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Welcome to Brittany, near Carnac megalithic alignments, the sandy beaches of the Bay of Quiberon and the Golfe du Morbihan.
Our quiet and shady family camping pleased to welcome you in a relaxing family in 2012 with the construction of an indoor heated pool for your enjoyment.
Combining the tranquility and the attractiveness of a resort such as Carnac, the camping LES BRUYERES is a central site to discover the Gulf of Morbihan, the islands, traditions and festivities of Brittany.
Diverse and exciting activities offered by our team will delight children big and small.
Discover our mobile home comfort for all the family equipped with a TNT TV connection.
Our spacious and shaded pitches welcome caravans, motorhomes and tents.
The indoor heated pool allows you to enjoy the water in all weathers. | {
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SEACRET is the exclusive name behind the luxurious skin care and spa product line, based on salt, water, mud and ancient perhaps even mystical minerals, found in only one place on earth: the Dead Sea.
SEACRET is a globally renowned cosmetic company that offers a wide range of products for men and women. The unique combination of innovative technology and healing Dead Sea and natural ingredients transforms SEACRET into an exclusive, sought after and high quality brand.
The Dead Sea is situated at the lowest point on Earth and also the saltiest. It contains salt at a concentration level 10 times higher than other oceans, and its waters are saturated in minerals, 12 of which are unique only to the Dead Sea. The minerals found in the Dead Sea and its sediment mud is known all over the world for its healing, renewal and rejuvenation properties.
A leading international company, SEACRET is committed to using advanced technologies, strict laboratory testing, and clinical research in the manufacture of its products, with a strong emphasis on innovation and expertise.
South America and Europe with new locations around the world constantly added to the list.
We promise never to compromise on the quality of our products. Besides a short visit to the Dead Sea, SEACRET Spa products are the best way to access a pure source of Dead Sea goodness, and the essential benefits of its minerals, salt and mud.
We promise to serve you with outstanding customer service. Not sure how to use a product? Have a question or suggestion? Please contact our customer Care Team. Your trust is very important to us, and we promise to work hard to maintain it.
We promise to manage our business with honesty and fairness. At SEACRET, we are fully committed to uncompromising integrity in everything we do. We maintain a philosophy of transparency in every aspect of business ethics. | {
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Water Jet Pump, Monarch. Jet Pump with dual voltage 115/230V, 60 Hz. JP Series, is recommended for supplying fresh water to homes and farms. 1-1/4'' suction, 1'' FNPT discharge and brass flow control valve. Cast iron casing and seal plate for durability. Preset at 30-50 PSI, stainless steel motor shaft seal and dual ball bearings. Precision engineered jet pump for high performance and efficient water flow. | {
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Collective care is the future 3
Georgia Murphy
'Collective care is the future'
Lino print on paper
Artist site
Instagram @cactusandspoonprints
Covid-19 has further exposed the failings of capitalism and the current system for protecting people, and has shown that it is down to us all to care for each other, share resources and knowledge and protect the most vulnerable in society. In line with this, my piece is inspired by the practice of mutual aid, and is a call to action for a new kind of society based on collective and community care.
Although a new system might feel far away right now, alternative frameworks have always existed; Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour have practised mutual aid and collective care for centuries as a means of survival in response to years of colonisation and white supremacy. As a result of Covid-19, it is clearer than ever that we need to focus our collective attention on breaking down systems of oppression and exploitation. We need to grow the existing, and new social support networks into something bigger, whilst also ensuring they are not co-opted and whitewashed but remain intersectional and true to their radical and revolutionary roots.
What I love about printmaking is its ability to produce bold and striking imagery; often leading to its use within social movements and as a catalyst for social change and action. I hope that this print will inspire people to imagine what a different future could look like, and encourage them to take action to make our society better for everybody, not just during the crisis, but also beyond it. If you have access to a printer feel free to print my piece out and put it up wherever you can, or even better, make your own!
PreviousPrevious project:Collective care is the futureNextNext project:Conversations on mutual aid | {
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* Copyright (C) 2015-2017 Treasure Data Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#ifndef FLB_OUTPUT_H
#define FLB_OUTPUT_H
#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE
#endif
#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#endif
#include <monkey/mk_core.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_info.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_bits.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_io.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_stats.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_config.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_network.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_engine.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_task.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_thread.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_mem.h>
#include <fluent-bit/flb_str.h>
/* Output plugin masks */
#define FLB_OUTPUT_NET 32 /* output address may set host and port */
#define FLB_OUTPUT_PLUGIN_CORE 0
#define FLB_OUTPUT_PLUGIN_PROXY 1
struct flb_output_instance;
struct flb_output_plugin {
/*
* The type defines if this is a core-based plugin or it's handled by
* some specific proxy.
*/
int type;
void *proxy;
int flags;
/* The plugin name */
char *name;
/* Plugin description */
char *description;
/*
* Output network info:
*
* An output plugin can be specified just using it shortname or using the
* complete network address format, e.g:
*
* $ fluent-bit -i cpu -o plugin://hostname:port/uri
*
* where:
*
* plugin = the output plugin shortname
* name = IP address or hostname of the target
* port = target TCP port
* uri = extra information that may be used by the plugin
*/
struct flb_net_host host;
/* Initalization */
int (*cb_init) (struct flb_output_instance *, struct flb_config *, void *);
/* Pre run */
int (*cb_pre_run) (void *, struct flb_config *);
/* Flush callback */
void (*cb_flush) (void *, size_t,
char *, int,
struct flb_input_instance *,
void *,
struct flb_config *);
/* Exit */
int (*cb_exit) (void *, struct flb_config *);
/* Link to global list from flb_config->outputs */
struct mk_list _head;
};
/*
* Each initialized plugin must have an instance, same plugin may be
* loaded more than one time.
*
* An instance try to contain plugin data separating what is fixed data
* and the variable one that is generated when the plugin is invoked.
*/
struct flb_output_instance {
uint64_t mask_id; /* internal bitmask for routing */
char name[16]; /* numbered name (cpu -> cpu.0) */
struct flb_output_plugin *p; /* original plugin */
void *context; /* plugin configuration context */
/* Plugin properties */
int retry_limit; /* max of retries allowed */
int use_tls; /* bool, try to use TLS for I/O */
char *match; /* match rule for tag/routing */
#ifdef FLB_HAVE_TLS
int tls_verify; /* Verify certs (default: true) */
int tls_debug; /* mbedtls debug level */
char *tls_ca_path; /* Path to certificates */
char *tls_ca_file; /* CA root cert */
char *tls_crt_file; /* Certificate */
char *tls_key_file; /* Cert Key */
char *tls_key_passwd; /* Cert Key Password */
#endif
/*
* network info:
*
* An input plugin can be specified just using it shortname or using the
* complete network address format, e.g:
*
* $ fluent-bit -i cpu -o plugin://hostname:port/uri
*
* where:
*
* plugin = the output plugin shortname
* name = IP address or hostname of the target
* port = target TCP port
* uri = extra information that may be used by the plugin
*/
struct flb_net_host host;
/*
* Optional data passed to the plugin, this info is useful when
* running Fluent Bit in library mode and the target plugin needs
* some specific data from it caller.
*/
void *data;
/* Output handler configuration */
void *out_context;
/* IO upstream context, if flags & (FLB_OUTPUT_TCP | FLB_OUTPUT TLS)) */
struct flb_upstream *upstream;
/*
* The threads_queue is the head for the linked list that holds co-routines
* nodes information that needs to be processed.
*/
struct mk_list th_queue;
#ifdef FLB_HAVE_STATS
int stats_fd;
#endif
#ifdef FLB_HAVE_TLS
struct flb_tls tls;
#else
void *tls;
#endif
struct mk_list properties; /* properties / configuration */
struct mk_list _head; /* link to config->inputs */
#ifdef FLB_HAVE_METRICS
struct flb_metrics *metrics; /* metrics */
#endif
/* Keep a reference to the original context this instance belongs to */
struct flb_config *config;
};
struct flb_output_thread {
int id; /* out-thread ID */
void *buffer; /* output buffer */
struct flb_task *task; /* Parent flb_task */
struct flb_config *config; /* FLB context */
struct flb_output_instance *o_ins; /* output instance */
struct flb_thread *parent; /* parent thread addr */
struct mk_list _head; /* Link to struct flb_task->threads */
};
static FLB_INLINE
struct flb_output_thread *flb_output_thread_get(int id, struct flb_task *task)
{
struct mk_list *head;
struct flb_output_thread *out_th = NULL;
mk_list_foreach(head, &task->threads) {
out_th = mk_list_entry(head, struct flb_output_thread, _head);
if (out_th->id == id) {
return out_th;
}
}
return NULL;
}
static FLB_INLINE int flb_output_thread_destroy_id(int id, struct flb_task *task)
{
struct flb_output_thread *out_th;
struct flb_thread *thread;
out_th = flb_output_thread_get(id, task);
if (!out_th) {
return -1;
}
mk_list_del(&out_th->_head);
thread = out_th->parent;
flb_thread_destroy(thread);
task->users--;
return 0;
}
/* When an output_thread is going to be destroyed, this callback is triggered */
static FLB_INLINE void cb_output_thread_destroy(void *data)
{
struct flb_output_thread *out_th;
out_th = (struct flb_output_thread *) data;
flb_debug("[out thread] cb_destroy thread_id=%i", out_th->id);
out_th->task->users--;
mk_list_del(&out_th->_head);
}
#if defined FLB_HAVE_FLUSH_LIBCO
/*
* libco do not support parameters in the entrypoint function due to the
* complexity of implementation in terms of architecture and compiler, but
* it provide a workaround using a global structure as a middle entry-point
* that achieve the same stuff.
*/
struct flb_libco_out_params {
void *data;
size_t bytes;
char *tag;
int tag_len;
struct flb_input_instance *i_ins;
void *out_context;
struct flb_config *config;
struct flb_output_plugin *out_plugin;
struct flb_thread *th;
};
struct flb_libco_out_params libco_param;
static FLB_INLINE void output_params_set(struct flb_thread *th,
void *data, size_t bytes,
char *tag, int tag_len,
struct flb_input_instance *i_ins,
struct flb_output_plugin *out_plugin,
void *out_context, struct flb_config *config)
{
/* Callback parameters in order */
libco_param.data = data;
libco_param.bytes = bytes;
libco_param.tag = tag;
libco_param.tag_len = tag_len;
libco_param.i_ins = i_ins;
libco_param.out_context = out_context;
libco_param.config = config;
libco_param.out_plugin = out_plugin;
libco_param.th = th;
co_switch(th->callee);
}
static FLB_INLINE void output_pre_cb_flush()
{
void *data = libco_param.data;
size_t bytes = libco_param.bytes;
char *tag = libco_param.tag;
int tag_len = libco_param.tag_len;
struct flb_input_instance *i_ins = libco_param.i_ins;
struct flb_output_plugin *out_p = libco_param.out_plugin;
void *out_context = libco_param.out_context;
struct flb_config *config = libco_param.config;
struct flb_thread *th = libco_param.th;
/*
* Until this point the th->callee already set the variables, so we
* wait until the core wanted to resume so we really trigger the
* output callback.
*/
co_switch(th->caller);
/* Continue, we will resume later */
out_p->cb_flush(data, bytes, tag, tag_len, i_ins, out_context, config);
}
static FLB_INLINE
struct flb_thread *flb_output_thread(struct flb_task *task,
struct flb_input_instance *i_ins,
struct flb_output_instance *o_ins,
struct flb_config *config,
void *buf, size_t size,
char *tag, int tag_len)
{
size_t stack_size;
struct flb_output_thread *out_th;
struct flb_thread *th;
/* Create a new thread */
th = flb_thread_new(sizeof(struct flb_output_thread),
cb_output_thread_destroy);
if (!th) {
return NULL;
}
/* Custom output-thread info */
out_th = (struct flb_output_thread *) FLB_THREAD_DATA(th);
if (!out_th) {
flb_errno();
return NULL;
}
/*
* Each 'Thread' receives an 'id'. This is assigned when this thread
* is linked into the parent Task by flb_task_add_thread(...). The
* 'id' is always incremental.
*/
out_th->id = 0;
out_th->o_ins = o_ins;
out_th->task = task;
out_th->buffer = buf;
out_th->config = config;
out_th->parent = th;
th->caller = co_active();
th->callee = co_create(FLB_THREAD_STACK_SIZE,
output_pre_cb_flush, &stack_size);
#ifdef FLB_HAVE_VALGRIND
th->valgrind_stack_id = VALGRIND_STACK_REGISTER(th->callee,
((char *)th->callee) + stack_size);
#endif
/* Workaround for makecontext() */
output_params_set(th,
buf,
size,
tag,
tag_len,
i_ins,
o_ins->p,
o_ins->context,
config);
return th;
}
#elif defined FLB_HAVE_FLUSH_PTHREADS
static FLB_INLINE
struct flb_thread *flb_output_thread(struct flb_task *task,
struct flb_input_instance *i_ins,
struct flb_output_instance *o_ins,
struct flb_config *config,
void *buf, size_t size,
char *tag, int tag_len)
{
struct flb_thread *th;
th = flb_thread_new();
if (!th) {
return NULL;
}
th->data = o_ins;
th->output_buffer = buf;
th->task = task;
th->config = config;
/* pthread reference data */
th->pth_cb.buf = buf;
th->pth_cb.size = size;
th->pth_cb.tag = tag;
th->pth_cb.tag_len = tag_len;
th->pth_cb.i_ins = i_ins;
th->pth_cb.o_ins = o_ins;
return th;
}
#endif
/*
* This function is used by the output plugins to return. It's mandatory
* as it will take care to signal the event loop letting know the flush
* callback has done.
*
* The signal emmited indicate the 'Task' number that have finished plus
* a return value. The return value is either FLB_OK, FLB_RETRY or FLB_ERROR.
*/
static inline void flb_output_return(int ret, struct flb_thread *th) {
int n;
uint32_t set;
uint64_t val;
struct flb_task *task;
struct flb_output_thread *out_th;
#ifdef FLB_HAVE_METRICS
int records;
#endif
out_th = (struct flb_output_thread *) FLB_THREAD_DATA(th);
task = out_th->task;
/*
* To compose the signal event the relevant info is:
*
* - Unique Task events id: 2 in this case
* - Return value: FLB_OK (0) or FLB_ERROR (1)
* - Task ID
*
* We put together the return value with the task_id on the 32 bits at right
*/
set = FLB_TASK_SET(ret, task->id, out_th->id);
val = FLB_BITS_U64_SET(2 /* FLB_ENGINE_TASK */, set);
n = flb_pipe_w(task->config->ch_manager[1], &val, sizeof(val));
if (n == -1) {
flb_errno();
}
#ifdef FLB_HAVE_METRICS
if (out_th->o_ins->metrics) {
if (ret == FLB_OK) {
records = flb_mp_count(task->buf, task->size);
flb_metrics_sum(FLB_METRIC_OUT_OK_RECORDS, records,
out_th->o_ins->metrics);
flb_metrics_sum(FLB_METRIC_OUT_OK_BYTES, task->size,
out_th->o_ins->metrics);
}
else if (ret == FLB_ERROR) {
flb_metrics_sum(FLB_METRIC_OUT_ERROR, 1, out_th->o_ins->metrics);
}
else if (ret == FLB_RETRY) {
/* FIXME */
}
}
#endif
}
static inline void flb_output_return_do(int x)
{
struct flb_thread *th;
th = (struct flb_thread *) pthread_getspecific(flb_thread_key);
flb_output_return(x, th);
/*
* Each co-routine handler have different ways to handle a return,
* just use the wrapper.
*/
flb_thread_yield(th, FLB_TRUE);
}
#define FLB_OUTPUT_RETURN(x) \
flb_output_return_do(x); \
return
struct flb_output_instance *flb_output_new(struct flb_config *config,
char *output, void *data);
int flb_output_set_property(struct flb_output_instance *out, char *k, char *v);
char *flb_output_get_property(char *key, struct flb_output_instance *o_ins);
void flb_output_pre_run(struct flb_config *config);
void flb_output_exit(struct flb_config *config);
void flb_output_set_context(struct flb_output_instance *ins, void *context);
int flb_output_instance_destroy(struct flb_output_instance *ins);
int flb_output_init(struct flb_config *config);
int flb_output_check(struct flb_config *config);
#endif
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} | 1,886 | [
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The new album, The Silent Watcher, is out since Nov 4, 2018.
I am gearing up to perform at Frankfurt Musikmesse 2019 with my friend "Laurent Bernadac".
We're gonna play on the main stages, New Circle Stages 3.0 and 3.1 and 1 gig for Musikmesse Festival at the Moxy Hotel, Frankfurt East.
Hey folks. Happy new year!
Let's start with some great news.
Soon it's Namm time again. I'll be playing Namm in Anaheim, California this year as well.
For those who are not familiar, Namm is the biggest music convention in the world. I'll be happy to play for some of my awesome sponsors and endorsements, and precisely at the Legator Guitars booth on Friday 25th and Saturday 26th, at my friends of 3DVarius where I'll be having some supergroovy jams with my friend and violin virtuoso Laurent Bernadac (watch some performances here) and many other performances around between the 24th and 27th January.
After Namm I'll fly to Georgetown, Texas for some recording sessions at "The Noiz Faktory" recording studio. I'm working on some new exciting music which will be released soon this year.
Also I'll shoot a new educational series of videos featuring some of my music.
More news on it coming soon.
Home page © Copyright 2009-2019 All rights reserved. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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The School of History
The latest news and updates from the University of Kent's School of History
Meet the Historians: Dr Timothy Bowman
By History@Kent | 20 July 2020
This week on our blog Q&A we have Deputy Head of History Dr Timothy Bowman. Here Tim discusses what drew him to the study of military history and why the University of Kent is particularly well located for teaching and studying Britain's military past.
What's your role in the School of History?
I'm Reader in Modern British Military History and the Deputy Head of School.
What led you to become a military historian?
I was born and raised in Northern Ireland during the 'Troubles', so experienced war before I had a chance to study it. Added to that were the memories of my grandparents about the Second World War, which interested me from a young age. My parents were always keen to take me out to historic sites, so early memories are of visiting the fine Norman castles at Dundrum and Carrickfergus. As I got older, the Carnegie Libraries in Bangor and Belfast provided me with lots of interesting books and I had inspirational history teachers at both Gransha Boys' High School and Sullivan Upper School. At Queen's University Belfast, where I studied for my BA in Modern History, I was lucky to find a number of staff who indulged my interests, notably Richard Middleton who is a distinguished military historian of the 18th Century. Then, just as I was finishing my degree, the University of Luton advertised a Ph.D. studentship concerned with the British army in the First World War. I was lucky enough to be appointed to this and have been a card-carrying military historian ever since.
What are you currently researching?
I'm working on a book concerning the Irish soldier in the British army from c. 1680.
What's the best book in your field you've read recently?
