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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasie%C5%84%20railway%20station
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Jasień is a non-operational PKP railway station in Jasień (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Jasień article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 27 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soszyca%20railway%20station
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Soszyca is a non-operational PKP railway station in Soszyca (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Soszyca article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 27 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrics%20%28networking%29
|
Router metrics are configuration values used by a router to make routing decisions. A metric is typically one of many fields in a routing table. Router metrics help the router choose the best route among multiple feasible routes to a destination. The route will go in the direction of the gateway with the lowest metric.
A router metric is typically based on information such as path length, bandwidth, load, hop count, path cost, delay, maximum transmission unit (MTU), reliability and communications cost.
Examples
A metric can include:
measuring link utilization (using SNMP)
number of hops (hop count)
speed of the path
packet loss (router congestion/conditions)
Network delay
path reliability
path bandwidth
throughput [SNMP - query routers]
load
Maximum transmission unit (MTU)
administrator configured value
In EIGRP, metrics is represented by an integer from 0 to 4,294,967,295 (The size of a 32-bit integer). In Microsoft Windows XP routing it ranges from 1 to 9999.
A metric can be considered as:
additive - the total cost of a path is the sum of the costs of individual links along the path,
concave - the total cost of a path is the minimum of the costs of individual links along the path,
multiplicative - the total cost of a path is the product of the costs of individual links along the path.
Service level metrics
Router metrics are metrics used by a router to make routing decisions. It is typically one of many fields in a routing table.
Router metrics can contain any number of values that help the router determine the best route among multiple routes to a destination. A router metric typically based on information like path length, bandwidth, load, hop count, path cost, delay, MTU, reliability and communications cost.
See also
Administrative distance, indicates the source of routing table entry and is used in preference to metrics for routing decisions
References
External links
Survey of routing metrics
Computer network analysis
Network performance
Metrics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLE%20Automation
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In Microsoft Windows applications programming, OLE Automation (later renamed to simply Automation) is an inter-process communication mechanism created by Microsoft. It is based on a subset of Component Object Model (COM) that was intended for use by scripting languages – originally Visual Basic – but now is used by several languages on Windows. All automation objects are required to implement the IDispatch interface. It provides an infrastructure whereby applications called automation controllers can access and manipulate (i.e. set properties of or call methods on) shared automation objects that are exported by other applications. It supersedes Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE), an older mechanism for applications to control one another. As with DDE, in OLE Automation the automation controller is the "client" and the application exporting the automation objects is the "server".
Contrary to its name, automation objects do not necessarily use Microsoft OLE, although some Automation objects can be used in OLE environments. The confusion has its roots in Microsoft's earlier definition of OLE, which was previously more or less a synonym of COM.
Advantages and limitations
To ensure interoperability, automation interfaces are limited to use a subset of all COM types. Specifically, automation interfaces must use SAFEARRAY instead of raw COM arrays.
Automation-compatible COM servers can, however, rely on the in-built OLE marshalling implementation. This avoids the need for additional proxy/stub projects for marshalling out-of-process.
Usage
Automation was designed with the ease of scripting in mind, so controllers often provide languages such as Visual Basic for Applications to end users, allowing them to control automation objects via scripts. Automation objects are often written in conventional languages such as C++, where C++ attributes can be used to simplify development, Languages such as Visual Basic and Borland Delphi also provides a convenient syntax for Automation which hides the complexity of the underlying implementation.
Type libraries
In order to automate an application, the developer of an automation controller must know the object model that is employed by the target application exporting activation objects. This requires that the developer of the target application publicly document its object model. Development of automation controllers without knowledge of the target application's object model is "difficult to impossible".
Due to these complications, Automation components are usually provided with type libraries, which contain metadata about classes, interfaces and other features exposed by an object library. Interfaces are described in Microsoft Interface Definition Language. Type libraries can be viewed using various tools, such as the Microsoft OLE/COM Object Viewer (oleview.exe, part of the Microsoft Platform SDK) or the Object Browser in Visual Basic (up to version 6) and Visual Studio .NET. Type libraries are used to generate Prox
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer%20Seberry
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Jennifer Roma Seberry (also published as Jennifer Seberry Wallis, born 13 February 1944 in Sydney) is an Australian cryptographer, mathematician, and computer scientist, currently a professor at the University of Wollongong, Australia. She was formerly the head of the Department of Computer Science and director of the Centre for Computer Security Research at the university.
Education and career
Seberry attended Parramatta High School and got her BSc at University of New South Wales, 1966; MSc at La Trobe University, 1969; PhD at La Trobe University, 1971 (Computational Mathematics); B.Ec. with two years completed at University of Sydney. Her doctoral advisor was Bertram Mond.
Seberry was the first person to teach cryptology at an Australian University (University of Sydney). She was also the first woman Professor of Computer Science in Australia. She was the first woman Reader in Combinatorial Mathematics in Australia.
she had supervised 30 doctorates and had 71 academic descendants. Her notable students have included Peter Eades, Mirka Miller, and Deborah Street.
Service
Seberry was a founding member of the University of Sydney's Research Foundation for Information Technology Information Security Group in 1987. The group grew into the Australian Information Security Association, an Australian representative industry body with over 1000 paid members and branches in most capitals.
Seberry was one of the founders of the Asiacrypt international conference in 1990 (then called Auscrypt).
Research
Seberry has contributed to the knowledge and use of Hadamard
matrices and bent functions for network security. She has published numerous papers on mathematics, cryptography, and computer and network security. She led the team that produced the LOKI and LOKI97 block ciphers and the HAVAL cryptographic hash functions. Seberry is also a co-author of the Py (spelled RU) stream cipher, which was a candidate for the eSTREAM stream cipher project.
References
External links
Jennifer Seberry's page at University of Wollongong
Australian mathematicians
Australian cryptographers
Women mathematicians
Living people
Modern cryptographers
Computer security academics
1944 births
Academic staff of the University of Wollongong
International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows
People in information technology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Network%20of%20Engineers%20and%20Scientists%20for%20Global%20Responsibility
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The International Network of Engineers and Scientists for global responsibility (INES) is an independent non-profit-organization concerned about the impact of science and technology on society.
INES efforts focus on disarmament and international peace, ethics in science, responsibilities of scientists and the responsible use of science and technology, just and sustainable development.
INES was founded in 1991 in Berlin at the international congress Challenges - Science and Peace in a Rapidly Changing Environment and has become a network of over 200 organisations and individual members.
Challenges for Scientists and Engineers
Rapid changes in our environment and our societies are forcing us to become more conscious of our role in the world. Science and technology are employed in a worldwide competition for military and economic power. The impacts of this competition have global implications. We have entered a phase in which global developments are in conflict with basic requirements for human survival. Large stocks of weapons of mass destruction, the overexploitation of limited common resources, and a heavily unbalanced world economy provide fundamental challenges to human civilisation and may even threaten its existence.
Engineers and scientists play a key role, both in developing new knowledge that might threaten international security and in providing positive solutions for the future. They are as much a part of the problem as they can be a part of the solution.
Activities
Lobbies for nuclear disarmament and sustainable science.
Works for the reduction of military spending.
Promotes the awareness of ethical principles and the specific responsibility of engineers and scientists.
Participates in whistleblowing campaigns, which support those who have been victimised for acting upon such principles.
Encourages and facilitates public discourse and international communication among concerned scientists.
Organises international conferences and regional workshops.
Raises public awareness.
Promotes environmentally sound technologies.
Supports publishing books, e.g., Einstein, Peace Now!; Joseph Rotblat: Visionary for Peace.
INES is a member of the International Peace Bureau (IPB) and closely cooperates with IPB as well as the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) and the International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms (IALANA).
INES actively participates in the Middle Powers Initiative (MPI) and has been present at the European Social Forums since 2000 and at the World Social Forums. INES participates in the World Social Forum on Sciences.
Goals
Abolition of nuclear weapons
Promoting the responsible and sustainable use of science and technology
Implementing ethical principles in the education of scientists and engineers
INES Bodies
Council
The INES Council elects an Executive Committee to implement the decisions of the Council and to manage the overall activities of the Network. Member o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft%20Data%20Network
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Aircraft Data Network (ADN) is a concept introduced by the Airlines Electronics Engineering Committee (AEEC) in the ARINC 664 Specification. The specification proposes data networking standards recommended for use in commercial aircraft installations. The standards provide a means to adapt COTS networking standards to an aircraft environment. It refers to devices such as bridges, switches, routers and hubs and their use in an aircraft environment. This equipment, when installed in a network topology, can provide effective data transfer and overall avionics performance. The ARINC 664 specification refers extensively to the set of data networking standards developed by the
Internet community and IEEE. The specification also applies the concepts of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) standards.
The specification is organized in multiple parts, as follows:
Part 1 - Systems Concepts and Overview
Part 2 - Ethernet Physical and Data-Link Layer Specifications
Part 3 - Internet-based Protocols and Services
Part 4 - Internet-based Address Structure and Assigned Numbers
Part 5 - Network Domain Characteristics and Functional Elements
Part 6 - Reserved;
Part 7 - Deterministic Networks
Part 8 - Upper Layer Protocol Services
External links
ARINC Web Page
Air traffic control
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation%20Memory%20eXchange
|
Translation Memory eXchange (TMX) is an XML specification for the exchange of translation memory (TM) data between computer-aided translation and localization tools with little or no loss of critical data.
TMX was originally developed and maintained by OSCAR (Open Standards for Container/Content Allowing Re-use), a special interest group of LISA (Localization Industry Standards Association), and first released in 1997. Specification 1.4b of 2005 remained current . It allows the original source and target documents to be recreated from the TMX data. A working draft of TMX 2.0 was released for public comment in March 2007 but no work was done on the new version; in March 2011 LISA was declared insolvent and as a result its standards were moved under a Creative Commons license and the standards specification relocated.
TMX forms part of the Open Architecture for XML Authoring and Localization (OAXAL) reference architecture.
Example
An example of a TMX document with one entry:
<tmx version="1.4">
<header
creationtool="XYZTool" creationtoolversion="1.01-023"
datatype="PlainText" segtype="sentence"
adminlang="en-us" srclang="en"
o-tmf="ABCTransMem"/>
<body>
<tu>
<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Hello world!</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="fr">
<seg>Bonjour tout le monde!</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
</body>
</tmx>
References
Computer-assisted translation
ETSI
XML markup languages
Industry-specific XML-based standards
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainsdale%20railway%20station
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Ainsdale railway station serves the village of Ainsdale near Southport, England. The station is located on the Southport branch of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line.
History
Ainsdale railway station opened in 1848 as an intermediate station on the Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway. On 14 June 1855 it became part of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR), which took over from the LCSR. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway amalgamated with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922 and in turn was Grouped into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Nationalisation followed in 1948 and in 1978 the station became part of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line (operated by British Rail until privatised in 1995).
Facilities
A new toilet building located on the Southport-bound platform was completed in May 2007. Access is by request at the ticket office.
There is a car parking for 56 vehicles, cycle racks for 6 bikes and a secure cycle storage for a further 32 bikes.
In early June 2014 it was announced that the station would be among a small number of stations across the Merseyrail network that would undergo a £3.7m programme of improvements. The improvement plans for the station were revealed at a public meeting at the village church on 20 July 2015, and it includes new waiting rooms and a new ticket office on the Southport Platform, as well as better access to the platforms and car park and a refurbished Footbridge. Work on the scheme started in May 2017. The new Ticket Office and waiting shelter opened on 2 May 2018 and the platform refurbishment is due to be completed in due course. The station has mounted on its external wall a John Agar (Bury) clock face, the internal workings of which converted from pendulum to electric drive some time ago. The clock face, badly faded by a century of sun, was restored to 'as new' condition and transferred to the new station building to continue the link with a clock maker who supplied clocks to many stations along the line and across the wider north of England network.
Services
Trains operate every 15 minutes throughout the day from Monday to Saturday to Southport to the north, and to Hunts Cross via Liverpool Central to the south. Sunday services are every 30 minutes in each direction.
Gallery
References
Station on navigable O.S. map
External links
Railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
DfT Category E stations
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations served by Merseyrail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshfield%20railway%20station
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Freshfield railway station serves the Freshfield district of Formby, Merseyside, England. The station is located on the Southport branch of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line.
History
Freshfield opened in 1854 as an intermediate station on the Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway. It was built at the insistence of the local landowner, Thomas Fresh, to provide him access to the railway, as when the railway opened in 1848, there was no village for it to serve. Fresh donated his own land for the purpose. It became part of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR) on 14 June 1855 who took over from the (LCSR). The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway amalgamated with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922 and in turn was Grouped into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Nationalisation followed in 1948 and in 1978 the station became part of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line (operated by British Rail until privatisation in 1995).
Facilities
The station is staffed, 15 minutes before the first train and 15 minutes after the last train, and has platform CCTV. There is a payphone, shelters, booking office and live departure and arrival screens, for passenger information. The station has a free car park, with 82 spaces, as well as a 10-space cycle rack and secure indoor storage for 44 cycles. Although both platforms are linked by a footbridge, wheelchair users can access both platforms via the level crossing.
Services
Trains operate every 15 minutes throughout the day from Monday to Saturday to Southport to the north, and to Hunts Cross via Liverpool Central to the south. Sunday services are every 30 minutes in each direction.
Gallery
References
External links
Railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
DfT Category E stations
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1854
Railway stations served by Merseyrail
Formby
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLWOR
|
The programming language XQuery defines FLWOR (pronounced 'flower') as an expression that supports iteration and binding of variables to intermediate results. FLWOR is an acronym: FOR, LET, WHERE, ORDER BY, RETURN. FLWOR is loosely analogous to SQL's SELECT-FROM-WHERE and can be used to provide join-like functionality to XML documents.
for creates a sequence of nodes
let binds a sequence to a variable
where filters the nodes on a boolean expression
order by sorts the nodes
return gets evaluated once for every node
Example
for $d in doc("depts.xml")//deptno
let $e := doc("emps.xml")//employee[deptno = $d]
where count($e) >= 10
order by avg($e/salary) descending
return
<big-dept>
{ $d,
<headcount>{count($e)}</headcount>,
<avgsal>{avg($e/salary)}</avgsal>
}
</big-dept>
First column of the XQuery request shows the for, let, where, order by and return keywords of the FLWOR paradigm. In plain English, this could be read as "Get all departments that have more than ten employees, order these departments by decreasing average salary, and return a report of department numbers, head counts and average salary in each big department". The result could look like:
<big-dept>
<deptno>17</deptno>
<headcount>25</headcount>
<avgsal>12500</avgsal>
</big-dept>
<big-dept>
<deptno>24</deptno>
<headcount>18</headcount>
<avgsal>11327</avgsal>
</big-dept>
<big-dept>
<deptno>3</deptno>
<headcount>32</headcount>
<avgsal>10725</avgsal>
</big-dept>
Example using Microsoft SQL Server
DECLARE @xml XML
SET @xml =
'<root_element>
<branch_element>
<item_1>42</item_1>
<item_2>27</item_2>
</branch_element>
<branch_element>
<item_1>a</item_1>
<item_2>b</item_2>
</branch_element>
</root_element>'
SELECT
x.y.query('for $s in self::node() return $s//item_1/text()') as i,
x.y.query('for $s in self::node() return $s//item_2/text()') as j
FROM @xml.nodes('/root_element') AS x(y);
References
External links
W3C XML Query (XQuery) - FLWOR Expressions
FLWOR examples
Introduction to FLWOR
https://web.archive.org/web/20111008001258/http://w3schools.com/xquery/xquery_flwor.asp
XML
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hightown%20railway%20station
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Hightown railway station serves the village of Hightown in Merseyside, England. The station is located on the Southport branch of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line.
History
Hightown opened in 1848 as an intermediate station on the Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway (LCSR).
It became part of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR), on 14 June 1855, which had absorbed the LCSR. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway amalgamated with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922 and in turn amalgamated with other railways to create the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923.
Nationalisation followed in 1948 and in 1978 the station became part of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line (operated by British Rail until privatisation in 1995).
In February 2019, as part of the Merseyrail platform upgrade works, both of the platforms were raised in preparation for the British Rail Class 777 METRO units, coming into operation in 2020.
The station is staffed, from 15 minutes before the first train until 15 minutes after the last train.
Platform 1 (Southbound) has a waiting room, ticket office, cycle storage and a photo booth, whilst Platform 2 (Northbound) has a shelter, a payphone and cycle storage. There are live dot-matrix departure screens, for passenger information and platform CCTV on both platforms. The platforms are linked via a stepped bridge but both may be accessed via road.
Services
Northbound trains operate to Southport, and Southbound trains to Hunts Cross via Liverpool Central.
On Mondays to Saturdays there are four trains an hour throughout the day in each direction; on Sundays there are two per hour.
Gallery
References
External links
Railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
DfT Category E stations
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations served by Merseyrail
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall%20Road%20railway%20station
|
Hall Road railway station serves Blundellsands in Merseyside, England. The station is located on the Southport branch of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line. Hall Road TMD was adjacent to the station, but this closed in 1997 and has since been demolished.
History
Hall Road opened in 1874 as an intermediate station on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR), at a request from Joseph Gardner, a local merchant. Initially the railway company refused, but relented when he had five further houses built in the same location. The LYR electrified the line, using the third-rail system, and services started on 5 April 1904. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway amalgamated with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922 and in turn was Grouped into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Nationalisation followed in 1948 and in 1977 the station became part of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line (operated by British Rail until privatisation in 1995).
Facilities
The station is staffed, 15 minutes before the first train and 15 minutes after the last train, and has platform CCTV. Each of the two platforms has a waiting room. There is a payphone, booking office and live departure and arrival screens, for passenger information. The station has an 8-space cycle rack and secure indoor storage for 44 cycles.
