981. It won a Haus Industrieform award and is in a permanent collection in Essen. The Sinclair QL won an Italian design award at the Smau Industrial Design Award.
Post-Sinclair
In 1986, he founded Dickinson Associates, an industrial design consultancy based in Cambridge. That year he produced the industrial design for an early laptop computer, the Cambridge Z88. In 1987 he was commissioned by Alan Sugar to create the industrial design concept for Amstrad's first portable computer.
In 1989, Dickinson, Christopher Curry (Acorn Computers), and Keith Dunning re-thought the MacArthur field microscope and Dickinson designed the Lensman microscope, a portable field microscope. In 1990–91 the Lensman microscope won the BBC design awards, The Prince Of Wales Award For Industrial Innovation And Production, and the Archimedes award for Engineering Excellence.
Dickinson met Apple founder Steve Jobs numerous times as they shared ideas for the MacBook in 1994.
He produced the industrial design concepts and models of the first "Broad Band phone" for AT&T. Dickinson Associates created the industrial design, mechanical design, and production engineering design for the first GSM mobile phone "reference phone" design, for Rockwell. Dickinson Associates were also the designers of the Gizmondo handheld console (originally the Gametrac).
In 2014, he pub
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloquartz
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Oscilloquartz, a company of ADVA Optical Networking, is a manufacturer of frequency sources, such as GPS& GLONASS receivers or caesium clocks for telecommunications applications and has been producing similar products for about 60 years. It also providers synchronization solutions for turnkey synchronization projects in e.g. PDH, SDH, SONET and all kind of mobile telecom networks e.g. GSM, X-CDMA, TETRA, 2.xG, 3G, 4G, UMTS, WiMAX.
It also offers a wide range of technology, including its proprietary SyncView management software and including, as SyncView agents or embedded solutions, Q3, SNMP, TL1 interfaces.
It also manufactures a range of products including single oven and double oven oscillators, targeted at the synchronisation of mobile base stations and other telecommunication equipment.
The company headquarters is in Saint-Blaise, Switzerland.
History
Oscilloquartz began its operations as a department of Ebauches SA in 1949, during the pioneering days of time and frequency measurement.
In 1950, Oscilloquartz equipped the Observatory of Neuchâtel where the first quartz clocks were installed. Further quartz clocks were delivered to the Observatory of Paris in 1955.
In 1958, Oscilloquartz began their activity in atomic frequency standards. An ammoniac maser designed by the LSRH, was built and shown at the Universal Exhibition of Brussels. Subsequently a hydrogen maser was developed and, until 1988, nine units were manufactured and delivered to several observatories and institutes worldwide.
In 1962, it developed of a complete redundant frequency generating system for Swisscom (formerly named Swiss PTT) of which more than 50 were delivered in the 1960s and 1970s.
In 1964, it focussed on the field of caesium frequency standards and in 1966 delivered its first commercial atomic clock to the ESRO, the predecessor of the European Space Agency (ESA).
In 1967, The Swiss atomic clock "OSCILLATOM" was shown at Expo 67, Montreal. During that same year, transport and transfer of precise time was carried out in the United States, Canada, Far East and South America.
In 1971, Oscilloquartz SA was officially registered as a corporation.
In 1978, Swisscom (formerly Swiss PTT) commissioned Oscilloquartz to supply a new generation of plesiochronous and synchronous equipment for hierarchy levels I and II of their digital communications network. Over thirty similar synchronization systems were subsequently installed worldwide.
In 1988, In a joint venture with SERCEL, France, Oscilloquartz developed the new European Digital Caesium Standard, EUDICS, with fully digital control loops and remote capabilities via RS-232 interface.
In 2014, ADVA Optical Networking acquired Oscilloquartz SA from the Swatch Group.
References
Manufacturing companies of Switzerland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MK14
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The MK14 (Microcomputer Kit 14) was a computer kit sold by Science of Cambridge of the United Kingdom, first introduced in 1977 for £39.95. The price was very low for a complete computer system at the time, and Science of Cambridge eventually sold over fifteen thousand kits.
History
Design
From 1974, Ian Williamson was working at the engineering firm Cambridge Consultants Ltd (CCL) where he repeatedly tried to interest the firm in producing microprocessor-based arcade games. With no success there, he began to consider designing a small computer kit for the growing number of engineers interested in microprocessors. He decided it would have to cost around £50-£60. In 1976, Bywood Electronics released the SCRUMPI kit at £56, based on the National Semiconductor SC/MP. The but SCRUMPI lacked a keyboard or display, it instead included circuitry to connect it to a computer terminal, which were very expensive.
Williamson decided to design his own version to address these issues. National had an evaluation system known as the IntroKit that included the SC/MP processor, 256 bytes or RAM, and several support chips. Among these was a system that interfaced the board to the KBDKit, a handheld electronic calculator that was used as a basic display and keyboard. But instead of using National's version, Williamson instead used a calculator chip already being used at CCL, and went looking for a very low-cost calculator to replace National's. This led to the use of a bright red Sinclair Cambridge Memory calculator from Sinclair Radionics as the interface.
By this time, in the spring of 1977, Williamson was offered a job at British Leyland, which he accepted. He approached the managers at CCL to take on production of his computer design, but they were uninterested. This led naturally to Sinclair, who already made the calculator he was using and had a long history in selling kits.
Sinclair
Sinclair Radionics had been nationalized and Clive Sinclair was losing control of the company. In 1976 he set up Science of Cambridge (originally as Sinclair Instruments) to recreate Radionics' early mail-order kit success. He handed the company to Chris Curry, who ran the company single-handedly. Their first product was the kit-form Sinclair Wrist Calculator which was moderately successful but relatively low quality. When Williamson approached Sinclair and Curry, they both liked the idea and saw the potential of selling this more advanced kit into the hobby market.
When Curry approached National inquiring about costs for a mass purchase of the SC/MP, National countered by offering them a completely developed computer system based entirely on National's parts. The design combined National's SC/MP Introkit and Keyboard Kit and they offered the resulting design for free, along with some basic software, in exchange for a contract for the parts. Sinclair decided this was a far better deal than what he could arrange using Williamson's design, and Williamson was cut out of further
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn%20%26%20Teller%27s%20Sin%20City%20Spectacular
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Penn & Teller's Sin City Spectacular was a weekly American television variety show hosted by Penn and Teller that appeared on the FX Networks from August 10, 1998 - June 30, 1999. The show's aim was to revive the genuine variety shows from the past, such as The Ed Sullivan Show, where, as Penn put it, you could see Pavarotti singing an aria, followed by a man with trained performing housecats.
Description
Sin City Spectacular was an hour-long program that featured many acts on the program that were bizarre, sideshow-type performances. These type of performances included Katzen, the tattooed lady who ate bugs, and her husband, the Enigma (also covered with tattoos), who swallowed swords and lightbulbs, and had two horns surgically implanted into his forehead. Often celebrities appeared performing previously unknown talents, such as actor French Stewart singing and dancing Hooray Pornography, Andy Dick tap-dancing, or Jerry Springer singing while the dancers fight behind him a la The Jerry Springer Show.
Musical highlights were Fred, an old-time barbershop quartet, singing "I Wanna Be Sedated"; Michael McKean as a distraught Edgar Allan Poe who breaks into a disco extravaganza with the Eight Deadly Sin Dancers', and comedian Carlos Alazraqui transforming the tradition of Irish River Dancing into a bizarre S&M spanking fantasywhich were the brainchild of writer Martin Olson. Outstanding straight musical acts like Dr. John and John Popper also appeared. In one performance, Popper jammed on the harmonica while Penn narrated a story and Teller illustrated it with card tricks. Other performers included comedians Kevin Meaney, Don Novello, Otto and George, Bobcat Goldthwait, Eric Idle, and Martin Mull.
Each show opened with a solo Penn and Teller performance. Some of their pieces, like "Cuffed to a Creep" where Penn finds himself handcuffed to a bizarre stranger (Teller) on a park bench, and "Balloon of Blood" in which Penn eloquently describes the strength and vulnerability of humanity, were borrowed from their stage show, while others, like Teller's "zippo lighter" piece, were written especially for the TV show.
The FX network chose not to renew the show after the first season.
Crew
Bruce Gowers, Kent Weed, Ron de Moraes, Directors
Michael L. Weinberg, Supervising Producer
Paul Buccieri, executive producer
Robert Weiss, executive producer
Carole Propp, coordinating producer
Penn & Teller, co-executive producer / writers
Martin Olson, producer / writer
Colman deKay, writing supervisor
Jamy Ian Swiss, writer
Michael Goudeau, writer
Gary Stockdale, Composer, Music Director
Bruce Ryan, production design
Birgitte Mann, costume design
Tiger Martina, choreographer
Skip Burrows, property master, special effects
John Monarch, Production Manager
Kent Belli, Production Accountant
Veronica Garrison, Las Vegas Production Coordinator
Mark Mc Quown, construction coordinator
Kieran Healy, lighting
Laurie D. Muslow, talent executive
Adam Brauer, produce
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join-calculus
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The join-calculus is a process calculus developed at INRIA. The join-calculus was developed to provide a formal basis for the design of distributed programming languages, and therefore intentionally avoids communications constructs found in other process calculi, such as rendezvous communications, which are difficult to implement in a distributed setting. Despite this limitation, the join-calculus is as expressive as the full π-calculus. Encodings of the π-calculus in the join-calculus, and vice versa, have been demonstrated.
The join-calculus is a member of the π-calculus family of process calculi, and can be considered, at its core, an asynchronous π-calculus with several strong restrictions:
Scope restriction, reception, and replicated reception are syntactically merged into a single construct, the definition;
Communication occurs only on defined names;
For every defined name there is exactly one replicated reception.
However, as a language for programming, the join-calculus offers at least one convenience over the π-calculus — namely the use of multi-way join patterns, the ability to match against messages from multiple channels simultaneously.
Implementations
Languages based on the join-calculus
The join-calculus programming language is a new language based on the join-calculus process calculus. It is implemented as an interpreter written in OCaml, and supports statically typed distributed programming, transparent remote communication, agent-based mobility, and some failure-detection.
Though not explicitly based on join-calculus, the rule system of CLIPS implements it if every rule deletes its inputs when triggered (retracts the relevant facts when fired).
Many implementations of the join-calculus were made as extensions of existing programming languages:
JoCaml is a version of OCaml extended with join-calculus primitives
Polyphonic C# and its successor Cω extend C#
MC# and Parallel C# extend Polyphonic C#
Join Java extends Java
A Concurrent Basic proposal that uses Join-calculus
JErlang (the J is for Join, erjang is Erlang for the JVM)
Embeddings in other programming languages
These implementations do not change the underlying programming language but introduce join calculus operations through a custom library or DSL:
The ScalaJoins and the Chymyst libraries are in Scala
JoinHs by Einar Karttunen and syallop/Join-Language by Samuel Yallop are DSLs for Join calculus in Haskell
Joinads - various implementations of join calculus in F#
CocoaJoin is an experimental implementation in Objective-C for iOS and Mac OS X
The Join Python library in Python 3
C++ via Boost (for boost from 2009, ca. v. 40, current (Dec '19) is 72).
References
External links
INRIA, Join Calculus homepage
Microsoft Research, The Join Calculus: a Language for Distributed Mobile Programming
Process calculi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Association%20for%20Computing%20and%20Philosophy
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The International Association for Computing and Philosophy (IACAP) is a professional, philosophical association emerging from a history of conferences that began in 1986. Adopting its mission from these conferences, the IACAP exists in order to promote scholarly dialogue on all aspects of the computational/informational turn and the use of computers in the service of philosophy.
The role of the IACAP is to help facilitate a global communications network for those interested in computing and philosophy as defined by these themes. To this end, it sponsors a series of international conferences and this developing website.
The IACAP maintains a friendship with the American Philosophical Association through the liaison of the APA's Committee on Philosophy and Computers. It is currently based at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, The United States of America (United States).
Awards
IACAP hands out two awards at their yearly meetings: The Covey Award and The Herbert A. Simon Award.
The Covey Award
2022: Shannon Vallor (University of Edinburgh)
2021: Helen Nissenbaum (Cornell Tech)
2020: No award
2019: John Weckert (Charles Sturt University)
2018: Deborah G. Johnson (University of Virginia)
2017: Raymond Turner (University of Essex)
2016: Jack Copeland (University of Canterbury, New Zealand)
2015: William J. Rapaport (University at Buffalo, The State University of New York)
2014: Selmer Bringsjord (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)
2013: Margaret Boden (University of Sussex)
2012: Luciano Floridi (University of Hertfordshire)
2011: Terrell Bynum (Southern Connecticut State University)
2010: John R. Searle (University of California, Berkeley)
2009: Edward N. Zalta (Stanford University)
The Herbert A. Simon Award
2022: Björn Lundgren (Utrecht University)
2021: Carissa Véliz (University of Oxford)
2020: No award
2019: Juan M. Durán (Delft University of Technology)
2018: Thomas C. King (Oxford Internet Institute)
2017: Andrea Scarantino (Georgia State University)
2016: Marcin Milkowski (The Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences)
2015: Michael Rescorla (University of California-Santa Barbara)
2014: Gualterio Piccinini (U Missouri- St. Louis)
2013: Judith Simon (University of Vienna)
2012: Patrick Allo (Vrije Universiteit Brussels)
2011: John Sullins (Sonoma State)
2010: Mariarosaria Taddeo (University of Hertfordshire; University of Oxford)
Presidents
Steven T McKinlay 2022 -
Don Berkich 2016-2022
Mariarosaria Taddeo 2013-2016
Anthony Beavers 2011-2013
Luciano Floridi 2006-2011
Jon Dorbolo 2003-2006
Robert Cavalier, founder
Research and teaching areas
IACAP research and teaching areas include:
Artificial intelligence / cognitive science
Artificial life / computer modeling in biology
Computer ethics / information ethics
Computer-mediated communication
Culture and society
Digital physics
Distance education and electronic pedagogy
Electronic publishing
Logic and logic s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip%20%28magazine%29
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Chip is a computer and communications magazine published by CHIP Holding (formerly Vogel Burda Holding GmbH) in several countries of Europe and Asia. The German edition of CHIP was launched in September 1978 and is one of Germany's oldest and largest computer magazines with 418,019 copies sold in average each month of the 4th quarter 2008.
Competitors in its German home market include Computer Bild, PC-Welt and c't.
CHIP Online
CHIP Online is the independent web portal of the CHIP brand. It is one of the most-visited media portals in the German language area, providing hardware and software tests and price comparisons, as well as a large downloading and a community portal. , it is a top 30 site in Germany according to Alexa traffic rankings. CHIP Online is operated by CHIP Digital GmbH.
Magazine
Currently there are these German different magazines available:
CHIP Plus
CHIP Foto Video mit DVD
CHIP Test & Kauf
CHIP Linux
From 1998 to 2013, an Indian edition titled Intelligent Computing CHIP was published.
Statistics
Monthly magazine sales
Subscribers
References
External links
Chip.de
download.chip.eu/en
1978 establishments in West Germany
Computer magazines published in Germany
Monthly magazines published in Germany
Magazines established in 1978
Magazines published in Munich
Multilingual magazines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana%20Software
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KANA Software, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Verint Systems (NASDAQ: VRNT) and provides on-premises and cloud computing hosted customer relationship management software products to many of the Fortune 500, mid-market businesses and government agencies.
History
Mark Gainey founded KANA, named after a rescued Shepherd-Husky mix, in 1996. The purpose was to market a software package designed to help businesses manage email and Web-based communications. It grew around this core offering.
In 1999, KANA Communications (as it was then known) acquired Connectify followed by Business Evolution and NetDialog.
In 2000, KANA made its then-largest acquisition, Silknet Software. The purchase price was $4.2 billion, despite the fact that both companies were relatively small. Silknet was an early multichannel marketing software company. Industry analysts were generally cool to the purchase though some said it made sense strategically.
In 2001, KANA merged with BroadBase software. KANA was a major stock market success during the dot-com bubble, and while it contracted significantly during the following downturn, it remained in business as an independent company through the following decade.
In 2010, Accel-KKR acquired KANA's assets and liabilities for approximately $40.82 million. The same year, KANA acquired Lagan Technologies, a government-to-citizen customer relationship management company based in Northern Ireland. The software was rebranded as LAGAN Enterprise, a package that compiles information from sources such as 311 calls and map overlays to improve resource management.
In 2011, KANA purchased Overtone, which allowed companies to monitor social media outlets like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. The software was rebranded as KANA Experience Analytics.
In 2012, KANA bought Trinicom, a Dutch company that makes mid-market customer service multichannel ecommerce, especially in the BeNeLux region. Less than three months later, KANA purchased Sword Ciboodle, a company that specializes in contact center software. Industry analysts generally looked favorably on the acquisition; Ciboodle's established business process management gave KANA products for a full-featured CRM package for customer service with social media marketing. "Between the two companies, almost every aspect of customer relationship experience... is covered." The combined organization operates under the KANA brand. Ciboodle's CEO, Mike Hughes, who had led the company prior to its purchase by Sword, left the company after KANA's purchase was finalized. He was replaced by KANA executives.
In 2013, KANA announced the KANA Enterprise product which the company marketed as "a unified platform supporting both agent-based and customer self-service scenarios".
In 2014, Verint acquired the operating assets of KANA for $514 million.
Product families
KANA Enterprise: Enterprise omni-channel CRM package
LAGAN Enterprise: G2C enterprise CRM package
KANA Express: Cloud-based multichannel c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy%20of%20information
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The philosophy of information (PI) is a branch of philosophy that studies topics relevant to information processing, representational system and consciousness, cognitive science, computer science, information science and information technology.
It includes:
the critical investigation of the conceptual nature and basic principles of information, including its dynamics, utilisation and sciences
the elaboration and application of information-theoretic and computational methodologies to philosophical problems.
History
The philosophy of information (PI) has evolved from the philosophy of artificial intelligence, logic of information, cybernetics, social theory, ethics and the study of language and information.
Logic of information
The logic of information, also known as the logical theory of information, considers the information content of logical signs and expressions along the lines initially developed by Charles Sanders Peirce.
Study of language and information
Later contributions to the field were made by Fred Dretske, Jon Barwise, Brian Cantwell Smith, and others.
The Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) was founded at Stanford University in 1983 by philosophers, computer scientists, linguists, and psychologists, under the direction of John Perry and Jon Barwise.
