MicPie/unpredictable_cram-com · Datasets at Hugging Face

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855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] rhythm [2]	the rpetitive pattern of beats in poetry	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] romanticism [2]	a style or movement of litearture that has as its foundation an interest in freedom, adventure, idealism, and escape	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] satire [2]	a mode of writing based on ridicule, which criticizes the foibles and follies of society w/o necessarily offering a solution	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] sestet [2]	a six line stanza usually paired iwht an octave to form a petrarchan sonnet	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] sestina [2]	a highly structure poetic form of 39, written in iambic pentameter. it depends upon the repetition of six words from the first stanza in each of six stanzas	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] setting [2]	the time and place of a literary work	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] simile [2]	an indirect comparison that uses the words like or as to link the differing items in the comparison	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] soliloquy [2]	a speech in a play which is used to reveal the character's inner thoughts to the audience	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] sonnet [2]	a 14 line poem with a perscribed rhyme scheme in imambic pentameter	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] spondee [2]	a poetic foot consisting of two accented syllables	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] stage direction [2]	the specific instruction a playwright includes concerning sets, characterization, delivery, etc.	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] stanza [2]	a unit of a poem similar in rhyme, meter, and length to other units in the poem	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] structure [2]	the organizaiton and form of a work	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] style [2]	the unique way an author presents his ideas. diction syntax imagery structure and content all contribute to a particular style	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] subplot [2]	a secondary plot that explores ideas differnt from the main storyline	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] symbol [2]	something in a literary work that stands for something else	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] synecdoche [2]	a figure of speech that uitlizes a part as a representative of a whole "all hands on deck"	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] syntax [2]	the grammatical structure of prose and peotry	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] tercet [2]	a three line stanza	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] theme [2]	the underlying ideas that hte author illustrates through characterization, motifs, language, plot, etc.	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] tone [2]	the author's attitude toward his subject	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] tragic hero [2]	according to aristotle, a basically good person of noble birth or exalted position who has a fatal flaw or commits an error in judgement which leads him to his downfall. The tragic hero must have a moment of realization and live and suffer.	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] understatement [2]	the oppositve of exaggeration. it is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2	[1] villanelle [2]	a highly structured poetic form that comprises six stanzas: five tercets, and a quatrain. the poem repeats the 1st and 3rd lines throughout.	[]	Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com	2	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643	13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json
66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI	A duct that continues from the epididymis serves to transport sperm to the prostatic urethra by peristalic action. [GLOMERULI]	Ductus deferens	[]	Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com	GLOMERULI	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json
66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI	Are contained within the prostate gland. They move downward forward openingn into the prostate uretha at either side of the prostate ureter. [GLOMERULI]	Ejaculory ducts	[]	Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com	GLOMERULI	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json
66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI	Lye on the fondas of the bladder enclosed by endopelvic. Fascia ducts deferens runs along medial surface seminal narrow at the prostatic end and unite with the ductus deferences. [GLOMERULI]	Seminal vesicles	[]	Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com	GLOMERULI	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json
66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI	Surrouonds the nek of the bladder and the proximal part of the urethra and produces a fluid that becomes part of the semen. [GLOMERULI]	Prostate Gland	[]	Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com	GLOMERULI	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json
66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI	Tumor that causes Cushing syndrome or Pheochromocytma [GLOMERULI]	Pathology affecting the Adrenal Glands	[]	Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com	GLOMERULI	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json
66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI	Transurethral Resection of th prostate [GLOMERULI]	TURP	[]	Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com	GLOMERULI	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json
66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI	CORTEX: Aldosterone and reg salt and water. Androgens sex trlated characteristics and cortisol any hydrocortisone anti inflamitory; regulates metabolism of carbs, fat, protein. MEDULLA epinephrine=adrehaline and norepinephrine fight or flight [GLOMERULI]	Hormones secreted by the Adrenal Glands	[]	Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com	GLOMERULI	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json
66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI	PHIMOSIS - foreskin non retracting; HYPOSPADIA - urethal opening on the underside; PROSTATE CANCER [GLOMERULI]	Pathology affecting the male reporduction system	[]	Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com	GLOMERULI	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json
66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI	INGUINAL = Radical Orchiectomy (testies removed) SCROTAL = Vasectomy ABDONIMAL = Pfannenstiel GIBSON= \ FLANK INCISION = Laterial LUMBAR = Lower back [GLOMERULI]	Incisional options	[]	Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com	GLOMERULI	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json