Services
Trains operate every 15 minutes throughout the day from Monday to Saturday to Southport to the north, and to Hunts Cross via Liverpool Central to the south. Sunday services are every 30 minutes in each direction.
Accidents and incidents
1905 accident
On 27 July 1905, a Southport-bound express train collided at the station with an empty local service operating to Liverpool Exchange. 20 deaths and 48 injuries resulted, although both drivers survived.
1961 accident
On 9 October 1961 two electric trains collided at around 7.34 am due to a signalman admitting both trains into the section at the same time. The motorman of one of the trains was injured and two passengers were injured, one seriously. The official report concluded that irregular working by the signalman and an error by one of the train drivers was the cause of the accident.
1977 accident
An accident took place on 4 July 1977 when a Class 502 unit, working a service to Liverpool Central, ran into the rear of another train near the station. 35 people were injured. Errors by the train driver and signalling irregularities were blamed for the collision.
Gallery
References
External links
Railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
DfT Category E stations
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1874
Railway stations served by Merseyrail
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperSCSI
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HyperSCSI is an outdated computer network protocol for accessing storage by sending and receiving SCSI commands. It was developed by researchers at the Data Storage Institute in Singapore in 2000 to 2003.
HyperSCSI is unlike iSCSI in that it bypassed the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) and works directly over Ethernet to form its storage area network (SAN). It skipped the routing, retransmission, segmentation, reassembly, and all the other problems that the TCP/IP suite addresses. Compared to iSCSI, this was meant to give a performance benefit at the cost of IP's flexibility. An independent performance test showed that performance was unstable with network congestion.
Since HyperSCSI was in direct competition with the older and well established Fibre Channel, and the standardized iSCSI, it was not adopted by commercial vendors. Some researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology noted the failure to provide any transport layer protocol, so implemented a reliability layer in 2007.
Another version called HS/IP was developed over the Internet Protocol (IP).
See also
Fibre Channel over Ethernet
Fibre Channel over IP
Internet Fibre Channel Protocol
References
External links
including an introduction and features of HyperSCSI, and a comparison with iSCSI
SCSI
Network protocols
Ethernet
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfsync
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pfsync is a computer protocol used to synchronise firewall states between machines running Packet Filter (PF) for high availability. It is used along with CARP to make sure a backup firewall has the same information as the main firewall. When the main machine in the firewall cluster dies, the backup machine is able to accept current connections without loss.
See also
OpenBSD
PF (firewall)
CARP
Linux-HA
Linux Virtual Server
References
External links
PF: Firewall Redundancy with CARP and pfsync (OpenBSD PF FAQ)
pfsync(4) man-page in OpenBSD, FreeBSD and NetBSD
sys/net/if_pfsync.h in OpenBSD
sys/net/if_pfsync.c in OpenBSD
Internet protocols
High-availability cluster computing
BSD software
OpenBSD
FreeBSD
NetBSD
Firewall software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace%20scheduling
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Trace scheduling is an optimization technique developed by Josh Fisher used in compilers for computer programs.
A compiler often can, by rearranging its generated machine instructions for faster execution, improve program performance. It increases ILP (Instruction Level Parallelism) along the important execution path by statically predicting frequent execution path. Trace scheduling is one of many known techniques for doing so.
A trace is a sequence of instructions, including branches but not including loops, that is executed for some input data. Trace scheduling uses a basic block scheduling method to schedule the instructions in each entire trace, beginning with the trace with the highest frequency. It then adds compensation code at the entry and exit of each trace to compensate for any effects that out-of-order execution may have had.
This can result in large increases in code sizes and poor or erratic performance if program's behavior varies significantly with the input.
Trace scheduling was originally developed for Very Long Instruction Word, or VLIW machines, and is a form of global code motion. It works by converting a loop to long straight-line code sequence using loop unrolling and static branch prediction. This process separates out "unlikely" code and adds handlers for exits from trace. The goal is to have the most common case executed as a sequential set of instructions without branches.
See also
Instruction scheduling
References
Compiler optimizations
Compiler construction
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-supported%20collaborative%20learning
|
Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a pedagogical approach wherein learning takes place via social interaction using a computer or through the Internet. This kind of learning is characterized by the sharing and construction of knowledge among participants using technology as their primary means of communication or as a common resource. CSCL can be implemented in online and classroom learning environments and can take place synchronously or asynchronously.
The study of computer-supported collaborative learning draws on a number of academic disciplines, including instructional technology, educational psychology, sociology, cognitive psychology, and social psychology. It is related to collaborative learning and computer supported cooperative work (CSCW).
History
Interactive computing technology was primarily conceived by academics, but the use of technology in education has historically been defined by contemporary research trends. The earliest instances of software in instruction drilled students using the behaviorist method that was popular throughout the mid-twentieth century. In the 1970s as cognitivism gained traction with educators, designers began to envision learning technology that employed artificial intelligence models that could adapt to individual learners. Computer-supported collaborative learning emerged as a strategy rich with research implications for the growing philosophies of constructivism and social cognitivism.
Though studies in collaborative learning and technology took place throughout the 1980s and 90s, the earliest public workshop directly addressing CSCL was "Joint Problem Solving and Microcomputers" which took place in San Diego in 1983. Six years later in 1989, the term "computer-supported collaborative learning" was used in a NATO-sponsored workshop in Maratea, Italy. A biannual CSCL conference series began in 1995. At the 2002 and 2003 CSCL conferences, the International Society of the Learning Sciences (ISLS) was established to run the CSCL and ICLS conference series and the International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (ijCSCL) and JLS journals.
The ijCSCL was established by the CSCL research community and ISLS. It began quarterly publication by Springer in 2006. It is peer reviewed and published both online and in print. Since 2009, it has been rated by ISI as being in the top 10% of educational research journals based on its impact factor.
The rapid development of social media technologies and the increasing need of individuals to understand and use those technologies has brought researchers from many disciplines to the field of CSCL. CSCL is used today in traditional and online schools and knowledge-building communities such as Wikipedia.
Theories
The field of CSCL draws heavily from a number of learning theories that emphasize that knowledge is the result of learners interacting with each other, sharing knowledge, and building knowledge as a group. Since the field focus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATN%20Bangla%20%28Canada%29
|
ATN Bangla is a Canadian exempt Category B Bengali language pay television channel owned by Asian Television Network (ATN).
ATN Bangla broadcasts a variety of programming in the Bengali language including news, films, television dramas and talk shows. It airs programming from foreign sources in India and Bangladesh as well as locally produced Canadian content.
History
In April 2005, ATN was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television channel called ATN - Bangla Channel One, described as "a national ethnic Category 2 pay television programming undertaking devoted to programming of interest to persons who speak Bengali."
The channel launched on October 19, 2005 as ATN Bangla.
On September 13, 2012, the CRTC approved Asian Television Network's request to convert ATN Bangla from a licensed Category B specialty service to an exempted Cat. B third language service.
In September 2014, ATN lost the rights to programming from ATN Bangla in Bangladesh. The channel was subsequently re-branded with a generic logo but retains the same name and now airs foreign programming from India as well as Bangladesh.
References
External links
Asian-Canadian culture in Ontario
Digital cable television networks in Canada
Television channels and stations established in 2005
Bangladeshi-Canadian culture
Bengali-Canadian culture
Bengali-language television channels
South Asian Canadian culture
South Asian television in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ColdSpring%20Framework
|
ColdSpring is a web application framework for the ColdFusion application programming language, based on the Java Spring Framework. It was originally created by Dave Ross and Chris Scott. The framework provides Dependency injection, inversion of control and aspect-oriented programming design pattern capabilities in an effort to make the configuration and dependencies of ColdFusion components (CFCs) easier to manage.
Integration
A noted strength of ColdSpring is its ability to provide complementary services to other applications and frameworks. ColdSpring has been deeply embedded within the core of the Model-Glue framework since Model-Glue 2.0. Also, Fusebox since 5.0 ships with a ColdSpring-specific lexicon.
In reverse, ColdSpring ships with connection points for Model-Glue, Mach-II and the unit testing framework CFCUnit.
History
ColdSpring historically had a long development and release cycle when compared to other ColdFusion frameworks. ColdSpring was first mentioned by Dave Ross when he released a pre-alpha version on February 9, 2005. Interest was found quickly within the ColdFusion community and a support group was formed around the software later in 2005, as was the ColdSpring Framework web site. Eventually, a release candidate was released June 2, 2006.
ColdSpring 1.0
June 25, 2006 ColdSpring 1.0 was finally released just three days before CFUnited where Dave Ross was scheduled to speak on the topic.
ColdSpring 1.2
September 12, 2008 The 1.2 release included changes to make working with beans, especially when using the XML Bean Factory, much easier, including creating bean aliases, including other bean configuration files, creating collections within the configuration file and other fixes.
References
External links
ColdSpring Framework
Manage dependency injection for ColdFusion with the ColdSpring framework by Brian Kotek
Using the ColdSpring Dependency Injection Framework for ColdFusion
Web frameworks
CFML programming language
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20learning%20community
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An online learning community is a public or private destination on the Internet that addresses its members' learning needs by facilitating peer-to-peer learning. Through social networking and computer-mediated communication, or the use of datagogies while people work as a community to achieve a shared learning objective. The community owner may propose learning objectives or may arise out of discussions between participants that reflect personal interests. In an online learning community, people share knowledge via textual discussion (synchronous or asynchronous), audio, video, or other Internet-supported media. Blogs blend personal journaling with social networking to create environments with opportunities for reflection.
According to Etienne Wenger, online learning communities are environments conducive to communities of practice.
Categories
Types of online learning communities include e-learning communities (groups interact and connect solely via technology) and blended learning communities (groups utilize face-to-face meetings as well as online meetings). Based on Riel and Polin (2004), intentional online learning communities may be categorized as knowledge-based, practice-based, and task-based. Online learning communities may focus on personal aspects, process, or technology. They may use technology and tools in many categories:
synchronous (such as instant messaging or language exchange websites and mobile applications
asynchronous (such as message boards and Internet forums)
blogs
course management
collaborative (such as wikis)
social networking
social learning
online university
skills and language exchange platforms
See also
Community language learning
Community of practice
Massive open online course
Virtual education
University of the People
References
Bibliography
Distance education
Social networks
Peer learning
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20technical%20regulation
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Common Technical Regulation (CTR). In telecommunications, CTR refers to a rule governing the connection of terminal equipment to networks. CTRs are drawn up, under the provisions of the EU directive 98/13/EC by the Telecommunications research and action center (TRAC) and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), at the request of ACTE, which is chaired by the European Commission. These rules apply to all EU member states.
See also
Communication source
COLUMBUS II (cable system)
CALM M5
Telephony
European Union and science and technology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PenPad
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The term PenPad was used as a product name for a number of Pen computing products by different companies in the 1980s and 1990s. The earliest was the Penpad series of products by Pencept, such as the PenPad M200 handwriting terminal, and the PenPad M320 handwriting/gesture recognition tablet for MS-DOS and other personal computers.
Other vendors using the term Penpad in product names include Amstrad and Toshiba.
The Amstrad PenPad was an early portable personal digital assistant with handwriting pen input, and a competitor to the Apple Newton. It was an attempt by Amstrad, a UK electronics firm with a history of successful involvement in personal computing, to corner the handheld market in the UK and Europe.
PDA600
The Amstrad PenPad, also known by the PDA600 model reference, was launched in March 1993. Positioned as a replacement for a traditional pocket organiser, reviewers remarked on its small size - around 6.3 by 4.5 by 1 inches - and weight of 14 ounces, noting that it was "as close to being comfortably portable as any available computer".
The PenPad had a reflective LCD screen with dimensions of 2.88 by 3.62 inches and a resolution of , protected by a hinged cover folding open to the left. Around the edges of the screen, a border was "printed to resemble the section dividers and binder rings of a Filofax", providing an example of skeuomorphism but also emphasising the specialised, appliance-like nature of the product. Its five main applications, featured on the tabs or "section dividers" were a phone/address book, diary, to-do list, notepad, and a measurement conversion tool. A separate desktop application, accessible via a desk icon printed on the border above the screen, provided access to a collection of functions including an alarm clock, world clock, anniversary and appointment management, and utilities for monitoring the battery level and communicating with a personal computer. Another icon provided access to a pop-up calculator.
Interaction with the device's software was conducted using a supplied stylus to point at the icons around the edge of the screen and to user interface elements on screen, with text entry being performed by writing with the stylus on the screen itself. The recognition of handwritten text was limited to the interpretation of individual characters entered into distinct boxes displayed for the purpose of text entry, and where the recognition process would fail, the opportunity would be present to perform further training of the system for the misinterpreted character. Thus, recognition accuracy reportedly improved over time, although a "deliberate, childlike" style was regarded as beneficial. Each character would take about one second to process.
The software supported a single form of gesture, this leveraging familiarity with the six-ring Filofax binder system. When tapped, the rings caused the current page to be removed from the application, equivalent to unclipping the page in a paper organiser, with
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%20Greiman
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April Greiman (born March 22, 1948) is an American designer widely recognized as one of the first designers to embrace computer technology as a design tool. Greiman is also credited, along with early collaborator Jayme Odgers, with helping to import the European New Wave design style to the US during the late 70s and early 80s." According to design historian Steven Heller, “April Greiman was a bridge between the modern and postmodern, the analog and the digital.” “She is a pivotal proponent of the ‘new typography’ and new wave that defined late twentieth-century graphic design.” Her art combines her Swiss design training with West Coast postmodernism.
Greiman finds the title graphic designer too limiting and prefers to call herself a "transmedia artist". Her work has inspired designers to develop the computer as a tool of design and to be curious and searching in their design approach. Her style includes typelayering, where groups of letterforms are sandwiched and layered, but also made to float in space along with other 'objects in space' such as shapes, photos, illustrations and color swatches. She creates a sense of depth and dynamic, in particular by combining graphic elements through making extensive use of Apple Macintosh technology. Los Angeles Times called her graphic style "an experiment in creating 'hybrid imagery'".
Early life and education
Born on March 22, 1948, April Greiman grew up in New York City. Her father was an early computer programmer, systems analyst, and founder and president of The Ventura Institute of Technology. Her only sibling, Paul, became a meteorologist and specialist in climatic and atmospheric interplanetary modeling.
Greiman first studied graphic design as an undergraduate at the Kansas City Art Institute, from 1966–1970. She then went on to study at the Allgemeine Kunstgewerbeschule Basel, now known as the Basel School of Design (Schule für Gestaltung Basel) in Basel, Switzerland (1970–1971). She was also a student of Armin Hofmann and Wolfgang Weingart, and she was influenced by the International Style and by Weingarts' introduction to the style later known as New Wave, an aesthetic that moved away from a Modernist heritage.
Career
After completing her studies at the Kansas City Art Institute, Greiman worked as a freelance designer and worked directly with the curator of design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Greiman moved to Los Angeles in 1976 where she established the multi-disciplinary approach where she "...blends technology, science, word and image with color and space...". She directed her first design studio April Greiman, Inc. from 1978–2004. During the 1970s, she rejected the belief among many contemporary designers that computers and digitalization would compromise the International Typographic Style; instead, she exploited pixelation and other digitization "errors" as integral parts of digital art, a position she has held throughout her career.
Upon her relocation from New York
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat-tailed%20dunnart
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The fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a species of mouse-like marsupial of the Dasyuridae, the family that includes the little red kaluta, quolls, and the Tasmanian devil.
Description
It has an average body length of with a tail of . Ear length is . One of the smallest carnivorous marsupials, its weight varies between . The tail becomes fat a few mm from the proximal end and remains so right up to the tip. The dunnart has trichromat vision, similar to some other marsupials as well as primates but unlike most mammals which have dichromat vision.
Distribution and habitat
The range of S. crassicaudata in Australia is in diverse habitats except for the Kimberley region of Western Australia and the northern Northern Territory like Arnhem Land and Kakadu National Park, but avoids the Wannon and Mallee scrub habitats in Victoria. In the northeast of Victoria, the species can also be found in grassy woodlands and samphire shrublands. The subspecies S. c. crassicaudata is found in the Epping Forest National Park in Queensland. S. c. ferruginea is found around Lake Eyre in South Australia. S. c. centralis is found in Killalpannina (as Killalpanima, Lake Eyre East), near Etadunna, South Australia. Fat tailed dunnarts can be found in most deserts in Australia, e.g. the Simpson Desert and Gibson Desert.
The habitats in which the species can be found include sparse grasslands, open shrublands and farmlands where there is considerable bare land. The impact of unimproved farming has been positive for this species as the type of habitat created is suitable to this dunnart's requirements, but intensive agriculture is seen as a negative factor for the species.
Social organisation and breeding
This species breeds from July to February, with the young in the pouch from July to April (Morton 1978b). Gestation is for 13 days and the young remain in the pouch for 70 days with litter size on average 7.5 with a 33% infant death rate. They generally have two litters per year with females not breeding for the first year. The average life span of the females is 18 months, and males 15 months.
Diet
The fat-tailed dunnart's diet includes insects such as beetles, spiders, small reptiles, and amphibians. It stores fat reserves in its carrot-shaped tail for times of food shortage.
Survival
The fat-tailed dunnart is often eaten by other carnivores, including invasive foxes and cats, as well as other feral animals that live among its environment.
The dunnart can survive in extreme, semi-arid environments. This is due to various physiological and behavioral characteristics. First, this marsupial is nocturnal and functions within a 24-hour circadian rhythm. During the nighttime it is protected from high temperatures that cause energy loss. While awake, it spends the majority of its time feeding. Every night it consumes approximately its own body weight of food. During periods of food shortage it decreases its duration of activity while also increasing its in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic%20Region%20Supercomputing%20Center
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The Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) was from 1993 to 2015 a research facility organized under the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). Located on the UAF campus, ARSC offered high-performance computing (HPC) and mass storage to the UAF and State of Alaska research communities.