I've found Tom Lockley's Military Medicine and the Making of Race: Life and Death in the West India Regiments, 1795-1874 (Cambridge University Press, 2020) a stimulating and timely read. This book demonstrates how complicit the British government was in the slave trade, and at a time when it was formally committed to ending it. I hadn't appreciated that a more virulent form of 'yellow fever' hit the West Indies in the 1790s; while death rates amongst Europeans had been high in the previous decades they became much worse in the 1790s so the British government decided to raise the West India Regiments with white officers and black soldiers. Professor Lockley, who is an academic at the University of Warwick, was kind enough to come and speak to our student-run History Society at Kent while he was working on this book, so it is very nice to be able to read the finished product.
What's the most common misconception about your field?
Military history suffers from the perception that it is all about generals and battles. I find some of the most interesting work is actually social history. Governments generally kept very good records about their soldiers and sailors, so you can work out a lot about the life of 'ordinary people' from military records.
What advice would you give a budding historian?
Get a library ticket for the best and biggest library you can get access to as early as you can. I was very lucky, long before I went to University, to be a member of Belfast Central Library – one of the original Carnegie Libraries and now part of Libraries NI. That gave me access to a wealth of books which I couldn't possibly have afforded to buy (and, of course, membership was absolutely free). Some internet sources are very good, but I still find six hours reading a good book time much better spent than six hours online!
What's your favourite module to teach?
I've very much enjoyed teaching the second year 'Armies at War, 1914-18' module during the centenary of the First World War, when aspects of the conflict have been very much in the media. Part of the professional historian's task is to debunk popular misconceptions and there have been plenty of those!
What's the best part about being a member of the University of Kent's School of History?
For a military historian it is quite special to be based in Kent, what was Britain's 'front line' county during the Napoleonic Wars and Second World War. As the UK's 'European University' we have easy access to the battlefields of the First and Second World Wars in Belgium and France; I always find visits there inspiring and humbling. Otherwise, I've found colleagues and students here very supportive of my research interests over the past 15 years and have received useful travel grants to indulge them.
If you could have dinner with one person from the past, who would it be?
The 1st Duke of Wellington. Supposedly asked by one historian of his memories of Waterloo, he commented, 'one might as well try to write the history of a ball as the history of a battle' it would be interesting to explore this. Also, I've always wondered if he had an Irish accent – he was born and raised in Dublin and Trim, Co. Meath after all!
Categories: Academic staff, Research Tags: British history, Centre for the History of War Media and Society, Timothy Bowman, WMS | {
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Brands, they are all about the buzz, being on point, being trendy and forward thinking. Some like to get up right to your face and scream out their arrival, whilst others just simply want you to find them.
So as a brand how should you reach your target market? Advertise too harshly you face putting off your customer base, be too quiet and you may never have a customer. It's a delicate balance.
This delicate balance is not just the perfect ratio of excitement versus shyness. Instead, this all-important ratio is determined by your positioning of your brand.
Would you buy a Harley Davidson if their advertising campaign showed business people pushing papers round the office, or would you become invested in their brand if they showed a business person removing their suit revealing a tattooed person who is far from what you expected.
The brand positioning of Harley Davidson tells us they are rebels. They have an edge an unpredictable notion surrounding them. Cleverly they have placed themselves into the perfect setting of the outlaw.
Could you imagine watching sons of anarchy and the biker gang riding Honda's or Yamaha's? Would it work? Probably not as both Yamaha and Honda are viewed as the safe motorbikes, or the racing bikes where being a rebel is unimportant.
And yet Harley Davidson plays by the rules, they play by the rules of advertising, they don't try to advertise themselves based upon the positioning of family friendly, that would be a little strange. It would also alienate their core market which would be detrimental to their company.
Granted the Harley has the advantages of being a beautiful motor, it's expensive too and some owners are probably corporate business owners or executives, they have a family to support but theses customers also want to keep that rebellious edge.
Harley Davidson know the importance of being consistent in the way they market their brand.
Coca-cola know the importance of being timeless. The arrival of the Christmas season is announced with the coca-cola truck advert which has remained the same for many years with only few minor changes to modernise in such a slight way.
The same can also be said for their adverts which surround themselves with the bringing together of culture, of friends and family. Coca-cola has ingrained itself in our society. Going beyond the brand name into the core of the language. Vodka and cola doesn't have the same ring as vodka and coke.
Every year comparisons are drawn between Pepsi and coca-cola, after all they make the same drink, coca-cola, however, has a larger market share due to being timeless and maintaining their campaigns which centre around the experience of friends, family and even stranger joking together.
Pepsi largely uses pop culture to advertise their product, they have a constant need to change, swapping from the sports star to the singers to attempting to create the same experience as coca-cola. Sorry Pepsi coca-cola only managed to become so strong because their branding is timeless, it doesn't change, it doesn't need to. | {
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Our Stronger Communities Partnership
Our Partnership Structure
People Library
It all started after lock down was announced, both me and my partner were adjusting to working from home with our 3 year old boy Leo. I'm sure we are just like many other families across the Bradford District and across the world finding this extremely challenging for the 3 of us.
I noticed the impact this was having on our child's mental health, he was no longer seeing his nursery friends, teachers or his close family members. He started to revert back to some early toddler behaviours.
One thing he did want to do everyday was to dress up in one of his super hero costumes and was asking me to be Bumblebee from Transformers (a must watch btw). Little did he know daddy had a Bumblebee costume that had been going dusty in the garage for the past 3 years from my nephews fancy dress party! He nearly passed out when he walked into the house from the garden to see Bumblebee stood there.
As lockdown continued I found myself reading more posts on our residents Facebook group in a bid to keep in touch with the outside world. I noticed some of the similar challenges families were having with their children, all so familiar to my current situation. I asked Leo if he would like to go out with Bumblebee and wave to the other children and make them happy. He was well up for this, "I will dress up as Spiderman for the children" he said proudly. I posted on the group for the neighbours to give Bumblebee and Spiderman a wave that afternoon. The neighbourhood seemed really happy about this, we set off out at the agreed time and people were coming to their gardens waving, some children were so happy it drew them to tears! The messages we received from parents and carers were so kind and they appreciated this act of kindness so much.
In some ways I have lockdown to thank as it was one evening I was looking for something new to read and found a book called How to be happy, 10 keys to Happier Living by Vanessa King. This book talks about acts of kindness and it resonated with me and the things I do day to day, it also made me realise the 100's of examples I see across Bradford District everyday. It was because of this I was compelled to set up the acts of kindness 2020 Facebook page and offer Bumblebee visits across Bradford. The requests soon came flooding in and within 3 hours I had 100 requests. Sometimes the smallest of gestures can make such a difference and bring so much happiness, as Bumblebee took to the streets of Bradford I was about to learn all about this.
Whilst we all try to deal with the challenges, the shocks, the grief, the fear and anxiety that has come with the current pandemic and as everyone adjusts to new ways of living its a great time to learn about acts of kindness as it can help us mentally deal with things. I would strongly recommend Vanessa's book, its a great read and puts into perspective how simple some acts of kindness can be. It's about giving and it's one of the first keys to happier living, may seem strange to some putting other peoples happiness first, rather than our own but giving and being kind can be powerful. Happiness is best achieved 'sideways on'. 'Do unto others as you would want them to do unto you'
We may think giving is about money or things, but there are many ways to give that don't involve either, such as helping or being kind. In essence, giving is an act of thoughtfulness for another person, a moment of attention, caring and connection. Here are some examples of different ways we can give that don't involve money:
Be Kind, whether you know them or not: strangers, family, friends, colleagues neighbours, whether old or young or those in need, both close to home or far away.
Give time, such as offering your skills, sharing your knowledge or resources or loyalty, or just being there to list
Help others in good time as well as in bad. This might mean helping someone to learn and grow, to develop ideas or to make and build relationships.
Cut people some slack. When someone (for example a colleague or family member) is having a hard time and is causing difficulties for others, be generous and 'give' by backing off and letting them have the benefit of the doubt.
As part of your routine, such as making a habit of calling in on an elderly neighbour or mentoring a colleague.
Small or simple acts. Giving doesn't always take huge amounts of effort. It can be easy and quick as voicing a kind or encouraging thought, giving your attention for a moment, gracing someone else with your smile or thoughtful gesture.
Acts we plan in advance, such as doing something special for a friend or neighbour, training for a sponsored run, organising a charity event, or helping a friend move house or clear their overgrown garden.
Spur-of-the-moment acts, whenever you notice a need. This might be just picking up someone's dropped glove, or an unprompted act of generosity such as letting another driver take a parking space ahead of you. It can be making someone laugh or simply listening to them. Or dressing up as a transformer lol!
Dressing up as Bumblebee and making other people happy was my way of coping with the brink of a mental breakdown, my act of kindness helped me by helping others. It also encouraged others to come out and do similar acts of kindness during these difficult times.
I would like to specially thank the following:
My partner Charlotte Keogan for being an amazing mum to our son and supporting me through difficult times.
Leo who has been amazing throughout his Spiderman role and throughout lockdown, a very special thank you to him.
My younger sister Cherelle Peters for getting Bumblebee across the district when the requests came flooding in and rushing me back home to continue with my work.
My colleague Zahra Niazi for asking me to do this blog and for sharing the action for kindness resource, this is where I discovered the book.
Dennis Rowe who listened to me and supported me in many ways, this allowed me to carryout this act of kindness.
Colleague and friend Richard Dunbar for kindly supporting my act of kindness, Bumblebee.
BCB Radio for airing my act of kindness.
The T&A for sharing my act of kindness and blowing my cover revealing who Bumblebee really is, lol! loved that.
Finally I would like to thank Vanessa King who is a board member at Action for Happiness and author of 10 keys to happier living.
Pause for a moment now and ask yourself these questions:
In what ways, small or large, have you helped or given to other people in the last few weeks?
What triggered you to help or give?
What impact or reaction did your generosity have on the recipient(s)?
What impact did helping have on you?
I have pulled extracts from the book and included in my blog, you can read lots more and find out about the scientific evidence behind it all in the book: https://www.actionforhappiness.org/book e version is £0.99
My acts of kindness page is on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/actofkindness2020/
I like this quote 'We make a living by what we get. We make a life by what we give' Winston Churchill
Thank you for taking the time in reading my blog, I leave you with a video below from a TEDx talk by Vanessa King.
Remember to be kind to yourself 🙂
Cain Lewis, Programme Support and Engagement Officer.
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Scott Sinclair on the Canada – South Korea Trade Agreement
December 3, 2007 Andrew Jackson 2 comments
Scott Sinclair, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
Opening Statement, Re Proposed Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement
Standing Committee on International Trade. Thursday, November 29, 2007
Thank you for the invitation to appear today and for the opportunity to raise some serious concerns about the proposed Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement and Canada's current approach to bilateral trade agreements.
In the time allotted, I wish to briefly address three issues: 1) Canada-Korea trade in goods and Canada's manufacturing crisis 2) the pursuit of WTO-plus intellectual property rights in the talks and 3) the deal's investor-state dispute provisions.
Canada-Korea merchandise trade and the manufacturing crisis
Since the Asian financial crisis in 1997, Canada-Korean trade in goods has been very unbalanced. Canada has consistently run large merchandise trade deficits with South Korea ($2.5 billion in 2006).
Moreover, Canada's largest exports to Korea are natural resources (e.g. wood pulp, coal, and aluminum); while Korea's biggest exports to Canada are manufactured goods (e.g. finished vehicles, TVs and radios, and electronics).
As you are aware, Canada-Korea automotive trade is especially lop-sided.
In 2006, Korea sold $1.7 billion in automotive products to Canada while Canada sold just $11 million worth to Korea (a ratio of 153:1).
The Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers' Association is concerned that the deal "would provide disproportionate benefits to Korean automakers." Just last week, Ford Canada warned that it would have to "reevaluate" its current investment position in Canada if the Canada-Korea deal goes ahead as planned.
The CAW union has released a study that predicts significant job losses from the deal (33,000 lost jobs, which the study breaks down by region).
The proposed agreement would certainly include rapid, perhaps immediate, tariff liberalization for manufactured goods.
The negative impacts would be felt not just in autos and shipbuilding, which have received the most attention, but also in a broad range of high-tech manufacturing sectors such as electronics, machinery, and plastics.
The proposed deal would worsen Canada's large bilateral manufacturing trade deficit with Korea and reinforce an unhealthy and unbalanced trade pattern (where Canada's primary exports to Korea are low-value-added natural resources, while our main imports are high-value-added manufactured goods.)
Canada has lost 291,000 manufacturing jobs since November 2002 (due mainly to the rise in the exchange rate of the Canadian dollar against the US dollar and the rising non-North American, mostly East Asian, share of the North American market.)
The proposed deal would be a blow to Canadian manufacturers and manufacturing workers at a critical time when they are struggling to cope with this crisis. They are justifiably looking to Canadian governments for supportive policies, not initiatives that would make their current situation even more difficult.
WTO-plus intellectual property rights
In a significant departure from its approach in previous bilateral FTAs, Canada is negotiating an intellectual property rights chapter in both the Canada-Korea and Canada-Colombia-Peru deals. Since the conclusion of the WTO Uruguay Round, no Canadian bilateral FTA has included an intellectual property rights chapter.
Since Korea and Canada are both WTO members, to whom the WTO Trade-Related Intellectual Property rights (TRIPS) rules already apply, the only reason to include an intellectual property chapter is to negotiate WTO-plus obligations.
What types of "TRIPS-plus" rules are Canadian negotiators seeking? Even at this late stage in the negotiations, the public does not know for sure. This committee can play a vital role in lifting this unacceptable veil of secrecy.
It can be surmised, however, that Canadian negotiators are actively considering so-called "data exclusivity" and "linkage" provisions, which reduce access to affordable drugs here at home and would have harmful impacts on access to medicines in FTA partner countries.
The monopoly protections afforded by data exclusivity can delay generic competition in cases where a pharmaceutical product is not patent protected, or where a compulsory license has been granted on a patent. Such provisions can also compel generic drug companies to conduct time-consuming and redundant clinical trials before they are able to market cheaper, medically equivalent versions of brand-name drugs.
Canada recently extended its own minimum period of data protection from 5 to 8 years. It would be a serious mistake, however, for Canada to lock in these new rules by binding them in its bilateral trade treaties. It would also harm public health in partner countries by driving up drug costs and reducing access to affordable medicines.
Another concern is that the IP chapter could include rules that prevent health regulatory agencies from granting approval for a drug if another company claims a patent. Health regulatory agencies should not be saddled with patent enforcement. The practical effect of such rules is to frustrate and delay the introduction of cheaper, generic medicines through pointless and costly litigation.
Such provisions were pioneered in Canada and the U.S. They are called "linkage provisions" because they link unrelated decisions with different policy objectives: "regulatory approval" (which should be based on safety, efficacy, and health concerns) and "patent protection" (which is a commercial issue).
Pursuing monopoly protection beyond that required by WTO rules in the Canada-Korea or Canada-Andean pacts would set a very bad precedent, locking in domestic policies that Canadian governments may want to change in future, and reducing access to essential medicines in FTA partner countries. An analysis by Oxfam estimates that similar provisions in the US-Colombia draft FTA would cost Colombians an extra $940 million a year to buy more expensive medicines.
I urge this committee to investigate why Canadian negotiators are breaking with past practice by pursuing TRIPs-plus intellectual property rights in both the Korean and Andean bilateral FTAs and to recommend a halt.
Expanding NAFTA chapter 11 and the investor-state dispute resolution system.
The Canada-Korea deal (and the Andean deals) would also contain investment chapters replicating NAFTA's controversial investor-state dispute settlement mechanism, which allows investors to sue governments over public policies that allegedly breach stringent investment protection rules.
Binding arbitration can be invoked unilaterally by investors, without seeking consent from their home government. Tribunal decisions are final, although they may be reviewed on narrow procedural grounds in the domestic courts. Although tribunals cannot compel government to change inconsistent measures, they can impose substantial fines.
The Canada-Korea agreement would expand these investor rights, which are unparalleled under multilateral trade rules.
Under NAFTA, there have been (by my count) 49 such claims. (There have been 18 claims against Canada, 14 against the U.S. and 17 against Mexico). The number of challenges to U.S. government measures has fallen off in recent years, but new claims continue to mount against Canada. Three new cases were filed against Canada during 2006 and another three in 2007.
One of these recent disputes pits Exxon-Mobil, the world's largest and most profitable oil company, against development policies in Newfoundland and Labrador.
Exxon-Mobil, which is a partner in the Hibernia and Terra Nova oil and gas fields off Newfoundland, alleges that Canadian guidelines stipulating that energy companies active in the offshore invest in research and development within Newfoundland and Labrador are prohibited by NAFTA's investment rules.
In another, the Adams Lake (V.G. Gallo) case, a U.S. investor is challenging the Ontario government's decision to halt a highly contentious project to dispose of Toronto's solid waste in a man-made lake on the site of a former open-pit mine in northern Ontario.
In fact, nearly half of the NAFTA investor-state claims (23 of 49) have involved challenges to environmental protection or natural resource management regulations. Beyond the immediate impact of such claims, there is concern about their chilling effect – that governments may avoid regulating for fear of becoming involved in a potentially costly dispute.
At a time when Canadians are more concerned than ever about protecting the environment, and ensuring that communities share equitably in the wealth created by resource development, the government of Canada should not be expanding or entrenching such provisions through bilateral trade agreements.
I commend the committee for holding these hearings (although it would have been better if they had begun before the talks were this far advanced). There needs to be full public and parliamentary debate on all aspects of the proposed Canada-Korea FTA.
This deal should not be rushed ahead simply for the sake of getting an agreement. Trade expansion should be based on the principles of fair and balanced trade. Excessive intellectual property protection and investor rights that go far beyond multilateral rules have no place in Canada's bilateral trade treaties.
The U.S-Korea FTA now appears unlikely to come to a vote in the U.S. congress before 2009. Pending the results of the U.S. presidential and congressional elections, the fate of the deal is uncertain. Key provisions of the U.S.-Korea deal could well be renegotiated. Given this, Canada, and Korea for that matter, would be well-advised to bide their time and delay or suspend the current talks.
An Analysis of Financial Flows in the Canadian Economy
July 5, 2018 Marc Lee
Unwarranted Gloom and Doom: The IMF on Canada and NAFTA
July 14, 2017 Andrew Jackson
The Stylized Facts of Canada-China Trade
August 29, 2016 Jim Stanford
December 3, 2007 12:06 pm
Seems to me that they are borrowing a lot from the text of the Korea-US free trade agreement. | {
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\section*{Abstract}
{\bf
Several tensor networks are built of isometric tensors, i.e.\ tensors satisfying $W^{\dagger} W = \mathbbm{1}$.
Prominent examples include matrix product states (MPS) in canonical form, the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA), and quantum circuits in general, such as those needed in state preparation and quantum variational eigensolvers.