04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1	[2] claim every day reporters allege stories to be true and present them as fact. [1]	allege	[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]	Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com	1	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json
04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1	[2] assumptions In reality, they are no more than speculation or theories formed by reporters. [1]	speculation	[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]	Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com	1	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json
04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1	[2] suffering In addition, sensationalism can also cause anguish, especially to those people mentioned in the stories. [1]	anguish	[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]	Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com	1	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json
04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1	[2] Media outlets justify their decisions by saying they can only sell high-interest news. [1]	justify	[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]	Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com	1	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json
04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1	[2] examination Therefore, because of the ways news is used and manipulated, it should always be put under close scrutiny. [1]	scrutiny	[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]	Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com	1	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json
04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1	[2] point of view In other words, news is provided to us from the perspecitve of the media source. [1]	perspective	[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]	Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com	1	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json
04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1	[2] valid Therefore, it may not always be legitimate. [1]	legitimate	[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]	Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com	1	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json
04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1	[2] related Unfortunately, sensationalism often stretches the truth and omits relevant or important facts. [1]	relevant	[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]	Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com	1	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json
04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1	[2] imagine Suppose new were presented as only hard and dry facts. [1]	suppose	[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]	Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com	1	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json
04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1	[2] decision As consumers of new we must learn to think critically about the news and the media, and make our own judgment as to what the truth is. [1]	judgment	[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]	Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com	1	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	usually involve the glomerulus. In some cases they involve renal tubules or blood perfusion. NOT REVERSIBLE! [definition of renal failure]	Chronic renal Dx	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Inablilty to maintain fluid and elctrolyte homeostasis and a failure to excrete nitrogenous waste. LOW GFR and URINE output. Reversilble. [definition of renal failure]	Acute renal Dx	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Pre-renal- affects blood flow Renal- Acute tubular necrosis Post-renal- obstruction [definition of renal failure]	Three types of acute renal dx	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Azotemia- retention of nitrogenous waste Uremia-retention of lots of toxins. [definition of renal failure]	Common indicators of ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	retention of nitrogenous waste either through inability to excrete them or through failure to be delivered to kidney. INC in Waste! [definition of renal failure]	Azotemia	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Complex syndrome that occurs when azotemia becomes symptomatic. All ORGANS involved. Endocrines changes, acid base problems, etc. [definition of renal failure]	Uremia	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Acute Glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture dx,Chronic Glomerulonephritis, UTI, Renal calculi, Polycystic kidney dx, renal failure. [definition of renal failure]	7 catergories of renal dx	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Proteinuria, Hematuria, Hydrogen Ion Conc, Specific Gravity,GFR, tubular function tests [definition of renal failure]	6 biochemical assesments to determine renal dysfunction	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	if greater than 150mg/day BAD! Simple dipstick test that is suggestive of glomerular problem. [definition of renal failure]	Proteinuria	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Dipstick test or microscopic exam. Blood in urine is suggestive of UTI or renal dx. [definition of renal failure]	Hematuria	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Normal is 4.5-8 thruout day. pH inc post meal but Dec with sleep and fever (metabolic acidosis). Not really helpful for diagnosing. [definition of renal failure]	Hydrogen ion concentration	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	measure oSm. 1.01-1.025 norm but if dehyd then it can be 1.04. Kidney loses ability to concentrate urine 1st with chronic renal dx. [definition of renal failure]	Specific Gravity	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	115-125ml/min but dec with age. Measure with creatinine. BUN also good because when BUN inc GFR will dec. [definition of renal failure]	GFR	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Four test: PAH excretion, conc/dilut test, Sodium conc test, and urine acidification tests. Challenge kidneys to determine capacity for secretion and reabs. [definition of renal failure]	Tubular function test	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	microscopic findings, intravenous pyelogram, retrograde pyleogram, renal angiography, renal biopsy, CT/MRI/ultrasound. [definition of renal failure]	6 types of morphological test for renal dyfunctoin	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	RBC (>1 or 2) WBC (3 or 4) Bacteria Cast exam [definition of renal failure]	Microscopic examinations for renal dysfunction	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	na [definition of renal failure]	Cast Exam	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	visualize kidney cortex with x-ray. If cortex is thin=glomerulonephritis. If cortex look moth-eaten then it is pyelonephritis and ischemia. [definition of renal failure]	Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	catheter advanced up the ureter. Contrast media inj into renal pelvis. Contrast media given then xray taken. [definition of renal failure]	Retrograde pyelogram	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Will