P.I.
More recently this field has become known as the philosophy of information. The expression was coined in the 1990s by Luciano Floridi, who has published prolifically in this area with the intention of elaborating a unified and coherent, conceptual frame for the whole subject.
Definitions of "information"
The concept information has been defined by several theorists.
Charles S. Peirce's theory of information was embedded in his wider theory of symbolic communication he called the semiotic, now a major part of semiotics. For Peirce, information integrates the aspects of signs and expressions separately covered by the concepts of denotation and extension, on the one hand, and by connotation and comprehension on the other.
Donald M. MacKay says that information is a distinction that makes a difference.
According to Luciano Floridi, four kinds of mutually compatible phenomena are commonly referred to as "information":
Information about something (e.g. a train timetable)
Information as something (e.g. DNA, or fingerprints)
Information for something (e.g. algorithms or instructions)
Information in something (e.g. a pattern or a constraint).
Philosophical directions
Computing and philosophy
Recent creative advances and efforts in computing, such as semantic web, ontology engineering, knowledge engineering, and modern artificial intelligence provide philosophy with fertile ideas, new and evolving subject matters, methodologies, and models for philosophical inquiry. While computer science brings new opportunities and challenges to traditional philosophical studies, and changes the ways philosophers understand foundational concepts in philosophy, fur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilde%20Alliance
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Wilde Alliance is a British television series produced by Yorkshire Television for the ITV network in 1978. The programme was a light-hearted mystery series created by Ian Mackintosh about a husband-and-wife pair of amateur detectives, Rupert and Amy Wilde (played by John Stride and Julia Foster).
Rupert is a crime novelist, while his wife Amy is his PA, as well as being an artist and designer in her own right. They live in a luxurious apartment in an old Manor House in York, but despite this and an enjoyment of the finer things in life, they are sometimes short of money and are often dogged by Income tax demands. In one episode they even fly on holiday to Amsterdam (in the episode "Affray in Amsterdam") to spend what little profit they have made on one book just to avoid the tax man. They indulge in their amateur detecting more as a sort of diversion from the everyday stress of working life.
Also helping out at times was Rupert's long suffering literary agent Christopher Bridgewater (played by John Lee), who was often having to chase up Rupert to meet a book deadline, only to be unwillingly dragged into yet another of their mysteries. However, in one episode (Things That Go Bump) it is him who asks the Wildes to investigate after buying an old property he believes to be haunted. The only other semi regular in the series is a fellow tenant of the Manor House called Bailey (played by Patrick Newell), a dapper dandy of a man who runs a secret business in pornography of all aspects (some less than savory), as well as using his own flat to shoot pornographic films, all under the noses of the local police.
The mystery series ran for 13 episodes from January 17 to April 11, 1978, and was a big ratings hit for ITV, consistently making the Top 20, and at one point reached 4th in the ratings with a peak viewing audience of 16.6 million. Despite this, there wasn't a second series, but that may have been down to the sudden and mysterious disappearance of its writer Ian Mackintosh the following year, who along with his girlfriend Susan Insole and friend and pilot Graham Barber went on a flight over the Gulf of Alaska on July 7, 1979, and disappeared. No sign of any of the passengers or any wreckage of the plane has ever been found.
Cast
Rupert Wilde - John Stride
Amy Wilde - Julia Foster
Christopher Bridgewater - John Lee
Crew
Producer - Ian Mackintosh
Executive Producer - David Cunliffe
Theme music - Anthony Isaac
Episodes
DVD release
The complete series is available on DVD in the UK.
References
External links
1978 British television series debuts
1978 British television series endings
1970s British drama television series
1970s British television miniseries
ITV television dramas
Television series by ITV Studios
Television series by Yorkshire Television
English-language television shows
British detective television series
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Borgias%20%281981%20TV%20series%29
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The Borgias is a British television drama serial produced by the BBC in 1981, in association with the Second Network of the Italian broadcaster RAI. The series, produced by Mark Shivas, was set in Italy during the 15th century and told the story of Rodrigo Borgia (played by Adolfo Celi) – the future Pope Alexander VI – and his family, including his son Cesare (Oliver Cotton) and daughter Lucrezia (Anne Louise Lambert).
The 10 episodes follow events from 1492 when Rodrigo is elected pope and concludes in 1507 with Cesare's violent death.
Reception
Intended to be a gripping historical melodrama in the same vein as the earlier BBC series, I, Claudius, and despite credible locations and excellent cinematography, the series was not a critical success. The BBC screened the series at the same time as ITV's lavish Brideshead Revisited, and critics contrasted the high production values and stellar cast of Brideshead with The Borgias seeming focus on frequent graphic violence and nudity.
The Sicilian-born actor Adolfo Celi, well known to have a heavy Sicilian accent, is said to have had much difficulty enunciating his lines. His thickly-accented English proved difficult for viewers to follow.
The series was released on DVD in the UK by 2 Entertain in 2016.
Cast
External links
1980s British drama television series
1981 British television series debuts
1981 British television series endings
BBC television dramas
British historical television series
House of Borgia
Television series set in the Renaissance
Television series set in the 15th century
Television series set in the 16th century
Television shows set in Italy
Television shows set in Vatican City
Films about popes
Cultural depictions of Cesare Borgia
Cultural depictions of Lucrezia Borgia
Cultural depictions of Pope Alexander VI
English-language television shows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making%20News
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Making News is a television drama set in the world of journalism produced by Thames Television for the ITV network.
A pilot episode, entitled 'Making News', was screened on 9 May 1989 as part of Thames' anthology series Storyboard. The pilot was developed into a series of six episodes transmitted the following year.
Cast
Clive Arrindell – Alex Hendry
Tom Cotcher – Eddie Fraser
Bill Nighy – Sam Courtney
Gawn Grainger – Pelham Beecher
Paul Darrow – George Parnell
Nichola McAuliffe – Carrie Vernon
Annie Lambert – Jill Wycombe
Alphonsia Emmanuel – Anita Markham
Tony Osoba – Freddie
Ian Bleasdale – Ron
Charlotte Attenborough – Lucy Trent
Episode list
External links
ITV television dramas
1990 British television series debuts
1990 British television series endings
1990s British drama television series
Television series about journalism
Television shows produced by Thames Television
English-language television shows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkdale%20railway%20station
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Birkdale railway station serves the Birkdale suburb of Southport, England. The station is located on the Southport branch of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line.
History
The first Birkdale station opened on the then new, single track Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway. This station was located at " Gilbert's Crossing", over half a mile nearer Liverpool than the present station. The line was subsequently developed rapidly, being doubled and completed through to Liverpool. In 1851 this station was replaced by a wholly new, two platform station called "Birkdale Park" which formed the basis of the present day station. By 1910 it had been renamed plain "Birkdale". Both the later station and the original station building at what had evolved to be mapped as "Gilbert's Crossing" can be seen on the Edwardian OS 6" map. The old station building was not demolished until 1965. By 2012 Gilbert's Crossing was obliterated by housing. It was just south of the junction of Dunkirk and Dover roads.
The line became part of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR), on 14 June 1855. who took over from the (LCSR). The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway amalgamated with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922 and in turn was Grouped into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Nationalisation followed in 1948 and in 1978 the station became part of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line (operated by British Rail until privatisation in 1995).
The signal box adjacent to the station, built in 1905, is a Grade II listed building.
Facilities
The station is staffed, during all opening hours, and has platform CCTV. There is a booking office and live departure and arrival screens, for passenger information. There is car parking for 90 cars, secure cycle storage for 24 cycles and cycle racks for a further 26 cycles. A subway links both platforms but both platforms can be accessed without steps via the level crossing.
Services
Trains operate every 15 minutes throughout the day from Monday to Saturday to Southport to the north, and to Hunts Cross via Liverpool Central to the south. Sunday services are every 30 minutes in each direction.
References
Bibliography
External links
Railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
DfT Category E stations
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations served by Merseyrail
Buildings and structures in Southport
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillside%20railway%20station
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Hillside railway station serves the southern half of the Birkdale area of Southport, England. It is located on the Southport branch of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line.
It is the closest station to the Royal Birkdale golf course, and is extremely busy when major events (such as the Open Championship) are held there.
History
Hillside opened in May 1926 as an intermediate station on the ex-Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR) after the 1923 grouping into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, and long after the railway had originally opened in 1848. By this time, the area had developed into a sizable residential suburb of Southport.
Nationalisation followed in 1948 and in 1978 the station became part of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line (operated by British Rail until privatised in 1995).
Facilities
Safety and security features at this station include CCTV, an induction loop is installed, shelters and seats and a public telephone. There is no wheelchair access at this station, as the only access to the platforms is by stairs; the nearest stations with disabled access are Birkdale and Ainsdale. The ticket office is always staffed by at least one member of staff from before the start of train services until 00:30 each evening. There is cycle storage for 6 cycles and secure storage for 40 cycles.
Merseytravel announced in April 2019 that they had been successful in a bid for funding lifts being installed at the station under the Department for Transport's ‘Access for All’ programme. The lifts are expected to be installed at some point over the following five years.
Services
Trains operate every 15 minutes throughout the day from Monday to Saturday to Southport to the north, and to Hunts Cross via Liverpool Central to the south. Sunday services are every 30 minutes in each direction.
Gallery
References
External links
Railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
DfT Category E stations
Former London, Midland and Scottish Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1926
Railway stations served by Merseyrail
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV%20News%20at%205%3A30
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ITV News at 5:30 was an early morning news bulletin on the British television network ITV, which was broadcast from 15 February 1988 until 21 December 2012. It was produced by ITN.
The 30-minute programme covered British national and international news stories, a brief business update, a look at the morning's newspapers and regular NBC News segments and broadcasts at 5:30 am every day. In the event of a major news story, they occasionally went live to the scene or crossed to the newsroom.
History
The programme began as the ITN Morning News on 15 February 1988 with the advent of 24-hour television on ITV; preceding it throughout the night would be 90-second mini-bulletins, fronted by the same anchor as the Morning News. It originally ran for an hour from 5:00am and was the first pre-subscription television outlet in Britain to broadcast regular segments from CNN. The first thirty minutes included a broadcast of the ITN World News, a bulletin intended for the international audience and composed solely of major world stories, and the second thirty minutes focused on national news stories. The practice of including the ITN World News as part of an "hour-long" ITN Morning News ended by 4 March 1991, and the time slot was amended accordingly to 5:30am. During the Christmas period, the programme was shortened to a 5 minute bulletin airing at 5:55am.
Some EPGs and TV listings referred to the programme as the ITV Early Morning News. On 2 November 2009 the ITV Morning News was renamed as simply ITV News to coincide with the re-branding of ITV News output.
On 27 November 2012, it was announced that ITV is to axe the bulletin in favour of delivering content online for itv.com and extra resources to be put into creating a new foreign affairs unit. The programme last aired on 21 December 2012.
Newscasters (1988–2012)
Ian Axton
Zeinab Badawi
Faye Barker
Richard Bath
Andrea Catherwood
Steve Clamp
Bob Crampton
Guy de Faye
Katie Derham
Ali Douglas
Steve Gaisford
Phil Gayle
Jon Gilbert
Alex Hyndman
Gwyn Jones
Jackie Kabler
Rachel McTavish
Joyce Ohajah
Nicholas Owen
Chris Rogers
Phil Roman
Salma Siraj
Alastair Stewart
John Suchet
Matt Teale
Owen Thomas
Denis Tuohy
Mark Webster
Charlene White
Tim Willcox
Sascha Williams
Reporter
Yao Chin (2008–2012)
References
External links
1988 British television series debuts
1990s British television series
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
2012 British television series endings
British television news shows
English-language television shows
ITN
ITV news shows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legends%20of%20Might%20and%20Magic
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Legends of Might and Magic is a first-person shooter video game developed by Jon Van Caneghem through New World Computing and published by The 3DO Company in 2001. As a spin-off of the Might and Magic franchise, Legends has a fantasy theme. Reviews likened the game to a medieval Counter-Strike, but criticized it for being a mediocre clone.
Gameplay
Gameplay in Legends is almost entirely online. An offline practice mode exists, but the game does not provide bots to simulate actual gameplay conditions. Players pick a server, and then choose from six classes of either the evil team or the good team. The evil team consists of the Heretic, Archer and Warrior, and the good team of the Paladin, Druid and Sorceress. The players then enter a map. Each map exhibits one of four game types:
Sword in the Stone: Each team must attempt to gain control of the sword and reach the exit. It is essentially a variation of one-flag CTF.
Rescue the Princess: The good team must try to save a princess who is guarded by the evil team. This mode is similar to the hostage rescue mode in Counter-Strike.
Warlord Escape: A player assumes the role of the warlord, who must be escorted by the others to safety. This is nearly identical to the VIP missions in Counter-Strike.
Slay the Dragon: Both teams battle in a map containing a fire-breathing dragon. The team that kills the dragon wins the match.
In addition to the opposing team, hostile creatures may be present for players to fight (the host of each game decides whether or not there will be monsters). By killing monsters and opening treasure chests found on the map, and also by winning rounds, players earn gold with which to buy equipment. Players lose these items when they die or at the end of a match, whichever comes first. This was another flaw attributed to the game; as players lose everything once matches end and start with only basic gear at the start of each new one, there was no long-term reward and no way for more experienced players to gauge their skill against the less experienced.
History
Legends of Might and Magic was announced at the 2000 E3 by 3DO as the first Might and Magic game designed for online play. At the time, it was intended to be an Action/RPG that focused on co-operative multiplayer. With up to six players able to join up, the game was not as extensive as MMORPGs of the time, but it also included 16-player deathmatch, a random adventure generator, and a player vs. monster arena. The game would allow characters to choose one of six classes with differing proficiencies in might and magic before embarking on a quest to collect four artifacts from four worlds to defeat the deranged advisor to the king before he can alter history. The assignments given to the players would depend on their level and how far they had progressed.
By the beginning of 2001, however, the game had abandoned the Action/RPG elements and had become a deathmatch game, with six proposed gameplay modes, 25 maps from Might and Mag
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20L.%20Graham
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Susan Lois Graham (born September 16, 1942) is an American computer scientist. Graham is the Pehong Chen Distinguished Professor Emerita in the Computer Science Division of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley.
Education and professional career
Born in Cleveland, Graham received her A.B. in mathematics from Harvard in 1964.
She did her graduate work in computer science at Stanford, receiving her M.S. in 1966 and her Ph.D. in 1971 under the supervision of David Gries.
In 1971 she joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley, rising from assistant professor (1971–1976), through associate professor (1976–1981) to full professor from 1981 onwards.
Graham's research projects include:
Harmonia – A language-based framework for interactive software development.
Titanium - A Java-based parallel programming language, compiler, and runtime system.
Graham was the founding editor of the ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems. Graham has published dozens of research articles and has lectured and published extensively on subjects in computer languages, compilers and programming environments.
She is a member of the United States President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. Among other activities, she chaired the Panel on Open Source Software for High End Computing.
Graham has long been involved with Harvard, culminating with her joining the Harvard Corporation
in 2011.
Honors and awards
She was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1993 for contributions to the theory and practice of compiler construction and for leadership in the computer science community.
In 1994 she was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. She is also a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
In 2004, her paper on Gprof appeared on the list of the 50 most influential PLDI papers of all time as one of four papers of 1982 year.
In 2009, she was awarded the IEEE John von Neumann Medal for "contributions to programming language design and implementation and for exemplary service to the discipline of computer science".
On Sept. 29, 2011 it was announced that she had been chosen to receive the ACM-IEEE-CS Ken Kennedy Award on November 15, 2011 in Seattle at SC11, the international conference on high-performance computing.
Graham is featured in the Notable Women in Computing cards.
Personal life
Graham is married to professor emeritus Michael A. Harrison of UC Berkeley.
See also
List of computer scientists
References
External links
Susan L. Graham home page
Living people
Harvard College alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the American Association for the Advan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean%20Communications%20Network
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The Caribbean Communications Network Ltd. (CCN) also known as the "CCN Group" Ltd., is a subsidiary of ONE Caribbean Media Limited. In December, 2005 both the Trinidad and Tobago–based Caribbean Communications Network (CCN) and the Barbados-based Nation Corporation entered into a merger agreement for formation of the new ONE Caribbean Media Limited company. Following the merger (officially on January 1, 2006), Caribbean Communications Network Ltd. as the larger of two companies continued to hold the aegis of the new dynamic media conglomerate based in Independence Square of Port of Spain, in Trinidad and Tobago. Prior to merger, CCN was ranked as one of the top 50 largest Caribbean companies.
History
The genesis of Caribbean Communication Network (CCN) was the Trinidad Express newspaper. The newspaper was founded in 1967 by a group of journalists who found themselves displaced when the British-owned Daily Mirror was brought out by foreign owners of the rival Guardian newspaper. The local group enlisted the help of a number of their country's leading businessmen and on 6 June 1967 the first paper rolled off the presses.
Later, Caribbean Communication Network Group became a holding company for the Trinidad Express and other media properties. The company subsequently acquired significant holdings in a number of Caribbean media houses.
On 31 August 1991 CCN television, channels 6 and 18, became the first independently operated television station in the English-speaking Caribbean, broadcasting to over 80% of Trinidad and Tobago’s population.
On 24 June 1991 CCN become one of eleven radio stations in the country when it began transmission of its own radio station, Prime Radio 106FM. The group later sold 106FM in August 1995.
In 1995 CCN group formed a subsidiary called Galaxy Caribbean, which began cooperation with South American Cisneros Group. After two years, CCN's Galaxy Caribbean began roll-out of DirecTV Caribbean television services to the region. After its launch in Trinidad and Tobago, CCN's Galaxy became the region’s first direct-to-home digital, satellite entertainment service and made Trinidad and Tobago only the fifth country in the world to institute DirecTV service. As CCN Group changed direction it allowed for Cisneros Group to buy Galaxy Caribbean for $9.9 million and to roll DirecTV Caribbean into the wider DirecTV Latin America. That deal was completed on 1 November 2000.
Business segments
The company operates CCN TV6 which is the number one privately owned television station in the Trinidad and Tobago market. CCN also holds an interest in the Grenada Broadcast Network.
The Caribbean Communications Network owns one of the two leading daily newspapers of Trinidad and Tobago, the Trinidad Express.