We show how gradient-based optimization methods on Riemannian manifolds can be used to optimize tensor networks of isometries to represent e.g.\ ground states of 1D quantum Hamiltonians.
We discuss the geometry of Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds, the Riemannian manifolds of isometric tensors, and review how state-of-the-art optimization methods like nonlinear conjugate gradient and quasi-Newton algorithms can be implemented in this context.
We apply these methods in the context of infinite MPS and MERA, and show benchmark results in which they outperform the best previously-known optimization methods, which are tailor-made for those specific variational classes.
We also provide open-source implementations of our algorithms.
}
\vspace{10pt}
\noindent\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}
\tableofcontents\thispagestyle{fancy}
\noindent\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}
\vspace{10pt}
\section{Introduction}%
\label{sec:introduction}
Tensor networks can be used to efficiently represent vectors and operators in very large tensor product spaces, assuming they have a restricted structure of correlations.
This makes them well-suited as ansätze for ground states of local quantum Hamiltonians and other quantum states with limited entanglement~\cite{verstraete_mpsreview_2008,schollwoeck_densitymatrix_2011,vidal_class_2008}; as compact representations of partition functions of large systems in classical statistical mechanics~\cite{levin_trg_2007,evenbly_tnr_2015}; and as representations of tensors of various kinds in other applications~\cite{oseledets2011tensor}, such as machine learning~\cite{cichocki_era_2014,stoudenmire_supervised_2016}.
Many tensor networks have constraints applied to their tensors, most common of them being the requirement of isometricity, i.e.\ the property that $W^{\dagger} W = \mathbbm{1}$ when the tensor $W$ is interpreted as a linear map from the tensor product space associated with a subset of its indices to the space associated with the complementary set of indices.
This constraint arises from removing redundant gauge freedom from the network in the case of canonical forms of matrix product states (MPS)~\cite{schollwoeck_densitymatrix_2011} and tree tensor networks (TTN)~\cite{shi_classical_2006}, but is inherent in the definition of the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA)~\cite{vidal_class_2008}.
Even for projected entangled-pair states (PEPS)~\cite{verstraete_mpsreview_2008,verstraete2004renormalization}, where an isometry constraint does not arise naturally, it might be interesting to consider the restricted set with isometric tensors, as this simplifies certain calculations~\cite{zaletel2020isometric,soejima2020isometric,tepaske2020three}.
Furthermore, tensor networks constructed from isometric tensors are equivalent to quantum circuits that could potentially be implemented on a quantum computer, and have attracted recent attention from this point of view~\cite{peruzzo2014variational,li2017efficient,barratt2020parallel,lin2020real}.
To find a tensor network approximation of an unknown state of interest, e.g.\ a ground state of some local Hamiltonian, the variational principle is invoked, i.e.\ the ground state approximation is identified with the point on the tensor network manifold that minimizes the energy.
The first algorithm for finding such an approximation was the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG)~\cite{white_density_1992}, which optimizes the energy over the set of MPS (although the MPS structure was only implicit in the original formulation of DMRG).
The one-site DMRG algorithm in particular optimizes each tensor in turn, iterating the procedure until convergence, a technique known as alternating least squares optimization.
A similar alternating optimization strategy is also the basis for the standard energy minimization algorithm for MERA~\cite{evenbly_algorithms_2009}, which we refer to as the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm, although the local problem is in this case solved differently in order to respect the isometry condition.
Another paradigm for finding minimal energy tensor networks is based on the idea of imaginary time evolution, using either Trotter decompositions~\cite{vidal2004efficient,orus2008infinite} or the time-dependent variational principle (TDVP)~\cite{hackl2020geometry,haegeman2011time}.
Trotter-based imaginary time evolution has been the prevailing algorithm for the optimization of infinite PEPS until recently~\cite{corboz2016variational,vanderstraeten2016gradient}.
In the context of optimizing unitary or isometric tensor networks, yet another strategy is based on flow equations, as proposed in Ref.~\onlinecite{dawson2008unifying}.
Also in the context of quantum computational tasks, classical optimization of the unitary gates in the quantum circuit with respect to a given cost function is often required, as e.g.\ in Ref.~\onlinecite{lin2020real}.
Well-known gradient-based algorithms for nonlinear optimization have not received a great deal of attention for the optimization of tensor networks, likely due to the astounding efficiency of the DMRG algorithm for the case of MPS\@.
Promising results for using the standard (i.e.\ Euclidean) version of the nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm were reported for translation-invariant MPS~\cite{milsted2013matrix} and PEPS~\cite{vanderstraeten2016gradient} in the thermodynamic limit.
In this manuscript, we propose to use the well-established Riemannian generalization of the nonlinear conjugate gradient and quasi-Newton algorithms to optimize over manifolds of isometric tensor networks.
We furthermore construct a specific preconditioner for these algorithms, derived from the Hilbert space geometry of the tensor network manifold, and show that the resulting methods can outperform tailor-made optimization algorithms, such as the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm for MERA and the variational uniform MPS (VUMPS) algorithm~\cite{zauner2018variational} for infinite MPS\@.
This manuscript is structured as follows:
Section~\ref{sec:geometry} provides an overview of the Riemannian geometry of complex Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds, the manifolds of isometric matrices and tensors.
In Section~\ref{sec:optimization}, we briefly review the basics of Riemannian extensions of gradient-based optimization methods such as the gradient descent, nonlinear conjugate gradient and quasi-Newton algorithms, and discuss the role of preconditioners in this setting.
In Sections~\ref{sec:mera} and~\ref{sec:mps}, we show how these methods can be applied in the context of MERA and MPS, respectively, and demonstrate how they outperform previous methods in many situations.
Section~\ref{sec:discussion} provides some further discussion and an outlook.
The algorithms presented below are available in open source software packages written in the scientific programming language Julia~\cite{bezanson2017julia}.
The most high-level and user-facing packages are MPSKit.jl~\cite{MPSKit.jl} and MERAKit.jl~\cite{MERAKit.jl}.
The ancillary files in \href{https://arxiv.org/src/2007.03638}{arxiv.org/src/2007.03638} include scripts that use these packages to reproduce all the benchmark results that we show.
\section{Riemannian geometry of isometric tensors}%
\label{sec:geometry}
Throughout this section, we focus on a single isometric matrix $W$ that fulfills $W^{\dagger} W = \mathbbm{1}$.
This could for instance be an isometry or disentangler of a MERA, with its top and bottom indices combined to single matrix indices, or an MPS tensor in left or right canonical form.
In contrast to most literature in numerical optimization, we focus on complex isometric matrices.
Isometric matrices of a given size $n \times p$ form a manifold, called the Stiefel manifold, that can be naturally embedded in the Euclidean vector space $\mathbb{C}^{n\times p}$ of general complex $n\times p$ matrices:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:stiefel_definition}
\Stiefel{n}{p} = \{ W \in \mathbb{C}^{n \times p} \;|\; W^{\dagger} W = \mathbbm{1} \},
\end{equation}
where we have assumed the necessary condition $n \geq p$.
The case $n = p$ yields the manifold of unitary matrices $\Unitary{n}$, which is thus included as special case.
For instance, for the isometries of a ternary MERA with bond dimension $D$, $n = D^3$ and $p = D$, whereas the corresponding disentanglers have $n = p = D^2$.
In the case of left or right canonical MPS with physical dimension $d$ and bond dimension $D$, $n = dD$ and $p = D$.
The isometry constraint imposes $p^2$ independent real-valued constraints and thus $\Stiefel{n}{p}$ is a real manifold of dimension $(2n - p)p$.
Note that as the isometry constraint is not holomorphic, $\Stiefel{n}{p}$ cannot be understood as a complex manifold, and its tangent space cannot be given the structure of a complex subspace of $\mathbb{C}^{n \times p}$, a point to which we return below.
In many situations, what is of interest is not the exact isometry $W$ itself, but rather the subspace which it defines by the span of its $p$ columns.
In those cases, one should identify $W$ with $WU$, where $U$ can be an arbitrary $p \times p$ unitary, and consider the equivalence class $[W] = \{\, W U \;|\; U \in \Unitary{p} \}$.
In a tensor network, this happens whenever the columns of $W$ correspond to a single virtual index, in which case a gauge transformation $U$ can be applied to it, while $U^\dagger$ can be absorbed into the leg of the tensor to which $W$ is connected.
The manifold of such equivalence classes of isometric tensors $[W]$ is a quotient manifold known as the Grassmann manifold $\Grassmann{n}{p} = \Stiefel{n}{p}/\Unitary{p}$.
While $\Grassmann{n}{p}$ is here defined as the quotient manifold of two manifolds without complex structure, $\Grassmann{n}{p}$ is itself a proper complex manifold with complex dimension $(n - p)p$, or equivalently, real dimension $2(n - p)p$.
This can be understood by noticing that the isometry condition is not necessary to define a subspace, so that $\Grassmann{n}{p}$ can also be defined as $\Grassmann{n}{p} = \GeneralLinear{n} / (\GeneralLinear{p} \times \GeneralLinear{n-p})$, with $\GeneralLinear{n}$ the general linear group of invertible complex $n\times n$ matrices.
In fact, $\Grassmann{n}{p}$ can then be given the structure of a K\"{a}hler manifold, which can be important when studying time evolution~\cite{hackl2020geometry}.
In contrast, optimization of real-valued functions on a manifold is only concerned with the Riemannian structure (and not with possible complex, symplectic, or K\"{a}hler structures), for which only the structure as real manifold is relevant, as we make more explicit below.
Throughout the remainder of this manuscript, we will denote elements from Grassmann manifolds using a single representative $W$ of the corresponding equivalence class $[W]$, and assume that $W$ is isometric.
We briefly review the basic properties of Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds which are required to apply gradient-based optimization methods.
For a more thorough introduction to the properties of Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds, see for instance Refs.~\onlinecite{edelman_geometry_1998,zhu_riemannian_2017}.
Note though, that these references only consider real-valued matrices, whereas we review here the complex case.
\subsection{Tangent vectors}%
\label{sec:geometry_tangents}
For an isometric matrix $W \in \Stiefel{n}{p}$, the tangent space at $W$ consists of all matrices $X$ for which $W^{\dagger} X$ is skew-hermitian.
In other words,
\begin{equation}%
\label{eq:stiefel_tangent}
X = W A + W_\perp B, \;\text{where}\; A = -A^{\dagger}.
\end{equation}
Here $W_\perp$ is a $n \times (n-p)$ isometric matrix such that $WW^{\dagger} + W_\perp W_\perp^{\dagger} = \mathbbm{1}$, i.e.\ it is a unitary completion of $W$ (which is not unique).
$B$ is an arbitrary $(n-p) \times p$ matrix.
The skew-hermiticity condition on $A$ implies that the tangent space only allows for linear combinations with real-valued scalar coefficients, i.e.\ it is a vector space over $\mathbb{R}$, as mentioned above.
Because optimization algorithms are formulated using only real-valued linear combinations of tangent vectors, this does not pose any restriction.
For a point on the Grassmann manifold represented by $W$, we can use the unitary gauge freedom to impose that tangent vectors satisfy the holomorphic condition $W^{\dagger} X = 0$.
This amounts to restricting to tangent vectors with $A=0$, and thus the tangent vectors on a Grassmann manifold can be parameterized as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:grassmann_tangent}
X = W_\perp B,
\end{equation}
with $B$ again being an arbitrary $(n-p) \times p$ matrix.
Note that the $A=0$ condition is preserved under complex linear combinations, as one would expect given the complex structure of $\Grassmann{n}{p}$.
In both cases, Stiefel and Grassmann, we denote the tangent space at $W$ by $\tangentspace{W}$, to which we can append the manifold if we want to distinguish explicitly between the two cases.
\subsection{Metric}%
\label{sec:geometry_metric}
Implicit in most gradient methods is the idea to use the partial derivatives of the cost function, which constitute a dual vector in the cotangent space, as a direction (i.e.\ a tangent vector) along which to update the state.
This works fine if one assumes to be working in Euclidean space, but otherwise requires a metric.
A natural metric for $\tangentspace{W}$, regardless of whether we are on a Stiefel or Grassmann manifold, is the Euclidean metric $g_W(X, Y) = \Re \Tr [X^{\dagger} Y]$, i.e.\ the real part of the Frobenius inner product in the embedding space $\mathbb{C}^{n \times p}$.
Note that the real part of the inner product of a complex space defines a metric (a real symmetric bilinear), whereas the imaginary part defines a symplectic form.
While a general metric depends on the base point $W$, for $g_W$ this dependence is not explicit.
Another natural metric for the Stiefel manifold is given by what is known as canonical metric, for which we refer to Ref.~\onlinecite{edelman_geometry_1998}.
In this manuscript we use the Euclidean $g_W$, as we found little difference between the two choices in our simulations, and the Euclidean metric is more closely related to the Hilbert space inner product and the preconditioning schemes for the tensor networks that we consider in later sections.
A metric allows one to map cotangent vectors to tangent vectors.
In a case like ours, where the manifold is embedded in a Euclidean space, it more generally allows one to construct an orthogonal projection from the embedding space to the tangent space.
For a given complex matrix $D\in\mathbb{C}^{n \times p}$, we define its orthogonal projection onto $\tangentspace{W}$ as the tangent vector $G$ for which $g_W(G, X) = \Re \Tr [D^{\dagger} X]$, for all $X \in \tangentspace{W}$.
The solution for this projection is
\begin{align}
\label{eq:stiefel_gradient}
G &= D - \frac{1}{2} W(W^{\dagger} D + D^{\dagger} W) & \text{if } W &\in \Stiefel{n}{p},\\%
\label{eq:grassmann_gradient}
G &= D - WW^{\dagger} D & \text{if } W &\in \Grassmann{n}{p}.
\end{align}
$D\mapsto G$ is a complex linear map for the Grassmann manifold, but only real linear for the Stiefel manifold.
Although the names $D$ and $G$ purposefully refer to derivatives and gradients, note that Eqs.~\eqref{eq:stiefel_gradient} and~\eqref{eq:grassmann_gradient} can be used to project any arbitrary matrix from $\mathbb{C}^{n \times p}$ onto the tangent space $\tangentspace{W}$.
\subsection{Gradients, retraction, and transport}%
\label{sec:geometry_gradients_retraction_transport}
For gradient optimization of a cost function $C(W)$, we can first compute the partial derivatives
\begin{align}
D_{ij} = \frac{\partial C}{\partial \Re W_{ij}} + i \frac{\partial C}{\partial \Im W_{ij}} = 2 \frac{\partial C}{\partial W^\ast_{ij}}
\end{align}
without taking the isometry condition into account.
The complex linear combination here is chosen such that
\begin{align}
\left.\frac{\mathrm{d} C(W + \epsilon X)}{\mathrm{d} \epsilon}\right\vert_{\epsilon=0} = \Re \Tr [D^{\dagger} X], \quad \forall X \in \mathbb{C}^{n \times p}
\end{align}
(assuming that the cost-function can meaningfully be extended or continued to non-isometric matrices in such a way that the above derivative is well defined).
Projecting $D$ onto the tangent space with Eq.~\eqref{eq:stiefel_gradient} or~\eqref{eq:grassmann_gradient} yields $G$, which is the tangent vector such that
\begin{align}
\label{eq:stiefel_grassmann_gradient_condition}
g_W(G, X) = \left.\frac{\mathrm{d} C(W + \epsilon X)}{\mathrm{d} \epsilon}\right\vert_{\epsilon=0},\quad \forall X \in \tangentspace{W}.
\end{align}
$G$ will henceforth be referred to as the \emph{gradient} of $C$.
This brings us to the next point, which is that we would often like to change our isometry $W$ by moving in the direction of a tangent vector $X\in \tangentspace{W}$, but $W + \epsilon X$ will only respect the isometry condition up to first order in $\epsilon$.
To travel further in the direction of $X$ while staying on the manifold, Riemannian optimization algorithms employ the concept of \emph{retraction}.
A retraction $\retraction{W}{X}{\alpha}$ is a curve parameterized by $\alpha \in \mathbb{R}$, an initial point $W$ such that $\retraction{W}{X}{0} = W$, and initial direction $X \in \tangentspace{W}$ such that $\frac{\partial}{\partial \alpha} \retraction{W}{X}{\alpha}|_{\alpha=0} = X$, that lies exactly within the manifold for all values of $\alpha$ in some interval containing $\alpha = 0$ (preferably $\alpha \in \mathbb{R}^+$).
For both Stiefel and Grassmann manifolds, several retraction functions exist, even if we impose the requirement that we must be able to numerically compute them efficiently.
One natural choice to consider are geodesics, since the notion of retraction can be seen as a generalization thereof.
Given a tangent vector $X = WA + W_\perp B$, the retraction
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:retraction}
\retraction{W}{X}{\alpha} = e^{\alpha \, Q_X} \, W \, ,
\quad \text{where } Q_X =
\begin{bmatrix}
W & W_\perp
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
A & -B^{\dagger} \\%
B & 0
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
W^{\dagger} \\%
W_\perp^{\dagger}
\end{bmatrix},
\end{equation}
is indeed a geodesic for the Grassmann manifold (where $A=0$), but is not a geodesic with respect to the Euclidean metric for the Stiefel manifold (where $A = -A^{\dagger}$).
It is however a geodesic with respect to the canonical metric of the Stiefel manifold, and can certainly be used as viable retraction also in combination with the Euclidean metric.\footnote{%
A closed form expression for the geodesics of the Stiefel manifold with respect to the Euclidean metric is also known, but cannot be written using a unitary applied to $W$; we refer to Ref.~\onlinecite{edelman_geometry_1998} for further details.
}
The retraction in Eq.~\eqref{eq:retraction} requires the matrix exponential of $Q_X$, which can be evaluated with $O(n p^2 + p^3)$ operations (compared to a naive $O(n^3)$ implementation) by exploiting the fact that the maximal rank of $Q_X$ is $2p$.\footnote{%
How this is done depends slightly on the manifold.
In the simpler Grassmann case, the exponential in Eq.~\eqref{eq:retraction} reduces to sines and cosines of singular values of $X$, and we can avoid constructing $W_\perp$ explicitly~\cite{edelman_geometry_1998}.
In the Stiefel case, we need to extract $W_\perp$ from a QR decomposition of $\begin{bmatrix} W & Z \end{bmatrix}$, where $Z = (\mathbbm{1} - WW^{\dagger})X = W_\perp B$, and compute the matrix exponential of $
\begin{bmatrix}
A & -B^{\dagger} \\%
B & 0
\end{bmatrix}
$.
The full details can be found in the source code of the TensorKitManifolds.jl~\cite{TensorKitManifolds.jl} package.
}
Another notable option for retraction is to replace the exponential in Eq.~\eqref{eq:retraction} by a Cayley transform, which can then exploit the reduced rank via the Sherman–Morrison-Woodbury formula, see Ref.~\onlinecite{zhu_riemannian_2017} for details.