determine arterial stenosis, prescence of neoplasms, arrangements of arteries and veins. [definition of renal failure]	Renal Angiography	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	renal tissue taken for micro exam. Can have problems with intrarenal bleeding. [definition of renal failure]	Renal Biopsy	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	sudden impairment of renal function, oliguria. Etiology not implied. Dec renal function characterized by nitrogenous waste and azotemia. [definition of renal failure]	ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	usually abnormal blood flow or myocardial dysfunction [definition of renal failure]	Pre-Renal ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	parenchymal injury [definition of renal failure]	Renal ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	usually tubular obstruction that interferes with elimination. oliguria. [definition of renal failure]	Post Renal ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Pre-renal and Renal [definition of renal failure]	80-95% of ARF are which types?	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	fall in urine out put (less than 400ml/day) and dec GFR. [definition of renal failure]	Normal manifestation of ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	ischemia and nephrotoxic injury. [definition of renal failure]	The 2 broad categories of causes for ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	1. kidney must be adequately prefused with blood. 2. kidney must function normally 3.urine formed must be able to leave body [definition of renal failure]	3 conditions that must prevail for kidney function to be normal	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	See Notebook! Lots of INFO! [definition of renal failure]	Pre-Renal Pathogenesis	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Norm ratio of BUN to Creatinine 10:1 ARF 20:1 [definition of renal failure]	Normal BUN to creatinine ratio vs pre-renal ARF BUN:C	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	aspirin will inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. PG are vasodilators so ischemia is induced. [definition of renal failure]	Why avoid aspirin with pre-renal ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	restore adequate volume with whole blood or isotonic fluids. [definition of renal failure]	Best treatment for pre-renal ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Hypovolemia, dec vascular filling, heart failure/cardiogenic shock, dec renal perfusion. [definition of renal failure]	four main potential causes of pre-renal ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	obstruction which result in oliguria or anuria. Sometimes it's partial obstruction. [definition of renal failure]	Post-Renal ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	leads to polyuria because partial obstruction causes loss of concentrating ability and sodium wasting. [definition of renal failure]	partial obstruction in post renal ARF	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	bladder (rarely causes arf), the outlet, ureter, prostate. [definition of renal failure]	Levels where obstruction can occur	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	most common underlying problem in men enlarged prostate. [definition of renal failure]	prostatic hyperplasia	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	remove obstruction. diuresis and polyuria will occur and fluid replacement is needed. [definition of renal failure]	How to treat obstruction and effects?	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	acute tubular necrosis [definition of renal failure]	Most Renal Parenchymal dx is caused by	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	1.immunological renal dx 2. allergic renal dx 3.obstruction which leads to necrosis 4.ischemia can lead to ATN 5.Toxic substances [definition of renal failure]	5 mechanisms of renal parenchymal dx	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	1.anoxia occurs with tub damage 2.vasoconstriction of pre-glom arterioles with damage 3.damage can led to oliguria All will dec GFR [definition of renal failure]	ATN causes tubular damage by...	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	accum in proximal tubules and causes mitochondrial damage [definition of renal failure]	cisplatin causes renal damage by	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Proximal tubule with it's tubular toxic effects. Has some diuretic effects in addition to it's antibiotic effects so it can dec vol and inc damage. [definition of renal failure]	Gentamicin causes damage where in the kidney?	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	myglobin in urine associated with rhabdomyolysis or muscle injury. [definition of renal failure]	Myoglobunuria (ATN cause)	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	pre-renal: >20:1 ATN:>10:1 [definition of renal failure]	BUN:Creatinine ratio in pre-renal oliguria vs. ATN	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Pre-renal urine is concentrated. Atn is not. [definition of renal failure]	Urine concentration in pt with pre-renal oliguria vs ATN	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Pre: less than 20mEq/L ATN:>40mEq/L [definition of renal failure]	Pre-Renal VS ATN Urinary Sodium	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	pre-renal: none ATN: +1 [definition of renal failure]	Pre-renal vs ATN urinary protein	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Pre:normal ATN:dirty [definition of renal failure]	Pre-renal vs ATN Urinary sediment	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	neurological manifestations [definition of renal failure]	a consequence of uremia	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	trauma with blood loss, major loss of fluids, pregnancy can change bp, hypovolemia, anoxia. [definition of renal failure]	Some primary causes of ATN	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	decline in kidney function due to permanent loss of nephrons [definition of renal failure]	Chronic Kidney Dx	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	HTN, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, and other kidney dx [definition of renal failure]	Chronic kidney dx can result from	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	stage 1- >90 stage 2- 60-89 stage 3-30-59 stage 4-15-29 stage 5 less than 15 [definition of renal failure]	5 stages of kidney dx and their GFR values	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	no symptoms usually. the symptoms could be the underlying renal dx itself. [definition of renal failure]	stages 1 and 2 of CKD	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json
27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure	Dec GFR. all organ systems affected but notable changes are anemia, loss of apetite, abnormalities in ionic, water, and acid base. [definition of renal failure]	Stages 3 and 4 of CKD	[]	PBDII exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com	definition of renal failure	http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pbdii-exam-3-1702514	13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] rhythm [2]