References
Mass media in Trinidad and Tobago
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway%20Setup%20Assistant
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Gateway Setup Assistant is a tool in Apple Computer's Mac OS X Server versions 10.4 and higher that guides users through setting up Mac OS X Server as an internet gateway.
The Gateway Setup Assistant assumes two network interfaces and will automatically configure the DHCP, NAT, firewall, DNS, and VPN services.
External links
Apple Product page
Apple documentation PDF
MacOS Server
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panhandle%20Bridge
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The Panhandle Bridge (officially the Monongahela River Bridge) carries the three lines of the Port Authority Light Rail Network across the Monongahela River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The name comes from Pennsylvania Railroad subsidiary Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, also known as the Panhandle Route, which operated over the bridge.
The basic structure was built in 1903, and was the third railroad bridge on the site since 1863. It was raised in 1912-14 as part of a grade separation project. The bridge's function was to carry Panhandle Route passenger, mail and express trains from Pennsylvania Station in Pittsburgh, with a tunnel in between the station and the bridge. Pennsy Panhandle freight trains utilized the Ohio Connecting Bridge slightly downstream on the Ohio River, or went the long way around the West Virginia Panhandle via Conway, Pennsylvania.
Rail traffic over the Panhandle Bridge declined as passenger trains were discontinued, and Amtrak became the only regular user of the bridge from 1971 to 1979, when the New York-St. Louis-Kansas City National Limited was discontinued on October 1 of that year. As PRR successor Conrail had no use for the bridge and the restrictive downtown tunnel, it was sold to the Port Authority, who rebuilt the bridge beginning in 1982 as part of the downtown light rail subway project, which removed trolleys from downtown streets and the Smithfield Street Bridge. PAT (as the Port Authority system was known at the time) light rail cars began using the bridge on July 7, 1985.
Near the southern end of the bridge, the rails split with a single track going up to Allentown. This was used for a former light rail line, but it is still in use during maintenance work and service disruptions.
See also
List of crossings of the Monongahela River
Pittsburgh & Steubenville Extension Railroad Tunnel
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad
References
External links
Panhandle Bridge on pghbridges.com
Bridges in Pittsburgh
Bridges over the Monongahela River
Bridges completed in 1903
Railroad bridges in Pennsylvania
Light rail bridges
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%20Basta%20Association
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The Ya Basta Association is a network of Italian anti-capitalist and pro-immigrants rights organizations and groups, fueled by the Italian social center movement, formed in 1994, and known for the "authorship" of the Tute Bianche, and later disobbedienti phenomena.
Formed as a result of the "eros effect" of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation uprising in Chiapas in 1994, the Ya Basta Association is sometimes confused with its corresponding tactical project, the Tute Bianche. However these two projects are distinct in that while the Ya Basta Association is an overarching project involving many facets, including the utilization of the "white overall" tactic, the Tute Bianche was a broader tactic involving, at the time of Genoa 2001, many participants unconnected with the Italian Association.
See also
¡Ya basta!
External links
Official site (Italian)
"Tute Bianche: The Practical Side of Myth Making" by Wu Ming 1 (Roberto Bui)
Political organisations based in Italy
Autonomism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens%20Public%20Television
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Queens Public Television (QPTV) is a not-for-profit private corporation Public-access television network serving the residents of the borough of Queens, New York City. QPTV manages the four public, educational, and government access (PEG) channels (Channels 34/1995, 56/1996, 57/1997, 79/1998 on Time Warner Cable; 82, 83, 84, 85 on RCN; and 34, 35, 36, 37 on Verizon Fios) on the cable TV systems for Queens.
QPTV series
Adventures in QPTV Land (2001)
American Vocal Ensemble (1999)
Art a-la-Carte (1989)
The Art of Paper Cutting (1997)
Artists at Work (1992)
Assembly Update (1997) (Network Music's Parade of Flags)
The Beatnik Poets (2001)
Ben's Music and Dance (1997)
Bernie's Place (2006–Present)
Binat Chaim School of Music (1995)
Business Goals 2000 (1996)
Caribbean Classroom
Caribbean Gospel Showcase (1997-1999)
Center Stage
Coaches Roundtable (1997)
Companion Animal Network (1996–Present)
Computer Animation Discussion (1994)
Connection Zone
Conversations (1998)
Creative Insight (1999)
Creative Instincts (1998)
Democracy in Crisis (1996–Present)
De Aqui y De Alla con Natty Abreu
DeVore Dance Center in Concert 1997 (1998)
The E.O.M. Rap Show (2000)
Exploration of the Universe (1997)
Eye Positive (1998)
Eyewitness Ministries's Time With a Band (1998)
Fitness World (1998)
From the Heart (1996)
The Game Show Block Party (2007–present)
Garbage Band 101 (1991)
The Gillis & Barry Show (1996–Present)
A Hidden Feud (1995)
The Hive (1997-1998)
In Our World
An Interview with Joe
Islam, the Universal System (1998-2000)
Ivanka's 1-800 Contest (1998)
James the Magician (1995)
The Jennifer Vanilla Hour (2017–present)
Joan's World
The Joe Show (1999-2000)
Keepin'(g) It Real (1997 and 1998)
Kids (2) (2000-2001)
Kids Will Be Kids (1999)
The Learning Tree Multicultural School (2000)
Life in the Universe (2000)
Lipsynch Party (2) (1997-1999)
The Lou Telano Show (2000)
The Men of Fitness (1997)
Mind Gym (1999)
Mindlight
Mrs. Jellybean (1995)
Music Festival (1998)
Music Movies & More (1998)
Nosotros, Ustedes y... Luz Estella (1998)
Not by Bread Alone
Nueva York: Ciudad de Todos (1997)
O's Crib
The On da Money show
The Panorama of New York City (1998)
Passport to the World (2000-2001)
Pets Alive (1996)
Planet Safari U.S.A. (1996)
Poetry in Gospel (1999)
Pohl Position (1999–Present)
Public Access in Queens (1999)
Queens Music Television (1999)
Quiet Time and Praise the Lord (1997)
Quinteto Brasileiro (1999)
The Realm of Never
Rhythmic Poetry (1999)
Richie's Place
Simple Science
Skate Time (1998)
Social Security & You
Solutions (1998–Present)
Survivor (1997)
Taekwon-Do (1997)
Tete-A-Tete: The Independent Music Scene (1990)
The Typewriter (2000)
Urban Souls Culture
The Way (1994)
What's Happening Berverly?
What Makes The Monkey Dance (2005)
Where We Stand
Women of Fitness (1997)
Words (1997)
You Name That Show (1999–Present)
A Young Artist Sculpts
References
American public access television
Television stations in New York (state)
Television stations in New York City
Te
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantus%20%28disambiguation%29
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Cantus may refer to:
Cantus, an activity organised by Flemish and Dutch and Baltic student organisations and fraternities
Cantus (database), a database for Latin ecclesiastical chant
Cantus (vocal ensemble), an eight-member a cappella ensemble in Minnesota
Cantus firmus, a pre-existing melody forming the basis of a polyphonic composition
Cantus Records of Madrid, Spain
Cantus the Minstrel, a character from Fraggle Rock
Cantus may refer to the uppermost voice in medieval music manuscripts
Cantus Verkehrsgesellschaft, a railway company in Germany
Cantus (software)
Cantus in Memoriam Benjamin Britten, a composition by Arvo Pärt
Cantus (Norwegian female choir)
Cantus, a song by 'Faith and the Muse' from their 1996 album Annwyn, Beneath the Waves
Hyundai Cantus, the name of the Hyundai Creta sport utility vehicle model in the Dominican Republic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal%20Diversity%20Web
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Animal Diversity Web (ADW) is an online database that collects the natural history, classification, species characteristics, conservation biology, and distribution information on thousands of species of animals. The website includes thousands of photographs, hundreds of sound clips, and a virtual museum.
Overview
The ADW acts as an online encyclopedia, with each individual species account displaying basic information specific to that species. The website uses a local, relational database written by staff and student contributors from the University of Michigan. Each species account includes geographic range, habitat, physical description, development, ecosystem roles, reproduction, life span, communication and perception, behavior, food habits, predation, and conservation status. The organization of the site reinforces past biology knowledge by providing sharp images and showing common phyla on the home page.
The Animal Diversity Web has resources other than its database.
The website also offers a virtual museum and a cell phone app.
The virtual museum contains mostly mammals and has a large collection of skulls that can be virtually handled. The Animal Diversity Web is a non-profit site. It is written largely for college students, and also provides resources for K-12 instructors.
Background
The ADW was created in 1995 by Philip Myers, a former biology professor at the University of Michigan. The site contains over 2,150 accounts of animal species along with over 11,500 images and 725 sounds. The developers of the website planned to add 250 more species by the end of 2017. Along with species accounts, the ADW has over 250 accounts of higher taxonomic groups.
Most of the contributors to the website are undergraduate students. ADW has collaborated with 30 colleges and universities across the United States. The undergraduate students often submit reports on species as part of their course requirements. Each account is researched using peer reviewed scientific journals and research papers and is edited by both the professors and the staff at the ADW. This provides opportunities for students to experience real-world examples of writing skills and biology intertwining, and also adds efficient contributions to the site. Experts at the University of Michigan and elsewhere also provide content at higher taxonomic levels. , The Animal Diversity Web had 3,675 contributors.
ADW Resources
The ADW markets itself as a resource for constructing scholarly documents.
All species accounts have been reviewed and approved, providing accurate data.
ADW is highly ranked by Google and Google Scholar search engines and is often the first result when searching for animal names or animal databases.
Scholarly journals often draw from the ADW database when they are looking at a broad range of species in their study.
When Keinath et al. collected data to determine animals' sensitivity to fragmentation, the ADW and other databases allowed them to compile evidence
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARY%20Digital%20Network
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ARY Digital Network () is a subsidiary of the ARY Group. The ARY group of companies is a Dubai-based holding company founded by a Pakistani businessman, Haji Abdul Razzak Yaqoob (ARY). The network has a video on demand streaming service called ARY ZAP.
History
ARY Digital, formerly known as the Pakistani Channel, was launched in the United Kingdom in December 2000 to cater to the growing demands of South Asian entertainment in the region. It uses Samacom, a monopolising uplink provider based in the UAE, as the uplink teleport station.
Affiliate programming
Recently ARY Digital has affiliated with several other television networks to promote their content in Pakistan. Amongst these are Fashion TV for which a regional channel FTV Pakistan has been airing since December 2005 on the ARY Digital network. Plans are under way for Al Jazeera Urdu in affiliation with Al Jazeera targeting 110 million Urdu-speaking households worldwide and HBO Pakistan in association with HBO's south-Asian division. With the network's help, Nickelodeon is also planning to kick-start its operations in Nick Pakistan where it would be beamed into 2.5 million households with kids.
Specialized programming
By 2003, ARY Digital had ended up three sister ventures apart from the flagship channel ARY Digital, channels targeting generalized programming. They include: ARY News, a 24hr news channel; ARY Musik, a channel aimed at the younger generation featuring the latest from the Pakistani music scene & ARY Qtv, a religious service.
Channels list
ARY Digital Network is composed of the following channels :
ARY Digital HD-Entertainment Channel for Asia Region
A Sports-Sports channel.
ARY Zindagi - Infotainment Channel & Turkish drama Urdu dubbing
ARY Musik -Music Channel
ARY News - 24-hour news channel
ARY Qtv - Islamic Channel
Nickelodeon Pakistan -children cartoon channel
International channels
ARY Family - Infotainment for UK Region
New Vision TV - 24-hour news channel
ARY Digital ME - Infotainment channel Middle East Region
ARY Digital USA - Infotainment channel for USA Region
ARY Films - film distributing company
ARY Tube - Official Video Portal of ARY Digital Network
ARY Arabia -YouTube channel presenting Pakistani dramas, OST's in Arabic dubbed.
Over The Top (OTT)
ARY ZAP
ARY Vidly
Defunct channels
ARY Zauq
The City Channel
The Musik
ARY One World
ARY Shopping Channel
VH1 Pakistan
Fashion TV Pakistan
HBO Pakistan
QTV
ARY films
ARY Films is film distribution company running in Pakistan. It's a part of ARY Digital Network. Thirty five films including 11 Urdu, 6 Punjabi and 17 Pashto films were released by ARY Films in 2013. Among them Waar, Main Hoon Shahid Afridi, Josh, Chambaili, Zinda Bhaag, Siyaah and Lamha top the charts in industry.
BOL channel
Attempted take over of BOL Network and BOL News happened in August 2015 by ARY Digital Network CEO Salman Iqbal, who said that the decision was taken in view to provide career protection to media
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacula
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Bacula is an open-source, enterprise-level computer backup system for heterogeneous networks. It is designed to automate backup tasks that had often required intervention from a systems administrator or computer operator.
Bacula supports Linux, UNIX, Windows, and macOS backup clients, and a range of professional backup devices including tape libraries. Administrators and operators can configure the system via a command line, GUI or web interface; its back-end is a catalog of information stored by MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQLite.
Overview
Bacula is a set of computer programs for managing backup, recovery, and verification of computer data across a network—providing a backup solution for mixed operating system environments.
Bacula is open-source and released under the AGPL version 3 license with exceptions to permit linking with OpenSSL and distributing Windows binaries.
Bacula is available under a "dual license" (see Multi-licensing) AGPLv3 or Proprietary license. Several entities offer commercial support for the AGPL "Bacula community version" while Bacula Systems sells various levels of annual support contracts for "Bacula Enterprise Edition", which contains various non-GPL components developed in-house. In 2015, Bacula Systems was named "Top 20 Most Promising Data Center Solution Providers" by CIO Review.
In common with other dual-license software, components developed for the Bacula Enterprise Edition are released into Bacula Community edition after some period of exclusivity to the proprietary version.
Since April 2002, Bacula has over 2 million downloads, which makes it the most downloaded open-source backup program.
Features
Bacula's features include:
Network options
TCP/IP – client–server communication uses standard ports and services instead of RPC for NFS, SMB, etc.; this eases firewall administration and network security
CRAM-MD5 – configurable client–server authentication
GZIP/LZO – client-side compression to reduce network bandwidth consumption; this runs separate from hardware compression done by the backup device
TLS – network communication encryption
MD5/SHA – verify file integrity
CRC – verify data block integrity
PKI – backup data encryption
NDMP – enterprise version plugin
cloud backup with some S3 file storage services
Client OS
The client software, executed by a "file daemon" running on a Bacula client, supports multiple operating systems.
Considerations
By default, Bacula's differential and incremental backups are based on system time stamps. Consequently, if you move files into an existing directory or move a whole directory into the backup FileSet after a full backup, those files may not be backed up by an incremental save because they may have old dates. You must explicitly update the date/time stamp on all moved files. Bacula versions starting with 3.0 or later support Accurate backup, which is an option that addresses this issue without requiring modification of the files timestamps. This feature should alwa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TER%20Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes
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TER Rhône-Alpes was the regional rail network serving Rhône-Alpes région, eastern France. In 2017 it was merged into the new TER Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.
TER network
Rail
Road
Villefranche-sur-Saône – Mâcon TGV
Saint-Claude – Oyonnax – Bellegarde-sur-Valserine
Bellegarde-sur-Valserine – Divonne-les-Bains
Aubenas – Privas – Valence – Valence TGV
Vallon-Pont-d'Arc / Les Vans – Aubenas – Montélimar – Valence TGV
Annonay – Vienne – Lyon
Rolling stock
Multiple units
SNCF Class Z 600
SNCF Class Z 800
SNCF Class Z 850
SNCF Class Z 7100
SNCF Class Z 7500
SNCF Class Z 9500
SNCF Class Z 9600
SNCF Class Z 20500 (temporarily transferred from Île-de-France's RER)
SNCF Class Z 23500
SNCF Class Z 24500
SNCF Class Z 27500
SNCF Class X 2800
SNCF Class X 4630
SNCF Class X 72500
SNCF Class X 73500
SNCF Class B 81500
Locomotives
SNCF Class CC 6500
SNCF Class BB 7200
SNCF Class BB 8500
SNCF Class BB 9600
SNCF Class BB 22200
SNCF Class BB 25150
SNCF Class BB 25200
SNCF Class BB 25500
SNCF Class BB 67300
Statistics
2 794 km of lines
4 735 km of individual railroads
5 928 bridges, tunnels, etc.
1 404 level crossings
534 stations
See also
Transport in Rhône-Alpes
SNCF
Transport express régional
Réseau Ferré de France
List of SNCF stations in Rhône-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes
External links
TER Rhône-Alpes website
RFF site
Map of the network
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemins%20de%20fer%20de%20la%20Corse
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Chemins de fer de la Corse () (CFC) is the name of the regional rail network serving the French island of Corsica. It is centred on the town of Ponte Leccia, from which three main lines radiate to Ajaccio, Bastia, and Calvi. The section following the northwest coastline between L'Île-Rousse and Calvi, known as the Balagne line, gives access to many beaches and is very popular with tourists.
A fourth line, running from Casamozza (on the Bastia line) down the east coast of the island to Porto-Vecchio was badly damaged by bombardment during World War II and never reopened.
History
In 1877 it was decided to build a metre-gauge railway in Corsica, despite the very difficult terrain it would have to cross. Legislation was passed on 4 August 1879 for the construction of the railway. The first lines opened on 1 August 1888 between Bastia and Corte and also between Ajaccio and Bocognano. The network was gradually opened in sections until 1894. A line to Porto-Vecchio opened in stages, the final section opening in 1935, but this was to be short lived owing to the war. There were proposals to build lines from Ajaccio to Propriano and also from Porto Vecchio to Bonifacio, but these lines were not built.
In 1955, there was a proposal to close the Calvi – Ponte-Leccia line; and in 1959 another proposal to close the whole network, which was successfully opposed by the railway workers and the citizens of Corsica. In 1972, another proposal for closure was fought off.
Network
With a length of , the network is composed of two lines, both single track:
Ajaccio–Bastia via Ponte-Leccia and Corte, .
Calvi- Ponte Leccia via L'Île-Rousse .
A third line of , opened between 1888 and 1935, serving the east coast; it linked Casamozza to Porto-Vecchio. After suffering much damage during World War II in September 1943, it was never restored, although the section between Casamozza and Folleli remained open until 1953. The track of the disused line, between Casamozza and Moriani, at , is being considered for reopening.