While the latter can be somewhat faster, we use the retraction in Eq.~\eqref{eq:retraction} throughout this manuscript.
The above definitions constitute the bare minimum to formulate a Riemannian gradient descent algorithm on a Stiefel or Grassmann manifold.
To exploit information from previous optimization steps, as happens in the conjugate gradient and quasi-Newton algorithms, one more ingredient is needed: a vector transport to transport gradients and other tangent vectors from previous points on the manifold to the current point.
A vector transport generalizes the concept of parallel transport, and needs to be compatible with the chosen retraction.
If $V = \retraction{W}{X}{\alpha}$ is the end point of a retraction, a vector transport maps a tangent vector $Y \in \tangentspace{W}$ at the initial point to a tangent vector $\transport{Y}{W}{X}{\alpha} \in \tangentspace{V}$.
As with the retraction, many choices are possible, but we use the transport
\begin{align}
\label{eq:transport}
\transport{Y}{W}{X}{\alpha} = e^{\alpha \, Q_X} \, Y \, ,
\end{align}
where $Q_X$ is as in Eq.~\eqref{eq:retraction}, both for the Stiefel and the Grassmann case.
This choice can be implemented efficiently, again by exploiting the low-rank property of $Q_X$.
It has the additional benefit that it is a metric connection, which is to say it preserves inner products between tangent vectors, i.e.\ $g_W(Y_1,Y_2) = g_V(\transport{Y_1}{W}{X}{\alpha}, \,\transport{Y_2}{W}{X}{\alpha})$.
This simplifies some steps of the optimization algorithms and guarantees desirable convergence properties~\cite{zhu_riemannian_2017}.
Note that Eq.~\eqref{eq:transport} is not the parallel transport with respect to the Euclidean metric $g$ (nor with respect to the canonical metric), as it corresponds to a metric connection which has torsion, but this does not hinder its usage in optimization algorithms.
Alternatively, one could again replace the exponential in Eq.~\eqref{eq:transport} by a Cayley transform, if this was also done in the retraction.
\subsection{Product manifolds}%
\label{sec:geometry_product_manifolds}
Note, finally, that a function depending on several isometries or unitaries corresponds to a function on the product manifold $\Stiefel{n_1}{p_1} \times\, \Stiefel{n_2}{p_2} \times \ldots$ (with $\times$ being the Cartesian product), where some of the factors could also be Grassmann manifolds instead.
The corresponding tangent space is the Cartesian product of the individual tangent spaces (which corresponds to the direct sum as long as the number of tensors remains finite) and all of the above structures and constructions extend trivially.
\section{Riemannian gradient optimization}%
\label{sec:optimization}
Having established the Riemannian geometry of Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds (and products thereof) in the previous section, we can now discuss how to implement Riemannian versions of some well-known gradient-based optimization algorithms, all of which are described in the literature~\cite{smith_optimization_1994,edelman_geometry_1998,absil2009optimization,ring2012optimization,huang2015broyden,zhu_riemannian_2017}.
We aim to minimize a cost function $C(W)$ defined on our manifold, where we consider a single argument $W$ for notational simplicity.
The simplest approach is the Riemannian formulation of gradient descent, often also referred to as steepest descent.
It is an iterative procedure which at every step computes the gradient of $C$ at the current point on the manifold, and then uses the chosen retraction in the direction of the negative gradient to find the next point.
In steepest descent, the step size $\alpha$ is chosen so as to minimize $C$ along the retraction $\alpha \mapsto \retraction{W}{X}{\alpha}$ with $X = - G$.
Finding $\alpha$ is known as the linesearch, and various algorithms and strategies exist for it.
It is often unnecessary or even prohibitive to determine the minimum accurately; rather an approximate step size $\alpha$ that satisfies the Wolfe conditions~\cite{nocedal2006numerical} is sufficient to guarantee convergence.
If we define $W' = \retraction{W}{X}{\alpha}$ to be the new isometry, $G'$ the gradient at $W'$, and $X' = \mathrm{d} \retraction{W}{X}{\alpha} / \mathrm{d} \alpha$ the local tangent to the retraction, then the Wolfe conditions are
\begin{align}
\label{eq:wolfe_1}
C(W') &< C(W) - c_1 g_W(G, X),\\%
\label{eq:wolfe_2}
g_{W'}(G',X') &> c_2 g_W(G,X),
\end{align}
with $0 < c_1 < c_2 < 1$ being free parameters~\cite{ring2012optimization,huang2015broyden}.
Eq.~\eqref{eq:wolfe_1} states that the cost function should decrease sufficiently, while Eq.~\eqref{eq:wolfe_2} says that its slope (which starts out negative for a descent direction) should increase sufficiently.
Throughout our simulations, we use the linesearch algorithm described in Refs.~\onlinecite{hager2006algorithm,hager_new_2005}, which also takes into account that the descent property of Eq.~\eqref{eq:wolfe_1} (also known as the Armijo rule) cannot be evaluated accurately close to convergence due to finite machine precision, and switches to an approximate but numerically more stable condition when necessary.
In practice, a small number (often two or three) function evaluations suffice to determine a suitable step size $\alpha$.
While (Riemannian) gradient descent with step sizes that satisfy the Wolfe conditions converges in theory, this convergence is only linear and can be prohibitively slow, especially for systems of physical interest exhibiting strong correlations (e.g.\ critical systems)~\footnote{
This can be argued by noting that the Hessian of the corresponding energy function is often related to the dispersion relation of the physical excitations in the system~\cite{haegeman2012variational,haegeman2013post}, and thus has (near)-zero modes for such systems.
}.
An improved algorithm with nearly the same cost is the nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm, which dates back to the work of Hestenes and Stiefel.
In conjugate gradient the search direction is a linear combination of the (negative) gradient and the previous search direction, a concept known as \enquote{momentum} in the context of optimizers for machine learning.
Various schemes exist for the choice of the $\beta$ coefficient in this linear combination, see Ref.~\onlinecite{hager_survey_2006} and references therein.
All these schemes can be applied in the Riemannian case, although the inner products that need to be computed as part of $\beta$'s definition need to be replaced by the metric $g$.
Furthermore, to build a linear combination between the current gradient and the previous search direction, one needs to invoke the vector transport $\mathcal{T}$ from Sec.~\ref{sec:geometry} for the latter to represent a valid tangent vector at the new base point.
In the simulations below, we use the conjugate gradient scheme of Hager and Zhang~\cite{hager2006algorithm,hager_new_2005}.
From a second order expansion of the cost function around the current point, one arrives at Newton's method, which suggests taking a step of length $1$ in the direction of $-H^{-1}(G)$, where $H$ is the Hessian, i.e.\ the matrix of second derivatives.
While Newton's method has a theoretical quadratic convergence rate close to the minimum, computing $H$ and its inverse is often prohibitively expensive and has various other issues.
The Hessian might not be positive definite far away from the minimum, and furthermore depends on the second order behaviour of the retraction when formulating a Riemannian generalization of Newton's method.
Quasi-Newton methods, on the other hand, construct an approximation to $H^{-1}$ using only gradients, computed at the successive points $W_k$ along the optimization.
The most commonly used is the Limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm~\cite{nocedal1980updating,nocedal2006numerical}, which keeps a low-rank, positive semi-definite approximation of $H^{-1}$ in memory.
The Riemannian formulation of it also depends on the vector transport and has been well established, see Refs.~\onlinecite{ring2012optimization, huang2015broyden} and references therein.
Both the conjugate gradient and L-BFGS algorithms converge to a local minimum at a rate that is somewhere between the linear convergence of gradient descent and quadratic convergence of Newton's method.
Which one is to be preferred often depends on the application.
The latter requires a few more vector operations, but can use these to scale the inverse Hessian so that step size $\alpha=1$ is typically accepted and no linesearch is needed in most iterations.
Despite the speedup provided by the conjugate gradient and L-BFGS algorithms, it is often beneficial to apply a \emph{preconditioner} to the optimisation.
A preconditioner is a transformation that maps one tangent vector to another, $X \mapsto \tilde{X}$, and that is applied when choosing the search direction.
Using a preconditioner with gradient descent simply means retracting in the direction of the negative \emph{preconditioned} gradient $-\tilde{G}$, instead of $-G$.
Using preconditioners with conjugate gradient and quasi-Newton methods is not much more complicated, and we direct the reader to the numerical optimisation literature~\cite{nocedal2006numerical,nash1985preconditioning,desterck_nonlinearly_2018} for the details.
The choice of the preconditioner $X \mapsto \tilde{X}$ is typically guided by trying to capture some structure of the Hessian.
The inverse Hessian $\tilde{X} = H^{-1}(X)$ would often be an ideal preconditioner, and while it is usually infeasible to implement, using some approximation to it may already help convergence significantly.
A preconditioner (assumed to be positive definite) can also be seen as changing the metric in the problem, hopefully in such a way that the optimisation landscape becomes less singular and hence easier to navigate for the chosen optimisation algorithm.
This geometrical viewpoint is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:preconditioning_geometry}, and is what we will use to justify the preconditioners we use in our tensor network optimisations.
Note that the same effect could be achieved by actually defining a new metric on the relevant Stiefel or Grassmann manifold, and repeating the steps in Sec.~\ref{sec:geometry} again for this metric.
However, we find that using the Euclidean inner product with an additional explicit preconditioning step gives greater flexibility without complicating e.g.\ the metric condition for the vector transport.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{preconditioning_geometry.pdf}
\caption{%
On the left, the grey ovals are the contour lines of the cost function in this 2-dimensional optimisation problem.
The purple arrow $X$ is the negative gradient, and the zig-zag line emanating from it is the path that gradient descent takes.
The relatively slow convergence of the gradient descent path is a consequence of the near-singular geometry of the contour lines, where the cost function varies much more along one axis than the other.
The green arrow $\tilde{X}$ would be the optimal choice for the preconditioned search direction, the one that takes us to the optimum in a single retraction.
By changing the geometry (i.e.\ the metric) of the problem, in this case by a simple rescaling of the axes, we can map to the problem on the right, where the geometry of the contour lines has become less singular.
In this new geometry $\tilde{X}$ is in fact the negative gradient.
This suggests that a preconditioner that implements this change of geometry would probably be beneficial for convergence.
While the above is a cartoon example, redefining the metric to make the optimisation landscape less singular can be a useful way to design preconditioners more generally.
}%
\label{fig:preconditioning_geometry}
\end{figure}
In the context of tensor networks, the cost function $C$ will typically be $C(W) = \bra{\psi(W)} H \ket{\psi(W)}$, where $H$ is a local Hamiltonian, and $\ket{\psi(W)}$ is a tensor network state dependent on the isometry $W$.
A tangent vector $X \in \tangentspace{W}$ can then be related to a state $\ket{\Phi_W(X)} = X^i \ket{\partial_i \psi(W)}$ in Hilbert space, which yields an induced inner product $\braket{\Phi_W(X)}{\Phi_W(Y)}$ between tangent vectors $X, Y \in \tangentspace{W}$.
A suitable preconditioner can then be extracted from the explicit expression of $\braket{\Phi_W(X)}{\Phi_W(Y)}$, or some approximation thereof.
As discussed in the applications below, we assume that this inner product can be written as $\braket{\Phi_W(X)}{\Phi_W(Y)} \approx \Tr[X^{\dagger} Y \rho_W]$ for some $W$-dependent, hermitian, positive (semi)-definite $\rho_W$ of size $p \times p$.
We can then implement a preconditioning step $X \mapsto \tilde{X} \in \tangentspace{W}$ such that (henceforth omitting the $W$ dependence)
\begin{equation}%
\label{eq:preconditioner}
\Re \Tr[Y^{\dagger} \tilde{X} \rho] = \Re \Tr[Y^{\dagger} X] \quad \forall \, Y \in \tangentspace{W}.
\end{equation}
In other words, the Euclidean inner product with $X$ equals the more physically motivated inner product with $\tilde{X}$.
If we express $X$ as $X = WA + W_\perp B$, where $A$ is skew-hermitian (Stiefel) or zero (Grassmann), then the solution to Eq.~\eqref{eq:preconditioner} is
\begin{align}%
\label{eq:preconditioner_solution}
& \tilde{X} = W \tilde{A} + W_\perp \tilde{B},\\%
\text{where} \; & \tilde{A} \rho + \rho \tilde{A} = 2 A \;\text{and}\; \tilde{B} = B \rho^{-1}.
\end{align}
The equation for $\tilde{A}$ is a Sylvester equation, that can be solved easily and efficiently using e.g.\ an eigendecomposition of $\rho$ at a cost $O(p^3)$.
The matrix $\rho$ may often be quite ill-conditioned, and in practice we have found the regularized inverse ${\left(\rho^2 + \mathbbm{1} \delta^2\right)}^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ to work well.
We discuss the choice of $\delta$ in the applications below.
Note that this preconditioner accounts for the structure of the physical state space, i.e.\ it corresponds to the induced metric of the variational manifold in Hilbert space.
When implemented exactly, the preconditioned gradient corresponds to the direction in which a state would evolve under imaginary time evolution as implemented by the time-dependent variational principles of Dirac, Frenkel or McLachlan (see Refs.~\onlinecite{hackl2020geometry,Yuan_2019} and references therein) and has been used with MPS as such~\cite{haegeman2011time}.
This choice, or (block)-diagonal approximations thereof, as discussed in the next section for the case of MERA, was recently referred to as the ``quantum natural gradient'' in the context of variational quantum circuits~\cite{Stokes_2020}.
This choice of preconditioner is independent of the Hamiltonian, and it is conceivable that a much bigger speedup can be obtained by explicitly taking the Hamiltonian into account.
Such an improved preconditioner can probably not be implemented efficiently without resorting to an iterative linear solver, such as the linear conjugate gradient method.
Such a scheme would be close in spirit to the set of optimization methods known as truncated Newton algorithms~\cite{nash1985preconditioning,nash2000survey}.
The above preconditioner can then still prove useful to speed up this inner linear problem.
We elaborate on this in the discussion in Section~\ref{sec:discussion}.
\section{Application: MERA}%
\label{sec:mera}
In this section we show how Riemannian optimization methods can be applied to the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA), and demonstrate that the resulting algorithm outperforms the usual Evenbly-Vidal optimization method used for MERA\@.
Specifically, we concentrate on a one-dimensional, infinite, scale invariant, ternary MERA, but the generalization to other types of MERAs is trivial.
A MERA is a tensor network of the form
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:mera}
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.4em]{mera.pdf}
\; .
\end{equation}
Each tensor in a MERA is isometric in the sense that
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:mera_isometricity}
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.6em]{mera_isometricity_a.pdf}
\; = \;
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.6em]{mera_isometricity_b.pdf}
\qquad \text{and} \qquad
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.6em]{mera_isometricity_c.pdf}
\; = \;
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.6em]{mera_isometricity_d.pdf}
\;,
\end{equation}
where red borders denote complex conjugation.
The network defines a quantum state $\ket{\text{MERA}}$ living on the lattice at the bottom legs in Eq.~\eqref{eq:mera}.
In the example MERA from Eq.~\eqref{eq:mera}, there are two distinct layers:
There is one transition layer at the bottom, followed by a scale invariant layer, copies of which repeat upwards to infinity.
Each layer $i$ is translation invariant and defined by two tensors, the disentangler $u_i =
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.2em]{mera_u.pdf}\,$
and the isometry
$w_i =
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.2em]{mera_w.pdf}\,$.
The cost function we are trying to minimize is $\bra{\text{MERA}} H \ket{\text{MERA}}$, where $H = \sum_i h_i$ is a given local Hamiltonian.
In our benchmark simulations we use the critical Ising Hamiltonian
\begin{align}
h_i = -X_i X_{i+1} - Z_i.
\end{align}
The parameter space in which we are optimising is $\bigtimes_v M_v$, where $\bigtimes_v$ denotes Cartesian product over all the different tensors $v = u_1, w_1, u_2, w_2, \dots$, and $M_v$ is the Stiefel or Grassmann manifold of each tensor $v$.
Any unitary one-site rotation on the top index of an isometry $w_i$ can be absorbed into the disentangler $u_{i+1}$ above it, and hence the natural manifold for $w$'s is the Grassmann manifold: $M_{w_i} = \mathrm{Gr}$.\footnote{%
Note that we are not saying here that any member of the equivalence class $[w_i] = \{ w_i U \;|\; UU^{\dagger} = U^{\dagger} U = \mathbbm{1}\}$ leads to the same MERA\@: This is obviously not the case.
Instead what we are saying is that changes of the form $w_i \mapsto w_i U$ are degenerate from the point of view of our optimization, as they can be cancelled by a corresponding change in one of the disentanglers.
In other words, any tangent directions that correspond to changes of the type $w_i \mapsto w_i U$ are of no interest to us, and can be projected out.
}
The same is not true for the disentanglers, for which similar unitary rotations would entangle the two top indices, and hence we treat them as points on Stiefel manifolds: $M_{u_i} = \mathrm{St}$.\footnote{
Indeed, $\Grassmann{n}{n}$ is the trivial singleton manifold $[\mathbbm{1}]$.
}
We have omitted the dimensions of the manifolds, since they depend on the physical site state space dimension $d$ and the bond dimension $D$ of the upper layers.
As discussed at the end of Section~\ref{sec:geometry}, the tangent space is the Cartesian product of the tangent spaces of the individual tensors, $\bigtimes_v \tangentspace{v}$, which corresponds to a direct sum structure, and the Riemannian geometry and associated operations extend trivially.
The inner product, in particular, is the sum of the inner products on the individual manifolds.
To compute the gradients, we first discuss the partial derivatives.
Hereto, we denote the partial derivative of the state $\ket{\text{MERA}}$ with respect to a tensor $v$ by $\partial_v \ket{\text{MERA}}$.
Since each tensor appears several times in the network, $\partial_v \ket{\text{MERA}}$ has several terms in it, e.g.
\begin{gather}
\label{eq:mera_derivative}
\partial_{w_1} \ket{\text{MERA}} = \;
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.2em]{mera_derivative_a.pdf}
\; + \;
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.2em]{mera_derivative_b.pdf}
\; + \;
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.2em]{mera_derivative_c.pdf}
\; + \; \dots.
\end{gather}
The partial derivative of the cost function is then $D_v = 2 \partial_{v^{\dagger}} \bra{\text{MERA}} H \ket{\text{MERA}}$.
Up to a scalar factor, the same object arises in the context of the usual Evenbly-Vidal optimization algorithm, where it is called the \enquote{environment} of tensor $v$.
These environments can be computed efficiently, and we refer the reader to Ref.~\onlinecite{evenbly_algorithms_2009} for how to do so.
Extra care needs to be taken when dealing with the scale invariant layer, something we discuss in Appendix~\ref{app:mera_scale_invariant_layer}.