In general, the research supported with ARSC resources focused on the Earth's arctic region. Common projects included arctic weather modeling, Alaskan summer smoke forecasting, arctic sea ice analysis and tracking, Arctic Ocean systems, volcanic ash plume prediction, and tsunami forecasting and modeling.
ARSC was a Distributed Center (DC), an Allocated Distributed Center (ADC) and then one of six DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers (DSRCs) of the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) from 1993 through 2011.
History
ARSC hosted a variety of HPC systems many of which were listed as among the Top 500 most powerful in the world. For more than 10 years ARSC maintained the standing of at least one system on the Top 500 list. Funding for ARSC operations was primarily supplied by the DoD HPCMP, with augmentation through UAF and external grants and contracts from various sources such as the National Science Foundation. In December 2010, the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner reported probable layoffs for most of Arctic Region Supercomputer Center's 46 employees with the loss of its Department of Defense contract in 2011. The article reported that 95 percent of ARSC funding comes from the Department of Defense. When that DoD funding source was lost ARSC could no longer afford computers that could be listed on the Top 500 List.
The following timeline includes various HPC systems acquired by ARSC and a Top 500 list standing when appropriate:
1993 - Cray Y-MP named Denali with 4 CPUs and 1.3 GFLOPS, StorageTek 1.1 TB Silo. With this system the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) was #251 on the first Top 500 Supercompter list in June 1993 published on the first day of the 8th Mannheim Supercomputer Seminar. This Cray Y-MP M98/41024 system remained on the list the next two times while dropping to position #302 then #405 before falling off the list.
1994 - Cray T3D named Yukon with 128 CPUs and 19.2 GFLOPS. ARSC had two of the computers on the June 1994 Top 500 list with the new Cray T3D MC128-2 getting #58 on the list and the previous computer Denali was still on the list at position #405. The Cray T3D MC128-2 was #55 on the November 1994 Top 500 list.
1995 - ARSC nabbed the #83 spot on the June 1995 Top 500 list by upgrading to a Cray T3D MC128-8 which maintained a spot on the Top 500 list through 1997.
1997 - ARSC got position #70 on the June 1997 Top 500 list by upgrading Yukon to a Cray T3E with 88 CPUs and 50 GFLOPS. Position #62 on the November 1997 Top 500 list was obtained with another upgrade to the T3E900 with 96 cores. HPC Wire mentions the Cray Y-MP Denali, the visualization labs, the ARSC Video Produ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%26P
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P&P may refer to:
People & Planet, a UK student campaign network
Photochemistry and Photobiology, an academic journal
Picture-in-picture, a feature of some television receivers and similar devices
Postage and packaging, mail charges
Pride and Prejudice, a novel by Jane Austen
Pride and Prejudice (disambiguation), film adaptations of the Austen novel of the same name
Principles and parameters
SMT placement equipment or pick-and-place machines, surface mount technology equipment
Powell and Pressburger, a film-making partnership
Paper and pencil game, board games and the likes played using pencils or pens
"P & P", a song by Kendrick Lamar from his 2009 extended play, Kendrick Lamar
See also
PNP (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Hale%20Wells
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Jonathan Hale Wells is the co-founder and Head of Programming of RES Media Group, which produces the global touring digital film festival, RESFest, and the digital culture publication, RES Magazine.
Wells’ experience as a cultural entrepreneur and promoter of technology began in high school where he first created an entertainment cable TV show at 16. He went on to publish guidebooks, create a nightclub hotline and produce multimedia events. After college, Wells developed the award-winning cable TV show, Flux Television, that Wired Magazine proclaimed “a half-hour gem, in which electronic music videos collide with excellently reported segments on digital culture.”
In 1995 while working late nights at an interactive film company, Wells co-founded the Low Res Film and Video Festival in the basement of his San Francisco apartment. The festival which ran for two years and appeared in prestigious venues in San Francisco, New York, LA and London grew quickly garnering national press and industry buzz. From the ashes of Low Res, Wells fine-tuned the idea of a touring digital film festival and founded RESFest.
References
Alissa Walker (May 15, 2008) "Jonathan Wells: The Champion" LA Weekly
External links
Flux
RESFest (archive)
RES Magazine (archive)
American businesspeople
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional%20share%20scheduling
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Proportional Share Scheduling is a type of scheduling that preallocates certain amount of CPU time to each of the processes. In a proportional share algorithm every job has a weight, and jobs receive a share of the available resources proportional to the weight of every job.
References
Processor scheduling algorithms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerco
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Powerco is the largest dual-energy distribution company in New Zealand by length, and is one of only two dual-energy (electricity and gas) distributors in the country.
Its networks are located in the North Island of New Zealand.
Powerco is owned by Australian companies Queensland Investment Corporation and AMP Limited.
Business
Powerco is a dual-energy distributor. Its role is to bring the gas and electricity delivered by the transmission networks Transpower (for electricity) and Firstgas (for gas) from the gas fields and power stations where it's generated, through its distribution networks, to customers.
Powerco owns and operates 28,935km of electricity lines and cables, and 6,227km of gas pipes. Over 900,000 customers are connected to its networks across 345,000 individual electricity connections and 112,000 individual gas connections.
Its electricity network covers:
Coromandel to South Waikato
Bay of Plenty: Tauranga and Mount Maunganui
Taranaki
Whanganui and Rangitīkei
Manawatū
Wairarapa
Its gas network covers:
Taranaki
Hawke's Bay
Manawatū
Porirua and Hutt Valley
Wellington
Key dates
April 1993 - New Plymouth Energy (the electricity division of the New Plymouth District Council) merges with Taranaki Electricity (former Taranaki Electric Power Board) to become Taranaki Energy Limited.
1994 - Taranaki Energy acquired the Hawera Gas Company.
October 1995 - Taranaki Energy Limited merges with Wanganui-based Powerco (the former Wanganui Electric Power Board) to become Powerco Limited.
September 1997 - Powerco acquires Hawera based Egmont Electricity.
April 1998 - Government pass Electricity Industry Reform Act. PowerCo decided to become a "network business" (or lines company), and the following changes are made:
Electricity Retail Business (customer base) sold to Genesis Power
Gas Retail Business sold to Natural Gas Corporation
Natural Gas Corporation's Taranaki gas networks sold to Powerco
Powerco's five hydro power stations sold to TrustPower
Powerco purchases Wairarapa Electricity's network business (formerly part of the Wairarapa Electric Power Board)
August 2000 - Powerco merged with CentralPower (itself formed by the merger of CentralPower (for former Manawatu-Oroua Power Board) and ElectroPower, the former electricity division of Palmerston North City Council).
June 2001 - Powerco purchases the Hutt Valley and Porirua gas networks from AGL.
February 2002 - Powerco purchases the electricity assets of United Networks Limited in Tauranga, Eastern and Southern Waikato, Thames and Coromandel, plus gas networks in Wellington, Horowhenua, Manawatū and Hawke's Bay.
2004 - Powerco purchased Siemens Energy Services' Tauranga based contracting division
November 2005 - Powerco sold its New Zealand field services contracting business to Tenix Alliance
2008 - Divestment of Powerco Australia Group (Tasmania gas distribution) to Babcock & Brown Infrastructure
Electricity network statistics
Gas network statistics
Ref
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20des%20Autoroutes%20de%20Paris%20Normandie
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SAPN, Société des Autoroutes de Paris Normandie is a motorway operator company in France. It operates motorways in the West of France thanks to concessions given by the French government. Its network is 368 km long.
The SAPN was created in 1963 and since then, has fulfilled the targets set by the French government: build, maintain and operate a network of motorways. Its network serves two regions; Ile-de-France and Normandy. SAPN's network consists of the A14 (16 km long), the A13 (233 km long) and the A29 (119 km long). All motorways, except portions of the A13 are tolled.
SAPN's concession expires in 2033.
External links
SAPN's website
Motorway concessionary companies of France
Transport in Normandy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomysk%20railway%20station
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Pomysk is a non-operational PKP railway station in Pomysk Wielki (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Pomysk article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byt%C3%B3w%20railway%20station
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Bytów is a PKP railway station in Bytów (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Bytów article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borzytuchom%20railway%20station
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Borzytuchom is a non-operational PKP railway station in Borzytuchom (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Borzytuchom article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnowo%20railway%20station
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Barnowo is a non-operational PKP railway station in Barnowo (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Barnowo article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
External links
Barcino at Google Local
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82czyg%C5%82%C3%B3wki%20railway%20station
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Kołczygłówki is a non-operational PKP railway station in Kołczygłówki (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Kołczygłówki article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumieniec%20railway%20station
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Gumieniec is a non-operational PKP railway station in Gumieniec (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Gumieniec article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcino%20railway%20station
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Barcino is a non-operational PKP railway station in Barcino (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Barcino article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
External links
Barcino at Google Local
Barcino information at powiatslupsk.info
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Słupsk County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugoszcz%20railway%20station
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Ugoszcz is a non-operational PKP railway station in Ugoszcz (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Ugoszcz article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3g%20railway%20station
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Róg is a non-operational PKP railway station in Róg (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Róg article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garczyn%20railway%20station
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Garczyn is a PKP railway station in Garczyn (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Garczyn article at Polish Stations Database , URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kościerzyna County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niezabyszewo%20railway%20station
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Niezabyszewo is a non-operational PKP railway station in Niezabyszewo (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Niezabyszewo article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuchomko%20railway%20station
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Tuchomko is a non-operational PKP railway station in Tuchomko (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Tuchomko article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuchomie%20railway%20station
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Tuchomie is a non-operational PKP railway station in Tuchomie (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Tuchomie article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 29 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20notetaking
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Electronic notetaking (ENT), also known as computer-assisted notetaking (CAN), is a system that provides virtually simultaneous access to spoken information to people who are deaf and hard of hearing, facilitating equal participation with their hearing colleagues, coworkers, and classmates. This method is most often used in educational or training sessions, but it is also used at health care appointments, meetings, or interviews.
Using a software program, an operator types a summary of the spoken information into a computer at a minimum typing speed of 60 words per minute. The text is then projected on a screen or transmitted to a second computer.
The text also provides a written record of sessions, which is particularly useful for deaf and hard of hearing attendees.
Electronic notetaking began in the 1990s, when the disability legislation changed, such as the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) in the UK which provided more support.
The operators may work freelance either for an agency or as part of a professional team providing communication support.
See also
Note-taking (general information)
Comparison of notetaking software
Assistive technology
References
Working with an Electronic Notetaker from The Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID)
Computer-Assisted Notetaking from Gallaudet University's Technology Access Program (TAP)
Stereotype Electronic Notetaking Software
NoteED Electronic Notetaking Software from the University of Central Lancashire
The Association of Notetaking Professionals
Assistive technology
Note-taking
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel%20LANSpool
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LANSPool was network printer administration software developed by Intel. The package was designed specifically for the Novell NetWare network operating system. The software allowed users to share printers and faxes and for administrators to modify LAN printing operations. The software takes its name from the acronym for local area network (LAN) and the spooling technique by which computers send information to slow peripherals such as printers.
In March 1992, Intel announced that users of version 3.01 of the software might be at risk from the Michelangelo virus as the manufacturer had found the virus on master copies of the 5¼-inch floppy disks.
External links
retroSoftware - LANSPool
LANSpool and Michelangelo virus
LANSpool
LANSpool
LANSpool
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20computer%20hardware%20in%20Yugoslavia
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The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was a socialist country that existed in the second half of the 20th century. Being socialist meant that strict technology import rules and regulations shaped the development of computer history in the country, unlike in the Western world. However, since it was a non-aligned country, it had no ties to the Soviet Bloc either. One of the major ideas contributing to the development of any technology in SFRY was the apparent need to be independent of foreign suppliers for spare parts, fueling domestic computer development.
Development
Early computers
In former Yugoslavia, at the end of 1962 there were 30 installed electronic computers, in 1966, there were 56, and in 1968 there were 95.
Having received training in the European computer centres (Paris 1954 and 1955, Darmstadt 1959, Wien 1960, Cambridge 1961 and London 1964), engineers from the BK.Institute-Vinča and the Mihailo Pupin Institute- Belgrade, led by Prof. dr Tihomir Aleksić, started a project of designing the first "domestic" digital computer at the end of the 1950s. This was to become a line of CER (), starting with the model CER-10 in 1960, a primarily vacuum tube and electronic relays-based computer.
By 1964, CER-20 computer was designed and completed as "electronic bookkeeping machine", as the manufacturer recognized increasing need in accounting market. This special-purpose trend continued with the release of CER-22 in 1967, which was intended for on-line "banking" applications.
There were more CER models, such as CER-11, CER-12, and CER-200, but there is currently little information here available on them.
In the late 1970s, "Ei-Niš Računarski Centar" from Niš, Serbia, started assembling Mainframe computers H6000 under Honeywell license, mainly for banking businesses. Computer initially had a great success that later led into local limited parts production. In addition, the company produced models such as H6 and H66 and was alive as late as early 2000s under name "Bull HN". Models H6 were installed in enterprises (e.g., telecom) for business applications and ran the GCOS operating system. Also, they were used in education. E.g., one of the built Honeywell H6 was installed in local electronics engineering and trade school "Nikola Tesla" in Niš and was used for training and educational purposes until late 80s and dawn of personal computers.
Imports
Eventually, the socialist government of SFRY allowed foreign computers to be imported under strict conditions. This led to the increasing dominance of foreign mainframes and a continuous reduction of relative market share for domestic products.
Despite this, since the interest in computer technology grew overall, systems built by the Mihailo Pupin Institute (first CER, then TIM lines) and Iskra Delta (e.g. model 800, derivative of PDP-11/34) continued to evolve through the 1970s and even the 1980s.
Early 1980s: Home computer era
Many companies attempted to produce microcomputers simi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20language
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Hybrid language may refer to:
A multi-paradigm programming language, a programming language that draws on elements from more than one programming paradigm, in computer science
In natural language, a mixed language deriving from several languages simultaneously
Any result of language contact
See also
Hybrid (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Default%20constructor
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In computer programming languages, the term default constructor can refer to a constructor that is automatically generated by the compiler in the absence of any programmer-defined constructors (e.g. in Java), and is usually a nullary constructor. In other languages (e.g. in C++) it is a constructor that can be called without having to provide any arguments, irrespective of whether the constructor is auto-generated or user-defined. Note that a constructor with formal parameters can still be called without arguments if default arguments were provided in the constructor's definition.
C++
In C++, the standard describes the default constructor for a class as a constructor that can be called with no arguments (this includes a constructor whose parameters all have default arguments). For example:
class MyClass
{
public:
MyClass(); // constructor declared
private:
int x;
};
MyClass::MyClass() : x(100) // constructor defined
{
}
int main()
{
MyClass m; // at runtime, object m is created, and the default constructor is called
}
When allocating memory dynamically, the constructor may be called by adding parenthesis after the class name. In a sense, this is an explicit call to the constructor:
int main()
{
MyClass * pointer = new MyClass(); // at runtime, an object is created, and the
// default constructor is called
}
If the constructor does have one or more parameters, but they all have default values, then it is still a default constructor. Remember that each class can have at most one default constructor, either one without parameters, or one whose all parameters have default values, such as in this case:
class MyClass
{
public:
MyClass (int i = 0, std::string s = ""); // constructor declared
private:
int x;
int y;
std::string z;
};
MyClass::MyClass(int i, std::string s) // constructor defined
{
x = 100;
y = i;
z = s;
}
In C++, default constructors are significant because they are automatically invoked in certain circumstances; and therefore, in these circumstances, it is an error for a class to not have a default constructor:
When an object value is declared with no argument list (e.g.: MyClass x;) or allocated dynamically with no argument list (e.g.: new MyClass; or new MyClass();), the default constructor of MyClass is used to initialize the object.
When an array of objects is declared, e.g. MyClass x[10];; or allocated dynamically, e.g. new MyClass [10]. The default constructor of MyClass is used to initialize all the elements.
When a derived class constructor does not explicitly call the base class constructor in its initializer list, the default constructor for the base class is called.
When a class constructor does not explicitly call the constructor of one of its object-valued fields in its initializer list, the default constructor for the field's class is called.
In the standard library, certain containers "fill in" values using the defau
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-RAM
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The i-RAM is a solid-state storage device produced by Gigabyte and released in June 2005. It has four DDR RAM DIMM slots, and uses a SATA connection, causing a computer to be able to use the i-RAM as a storage device. The SATA interface limits available bandwidth to a maximum sustained throughput of 150MB/s, and allows latency of 0.1ms.
As the DRAM is volatile memory, an integrated battery is used to allow the contents of the DRAM to be preserved for a limited amount of time after the device's power supply is interrupted.
Features
The i-RAM is faster than the Hard disk drives generally used at the time of its release. The i-RAM uses DDR1 memory, which has the advantage of higher speed than hard drives.
The i-RAM is bottlenecked by the SATA interface, which limits bandwidth to a maximum sustained throughput of 150 MB/s. This speed limitation is offset by near-instant access, with a latency of 0.1 ms.
DRAM is volatile, so power loss will cause data loss. The i-RAM is installed in a PCI slot, which powers it while the PC is plugged in (using standby power if the PC is off). It has a backup battery (10 to 16 hours depending on the configuration), which operates when the PC is not connected to AC mains power.