The island's geography and topography has forced the line to follow it. The network has 32 tunnels and 51 bridges and viaducts. The longest tunnel, at , is near Vizzavona. This tunnel, at high, is also the highest on the network. The viaduct at Vecchio, long and high, was designed by Gustave Eiffel.
The CFC is the only metre gauge line in France carrying freight. One train a day operates over the Ajaccio-Bastia line. In winter, the Vizzavona pass is often blocked, and closed to road traffic. Most of the goods wagons are today used for track maintenance purposes.
Stations
Ownership
The network is owned by the government of France and not by Réseau Ferré de France. The Collectivité Territoriale de Corse, CTC, is the concessionary holder of the network, under the act of parliament on regionalisation of railways in France, and is the transport authority and regulator of railway services. The CTC has entrusted the SNCF with the operation of rail servic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkage%20%28linguistics%29
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In historical linguistics, a linkage is a network of related dialects or languages that formed from a gradual diffusion and differentiation of a proto-language.
The term was introduced by Malcolm Ross in his study of Western Oceanic languages . It is contrasted with a family, which arises when the proto-language speech community separates into groups that remain isolated from each other and do not form a network.
Principle
Linkages are formed when languages emerged historically from the diversification of an earlier dialect continuum. Its members may have diverged despite sharing subsequent innovations, or such dialects may have come into contact and so converged. In any dialect continuum, innovations are shared between neighbouring dialects in intersecting patterns. The patterns of intersecting innovations continue to be evident as the dialect continuum turns into a linkage.
According to the comparative method, a group of languages that exclusively shares a set of innovations constitutes a "(genealogical) subgroup". A linkage is thus usually characterised by the presence of intersecting subgroups. The tree model does not allow for the existence of intersecting subgroups and so is ill-suited to represent linkages, which are better approached using the wave model.
The cladistic approach underlying the tree model requires the common ancestor of each subgroup to be discontiguous from other related languages and unable to share any innovation with them after their "separation". That assumption is absent from Ross and François's approach to linkages. Their genealogical subgroups also have languages descended from a common ancestor, as defined by a set of exclusively-shared innovations), but whose common ancestor may not have been discretely separated from its neighbours. For example, a chain of dialects {A B C D E F} may undergo a number of linguistic innovations, some affecting {BCD}, others {CDE}, still others {DEF}. Insofar as each set of dialects was mutually intelligible at the time of the innovations, all can be seen as forming separate languages. Among them, Proto-BCD will be the language ancestral to the subgroup BCD, Proto-CDE the language ancestral to CDE and so on. As for the language descended from dialect D, it will belong simultaneously to three "intersecting subgroups" (BCD, CDE and DEF).
In both the tree and the linkage approaches, genealogical subgroups are strictly defined by their shared inheritance from a common ancestor. Simply, although trees entail that all proto-languages must be discretely separated, the linkage model avoids that assumption. François also claims that a tree can be considered a special case of a linkage in which all subgroups happen to be nested and temporally ordered from broadest to narrowest.
In order to unravel the genealogical structure of linkages, Kalyan and François have designed a dedicated quantitative method, named Historical glottometry.
Examples
An example of a linkage is the one formed by t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image%20Cytometry%20Standard
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The Image Cytometry Standard (ICS) is a digital multidimensional image file format used in life sciences microscopy. It stores not only the image data, but also the microscopic parameters describing the optics during the acquisition.
ICS was first proposed in: P. Dean, L. Mascio, D. Ow, D. Sudar, J. Mullikin, Proposed standard for image cytometry data files, Cytometry, n. 11, pp. 561-569, 1990 .
The original ICS file format actually uses two separate files: a text header file with .ics extension and other, much bigger and with the actual image data, with .ids extension. This allows the compression of the data while leaving the header file accessible. On the other hand, the newer ICS2 file format uses only one single .ics file with both the header and the data together.
The .ics in the two-file format is a text file with fields separated by tabs, and lines ending with a newline character. In the newer ICS2 format this text header precedes the binary data.
The ICS format is capable of storing:
multidimensional and multichannel data
images in 8, 16, 32 or 64 bit integer, 32 or 64 bit floating point and floating point complex data
all microscopic parameters directly relevant to the image formation
free-form comments
External links
Sources for an ICS file reader/writer library released under the LGPL v2.1 license: https://github.com/svi-opensource/libics. Current version is 1.6.5 released August 18, 2021.
Python interface to libics: pylibics
ICS opener for ImageJ.
Bio-Formats for Fiji_(software) / ImageJ.
Graphics file formats
Metadata
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus%20Verts%20du%20Calvados
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Bus Verts du Calvados is a network of interurban buses in the département of Calvados, France. The network is operated on behalf of the Conseil Général du Calvados by Keolis Calvados, a subsidiary of the French Keolis transport group.
Keolis Calvados is the old Courriers Normands company which operated buses in and around Caen after the closure of the Tramways Electriques de Caen in 1935.
Common lines of interest for tourists to the area include the #BV01, running from Caen Gare SNCF to Ouistreham, the #30 connecting Caen to Bayeux, and the #70, which is the most convenient public route to Omaha Beach and Point du Hoc. Tourists are advised to check the schedules closely, as the buses run very infrequently, necessitating careful planning.
References
External links
Bus Verts
Keolis Calvados
Public transport mobility in Basse-Normandie
Bus companies of France
Calvados (department)
Transport in Normandy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAUST%20%28programming%20language%29
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FAUST (Functional AUdio STream) is a domain-specific purely functional programming language for implementing signal processing algorithms in the form of libraries, audio plug-ins, or standalone applications. A FAUST program denotes a signal processor: a mathematical function that is applied to some input signal and then fed out.
Overview
The FAUST programming model combines a functional programming approach with a block diagram syntax:
The functional programming approach provides a natural framework for signal processing. Digital signals are modeled as discrete functions of time, signal processors as second order functions that operate on them, and FAUST's block diagram composition operators, used to combine signal processors together, as third order functions, etc.
Block diagrams, even if purely textual as in FAUST, promote a modular approach to signal processing that complies with sound engineers' and audio developers' habits.
A FAUST program doesn't describe a sound or a group of sounds, but a signal processor. The program source is organized as a set of definitions with at least the definition of the keyword process (the equivalent of main in C):
process = ...;
The FAUST compiler translates FAUST code into a C++ object, which may then interface with other C++ code to produce a full program.
The generated code works at the sample level. It is therefore suited to implement low-level DSP functions like recursive filters. The code may also be embedded. It is self-contained and does not depend on any DSP library or runtime system. It has a very deterministic behavior and a constant memory size.
The semantics of FAUST is driven to be simple and well-defined. It allows the FAUST compiler to be semantically driven. Instead of compiling a program literally, it compiles the mathematical function it denotes. This may promote component reuse. Moreover, having access to the exact semantics of a FAUST program can simplify preservation issues.
FAUST is a textual language but block diagram oriented. It combines two approaches: functional programming and algebraic block diagrams, which are constructed via function composition. For that, FAUST relies on a block diagram algebra of five composition operations.
Example code
FAUST programs define a process function that operates on incoming data. This is analogous to the main function in most programming languages. The following is an example that produces silence:
process = 0;
The second example copies the input signal to the output. It involves the _ primitive that denotes the identity function for signals:
process = _;
Another example sums a stereo signal into a mono signal using the + primitive:
process = +;
Most FAUST primitives are analogous to their C counterpart on numbers, but lifted to signals. For example, the FAUST primitive sin operates on a signal X by applying the C function sin to each sample X[t]. All C numerical functions have their counterpart in FAUST.
Some signal processing primitives
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSSP
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HSSP may refer to:
Homology-derived Secondary Structure of Proteins, a protein database
Port Sudan Military Airport, ICAO airport code HSSP, an airport in Sudan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20bus%20garages%20in%20London
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Every garage operating services that form part of the London bus network has a one or two letter garage code. Such codes are not only for garages operating Transport for London contracts, but also to those operating commercial bus services under London bus agreements. There is also a code for Tramlink. The codes are used internally by London Buses, for administrative purposes.
History
Many of the codes are long-established, going back to London Buses Limited (LBL) (and in many cases earlier) days, and are well known among staff and enthusiasts. There is usually some sort of logic to the code allocated. In the early part of the 20th century, the London General Omnibus Company allocated its garages codes by going through the alphabet — initially A, B, C, etc.; and then AA, AB, AC, etc. Codes allocated since often reflect the geographical name of the garage (e.g. Fulwell, Alperton), New Cross (NX).) although some have since been renamed (HT, Holloway, was called Highgate).
Since the start of tendering in 1985, some codes have also reflected the name of the owning company, examples being AH (Armchair, Brentford), EL (Eastern National, Chelmsford), WI (Wings, Uxbridge), BE (Blue Triangle, Rainham). Such company names may not still be in use today: DX (Arriva London North East, Barking) originates from Dix Travel, which was absorbed into Grey-Green, becoming its Dagenham operation, and subsequently relocated to Barking, and now absorbed by Arriva London. Similarly BT (Sovereign, Edgware) comes from BTS, which was subsequently bought out by Sovereign, and Hounslow Heath code WK originates from Westlink. The official code FR for Metrobus's Crayford base is especially obscure, referring to the original owner, one Chris Freeman of Freeman's Coaches, which was absorbed into Crystals, which subsequently sold out to Tellings-Golden Miller in 2003, who then sold it on to Metrobus in 2005.
In several cases (TB/TC/TL and QB) the code reflects both the location (Bromley/Croydon/Lewisham (Catford), Battersea) and the original owning company (Tilling, Q-Drive). For example TB is Tilling Bromley, QB is Q-Drive Battersea.
Some garage codes have been used for more than one garage over the years, sometimes when an entire garage has moved such as at Peckham (PM), and sometimes when a code has been dormant for some years and then been reused. Some premises have had different codes at different times in their life. Three garages (Ash Grove, Edgware and Fulwell) have two codes, one for each operator.
During the period of operation by London Transport and its predecessors, indeed back to the earliest motor buses in the early 20th century, the garage code was clearly carried on both sides of the vehicle. The code was usually in the form of a metal (later plastic) stencil plate carried in a holder beside the running duty number plate. Latterly, the garage codes took the form of painted stencils or adhesive characters. In the post London Transport/ London Buses period, th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera%20Term
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Tera Term (alternatively TeraTerm) is an open-source, free, software implemented, terminal emulator (communications) program. It emulates different types of computer terminals, from DEC VT100 to DEC VT382. It supports Telnet, SSH 1 & 2 and serial port connections. It also has a built-in macro scripting language (supporting Oniguruma regular expressions) and a few other useful plugins.
History
The first versions of Tera Term were created by T. Teranishi from Japan. At the time, it was the only freely available terminal emulator to effectively support the Japanese language. Original development of Tera Term stopped in the late 1990s at version 2.3, but other organizations have created variations.
In October 2002, Ayera Technologies released TeraTerm Pro 3.1.3 supporting SSH2 and added multiple other features like a built-in web server for API integration with external systems, recurring "keep-alive" commands, and ODBC database support via the TT Macro Scripting Language. Ayera Technologies did not make their source open, but does provide limited technical support.
In 2004, Yutaka Hirata, a software designer from Japan, restarted development of the open source version of Tera Term. He added his own implementation of SSH2 and many new features on top of what was part of version 2.3.
To avoid confusion with version numbers and to indicate that Tera Term developed by Yutaka was more recent than version 3.1.3 from Ayera Technologies, it was decided to give this branch of Tera Term Professional version numbers starting 4.xx.
In January 2005, Boris Maisuradze, together with Yutaka Hirata, started the TeraTerm Support forum where they answered questions from Tera Term users. Posting in this forum was the best way to suggest new features for Tera Term or propose new commands for the Tera Term Macro language. For more than 10 years the forum was hosted on LogMeTT.com website maintained by Boris Maisuradze. Boris also developed several freeware tools that became part of TeraTerm package. Later Boris decided to retire from this project. LogMeTT.com website was shut down and support forums moved to TeraTerm Project site.
Since 2007, Tera Term has been maintained by Tera Term Project (Japanese Developer team) as open source software.
Features
Tera Term supports:
Serial port connections over UART.
TCP/IP (Telnet, SSH1, SSH2) connections.
Log replaying.
Named pipe connection.
IPv6 communication.
VT100 emulation and selected VT200/VT300 emulation.
Tek4010 emulation.
File transfer protocols (Kermit, XMODEM, YMODEM, ZMODEM, B-PLUS and Quick-VAN).
Scripts using the "Tera Term Language".
Common versions
1.4 Last version supporting Win16; source available in Pascal
2.3 Last version released by T. Teranishi
3.1.3 Last version released by Ayera. Has issues with scroll window boundaries. Title bar identifies it as version 3.1
4.xx Latest OSDN release
Sample images
See also
Comparison of SSH clients
PuTTY
Telix - MSDOS era terminal
References
External links
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybertron%20Mission
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Cybertron Mission is a multidirectional shooter released by Micro Power in 1983 for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron and ported to the Commodore 64 in the same year. The game is heavily influenced by the 1982 Atari 8-bit family game Shamus, which was itself inspired by the 1980 arcade game Berzerk.
Gameplay
The player controls a man who has penetrated the electrified Cybertron Fortress, in order to retrieve the priceless treasures within: golden keys, rings and bars.
The player character has 8-directional movement, and may shoot in the direction he is facing. The objective of each level was to find all the listed treasure, and then touch the safe, located at a random position on the level. The amount of treasure required increased by one item every level, up to the maximum of six. Cybertron Mission had four maze-like levels, repeating the series every four levels, with palette shifts in order to make them appear different.
There are four enemy types. Spinners (appearing on all levels) move blindly towards the player, but cannot harm him even when touching, unless he walks into them. Clones (appearing from level 2 onwards) move pseudo-randomly, and shoot in the direction they were moving/facing. Cyberdroids (appearing from level 3 onwards) move in straight lines for a period. They change direction when they hit a wall, see the player, or after a certain period of time. They will fire towards the player. The fourth enemy type is Spook, the ghost of a previous entrant to the fortress. He appears if you spend too long on any one screen, moving towards you and ignoring walls. He cannot be destroyed, but may be paralysed if shot. Touching the electrified walls of the maze kills the player.
Cybertron Mission does not end, each level simply brings a greater number of enemies to fight, which fire more frequently and with greater accuracy.
Reception
Electron User (#1.07, April 1984) concluded, "It's exciting with plenty of variety, excellent graphics and interesting sound effects. You'll be a-mazed. And if you are anything like me, you won't be able to put your Electron down. A winner."
References
External links
Origin of the packaging artwork
1984 video games
BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games
Commodore 64 games
Maze games
Micro Power games
Single-player video games
Multidirectional shooters
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20database
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A spatial database is a general-purpose database (usually a relational database) that has been enhanced to include spatial data that represents objects defined in a geometric space, along with tools for querying and analyzing such data.
Most spatial databases allow the representation of simple geometric objects such as points, lines and polygons. Some spatial databases handle more complex structures such as 3D objects, topological coverages, linear networks, and triangulated irregular networks (TINs). While typical databases have developed to manage various numeric and character types of data, such databases require additional functionality to process spatial data types efficiently, and developers have often added geometry or feature data types.
Geographic database (or geodatabase) is a georeferenced spatial database, used for storing and manipulating geographic data (or geodata, i.e., data associated with a location on Earth), especially in geographic information systems (GIS).
Almost all current relational and object-relational database management systems now have spatial extensions, and some GIS software vendors have developed their own spatial extensions to database management systems.
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) developed the Simple Features specification (first released in 1997) and sets standards for adding spatial functionality to database systems. The SQL/MM Spatial ISO/IEC standard is a part of the structured query language and multimedia standard extending the Simple Features.
Characteristics
The core functionality add by a spatial extension to a database is one or more spatial datatypes, which allow for the storage of spatial data as attribute values in a table. Most commonly, a single spatial value would be a geometric primitive (point, line, polygon, etc.) based on the vector data model. The datatypes in most spatial databases are based on the OGC Simple Features specification for representing geometric primitives. Some spatial databases also support the storage of raster data. Because all geographic locations must be specified according to a spatial reference system, spatial databases must also allow for the tracking and transformation of coordinate systems. In many systems, when a spatial column is defined in a table, it also includes a choice of coordinate system, chosen from a list of available systems that is stored in a lookup table.
The second major functionality extension in a spatial database is the addition of spatial capabilities to the query language (e.g., SQL); these give the spatial database the same query, analysis, and manipulation operations that are available in traditional GIS software. In most relational database management systems, this functionality is implemented as a set of new functions that can be used in SQL SELECT statements. Several types of operations are specified by the Open Geospatial Consortium standard:
Measurement: Computes line length, polygon area, the distance between geomet
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association%20for%20Environment%20Conscious%20Building
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The Association for Environment Conscious Building (AECB) is the leading network for sustainable building professionals in the United Kingdom. Membership of the AECB includes local authorities, housing associations, builders, architects, designers, consultants and manufacturers. The association was founded in 1989 to increase awareness within the construction industry of the need to respect, protect, preserve and enhance the environment and to develop, share and promote best practice in environmentally sustainable building.
Low-carbon building
While the AECB recognises that all aspects of sustainability are important, it believes that climate change threatens to overwhelm its members' achievements in other areas. It is therefore currently focusing on trying to help reduce carbon emissions related to domestic and non-domestic buildings in the UK (around 50% of UK CO emissions – excluding flying – relate to buildings). The association believes that the Government's target of a 60% reduction in CO emissions by 2050 is too little, too late, and that a reduction of at least 85% is required to meet the challenges of climate change.
Low-carbon standards
To promote low-carbon building, the association has developed three advanced energy standards, in order to provide three steps to low energy and low carbon buildings achievable by the UK over the next 40 years. These standards are largely based on the methodology and principles underlying the German Passivhaus movement, developed by the Passivhaus Institut, and are also informed by American, Canadian, Scandinavian and European energy standards and various successful energy efficient building programmes. The standards themselves lie at the centre of a developing education and training programme which the AECB has called the 'Carbon Literate Design and Construction Programme' (CLP).
The AECB standards are : the New Building Standard, Retrofit Standard 1 and Retrofit Standard 2.
The AECB has aimed these Standards at those wishing to create high-performance buildings using widely available technology at little or no extra cost. It estimates that these low-risk options, will reduce overall CO₂ emissions by 70% compared with the UK average for buildings of each type – a result it feels is highly significant given the relative ease and low cost with which these standards could be met.