The gradient $G_v$ is the projection of the partial derivative $D_v$ onto the tangent space $\tangentspace{v}$, as in Eq.~\eqref{eq:stiefel_gradient} and~\eqref{eq:grassmann_gradient}.
The total gradient $G$ of the whole parameter space is $G = (G_{u_1}, G_{w_1}, G_{u_2}, \dots) \in \bigtimes_v \tangentspace{v}$.
As mentioned above, the inner product between two tangents $X, Y \in \bigtimes_v \tangentspace{v}$ is $\sum_v g_v(X_v, Y_v)$, where $g$ is the Euclidean metric.
However, each $X_v$ is associated with a state in the physical Hilbert space, schematically denoted as $\frac{\partial \ket{\text{MERA}}}{\partial v} X_v$, and we would like to implement a preconditioning that would equate to using instead a metric arising from the physical inner product, namely
\begin{equation}%
\label{eq:mera_full_inner_product}
\sum_{v, v' \in \{u_1, w_1, \dots\}} X_v^{\dagger} \frac{\partial^2 \braket{\text{MERA}}{\text{MERA}}}{\partial v^{\dagger} \partial v'} Y_{v'}
\end{equation}
The cross-terms in this sum are quite expensive to compute, so we settle instead for the diagonal version
\begin{equation}%
\label{eq:mera_diagonal_inner_product}
\sum_{v \in \{u_1, w_1, \dots\}} X_v^{\dagger} \frac{\partial^2 \braket{\text{MERA}}{\text{MERA}}}{\partial v^{\dagger} \partial v} Y_{v}
\;\, = \sum_{v \in \{u_1, w_1, \dots\}} \Tr[X_v^{\dagger} Y_v \rho_v],
\end{equation}
where $\rho_v$ is the reduced density matrix on the top index or indices of $v$.
As discussed at the end of Sec.~\ref{sec:optimization}, preconditioning with this type of metric can be efficiently implemented for both Stiefel and Grassmann tangents.
The regularization parameter $\delta$ used in computing the regularized inverse of $\rho$ (or the equivalent thereof for the Sylvester problem) in the preconditioner can also be allowed to vary.
In particular, using a very small value of $\delta$ can be detrimental to the optimization in the beginning, when we are far from the minimum, and we have found $\delta = \|X_v\|$ to be a good choice.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{mera_results.pdf}
\caption{%
A comparison of convergence in optimising a MERA using the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm (solid green lines) and L-BFGS on Riemannian manifolds (dashed blue lines).
Displayed here are the ground state energy error compared to the exact value (top) and the norm of the gradient (bottom).
The benchmark model in question is the critical Ising model.
In all simulations the MERA is a bond dimension $8$ ternary MERA with two transition layers, with the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry enforced.
For both algorithms three different simulations are shown, corresponding to three different starting points:
One was a MERA initialized with random isometries and identity disentanglers, the two others were MERAs optimized to convergence at a lower bond dimension, $D=3$ and $D=6$, and then expanded to the full bond dimension $D=8$.
This kind of slow ramping up of the bond dimension can be useful for both speed of convergence and for avoiding local minima.
As the energy error plot shows, here, too, some simulations converge to a local minimum instead of the global one.
In all cases the convergence speed of L-BFGS algorithm clearly outperforms the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm.
}%
\label{fig:mera_results}
\end{figure}
To the best of our knowledge, the only algorithm that has systematically been used to minimize $\bra{\text{MERA}}H\ket{\text{MERA}}$ is the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm, described in detail in Ref.~\onlinecite{evenbly_algorithms_2009}.
Fig.~\ref{fig:mera_results} shows benchmark results comparing the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm and an L-BFGS optimization, using the above preconditioning.
The L-BFGS optimization converges significantly faster for all the simulations displayed in the figure.
Note the logarithmic scale of the horizontal axis, which allows to visualize both the initial and final parts of the convergence.
Individual iterations take somewhat longer to run with L-BFGS (though the asymptotic complexity remains the same, $O(D^8)$ for the ternary MERA), typically 1.5--2 times longer in our simulations, but this effect is more than compensated for by the faster rate of convergence~\footnote{%
Note that the speed difference between the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm and gradient methods depends somewhat on the type of MERA\@.
The most costly operations inherent to the gradient methods (retractions, vector transport and applying the preconditioner) scale as $O(D^6)$, whereas the leading-order cost of both algorithms (computing energy and gradients or environments) is $O(D^7)$ for modified binary, $O(D^8)$ for ternary, and $O(D^9)$ for binary MERA\@.
The higher scaling of e.g.\ binary versus ternary MERA is compensated for by ternary MERAs typically needing higher bond dimensions to achieve the same accuracy, which shows as proportionally higher subleading costs.
}.
While our benchmark is the Ising model with a ternary MERA, we find qualitatively similar results for binary MERAs, and for different models such as the XXZ model.
Moreover, we show results for the L-BFGS algorithm as they are slightly better than those of the conjugate gradient method, but the difference is not drastic.
Other small changes, such as treating the isometries as elements of Stiefel manifolds, or using different retractions or the canonical metric, have limited effects on the results.
The use of preconditioning with the Hilbert space inner product, however, is crucial, and thus indicative that further improvements could be made by improving the preconditioner.
Note that MERA optimizations are somewhat prone to getting stuck in local minima, especially at higher bond dimensions, something that affects all optimization methods we have tried.
The strategy of the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm is similar to alternating least-squares algorithms:
At every step a single tensor of the network is updated, while considering the other tensors as independent of it.
The specific update needs to account for the isometry condition and is reviewed in Appendix~\ref{app:ev_steplimit}.
An update like this typically brings down the energy at every step, and the procedure is then iterated over all the different tensors until convergence.
At first this seems entirely different from gradient optimization:
The Evenbly-Vidal algorithm makes discontinuous jumps from one point in the parameter space to another, one tensor at a time, whereas gradient methods perform smooth retractions of all the tensors at once.
However, hidden in the Evenbly-Vidal update is in fact a kind of step size parameter, that is the additive scale of the effective Hamiltonian.
In Appendix~\ref{app:ev_steplimit} we show that there is a particular limit in which the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm reduces to gradient descent preconditioned with the metric from Eq.~\eqref{eq:mera_diagonal_inner_product}.
Although this limit is not necessarily where the algorithm is typically run, this relation to a first-order optimisation method gives some intuition for how a quasi-Newton or conjugate gradient method could outperform it.
\section{Application: MPS}%
\label{sec:mps}
In this section we show how gradient optimization methods on Riemannian manifolds can be applied to optimize a matrix product state (MPS)\@.
The MPS is kept in its left-canonical form, where each tensor is an isometry from its physical index and left virtual index to its right virtual index.
Such an MPS can be depicted as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:mps}
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.4em]{mps.pdf}
\; ,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:mps_isometricity}
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.4em]{mps_isometricity_a_v2.pdf}
\, = \,
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.4em]{mps_isometricity_b_v2.pdf}
\;,
\end{equation}
and red borders denote complex conjugation.
Every injective MPS can be gauge-transformed into this form.
For simplicity's sake we concentrate on the case of an infinite MPS with one-site translation symmetry~\cite{zauner2018variational,vanderstraeten2019tangent}.
Such an MPS is defined by a single isometry.
However, the generalization to a finite MPS or to one with a larger unit cell is straightforward.
We consider the tensor
$\,\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.45em]{mps_tensor.pdf}$
defining the MPS as a point on a Grassmann manifold, since unitary rotations on the right virtual index of each tensor are mere gauge transformations, which can be absorbed in the next tensor without changing the physical state.
The inner product between two tangent tensors, as well as retraction and transport functions are as explained in Sec.~\ref{sec:geometry}, but see also Ref.~\onlinecite{haegeman2014geometry} for further details about the Riemannian geometry of MPS manifolds.
The cost function is the expectation value of a Hamiltonian, which we represent as a matrix product operator (MPO)
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:mpo}
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.85em]{mpo.pdf}
\;\; .
\end{equation}
The partial derivative of the cost function with respect the isometry can be computed as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:mps_derivative}
2 \cdot\; \includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.33em]{mps_derivative.pdf}
\;\; ,
\end{equation}
where $H_l$ and $H_r$ are the left and right energy environments, which can be efficiently be computed as outlined in Refs.~\onlinecite{schollwoeck_densitymatrix_2011,zauner2018variational,vanderstraeten2019tangent}.
The partial derivative can then be projected onto the tangent space of the Grassmann manifold, as in Eq.~\eqref{eq:grassmann_gradient}, to obtain the gradient.
For preconditioning, we want the effective inner product between two tangent vectors for an individual site,
$\,\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.45em]{mps_impurity_a.pdf}$
and
$\,\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.45em]{mps_impurity_b.pdf}$,
to be
\begin{align}
\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} &\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.45em]{mps_inner_a.pdf}
\; = \;
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.45em]{mps_inner_b.pdf}
\; = \;
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.45em]{mps_inner_c.pdf}
\;.
\label{eq:mps_inner}
\end{align}
Here $n$ is the separation between the sites, and the first equation follows from the fact that Grassmann tangent vectors are orthogonal to the Grassmann-points they are at, i.e.\ Eq.~\eqref{eq:grassmann_tangent}.
This is known as the left gauge condition for tangent vectors in the context of MPS~\cite{haegeman2014geometry,vanderstraeten2019tangent}.
The tensor at the very right in Eq.~\eqref{eq:mps_inner} is the dominant right eigenvector of the MPS transfer matrix,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:mps_right_transfermatrix}
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.45em]{mps_with_right_transfermatrix.pdf}
\; = \;
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-1.45em]{mps_right_transfermatrix.pdf}
\;,
\end{align}
and plays the role of $\rho$ from Eq.~\eqref{eq:preconditioner}.
In contrast to the MERA case, this expression corresponds to the exact Hilbert space inner product between tangent vectors, without approximations.
Implementing preconditioning with this inner product requires only implementing the map
\begin{align}
\label{eq:mps_preconditioning}
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.70em]{mps_impurity.pdf}
\; \mapsto \;
\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.70em]{mps_impurity_with_preconditioning.pdf}
\;.
\end{align}
As with MERA, regularising the inverse of the right eigenvector is paramount for performance, especially during the initial iterations of the optimization process.
In the MPS case we use the regularisation $\left(\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.3em]{right_transfermatrix.pdf} + \mathbbm{1} \delta \right)^{-1}$ with $\delta = \left\|\includegraphics[scale=1,raise=-0.5em]{mps_impurity_a.pdf}\right\|^2$.
We would like to note that, with an exact inverse (i.e.\ $\delta = 0$) in Eq.~\eqref{eq:mps_preconditioning}, standard gradient descent in the limit of a small step size $\alpha\to 0$ amounts to imaginary time evolution, implemented using the TDVP~\cite{haegeman2011time}.
This is a consequence of the K\"{a}hler structure of the MPS manifold~\cite{hackl2020geometry,haegeman2014geometry,vanderstraeten2019tangent}.
With the above building blocks, we are ready to use Riemannian gradient methods for a uniform MPS\@.
For benchmarking, we compare against the well-established VUMPS algorithm~\cite{zauner2018variational}.
We are \emph{not} able to consistently outperform VUMPS for all MPS problems, but we are able to do so for some problems.
As an example of a case where gradient optimization performs well, we consider the triangular lattice antiferromagnetic spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg model on a cylinder.
The classical analogue of this model is disordered, but quantum fluctuations restore the order again in the infinite 2d plane.
It is an example of order from disorder and has been studied extensively~\cite{chubukov1992,kojima_quantum_2018,zheng_excitation_2006,chernyshev_spin_2009,mourigal_dynamical_2013}.
Considering the cylinder as a 1D system with longer range couplings (\enquote{coiling} around the cylinder), the Hamiltonian can be written as
\begin{equation}%
H = \sum_i (h_{i,i+1} + h_{i, i+c} + h_{i, i+c+1}), \qquad h_{i,j} = X_i X_j + Y_i Y_j + Z_i Z_j,
\end{equation}
where $X$, $Y$, and $Z$ are the spin operators.
Here $c$ is the width of the cylinder, which we fix to $c=6$ for our benchmark.
The appropriate MPS ansatz for this model is a uniform MPS with $c$-site unit cell.
We also enforce the $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ symmetry of the MPS, since continuous symmetry breaking does not take place for finite $c$.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{mps_results.pdf}
\caption{%
A comparison of convergence in optimising an infinite MPS using VUMPS (solid green lines), conjugate gradient (dashed blue lines), gradient descent (dotted red lines), and the \enquote{switch} method that combines VUMPS and conjugate gradient (dash-dotted purple lines).
The benchmark model in question is a triangular lattice antiferromagnetic spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg model on a cylinder of width $6$.
Results are shown for MPS bond dimensions 1100 (darker colors) and 1900 (lighter colors).
SU(2) symmetry of the tensors is enforced.
VUMPS clearly performs the best at the start of the optimization, but its asymptotic convergence rate is roughly the same as that of gradient descent, whereas conjugate gradient can be seen to converge significantly faster.
A best-of-both-worlds solution is the switch method, which does 30 iterations of VUMPS at the start and then switches over to conjugate gradient.
L-BFGS produces results roughly comparable to those of conjugate gradient, but we do not show them here.
}%
\label{fig:mps_results}
\end{figure}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:mps_results} we show results comparing VUMPS with both gradient descent and conjugate gradient optimizations, with the above preconditioner.
VUMPS does clearly better in the beginning of the optimization, which starts from a randomly initialized MPS\@.
However, its convergence speed after the initial burst is similar to that of gradient descent, whereas conjugate gradient converges at a clearly faster rate.
This is to be expected, as VUMPS was inspired by imaginary time evolution using the TDVP (or thus, Riemannian gradient descent), and should become equivalent to it for small step sizes, i.e.\ when the algorithm is close to convergence.
Note that convergence in Fig.~\ref{fig:mps_results} is shown with respect to number of iterations, not actual running time.
VUMPS iterations, which internally use an iterative eigenvalue solver, take roughly 1.5 times as long as conjugate gradient iterations, thus increasing the gap between the two methods when plotting with respect to running time.
Finally, we have also included results for a method labeled \enquote{switch}, where we use VUMPS for the first few iterations, and then switch over to conjugate gradient, which outperforms both of the individual methods.
As mentioned, the Riemannian optimization methods explained here can be easily applied to a finite MPS as well.
Preliminary benchmarks indicate that for some models, gradient methods can outperform the DMRG algorithm~\cite{white_density_1992}.
The qualitative picture is similar to what we observe with infinite MPS, where variational methods like VUMPS and DMRG are superbly fast at making progress early in the optimization, but if the problem is difficult and a slow convergence sets in, the asymptotic convergence rate of preconditioned conjugate gradient or L-BFGS is often better.
We leave, however, a more detailed study of finite MPS optimization for future work.
\section{Conclusion}%
\label{sec:discussion}
The MERA and MPS results of Secs.~\ref{sec:mera} and~\ref{sec:mps} illustrate that Riemannian gradient-based optimization can be a competitive method for optimising tensor network ansätze.
Partial derivatives of the energy with respect to a given tensor give rise to tensor network diagrams that also appear in current algorithms such as the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm for MERA and the VUMPS algorithm for infinite MPS\@.
Implementing these methods is thus only a matter of computing an actual update direction from the computed gradient using the recipe of the chosen method (gradient descent, conjugate gradient or L-BFGS quasi-Newton), and replacing the update step with a retraction.
Vector transport is subsequently used to bring data from the previous iteration(s), such as former gradients, to the tangent spaces at the current iterate.
This approach is fully compatible with exploiting the sparse structure of tensors arising from symmetries, such as $\mathbb{Z}_2$, $\mathsf{U}_1$ or even non-abelian symmetries such as $\mathsf{SU}_2$.
The isometry condition defines how the tensor should be interpreted as a linear map, so that, when using symmetric tensors, they take a block diagonal form in a basis of fused representations, according to Schur's lemma.
The isometry condition itself, the projection onto the tangent space, the retraction, and the vector transport then all apply at the level of those individual diagonal blocks, and can easily be implemented as such.
Indeed, as mentioned, $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry was used in the MERA results and $\mathsf{SU}_2$ symmetry in the MPS results presented above.
We have demonstrated the usefulness of gradient optimization for MPS and MERA, but there are other tensor network methods that also involve isometric tensors.
Notable cases we have not discussed are tree tensor networks, i.e.\ MERA without the disentanglers, and the tensor network renormalization algorithm~\cite{evenbly_tnr_2015} (TNR), which is closely related to MERA, and for which the usual optimization method is a variant of the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm.
We expect that in both these cases gradient methods could provide similar advantages as they do for MERA\@.
While we focused here on the application of Riemannian gradient-based optimization methods for tensor networks with isometry constraints, even their Euclidean counterparts have not received a great deal of attention as an alternative to the standard recipe of optimizing individual tensors in an alternating sequence using only local information (i.e.\ from the current iteration, not relying on the history of previous iterations).
While the latter can be expected to work extremely well when correlations are relatively short-ranged, there is no particular reason that gradient-based methods which optimize all tensors simultaneously could not replicate this behaviour in this regime, when provided with a suitable preconditioner.
However, gradient-based methods, in particular those that use a history of previous iterations, such as conjugate gradient and quasi-Newton algorithms, have the potential to also work in the regime with long-range and critical correlations.
These conditions typically imply very small eigenvalues in the Hessian, which is detrimental for methods that only use first order information of the current iterate.
A specific example includes situations of low particle density, for which specific multigrid algorithms have been explored~\cite{dolfi2012multigrid}.
It would be interesting to see if gradient-based algorithms would alleviate the problems that plague DMRG in this regime.
Related to this is the case of continuous MPS~\cite{verstraete2010continuous}, where the state is not even a linear or homogeneous function of the matrices containing the variational parameters and DMRG- or VUMPS-like algorithms are unavailable.
In those cases, gradient-based methods are the only alternative~\cite{ganahl2017continuous,tuybens2020variational}.
For all of these applications, a well-considered preconditioner is of paramount importance.
A suitably preconditioned gradient descent can easily outperform a conjugate gradient or quasi-Newton algorithm with ill-chosen parameterization.
In the case of MPS-specific methods such as DMRG or VUMPS, this is implicit in using what is known as the center-gauge.
For gradient methods, the same effect is accomplished by using the reduced density matrix which appears in the physical inner product of these tangent vectors in Hilbert space.
However, it is conceivable that there is plenty of room for improvement by using information of the actual Hamiltonian in constructing a preconditioner, i.e.\ by using its matrix elements with respect to the tangent vectors rather than those of the identity operator.
While the full Hessian needed for Newton's algorithm can be computed for the case of MPS~\cite{haegeman2013post}, this comes with a large cost and would likely be inefficient.
A single application of the Hessian to a given tangent vector requires to solve several non-hermitian linear problems with iterative solvers (e.g.\ the generalized minimal residual algorithm), in order to obtain cubic scaling in the bond dimension.