The i-RAM supports Unbuffered/Non-ECC DDR 200/266/333/400 MHz RAM modules of different capacities (up to 1 GiB), speeds, and brands for a maximum capacity of 4 GiB. Because of this, cost per GB is high, but the device offers a non-mechanical storage method with higher performance than a traditional hard drive.
i-RAM BOX
The i-RAM BOX became available in August 2007. It is essentially a full-width, half-height drive bay implementation of the PCI revision 1.3 product. i-RAM Box's main difference lie in its half height 5.25" drive bay format that connects to a SATA port instead of the PCI bus. It uses a standard 24-pin ATX (motherboard) power cable for standby current (Y cable supplied) and a standard 4-pin Molex power connector. It has a fan header on the PCB and a slightly more spacious PCB layout.
Otherwise, it appears to be identical to the PCI version. It is unknown why this version based on the old PCI design was released rather than the second-generation model shown in 2006. Design changes would have been minimal due to the programmable Xilinx Spartan chipset. Most pundits expected changes to support 2 GiB RAM modules (possibly DDR2) and most importantly SATA 3 Gbit/s.
Second Generation i-RAM
The second-generation i-RAM, GC-RAMDISK, was on display at Computex 2006. Rather than using a PCI slot for powering the drive, Gigabyte had implemented the GC-RAMDISK as a 5.25" drive unit powered from a 4-pin Molex connector. The drive supports four DDR2 memory modules of up to 2 GiB for a total capacity of up to 8 GiB and the interface supports SATA 3.0 Gbit/s, which doubles the transfer rate compared to i-RAM.
Although this version of the I-RAM was displayed at Computex Taipei 2006, during the final revision it lost DDR2 and the higher cap
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle%20Airport%20Metro%20station
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Airport (also known as Newcastle Airport) is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving Newcastle International Airport, Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network as a terminus station on 17 November 1991, following the opening of the extension from Bank Foot to Airport.
History
The majority of the route was already in place, with the alignment having been formerly served by the Ponteland and Darras Hall branch of the Blyth and Tyne Railway. The line opened in June 1905, closing to passenger services in June 1929, with goods services operating in to the late 1960s. The Airport branch only required the construction of a short distance (around ) of new right-of-way.
During the construction of the line, a dedicated bus service operated between Bank Foot and Newcastle International Airport.
In 2014, a survey conducted by the Consumers Association found that the Tyne and Wear Metro service from the Airport was one of the highest rated airport rail links in the country for customer satisfaction – scoring 85%. Only the rail link serving Birmingham International Airport was rated higher.
Facilities
Step-free access is available at all stations across the Tyne and Wear Metro network, with a covered walkway providing step-free access from the terminal building to the ticket hall and platforms. The station is equipped with ticket machines, waiting shelter, seating, next train information displays, timetable posters, and an emergency help point. Ticket machines are able to accept payment with credit and debit card (including contactless payment), notes and coins. The station is fitted with automatic ticket barriers, which were installed at 13 stations across the network during the early 2010s, as well as smartcard validators, which feature at all stations.
There is no dedicated car or bicycle parking available at the station, with car parking controlled and operated by the airport. A taxi rank is located to the front of the terminal building.
Services
, the station is served by up to five trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to four trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar
References
External links
Timetable and station information for Airport
Airport railway stations in the United Kingdom
Newcastle upon Tyne
1991 establishments in England
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1991
Tyne and Wear Metro Green line stations
Transport in Newcastle upon Tyne
Transport in Tyne and Wear
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Smith%20%28chef%29
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Michael Dixon Smith is an American-born Canadian chef and cookbook writer. He has hosted The Inn Chef, Chef at Home, and judged on Chopped: Canada on the Canadian Food Network. Smith is Prince Edward Island's Food Ambassador, a nutritional activist, and an advocate for sustainable home cooking and farm-to-table cuisine.
Career
At age seventeen, Smith started cooking in kitchens while attending art school. Within five years he was the Head Chef at a large, upscale bistro. He then enrolled at The Culinary Institute of America, where he graduated second in his class. After graduation, Smith worked in Michelin three-star restaurants in Europe, as well as kitchens in South Africa, the Caribbean, and New York City.
Smith relocated to Prince Edward Island with the desire to cook sustainably by building a garden and developing partnerships with local farmers and fishermen. Smith started as a chef at The Inn at Bay Fortune in 1991. His first television show, The Inn Chef (1998), was filmed on location at the Inn, and across Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.
Smith lead the team that cooked for athletes in Whistler, British Columbia during the 2010 Vancouver Olympics.
With his wife and business partner Chastity, Smith purchased The Inn at Bay Fortune in 2015. FireWorks, the on site restaurant, practices sustainable cuisine by growing its own vegetables in the surrounding gardens and sourcing local seafood.
In 2019, Smith was appointed to the Order of Canada as a member "for his contributions as a chef, entrepreneur and champion of local foods, as well as for his efforts to develop regional tourism." In the same year, the Smiths opened a sister property, The Inn at Fortune Bridge.
Personal life
In 2009, Smith created a five-year scholarship for students in the Family and Nutritional Sciences Program at the University of Prince Edward Island.
On August 17, 2013, Smith married Chastity Smith, a singer-songwriter, on Prince Edward Island, where they live with their three children Gabe, Ariella, and Camille. Smith is a collector of vintage maps.
Filmography
Bibliography
Cookbooks
Open Kitchen: A Chef's Day at The Inn at Bay Fortune (1998)
The Inn Chef: Creative Ingredients, Sensational Flavors (1999)
Chef Michael Smith's Kitchen: 100 of My Favourite Easy Recipes (2011)
The Best of Chef at Home: Essential Recipes for Today's Kitchen (2011)
Chef at Home (2011)
Fast Flavours: 110 Simple Speedy Recipes (2012)
Back To Basics: 100 Simple Classic Recipes With a Twist (2013)
Family Meals: 100 Easy Everyday Recipes (2014)
Make Ahead Meals: Over 100 Easy Time-Saving Recipes (2015)
Real Food, Real Good: Eat Well With Over 100 of My Simple, Wholesome Recipes (2016)
Farm, Fire & Feast: Recipes from The Inn at Bay Fortune (2021)
References
External links
Food Network Canada biography (archived copy taken March 28, 2014 from the original URL)
1966 births
Living people
21st-century Canadian male writers
American emigrants to Canada
American expatriates in C
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Corridor%20People
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The Corridor People is a British television series that was produced by Granada Television for the ITV network in 1966, devised and written by Edward Boyd.
A surreal black-and-white detective series, The Corridor People pitched security agent Kronk (John Sharp) against exotic villainess Syrie Van Epp (Elizabeth Shepherd) over the course of four episodes.
The series has been released on DVD in the form of electronic conversions from 405 to 625-line video.
Cast
Elizabeth Shepherd as Syrie Van Epp
John Sharp as Kronk
Gary Cockrell as Phil Scrotty
Alan Curtis as Inspector Blood
William Maxwell as Sergeant Hound
Ian Trigger as Nonesuch
Episode list
Reception
The series has been described as "(c)onfusing, erudite, self-consciously absurd and packed with eccentric dialogue"; "a surreal spy/detective/fantasy series"; "very much a product of its televisual times, following in the footsteps of such contemporaries as 'The Avengers' and 'Adam Adamant Lives!' However, unlike these more popular series this stylized swinging sixties Mystery/Detective/Thriller/Spy drama has failed to develop any long-term fan base or appreciation. Perhaps this was due to its limited run which prevented the building of a viewing base or perhaps it was just too off the wall and leftfield even for the psychedelic decade. The otherwise excellent book the Guinness Book of Classic Television describes the programme rather unfairly as "...the Twin Peaks of its day."
References
External links
1966 British television series debuts
1966 British television series endings
1960s British crime television series
Black-and-white British television shows
English-language television shows
ITV television dramas
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows produced by Granada Television
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word%20alignment
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Word alignment may refer to:
Word alignment (linguistics)
Word alignment (computing)
See also
Word boundary (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitext%20word%20alignment
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Bitext word alignment or simply word alignment is the natural language processing task of identifying translation relationships among the words (or more rarely multiword units) in a bitext, resulting in a bipartite graph between the two sides of the bitext, with an arc between two words if and only if they are translations of one another. Word alignment is typically done after sentence alignment has already identified pairs of sentences that are translations of one another.
Bitext word alignment is an important supporting task for most methods of statistical machine translation. The parameters of statistical machine translation models are typically estimated by observing word-aligned bitexts, and conversely automatic word alignment is typically done by choosing that alignment which best fits a statistical machine translation model. Circular application of these two ideas results in an instance of the expectation-maximization algorithm.
This approach to training is an instance of unsupervised learning, in that the system is not given examples of the kind of output desired, but is trying to find values for the unobserved model and alignments which best explain the observed bitext. Recent work has begun to explore supervised methods which rely on presenting the system with a (usually small) number of manually aligned sentences. In addition to the benefit of the additional information provided by supervision, these models are typically also able to more easily take advantage of combining many features of the data, such as context, syntactic structure, part-of-speech, or translation lexicon information, which are difficult to integrate into the generative statistical models traditionally used.
Besides the training of machine translation systems, other applications of word alignment include translation lexicon induction, word sense discovery, word sense disambiguation and the cross-lingual projection of linguistic information.
Training
IBM Models
The IBM models are used in Statistical machine translation to train a translation model and an alignment model. They are an instance of the Expectation–maximization algorithm: in the expectation-step the translation probabilities within each sentence are computed, in the maximization step they are accumulated to global translation probabilities.
Features:
IBM Model 1: lexical alignment probabilities
IBM Model 2: absolute positions
IBM Model 3: fertilities (supports insertions)
IBM Model 4: relative positions
IBM Model 5: fixes deficiencies (ensures that no two words can be aligned to the same position)
HMM
Vogel et al. developed an approach featuring lexical translation probabilities and relative alignment by mapping the problem to a Hidden Markov model. The states and observations represent the source and target words respectively. The transition probabilities model the alignment probabilities. In training the translation and alignment probabilities can be obtained from and in the Forward-back
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovm%C3%B6ller%20diagram
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A Hovmöller diagram is a common way of plotting meteorological data to highlight the behavior of waves, particularly tropical waves. The axes of Hovmöller diagrams depict changes over time of scalar quantities such as temperature, density, and other values of constituents in the atmosphere or ocean, such as depth, height, or pressure. Typically in that case, time is recorded along the abscissa, or x-axis, while 'vertical' values (of depth, height, pressure, etc.) are plotted along the ordinate, or y-axis.
The alternate orientation of axes may also be used, as a Hovmöller diagram may be plotted for longitude or latitude on the abscissa and for (advancing) time on the ordinate; then the contour values of a named physical field may be presented through color or shading.
The Hovmöller diagram was introduced by Ernest Aabo Hovmöller (1912-2008), a Danish meteorologist, in a paper published in 1949.
See also
Tropical wave
Heat map
References
External links
An example Hovmöller diagram showing rainfall
Meteorological diagrams
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20The%20Shield%20characters
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The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series The Shield.
Main characters
Michael Chiklis – Vic Mackey (2002–2008)
Glenn Close – Monica Rawling (2005)
Catherine Dent – Danielle "Danny" Sofer (2002–2008)
Reed Diamond – Terry Crowley (2002, recurring 2003)
Paula Garces – Tina Hanlon (2008, recurring 2006–2007)
Walton Goggins – Shane Vendrell (2002–2008)
Michael Jace – Julien Lowe (2002–2008)
Kenneth Johnson – Curtis "Lem" Lemansky (2002–2006)
Jay Karnes – Holland "Dutch" Wagenbach (2002–2008)
David Marciano – Steve Billings (2008, recurring 2005–2007)
Benito Martinez – David Aceveda (2002–2008)
Cathy Cahlin Ryan – Corrine Mackey (2005–2008, recurring 2002–2004)
David Rees Snell – Ronnie Gardocki (2006–2008, recurring 2002–2005)
CCH Pounder – Claudette Wyms (2002–2008)
Monica Rawling
Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show The Shield, played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance, and Golden Globe Award nomination as Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series - Drama.
Character history
Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct. A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade. The program was extremely unpopular with the local citizens, yet she kept the seizures in place, believing they did more good than harm.
Rawling began her police career in Farmington, where she started as a patrol officer partnered with Rich Nelson. In "Back in the Hole", drug kingpin Antwon Mitchell reveals that Rawling and Nelson had an affair, but the married father Nelson eventually returned to his family. When Mitchell murdered a 14-year-old girl turned police informant, Rawling was determined to take him down. A video recording of him confessing the murder to Shane Vendrell and ordering Vic Mackey's death provided the means to send Mitchell back to jail. However, after finally proving that Mitchell was responsible for ordering the brutal stabbing deaths of two Farmington police officers, Rawling learned that David Aceveda had arranged an immunity deal for the imprisoned drug lord. Learning that the DEA was using Antwon's information to build a case against the Salvadoran drug cartel which had been supplying him with heroin, Captain Rawling ordered Vic and the Strike Team to build a case against the Salvadorans first.
The DEA was enraged and subsequently threatened to cut off all Federal funding to the LA area unless Rawling was fired. Although the Chief immediately complied, Rawling was allowed to remain at the Barn until Mitchell was delivered to the police station and formally arrested for the Farmington cop killings.
Vic informally visited Rawling one last time in her residence in Farmington.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Jelinek
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Frederick Jelinek (18 November 1932 – 14 September 2010) was a Czech-American researcher in information theory, automatic speech recognition, and natural language processing. He is well known for his oft-quoted statement, "Every time I fire a linguist, the performance of the speech recognizer goes up".
Jelinek was born in Czechoslovakia before World War II and emigrated with his family to the United States in the early years of the communist regime. He studied engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and taught for 10 years at Cornell University before accepting a job at IBM Research. In 1961, he married Czech screenwriter Milena Jelinek. At IBM, his team advanced approaches to computer speech recognition and machine translation. After IBM, he went to head the Center for Language and Speech Processing at Johns Hopkins University for 17 years, where he was still working on the day he died.
Personal life
Jelinek was born on November 18, 1932, as Bedřich Jelínek in Kladno to Vilém and Trude Jelínek. His father was Jewish; his mother was born in Switzerland to Czech Catholic parents and had converted to Judaism. Jelínek senior, a dentist, had planned early to escape Nazi occupation and flee to England; he arranged for a passport, visa, and the shipping of his dentistry materials. The couple planned to send their son to an English private school. However, Vilém decided to stay at the last minute and was eventually sent to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, where he died in 1945. The family was forced to move to Prague in 1941, but Frederick, his sister and motherthanks to the latter's backgroundescaped the concentration camps.
After the war, Jelinek entered in the gymnasium, despite having missed several years of schooling because education of Jewish children had been forbidden since 1942. His mother, anxious that her son should get a good education, made great efforts for their emigration, especially when it became clear he would not be allowed to even attempt the graduation examination. His mother hoped her son would become a physician, but Jelinek dreamed of being a lawyer. He studied engineering in evening classes at the City College of New York and received stipends from the National Committee for a Free Europe that allowed him to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. About his choice of specialty, he said: "Fortunately, to electrical engineering there belonged a discipline whose aim was not the construction of physical systems: the theory of information". He obtained his Ph.D. in 1962, with Robert Fano as his adviser.
In 1957, Jelinek paid an unexpected visit to Prague. He had been in Vienna and applied for a visa, hoping to see his former acquaintances again. He met with his old friend Miloš Forman, who introduced him to film student Milena Tobolováwhose screenplay had been the basis for the movie Easy Life (Snadný život). His flight back to the U.S. had a stopover in Munich, during which he called her to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murrow%20Boys
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The Murrow Boys, or Murrow's Boys, were the CBS radio broadcast journalists most closely associated with Edward R. Murrow during his time at the network, most notably in the years before and during World War II.
Murrow recruited a number of newsmen and women to CBS during his years as a correspondent, European news chief, and executive. The "Boys" were his closest professional and personal associates. They also shared Murrow's preference for incisive, thought-provoking coverage of public affairs, abroad and at home. They achieved nationwide fame, and inadvertently became early examples of "celebrity journalism" in the days of radio and early television news.
The original "Boys"
The individuals most often cited as Murrow Boys are those who worked for and with him covering the war for the CBS Radio Network. Many of his World War II recruits came from the United Press news agency, and several lacked radio experience. Their story is the subject of the 1996 book The Murrow Boys, by Stanley Cloud and Lynne Olson.
The nickname's origins are unclear. Cloud and Olson interviewed Janet Murrow and set out to determine who exactly fell under the definition of a "Murrow Boy". They primarily included those hired by or associated with Murrow during World War II, with some exceptions.
The initial team of war correspondents was assigned to fronts across Europe, and frequently appeared on the CBS World News Roundup, which Murrow and Shirer pioneered in 1938. The original Boys, and some of their notable CBS beats during the war, included:
William L. Shirer, who covered the rise of Nazi Germany for CBS from 1937 until the end of 1940 and later wrote a successful 1941 memoir about the years, Berlin Diary. His 1,245 page history, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, is still in print, based largely upon captured documents, the diaries of propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels and General Franz Halder. Additional major sources include testimony and evidence from the Nuremberg trials.
Eric Sevareid, who covered the fall of France and the London Blitz, later covering the war's progress in Great Britain, Italy, Germany, and Asia.
Tom Grandin, a scholar who covered the fall of France before abruptly leaving CBS in 1940.
Larry LeSueur, who covered the Blitz, the Eastern Front, and key World War II fighting in France.
Charles Collingwood, who covered the Blitz, the North African campaign, and the liberation of France.
Howard K. Smith, who covered Germany before Pearl Harbor and later reported from Switzerland and France.
Winston Burdett, who covered Eastern Europe, North Africa, and Italy.
Bill Downs, who covered the Eastern Front, France, and Germany, and later covered the Japanese surrender.
Mary Marvin Breckinridge Patterson, the only woman among the first generation of Boys, who covered Great Britain, Scandinavia, and the Low Countries.