the rpetitive pattern of beats in poetry

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] romanticism [2]

a style or movement of litearture that has as its foundation an interest in freedom, adventure, idealism, and escape

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] satire [2]

a mode of writing based on ridicule, which criticizes the foibles and follies of society w/o necessarily offering a solution

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] sestet [2]

a six line stanza usually paired iwht an octave to form a petrarchan sonnet

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] sestina [2]

a highly structure poetic form of 39, written in iambic pentameter. it depends upon the repetition of six words from the first stanza in each of six stanzas

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] setting [2]

the time and place of a literary work

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] simile [2]

an indirect comparison that uses the words like or as to link the differing items in the comparison

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] soliloquy [2]

a speech in a play which is used to reveal the character's inner thoughts to the audience

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] sonnet [2]

a 14 line poem with a perscribed rhyme scheme in imambic pentameter

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] spondee [2]

a poetic foot consisting of two accented syllables

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] stage direction [2]

the specific instruction a playwright includes concerning sets, characterization, delivery, etc.

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] stanza [2]

a unit of a poem similar in rhyme, meter, and length to other units in the poem

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] structure [2]

the organizaiton and form of a work

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] style [2]

the unique way an author presents his ideas. diction syntax imagery structure and content all contribute to a particular style

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] subplot [2]

a secondary plot that explores ideas differnt from the main storyline

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] symbol [2]

something in a literary work that stands for something else

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] synecdoche [2]

a figure of speech that uitlizes a part as a representative of a whole "all hands on deck"

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] syntax [2]

the grammatical structure of prose and peotry

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] tercet [2]

a three line stanza

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] theme [2]

the underlying ideas that hte author illustrates through characterization, motifs, language, plot, etc.

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] tone [2]

the author's attitude toward his subject

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] tragic hero [2]

according to aristotle, a basically good person of noble birth or exalted position who has a fatal flaw or commits an error in judgement which leads him to his downfall. The tragic hero must have a moment of realization and live and suffer.

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] understatement [2]

the oppositve of exaggeration. it is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

855f0182_12_ihaha_Flashcards___Cram_com__2

[1] villanelle [2]

a highly structured poetic form that comprises six stanzas: five tercets, and a quatrain. the poem repeats the 1st and 3rd lines throughout.