The AECB, believing that rigorous alternative approaches based on successful overseas' experience for sustainable design and construction have a complementary place alongside UK government initiatives, has been lobbying for the Government's Code for Sustainable Homes to be aligned with its CLP, or at least for the CLP (despite its methodological and base-line measuring differences) to be treated as an alternative official route for effectively designing and delivering low energy and low carbon buildings. The AECB has taken the stance of inviting the design and construction industry to judge for itself, based on actual real wo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuthbert%20Goes%20Digging
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Cuthbert Goes Digging is a 1983 video game for the Dragon 32 home computer. Written by Steve Bak at Microdeal, the game features the hero Cuthbert, who also appears in Cuthbert Goes Walkabout and Cuthbert in the Mines. In the game, the player guides Cuthbert through levels of girders, avoiding 'moronians' fatal to the touch.
The gameplay is basically that of Space Panic: Cuthbert kills moronians by digging holes and causing them to fall down. On later levels, different-colored moronians are harder to kill and must be knocked through two platforms. Cuthbert also faces a time limit on each level, represented by the amount of oxygen remaining. Cuthbert's ability to dig holes can also be used to quickly drop to a lower platform without the use of a ladder.
References
External links
Cuthbert Goes Digging at Tandy Color Computer Games
Cuthbert Goes Digging at MobyGames
1983 video games
Dragon 32 games
Platformers
TRS-80 Color Computer games
Video game clones
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Microdeal games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postcode%20Plants%20Database
|
The Postcode Plants Database was a UK resource for identifying locally native plants and species based on postcode, hosted by the Natural History Museum in London.
This resource has been replaced by the analysis pages on the NBN Atlas website. There you can choose to display any groups of UK wildlife within a radius of any given post-code.
See also
Plants for a Future – online plant database
References
Online botany databases
Natural history of the United Kingdom
Conservation in the United Kingdom
Databases in the United Kingdom
Biology websites
Flora of Great Britain
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airline%20%281982%20TV%20series%29
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Airline is a British television series produced by Yorkshire Television for the ITV network in 1982. The series starred Roy Marsden as Jack Ruskin, a pilot demobbed after the end of the Second World War who starts his own air transport business.
Airline was created by Wilfred Greatorex and lasted for one series of nine episodes broadcast in January and February 1982, with a repeat in the summer of 1984. Other leading cast members were Polly Hemingway, Richard Heffer, Nicholas Bond-Owen, Sean Scanlan and Terence Rigby, while noted guest stars included Anthony Valentine and Walter Gotell (better known for his numerous guest stints as KGB General Gogol in a string of James Bond films during the Cold War era).
Production
The main location filming was at the former RAF Rufforth in Yorkshire, former RAF Duxford airfield in Cambridgeshire and on the island of Malta.
The aerial unit was managed by the Aces High Company, who operated two C-47/DC-3 aircraft for the series: "G-AGIV"/'Alice' (former USAAF and Spanish Air Force C-47A G-BHUB, now in the American Air Museum in Britain at the Imperial War Museum Duxford, painted in its original markings as "W7"/43-15509) – which featured a postwar drop-down airliner door – and the famous C-47A G-DAKS, which was previously used by the Royal Aircraft Establishment and had an extended nose originally used to test Ferranti / Marconi radar for the English Electric Lightning. This aircraft was retired by the RAE and ferried to RAF Catterick's Fire Training Ground to be used as a fire training aid but was saved by Mike Woodlet of Aces High at the last minute, being purchased by him from the UK Ministry of Defence. The extended nose was replaced at Duxford by Aces High's chief engineer to enable the aircraft to appear as "G-AGHY"/'Vera Lynn'. During production, a Taylorcraft Auster and a North American Harvard, rented from private owners, also featured, as did shots of grounded / stored Douglas DC-3's in Malta which were used for the Berlin Airlift scenes in the final episode.
Later events
Although originally planned as a long running series which could run up to the present day, the series ended up being cut short. Towards the end of the production of Airline, Greatorex objected to the editing of the series, which he saw as Yorkshire TV engaging in unauthorised script rewrites. As a result only nine episodes were made. A second series of Airline was planned to start filming in 1983 and additional aircraft had been purchased by Aces High for the production (including the Lockheed Constellation now at the Science Museum at Wroughton) but the dispute resulted in the series being axed by Yorkshire Television. Aces High subsequently moved operations to North Weald airfield in Essex, donating G-BHUB to the IWM and the Constellation to Wroughton, where both remain on display today.
In 1987 the main characters from Airline (along with the theme music by Tony Hatch) appeared in adverts for shares in British Airports Autho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20multiplier
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A binary multiplier is an electronic circuit used in digital electronics, such as a computer, to multiply two binary numbers.
A variety of computer arithmetic techniques can be used to implement a digital multiplier. Most techniques involve computing the set of partial products, which are then summed together using binary adders. This process is similar to long multiplication, except that it uses a base-2 (binary) numeral system.
History
Between 1947 and 1949 Arthur Alec Robinson worked for English Electric Ltd, as a student apprentice, and then as a development engineer. Crucially during this period he studied for a PhD degree at the University of Manchester, where he worked on the design of the hardware multiplier for the early Mark 1 computer.
However, until the late 1970s, most minicomputers did not have a multiply instruction, and so programmers used a "multiply routine"
which repeatedly shifts and accumulates partial results,
often written using loop unwinding. Mainframe computers had multiply instructions, but they did the same sorts of shifts and adds as a "multiply routine".
Early microprocessors also had no multiply instruction. Though the multiply instruction became common with the 16-bit generation,
at least two 8-bit processors have a multiply instruction: the Motorola 6809, introduced in 1978, and Intel MCS-51 family, developed in 1980, and later the modern Atmel AVR 8-bit microprocessors present in the ATMega, ATTiny and ATXMega microcontrollers.
As more transistors per chip became available due to larger-scale integration, it became possible to put enough adders on a single chip to sum all the partial products at once, rather than reuse a single adder to handle each partial product one at a time.
Because some common digital signal processing algorithms spend most of their time multiplying, digital signal processor designers sacrifice considerable chip area in order to make the multiply as fast as possible; a single-cycle multiply–accumulate unit often used up most of the chip area of early DSPs.
Binary long multiplication
The method taught in school for multiplying decimal numbers is based on calculating partial products, shifting them to the left and then adding them together. The most difficult part is to obtain the partial products, as that involves multiplying a long number by one digit (from 0 to 9):
123
× 456
=====
738 (this is 123 × 6)
615 (this is 123 × 5, shifted one position to the left)
+ 492 (this is 123 × 4, shifted two positions to the left)
=====
56088
A binary computer does exactly the same multiplication as decimal numbers do, but with binary numbers. In binary encoding each long number is multiplied by one digit (either 0 or 1), and that is much easier than in decimal, as the product by 0 or 1 is just 0 or the same number. Therefore, the multiplication of two binary numbers comes down to calculating partial products (which are 0 or the first number), shifting them left,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet%20%28programming%29
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Comet is a web application model in which a long-held HTTPS request allows a web server to push data to a browser, without the browser explicitly requesting it. Comet is an umbrella term, encompassing multiple techniques for achieving this interaction. All these methods rely on features included by default in browsers, such as JavaScript, rather than on non-default plugins. The Comet approach differs from the original model of the web, in which a browser requests a complete web page at a time.
The use of Comet techniques in web development predates the use of the word Comet as a neologism for the collective techniques. Comet is known by several other names, including
Ajax Push,
Reverse Ajax, Two-way-web, HTTP Streaming, and
HTTP server push
among others. The term Comet is not an acronym, but was coined by Alex Russell in his 2006 blog post.
In recent years, the standardisation and widespread support of WebSocket and Server-sent events has rendered the Comet model obsolete.
History
Early Java applets
The ability to embed Java applets into browsers (starting with Netscape Navigator 2.0 in March 1996) made two-way sustained communications possible, using a raw TCP socket to communicate between the browser and the server. This socket can remain open as long as the browser is at the document hosting the applet. Event notifications can be sent in any format text or binary and decoded by the applet.
The first browser-to-browser communication framework
The very first application using browser-to-browser communications was Tango Interactive, implemented in 1996–98 at the Northeast Parallel Architectures Center (NPAC) at Syracuse University using DARPA funding. TANGO architecture has been patented by Syracuse University. TANGO framework has been extensively used as a distance education tool. The framework has been commercialized by CollabWorx and used in a dozen or so Command&Control and Training applications in the United States Department of Defense.
First Comet applications
The first set of Comet implementations dates back to 2000, with the Pushlets, Lightstreamer, and KnowNow projects. Pushlets, a framework created by Just van den Broecke, was one of the first open source implementations. Pushlets were based on server-side Java servlets, and a client-side JavaScript library. Bang Networks a Silicon Valley start-up backed by Netscape co-founder Marc Andreessen had a lavishly-financed attempt to create a real-time push standard for the entire web.
In April 2001, Chip Morningstar began developing a Java-based (J2SE) web server which used two HTTP sockets to keep open two communications channels between the custom HTTP server he designed and a client designed by Douglas Crockford; a functioning demo system existed as of June 2001. The server and client used a messaging format that the founders of State Software, Inc. assented to coin as JSON following Crockford's suggestion. The entire system, the client libraries, the messaging format known as JSON
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CER-12
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CER ( – Digital Electronic Computer) model 12 was a third-generation digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia) in 1971 and intended for "business and statistical data processing" (see ref. Lit. #1 and #4). However, the manufacturer also stated, at the time, that having in mind its architecture and performance, it can also be used successfully in solving "wide array of scientific and technical issues" (ref. Lit.#2 and #3). Computer CER-12 consisted of multiple modules connected via wire wrap and connectors.
Central Unit
Primary memory
Type: magnetic core memory
Capacity: up to 8 modules, each consisting of 8 kilowords (1 word = 4 8-bit bytes).
Speed: cycle time: 1 μs, access time 0.4 μs.
Arithmetic unit contains:
32-bit accumulator register
two separate groups of eight 2-byte index registers
single-byte adder supporting both binary and BCD addition (same unit is used for subtraction, multiplication and division had to be implemented in software)
Control Unit
Control unit contains a program counter and instruction registers. It fetches instructions and facilitates program flow. It supports single-operand instruction set and works with all 16 index registers of the arithmetic unit.
Interrupt System
Interrupt system of CER-12 consists of a number of dedicated registers and software. It supports up to 32 interrupt channels.
Control Panel
Control panel of CER-12 allowed the operator to control and alter program flow and/or to eliminate errors detected by error-detection circuitry. It features a number of indicators and switches.
Operating system and other software
Following software was shipped with CER-12:
Operating System
"Symbolic programming language" and assembler (called "autocoder")
Input/output subroutines
A number of test programs
COBOL and FORTRAN IV compilers
Linear programming and PERT planning software
A library of applications and subroutines
Peripherals
5-8 track, 500 characters per second punched tape reader PE 1001
5-8 track, 150 characters per second tape puncher PE 1501
CDC 9432 magnetic disk drive as secondary storage (4,096,000 characters per 6-disk, 10-surface volume organized into 100 cylinders with sixteen 1536-bit (48 processor words) sectors; track-to-track seek: 30 ms; rotational latency: 25 ms)
IBM 1735 teleprinter
ICL 667 line printer (725 lines per minute for 64-character set or 880 lines per minute for 50-character set)
See also
CER Computers
Mihajlo Pupin Institute
History of computer hardware in the SFRY
Literature
Vladislav Paunović: Arithmetic unit of the CER-12 computer, AUTOMATIKA, No 3, pp. 161–165, Zagreb 1971.
Veselin Potić, Mihael Šavikin, I/O system of the CER-12 computer, AUTOMATIKA,No 3, pp. 166–176, Zagreb 1971.
V Batanović, J.Kon (Ed): IMP Riznica znanja, pp. 5–8, M.Pupin Institute and PKS, Belgrade 2006. (in Serbian)
Dušan Hristović: Development of the Computing Technology in Serbia (Razvoj Računarstva u Srbiji), PHLOGISTON journal, No 18-19, pp.89-10
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CER-20
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CER (Serbian: Цифарски Електронски Рачунар / Cifarski Elektronski Računar - Digital Electronic Computer) model 20 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia). It was designed as a functioning prototype of an "electronic bookkeeping machine". The first prototype was planned for 1964.
References
See also
CER Computers
Mihajlo Pupin Institute
History of computer hardware in the SFRY
CER-020
CER computers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everyone%20in%20Silico
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Everyone in Silico is a 2002 post-cyberpunk novel written by Jim Munroe. It was promoted partly by Munroe's attempt to invoice corporations mentioned in the novel for product placement. The title is an intentional reference to an advertising campaign previously run by clothing retailer Gap, one of the companies Munroe sent invoices to.
The novel was published by Munroe's own publishing company, No Media Kings, and an e-book version is available under a Creative Commons license.
Plot
The story is set in Vancouver, 2036.
San Francisco was struck by an earthquake and a company called Self, which is somehow related to Microsoft, set up an AI system to replace the city, with a virtual environment called Frisco.
The story follows several people, both in Vancouver as well as in Frisco.
Reception
Reactions to Everyone in Silico were generally positive, with reviews comparing the work favourably to those of Bruce Sterling, Douglas Coupland and Philip K. Dick. Other reviewers were impressed with the humour and the level of detail presented of life in the novel's futuristic world, although some comment that the complexity of the plot made for a confusing read.
References
External links
2002 Canadian novels
Novels about consumerism
Novels by Jim Munroe
Creative Commons-licensed novels
Novels set in Vancouver
Fiction set in 2036
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host%20%28network%29
|
A network host is a computer or other device connected to a computer network. A host may work as a server offering information resources, services, and applications to users or other hosts on the network. Hosts are assigned at least one network address.
A computer participating in networks that use the Internet protocol suite may also be called an IP host. Specifically, computers participating in the Internet are called Internet hosts. Internet hosts and other IP hosts have one or more IP addresses assigned to their network interfaces. The addresses are configured either manually by an administrator, automatically at startup by means of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or by stateless address autoconfiguration methods.
Network hosts that participate in applications that use the client–server model of computing, are classified as server or client systems. Network hosts may also function as nodes in peer-to-peer applications, in which all nodes share and consume resources in an equipotent manner.
Origins
In operating systems, the term terminal host denotes a time-sharing computer or multi-user software providing services to computer terminals, or a computer that provides services to smaller or less capable devices, such as a mainframe computer serving teletype terminals or video terminals. Other examples of this architecture include a telnet host connected to a telnet server and an xhost connected to an X Window client.
The term Internet host or just host is used in a number of Request for Comments (RFC) documents that define the Internet and its predecessor, the ARPANET. RFC 871 defines a host as a general-purpose computer system connected to a communications network for "... the purpose of achieving resource sharing amongst the participating operating systems..."
While the ARPANET was being developed, computers connected to the network were typically mainframe computer systems that could be accessed from dumb terminals connected via serial ports. Since these terminals did not host software or perform computations themselves, they were not considered hosts as they were not connected to any IP network, and were not assigned IP addresses. User computers connected to the ARPANET at a packet-switching node were considered hosts.
Nodes, hosts, and servers
A network node is any device participating in a network. A host is a node that participates in user applications, either as a server, client, or both. A server is a type of host that offers resources to the other hosts. Typically a server accepts connections from clients who request a service function.
Every network host is a node, but not every network node is a host. Network infrastructure hardware, such as modems, Ethernet hubs, and network switches are not directly or actively participating in application-level functions, and do not necessarily have a network address, and are not considered to be network hosts.
See also
Communication endpoint
End system
Port (computer netwo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covox
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SRT, Inc., doing business as Covox, Inc., was a small, privately owned American technology company active from 1975 to 1994. The company released a number of sound-generating devices for microcomputers and personal computers from the 1980s to the 1990s. They are perhaps best known for the Speech Thing, a digital-to-analog converter that plugs into a parallel port of the IBM Personal Computer. Covox was originally based in Southern California but moved their headquarters to Eugene, Oregon, in the early 1980s.
History
SRT, Inc., was founded by Larry Stewart in Southern California in 1975. Stewart had previously worked in the aerospace industry into the 1960s, where he got the idea for Av-Alarm, a sound-generating device intended to scare off birds from outside locations such as vegetable crops and vineyards. SRT relocated to Eugene, Oregon, in 1982, Stewart finding Oregon to be a cheaper state in which to conduct his business. Around this time, he hired his sons Mike Stewart and Brad Stewart to manage the company. Together they established Covox, Inc., a subsidiary of SRT, in 1982; this subsidiary was dedicated to audio products for microcomputers and personal computers and soon after subsumed the SRT name. Brad Stewart, named the company's vice president, was responsible for the development all of Covox's products. Covox's first product was released in 1984; called the Voice Master, it was a low-cost speech-synthesis board for the Commodore 64, intended for business and education. A successor to this device, the Voice Master II, was released in 1990. By mid-1987, sales of Covox products represented 85 percent of SRT's total sales.
In late 1987, Covox released the Speech Thing, a simple digital-to-analog converter that plugs into a parallel port of the IBM Personal Computer (and compatibles). It was the first sound device for the IBM PC capable of playing digital audio samples. The Speech Thing initially sold poorly but later found widespread adoption among video game developers and multimedia software authors. Disney Interactive later licensed the technology behind the Speech Thing for their own peripheral, the Disney Sound Source. In 1989, Covox released the Sound Master, a full-fledged sound card based on General Instrument's AY-3-8910 programmable sound generator. It was capable of producing three-voice polyphonic music, unlike the Speech Thing, as well as digital sound effects. The Sound Master sold poorly and lacked the widespread support from software developers that the Speech Thing enjoyed, however. They followed up the Sound Master with the Voice Master Key, a voice recognition suite for IBM PCs and compatibles comprising a specialized sound card, speakers, a microphone, and software.
Between May and September 1989, Covox leased a 17,000-square-foot airplane hangar at the Pearson Airpark in Vancouver, Washington, in order to raise more manufacturing lines beyond their Eugene offices. By 1992, the company employed 23 people, generated $
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Security%20Workshop
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World Security Workshop was an anthology series on the ABC radio network, presented by United World Federalists, and its predecessor Americans United for World Government. Twenty-six half-hour episodes were broadcast between 14 November 1946 and 8 May 1947. ABC Radio Vice President Robert Saudek produced the series.