Cecil Brown, who covered Rome, Eastern Europe, Singapore, and North Africa.
Richard C. Hottelet, who covered Great Britain, France, a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Software%20Testing%20Laboratories
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National Software Testing Laboratories (NSTL) was established by serial entrepreneur Joseph Segel in 1983 to test computer software. The company provides certification (such as WHQL and Microsoft Windows Mobile certification), quality assurance, and benchmarking services. NSTL was acquired by Intertek in 2007.
References
External links
Company website
Companies established in 1983
Software testing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Kay
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Andrew F. Kay (January 22, 1919 – August 28, 2014) was a businessman and innovator. He was President and CEO of Kaypro, a personal computer company, which at one time was the world's fourth largest manufacturer of computers, and the largest in the world in sales of portable computers.
Kay, a 1940 graduate of MIT, started his career with Bendix followed by two years at Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In 1952, Kay founded Non-Linear Systems, a manufacturer of digital instrumentation. NLS developed a reputation for providing rugged durability in critical applications for everything from submarines to spacecraft. At NLS he invented the digital voltmeter, in 1952.
He founded Kaypro Corporation in 1982, which sold computers. In 1985, it had more than $120 million in revenues, dwarfing what had been its parent, NLS. But the company's success was relatively short-lived; in 1990 it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and it was liquidated in 1992.
In the late 1990s, Kay founded Kay Computers, which similarly manufactured and sold personal computers. The company lasted for less than ten years.
Kay later was a Senior Business Advisor to Accelerated Composites, LLC.
He co-founded the Rotary Club of Del Mar, California.
Andrew Kay died at age 95 in August of 2014.
References
External links
, AcceleratedComposites.com; accessed September 8, 2014.
Computer pioneer Andrew Kay dies at 95, utsandiego.com; accessed September 8, 2014.
Andrew Kay obituary, legacy.com; accessed September 8, 2014.
Patent 2813266 Patent for Indicator Device and Means for Mounting (1957)
American computer businesspeople
American inventors
American technology company founders
Businesspeople from California
1919 births
2014 deaths
Businesspeople from Akron, Ohio
People from Del Mar, California
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
Bendix Corporation people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molokai%20Island%20Times
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The Molokai Island Times was one of three newspapers on the Hawaiian island of Moloka'i. It was founded in December 2004 by Brennan Purtzer and Darrell Williams with a subsidy from computer software guru John McAfee, Williams' English cousin, and served as the newest community paper for "The Friendly Isle" of Molokai from 2005–2006, before becoming known as The Molokai Times in January 2007.
It provided news relevant to the Molokai community, along with coverage of sports and politics. The newspaper's stated goal was "to entertain while maintaining the utmost journalistic integrity." The declaration in every issue of the broadsheet publication was, "If it happens here ... it's in here."
Hawaiian Pacific Media's Brennan Purtzer purchased Williams' interest in the company in October 2006. With new operating partner Tim Kline they expanded the capacities of the newspaper in several electronic formats. In January 2007, The Molokai Island Times re-branded itself as The Molokai Times, and was published by Hawaiian Pacific Media, LLC, operated jointly by Tim Kline and Brennan Purtzer.
In June 2007 The Molokai Times hired a new editor to oversee the production of the weekly newspaper. David Lichtenstein, a newspaper professional with over 20 years of journalism and editorial experience, came from Colorado to work on the newspaper.
With the arrival of Lichtenstein, Purtzer moved out of the role of editor, and assumed responsibility for the newspaper's publication, also acting as HPM's CEO and Editor of The Hawaii Golf Journal. The Publisher role at The Molokai Times was taken over by Kline in December 2007, when Purtzer left to temporarily work on the national media team for a 2008 presidential campaign.
In May 2008, the paper was sold to new owner/operators in the form of Lester Keanini and Eric Wong, Molokai-born native Hawaiians.
In September 2008, the newspaper announced it was closing down its operations.
The Molokai Times remains inactive as a Molokai island newspaper (as of 2009) and there is no announced intent to restart either the publication or its internet site. This leaves the island of Molokai with its older news publication, the Molokai Dispatch (published in Kaunakakai) and one other paper published weekly on the east end of the island, the Molokai Advertiser-News.
References
Defunct newspapers published in Hawaii
Molokai
Newspapers established in 2004
2004 establishments in Hawaii
Publications disestablished in 2008
2008 disestablishments in Hawaii
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20expander
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A port expander is computer hardware that allows more than one device to connect to a single port on a computer. The VIC-20, for example, used a port expander to allow more than one cartridge to connect to the single ROM cartridge port.
A port expander can be any device to which one existing or onboard port becomes two or more - for example: a KVM switch or a USB hub. Such expanders offer the advantage of allowing more devices of a particular port type to be utilized at the same time. A major downside is that, for example, a 3Gbit/s port might have a hub or expander installed and now be able to accommodate 6 devices, but at a maximum of 3Gbit/s throughput bandwidth divided by the said 6 devices, or by however many are plugged in and being used. A port expander is a device that allows one port on a computer system to connect to multiple devices. Two basic forms of port expander exist: internal and external. An internal expander has a connection inside the computer, typically on the motherboard, and the only part the user sees is the expansion plate containing multiple ports. An external device plugs into the existing port and then has multiple places to connect. When not part of a computer system, these devices are commonly known as splitters.
In the non-computer world, splitters are very common. Extension cords and power strips are in nearly every modern home. Both of these devices will split a single outlet to multiple devices. Cable splitters also operate in many homes, allowing a single coaxial cable to provide cable television to multiple sets. Some systems may even use an A/B box, a device that connects multiple sets of devices to the same system, with users switching between them by flipping between the A or B mode.
These devices all perform the same basic job that a port expander does. The expander will connect to a single spot, but have multiple connections for devices. They go by several names, such as "switch", "hub" or "splitter", but they all do the same thing. Manufacturers have produced expanders for nearly every type of port, but the most common household versions connect to universal serial bus (USB) or to Ethernet ports.
See also
Docking station
External links
Definition at Computerhope
Computer peripherals
Computer connectors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCTV
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Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) was a Venezuelan free-to-air television network headquartered in the Caracas neighborhood of Quinta Crespo. It was sometimes referred to as the Canal de Bárcenas. Owned by Empresas 1BC, Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) was inaugurated on 15 November 1953 by William H. Phelps, Jr. Its radio counterpart was Radio Caracas Radio.
On 27 May 2007, president Hugo Chávez decided to shut down the channel by refusing to renew their broadcast concession, accusing the channel of being involved in the 2002 coup d'état in Venezuela, which briefly overthrew his government. The Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) upheld the National Commission of Telecommunications (CONATEL) decision. RCTV continued to broadcast via pay television on RCTV Internacional. In January 2010, RCTV was sanctioned with temporary closure. It rejected the Venezuelan media regulator's finding that it was a domestic media provider. On 7 September 2015, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled that the refusal to renew the concession was an "indirect restriction on the exercise of freedom of expression [...] aimed at impeding the communication and circulation of ideas and opinions", that the government violated the right to due process and that it must restore the concession for RCTV. The Venezuelan government has ignored the ruling.
In 2010, the Council on Foreign Relations described RCTV as "the most important independent television station in Venezuela".
History
1953 to 1960
Radio Caracas Televisión, C.A. was established on 18 August 1953 by the Corporación Radiofónica de Venezuela (more commonly known as Coraven, a subsidiary of the Grupo Phelps and RCA), whose mission was that of launching a television network. In the month of September, Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) began test broadcasts on channel seven using the call sign YVKS-TV, and on 15 November, the network was officially inaugurated at 7:30 pm. RCTV was the third television network to begin operations in Venezuela after Televisora Nacional and Televisa, seen on channels five and four, respectively, and the second commercial network after Televisa.
On 8 October, during RCTV's testing phase, the inaugural game of the XIV World Cup of Baseball was broadcast. This game matched Cuba and Venezuela and took place at the recently opened stadium of the Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas.
The official inauguration of RCTV took place at its studios located between the corners of Bárcenas and Río in Quinta Crespo, and had the presence of the Minister of Communications, Colonel Félix Román Moreno, the proprietors of the network, and a small group of special guests. In charge of the inauguration was William H. Phelps, Jr., the founding president of the new company, and his wife, Kathy Phelps.
The first program that was aired by the newly inaugurated network was the musical Fiesta, which hosted by Ramírez Cabrera and sponsored by Cerveza Caracas. Afterwards, RCTV aired a program titled El Farol, which
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgt.%20Saunders%27%20Combat%21
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is a turn-based strategy video game based on the 1960s television series originally broadcast on the ABC Television Network. It was released for the Super Famicom exclusively in Japan.
Summary
The player can play either as Sgt. Saunders or as one of the Axis forces that fought in Europe and North Africa during World War II (Vichy France, Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany). MIDI-quality sound faithfully captures the theme music of the original television program. In addition, the montage of the series cast added a sense of austerity and seriousness into the game itself. The graphics and animations are, surprisingly, neither cute, super deformed, or in the anime style - depicting a "live action war" with "live action characters."
Although most of the characters in Sgt. Saunder's Combat! are fictitious, there are four commanding officers in the game that actually existed and served in World War II.
Lesley J. McNair (U.S. Army)
Anthony McAuliffe (U.S. Army)
Karl Bülowius (German officer for Panzer Army Africa) - listed in game as Karl
Joachim Peiper (German SS Officer)
Gameplay
The object in the game is to defeat Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini so that the U.S. forces can concentrate on the Pacific Front against the Empire of Japan. The orders are in English, and are subtitled in Japanese, even though the game was never released in either North America or Europe. Using the Super Famicom mouse or the Super Famicom controller, the players gives commands to each individual unit that is under his or her control. Orders range from moving a friendly unit, attacking an enemy unit, treating a wounded person (including himself), summoning an artillery attack, exchanging weapons/items, and even fixing weapons that get jammed after repeated use.
The game has two difficulty levels; normal and expert. In the normal mode, Sgt. Saunders or his German counterpart (depending on the scenario) is strong and can fend off any blows. However, in the expert mode, Sgt. Saunders can get wounded or even killed - causing the mission to immediately end with a complete failure for the player and an immediate victory for the computer opponent. After each player has completed all eight phases that consists of a single turn, both players engage all opponents that are on the same square as their unit(s) in a crisis mode. Before the next turn can begin, the player must either release the hostage, kill the hostage in hand-to-hand combat, or merely capture him as a prisoner of war. Just like in real life combat, not all actions will be successful and most will end in failure if the enemy is strong enough to resist. A percentage gauge in addition to an advisor gives players the chance of failure for each action. The closer to 100% the gauge is, the chances of success with a certain action will increase.
During the campaign mode, a player is given a squad of units to command. While other infantry units, tanks, and motorized units (including half-ton trucks produced by GMC during the 1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartok%20%28compiler%29
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Bartok is an optimizing compiler and managed runtime system for Common Intermediate Language (which .NET languages compile to), being developed by Microsoft Research.
Overview
Bartok aims to be efficient enough to be usable for writing operating systems. It provides services such as automatic memory management and garbage collection, threading, and marshalling data to and from native code, as well as verification of CIL code. Bartok is written in C#, including the garbage collector. Bartok is being used by Microsoft Research for the implementation of Singularity, a highly-dependable operating system written almost entirely in managed code.
Bartok allows various implementations of the garbage collector, base class library and other components to be chosen at runtime on a per-application basis. This feature is being used to write the different components of Singularity – kernel, device drivers, and applications – each using a separate class library that exposes functionality required by (and optimized for) the specific usage.
See also
Roslyn (compiler)
List of compilers
References
Further reading
External links
Microsoft Research
Compilers
Microsoft initiatives
Microsoft Research
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20mapping
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For data analysis, Random mapping (RM) is a fast dimensionality reduction method categorized as feature extraction method. The RM consists in generation of a random matrix that is multiplied by each original vector and result in a reduced vector. When the data vectors are high-dimensional it is computationally infeasible to use data analysis or pattern recognition algorithms which repeatedly compute similarities or distances in the original data space. It is therefore necessary to reduce the dimensionality before, for example, clustering the data. In a text mining context, it is demonstrated that the document classification accuracy obtained after the dimensionality has been reduced using a random mapping method will be almost as good as the original accuracy if the final dimensionality is sufficiently large (about 100 out of 6000). In fact, it can be shown that the inner product (similarity) between the mapped vectors follows closely the inner product of the original vectors.
See also
Random variable
Semantic mapping
Random projection
References
Kaski, S. Dimensionality reduction by random mapping: fast similarity computation for clustering. Proceedings of The 1998 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1998. pp. 413–418. doi: 10.1109/IJCNN.1998.682302
Data analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%20Post%20Radio
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Washington Post Radio was a short-lived attempt by Bonneville Broadcasting and The Washington Post to create a commercial long-form all-news radio network in the style of National Public Radio. The small network of stations based in the Washington, D.C., area occupied the AM 1500 frequency, which up to the point of the founding of WPR was the home of Bonneville's all-news WTOP, and is set to be given to WFED.
WTWP-AMFM, WTWT and W282BA all were former frequencies and simulcasts of sister station WTOP. WTWP-AM-FM were spun off the WTOP simulcast on March 30, 2006 with the sign-on of "Washington Post Radio" as WTWP-AM-FM. The primary AM station had been WTOP since 1943 (and dates its history back to Brooklyn, New York, station WTRC in 1926), while WTWP-FM had been a simulcast of WTOP since 1998. WWWB had simulcast WTOP since 2001, before switching to a simulcast of WTWP as WTWT on June 28, 2007.
During the weekday hours, WTWP provided news and commentary in a long-form style similar to that of National Public Radio, but on a commercial station staffed and programmed jointly by The Washington Post and WTOP. From 8 PM to 5 AM ET, the station was programmed as a general interest talk radio station, featuring hosts such as Clark Howard, Larry King and Jim Bohannon. On weekends, WTWP rebroadcast programs produced by Radio Netherlands and George Washington University along with original long-form content such as a call-in show with Post automotive columnist Warren Brown .
The Tony Kornheiser Show, hosted by Post columnist, host of ESPN's Pardon the Interruption, and Monday Night Football analyst Tony Kornheiser, moved to WTWP on February 20, 2007. The program aired weekday mornings from 8:30 to 10:30, and was replayed from 10:30 to 12:30 pm and at other times of the day. Kornheiser left the program at the end of June, 2007 to resume his Monday Night Football duties (Post Radio anchor David Burd, among others, will fill in the post until Kornheiser returns after the 2007–08 season).
WTWP, like WTOP and WWWT, was a member of the CBS Radio Network, and retransmitted the audio portion of the CBS television shows Face the Nation and 60 Minutes.
Demise
The Washington Post reported that they would discontinue the Washington Post Radio service after Bonneville decided to pull the plug, citing financial losses and low ratings.
Bonneville International officially launched personality driven talk format Talk Radio 3WT, with the WWWT callsign on September 20, 2007. Kornheiser's show, still produced in agreement with the Post, returned to the station in January 2008 and ran again through June 2008. 3WT, in turn, was closed in fall 2008, and its frequencies were given back to WFED and WTOP. The overnight talk programming will remain on WFED, since the original WFED was a daytime-only station with no programming in that time slot.
Kornheiser's show ended up on WTEM. The WTWT calls now reside on a Christian rock radio station in the Twin Tiers.
External link
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC%20447
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IC 447 is a reflection nebula in the constellation Monoceros.
References
NGC/IC Data for IC 447
External links
IC 0447
IC 0447
0447
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-band%20data
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In computer networking, out-of-band data is the data transferred through a stream that is independent from the main in-band data stream. An out-of-band data mechanism provides a conceptually independent channel, which allows any data sent via that mechanism to be kept separate from in-band data. The out-of-band data mechanism should be provided as an inherent characteristic of the data channel and transmission protocol, rather than requiring a separate channel and endpoints to be established. The term "out-of-band data" probably derives from out-of-band signaling, as used in the telecommunications industry.
Example case
Consider a networking application that tunnels data from a remote data source to a remote destination. The data being tunneled may consist of any bit patterns. The sending end of the tunnel may at times have conditions that it needs to notify the receiving end about. However, it cannot simply insert a message to the receiving end because that end will not be able to distinguish the message from data sent by the data source. By using an out-of-band mechanism, the sending end can send the message to the receiving end out of band. The receiving end will be notified in some fashion of the arrival of out-of-band data, and it can read the out of band data and know that this is a message intended for it from the sending end, independent of the data from the data source.
Implementations
It is possible to implement out-of-band data transmission using a physically separate channel, but most commonly out-of-band data is a feature provided by a transmission protocol using the same channel as normal data. A typical protocol might divide the data to be transmitted into blocks, with each block having a header word that identifies the type of data being sent, and a count of the data bytes or words to be sent in the block. The header will identify the data as being in-band or out-of-band, along with other identification and routing information. At the receiving end, the protocol looks at the header and routes the data to the normal reception endpoint if it is in-band, and to a separate mechanism if it is out-of-band. Depending on the implementation, there may be some mechanism for notifying or interrupting the receiving application when out-of-band data has arrived.
The most commonly used protocol containing an out-of-band data mechanism is the Internet's Transmission Control Protocol. It implements out-of-band data using an "urgent pointer," which marks certain data in the transmitted data stream as out-of-band. Unfortunately, a long-existing discrepancy between RFC 793 and RFC 1122 limits the usability of this feature of TCP; nonetheless, it is heavily used by certain standard application protocols, notably the Telnet protocol.
On Unix-like computers, out-of-band data can be read with the recv() system call. A process or process group can be configured to receive SIGURG signals when out-of-band data is available for reading on a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit%20%28cipher%29
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Rabbit is a high-speed stream cipher from 2003. The algorithm and source code was released in 2008 as public domain software.