[]

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com

2

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/glossery-of-terms-ap-12-ihaha-464643

13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00012-ip-10-236-191-2_389183911_0.json

66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI

A duct that continues from the epididymis serves to transport sperm to the prostatic urethra by peristalic action. [GLOMERULI]

Ductus deferens

[]

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com

GLOMERULI

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json

66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI

Are contained within the prostate gland. They move downward forward openingn into the prostate uretha at either side of the prostate ureter. [GLOMERULI]

Ejaculory ducts

[]

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com

GLOMERULI

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json

66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI

Lye on the fondas of the bladder enclosed by endopelvic. Fascia ducts deferens runs along medial surface seminal narrow at the prostatic end and unite with the ductus deferences. [GLOMERULI]

Seminal vesicles

[]

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com

GLOMERULI

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json

66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI

Surrouonds the nek of the bladder and the proximal part of the urethra and produces a fluid that becomes part of the semen. [GLOMERULI]

Prostate Gland

[]

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com

GLOMERULI

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json

66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI

Tumor that causes Cushing syndrome or Pheochromocytma [GLOMERULI]

Pathology affecting the Adrenal Glands

[]

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com

GLOMERULI

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json

66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI

Transurethral Resection of th prostate [GLOMERULI]

TURP

[]

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com

GLOMERULI

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json

66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI

CORTEX: Aldosterone and reg salt and water. Androgens sex trlated characteristics and cortisol any hydrocortisone anti inflamitory; regulates metabolism of carbs, fat, protein. MEDULLA epinephrine=adrehaline and norepinephrine fight or flight [GLOMERULI]

Hormones secreted by the Adrenal Glands

[]

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com

GLOMERULI

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json

66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI

PHIMOSIS - foreskin non retracting; HYPOSPADIA - urethal opening on the underside; PROSTATE CANCER [GLOMERULI]

Pathology affecting the male reporduction system

[]

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com

GLOMERULI

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json

66a39776_apter_20_Flashcards___Cram_com__GLOMERULI

INGUINAL = Radical Orchiectomy (testies removed) SCROTAL = Vasectomy ABDONIMAL = Pfannenstiel GIBSON= \ FLANK INCISION = Laterial LUMBAR = Lower back [GLOMERULI]

Incisional options

[]

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com

GLOMERULI

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genitourinary-surgery-chapter-20-1946269

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00081-ip-10-236-191-2_401400632_0.json

04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1

[2] claim every day reporters allege stories to be true and present them as fact. [1]

allege

[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]

Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com

1

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json

04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1

[2] assumptions In reality, they are no more than speculation or theories formed by reporters. [1]

speculation

[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]

Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com

1

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json

04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1

[2] suffering In addition, sensationalism can also cause anguish, especially to those people mentioned in the stories. [1]

anguish

[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]

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1

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json

04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1

[2] Media outlets justify their decisions by saying they can only sell high-interest news. [1]

justify

[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]

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1

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368

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[2] examination Therefore, because of the ways news is used and manipulated, it should always be put under close scrutiny. [1]

scrutiny

[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]

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1

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04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1

[2] point of view In other words, news is provided to us from the perspecitve of the media source. [1]

perspective

[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]

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1

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368

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[2] valid Therefore, it may not always be legitimate. [1]

legitimate

[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]

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1

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[2] related Unfortunately, sensationalism often stretches the truth and omits relevant or important facts. [1]

relevant

[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]

Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com

1

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json

04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1

[2] imagine Suppose new were presented as only hard and dry facts. [1]

suppose

[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]

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1

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368

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04f3b5ca__s_cards_Flashcards___Cram_com__1

[2] decision As consumers of new we must learn to think critically about the news and the media, and make our own judgment as to what the truth is. [1]

judgment

[ [ "a", "l", "l", "e", "g", "e" ], [ "s", "p", "e", "c", "u", "l", "a", "t", "i", "o", "n" ], [ "a", "n", "g", "u", "i", "s", "h" ], [ "j", "u", "s", "t", "i", "f", "y" ], [ "s", "c", "r", "u", "t", "i", "n", "y" ], [ "p", "e", "r", "s", "p", "e", "c", "t", "i", "v", "e" ], [ "l", "e", "g", "i", "t", "i", "m", "a", "t", "e" ], [ "r", "e", "l", "e", "v", "a", "n", "t" ], [ "s", "u", "p", "p", "o", "s", "e" ], [ "j", "u", "d", "g", "m", "e", "n", "t" ] ]

Ace's cards Flashcards - Cram.com

1

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/aces-cards-888368

13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_387511317_0.json

27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

usually involve the glomerulus. In some cases they involve renal tubules or blood perfusion. NOT REVERSIBLE! [definition of renal failure]