The most notable writers for World Security Workshop were Ray Bradbury, whose script for the episode The Meadow was published in the book The Best One-Act Plays of 1947-1948 and later adapted into a short story; Franklin Schaffner, a spokesperson and copywriter for Americans United for World Government, who would later direct the films Planet of the Apes and Patton; and Broadway composer Irving Caesar, whose musical episode "Sing a Song of Friendship" promoted world unity and peace.
External links
Episode guide
http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/19167629.html
American radio dramas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECATT
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eCATT (extended Computer Aided Test Tool) is a tool for software test automation developed by SAP. eCATT offers a graphical user interface with ABAP script editor and its own command syntax. The capability for recording and for parameterizing the test components is also present.
External links
Another blog for SAP eCATT tool
eCATT Community on Orkut
eCATT Tutorial
Software testing tools
SAP SE
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20the%20Way%20%28TV%20series%29
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All the Way was an Australian television series made by Crawford Productions for the Nine Network in 1988.
The series was set in the 1960s. The first episode took place on the date of the John F. Kennedy assassination. The series examined the life of an Australian family during the decade of Lyndon B. Johnson, the Vietnam War, civil rights activism and The Beatles, linked by three sisters (played by Diana Davidson, Maggie Millar and Rowena Wallace).
A young Dannii Minogue was in the cast. All the Way started as a six-part TV mini-series during April 1988.
A follow-on series screened out of ratings period starting in November 1988. It failed to catch on with audiences and was cancelled after 32 episodes.
Cast
Brenda Addie as Mrs. Birch
Bruce Atkins
Kim Beissel as Medical student
Nikki Coghill as Terry O'Rourke
Vince Colosimo as Joe Bianchi
Ralph Cotterill as Mr. Bower
Diana Davidson as Madeleine
Joe Dolce as Franco
Brenton Foale as Journalist
Stephen Hall as Richard Dodds
Marion Heathfield as Mrs. Hart
Lisa Hensley as Christine Scott
Jim Howes as Professor Thompson
John Lee as Sir Peter Edwin
George Mallaby as George Cutler
Robert Mammone as Mr. Bianchi
Dominic McDonald as Barry Scott
Jacqueline McKenzie as Penelope Seymour
Ben Mendelsohn as Lindsay Seymour
Maggie Millar as Lorna Scott
Dennis Miller as Ray Scott
Dannii Minogue as Penny Seymour
Martin Redpath as Dr. Hart
Marie Redshaw as Miss McKinnon
Wyn Roberts as Maynard
Martin Sacks as Alan Scott
Joy Smithers as Gillian Porter
Peter Sumner as Phillip Seymour
Grigor Taylor as Mike O'Brien
Rowena Wallace as Elaine Seymour
Tim Burns as Student
Reception
The Age called it "awful".
References
External links
Crawford Productions
All the Way at the National Film and Sound Archive
1988 Australian television series debuts
1988 Australian television series endings
Australian television soap operas
Television series by Crawford Productions
Nine Network original programming
Television series set in the 1960s
English-language television shows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%99bork%20Dretowo%20railway%20station
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Lębork Dretowo is a non-operational PKP railway station in Lębork (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Lębork Dretowo article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 27 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Lębork County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation%20Imaging
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Foundation Imaging, Inc. was a CGI visual effects studio, computer animation studio, and post-production editing facility.
History
The company was founded by Paul Beigle-Bryant and Ron Thornton. It pioneered digital imaging for television programming using Newtek's LightWave 3D, originally on Commodore Amiga based Video Toaster workstations.
Dissolution
The company was dissolved after work on season one of Star Trek: Enterprise had been completed and the company assets were sold off in a public auction on December 17, 2002 by Brian Testo Associates, LLC.
Legacy
The company's pioneering work on Babylon 5 popularized using the software package Lightwave 3D on US TV shows for CGI visual effects, which led to it becoming an industry standard throughout the 1990s.
Key animators from the company and Emmy Award-winners Adam "Mojo" Lebowitz and John Teska remain major figures in the visual effects field for their work on shows such as the rebooted Battlestar Galactica and Lost.
Notable works
Babylon 5
Foundation Imaging is best known for their work on the science fiction series Babylon 5, winning an Emmy Award for the pilot episode.
Star Trek franchise
After completing the third season of Babylon 5, they worked on Paramount's Star Trek: Voyager and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (ultimately winning two more Emmy Awards for their work on Voyager).
Foundation Imaging made the exterior views rendered by computer graphics for the Delta Flyer shuttlecraft, from drawings by Rick Sternbach, debuting on Voyager in the "Extreme Risk". They also did the CGI views of the Varro generation ship in the episode "The Disease" for example.
The company also worked on Robert Wise's director's cut of Star Trek: The Motion Picture. This was one of Foundation Imaging's last projects before they shut down. Lebowitz also worked with Paramount Plus on the film's 2022 restoration.
Batman CG visuals
While working on Star Trek, the company provided CG visuals for the Warner Brothers direct-to-video animated movies based on the Batman: The Animated Series TV series.
Project history
Movies
The Jackal (1997)
Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero (1998)
Today's Life (2000)
The Legend of Zu (2001) (Blood Sea sequence)
They Crawl (2001)
Project Viper (2002)
The Extreme Team (2003)
Chrome (2005)
Live action series
Babylon 5 (1993 - 1996) (seasons 1-3)
Hypernauts (1995 - 1996) (season 1)
Star Trek: Voyager (1996 - 2001) (seasons 3-7)
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1997 - 1999) (the season 5 finale, seasons 6-7)
Young Hercules (1998 - 1999)
Dawson's Creek (2000) (single episode water effects)
Star Trek: Enterprise (2001 - 2002) (season 1)
Animated series
Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles (1999)
Max Steel (2001)
Dan Dare (2002)
Video games
Twisted Metal: Black (2001) (CG movie and visual effects)
DVD
Star Trek: The Motion Picture (DVD director's edition)
Awards
1993 Emmy Award – Babylon 5 – Outstanding Individual Achievement In Special Visual Effects:
Paul Beigle-Bryant, Computer Ima
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osowo%20L%C4%99borskie%20railway%20station
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Osowo Lęborskie is a non-operational PKP railway station in Osowo Lęborskie (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
Resource
Osowo Lęborskie article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 27 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Lębork County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cewice%20railway%20station
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Cewice is a non-operational PKP railway station in Cewice (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Cewice article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 27 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Lębork County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskowo%20railway%20station
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Oskowo is a non-operational PKP railway station in Oskowo (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Oskowo article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 27 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Lębork County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resident%20monitor
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In computing, a resident monitor is a type of system software program that was used in many early computers from the 1950s to 1970s. It can be considered a precursor to the operating system. The name is derived from a program which is always present in the computer's memory, thus being "resident". Because memory was very limited on those systems, the resident monitor was often little more than a stub that would gain control at the end of a job and load a non-resident portion to perform required job cleanup and setup tasks.
On a general-use computer using punched card input, the resident monitor governed the machine before and after each job control card was executed, loaded and interpreted each control card, and acted as a job sequencer for batch processing operations. The resident monitor could clear memory from the last used program (with the exception of itself), load programs, search for program data and maintain standard input-output routines in memory.
Similar system software layers were typically in use in the early days of the later minicomputers and microcomputers before they gained the power to support full operating systems.
Current use
Resident monitor functionality is present in many embedded systems, boot loaders, and various embedded command lines. The original functions present in all resident monitors are augmented with present-day functions dealing with boot time hardware, disks, ethernet, wireless controllers, etc. Typically, these functions are accessed using a serial terminal or a physical keyboard and display, if attached. Such a resident monitor is frequently called a debugger, boot loader, command-line interface (CLI), etc. The original meaning of serial-accessed or terminal-accessed resident monitor is not frequently used, although the functionality remained the same, and was augmented.
Typical functions of a resident monitor include examining and editing ram and/or ROM (including flash EEPROM) and sometimes special function registers, the ability to jump into code at a specified address, the ability to call code at a given address, the ability to fill an address range with a constant such as 0x00, and several others. More advanced functions include local disassembly to processor assembly language instructions, and even assembly and writing into flash memory from code typed by the operator. Also, code can be downloaded and uploaded from various sources, and some advanced monitors support a range of network protocols to do so as well as formatting and reading FAT and other filesystems, typically from flash memory on USB or CFcard buses.
For embedded processors, many "in-circuit debuggers" with software-only mode use resident monitor concepts and functions that are frequently accessed by a GUI IDE. They are not different from the traditionally serial line accessed resident monitor command lines, but users are not aware of this. At the latest, developers and advanced users will discover these low level embedded res
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QMR
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QMR may refer to:
QMR.fm, an internet radio station
A Krylov subspace algorithm
The QMR effect
Queen's Medical Review, a student-run publication for Queen's School of Medicine students
Quest Master's Realm - an exciting new Indie MMORPG
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonparametric%20regression
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Nonparametric regression is a category of regression analysis in which the predictor does not take a predetermined form but is constructed according to information derived from the data. That is, no parametric form is assumed for the relationship between predictors and dependent variable. Nonparametric regression requires larger sample sizes than regression based on parametric models because the data must supply the model structure as well as the model estimates.
Definition
In nonparametric regression, we have random variables and and assume the following relationship:
where is some deterministic function. Linear regression is a restricted case of nonparametric regression where is assumed to be affine.
Some authors use a slightly stronger assumption of additive noise:
where the random variable is the `noise term', with mean 0.
Without the assumption that belongs to a specific parametric family of functions it is impossible to get an unbiased estimate for , however most estimators are consistent under suitable conditions.
List of general-purpose nonparametric regression algorithms
This is a non-exhaustive list of non-parametric models for regression.
nearest neighbors, see nearest-neighbor interpolation and k-nearest neighbors algorithm
regression trees
kernel regression
local regression
multivariate adaptive regression splines
smoothing splines
neural networks
Examples
Gaussian process regression or Kriging
In Gaussian process regression, also known as Kriging, a Gaussian prior is assumed for the regression curve. The errors are assumed to have a multivariate normal distribution and the regression curve is estimated by its posterior mode. The Gaussian prior may depend on unknown hyperparameters, which are usually estimated via empirical Bayes.
The hyperparameters typically specify a prior covariance kernel. In case the kernel should also be inferred nonparametrically from the data, the critical filter can be used.
Smoothing splines have an interpretation as the posterior mode of a Gaussian process regression.
Kernel regression
Kernel regression estimates the continuous dependent variable from a limited set of data points by convolving the data points' locations with a kernel function—approximately speaking, the kernel function specifies how to "blur" the influence of the data points so that their values can be used to predict the value for nearby locations.
Regression trees
Decision tree learning algorithms can be applied to learn to predict a dependent variable from data. Although the original Classification And Regression Tree (CART) formulation applied only to predicting univariate data, the framework can be used to predict multivariate data, including time series.
See also
Lasso (statistics)
Local regression
Non-parametric statistics
Semiparametric regression
Isotonic regression
Multivariate adaptive regression splines
References
Further reading
External links
HyperNiche, software for nonparametric
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSIG
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TSIG (transaction signature) is a computer-networking protocol defined
in RFC 2845. Primarily it enables the Domain Name System (DNS) to authenticate updates to a DNS database. It is most commonly used to update Dynamic DNS or a secondary/slave DNS server. TSIG uses shared secret keys and one-way hashing to provide a cryptographically secure means of authenticating each endpoint of a connection as being allowed to make or respond to a DNS update.
Although queries to DNS may usually be made without authentication, updates to DNS must be authenticated, since they make lasting changes to the structure of the Internet naming system. As the update request may arrive via an insecure channel (the Internet), one must take measures to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the request. The use of a key shared by the client making the update and the DNS server helps to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the update request. A one-way hashing function serves to prevent malicious observers from modifying the update and forwarding on to the destination, thus ensuring integrity of the message from source to destination.
A timestamp is included in the TSIG protocol to prevent recorded responses from being reused, which would allow an attacker to breach the security of TSIG. This places a requirement on dynamic DNS servers and TSIG clients to contain an accurate clock. Since DNS servers are connected to a network, the Network Time Protocol can provide an accurate time source.
DNS updates, like queries, are normally transported via UDP since it requires lower overhead than TCP. However, DNS servers support both UDP and TCP requests.
Implementation
An update, as specified in RFC 2136, is a set of instructions to a DNS server. These include a header, the zone to be updated, the prerequisites that must be satisfied, and the record(s) to be updated. TSIG adds a final record, which includes a timestamp and the hash of the request. It also includes the name of the secret key that was used to sign the request. RFC 2535 has recommendations on the form of the name.
The response to a successful TSIG update will also be signed with a TSIG record. Failures are not signed to prevent an attacker from learning anything about the TSIG key using specially crafted update "probes".
The nsupdate program can use TSIG to do DNS updates.
The TSIG record is in the same format as the other records in the update request. The meaning of the fields is described in RFC 1035.
Alternatives to TSIG
Although TSIG is widely deployed, there are several problems with the protocol:
It requires distributing secret keys to each host which must make updates.
Although still in common usage, the HMAC-MD5 digest is no longer considered very secure. HMAC-SHA256 is preferred.
As a result, a number of alternatives and extensions have been proposed.
RFC 2137 specifies an update method using a public key "SIG" DNS record. A client holding the corresponding private key can sig
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLEX
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PLEX or Plex may refer to:
PLEX (programming language), a special-purpose, concurrent, real-time programming language
Plex Inc., an American company that develops a client–server media player platform and streaming media services
Plex Systems, a software company based in Troy, Michigan
IBM Plex, an open source typeface superfamily
Pilot License Extension, an item in the video game Eve Online that adds game time to an account
Plasma exchange, a type of plasmapheresis where patient's blood plasma is removed and blood products are given in replacement
Plex, a robotic character on the children's television show Yo Gabba Gabba!
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner%20%28disambiguation%29
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A mariner is a sailor.
Mariner or Mariners may also refer to:
Computing
CBL-Mariner, a free and open source cloud infrastructure operating system based on Linux and developed by Microsoft
Mariner (browser engine), a canceled project to enhance the Netscape Communicator suite of web browsers
Films
Mariner (film), 2016 Canadian film directed by Thyrone Tommy
Literature
The Mariner (newspaper), an English-language newspaper in Toulouse, France
Mariner Books, a division of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Mariner Group, a chain of weekly newspapers
Music
The Mariners (vocal group), a mid 20th century pop and gospel vocal group associated with Arthur Godfrey
Mariner (album), a 2016 album Cult of Luna and Julie Christmas
"Mariners Apartment Complex", a song by Lana Del Rey on the 2019 album Norman Fucking Rockwell!
Places
Mariner Glacier, a major glacier descending southeast from the plateau of Victoria Land
Mariner Mountain, a mountain on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
Mariner oilfield, an oilfield in the North Sea off Scotland
Mariners Harbor, Staten Island, a neighborhood in the northwestern part Staten Island
Mariners' Harbor station, a station on the abandoned North Shore Branch of the Staten Island Railway
Sports
Arizona League Mariners, a minor league baseball team in Peoria, Arizona
Baltimore Mariners, an American indoor football team
Bellingham Mariners, a former Minor League Baseball team based in Bellingham, Washington
Central Coast Mariners FC, an Australian association football team
Gijón Mariners, a Spanish American football team
Grimsby Town F.C., an English football team, nicknamed the Mariners
Harwich Mariners, a collegiate summer baseball team based in Harwich, Massachusetts
Hunter Mariners, an Australian former rugby league football club which participated in the short-lived Super League
Maine Mariners (AHL), a professional ice hockey team based in Portland, Maine, from 1977 to 1992
Maine Mariners (ECHL), a professional ice hockey team based in Portland, Maine, since 2018
Merchant Marine Mariners, any of the United States Merchant Marine Academy's intercollegiate sports teams
Mohun Bagan, a professional football club based in West Bengal, India, nicknamed the Mariners
San Diego Mariners, an American World Hockey Association team
Seattle Mariners, an American Major League Baseball team
Mariner Moose, the team mascot of the Seattle Mariners
Virginia Beach Mariners, an American United Soccer Leagues team
Yarmouth Mariners, a Canadian Maritime Junior A Hockey League team
Mariners, a fan club of Mohun Bagan A.C. or West Bengal
Vehicles
Ships
HMS Mariner, a list of ships of the Royal Navy
GSI Mariner, a Canadian research/survey ship
HMS Mariner (1801), a gun-brig of the Royal Navy
HMS Mariner (1846), an Acorn-class brig-sloop of the Royal Navy
HMS Juno (1844) or HMS Mariner, a 26-gun sixth-rate
HMS Mariner (1884), a Mariner-class composite screw sloop
HMS Mariner (J380)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LibraryThing
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LibraryThing is a social cataloging web application for storing and sharing book catalogs and various types of book metadata. It is used by authors, individuals, libraries, and publishers.
Based in Portland, Maine, LibraryThing was developed by Tim Spalding and went live on August 29, 2005, on a freemium subscriber business model, because "it was important to have customers, not an 'audience' we sell to advertisers." They focused instead on making a series of products for academic libraries. Motivated by the cataloguing opportunities and financial challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the service went "free to all" on March 8, 2020, while maintaining a promise to never use advertising on registered users. it has 2,600,000 users and over 155 million books catalogued, drawing data from Amazon and from thousands of libraries that use the Z39.50 cataloguing protocol.
Features
The primary feature of LibraryThing (LT) is the cataloging of books, movies, music and other media by importing data from libraries through Z39.50 connections and from six Amazon.com stores. Library sources supply Dublin Core and MARC records to LT; users can import information from over 2000 libraries, including the British Library, Canadian National Catalogue, Library of Congress, National Library of Australia, and Yale University. Should a record not be available from any of these sources, it is also possible to input the book information manually via a blank form.
Each work may comprise different editions, translations, printings, audio versions, etc. Members are encouraged to add publicly visible reviews, descriptions, Common Knowledge and other information about a work; ratings, collections and tags help categorization. Discussion in the forums is also encouraged.
Items are classified using the Melvil Decimal System, based on the out-of-copyright 1922 edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification with modifications for standard spelling of division names (as opposed to the original names, which were spelled in accordance with Dewey's advocated spelling reforms), and modernised terminology.