History
Rabbit was first presented in February 2003 at the 10th FSE workshop. In May 2005, it was submitted to the eSTREAM project of the ECRYPT network.
Rabbit was designed by Martin Boesgaard, Mette Vesterager, Thomas Pedersen, Jesper Christiansen and Ove Scavenius.
The authors of the cipher have provided a full set of cryptanalytic white papers on the Cryptico home page. It is also described in RFC 4503. Cryptico had patents pending for the algorithm and for many years required a license fee for commercial use of the cipher which was waived for non-commercial uses. However, the algorithm was made free for any use on October 6, 2008. Also the website states that the algorithm and implementation is public domain software and offers the source code free for download.
Functionality
Rabbit uses a 128-bit key and a 64-bit initialization vector. The cipher was designed with high performance in software in mind, where fully optimized implementations achieve an encryption cost of up to 3.7 cpb on a Pentium 3, and of 9.7 cpb on an ARM7. However, the cipher also turns out to be very fast and compact in hardware.
The core component of the cipher is a bitstream generator which encrypts 128 message bits per iteration. The cipher's strength rests on a strong mixing of its inner state between two consecutive iterations. The mixing function is entirely based on arithmetical operations that are available on a modern processor, i.e., no S-boxes or lookup tables are required to implement the cipher. The mixing function uses a g-function based on arithmetical squaring, and the ARX operations – logical XOR, bit-wise rotation with fixed rotation amounts, and addition modulo 232.
The g-function used in Rabbit – squaring a 32-bit number to produce a 64-bit number, and then combining the left half and the right half of that square number with xor, to produce a 32-bit result – provides much better results than using the 32 middle bits of that squared number (the middle-square method).
Security
Rabbit claims 128-bit security against attackers whose target is one specific key. If, however, the attacker targets a large number of keys at once and does not really care which one he breaks, then the small IV size results in a reduced security level of 96 bit. This is due to generic TMD trade-off attacks.
A small bias in the output of Rabbit exists, resulting in a distinguisher with 2247 complexity discovered by Jean-Philippe Aumasson in December 2006. Even though this distinguisher was improved to 2158 in 2008, it is not a threat to Rabbit's security because its complexity is significantly higher than the brute-force of the key space (2128).
References
External links
Rabbit RFC
eSTREAM page on Rabbit
Stream ciphers
Public-domain software with source code
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-PLOR
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X-PLOR is a computer software package for computational structural biology originally developed by Axel T. Brunger at Yale University. It was first published in 1987 as an offshoot of CHARMM - a similar program that ran on supercomputers made by Cray Inc. It is used in the fields of X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (NMR) analysis.
X-PLOR is a highly sophisticated program that provides an interface between theoretical foundations and experimental data in structural biology, with specific emphasis on X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solution of biological macro-molecules. It is intended mainly for researchers and students in the fields of computational chemistry, structural biology, and computational molecular biology.
See also
Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling
Molecular mechanics
References
External links
The program's reference manual hosted at Oxford University
Molecular dynamics software
Computer libraries
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20Star%20Ate%20My%20Hamster
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Rock Star Ate My Hamster is a management strategy computer game developed by Codemasters in 1988 and originally released on their full-price Gold label for the Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amiga and Atari ST. The game was written by Colin Jones, later to become known as author/publisher Colin Bradshaw-Jones.
The name of the game was inspired by a 1986 Sun newspaper headline - 'Freddie Starr ate my hamster'.
Synopsis
Desperate to get out of the circus theatrics business, Cecil Pitt and his sidekick, Clive, turn to the world of Rock music Management with the help of a £50,000 inheritance.
Objective
To win the game, one must select a band, record an album and earn 4 gold discs within the space of a year. If the player fails to meet this target, goes bankrupt or has no musicians left, the game is over.
Gameplay
The game is almost entirely menu-driven with options that allow the player to decide what the band does next.
The player's first task as manager is to pick musicians for the band (see below), and then decide whether they should buy them brand-new equipment, second-hand equipment or get some dodgy gear off the back of a lorry.
Once in the main game, the options presented are as follows:
Practice - Lock the band away for up to 5 days so they can practice. The music of the band is also presented, gradually increasing from atonal noise to actual music. (Songs are generated on the fly by the software.)
Gig - Go on tour. This is the primary source of moneymaking in the game.
Publicity - Organise a publicity stunt that can make the band more famous, but can also trigger events that kill a band member.
Gifts - Buy the band some gifts to keep them sweet, otherwise they may make some rather costly ultimatums.
Record - Once the band gets a recording contract, this option appears and allows them to record an album.
Release - Once the album's recorded, this option releases it along with any singles.
Along the way, the player also has to decide:
Whether or not to play a charity gig. Some of the charities that contact the band are real and others fake. The band could end up with negative publicity if they ignore a genuine charity or get duped by a bogus one.
Whether or not to accept a sponsorship deal.
To shoot a Music video and who will direct it, the location and the theme of this project. The player has the options to select from a range of choices, each with a cost value. Expensive directors and locations or less costly ones. As with the parodical nature of the game director names lampoon real-life directors. A selection choice of a high level (most expensive) director is named Steven Cheeseburger (Steven Spielberg). There are many others fitting with the theme of recognizable but legally distinct names.
Which recording contract is best for the player's band.
What to do if a little organisation in Korea is bootlegging his or her records. Players have to decide if they should do nothing, sue them, buy them out or "send in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RASC
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RASC may be:
Reconfigurable Application-Specific Computing, a specialized reconfigurable computer for high-performance computing
Research and Advocacy Standing Committee, part of the Singapore Children's Society
Royal Army Service Corps, a former corps of the British Army
Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, formed in 1903
The former Royal Australian Survey Corps is sometimes incorrectly abbreviated RASC. Its correct abbreviation is RASvy.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brace%20notation
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In several programming languages, such as Perl, brace notation is a faster way to extract bytes from a string variable.
In pseudocode
An example of brace notation using pseudocode which would extract the 82nd character from the string is:
a_byte = a_string{82}
The equivalent of this using a hypothetical function 'MID' is:
a_byte = MID(a_string, 82, 1)
In C
In C, strings are normally represented as a character array rather than an actual string data type. The fact a string is really an array of characters means that referring to a string would mean referring to the first element in an array. Hence in C, the following is a legitimate example of brace notation:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
char* a_string = "Test";
printf("%c", a_string[0]); // Would print "T"
printf("%c", a_string[1]); // Would print "e"
printf("%c", a_string[2]); // Would print "s"
printf("%c", a_string[3]); // Would print "t"
printf("%c", a_string[4]); // Would print the 'null' character (ASCII 0) for end of string
return(0);
}
Note that each of a_string[n] would have a 'char' data type while a_string itself would return a pointer to the first element in the a_string character array.
In C#
C# handles brace notation differently. A string is a primitive type that returns a char when encountered with brace notation:
String var = "Hello World";
char h = var[0];
char e = var[1];
String hehe = h.ToString() + e.ToString(); // string "he"
hehe += hehe; // string "hehe"
To change the char type to a string in C#, use the method ToString(). This allows joining individual characters with the addition symbol + which acts as a concatenation symbol when dealing with strings.
In Python
In Python, strings are immutable, so it's hard to modify an existing string, but it's easy to extract and concatenate strings to each other:
Extracting characters is even easier:
>>> var = 'hello world'
>>> var[0] # Return the first character as a single-letter string
'h'
>>> var[-1]
'd'
>>> var[len(var)-1] # len(var) is the length of the string in var; len(var)-1 is the index of the last character of the string.
'd'
>>> var = var + ' ' + var[8] + var[7] + var[2] + var[1]
>>> var
'hello world role'
Python is flexible when it comes to details, note var[-1] takes -1 as the index number. That index is interpreted as the first character beginning from the end of the string. Consider 0 as the index boundary for a string; zero is inclusive, hence it will return the first character. At index 1 and above, all characters belonging to each index are 'extracted' from left to right. At index -1 and below, all characters are 'extracted' from right to left. Since there are no more characters before index 0, Python "redirects" the cursor to the end of the string where characters are read right to left. If a string has length n, then the maximum index boundary is n-1 and the minimum index boundary is -n which returns the same cha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministic%20parsing
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In natural language processing, deterministic parsing refers to parsing algorithms that do not backtrack. LR-parsers are an example. (This meaning of the words "deterministic" and "non-deterministic" differs from that used to describe nondeterministic algorithms.)
The deterministic behavior is desired and expected in compiling programming languages. In natural language processing, it was thought for a long time that deterministic parsing is impossible due to ambiguity inherent in natural languages (many sentences have more than one plausible parse). Thus, non-deterministic approaches such as the chart parser had to be applied. However, Mitch Marcus proposed in 1978 the Parsifal parser that was able to deal with ambiguities while still keeping the deterministic behavior.
See also
Deterministic context-free grammar
References
Alfred V. Aho, Stephen C. Johnson, Jeffrey D. Ullman (1975): Deterministic parsing of ambiguous grammars. Comm. ACM 18:8:441-452.
Mitchell Marcus (1978): A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural Language. PhD Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Parsing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greystones%20railway%20station
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Greystones railway station () is a railway station in Greystones, County Wicklow, Ireland. It is the southern terminus of the DART electrified rail network.
Facilities and services
The station has two platforms; platform 1 on the west side of the station (where the station building is located) and platform 2 over the footbridge on the east side of the station. Platform 2 is used only a few times a day, when DART and InterCity services are in the station at the same time. There are also sidings to the east of the station.
Entrance to the station building is only possible from Church Road. The station houses one retail unit, currently occupied by a café (previously an estate agent), a ticket office and two electronic ticket machines. Toilets are also available on Platform 1. The ticket office is open between 07:00 -10:00 AM, Monday to Friday.
DART services serve the station, as do all South Eastern Commuter (Dublin Connolly to Gorey) and Intercity (Dublin Connolly to Rosslare Europort) services.
The typical service from the station (Monday to Friday off-peak) is:
2 trains per hour to Howth or Malahide via Bray Daly and Dublin Connolly
4 trains per day to Rosslare Europort via Arklow
1 train per day to Wexford O'Hanrahan via Arklow
1 train per day to Gorey
5 trains per day to Dublin Connolly via Bray Daly (services from south of Greystones)
1 train per day to Dundalk.
2 trains per hour also terminate at the station.
History
The station was opened on 30 October 1855 by the Dublin, Wicklow and Wexford Railway as Greystones & Delgany. It was later renamed Greystones in 1863.
Construction of the electrification and extension of the DART services to Greystones began in 1995 and was completed in 1999. The DART service to Greystones commenced on 10 April 2000.
Bus services
There are two bus stops directly outside the station on Church Road, one for northbound routes and the other for southbound. Operators serving the station include Dublin Bus route 84, Go-Ahead Ireland route 184, Aircoach and the Finnegan Bray Night Bus. There is also a taxi rank near the station.
See also
List of railway stations in Ireland
References
External links
Irish Rail Greystones Station Website
Iarnród Éireann stations in County Wicklow
Railway stations in County Wicklow
Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland opened in 1855
Greystones
1855 establishments in Ireland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%20hoc%20analysis
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In a scientific study, post hoc analysis (from Latin post hoc, "after this") consists of statistical analyses that were specified after the data were seen. They are usually used to uncover specific differences between three or more group means when an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test is significant. This typically creates a multiple testing problem because each potential analysis is effectively a statistical test. Multiple testing procedures are sometimes used to compensate, but that is often difficult or impossible to do precisely. Post hoc analysis that is conducted and interpreted without adequate consideration of this problem is sometimes called data dredging by critics because the statistical associations that it finds are often spurious.
Common post hoc tests
Some common post hoc tests include:
Holm-Bonferroni Procedure
Newman-Keuls
Rodger’s Method
Scheffé’s Method
Tukey’s Test (see also: Studentized Range Distribution)
Causes
Sometimes the temptation to engage in post hoc analysis is motivated by a desire to produce positive results or see a project as successful. In the case of pharmaceutical research, there may be significant financial consequences to a failed trial.
See also
HARKing
Testing hypotheses suggested by the data
Nemenyi test
References
Data analysis
Multiple comparisons
Clinical research
Medical statistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery%20and%20XPath%20Data%20Model
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The XQuery and XPath Data Model (XDM) is the data model shared by the XPath 2.0, XSLT 2.0, XQuery, and XForms programming languages. It is defined in a W3C recommendation. Originally, it was based on the XPath 1.0 data model which in turn is based on the XML Information Set.
The XDM consists of flat sequences of zero or more items which can be typed or untyped, and are either atomic values or XML nodes (of seven kinds: document, element, attribute, text, namespace, processing instruction, and comment). Instances of the XDM can optionally be XML schema-validated.
References
External links
IBM: XQuery and XPath data model
Data modeling
XML data access
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation%20in%20Toronto
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Transportation in the Canadian city of Toronto forms the hub of the road, rail and air networks in the Greater Toronto Area and much of southern Ontario. There are many forms of transport in the city, including railways, highways, and public transit. Toronto also has an extensive network of bicycle lanes and multi-use trails and paths.
Railways
Toronto is a major rail transportation hub in Canada and central North America, with most commercial rail freight operations carried out by two Class I railways, Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway. Both companies operate major yards and intermodal facilities in various parts of Toronto to serve manufacturing and logistics customers.
Although at one time, both railways saw most of their operations based out of the waterfront area, over time they have shifted to facilities in suburban Toronto or adjacent municipalities. Most waterfront trackage has been scaled back and abandoned in favour of real-estate development, with the remaining main lines in this area being almost the exclusive domain of passenger carriers. Significant portions of the railway network in the City of Toronto have been sold by the commercial railways to GO Transit, the provincial commuter rail operator.
Toronto is served by inter-city Via Rail to other Canadian cities and Amtrak's daily New York City trains through Union Station, a grand neoclassical structure in the heart of the city's downtown, which is shared with GO Transit's commuter trains.
The Union Pearson Express, an airport rail link from Toronto Pearson International Airport to Union Station and the central business district, started operation on June 6, 2015. It was completed in time for the 2015 Pan American Games.
Bus terminals
GO Transit operates all of its commuter bus services into and out of downtown Toronto from the Union Station Bus Terminal, a terminal owned and operated by GO Transit and adjacent to Union Station. This bus terminal was opened in 2020, replacing an earlier Union Station GO Bus Terminal. GO Transit also operates the Yorkdale Bus Terminal at Yorkdale Shopping Centre and several terminals at subway stations, including Finch Bus Terminal, Scarborough Centre Bus Terminal and York Mills Bus Terminal.
Most intercity coach services operate out of the new Union Station Bus Terminal after relocating from the decommissioned Toronto Coach Terminal at Bay and Dundas in 2021. Intercity coach companies operating services out of the Union Station Bus Terminal include Ontario Northland, Megabus, TOK Coachlines, Rider Express, Flixbus, and Greyhound Lines.
Highways
There are a number of freeways that serve both the city proper and the Greater Toronto Area. Bisecting the city from west to east across its inner suburbs, Highway 401 (or simply, "the 401") acts as a bypass of the downtown core, and is both the busiest and widest highway in Canada. At its interchange with Highway 400, where it spans 18 lanes, it sees over 400,000 vehicles on an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natasha%20Fatah
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Natasha Fatah is a Canadian journalist, based in Toronto, Ontario. She is a host for CBC News Network.
Early life and education
Fatah was born in Karachi, Pakistan and spent most of her childhood in Saudi Arabia in Riyadh and Jeddah; she has also lived in Amsterdam, Montreal and Mexico City.
Fatah earned a degree in political science at the University of Toronto, and then earned another degree in journalism at Toronto's Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University).
Career
From 1999 to 2000, Fatah was co-chair of the Ontario New Democratic Youth. In the wake of the 1999 Ontario provincial election, Fatah called for Howard Hampton to resign his leadership of the Ontario New Democratic Party.
She was a producer at CBC Radio One's national current affairs radio show As It Happens, Toronto beat reporter for its Ontario regional weekend morning show Fresh Air, and author of the column "Minority Report" in CBC.ca's Viewpoint section from 2004 to 2013.
She has been a television and radio reporter for CBC Windsor, filing for CBE radio and CBET-TV.
In the summer of 2010, Fatah hosted the CBC Radio One summer program Promised Land, a series which presented stories about refugees to Canada.
Personal life
Her father was internationally recognized author and secular Muslim activist Tarek Fatah, who was a Sunni Punjabi. Her mother, Nargis Tapal, hails from one of the prominent Shia Bohra families of Gujarati origin.
In 2011, she married Chris Kayaniotes. On 14 April 2019, Fatah interviewed actress and activist Nazanin Boniadi about the fate of human rights lawyer, Nasrin Sotoudeh, recently sentenced for up to 38 years in Tehran, Iran.
, she is the anchor chair of CBC's News Network, appearing on Sundays and Fridays.
Fatah has appeared as the host of CBC News Network Weekend and the current affairs program, In-Depth with Natasha Fatah.
References
Living people
Canadian columnists
Canadian television reporters and correspondents
Canadian radio reporters and correspondents
Toronto Metropolitan University alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian writers of Asian descent
CBC Radio hosts
Pakistani people of Gujarati descent
Punjabi people
Pakistani emigrants to Canada
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Journalists from Karachi
Journalists from Toronto
Canadian women television journalists
Canadian women radio journalists
Canadian women columnists
Canadian people of Gujarati descent
1980 births
Canadian women radio hosts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV%20Cultura
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TV Cultura or simply Cultura, is a free Brazilian public television network headquartered in São Paulo and a part of Father Anchieta Foundation, a non-profit foundation funded by the São Paulo State Government. It focuses on educational and cultural subjects but also has sports as entertainment options.
According to research by the BBC and the British institute Populus, published in 2015, TV Cultura is the second highest quality channel in the world, behind only BBC One.