Chronic renal Dx

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definition of renal failure

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Inablilty to maintain fluid and elctrolyte homeostasis and a failure to excrete nitrogenous waste. LOW GFR and URINE output. Reversilble. [definition of renal failure]

Acute renal Dx

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definition of renal failure

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Pre-renal- affects blood flow Renal- Acute tubular necrosis Post-renal- obstruction [definition of renal failure]

Three types of acute renal dx

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Azotemia- retention of nitrogenous waste Uremia-retention of lots of toxins. [definition of renal failure]

Common indicators of ARF

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

retention of nitrogenous waste either through inability to excrete them or through failure to be delivered to kidney. INC in Waste! [definition of renal failure]

Azotemia

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Complex syndrome that occurs when azotemia becomes symptomatic. All ORGANS involved. Endocrines changes, acid base problems, etc. [definition of renal failure]

Uremia

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Acute Glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture dx,Chronic Glomerulonephritis, UTI, Renal calculi, Polycystic kidney dx, renal failure. [definition of renal failure]

7 catergories of renal dx

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definition of renal failure

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Proteinuria, Hematuria, Hydrogen Ion Conc, Specific Gravity,GFR, tubular function tests [definition of renal failure]

6 biochemical assesments to determine renal dysfunction

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

if greater than 150mg/day BAD! Simple dipstick test that is suggestive of glomerular problem. [definition of renal failure]

Proteinuria

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Dipstick test or microscopic exam. Blood in urine is suggestive of UTI or renal dx. [definition of renal failure]

Hematuria

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Normal is 4.5-8 thruout day. pH inc post meal but Dec with sleep and fever (metabolic acidosis). Not really helpful for diagnosing. [definition of renal failure]

Hydrogen ion concentration

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

measure oSm. 1.01-1.025 norm but if dehyd then it can be 1.04. Kidney loses ability to concentrate urine 1st with chronic renal dx. [definition of renal failure]

Specific Gravity

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

115-125ml/min but dec with age. Measure with creatinine. BUN also good because when BUN inc GFR will dec. [definition of renal failure]

GFR

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Four test: PAH excretion, conc/dilut test, Sodium conc test, and urine acidification tests. Challenge kidneys to determine capacity for secretion and reabs. [definition of renal failure]

Tubular function test

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

microscopic findings, intravenous pyelogram, retrograde pyleogram, renal angiography, renal biopsy, CT/MRI/ultrasound. [definition of renal failure]

6 types of morphological test for renal dyfunctoin

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

RBC (>1 or 2) WBC (3 or 4) Bacteria Cast exam [definition of renal failure]

Microscopic examinations for renal dysfunction

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

na [definition of renal failure]

Cast Exam

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

visualize kidney cortex with x-ray. If cortex is thin=glomerulonephritis. If cortex look moth-eaten then it is pyelonephritis and ischemia. [definition of renal failure]

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

catheter advanced up the ureter. Contrast media inj into renal pelvis. Contrast media given then xray taken. [definition of renal failure]

Retrograde pyelogram

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Will determine arterial stenosis, prescence of neoplasms, arrangements of arteries and veins. [definition of renal failure]

Renal Angiography

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

renal tissue taken for micro exam. Can have problems with intrarenal bleeding. [definition of renal failure]

Renal Biopsy

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

sudden impairment of renal function, oliguria. Etiology not implied. Dec renal function characterized by nitrogenous waste and azotemia. [definition of renal failure]

ARF

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

usually abnormal blood flow or myocardial dysfunction [definition of renal failure]

Pre-Renal ARF

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definition of renal failure

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parenchymal injury [definition of renal failure]

Renal ARF

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

usually tubular obstruction that interferes with elimination. oliguria. [definition of renal failure]

Post Renal ARF

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Pre-renal and Renal [definition of renal failure]

80-95% of ARF are which types?