Social features
LibraryThing's social features have been compared to bookmark manager Del.icio.us and the collaborative music service Last.fm. Similar book cataloging sites include aNobii, BookLikes, Goodreads, Libib, Shelfari (now merged with Goodreads), and weRead.
TinyCat
In 2016, LibraryThing launched TinyCat, an OPAC designed for the cataloging and circulation of libraries of up to 20,000 items. TinyCat is marketed towards small independent libraries, such as schools, community centers, religious institutions, academic departments, as well as individuals.
Ownership
LibraryThing is majority owned by founder Tim Spalding. Online bookseller AbeBooks bought a 40% share in LibraryThing in May 2006 for an undisclosed sum. AbeBooks became a subsidiary of Amazon in 2008. In January 2009, Cambridge Information Group acquired a minority stake in LibraryThing, and their subsi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czarna%20D%C4%85br%C3%B3wka%20railway%20station
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Czarna Dąbrówka is a non-operational PKP railway station in Czarna Dąbrówka (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Czarna Dąbrówka article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 27 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KNTS-LP
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KNTS-LP (channel 17) was a low-power television station in Natchitoches, Louisiana, United States.
In 1998, CP-Tel Network Services, a local Internet services provider, acquired a former Italian restaurant to convert it into studios for the station. KNTS-LP went on the air in June and was affiliated with America One and FamilyNet; the studios were completed later, at which time the station was added to local cable systems. Weekday newscasts, originally at 6 p.m. and eventually also at 10 p.m., were added beginning in March 1999; the station also produced shows covering Northwestern State University and high school sports.
KNTS-LP ceased local operations and news production on March 31, 2001. CP-Tel president Richard Gill cited insufficient advertising revenue, rising costs, and the failure to secure a network affiliation. The station was then sold to Sanphyl Broadcasting Network; it continued to air local sports and church services. It moved from channel 17 to channel 19 in 2012.
Despite its broadcast in analog, KNTS-LP had a digital translator, KNYS-LD (channel 27). Sanphyl Broadcast Network surrendered the licenses for KNTS-LP and KNYS-LD to the Federal Communications Commission on February 15, 2021; the FCC cancelled both licenses the same day.
References
Low-power television stations in Louisiana
Television channels and stations established in 1998
1998 establishments in Louisiana
Defunct television stations in the United States
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2021
2021 disestablishments in Louisiana
Defunct mass media in Louisiana
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOZL-TV
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KOZL-TV (channel 27) is a television station in Springfield, Missouri, United States, affiliated with MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Osage Beach–licensed Fox affiliate KRBK (channel 49); Nexstar also provides certain services to CBS affiliate KOLR (channel 10) under a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Mission Broadcasting. The stations share studios on East Division Street in Springfield, while KOZL-TV's transmitter is located on Switchgrass Road, north of Fordland.
History
Early history
The station first signed on the air in 1968 as KMTC; founded by Meyer Communications, it originally operated as the market's first full-time ABC affiliate. It originally operated from studios located on East Cherry Street in Springfield. Prior to its sign-on, ABC programming had been limited to off-hours clearances on KYTV (channel 3) and KTTS-TV (channel 10, now KOLR) from their respective sign-ons in October and March 1953. Although the Springfield market had had a large enough population to support three full-time network affiliates since the 1950s, prospective station owners were skeptical about launching a UHF station in a market that stretched across a large and mostly mountainous swath of Missouri and Arkansas. UHF stations have never gotten very good reception across large areas or rugged terrain. In 1980, the station adopted the on-air brand "C-27". In 1985, the station was purchased by Woods Communications; after the sale was finalized, channel 27 changed its call letters to KDEB-TV (named after Deborah Woods, the daughter of the president of Woods Communications).
As a Fox affiliate
In January 1985, KMTC renewed its ABC affiliation. The following month, TV syndicator Telepictures, who had recently purchased cross-town independent KSPR (channel 33), attempted to persuade ABC to make an affiliation agreement via a presentation to the network. ABC then convinced KMTC to develop their own presentation for the network that would defend the station's right to keep the affiliation. After seeing the presentations, ABC remained uncertain about whether or not to change affiliations, but agreed to remain with KMTC for the remainder of 1985, after which Woods closed on the purchase of the station, now renamed KDEB. It was decided that the purchase price on the station would be lowered if ABC yanked its programs off of KDEB by July 1986.
On April 3, 1986, ABC terminated its affiliation agreement with KDEB and moved it to KSPR. Woods later successfully sued the network for fraud, but ultimately lost the case on appeal. KDEB briefly became an independent station, then opted to become a charter affiliate of Fox, which launched on October 9, 1986. In 1993, Woods sold the station to Banam Broadcasting, a subsidiary of BankAmerica. Banam sold KDEB along with three of its stations (WTVW in Evansville, Indiana, KARD in West Monroe, Louisiana, and KLBK-TV in Lubbock, Texas) to Petracom Broadcasting in 1995. In 1998, Petracom sold KDEB-TV t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20reflective%20programming%20languages%20and%20platforms
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Programming languages and platforms that typically support reflection include dynamically typed languages such as Smalltalk, Perl, PHP, Python, VBScript, and JavaScript. Also the .NET Languages are supported and the Maude system of rewriting logic. Very rarely there are some non-dynamic or unmanaged languages, notable examples being Delphi, eC and Objective-C.
APL
Befunge
BlitzMax
ColdFusion MX
Curl
D
Delphi
eC
ECMAScript a.k.a. ActionScript, JavaScript, JScript
Eiffel
Factor
Forth
Go
Io
Java (see java.lang.reflect)
Java virtual machine
Julia
Lisp
Logo
Logtalk
Lua
Mathematica
Maude system
.NET Common Language Runtime
C#
F#
Visual Basic .NET
Delphi (.NET variant)
Windows PowerShell
Oberon
Object Pascal
Perl
PHP
Pico
PL/SQL
POP-11
Poplog
Prolog
Python
R
REBOL
Ruby
Scheme
Smalltalk
Pharo
Bistro
Squeak
Self
SuperCollider
Snobol
Tcl
XOTcl
Visual FoxPro
Xojo
Wolfram Language
Lists of programming languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuthbert%20Goes%20Walkabout
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Cuthbert Goes Walkabout is a maze video game written by Steve Bak for the Dragon 32/64 and published by Microdeal in 1983. A TRS-80 Color Computer port was released the same year. Atari 8-bit family and Commodore 64 versions followed in 1984. The game features the character Cuthbert (who also appeared in Cuthbert Goes Digging, Cuthbert in Space, Cuthbert in the Jungle and Cuthbert in the Mines). The game is based on the Konami arcade game Amidar.
Gameplay
The player guides Cuthbert around a grid-like level of squares. If all the squares are filled, and Cuthbert successfully avoids the monsters and finishes before the time runs out, the player progresses to the next level.
References
1983 video games
Atari 8-bit family games
Commodore 64 games
Dragon 32 games
Maze games
Microdeal games
Single-player video games
TRS-80 Color Computer games
Video game clones
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP%20NetWeaver%20Master%20Data%20Management
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SAP NetWeaver Master Data Management (SAP NW MDM) is a component of SAP's NetWeaver product group and is used as a platform to consolidate, cleanse and synchronise a single version of the truth for master data within a heterogeneous application landscape. It has the ability to distribute internally and externally to SAP and non-SAP applications. SAP MDM is a key enabler of SAP Service-Oriented Architecture. Standard system architecture would consist of a single central MDM server connected to client systems through SAP Exchange Infrastructure using XML documents, although connectivity without SAP XI can also be achieved. There are five standard implementation scenarios:
Content Consolidation - centralised cleansing, de-duplication and consolidation, enabling key mapping and consolidated group reporting in SAP BI. No re-distribution of cleansed data.
Master Data Harmonisation - as for Content Consolidation, plus re-distribution of cleansed, consolidated master data.
Central Master data management - as for Master Data Harmonisation, but all master data is maintained in the central MDM system. No maintenance of master data occurs in the connected client systems.
Rich Product Content Management - Catalogue management and publishing. Uses elements of Content Consolidation to centrally store rich content (images, PDF files, video, sound etc.) together with standard content in order to produce product catalogues (web or print). Has standard adapters to export content to Desktop Publishing packages.
Global Data Synchronization - provides consistent trade item information exchange with retailers through data hubs (e.g. 1SYNC)
Some features (for example, workflow) require custom development out of the box to provide screens for end users to use.
History
SAP is currently on its second iteration of MDM software. Facing limited adoption of its initial release, SAP changed direction and in 2004 purchased a small vendor in the PIM space called A2i. This code has become the basis for the currently shipping SAP MDM 5.5, and as such, most analysts consider SAP MDM to be more of a PIM than a general MDM product at this time.
SAP NetWeaver MDM 7.1 was released in ramp-up shipment in November 2008 and unrestricted shipment in May 2009. This new version has an enhanced MDM technology foundation to build pre-packaged business scenarios and integration.
Recognition
Two of the top three finalists of the Gartner MDM Excellence Awards 2009 were SAP NetWeaver MDM customers: Kraft Foods and BP ranked 1st and 2nd by a team of Gartner analysts, based on their successful implementations of very complex MDM projects.
References
SAP NetWeaver Master Data Management 7.1 Help
Gartner Magic Quadrant for Master Data Management of Customer Data Solutions
External links
SAP NetWeaver MDM discussions, blogs, documents and videos on the SAP Community Network (SCN)
SAP MDM Page
SAP acquires A2i to boost data management capabilities
Master Data Management
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatures%20II%3A%20Torture%20Trouble
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Creatures II: Torture Trouble is a platform game for the Commodore 64 computer, released in 1992. It was developed by Apex Computer Productions, the company started by two brothers, John Rowlands (who wrote the code) and Steve Rowlands (who created the graphics and music). It is the sequel to Creatures.
Gameplay
The game is composed of three islands, each with a set of stages that have to be completed. During torture screens, interludes, and island-hopping levels, bonus coins can be gathered for extra lives.
Torture screens
These levels offer a Heath Robinson situation in which one of Clyde's children has been placed. The player must figure out which actions to take in order to free his child. For example, in the first level shown in the screenshot, the player must navigate over the stepping stones and push the bomb down to the loose rock; then he must kill the monster in the middle and light the bomb. After this is done, the player must shoot the switch that is attached to the bicycle, detaching it from the generator and freeing his child. If this is not done in time, the child will be transported by the conveyor belt until he is under the rock-crushing machine, at which point he will be reduced to pulp.
Interludes
Following each torture screen are the interludes. These levels are fairly straightforward. A monster at the top right of the screen will throw Clyde's child over the edge. The player must then use the stretcher as a trampoline, bouncing the child safely to the other side.
Demon screens
After two torture screens and two interludes come the demon screens. The player must kill three demons of increasing size, by kicking small animals secreted from a Bug-O-Matic into pneumatic tubes at either end of the screen.
Island hoppin'
After clearing an island, it is time to move onto the next island. During Island Hoppin', Clyde is wearing scuba gear and must transport his children across a series of islands while avoiding various dangerous animals and monsters.
End sequence
After the last demon family has been destroyed, an end sequence follows wherein Clyde and his children capture the last remaining monster and kill it with a chainsaw.
Cheats
The built-in cheat in Creatures II is unorthodox. To gain infinite lives, the player must wait for the credits screen to appear, then wet their finger and quickly rub it across Joystick Port One. A big picture of Maximus Mouse (from the games Summer Camp and Winter Camp by Thalamus) will appear, waving his arms every time the player rubs their finger across the port. The player must repeatedly rub the port until Maximus Mouse turns grey, at which point the Fuzzy fountain will also flash to confirm that the cheat is now active.
Reception
Creatures II was awarded 97% in Zzap!64 and 90% in Commodore Format.
See also
Mayhem in Monsterland
References
External links
GameStone UK
1992 video games
Apex Computer Productions games
Commodore 64 games
Commodore 64-only games
Platformers
Single-player v
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatures%20%281990%20video%20game%29
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Creatures is a platform game for the Commodore 64 computer developed by Apex Computer Productions and released in 1990. The game was made by two brothers who were founders of the company, John Rowlands (programming) and Steve Rowlands (music and visual design). It was later ported by WJS Design for Atari ST and released in 1992 and to the Amiga in 1993.
The backronym "Clyde Radcliffe Exterminates All The Unfriendly Repulsive Earth-ridden Slime" is used as a subtitle for the game.
The game was followed by Creatures II: Torture Trouble in 1992.
Plot
The game takes place on a fictional planet called Blot. This planet was previously an inhabitable place for a race of creatures called Blotians, but they were in great danger and had to build a spaceship and search for another suitable planet. The creatures were renamed the Fuzzy Wuzzies. The spaceship they built had to land due to a collision with an asteroid, and the only planet near them was Earth. Fuzzy Wuzzies landed in the Pacific Ocean near an unknown island where they built a city and named the island “The Happiest Place in The Known Universe”.
Another type of creature that is found in the game are demons. They live on the other side of the island that Fuzzy Wuzzies are living on. The characteristics of these two in-game creatures made them natural enemies. Demons invited the Fuzzy Wuzzies to a big party, captured them and locked them all up in a torture chamber.
The protagonist of the game is Clyde Radcliffe, a Fuzzy Wuzzy, who left the party before the demons capture of Fuzzy Wuzzies. The game is about the journey of Clyde Radcliffe trying to save his species from the torture chambers of demons.
Reception
The development of the game was chronicled in Zzap!64 magazines.
ZZap64 gave Creatures a score of 96%, Gold Medal (issue 12/90).
See also
Mayhem in Monsterland
Further reading
"The Making of Creatures", Retro Gamer (March 31, 2014)
"Creatures", ST Format issue #47 (June 1993)
"Creatures review", Eurogamer (Oct 26, 2007)
"Creatures review", Computer and Video Games (March 1991)
"Creatures review", Commodore Format issue #6 (March 1991)
"Creatures review", Your Commodore issue #74 (Dec 1990)
"Creatures review", Zzap!64 issue #68
External links
Creatures at Lemon64
Creatures on the Amiga at The Hall of Light (HOL)
Creatures on the Atari ST at The Little Green Desktop
GameStone UK
1990 video games
Amiga games
Apex Computer Productions games
Atari ST games
Cancelled ZX Spectrum games
Commodore 64 games
Platformers
Single-player video games
Thalamus Ltd games
Video games about extraterrestrial life
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set on fictional islands
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Bellamy
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Thomas Rhys Bellamy is a British musician. He is the multi-instrumentalist responsible for contributing guitar, bass, synthesizer, keyboards, trumpet, programming, samples, melodica, harmonica, percussion, toy piano, bowed guitar, decks, FX/beats, vocals and lyrics in the band the Cooper Temple Clause. He is also a keen DJ and has remixed several songs by the Cooper Temple Clause as part of his side project, Rhysmix. Following the split of the band, Bellamy has turned his full attention to remixing and DJing under the Rhysmix alias. He is currently collaborating with DJ Eddy Temple-Morris under the name Losers, remixing and producing music in the Bleak House, a studio in rural Berkshire that formerly housed the Cooper Temple Clause.
Originally the lead guitarist of the band, Bellamy began to experiment with guitar pedals, synthesisers and a variety of other instruments, passing the role of lead guitarist to bandmate Dan Fisher. He wrote the lyrics to "Talking to a Brick Wall", "Into My Arms" and "In Your Prime" for their 2003 album Kick Up the Fire, and Let the Flames Break Loose.
Prior to the release of 2007's Make This Your Own, songs featuring Bellamy on lead vocals tended to be B-sides; however the band's third album saw an increase in the number of tracks he contributed lead vocals to.
Rhysmix
Rhysmix (pronounced "Reesemix") is Bellamy's DJing alias. The name is a pun on the word "remix" and Bellamy's Welsh middle name, Rhys.
Bellamy's origins as a guitar player led to his growing interest in the potential of guitar pedals in developing sound and distortion. Bellamy eventually expanded into keyboards and synthesisers, gradually beginning to represent The Cooper Temple Clause as a DJ at post-gig slots (with bandmate Jon Harper) and other events offered to him. Regular sets allowed Bellamy an insight into dance/rock remixes, progressing from the electro-based contributions he continued to contribute to The Cooper Temple Clause, alongside guitar and vocals.
Throughout the period prior to the release of the band's third studio album Make This Your Own, Bellamy was influenced by the music of acts such as Soulwax and Simian Mobile Disco to further pursue remixing. Bellamy remixed the band's first single from the new album, Homo Sapiens, calling his production a "rhysmix". The track came to the attention of radio DJ Eddy Temple-Morris and began receiving weekly airplays on XFM's remix show; The Remix. It was also included in the notable "remix bombs" of the year on XFM.
These early successes inspired Bellamy to remix some of the band's other singles, including "Waiting Game" and "Head", the latter remix being released as an official track on the Cooper Temple Clause's Head EP in 2007.
In January 2007, Temple-Morris collaborated with Bellamy in the studio to remix "Check" by Belgian band Goose. The partnership mixed Bellamy's love of electro music with Temple-Morris's passion for Pendulum-esque hooks. The "rhysmix" of "Head" prompted Temple-Mo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Caesars%20%28TV%20series%29
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The Caesars is a British television series produced by Granada Television for the ITV network in 1968. Made in black-and-white and written and produced by Philip Mackie, it covered dramatic territory similar to that of the later BBC adaptation of I, Claudius, dealing with the lives of the early emperors of Ancient Rome, but differed in its less sensationalist depictions of historical characters and their motives; in particular, the Emperor Tiberius is portrayed much more sympathetically.
Major cast
The major cast included:
Roland Culver as Augustus
Eric Flynn as Germanicus
André Morell as Tiberius
Barrie Ingham as Sejanus
Ralph Bates as Caligula
Freddie Jones as Claudius
Sonia Dresdel as Livia
Nicola Pagett as Messalina
Suzan Farmer as Livilla
William Corderoy as Drusus Julius Caesar
Derek Newark as Agrippa Postumus
Caroline Blakiston as Agrippina the Elder
Martin Potter as Nero Julius Caesar
Jonathan Collins as Tiberius Gemellus
Pollyanna Williams as Julia Drusilla
Jenny White as Julia Livilla
Karol Keyes as Agrippina the Younger
Barbara Murray as Milonia Caesonia
Jerome Willis as Naevius Sutorius Macro
Kevin Stoney as Thrasyllus of Mendes
Donald Eccles as Marcus Cocceius Nerva
John Phillips as Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso
John Paul as Cassius Chaerea
Joan Heath as Munatia Plancina
Wanda Ventham as Ennia Thrasylla
Sean Arnold as Marcus Aemlius Lepidus
John Normington as Gaius Julius Callistus
John Woodvine as Publius Vitellius the Younger
Gerald Harper as Lucius Vitellius the Elder
Mark Hawkins as Mnester
Roger Rowland as Quintus Veranius
Charles Lloyd-Pack as Crispus
George Sewell as Ennius
Episode list
All six episodes were written by Philip Mackie and directed by Derek Bennett.