Hence, Newton's method would amount to three nested levels of iterative algorithms.
A local positive definite approximation of the Hessian which can be applied to a given vector efficiently and directly can be constructed, by (i) ignoring contributions from taking both partial derivatives in the ket or in the bra (somewhat similar to the Gauss-Newton or Levenberg–Marquardt algorithms), as well as (ii) discarding non-local contributions similar to how we ignored off-diagonal contributions in the inner product of MERA tangent vectors.
Such a preconditioner would still need an iterative solver (e.g.\ linear conjugate gradient) to be applied efficiently, but the improvement over the metric or preconditoner constructed here might be sufficiently significant to overcome this overhead.
Indeed, such a scheme is similar in spirit to truncated Newton algorithms~\cite{nash2000survey}, for which dedicated implementations of the inner conjugate gradient method exist, which detect the absence of positive definiteness and produce valid descent directions at every step.
A related strategy might be to directly use the solution of the local problem from DMRG, VUMPS or the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm as some kind of nonlinear preconditioner, as outlined in Ref.~\onlinecite{desterck_nonlinearly_2018}.
These ideas will be explored in a forthcoming paper.
As a final remark, we would like to point out that the techniques explored in this manuscript are relevant beyond the case of tensor network representations of ground states of many body systems.
Various tasks in quantum computation also rely on the classical optimization of the gates in a unitary circuit as a precursory step, and this particular classical task can likewise benefit from the Riemannian optimization methods on which we have reported.
\emph{Note:}
Near completion of this work, the preprint \enquote{Riemannian optimization and automatic differentiation for complex quantum architectures} by Luchnikov, Krechetov, and Filippov~\cite{luchnikov_riemannian_2020} appeared on the arXiv, which also proposes the use Riemannian optimization techniques for applications involving isometric tensor networks, quantum control and state tomography.
In particular, they also consider Stiefel manifolds to perform gradient optimization on a (finite) MERA, although with different gradient-based algorithms inspired by machine learning.
They do not consider the use of preconditioners nor applications to MPS, so that the two articles complement each other and pave the way for a bright future for Riemannian gradient-based optimization of tensor networks.
\section*{Acknowledgements}
We thank Glen Evenbly, Andrew Hallam, Laurens Vanderstraeten, and Frank Verstraete for useful discussions.
We also thank Miles Stoudenmire and an anonymous referee for helpful feedback.
\paragraph{Funding information}
This work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreements No 715861 (ERQUAF) and 647905 (QUTE)), and from Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) via grant GOE1520N and via a postdoctoral fellowship of MH\@.
\begin{appendix}
\section{Evenbly-Vidal algorithm and its relation to gradient descent}%
\label{app:ev_steplimit}
This appendix summarizes the local update in the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm, illustrates the implicit notion of a step size it contains, and relates it to a preconditioned gradient descent in the limit of small step size.
For a Hamiltonian $H$ the MERA cost function is
\begin{equation}
C(W) = \bra{\text{MERA}(W)} H \ket{\text{MERA}(W)},
\end{equation}
where we have chosen to focus on a single isometry or disentangler $W$ only.
Note that no normalization is necessary, as the state is properly normalized due to the isometry conditions on the tensors.
Because $C$ is a homogeneous function of $W$, $C(W) \propto \Tr[W^{\dagger} D]$, where $D = 2 \partial_{W^\ast} C$ is the partial derivative that we used in the gradient optimization as well, also called the \emph{environment} of $W$.
Given this linear approximation of the cost function, where we assume $D$ to be independent of $W$ (which it in reality is not), the choice of $W$ that extremises it is $W = \pm Q$, where $D = QP$ is the polar decomposition, or as the original paper~\cite{evenbly_algorithms_2009} expresses this, $Q = UV^{\dagger}$ where $D = U S V^{\dagger}$ is the singular value decomposition.
While the sign of $W$ matters for the linearized cost function, it does not for $C$, as $C$ contains only even powers of $W$.
Although the assumption of $D$ being independent of $W$ is clearly false, the update that sets $W = Q$ still works as an iterative step, that in most situations increases $\|C\|$.
This step can then be repeated, and performed in turn for each of the different tensors that make up the MERA, to converge to a local maximum of $\| C \|$.
This algorithm has fixed points where $D = W P$, i.e.\ when $W$ equals the polar factor of $D$.
In that case, it can easily be verified that the gradient $G$ associated to $D$ by orthogonal projection onto the Stiefel tangent space vanishes, which confirms the necessary condition that this scheme converges to local extrema.
However, in order to ensure that maximizing $\| C \|$ amounts to minimizing $C$, the Hamiltonian is redefined as $H_\gamma = H - \gamma \mathbbm{1}$, with $\gamma$ sufficiently large, e.g.\ so as to make $H_\gamma$ negative definite.
In that case, the ground state approximation is indeed the state that maximizes $\| C \|$.
Although $\gamma$ was introduced to shift $H$ by a constant to make it sufficiently negative, it turns out to play the role of an inverse step size.
To see this, first note that
\begin{equation}
C_\gamma \, = \, \bra{\text{MERA}(W)} H_\gamma \ket{\text{MERA}(W)}
\, = \, C - \gamma \Tr[W^{\dagger} W \rho],
\end{equation}
where $\rho$ is the reduced density matrix at the top index or indices of $W$.
Consequently, $D_\gamma = D - \gamma W \rho$.
Now decompose $D$ as $D = W (A + S) + W_\perp B$, where $A$ and $S$ are the skew-hermitian and hermitian parts of $W^{\dagger} D$, and thus
\begin{equation}
D_\gamma \, = \, W(A + S - \gamma \rho) + W_\perp B
\, = \, W(S - \gamma \rho) + G.
\end{equation}
Here $G = W A + W_\perp B$ is the gradient, obtained by projecting $D$ onto the Stiefel tangent space at base point $W$.
As expected, the term in the Hamiltonian $H_\gamma$ that is proportional to the identity operator does not contribute to the Stiefel gradient.
At convergence, $A$ and $B$ will be zero and the role of $\gamma$ is clearly to shift the eigenvalues of $S$ so as to have a fixed sign.
Now consider a small but non-zero $G$, i.e.\ when the algorithm is close to convergence, and treat it as a perturbation to $W(S - \gamma \rho)$.
To see how the Evenbly-Vidal update behaves in this case, we need to understand perturbation theory of the polar decomposition.
If $X = QP$ is the polar decomposition of some arbitrary matrix $X$, and we perturb it as $X + \,\mathrm{d} X$, then an exercise that we omit here shows that
\begin{align}%
\label{eq:polar_perturbation}
X + \,\mathrm{d} X = (Q + \,\mathrm{d} Q) (P + \,\mathrm{d} P)
\end{align}
where $\,\mathrm{d} P$ is some hermitian matrix we do not care about, and
\begin{align}%
\label{eq:polar_perturbation_dQ}
&\,\mathrm{d} Q = Q A_X + Q_\perp B_X\\%
\text{where}\quad & A_X P + P A_X = Q^{\dagger} \,\mathrm{d} X - \,\mathrm{d} X^{\dagger} Q\\%
\text{and}\quad & B_X = Q_\perp^{\dagger} \,\mathrm{d} X P^{-1}.
\end{align}
Matching this up with our case,
\begin{align}%
\label{eq:polar_perturbation_ev}
& D_\gamma = \underbrace{W}_{=Q} \underbrace{(S - \gamma \rho)}_{=P} + \underbrace{W A + W_\perp B}_{= \,\mathrm{d} X},
\end{align}
we obtain
\begin{align}%
& \,\mathrm{d} Q = \,\mathrm{d} W = WA_X + W_\perp B_X\\%
\text{where}\quad & A_X (S - \gamma \rho) + (S - \gamma \rho) A_X = 2 A\\%
\text{and}\quad & B_X = B (S - \gamma \rho)^{-1}.
\end{align}
If we assume that $\gamma$ is sufficiently large so that $S$ is negligible compared to it, this becomes
\begin{align}%
& \,\mathrm{d} W = -\frac{1}{\gamma} (W \tilde{A}_X + W_\perp \tilde{B}_X)\\%
\text{where}\quad & \tilde{A}_X \rho + \rho \tilde{A}_X = 2 A\\%
\text{and}\quad & \tilde{B}_X = B \rho^{-1}.
\end{align}
Comparing this with Eqs.~\eqref{eq:preconditioner_solution} and~\eqref{eq:mera_diagonal_inner_product}, we can identify this with $\,\mathrm{d} W = -\frac{1}{\gamma}\tilde{G}$, where $\gamma^{-1}$ thus plays the role of a step size in the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm, and $\tilde{G}$ is the gradient preconditioned with the same metric that was used in our gradient optimization in Sec.~\ref{sec:mera}.
Indeed, this observation further motivates our specific choice of preconditioner.
Note that in practice, the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm might not satisfy the assumption of large $\gamma$.
The analysis above remains valid up to the final assumption, and might thus give an indication of a better preconditioner for MERA optimization that includes information from the Hamiltonian, yet can still be implemented efficiently.
Instead of $\rho$, we could use $\rho - \gamma^{-1} S$, with $S$ the symmetric part of the $W^{\dagger} D$ and $\gamma$ chosen sufficiently big to ensure positive definiteness.
We leave this proposal for future work.
\section{Efficient computation with the scale invariant layer of a MERA}%
\label{app:mera_scale_invariant_layer}
In the optimization of an infinite MERA, the scale invariant layers at the top need to be treated somewhat differently from the rest.
To discuss this, we first need to lay down some notation.
We denote the local Hamiltonian term ascended to the lowest scale invariant layer by $h$.
We often think of $h$ not as an operator $V \to V$, but as a vector in $V \otimes \bar{V}$, and denote this vector $\bra{h}$.
Similarly, we denote the local scale invariant density matrix $\rho$, and its vectorized version by $\ket{\rho}$.
Finally, we call $A$ the ascending superoperator, thought of as a linear operator $V \otimes \bar{V} \to V \otimes \bar{V}$.
Right-multiplying a vector like $\bra{h}$ by $A$ corresponds to raising it by a layer, and left-multiplying a vector like $\ket{\rho}$ by $A$ corresponds to lowering it by a layer.
There are two problems that need to be solved for $A$ at every iteration of the optimization.
First, to find $\ket{\rho}$, we must solve the eigenvalue equation $A \ket{\rho} = \ket{\rho}$.
Second, when computing the gradient, we need to take the partial derivative $\partial_v \Tr[h \rho] = \partial_v \braket{h}{\rho}$, where $v$ is either the disentangler or the isometry of the scale invariant layer.
Expanding the dependence of $\ket{\rho}$, through $A$, on $v$, one finds
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:scale_invariant_partial}
\partial_v \braket{h}{\rho} = \sum_{i=0}^\infty \bra{h} A^i (\partial_v A) \ket{\rho}.
\end{equation}
To evaluate this we need to find the value of the series $\sum_{i=0}^\infty \bra{h} A^i$.
At face-value this diverges if $\bra{h}$ has overlap with $\bra{\mathbbm{1}}$ (the vectorized version of the identity matrix), since $\bra{\mathbbm{1}} A = \bra{\mathbbm{1}}$.
However, it turns out that any contributions to the partial derivative that are of the form $\bra{\mathbbm{1}}(\partial_v A)\ket{\rho}$ are orthogonal to the Grassmann/Stiefel tangent plane and thus projected out, because they correspond to shifting the cost function by a constant.
Hence we can define $A' = A - \ket{\rho}\bra{\mathbbm{1}}$ and replace the above series by $\sum_{i=0}^\infty \bra{h} A'^i$, which converges like a geometric series, since all eigenvalues of $A'$ are smaller than $1$ in modulus.
Indeed, this can similarly be understood as regular perturbation theory for the eigenvector $\rho$ of the (non-hermitian) operator $A$, whose eigenvalue $1$ does not change under the perturbation.
All of the above is well-known from the original MERA papers~\cite{vidal_class_2008,evenbly_algorithms_2009}, and comes down to solving two relatively simple linear algebra problems.
The reason this is worth mentioning, is that multiplication by $A$ is the leading order cost of the whole MERA optimization, and thus as few such operations should be done as possible.
With the traditional Evenbly-Vidal optimization, approximations have often been used, such as approximating $\bra{h}$ at iteration $i$ as $\bra{h_i} = \bra{h_{i-1}} + \bra{h_{i-1}} A'$, to save computation time~\cite{evenbly_quantum_2011}.
With gradient algorithms like the ones presented here, these kinds of approximations may not be feasible, since the gradient needs to be computed to good accuracy at every step to be able to perform a line search.
We have found, however, that using Krylov subspace methods for the eigenvalue problem $A \ket{\rho} = \ket{\rho}$ and the linear problem of solving $\bra{h}\sum_{i=0}^\infty A'^i$ from $(\bra{h} \sum_{i=0}^\infty A'^i) (\mathbbm{1} - A) = \bra{h}$, with a small Krylov space dimension (e.g.\ $4$) and the solution from the previous iteration as the initial guess, leads to accurate results usually with very few applications of $A$.
This helps make the MERA gradient optimization methods competitive with the Evenbly-Vidal algorithm.
\end{appendix}
| {
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Local newsLatest Politics News
Opinion: Atiku and the Cameroon journey by Yusuf Shehu
9 months ago 30351 views by Nnenna Ibeh
Editor's note: Yusuf Shehu, a lecturer of political science based in Manchester, United Kingdom writes on the recent report that the presidential candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Atiku Abubakar in the just concluded election is not a Nigerian.
Shehu also opined that former president Olusegun Obasanjo's 'My Watch' collaborates reports on the paternity of the PDP presidential candidate.
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Legit.ng.
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A lot has been said in recent times as regards Atiku Abubakar, the presidential candidate of the People's Democratic Party in the just concluded presidential elections. From what we know, he is supposedly from Jada town in Jada local government area of Adamawa state.
It has also been stated that he is the only child of his parents after his only sister died at infancy. According to him, his father was a Fulani trader and farmer, and his mother was the second wife of his father. So it can be assumed that he probably had step brothers and sisters. Where are they? Nigerians have not heard or seen any of them.
There is a curious twist to the Atiku Abubakar story, so much so that one is tempted to ask questions about his sincerity of heart and purpose as regards his nationality. Is he a Nigerian or a Cameroonian?
This debate has raged on for a while, and from all that has been stated, it is most likely that case that Atiku Abubakar is not a Nigerian after all.
There are various reasons as to why I have come to this conclusion. For a start, I will use the Nnamdi Kanu narrative.
Atiku Abubakar is from Jada town in the Adamawa State of Nigeria. According to history, Jada used to be in Ganye Local Government Area in Adamawa.
Ganye is regarded as the mother of the whole Chamba tribe. First suspicion. Atiku Abubakar has stated in numerous forums that his father Garba Abubakar was a Fulani trader and farmer.
However, Jada is regarded as the mother of the whole Chamba tribe. The Chamba people are an African ethnic group found in northeast Nigeria and neighbouring parts of north Cameroon.
The Chamba people were one of the targets of Fulani jihads in the 18th and 19th century. They were enslaved, and many migrated souths into the mountains.
They retaliated becoming raiding bands who attacked slave and trading caravans. So there is a question mark on the posturing by Atiku Abubakar that his father was Fulani. I ask, what was a Fulani man supposedly doing in the bosom of Chamba people?
Atiku Abubakar's father was never a Fulani man; he was from one of the mountains in Cameroon and a trader who came to Ganye for trading en route Kano. The historical account states that it was on one of those trade trips that he met Atiku Abubakar's mother, Aisha Kande. The consequence of their meeting resulted in Atiku Abubakar even without the knowledge of his father.
READ ALSO: Nigerians react as APC claims Atiku is not a Nigerian
It was also said after a while Atiku Abubakar's father suffered some business misfortunes and consequently stopped coming to Ganye. And that made it impossible for Aisha Kande to intimate him of the birth of his son.
Going by this narrative, Atiku Abubakar grew up knowing only his mother and that was why he has always pushed the narrative that he was the only child of his parents and how they tried unsuccessfully for other children.
The interesting thing about the Atiku Abubakar story is that it has various versions. Atiku has told of two versions; his official Wikipedia page also has another version of who Atiku Abubakar is.
Consequently, one begins to wonder if ever it would be possible for Atiku Abubakar to be without siblings (step brothers/sisters) cousins, and other extended relatives. In my opinion, there is more to the mystery surrounding Atiku Abubakar.
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I stand to be corrected; if indeed he is from Nigeria, there would be no way the nation would not have known or seen one or two relatives. But in the case of Atiku Abubakar, it has been just him and his mother. And he took the craft to another level by also stating that his mother's only sister was also childless.
Hear him: "After my father's death, the task of raising me fell on my mother, Kande, and her childless sister, Azumi, as well as my father's extended family members in Kojoli."
Again, this statement is suspect because Atiku Abubakar in his years in government has never carried out a single charitable project in Ganye or Kojoli, yet he claims he is from that region. Those conversant with the Kojoli narrative have severally questioned its correctness.
Those from Kojoli would readily tell you that Atiku Abubakar's father has no roots in Kojoli. As a fact, he Atiku Abubakar himself does not know him or what he looks like.
Former president Olusegun Obasanjo corroborated this much in his book My Watch.
He said of Atiku Abubakar "What I did not know, which came out glaringly later, was his parental background which was somewhat shadowy, his propensity to corruption, his tendency to disloyalty, his inability to say and stick to the truth all the time, a propensity for poor judgment, his belief and reliance on marabouts , his lack of transparency, his trust in money to buy his way out on all issues and his readiness to sacrifice morality, integrity, propriety truth and national interest for self and selfish interest."
READ ALSO: Effort ongoing to secure release of Leah Sharibu, Chibok girls - Presidency
These are indeed strong words to use on any individual. But with such statement coming from former President Olusegun Obasanjo, especially on his parental background leaves more to be imagined. This also lends credence to the fact that indeed there is something about the nationality of Atiku Abubakar.
I would conclude that there may be more to the unveiling of Atiku Abubakar in the weeks and months ahead.
But one thing I have been able to establish is the fact that not only is Atiku Abubakar not a Nigerian, he sees Nigeria only as a source of revenue to be able to finance his profligate lifestyle in Dubai.
What Nigerians might not also know is that if indeed Atiku Abubakar is a Nigerian, there would have been in the least traces of his paternal relatives.
But in this instance, he has been all alone because his relatives and siblings are scattered across the Anglophone part of Cameroon. But for how long are we going to be fooled by Atiku Abubakar?