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

fall in urine out put (less than 400ml/day) and dec GFR. [definition of renal failure]

Normal manifestation of ARF

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

ischemia and nephrotoxic injury. [definition of renal failure]

The 2 broad categories of causes for ARF

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

1. kidney must be adequately prefused with blood. 2. kidney must function normally 3.urine formed must be able to leave body [definition of renal failure]

3 conditions that must prevail for kidney function to be normal

[]

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

See Notebook! Lots of INFO! [definition of renal failure]

Pre-Renal Pathogenesis

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Norm ratio of BUN to Creatinine 10:1 ARF 20:1 [definition of renal failure]

Normal BUN to creatinine ratio vs pre-renal ARF BUN:C

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

aspirin will inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. PG are vasodilators so ischemia is induced. [definition of renal failure]

Why avoid aspirin with pre-renal ARF

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

restore adequate volume with whole blood or isotonic fluids. [definition of renal failure]

Best treatment for pre-renal ARF

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Hypovolemia, dec vascular filling, heart failure/cardiogenic shock, dec renal perfusion. [definition of renal failure]

four main potential causes of pre-renal ARF

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

obstruction which result in oliguria or anuria. Sometimes it's partial obstruction. [definition of renal failure]

Post-Renal ARF

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

leads to polyuria because partial obstruction causes loss of concentrating ability and sodium wasting. [definition of renal failure]

partial obstruction in post renal ARF

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

bladder (rarely causes arf), the outlet, ureter, prostate. [definition of renal failure]

Levels where obstruction can occur

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

most common underlying problem in men enlarged prostate. [definition of renal failure]

prostatic hyperplasia

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

remove obstruction. diuresis and polyuria will occur and fluid replacement is needed. [definition of renal failure]

How to treat obstruction and effects?

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

acute tubular necrosis [definition of renal failure]

Most Renal Parenchymal dx is caused by

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

1.immunological renal dx 2. allergic renal dx 3.obstruction which leads to necrosis 4.ischemia can lead to ATN 5.Toxic substances [definition of renal failure]

5 mechanisms of renal parenchymal dx

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

1.anoxia occurs with tub damage 2.vasoconstriction of pre-glom arterioles with damage 3.damage can led to oliguria All will dec GFR [definition of renal failure]

ATN causes tubular damage by...

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

accum in proximal tubules and causes mitochondrial damage [definition of renal failure]

cisplatin causes renal damage by

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Proximal tubule with it's tubular toxic effects. Has some diuretic effects in addition to it's antibiotic effects so it can dec vol and inc damage. [definition of renal failure]

Gentamicin causes damage where in the kidney?

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

myglobin in urine associated with rhabdomyolysis or muscle injury. [definition of renal failure]

Myoglobunuria (ATN cause)

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

pre-renal: >20:1 ATN:>10:1 [definition of renal failure]

BUN:Creatinine ratio in pre-renal oliguria vs. ATN

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Pre-renal urine is concentrated. Atn is not. [definition of renal failure]

Urine concentration in pt with pre-renal oliguria vs ATN

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Pre: less than 20mEq/L ATN:>40mEq/L [definition of renal failure]

Pre-Renal VS ATN Urinary Sodium

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

pre-renal: none ATN: +1 [definition of renal failure]

Pre-renal vs ATN urinary protein

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Pre:normal ATN:dirty [definition of renal failure]

Pre-renal vs ATN Urinary sediment

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

neurological manifestations [definition of renal failure]

a consequence of uremia

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

trauma with blood loss, major loss of fluids, pregnancy can change bp, hypovolemia, anoxia. [definition of renal failure]

Some primary causes of ATN

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

decline in kidney function due to permanent loss of nephrons [definition of renal failure]

Chronic Kidney Dx

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

HTN, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, and other kidney dx [definition of renal failure]

Chronic kidney dx can result from

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

stage 1- >90 stage 2- 60-89 stage 3-30-59 stage 4-15-29 stage 5 less than 15 [definition of renal failure]

5 stages of kidney dx and their GFR values

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definition of renal failure

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13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00071-ip-10-236-191-2_391512366_0.json

27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

no symptoms usually. the symptoms could be the underlying renal dx itself. [definition of renal failure]

stages 1 and 2 of CKD

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definition of renal failure

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27819931_I_exam_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__definition_of_renal_failure

Dec GFR. all organ systems affected but notable changes are anemia, loss of apetite, abnormalities in ionic, water, and acid base. [definition of renal failure]

Stages 3 and 4 of CKD

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definition of renal failure

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