History
TV Cultura was founded in 1960 by Diários Associados and Rede de Emissoras Associadas, who also owned TV Tupi. The station's transmitter was the former one used by TV Tupi São Paulo, which up until August 1960 broadcast on channel 3, and in order to move to the new frequency, Tupi built a new transmitter at Sumaré.
On September 20, 1960, two days after TV Tupi celebrated its tenth anniversary, its "younger sister" was born. TV Cultura became the fifth television station in the city of São Paulo. The station was initially scheduled to launch in the first semester of 1960, but was later delayed to August, September 7 and finally September 20. The launch campaign in local newspapers framed the station as having state-of-the-art equipment for its time, with a strong emphasis on its local output. The station broadcast from 7 pm to 11 pm. Mario Fanucchi created a special illustration featuring the TV Tupi mascot - with the number 4 in his body - feeding the newborn sister, representing channel 2.
The formal launch ceremony was held at 7 pm on September 20, 1960 at the Fasano Winter Garden followed by a special variety show at 9 pm, where artists from the Associadas stations from other states took part.
The following day, TV Cultura presented its normal schedule. Similar to TV Tupi, its offer included news, sports, plays, children's programs, cartoons and feature-length films. The 10 pm newscast Telejornal Pirelli was presented in association with one of its newspapers (Diário da Noite) featuring a wide local, national and international newscast. The press reported its "never-before seen characteristics". Although the station's name alluded to a "cultural" facet, TV Cultura under its administration was a commercial television station, however, educational programming was still present since the outset, starting with English classes and from March 1961, an experimental television learning system. Shortly before the 1964 military coup, it was suggested that TV Cultura should switch to a news format, which included a proposal from Philips to bring equipment, including outside vans, to accommodate its conversion to the new format. Philips rejected the plan.
On April 28, 1965, at the end of ABC Show, a fire broke out at Studio A, the fire later spread to the entire floor where TV Cultura broadcast from, knocking it off the air. By 2 am, the fire was controlled. The possible cause was a short circuit. While there were no victims, the material damage was high. The following day
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RedeTV%21
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RedeTV! () is a Brazilian television network owned by Amilcare Dallevo and Marcelo de Carvalho. It is the newest television network, among the five major networks in Brazil, being a relaunch of Rede Manchete in 1999.
RedeTV! has modern production plants, located in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Recife and Fortaleza. RedeTV! is headquartered in the CTD - Centro de Televisão Digital (Digital Television Center, in English), located in Osasco, a suburb of São Paulo, where its news division is based. It was the first network worldwide to be broadcast in 3D.
With a market share of 0.7 points in 2018, it has the smallest market share out of the top five Brazilian TV networks.
History
On May 8, 1999, two days before Rede Manchete ceased operations, its license was sold to TeleTV Group. RedeTV! would begin test broadcasts later that month as TV!, and temporarily aired several of Rede Manchete's programs and a modified version of its daily newscast. On November 12, 1999, the network's test broadcasts were replaced with a countdown clock to its official launch. RedeTV! officially commenced broadcasting at 7:00 am on November 15, 1999.
RedeTV!'s principal shows are Encrenca, the program of greater audience of the transmitter, A Tarde é Sua, an afternoon variety show hosted by Sônia Abrão, Superpop, an entertainment program and TV Fama, a program about celebrities. It was responsible for the Brazilian version of Desperate Housewives, Donas de Casa Desesperadas, series exhibited in 2007. The TV programming is directed mostly to the entertainment, with comedy, talk shows, soap operas, audience shows, journalism, sports, TV series and feminine showbiz.
RedeTV! was the first Brazilian network to produce all of its original programming in high definition.
In September 2009, RedeTV! changed its facilities Barueri for the Centro de Televisão Digital (CTD) in Osasco (São Paulo). Despite having changed its headquarters to the Centro de Televisão Digital (CTD) in September, the official inauguration of the center was on the 13th of November, being celebrated with a big party and with the participation of politicians, businessmen and artists such as Luciana Gimenez, Iris Stefanelli and Supla, in addition to President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
In May 2010, Pânico na TV became the first show in the world to do a live 3D transmission in a free-to-pay channel.
In 2011, when the TeleTV Group was closed, the management and ownership of RedeTV! was transferred to Amilcare Dallevo Jr. and Marcelo de Carvalho, which is now owned by their own groups.
Centers and affiliates
RedeTV! has five stations owned and 32 affiliated stations throughout Brazil, totaling 37 stations that rebroadcast the signal from it.
Osasco (São Paulo) – Channel 29
Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) – Channel 21
Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais) – Channel 25
Recife (Pernambuco) – Channel 19
Fortaleza (Ceará) – Channel 34
Affiliates stations
Acre
ABC TV - Rio Branco - Channel 40
Amap
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compatibility%20of%20C%20and%20C%2B%2B
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The C and C++ programming languages are closely related but have many significant differences. C++ began as a fork of an early, pre-standardized C, and was designed to be mostly source-and-link compatible with C compilers of the time. Due to this, development tools for the two languages (such as IDEs and compilers) are often integrated into a single product, with the programmer able to specify C or C++ as their source language.
However, C is not a subset of C++, and nontrivial C programs will not compile as C++ code without modification. Likewise, C++ introduces many features that are not available in C and in practice almost all code written in C++ is not conforming C code. This article, however, focuses on differences that cause conforming C code to be ill-formed C++ code, or to be conforming/well-formed in both languages but to behave differently in C and C++.
Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of C++, has suggested that the incompatibilities between C and C++ should be reduced as much as possible in order to maximize interoperability between the two languages. Others have argued that since C and C++ are two different languages, compatibility between them is useful but not vital; according to this camp, efforts to reduce incompatibility should not hinder attempts to improve each language in isolation. The official rationale for the 1999 C standard (C99) "endorse[d] the principle of maintaining the largest common subset" between C and C++ "while maintaining a distinction between them and allowing them to evolve separately", and stated that the authors were "content to let C++ be the big and ambitious language."
Several additions of C99 are not supported in the current C++ standard or conflicted with C++ features, such as variable-length arrays, native complex number types and the restrict type qualifier. On the other hand, C99 reduced some other incompatibilities compared with C89 by incorporating C++ features such as // comments and mixed declarations and code.
Constructs valid in C but not in C++
C++ enforces stricter typing rules (no implicit violations of the static type system), and initialization requirements (compile-time enforcement that in-scope variables do not have initialization subverted) than C, and so some valid C code is invalid in C++. A rationale for these is provided in Annex C.1 of the ISO C++ standard.
C99 and C11 added several additional features to C that have not been incorporated into standard C++ as of C++20, such as complex numbers, variable length arrays (note that complex numbers and variable length arrays are designated as optional extensions in C11), flexible array members, the restrict keyword, array parameter qualifiers, and compound literals.
C++ adds numerous additional keywords to support its new features. This renders C code using those keywords for identifiers invalid in C++. For example:
struct template
{
int new;
struct template* class;
};
is valid C code, but is rejected by a C++ compiler
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheffield%20Tramway
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Sheffield Tramway was an extensive tramway network serving the English city of Sheffield and its suburbs.
The first tramway line, horse-drawn, opened in 1873 between Lady's Bridge and Attercliffe, subsequently extended to Brightside and Tinsley. Routes were built to Heeley, where a tram depot was built, Nether Edge and Hillsborough. In 1899, the first electric tram ran between Nether Edge and Tinsley, and by 1902 all the routes were electrified. As of 1910 the network covered 39 miles (62.7 km) and as of 1951 48 miles (77.2 km).
The last trams ran between Leopold Street to Beauchief and Tinsley on 8 October 1960—three Sheffield trams were subsequently preserved at the National Tramway Museum in Crich. 34 years later trams returned to the streets of Sheffield under a new network called Supertram.
History
Horse tram era
The Sheffield horse tramway was created under the Tramways Act 1870, with powers granted in July 1872. The first routes, to Attercliffe and Carbrook, Brightside, Heeley, Nether Edge and Owlerton opened between 1873 and 1877. Under the legislation at that time, local authorities were precluded from operating tramways but were empowered to construct them and lease the lines to an individual operating company. Tracks were constructed by contractors and leased to the Sheffield Tramways Company, which operated the services.
Prior to the inauguration of the horse trams, horse buses had provided a limited public service, but road surfaces were poor and their carrying capacity was low. The new horse trams gave a smoother ride. The fares were too high for the average worker so the horse trams saw little patronage; services began later than when workers began their day so were of little use to most. Running costs were high as the operator had to keep a large number of horses and could not offer low fares.
Electric tram era
Sheffield Corporation (Sheffield City Council) took over the tramway system in July 1896. The corporation's goal was to expand and mechanise the system. Almost immediately a committee was formed to inspect other tramway systems to look at the improved systems of traction. Upon their return the committee recommended the adoption of electrical propulsion using the overhead current collection system.
The National Grid was not as developed as it is now and so the Corporation set out to generate the required current - the Corporation became the local domestic and industrial electricity supplier. A power station was built for Sheffield Corporation Tramways on Kelham Island by the river Don between Mowbray Street and Alma Street. Feeder cables stretched from there to the extremities of the system, covering over 40 miles of route.
The horse operated lines were left opened and track replaced with heavier rails. Along with lines opening to Abbeydale, Walkley and Hunter's Bar, the missing link in the centre of the sprawling network between Moorhead and Lady's Bridge was finally laid.
Electric lines opened in succession;
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatures%20Rising
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Temperatures Rising is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from September 12, 1972 to August 29, 1974. During its 46-episode run, it was presented in three different formats and cast line-ups. The series was developed for the network by William Asher and Harry Ackerman for Ashmont Productions and Screen Gems. Set in a fictional Washington, D.C. hospital, the series first featured James Whitmore as a no-nonsense chief of staff, forced to deal with the outlandish antics of a young intern (Cleavon Little) and three nurses (Joan Van Ark, Reva Rose, and Nancy Fox).
For the first season, 26 episodes were produced and broadcast. In the second season, Whitmore was replaced in the lead role by comedian Paul Lynde, and Asher was replaced as producer by Duke Vincent and Bruce Johnson. The series was re-titled The New Temperatures Rising Show, and featured a new supporting cast: Sudie Bond, Barbara Cason, Jennifer Darling, Jeff Morrow, and John Dehner. Cleavon Little was the only returning member of the original cast. In this season, Lynde was presented as the penny-pinching chief of staff, with Bond as his nagging mother and owner of the hospital.
The New Temperatures Rising Show ran for 13 episodes before being placed on hiatus in January 1974 due to poor ratings. It returned in July in yet another incarnation. Asher returned as producer and restored the series to its original format—albeit with Lynde continuing in the lead. Reverting to the original title of Temperatures Rising, Little remained in the show's cast, accompanied by a new line-up of supporting players: Alice Ghostley, Barbara Rucker and, returning from the first season's cast, Nancy Fox. Offered as a summer replacement on Thursday nights, the third version of the sitcom ran for seven episodes, after which it was cancelled permanently.
First season
Concept and development
Temperatures Rising was one of two sitcoms that the ABC network premiered in its 1972–73 prime time schedule, the other being The Paul Lynde Show. Both series were produced and developed by William Asher and his partner Harry Ackerman for Ashmont Productions and Screen Gems, which had scored a major success for the network with Bewitched, a fantasy sitcom that first aired in 1964 starring Asher's wife, Elizabeth Montgomery. Asher and Screen Gems made a deal with ABC to cancel Bewitched a year earlier than contracts stipulated, thereby allowing them the opportunity to develop the two new sitcoms. Ackerman served as executive producer and Asher as producer.
Asher and Ackerman derived the format of the series from an unsold pilot they had produced for ABC in 1965. Entitled This is a Hospital?, and written by Sheldon Keller, it starred comedian Shecky Greene as a mischievous intern who Asher referred to as "Sgt. Bilko in a hospital". Asher also drew on the British Carry On franchise as his inspiration for Temperatures Rising.
Original cast
Set in Capitol General, a fictional Washington, D.C., hospit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20macro
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Global macro is an investment strategy that leverages macroeconomic and geopolitical data to analyze and predict moves in financial markets. Large-scale or "macro" political and economic events can disproportionately impact certain sectors, such as the energy, commodity, and currency markets, over others. The strategy typically employs forecasts and analysis of interest rate trends, international trade and payments, political changes, government policies, international relations, and other broad systemic factors.
History
As a strategy, global macro formalized in the late-1960s around commodity trading. Large-scale macro events pushed market prices of both soft (cocoa, fruit and sugar) and hard (gold, silver, and copper) commodities to move in recognizable patterns. In the 1970s, interest rate modeling was used to predict moves in foreign currency markets as well as in sovereign debt. Hedge fund managers such as Paul Tudor Jones used large-scale demographic analysis to predict the equity market collapse of 1987 after comparing the market conditions of a similar crash in 1929. The 1990s saw the rise of global macro volatility trading which used geopolitical instability in both developed and developing nations to place directional bets on market movements. In 1992, hedge fund manager George Soros' profitable sale of the pound sterling prior to the European Exchange Rate Mechanism debacle yielding him a profit of $1 billion in a single day. In 1994, investment management firms began factoring in macro data into a portfolios' risk profile. Three years later in 1997, the Global Economic Policy Uncertainty (GEPU) Index was created to measure three key macro variables: economy, policy, and uncertainty (volatility). During the 2010s, quantitative investment funds dedicated resources to global macro strategies due to the complexity involved with analyzing large amounts of dynamic economic and political data. Modern technology including AI has been used to sort through data and in the execution of trades involving certain sectors, such as the energy, commodity, and currency markets, among others.
Types
Due to the broad mandate of global macro, it has been described by DoubleLine Capital as a "go anywhere, do anything" strategy.
Discretionary: deploys directional positions at the asset class level to express a positive or negative top-down view on a market. Of all of the strategies, discretionary macro provides the most flexibility, including the ability to express either long or short views, across any asset class, and in any region.
Commodity/Managed Futures: applies priced-based trend-following algorithms to the trading of futures contracts on similar data used by discretionary macro.
Systematic: enters into positions with data based upon fundamental analysis, similar to discretionary macro, but the deployment of those trades is based on a systematic, or model-driven process.
Funds
A list of global macro investment funds include:
Bridgewater As
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham%20on%20the%20Street
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Ham on the Street was a cooking show hosted by George Duran on the Food Network in 2006. George adds comedy to cooking as he explores each show's topic in the strangest possible ways. For example, during the show on breakfast, George tested to see if an ostrich egg could be cooked sunny-side up. He rarely is on a set, and he does most of the show on the streets of Norwalk, Connecticut, New York City, and Miami Beach, Florida, as well as in diners, restaurants and malls.
External links
Food Network original programming
2006 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2000s American cooking television series
Food reality television series
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write%20buffer
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A write buffer is a type of data buffer that can be used to hold data being written from the cache to main memory or to the next cache in the memory hierarchy to improve performance and reduce latency. It is used in certain CPU cache architectures like Intel's x86 and AMD64. In multi-core systems, write buffers destroy sequential consistency. Some software disciplines, like C11's data-race-freedom, are sufficient to regain a sequentially consistent view of memory.
A variation of write-through caching is called buffered write-through.
Use of a write buffer in this manner frees the cache to service read requests while the write is taking place. It is especially useful for very slow main memory in that subsequent reads are able to proceed without waiting for long main memory latency. When the write buffer is full (i.e. all buffer entries are occupied), subsequent writes still have to wait until slots are freed. Subsequent reads could be served from the write buffer. To further mitigate this stall, one optimization called write buffer merge may be implemented. Write buffer merge combines writes that have consecutive destination addresses into one buffer entry. Otherwise, they would occupy separate entries which increases the chance of pipeline stall.
A victim buffer is a type of write buffer that stores dirty evicted lines in write-back caches so that they get written back to main memory. Besides reducing pipeline stall by not waiting for dirty lines to write back as a simple write buffer does, a victim buffer may also serve as a temporary backup storage when subsequent cache accesses exhibit locality, requesting those recently evicted lines, which are still in the victim buffer.
The store buffer was invented by IBM during Project ACS between 1964 and 1968, but it was first implemented in commercial products in the 1990s.
Notes
References
Computer memory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grono.net
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Grono.net was a social networking service based in Poland. It was referred to as "the Polish equivalent of Facebook" and had over 2 million members.
It featured Internet forums, photo sharing, links to cultural events, an employment website, and an online marketplace for the sale of property.
The site included a freemium model; features for paying subscribers included the ability to moderate forums, take part in competitions, upload more photos and hide advertisements.
It required an invitation from an existing member to register.
History
The website was founded by Wojciech Sobczuk and launched on February 11, 2004.
In July 2009, Aleksander Kierski, one of grono.net's creditors, filed a bankruptcy petition against the service for unpaid debts, but on September 7, 2009, the Warsaw District Court dismissed the above petition on the grounds that all creditors had been paid.
On 1 July 2012, the service was shut down without warning; it faced financial difficulties due to competition from Facebook.
References
Defunct companies of Poland
Defunct social networking services
Internet properties established in 2004
Internet properties disestablished in 2012
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assy%20McGee
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Assy McGee is an American adult animated sitcom created by Matt Harrigan and Carl W. Adams for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series features a police detective named Assy McGee, a parody of tough-guy cop characters, who is a walking pair of buttocks. Along with his partner Don Sanchez (modeled after Luis Guzmán), the trigger-happy McGee solves crimes in the town of Exeter, New Hampshire. Larry Murphy voices all of the main characters. Jen Cohn voices all of the female characters. It ran on Adult Swim from November 26, 2006, to July 6, 2008. On August 22, 2008, it was canceled after two seasons.