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2019 Election: Atiku heads to court to contest election result, can he win? | Legit TV
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Excitement as President Buhari buys vehicles from Innoson motors (photos) | {
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\section{Introduction}
Recently, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration processed images of the supermassive black hole (BH) Sgr A* at the center of the galaxy \cite{SgrA_1_2022,SgrA_2_2022,SgrA_3_2022,SgrA_4_2022,SgrA_5_2022,SgrA_6_2022}. Similar to the images of M87* \cite{M87_1_2019,M87_2_2019,M87_3_2019,M87_4_2019,M87_5_2019,M87_6_2019}, these images are relatively dark in the middle and have a bright ring. The central dark region is known as the shadow of the BH, and the bright ring corresponds to the photon sphere \cite{Shoom:2017ril}. The black hole's gravity bends the trajectories of photons emitted by a distant light source behind the black hole, forming a shadow and photon sphere. Modern astrophysical observations suggest that the emissions from BHs are mainly disk-like accretions \cite{Remillard:2006fc,Yuan:2014gma}. The times of photons intersecting with the accretion disk plays an important role in the optical appearances of shadows. The photon ring consists of light rays that intersect the accretion disk three or more times \cite{Gralla:2019xty}.
The observation of BH shadows is considered to be an important way to detect BHs directly, which can enhance our understanding of their properties \cite{PRD_Tsupko_2017,ApJ_Kumar_2020,AAS_Broderick_2022}. Furthermore, the structures of shadows can be used to examine strong gravitational fields and general relativity \cite{NatAstron_Mizuno_2018}. As a result, analyzing the images of BH shadows and photon spheres has become one of the important research topics. Schwarzschild BH's shadow was first studied in \cite{MNRAS_Synge_1966}. Sooner, Bardeen et al. studied Kerr BH's shadow \cite{Astrophys_Bardeen_1972}. Through analytical calculation, the first figures of BH shadow with a rotating accretion disk are proposed in \cite{Astronomy_Luminet_1979}. In some modified gravity theories, the shadows of rotating BHs were also investigated \cite{Dastan:2016vhb,Long:2020wqj}. The research on BH shadows has been expanded to many aspects in recent years \cite{Qiao:2022jlu,Chakhchi:2022fls,Lin:2022ksb,Belhaj:2022kek,Sun:2022wya,Guo:2021bhr,Zhong:2021mty,Cunha:2016wzk,CPC_He_2022,Gan:2021xdl,Shaikh:2021yux,Heydari-Fard:2022jdu,Bambi:2019tjh,Vagnozzi:2019apd,Vagnozzi:2020quf,Roy:2021uye,Chen:2022nbb,Vagnozzi:2022moj}.
There are some pieces of evidence suggesting that magnetic fields may exist near BHs. After two years of in-depth research and data processing, the EHT Collaboration unveiled the shadow of M87* with polarized light \cite{M87_7_2021,M87_8_2021}. The image clearly showed that the shadow of the BH is affected by magnetic fields, implying there probably exists a strong magnetic field surrounding the BH. Just recently, the motion of the hot spot orbiting Sgr A* is predicted to be relevant to the magnetic fields surrounding the BH \cite{Wielgus:2022heh}.
To eliminate the singularity of point-like charge in Maxwell electrodynamics, Born and Infeld proposed the BI electrodynamics \cite{Nature_BI_1933}, which was inspired by special relativity and modified the Lagrangian of electromagnetic fields. In addition to BI electrodynamics, many other theories have been proposed to modify Maxwell electrodynamics to avoid singularity \cite{PRB_Kruglov_2012,PRD_Kruglov_2007,IJGMMP_Kruglov_2015}. These Maxwell's theory extensions are usually known as nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED). Among NLEDs, BI is distinguished for it is the only one that ensures no birefringence \cite{AIP_Kerner_2001}. Surprisingly, BI Lagrangian can be exactly derived from low energy string theory \cite{PLB_Fradkin_1985}. In addition, BI has been studied as coupling with general relativity \cite{PR_Hoffmann_1935}. In recent years, Einstein-Born-Infeld gravity has been studied in various papers \cite{Babar:2021nst,Wang:2020ohb,Jafarzade:2020ova,Ali:2022zox,Yang:2021bhv,Zhang:2021kha,Falciano:2021kdu,Hendi:2018cfr,Mazharimousavi:2014vza,Dehghani:2019noj,Jing:2020sdf,Gan:2019jac,Liang:2019dni,Tao:2017fsy,Bi:2020vcg}. Magnetically charged BHs, and their properties, have been discussed theoretically \cite{Lee_PRL_1992,Lee_PRD_1992,Lee_PRL_1994}. Considering two NLED models and comparing the shadows of these models to the observation of M87*, an upper bound on the magnetic charge of BHs was given \cite{Allahyari:2019jqz}. The potential astrophysical signatures of magnetically charged BHs are also studied \cite{Ghosh:2020tdu}. According to \cite{BenavidesGallego:2018odl}, the magnetic charge strongly affects the outer horizons and the ergospheres of rotating BHs, but the photon circular orbits are not explicitly depended on magnetic charge. Furthermore, the effects of strong magnetic fields on shadows are examined \cite{PRD_Haroldo_2021}. Theoretically, photons move along the null geodesics of the spacetime governed by the BH. Being affected by NLED, photons move along the null geodesics of the effective metric rather than that of the background metric \cite{IJMPD_Bergliaffa_2004}.
This paper investigates the observational appearances of magnetically charged BI BH. The shadows and photon spheres of BHs are derived using the backward ray tracing method \cite{Astronomy_Luminet_1979}. Additionally, we investigate the impact of the accretion's dynamics and shapes on the shadows. This paper is organized as follows. In section \ref{geo}, we investigate the metric and the trajectories of photons deflected by a magnetically charged BI BH. Additionally, we discuss the range of the magnetic charge and the BI parameter. Section \ref{spheric} studies the shadows and photon spheres with spherical accretion. In section \ref{ring}, the shadows produced by thin accretion disks are investigated. In section \ref{concl}, we discuss and conclude our works.
\section{Geodesics\label{geo}}
\subsection{The metric}
In this section, we derive the metric of BI BHs with magnetic charge in static spherically symmetric spacetime. The Einstein-Born-Infeld action is defined as follows \cite{PRD_Cai_2004}
\begin{align}
\mathcal{S}=\int\sqrt{-g}\left[ R+\mathcal{L}(F) \right]{\rm{d}}^{4}x,
\end{align}
where $R$ is the Ricci scalar, $F=F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}$. The BI Lagrangian $\mathcal{L}(F)$ takes the form as
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}(F)=4\beta^{2}\left( 1-\sqrt{1+\frac{F}{2\beta^{2}}} \right),
\label{LF}
\end{align}
where $\beta$ is called BI parameter with the dimension of mass. When $\beta\to\infty$, $\mathcal{L}(F)$ degenerates into the standard electromagnetic form.
In this paper, we consider static and spherically symmetric spacetime. The general form of metric is \cite{EPJC_He_2022}
\begin{align}
{\rm{d}}s^{2}=-f(r){\rm{d}}t^{2}+\frac{1}{f(r)}{\rm{d}}r^{2}+r^{2}({\rm{d}}\theta^{2}+\sin^{2}\theta{\rm{d}}\phi^{2}),
\label{ds^2_raw}
\end{align}
and the electromagnetic tensor generated by magnetically charged BH takes the form as
\begin{align}
F_{\theta\phi}=-F_{\phi\theta}=P\sin\theta,
\label{EMfield}
\end{align}
where $P$ is a parameter representing the magnetic charge.
The metric function $f(r)$ for magnetically charged BI BHs is given in \cite{EPJC_He_2022}
\begin{align}
f(r)=1-\frac{2M}{r}+\frac{2\beta^{2}r^{2}}{3}-\frac{2\beta^{2}r^{2}}{3}{_{2}F_{1}}\left(-\frac{3}{4},-\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{4};-\frac{P^{2}}{r^{4}\beta^{2}}\right),
\end{align}
where $M$ is the mass of the BH, and $_{2}F_{1}$ is the hypergeometrical function. When $\beta\to\infty$, $f(r)$ degenerates into the form of magnetically charged Reissner-Nordström (RN) BH.
\begin{align}
f(r)\overset{\text{expand at }\beta=\infty}{=\!=\!=\!=\!=\!=\!=\!=\!=}1-\frac{2M}{r}+\frac{P^{2}}{r^{2}}+O\left(\frac{1}{\beta}\right)^{2}.
\end{align}
In addition, the equation $f(r)=0$ has two roots. The larger one $r_{\text{h}}$ represents the radius of the event horizon. Since it is not easy to obtain analytical solutions of $r_{\text{h}}$, its numerical solutions of different $\beta$ are listed in Table \ref{NumSol_changeBeta}. Setting the minimum of $f(r)$ to zero will yield the critical value of $P$ with respect to different $\beta$, as Fig. \ref{lgbeta_lgP} and Table \ref{NumSol_Pcrit} show.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=9cm]{lgbeta_lgP_crit.pdf}
\caption{Region plot in $\lg\beta-\lg P$ space for magnetically charged BI BH with fixed $M=1$. Black holes can only exist in the light yellow area. The critical value of the magnetic charge $P$ increases with the decrease of $\beta$. The black dashed line ($P=1$) represents extreme RN BHs. To display a wider plot range, we use logarithmic coordinates.}
\label{lgbeta_lgP}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}[!htbp]
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{5mm}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[b]{c|cccccc}
\midrule[2pt]
$\beta$ & $0.05$ & $0.1$ & $0.15$ & $0.2$ & $0.3$ & $\infty$ \\
\toprule[1pt]
$P_{\text{crit}}$ & 2.35678 & 1.87057 & 1.63410 & 1.48467 & 1.29698 & 1.00000 \\
\midrule[2pt]
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\centering
\caption{Data of critical value of magnetic charge $P_{\text{crit}}$ for respect to different $\beta$ with fixed $M=1$. The critical value of magnetic charge decreases as BI effect weakens until $\beta=\infty$, when $P_{\text{crit}}$ becomes the same as magnetically charged RN BH.}
\label{NumSol_Pcrit}
\end{table}
\subsection{The innermost stationary circular orbit\label{isco}}
Next, we derive the innermost stationary circular orbit (ISCO) for massive particles. The Lagrangian of a particle with unit mass, $\mathcal{L}_{m}$, has the form as
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}_{m}=\frac{1}{2}g_{\mu\nu}\dot{x}^{\mu}\dot{x}^{\nu},
\label{Lagrangian_massive}
\end{align}
where the dot on $x^{\mu}$ represents the derivative with respect to the proper time $\tau$. For massive particles, there are two conserved quantities: energy $E_{m}$ and angular momentum $L_{m}$, which are obtained by
\begin{align}
E_{m}=-\frac{\partial {\mathcal{L}}_{m}}{\partial \dot{t}}=f(r)\dot{t},\qquad L_{m}=\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}_{m}}{\partial \dot{\phi}}=r^{2}\dot{\phi}.
\label{conservations}
\end{align}
Substituting Eq. (\ref{conservations}) into Eq. (\ref{Lagrangian_massive}), noting that $\mathcal{L}_{m}=-1$, we derive the equation of radial motion
\begin{align}
\dot{r}^{2}+\frac{L^2}{r^{2}}f(r)+f(r)=E^{2}.
\label{rdot_massive}
\end{align}
We define the effective potential of massive particles to be
\begin{align}
V_{m}(r)=\frac{L^2}{r^{2}}f(r)+f(r).
\label{eff_potential_massive}
\end{align}
The radius of the ISCO satisfies
\begin{align}
\left.\frac{{\rm{d}}V_{m}}{{\rm{d}}r}\right|_{r=r_{\text{ISCO}}}=0,\qquad \left.\frac{{\rm{d}}^{2}V_{m}}{{\rm{d}}r^{2}}\right|_{r=r_{\text{ISCO}}}>0.
\label{ISCO_conditions}
\end{align}
Solving Eq. (\ref{ISCO_conditions}) numerically, we obtain the radii of the innermost stationary circular orbit $r_{\text{ISCO}}$ for different BI parameters $\beta$ and magnetic charges $P$ in Tables \ref{NumSol_changeBeta} and \ref{NumSol_changeP}.
We calculate the value of $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$ for different parameters $\beta$ and $P$ in Tables \ref{NumSol_changeBeta} and \ref{NumSol_changeP} to compare the spacetime of magnetically charged BI BH to that of Schwarzschild BH, for $r_{\text{ISCO}}=3r_{\text{h}}$ in Schwarzschild spacetime. The non-monotonicity of $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$ shown in Tables \ref{NumSol_changeBeta} and \ref{NumSol_changeP} implies that there is a critical value of $\beta$ that determines at which $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$ switches from negative to positive. Fig. \ref{risco3rh} is the contour plot of $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$ in $\beta$-$P$ space. We choose to start from $\beta=0.05$ rather than $\beta=0$ since numerical instability occurs at $\beta$ close to 0. Changes in $\beta$ and $P$ have contrary impacts on $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$ on each side of the critical values. In the red region, $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$ increases with $P$ and $\beta$. In the blue region, the impact of $P$ on $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$ is opposite to that of $\beta$. In other words, the impact of $P$ is contrary to that of $\beta$ if it is less than the critical value and vice versa. When $P=0$, a magnetically charged BI BH degenerates into a Schwarzschild BH, regardless of the BI effect, as the leftmost bolded line in Fig. \ref{risco3rh} shows.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{risco3rh.pdf}
\caption{Contour plot in $\beta-P$ space with fixed $M=1$. The colors represent the value of $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$, and the contours are the isosurfaces of $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$. On the bolded curve, $r_{\text{ISCO}}=3r_{\text{h}}$. The impact of the magnetic charge $P$ is opposite to the BI parameter $\beta$ below the bolded curve, and vice versa.}
\label{risco3rh}
\end{figure}
\subsection{The trajectories of photons}
Next, we derive the trajectories of photons. The trajectories of photons are null geodesics in the effective metric rather than the background metric due to the effect of BI. The effective metric is \cite{EPJC_He_2022}
\begin{align}
{\rm{d}} s_{\text{eff}}^{2}=k(r)\left[-f(r){\rm{d}} t^{2}+\frac{1}{f(r)}{\rm{d}} r^{2}+h(r)({\rm{d}} \theta^{2}+\sin^{2}\theta {\rm{d}}\phi^{2})\right],
\label{eff_ds^2}
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}
k(r)=\sqrt{1+\frac{P^{2}}{\beta^{2}r^{4}}},\quad h(r)=r^{2}\left(1+\frac{P^{2}}{\beta^{2}r^{4}}\right).
\end{align}
Thus, we can derive the trajectories of photons. The Lagrangian of a photon is
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}=\frac{1}{2}G_{\mu\nu}\dot{x}^{\mu}\dot{x}^{\nu},
\label{Lagrangian}
\end{align}
where $G_{\mu\nu}$ are the covariant components of the effective metric, and the dot on $x^{\mu}$ represents the derivative with respect to the affine parameter $\lambda$. We simply focus on the equatorial plane ($\theta=\pi/2$ and $\dot{\theta}=0$) because the metric is spherically symmetric. Moreover, since the Lagrangian does not explicitly depend on coordinates $t$ and $\phi$, there are two conserved quantities along the geodesics
\begin{align}
E=-\frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial\dot{t}}=k(r)f(r)\dot{t},\qquad L=\frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial\dot{\phi}}=k(r)h(r)\dot{\phi}.
\label{conservations_photons}
\end{align}
For photons $\mathcal{L}=0$, one can derive the following equations representing the motion of photons
\begin{align}
-\frac{E^{2}}{k(r)f(r)}+\frac{k(r)}{f(r)}\dot{r}^{2}+\frac{L^{2}}{k(r)h(r)}=0.
\label{rdot1}
\end{align}
The equations of photons' motion are derived by redefining the affine parameter $\lambda$ into $\lambda/L$ and setting the impact parameter $b=L/E$.
\begin{align}
\dot{t}=\frac{1}{bk(r)f(r)},
\label{tdot2}
\end{align}
\begin{align}
\dot{\phi}=\pm \frac{1}{k(r)h(r)},
\label{phidot2}
\end{align}
\begin{align}
k^{2}(r)\dot{r}^{2}=\frac{1}{b^{2}}-\frac{f(r)}{h(r)},
\label{rdot2}
\end{align}
where $\pm$ in Eq. (\ref{phidot2}) represents the counterclockwise and clockwise motion of the photon respectively. We define the effective potential $V(r)=f(r)/h(r)$. Specially, when $\dot{r}|_{r=r_{\text{ph}}}=0$ and ${\ddot{r}}|_{r=r_{\text{ph}}}=0$, it suggests that the photon can circle the BH for infinite times in an unstable orbit called photon sphere, which indicates
\begin{align}
V(r_{\text{ph}})=\frac{1}{b_{\text{ph}}^{2}},\quad \left.\frac{{\rm{d}}V}{{\rm{d}}r}\right|_{r=r_{\text{ph}}}=0,
\label{eff_potential}
\end{align}
where $r_{\text{ph}}$ is the radius of the photon sphere, $b_{\text{ph}}$ is the corresponding impact parameter. Since it is not easy to derive an analytical expression of $r_{\text{ph}}$ and $b_{\text{ph}}$, we list their numerical solutions in Tables \ref{NumSol_changeBeta} and \ref{NumSol_changeP}.