DVD release
The Caesars was released on DVD (Region 2, UK) by Network in April 2006.
External links
ITV television dramas
Period television series
Television dramas set in ancient Rome
1968 British television series debuts
1968 British television series endings
1960s British drama television series
1960s British television miniseries
Television series by ITV Studios
Television series set in the Roman Empire
Television series set in the 1st century
Television shows produced by Granada Television
English-language television shows
Black-and-white British television shows
British historical television series
Depictions of Augustus on television
Depictions of Caligula on television
Cultural depictions of Messalina
Cultural depictions of Tiberius
Cultural depictions of Agrippina the Elder
Cultural depictions of Agrippina the Younger
Cultural depictions of Claudius
Cultural depictions of Julia Drusilla
Cultural depictions of Germanicus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit%20New%20Zealand
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Transit New Zealand (Māori: Ararau Aotearoa), which existed from 1989 to 2008, was the New Zealand Crown entity responsible for operating and planning the New Zealand state highway network (10,894 km, about 12% of New Zealand's roads). It also concerned itself with developments close to state highways, as it considered the potential additional traffic that these would create, and it was responsible for state highway landscaping.
Transit New Zealand was merged with Land Transport New Zealand to form the NZ Transport Agency (NZTA) on 1 August 2008. Transit's website was still active up to 9 December 2009, when the new NZTA website was launched with streamlined information from the Transit website.
Structure
Transit had an annual operating budget of over NZ$1 billion and about 450 staff, with much of its actual planning and design work contracted out to construction companies and consultancies. Almost all of its funding was approved by the government's land transport funding agency Land Transport New Zealand through the National Land Transport Programme.
Until 1996, Transit approved subsidies for passenger transport services contracted by regional councils, before this was devolved to Transfund and then Land Transport New Zealand (now NZTA).
However, the government proposed that Land Transport New Zealand and Transit New Zealand be merged again, with some functions devolved to the Ministry of Transport. This eventually took place in 2008, creating the NZTA.
History
Transit New Zealand was the successor to similar previous entities. The Main Highways Board, created on 1 April 1924, to facilitate the overall planning and control of roads on a national basis, especially arterial routes, under the control of the Public Works Department. Initially it divided the country into 18 highway districts. After World War II, the National Roads Board was formed. During this time, deferred maintenance and a great need for bridge works were complicated by a lack of manpower, plant and materials at a time when traffic volumes rose steeply and rural areas were opened up to road traffic.
During the economic reforms of the 1980s direct Government control of service provision was reduced, and new methods of providing for roads were developed. On 1 April 1988, the Ministry of Works and Development was corporatised and the National Roads Board's operational arm, the Roading Division, was incorporated into the Ministry of Transport. On 1 October 1989 it became Transit New Zealand.
The agency also came under some criticism for being 'anti-development'. It often lodged objections to resource consent applications which in its opinion created safety or capacity problems on close-by motorways (such as large retail developments like Sylvia Park) or required substantial consultation and mitigating measures for them before they were allowed to go ahead. Rodney District Council once threatened court action, alleging that the agency was effectively preventing any substantial
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESA%20Television
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ESA Television is the television network of the European Space Agency. It is a satellite-only broadcast network which periodically transmits programming via Eutelsat's Eutelsat 9A satellite to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East as part of the Europe by Satellite public information service. In addition, live events are transmitted via different Eutelsat satellites covering the European continent.
In the years leading to 2008, ESA did not broadcast simultaneously over the internet, but did (and does) make programming available for download via an FTP website, which requires users to log in to access material. A username and password is made available by registering for the ESA Television Notification Service.
In 2008, ESA began webstreaming some activities using the Livestream.com platform. The channel aims to provide coverage of launches, astronauts and space exploration, and provides regular webcasts from ESA establishments in Europe, launches from Europe's spaceport in Kourou and from anywhere that ESA missions fly.
See also
NASA TV
TV Roskosmos
References
External links
ESA Television official site
ESA live video (only during special events)
ESA channel at Livestream.com
European Space Agency
Television channels of space agencies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoreboarding
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Scoreboarding is a centralized method, first used in the CDC 6600 computer, for dynamically scheduling instructions so that they can execute out of order when there are no conflicts and the hardware is available.
In a scoreboard, the data dependencies of every instruction are logged, tracked and strictly observed at all times. Instructions are released only when the scoreboard determines that there are no conflicts with previously issued ("in flight") instructions. If an instruction is stalled because it is unsafe to issue (or there are insufficient resources), the scoreboard monitors the flow of executing instructions until all dependencies have been resolved before the stalled instruction is issued. In essence: reads proceed on the absence of write hazards, and writes proceed in the absence of read hazards.
Scoreboarding is essentially a hardware implementation of the same underlying algorithm seen in dataflow languages, creating a Directed Acyclic Graph, where the same logic is applied in the programming language runtime.
Stages
Instructions are decoded in order and go through the following four stages.
Issue: The system checks which registers will be read and written by this instruction and where conflicts WAR and RAW and WAW are detected. RAW and WAR hazards are recorded using a Dependency Matrix (constructed from SR NOR latches in the original 6600 design) as it will be needed in the following stages. Simultaneously, an entry is recorded in a second Matrix, which records the instruction order as a Directed Acyclic Graph. In order to avoid output dependencies (WAW – Write after Write) the instruction is stalled until instructions intending to write to the same register are completed. The instruction is also stalled when required functional units are currently busy. No instruction is ever issued unless it is fully trackable from start to finish.
Read operands: After an instruction has been issued and correctly allocated to the required hardware module (named a Computation Unit in Thornton's book), the Unit waits until all operands become available. The read only proceeds when write dependencies (RAW – Read after Write) have been dropped from all other Units. To avoid Register File Port contention, a Priority Picker selects one Computational Unit (in the case where several Units are clear of hazards).
Execution: When all operands have been fetched, the Computation Unit starts its execution. After the result is ready, the scoreboard is notified.
Write Result: In this stage the result is ready but has not yet been written to its destination register. The write may not proceed until the Unit is clear of all (WAR – Write after Read) hazards. The only additional delays here are based on availability of register file ports: in the 6600 a Priority Picker was used to select one result per write port. Once written the unit is marked as no longer busy, and all hazards and state is dropped. Note that only in advanced (augmented, precise) sc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NC%20Graphics
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NC Graphics was founded by Arthur Flutter in Waterbeach, Cambridge, England, in 1977 after completing a PhD in Computer Aided Design at CADCentre. This work became the basis of Toolmaker, a product that has been sold by the company since then.
In the mid-1980s the company collaborated with C&J Clark to write shoe design software until a dispute about the intellectual property rights over the product caused a falling-out. C&J Clark sued NC Graphics and won the case and NC Graphics was no longer able to develop or sell the shoe design software that they had been contracted to develop for C&J Clark.
NC Graphics focused on developing a surface modelling software product that used polynomial mathematics and was driven by human-readable input commands based on the APT language. The initial product was called Polyapt and was sold initially to manufacturing companies that specialised in producing lost wax dies for aerofoil and turbine engine blades.
In the late 1980s NC Graphics collaborated with Hurco whereby NC Graphics developed the software and Hurco marketed it worldwide. The product was marketed by Hurco as TDM3000 on a global exclusive basis. At the same time, the same fundamental source code was sold through a company in Aylesbury called VanDix and the product was marketed by them as the "VanDix" CADCAM system. Around 1990 NC Graphics and Hurco parted company after Hurco discovered that their global exclusivity agreement had been breached. Hurco obtained joint copyright to the software source code and continued to develop it before abandoning CADCAM development in the mid-1990s.
NC Graphics picked up the UK customer base from Hurco and sold what was to become "Toolmaker" until they were finally bought out by PTC some years later.
In 1993 the company formed a partnership with DEPO GmbH and began development of machining STRATEGIST, a graphical based system limited solely to generating 3-axis Cnc instructions. This product was resold by DEPO in Germany and sometimes the rest of the world under the brand name Depocam. machining STRATEGIST, was sold in the UK and some of the rest of the world, but Depocam and machining STRATEGIST were one and the same product marketed with a different brand name.
In late 2001 NC Graphics licensed Vero International Software to use their software as a Computer-aided manufacturing Geometric modeling kernel within their system. In June 2002 they bought the machining STRATEGIST product and development team for £1.25million, leaving NC Graphics with rights to its own copy of the source code and the Depocam product.
NC Graphics' business was in decline, and this was largely due to the Toolmaker product reaching the end of its product lifecycle. Sales of Toolmaker dwindled to virtually nothing and the DepoCAM product was not sufficient itself to generate sufficient revenues to keep the company going. CNC Software licensed the DepoCAM technology for $1,000,000 and this revenue kept NC Graphics going until the acquisit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservation%20station
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A unified reservation station, also known as unified scheduler, is a decentralized feature of the microarchitecture of a CPU that allows for register renaming, and is used by the Tomasulo algorithm for dynamic instruction scheduling.
Reservation stations permit the CPU to fetch and re-use a data value as soon as it has been computed, rather than waiting for it to be stored in a register and re-read. When instructions are issued, they can designate the reservation station from which they want their input to read. When multiple instructions need to write to the same register, all can proceed and only the (logically) last one need actually be written.
It checks if the operands are available (RAW) and if execution unit is free (Structural hazard) before starting execution.
Instructions are stored with available parameters, and executed when ready. Results are identified by the unit that will execute the corresponding instruction.
Implicitly register renaming solves WAR and WAW hazards. Since this is a fully associative structure, it has a very high cost in comparators (need to compare all results returned from processing units with all stored addresses).
In Tomasulo's algorithm, instructions are issued in sequence to Reservation Stations which buffer the instruction as well as the operands of the instruction. If the operand is not available, the Reservation Station listens on a Common Data Bus for the operand to become available. When the operand becomes available, the Reservation Station buffers it, and the execution of the instruction can begin.
Functional Units (such as an adder or a multiplier), each have their own corresponding Reservation Stations. The output of the Functional Unit connects to the Common Data Bus, where Reservation Stations are listening for the operands they need.
Bibliography
Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, John L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson, 2012 () "3.4 Overcoming Data Hazards with Dynamic Scheduling", p 172-180
References
External links
The Reservation Stations, HASE Project, Institute for Computing Systems Architecture, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 2003
CS6290 Tomasulo’s Algorithm , Georgia Tech
Instruction processing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future%20Air%20Navigation%20System
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The Future Air Navigation System (FANS) is an avionics system which provides direct data link communication between the pilot and the air traffic controller. The communications include air traffic control clearances, pilot requests and position reporting. In the FANS-B equipped Airbus A320 family aircraft, an Air Traffic Services Unit (ATSU) and a VHF Data Link radio (VDR3) in the avionics rack and two data link control and display units (DCDUs) in the cockpit enable the flight crew to read and answer the controller–pilot data link communications (CPDLC) messages received from the ground.
Overview of FANS
The world's air traffic control system still uses components defined in the 1940s following the 1944 meeting in Chicago which launched the creation of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). This traditional ATC system uses analog radio systems for aircraft Communication, navigation and surveillance (CNS).
Air traffic control's ability to monitor aircraft was being rapidly outpaced by the growth of flight as a mode of travel. In an effort to improve aviation communication, navigation, surveillance, and air traffic management ICAO, standards for a future system were created. This integrated system is known as the Future Air Navigation System (FANS) and allows controllers to play a more passive monitoring role through the use of increased automation and satellite-based navigation.
In 1983, ICAO established the special committee on the Future Air Navigation System (FANS), charged with developing the operational concepts for the future of air traffic management (ATM). The FANS report was published in 1988 and laid the basis for the industry's future strategy for ATM through digital CNS using satellites and data links. Work then started on the development of the technical standards needed to realize the FANS Concept.
In the early 1990s, the Boeing Company announced a first generation FANS product known as FANS-1. This was based on the early ICAO technical work for automatic dependent surveillance (ADS) and controller–pilot data link communications (CPDLC), and implemented as a software package on the flight management computer of the Boeing 747-400. It used existing satellite based ACARS communications (Inmarsat Data-2 service) and was targeted at operations in the South Pacific Oceanic region. The deployment of FANS-1 was originally justified by improving route choice and thereby reducing fuel burn.
A similar product (FANS-A) was later developed by Airbus for the A340 and A330. Boeing also extended the range of aircraft supported to include the Boeing 777 and 767. Together, the two products are collectively known as FANS-1/A. The main industry standards describing the operation of the FANS-1/A products are ARINC 622 and EUROCAE ED-100/RTCA DO-258. Both the new Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 have FANS-1/A capability.
ATC services are now provided to FANS 1/A equipped aircraft in other oceanic airspaces, such as the North Atlantic. How
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OmegaT
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OmegaT is a computer-assisted translation tool written in the Java programming language. It is free software originally developed by Keith Godfrey in 2000, and is currently developed by a team led by Aaron Madlon-Kay.
OmegaT is intended for professional translators. Its features include customisable segmentation using regular expressions, translation memory with fuzzy matching and match propagation, glossary matching, dictionary matching, translation memory and reference material searching, and inline spell-checking using Hunspell spelling dictionaries.
OmegaT runs on Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows and Solaris, and requires Java 8. It is available in 27 languages. According to a survey in 2010 among 458 professional translators, OmegaT is used 1/3 as much as Wordfast, Déjà Vu and MemoQ, and 1/8 as much as the market leader Trados.
History
OmegaT was first developed by Keith Godfrey in 2000. It was originally written in C++.
The first public release in February 2001 was written in Java. This version used a proprietary translation memory format. It could translate unformatted text files, and HTML, and perform only block-level segmentation (i.e. paragraphs instead of sentences).
Development and software releases
The development of OmegaT is hosted on SourceForge. The development team is led by Aaron Madlon-Kay. As with many open source projects, new versions of OmegaT are released frequently, usually with 2-3 bugfixes and feature updates each. There is a "standard" version, which always has a complete user manual and a "latest" version which includes features that are not yet documented in the user manual. The updated sources are always available from the SourceForge code repository.
How OmegaT works
OmegaT handles a translation job as a project, a hierarchy of folders with specific names. The user copies non-translated documents into one named /source/ (or subfolders thereof). The Editor pane displays the source documents as individual “segments” for translation one segment at a time. OmegaT, when directed, generates the (partially) translated versions in the /target/ subfolder.
Other named folders include ones for automatic consultation within the program: /tm/ for existing translation pairs in .tmx format, /tm/auto/ for automatic translation of 100% matches, /glossary/ for glossaries, /dictionary/ for StarDict (and .tbx) dictionaries.
When the user goes to translate a segment in the Editor pane, OmegaT automatically searches the .tmx files in the /tm/ hierarchy for previous translation pairs with similar source sentences and displays them in the Fuzzy Matches pane for insertion into the Editor pane with a keyboard shortcut. The Glossary and Dictionary panes provide similar automatic look-up functions for any glossaries and dictionaries in the corresponding named folders in the project. The optional Machine Translation pane shows machine translations from Google Translate and similar services.
When the user leaves a segment, OmegaT
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelfond
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Gelfand is a surname meaning "elephant" in the Yiddish language. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Gelfond (1906–1968), Soviet mathematician
Michael Gelfond, American computer scientist
See also
Gelfand
Helfand
Helfant
Yiddish-language surnames
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernoid
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Cybernoid: The Fighting Machine is a shoot 'em up developed and published in 1988 by Hewson Consultants for the ZX Spectrum. It was ported to the Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, Amiga, and Nintendo Entertainment System. It was programmed by Raffaele Cecco. The ZX Spectrum, Amstrad, and Atari ST versions have a main theme by Dave Rogers, while the Commodore C64 version has a different theme by Jeroen Tel.
Gameplay
In Cybernoid, pirates have raided the storage depots of the Federation and stolen minerals, jewels, ammunition and the latest battle weaponry. The Cybernoid ship has been dispatched with instructions to retrieve the stolen booty and to return it to storage within a specified time limit. The Cybernoid needs to battle the pirates and their planetary defense systems in order to retrieve the stolen booty.
Cybernoid is split into three levels, with each level consisting of several screens that are traversed via a flip-screen system of play rather than scrolling. The hazards in each screen can be different - some will have just enemy pirate ships, some homing missiles, some gun turrets, some indestructible enemies on fixed-paths that have to be traversed and some a mixture of these. The Cybernoid ship can collect power-ups for assistance (including a rear-gun and a giant spiked ball that flies around the ship) and also use a variety of built-in special weapons such as shields and homing missiles.
Shooting pirate ships often leaves power-ups or jewels that Cybernoid can then collect.
The NES version was made by Studio 12 productions, consisting of Chris Harvey as the programmer and Adrian Carless for the graphics. They put a few in-jokes into the title page, the main one being that the Cybernoid ship was designed by "M.Sugden", referencing the British Actress Mollie Sugden, who played Mrs Slocombe on the TV series Are You Being Served?.
Reception
Cybernoid achieved great critical success. CRASH magazine awarded an overall score of 96%, with one reviewer exclaiming: "Fantastic! Who needs 16-bit machines when Hewson and Raffaele Cecco can produce games like this on the 8-bit Spectrum?", referring to the smooth animation and addictive gameplay.
Your Sinclair also awarded the game 9 out of 10, the reviewer also highlighting the excellent graphics, fast gameplay and the fact that tactics are required to pass each screen. The game was voted number 36 in the Your Sinclair Official Top 100 Games of All Time.
Legacy
A sequel, titled Cybernoid II: The Revenge, was published the following year on the Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. In 2004 it was one of the games featured on the C64 Direct-to-TV. The plot of the sequel revolved around the return of the pirates in a new Battlestar, again plundering Federation storage depots.
In October 2018, the game's rights were acquired by Canadian production company Liquid Media Group along with other titles originally owned by Acclaim Entertainment.
References
External links
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