Premise and episode structure
The series revolves around the antics of Assy McGee, an ultra-violent and emotionally disturbed police detective who happens to have no upper torso, head, or arms. With the help of his partner Sanchez (often against the wishes of his superior officers), Assy patrols the streets of Exeter, New Hampshire, although it bears a stronger resemblance to a larger city such as New York City or Chicago. Cases usually involve outlandish or exaggerated crimes, usually shown in the opening scene. Assy will then be delegated with investigating the crimes, typically doing so by immersing himself into matters that seemingly serve little or no relevance to the crime at hand, until at the end of the episode, it's revealed that the random innocent bystander that Assy has violently accosted has been the culprit all along or another wanted criminal. Assy is almost always opposed by his chief until his actions are validated. This leads the Chief to inquire as to how Assy could possibly know this person was the responsible culprit, Assy usually affirming that he knew, but without any evidence to support the claim.
Characters
Assy McGee (Larry Murphy) – a walking, talking lower torso with exposed buttocks. Horribly violent, an alcoholic and clinically depressed, Assy is a parody of the 1970s/1980s movie cops as seen in such films as Dirty Harry, Lethal Weapon and Cobra: trigger-happy, tough, at times hopelessly depressed, and in conflict with his fellow officers as often as he is in conflict with crime. Assy has a slurred style of speech similar to Sylvester Stallone, though it is "gassy" sounding and muffled, possibly due to his anatomy or inebriation (or both), however has been shown to have an excellent ability to sing classical music. He also quotes and mimics some of Stallone's most memorable characters, shouting Judge Dredd's catch phrase "I am the law!" in episode five "Mexican Rain" and reenacts the Rocky training scene in episode seven "Ring of Fire". Sometimes, when out of breath, or even just peeved, Assy will flatulate. Assy walks backwards and even jumps backwards. Assy has stated that he is of Cuban descent. His Cuban heritage is backed up in the episode, "Conviction" when a childhood picture of Assy with a Cuban hat is shown in the background. We learn in the episode "Hands Up" (from season two)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-in-time%20recovery
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Point-in-time recovery (PITR) in the context of computers involves systems, often databases, whereby an administrator can restore or recover a set of data or a particular setting from a time in the past. Note for example Windows XP's capability to restore operating-system settings from a past date (for instance, before data corruption occurred). Time Machine for Mac OS X provides another example of point-in-time recovery.
Once PITR logging starts for a PITR-capable database, a database administrator can restore that database from backups to the state that it had at any time since.
See also
Continuous data protection
References
External links
PostgreSQL Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)
MySQL 8.0 Point-in-Time Recovery Using the Binary Log
Data management
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jart
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Jart or JART may refer to:
A brand of lawn dart
Jart Armin, a computer security specialist
Joint Aircraft Recovery and Transportation Squadron (JARTS), a British military post-crash management and aircraft transport unit
Jarts, an alien race in The Way (novel series) by Greg Bear
See also
Jarte, a word processor
Jaat (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurix
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Plurix is a Unix-like operating system developed in Brazil in the early 1980s.
Overview
Plurix was developed in the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), at the Electronic Computing Center (NCE).
The NCE researchers, after returning from postgraduate courses in the USA, attempted to license the UNIX source code from AT&T in the late 1970s without success. In 1982, due to AT&T refusing to license the code, a development team led by Newton Faller decided to initiate the development of an alternative system, called Plurix (**), using as reference UNIX Version 7, the most recent at the time, that they had running on an old Motorola computer system.
In 1985, the Plurix system was up and running on the Pegasus 32-X, a shared-memory, multi-processor computer also designed at NCE. Plurix was licensed to some Brazilian companies in 1988.
Two other Brazilian universities also developed their own UNIX systems: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) developed the DCC-IX operating system, and University of São Paulo (USP) developed the REAL operating system in 1987.
The NCE/UFRJ also offered technical courses on OS design and implementation to local computer companies, some of which later produced their own proprietary UNIX systems. In fact, these Brazilian companies first created an organization of companies interested in UNIX (called API) and tried to license UNIX from AT&T. Their attempts were frustrated at the end of 1986, when AT&T canceled negotiations with API.
Some of these companies, EDISA, COBRA, and SOFTEC, invested in the development of their own systems, EDIX, SOX and ANALIX, respectively.
AT&T License
When AT&T finally licensed their code to Brazilian companies, the majority of them decided to drop their local development, use the licensed code, and just "localize" the system for their purposes.
COBRA and NCE/UFRJ kept developing, and tried to convince the Brazilian government to prohibit the further entrance of AT&T UNIX into Brazil, since the operating systems they developed, (COBRA and Plurix), were similar to AT&T's and could do the same things. The Brazilian IT industry in the 80s was a protected market, so a foreign company couldn't sell a product in Brazil if a Brazilian IT company offered similar hardware or software. COBRA had a very strong argument: the similarity of its OS was recognized by X/OPEN.
The government, under North American pressure, delayed the decision. A new president was elected after twenty years of a military dictatorship, and his first act was to terminate the laws that ruled the Brazilian IT market protection for hardware, software, and later everything else. All projects were withdrawn. NCE went "back to the University." COBRA almost went bankrupt, and now is a state-owned company whose major customer is Banco do Brasil.
Certainly none of the national systems had the comprehensiveness of the original UNIX System V, which incorporated software from different origins and was more than fifteen y
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%20Faller
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Newton Faller (January 25, 1947–October 9, 1996) the son of Kurt Faller and Ada Faller from Rio Grande do Sul, was a Brazilian computer scientist and electrical engineer. He is credited with the discovery of adaptive Huffman codes while an employee of IBM do Brasil in Rio. He was later the head of the Brazilian UNIX development project at the Electronic Computing Center of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (NCE/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro.
He started his career working with data compression, studying the classical Huffman Codes and was the first to propose the "adaptive Huffman codes". This discovery became his Master's thesis and was later published in:
Newton Faller, "An Adaptive System for Data Compression," Record of the 7th Asilomar Conference on Circuits, Systems and Computers, pp. 593–597, 1973.
Later, Robert G. Gallager (1978) and Donald Knuth (1985) proposed some complements and the algorithm became widely known as FGK (from the initials of each of the researchers).
Later, Faller went to study in the United States from 1976 to 1981 and received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981.
He was married to Maria Ester Kremer Faller and had two daughters, Maria Clara Kremer Faller and Ana Luisa Kremer Faller. He spent his childhood in Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro, and had two younger sisters: Ana Maria Faller and Angela Faller.
Faller died in 1996 and today the Brazilian equivalent of the Turing Award is called the "Newton Faller Award".
References
D. A. Huffman, "A Method for the Construction of Minimum Redundancy Codes," Proc. IRE, Vol. 40, No. 9, pp. 1098–1101, 1952.
Robert G. Gallager, "Variations on a Theme by Huffman," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 668–674, Nov. 1978.
Donald E. Knuth, "Dynamic Huffman Coding," Journal of Algorithms, Vol. 6, pp. 163–180, 1985.
1947 births
1996 deaths
Brazilian people of German descent
Brazilian computer scientists
20th-century Brazilian engineers
People associated with Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge%20cover
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In graph theory, an edge cover of a graph is a set of edges such that every vertex of the graph is incident to at least one edge of the set.
In computer science, the minimum edge cover problem is the problem of finding an edge cover of minimum size. It is an optimization problem that belongs to the class of covering problems and can be solved in polynomial time.
Definition
Formally, an edge cover of a graph is a set of edges such that each vertex in is incident with at least one edge in . The set is said to cover the vertices of . The following figure shows examples of edge coverings in two graphs (the set is marked with red).
A minimum edge covering is an edge covering of smallest possible size. The edge covering number is the size of a minimum edge covering. The following figure shows examples of minimum edge coverings (again, the set is marked with red).
Note that the figure on the right is not only an edge cover but also a matching. In particular, it is a perfect matching: a matching in which each vertex is incident with exactly one edge in . A perfect matching (if it exists) is always a minimum edge covering.
Examples
The set of all edges is an edge cover, assuming that there are no degree-0 vertices.
The complete bipartite graph has edge covering number .
Algorithms
A smallest edge cover can be found in polynomial time by finding a maximum matching and extending it greedily so that all vertices are covered. In the following figure, a maximum matching is marked with red; the extra edges that were added to cover unmatched nodes are marked with blue. (The figure on the right shows a graph in which a maximum matching is a perfect matching; hence it already covers all vertices and no extra edges were needed.)
On the other hand, the related problem of finding a smallest vertex cover is an NP-hard problem.
Looking at the image it already becomes obvious why, for a given minimal edge Cover and maximum matching , the following is true: . Counting the edges in the minimal edge cover duplicates the edges in the maximum matching, summing to (equaling the number of vertices in the matching), but also counts the unmatched vertices, because they have to be adjacent to an edge in the edge cover.
See also
Vertex cover
Set cover – the edge cover problem is a special case of the set cover problem: the elements of the universe are vertices, and each subset covers exactly two elements.
Notes
References
.
Computational problems in graph theory
Polynomial-time problems
Covering problems
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20modeling
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Geometric modeling is a branch of applied mathematics and computational geometry that studies methods and algorithms for the mathematical description of shapes.
The shapes studied in geometric modeling are mostly two- or three-dimensional (solid figures), although many of its tools and principles can be applied to sets of any finite dimension. Today most geometric modeling is done with computers and for computer-based applications. Two-dimensional models are important in computer typography and technical drawing. Three-dimensional models are central to computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and widely used in many applied technical fields such as civil and mechanical engineering, architecture, geology and medical image processing.
Geometric models are usually distinguished from procedural and object-oriented models, which define the shape implicitly by an opaque algorithm that generates its appearance. They are also contrasted with digital images and volumetric models which represent the shape as a subset of a fine regular partition of space; and with fractal models that give an infinitely recursive definition of the shape. However, these distinctions are often blurred: for instance, a digital image can be interpreted as a collection of colored squares; and geometric shapes such as circles are defined by implicit mathematical equations. Also, a fractal model yields a parametric or implicit model when its recursive definition is truncated to a finite depth.
Notable awards of the area are the John A. Gregory Memorial Award and the Bézier award.
See also
2D geometric modeling
Architectural geometry
Computational conformal geometry
Computational topology
Computer-aided engineering
Computer-aided manufacturing
Digital geometry
Geometric modeling kernel
List of interactive geometry software
Parametric equation
Parametric surface
Solid modeling
Space partitioning
References
Further reading
General textbooks:
This book is out of print and freely available from the author.
For multi-resolution (multiple level of detail) geometric modeling :
Subdivision methods (such as subdivision surfaces):
External links
Geometry and Algorithms for CAD (Lecture Note, TU Darmstadt)
Geometric algorithms
Computer-aided design
Applied geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20L.%20A.%20van%20de%20Snepscheut
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Johannes Lambertus Adriana van de Snepscheut (; 12 September 195323 February 1994) was a computer scientist and educator. He was a student of Martin Rem and Edsger Dijkstra. At the time of his death he was the executive officer of the computer science department at the California Institute of Technology. He was also developing an editor for proving theorems called "Proxac".
In the early morning hours of February 23, 1994, van de Snepscheut attacked his sleeping wife, Terre, with an axe. He then set their house on fire, and died as it burned around him. Terre and their three children escaped their burning home.
Bibliography
Jan L. A. Van De Snepscheut, Gerrit A. Slavenburg, Introducing the notion of processes to hardware, ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, April 1979.
Jan L. A. Van De Snepscheut, Trace Theory and VLSI Design,, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 200, Springer, 1985.
Jan L. A. Van De Snepscheut, What computing is all about. Springer, 1993.
References
External links
Article based on the back story to these events
1953 births
1994 deaths
Van De Snepscheut, Jan L. A.
Dutch computer scientists
Eindhoven University of Technology alumni
People from Oosterhout
Software engineering researchers
Academic staff of the University of Groningen
People from La Cañada Flintridge, California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20One%20Hundredth
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"The One Hundredth" (also known as "The One with the Triplets") is the third episode of Friends fifth season and 100th episode overall. It first aired on the NBC network in the United States on October 8, 1998. Continuing from the previous episode, the group arrive at the hospital after Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow) goes into labor and gives birth to her half brother Frank's (Giovanni Ribisi) and his wife Alice's (Debra Jo Rupp) triplets. Meanwhile, Rachel (Jennifer Aniston) tries to set Monica (Courteney Cox) and herself up with two male nurses, which causes problems between Monica and Chandler (Matthew Perry), and Ross (David Schwimmer) supports Joey (Matt LeBlanc) as he experiences kidney stones.
The episode was directed by Kevin S. Bright and co-written by series creators David Crane & Marta Kauffman. The producers wanted to mark the landmark episode with a major event, choosing to bring a culmination to Phoebe's surrogacy storyline. Earlier scripts had the character insistent on keeping hold of the babies, with the writers later deciding it would be better off having a sendoff, to keep it dramatic. In its original broadcast on NBC, "The One Hundredth" acquired a 17.7 Nielsen rating, finishing the week ranked second and received good reviews since airing.
Plot
Phoebe arrives at the hospital with the group, where she tells the nurse at the desk that she is in labor. In Phoebe's hospital room, Ross and Rachel enter with bad news: her doctor fell and hit her head in the shower, meaning she is unable to make it to the birth. The replacement doctor, Dr. Harad, assures Phoebe that she is in good hands, until he spontaneously declares his admiration for Fonzie, from Happy Days several times. Phoebe demands that Ross find her another doctor, but when the replacement Dr. Oberman (T. J. Thyne) is too young for her liking, Dr. Harad returns. She moreover begs Rachel to talk to her brother Frank, to try and convince him to let her keep one of the triplets, after having second thoughts over the surrogate process. In the delivery room, Phoebe gives birth to a boy and two girls. Rachel breaks the news to Phoebe that she will not be able to keep one of the babies. Phoebe asks her friends to leave, in order to have a moment alone with the triplets. She tells the babies she wishes she could take them home and see them every day, but she will settle for being their favorite aunt, and the four of them cry together.
Rachel informs Monica that she has found two male nurses who are interested in going out on date with them. Monica declines the offer at first, not wanting to jeopardize her secret relationship with Chandler, but when he annoys her by assuming that she is willing to go out with nurse Dan (Patrick Fabian), Monica decides to date him after all. After Phoebe gives birth, Chandler approaches Monica in a hallway to ask if she is really going to date Dan. She replies to him that since both of them are just "goofing around", she figured why not "goof around" with
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CapROS
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Capability-based Reliable Operating System (CapROS) is an operating system incorporating pure capability-based security. It features automatic persistence of data and processes, even across system reboots. Capability systems naturally support the principle of least authority, which improves security and fault tolerance. It is free and open-source software released under the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2), and GNU Lesser General Public License version 2 (LGPLv2).
CapROS is an evolution of the Extremely Reliable Operating System (EROS). While EROS was purely a research system, CapROS is intended to be a stable system of commercial quality. CapROS currently runs on Intel IA-32 and ARM microprocessors.
CapROS is being developed by Strawberry Development Group with funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and others. The primary developer is Charles Landau.
History
The CapROS project was formed in 2005 as a non-academic continuation of EROS. The EROS system in turn traces its architecture to KeyKOS and ultimately GNOSIS.
See also
External links
Free software operating systems
Capability systems
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level%20Up%20%28American%20TV%20series%29
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Level Up is a live-action comedy television series that aired on Cartoon Network. A film with the same title, which served as a pilot for the series, premiered on November 23, 2011. The series aired from January 24, 2012, to February 19, 2013. Level Up was the second Cartoon Network show spawned from a live-action film, with the first being Out of Jimmy's Head.
Premise
After high schoolers Wyatt, Lyle, Dante and Angie unwittingly open a portal from a video game called Maldark: Conqueror of All Worlds into the real world, characters from the game and the Internet start leaking into the real world of the four teenage characters. The group consequently finds itself balancing its members' everyday lives with the extraordinary things that show up in their town from the virtual world which always resorts to using NeverFail to help send the monsters back into the game by "barding" them.
Characters
Heroes
Wyatt Black (portrayed by Gaelan Connell) – Wyatt is a brilliant "techno-geek" who attains perfect grades at school. He is often shown to be a know-it-all and cannot stand when someone bests him at anything he is good at. As seen in the movie, he created NeverFail as well as organizing all the missions and lead the team in battle. He is the captain, and only competent member, of his quiz bowl team. His game avatar is "Black Death," a strong warrior with a bronze right arm. Wyatt's weapon in the game is the "Blast-a-Ton," a weapon capable of firing almost anything as ammunition.
Lyle Hugginson (portrayed by Jessie Usher) – Lyle plays American football and is the high school quarterback. He's a charming, popular "jock" who purposefully conceals his love of online fantasy games from other people. Lyle loves to shout "Huzza!" when something goes right. He owns a red Chevy Camaro that he often uses to transport himself and the others. It is also shown that he will go to any means to repay a debt; even selling his car. His video game avatar is a Dread Orc named "Wizza" and his weapon in the game is the "Thunder Pole" staff.
Dante Ontero (portrayed by Connor Del Rio) – Fearless and impulsive, Dante is the rebellious member of the group. He loves causing trouble to get attention as well as eating junk food or anything gross (namely anything that had expired). He frequently engages in dangerous stunts on his skateboard in order to make internet videos. He has a poor relationship with his mother, whom he refers to by her first name, Barbara. His video game avatar is a Shiny Knight called "Sir Bickle." Dante's weapon in the game is the "Skull Cracker" club.
Angie Prietto (portrayed by Aimee Carrero) – Angie's is portrayed as a smart, spunky, and tenacious character, but her inquisitive nature occasionally results in problems for the female teenager. Angie does not have an avatar as she does not play the game, but her weapon from the video game is the "Fist of Schoolage," a glove that becomes an armored fist.
Max Ross (portrayed by Lonny Ross) – Max Ross c
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