As Table \ref{NumSol_changeBeta} shows, $r_{\text{h}}$, $r_{\text{ISCO}}$, $r_{\text{ph}}$, and $b_{\text{ph}}$ decrease monotonically when $\beta$ increases. Despite that $r_{\text{ph}}$ drops steeper than $r_{\text{h}}$ as $\beta$ increases, $r_{\text{h}}<r_{\text{ph}}$ is always satisfied because a BI BH degenerates into an RN BH when $\beta\to\infty$.
\begin{table}[htbp]
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{3mm}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[b]{c|cccccc}
\midrule[2pt]
$\beta$ & $0.05$ & $0.1$ & $0.15$ & $0.2$ & $0.3$ & $\infty$ \\
\toprule[1pt]
$r_{\text{h}}$ & 1.88896 & 1.87594 & 1.87134 & 1.86928 & 1.86758 & 1.86603 \\
$r_{\text{ISCO}}$ & 5.62174 & 5.61066 & 5.60845 & 5.60766 & 5.60710 & 5.60664 \\
$(r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}})\times 10^{3}$ & -45.1400 & -17.1501 & -5.57996 & -0.17694 & 4.36839 & 8.56722 \\
$r_{\text{ph}}$ & 4.02971 & 3.52690 & 3.09423 & 3.06541 & 2.94078 & 2.82288 \\
$b_{\text{ph}}$ & 6.57031 & 5.86395 & 5.31786 & 5.27579 & 5.11771 & 4.96791 \\
\midrule[2pt]
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\centering
\caption{Data of $r_{\text{h}}$, $r_{\text{ISCO}}$, $r_{\text{ph}}$, and $b_{\text{ph}}$ for different $\beta$ with fixed $M=1$, $P=0.5$.}
\label{NumSol_changeBeta}
\end{table}
Numerical solutions of different $P$ are listed in Table \ref{NumSol_changeP}. With the increase of $P$, $r_{\text{h}}$, and $r_{\text{ISCO}}$ decrease, while $r_{\text{ph}}$ and $b_{\text{ph}}$ increase monotonically.
\begin{table}[htbp]
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{3mm}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[b]{c|cccccc}
\midrule[2pt]
$P$ & 0.3 & 0.4 & 0.5 & 0.6 & 0.7 & 0.9 \\
\toprule[1pt]
$r_{\text{h}}$ & 1.95519 & 1.92050 & 1.87594 & 1.82139 & 1.75661 & 1.59483 \\
$r_{\text{ISCO}}$ & 5.86321 & 5.75424 & 5.61066 & 5.42955 & 5.20713 & 4.61999 \\
$(r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}})\times 10^{3}$ & -2.37168 & -7.25105 & -17.1501 & -34.6012 & -62.6931 & -164.491 \\
$r_{\text{ph}}$ & 3.23266 & 3.37470 & 3.52690 & 3.68206 & 3.83617 & 4.13392 \\
$b_{\text{ph}}$ & 5.49393 & 5.67308 & 5.86395 & 6.05783 & 6.24991 & 6.61985 \\
\midrule[2pt]
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\centering
\caption{Data of $r_{\text{h}}$, $r_{\text{ISCO}}$, $r_{\text{ph}}$, and $b_{\text{ph}}$ for different $P$ with fixed $M=1$, $\beta=0.1$.}
\label{NumSol_changeP}
\end{table}
The effective potentials with respect to different parameters $\beta$ and $P$ are shown respectively in Figs. \ref{geo_change_beta_V(r)} and \ref{geo_change_P_V(r)}. The trajectories of photons can be derived by combining Eqs. (\ref{phidot2}) and (\ref{rdot2}), yielding
\begin{align}
\frac{{\rm{d}}r}{{\rm{d}}\phi}=\pm \frac{1}{k(r)}\sqrt{\frac{1}{b^{2}}-\frac{f(r)}{h(r)}}\equiv F(r),
\label{geodesics}
\end{align}
where $\pm$ represents the photons moving radial inward and outward respectively. We can obtain the null geodesics by integrating Eq. (\ref{geodesics}). For $b>b_{\text{ph}}$, photons approach the BH before reaching the closest approach $r=r_{0}$, then escape towards infinity. The closest approach $r_{0}$ can be obtained by solving $F(r)=0$. In the backward ray tracing method \cite{Astronomy_Luminet_1979}, $r_{0}$ is significant for determining the photons' trajectories as it can be the lower integral limit. Meanwhile, for $b<b_{\text{ph}}$, photons approach the BH continuously before falling into it.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[$\ V(r)$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{V_P0.6_changebeta.pdf}\label{geo_change_beta_V(r)}}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.05$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{geobeta0.05P0.6.pdf}\label{geo_change_beta_beta=0.05}}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.1$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{geoP0.6beta0.1.pdf}\label{geo_change_beta_beta=0.1}}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.2$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{geobeta0.2P0.6.pdf}\label{geo_change_beta_beta=0.2}}
\end{center}
\caption{The effective potential $V(r)$ for different BI parameter $\beta$ are shown in the top-left panel. The other figures are trajectories of photons for different values of $\beta$ with fixed $P=0.6$ and $M=1$.}
\label{geo_change_beta}
\end{figure}
We set the photons incident from infinity on the x-axis. Firstly, we study the geodesics for fixed $P=0.6$ and $M=1$ as $\beta$ varies. The numerical solutions of $r_{\text{h}}$, $r_{\text{ph}}$, and $b_{\text{ph}}$ are shown in Table \ref{NumSol_changeBeta}. Interestingly, $r_{\text{ph}}$ and $b_{\text{ph}}$ decrease dramatically with the increase of $\beta$ when it is less than 0.2. When $\beta$ increases, $r_{\text{ph}}$ and $b_{\text{ph}}$ slowly decline and gradually converge to the case of RN BH. Therefore, we select $\beta=0.05,\ 0.1,\ 0.2$ to investigate the photons' trajectories in Fig. \ref{geo_change_beta}.
In Figs. \ref{geo_change_beta_beta=0.05}, \ref{geo_change_beta_beta=0.1}, and \ref{geo_change_beta_beta=0.2}, the black disk represents the BH. And the orange and grey trajectories represent photons originating with $b>b_{\text{ph}}$ and $b<b_{\text{ph}}$ respectively. In the case of photons coming from $b=b_{\text{ph}}$, they continually approach the BH and keep rotating around it in an unstable orbit located at $r=r_{\text{ph}}$, i.e., the photon sphere, which is shown by red dashed lines. The BI parameter significantly affects the radius of the photon sphere and the curvature of the geodesics. However, as $\beta$ increases, the decrease in $r_{\text{h}}$ becomes so insignificant that it is scarcely visible in those figures.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[$\ V(r)$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{V_beta0.1_changeP.pdf}\label{geo_change_P_V(r)}}
\subfigure[$\ P=0.3$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{geoP0.3beta0.1.pdf}\label{geo_change_P_P=0.3}}
\subfigure[$\ P=0.6$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{geoP0.6beta0.1.pdf}\label{geo_change_P_P=0.6}}
\subfigure[$\ P=0.9$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{geoP0.9beta0.1.pdf}\label{geo_change_P_P=0.9}}
\end{center}
\caption{The effective potential $V(r)$ for different magnetic charges $P$ are shown in the top-left panel. The other figures are trajectories of photons for different values of $P$ with fixed $\beta=0.1$ and $M=1$.}
\label{geo_change_P}
\end{figure}
Then, we study the influence of magnetic charge on geodesics with fixed $\beta=0.1$ and $M=1$. Using the same method, we list the numerical solutions of $r_{\text{h}}$, $r_{\text{ph}}$, and $b_{\text{ph}}$ in Table \ref{NumSol_changeP}. The geodesics of different magnetic charges are plotted in Fig. \ref{geo_change_P_P=0.3}, \ref{geo_change_P_P=0.6}, and \ref{geo_change_P_P=0.9}. As the BH gets more magnetically charged or the BI effect becomes stronger, the range between the photon spheres and the event horizon extends.
\section{Shadows and photon spheres with spherical accretions\label{spheric}}
\subsection{Stationary spherical accretions\label{static}}
In this subsection, we study the BH shadows of static and spherically symmetric accretions. We employ the backward ray tracing method to study the specific intensity received by a distant observer \cite{Astronomy_Luminet_1979}. The emissivity of photons can be expressed as \cite{CPC_He_2022}
\begin{align}
j(\nu_{\text{e}})\propto\rho(r)P(\nu_{\text{e}}),
\label{j}
\end{align}
where $\rho(r)$ is the density of photons at a given radius $r$, and $P(\nu_{\text{e}})$ is the probability of photons emitting at a given frequency $\nu_{\text{e}}$. For spherical accretions, we assume that the density of photons follows a logarithmic normal distribution \cite{ARXIV_2206.04430}
\begin{align}
\rho(r)=\frac{1}{r}\sqrt{\frac{\gamma}{\pi}}{\rm{e}}^{-\gamma\ln^{2}\frac{r}{r_{\text{m}}}},
\label{rho}
\end{align}
where $\gamma$ is a constant that affects how fast the density of photons decays with respect to the distance from the BH, $r_{\text{m}}$ is the median of the logarithmic normal distribution. Since the photon density reaches the maximum at the photon sphere, we select $r=r_{\text{ph}}$ as the highest value of the probability density of the lognormal distribution. Solving $\left.\frac{{\rm{d}}\rho(r)}{{\rm{d}}r}\right|_{r=r_{\text{ph}}}=0$, one can obtain
\begin{align}
r_{\text{m}}=r_{\text{ph}}{\rm{e}}^{\frac{1}{2\gamma}}.
\label{rph_and_rm}
\end{align}
We introduce a non-monochromatic light source satisfying a normal distribution with central frequency $\nu_{\text{c}}$, which takes the form as
\begin{align}
f(\nu)=\frac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}\exp\left(-\frac{(\nu-\nu_{\text{c}})^{2}}{2\sigma^{2}}\right).
\end{align}
In this paper, we only take the frequency within $\nu_{\text{c}}-\sqrt{2}\sigma<\nu<\nu_{\text{c}}+\sqrt{2}\sigma$ into account and ignore the rest. The probability of a photon whose frequency falls within the aforementioned range is
\begin{align}
P(\nu_{\text{c}})=\int_{\nu_{\text{c}}-\sqrt{2}\sigma}^{\nu_{\text{c}}+\sqrt{2}\sigma}f(\nu){\rm{d}}\nu\approx 0.84270.
\label{probability}
\end{align}
Combining Eqs. (\ref{j}), (\ref{rho}), (\ref{rph_and_rm}), and (\ref{probability}) together, one can derive
\begin{align}
j(\nu_{\text{e}})\propto \frac{1}{r}\sqrt{\frac{\gamma}{\pi}}{\rm{e}}^{-\gamma\ln^{2}\frac{r}{r_{\text{m}}}}.
\label{j_int}
\end{align}
Integrating Eq. (\ref{j_int}) along the geodesics and setting the coefficient of proportion to be unit, we obtain the specific intensity
\begin{align}
I(b)=\int_{\text{geo}} g^{3} j(\nu_{\text{e}}){\rm{d}}l_{\text{prop}},
\label{Ib}
\end{align}
where $g=\nu_{\text{o}}/\nu_{e}$ is the redshift factor, $\nu_{\text{o}}$ is the frequency received by the observer, ${\rm{d}}l_{\text{prop}}$ is the infinitesimal proper length observed in the instantaneous rest frame of the photon. The redshift factor $g$ is given by
\begin{align}
g=\frac{p_{\alpha}u_{\text{o}}^{\alpha}}{p_{\beta}u_{\text{e}}^{\beta}},
\label{g}
\end{align}
where $p_{\alpha}$ and $p_{\beta}$ are the 4-momenta of the photons received and those emitted, respectively. And $u_{\text{o}}^{\alpha}$ is the 4-velocity of the observer, $u_{\text{e}}^{\beta}$ is the 4-velocity of the static accretions. Setting the observer at $r=\infty$, from $G_{\mu\nu}u_{\text{e}}^{\mu}u_{\text{e}}^{\nu}=1$ we derive
\begin{align}
\begin{split}
u_{\text{o}}^{\alpha}&=\left(1,\ 0,\ 0,\ 0\right),\\
u_{\text{e}}^{\beta}&=\left( \sqrt{\frac{1}{k(r)f(r)}},\ 0,\ 0,\ 0 \right).
\end{split}
\label{4velocity_static}
\end{align}
Substituting $p_{t}=-E$ into the Hamitonian of photons $\mathcal{H}=G^{\mu\nu}p_{\mu}p_{\nu}=0$, and redefining the affine parameter $\lambda$ to $\lambda/L$, we derive
\begin{align}
p_{\mu}=\left( -1,\ \pm\sqrt{\frac{1}{f(r)}\left( \frac{1}{f(r)}-\frac{b^2}{h(r)} \right)},\ 0,\ \pm b \right),
\label{4momentum_static}
\end{align}
where the first positive and negative sign, respectively, represent photons moving radially inward and outward. And $\pm b$ represents photons moving counterclockwise and clockwise. Substituting Eqs. (\ref{4velocity_static}) and (\ref{4momentum_static}) into Eq. (\ref{g}), we get
\begin{align}
g=\sqrt{k(r)f(r)}.
\label{g_static_derived}
\end{align}
And the infinitesimal proper length can be obtained as follows
\begin{align}
{\rm{d}}l_{\text{prop}}=\pm \sqrt{G_{ij}{\rm{d}}x^{i}{\rm{d}}x^{j}}=\pm \sqrt{\frac{k(r)}{f(r)}+h(r)k(r)\left(\frac{{\rm{d}}\phi}{{\rm{d}}r}\right)^{2}}{\rm{d}}r,
\label{dl}
\end{align}
where ${\rm{d}}\phi/{\rm{d}}r=1/F(r)$, can be obtained from Eq. (\ref{geodesics}). Substituting Eqs. (\ref{j_int}) and (\ref{dl}) into Eq. (\ref{Ib}), we obtain the specific intensity $I$ of the impact parameter $b$. For different decay factors $\gamma$, we plot the specific intensity in Fig. \ref{Ib_static_change_gamma}.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=9cm]{Ib_static_changegamma.pdf}
\caption{The specific intensity with different $\gamma$ in static spherical accretion with fixed $\beta=0.1,\ P=0.6$, and $M=1$.}
\label{Ib_static_change_gamma}
\end{figure}
From Fig. \ref{Ib_static_change_gamma} we can see that the specific intensity grows slightly as $b<b_{\text{ph}}$. But then surges to the maximum as $b$ approaches $b_{\text{ph}}$, steadily decline when $b>b_{\text{ph}}$, and gradually approaches 0 until $b=\infty$. What is of importance in this figure is that the maximum of the specific intensity located at $b=b_{\text{ph}}$, as a result of the photons revolving around the BH multiple times. Therefore, $b_{\text{ph}}$ is an intrinsic property of the effective metric independent of $\gamma$.
For convenience, we set $\gamma=1$ in the following discussions. We set the inclination angle of the observer to be zero due to the spherically symmetric of the spacetime. The impact parameter $b$ determines the light ray's trajectory, and thus determines the observed intensity \cite{EPJC_Zeng_2020}. Thereon, we can obtain the specific intensity $I(b)$ from Eq. (\ref{Ib}) and then plot the simulated shadows in Figs. \ref{shadows_static_change_beta} and \ref{shadows_static_change_P}. The specific intensity is represented by several colors, which are brighter if the specific intensity is greater, and vice versa.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[$\ I(b)$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{Ib_static_P0.6_changebeta.pdf}\label{I(b)_static_change_beta}}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.05$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{shadow_static_beta0.05P0.6.pdf}\label{shadow_static_change_beta_beta=0.05}}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.1$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{shadow_static_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}\label{shadow_static_change_beta_beta=0.1}}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.2$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{shadow_static_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}\label{shadow_static_change_beta_beta=0.2}}
\end{center}
\caption{The specific intensity $I$ with respect to different impact parameters $b$ in the top-left panel. And the other figures are the BH shadows with static accretions for different BI parameters $\beta$ with $P=0.6$ and $M=1$.}
\label{shadows_static_change_beta}
\end{figure}
The specific intensity and the shadows with static accretions when $P=0.6$ and $M=1$ with respect to different $\beta$ are shown in Fig. \ref{shadows_static_change_beta}. The photon spheres are the brightest rings in Figs. \ref{shadow_static_change_beta_beta=0.05}, \ref{shadow_static_change_beta_beta=0.1}, and \ref{shadow_static_change_beta_beta=0.2}. And the radii of the photon spheres decrease continuously with the increase of $\beta$, but the decreasing speed gradually slows down, which is consistent with Table \ref{NumSol_changeBeta}. Also, we discuss the specific intensities and shadows in the case of $\beta=0.1,\ M=1$ as $P$ varies in Fig. \ref{shadows_static_change_P} by applying the same method above. The radii of the photon spheres obviously increase as the magnetic charge increases as described in Table. \ref{NumSol_changeP}. In summary, the average radial distance between the photons received by the observer and the BH would increase thus cause a rise in the specific intensity, if the BH gets more magnetically charged or the effect of BI becomes more significant.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[$\ I(b)$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{Ib_static_beta0.1_changeP.pdf}\label{I(b)_static_change_P}}
\subfigure[$\ P=0.3$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{shadow_static_P0.3beta0.1.pdf}\label{shadow_static_change_P_P=0.3}}
\subfigure[$\ P=0.6$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{shadow_static_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}\label{shadow_static_change_P_P=0.6}}
\subfigure[$\ P=0.9$]{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{shadow_static_P0.9beta0.1.pdf}\label{shadow_static_change_P_P=0.9}}
\end{center}
\caption{The specific intensity $I$ with respect to different impact parameters $b$ in the top-left panel. And the other figures are the BH shadows with static accretions for different magnetic charge with $\beta=0.1$ and $M=1$.}
\label{shadows_static_change_P}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Infalling spherical accretions\label{infalling}}
In this subsection, we study the shadows of free-falling spherically symmetric accretions in a static and spherically symmetric spacetime. The accretions have radial velocity pointing to the BH in this model. Similarly, we also employ Eq. (\ref{Ib}) to describe the intensities of the shadows. In infalling spherical accretions, the redshift factor $g$ can be calculated through Eq. (\ref{g}). The 4-velocity of a spherically symmetric infalling accretion influenced by the magnetic charged BI BH is \cite{NPB_ZENG_2022}
\begin{align}
u_{\text{e}}^{\beta}=\left( \frac{1}{A(r)},\ -\sqrt{\frac{1-A(r)}{A(r)B(r)}},\ 0,\ 0 \right).
\label{4velocity_infalling}
\end{align}
For simplicity, we set $A(r)=k(r)f(r)$ and $B(r)=1/[k(r)f(r)]$. The observer's position is fixed as the same as that in section \ref{static}, through the same method in obtaining Eqs. (\ref{4velocity_static}) and (\ref{4momentum_static}), we derive
\begin{align}
g=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{k(r)f(r)}\pm\sqrt{1-f(r)}\sqrt{\frac{1}{f(r)}\left(\frac{1}{f(r)}-\frac{b^{2}}{h(r)}\right)}},
\label{g_infalling_derived}
\end{align}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.05.$]{
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{Ib_staticinfalling_beta0.05P0.6.pdf}\label{I(b)_staticinfalling_change_beta_beta=0.05}
\hspace{2mm}
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{shadow_infalling_beta0.05P0.6.pdf}\label{shadow_infalling_change_beta_beta=0.05}
}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.2.$]{
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{Ib_staticinfalling_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}\label{I(b)_staticinfalling_change_beta_beta=0.2}
\hspace{2mm}
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{shadow_infalling_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}\label{shadow_infalling_change_beta_beta=0.2}
}
\end{center}
\caption{The specific intensity $I$ with respect to different impact parameters $b$ in the left panels with static and infalling accretions for different $\beta$ with fixed $P=0.6$ and $M=1$. And the shadows with these parameters for infalling accretions are shown in the right panels.}
\label{staticinfalling_change_beta}
\end{figure}
where the $\pm$ sign represents the photons moving radial inward and outward respectively. Therefore, we obtain the specific intensity $I$ with the impact parameter $b$ in Fig. \ref{staticinfalling_change_beta} by combining Eqs. (\ref{Ib}) and (\ref{g_infalling_derived}). The specific intensity in infalling accretion decrease slower compared to the static one. We extend the plot range to $b\leq 25$ to display the properties of shadows more comprehensively.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[$\ P=0.3.$]{
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{Ib_staticinfalling_P0.3beta0.1.pdf}\label{I(b)_staticinfalling_change_P_P=0.3}
\hspace{2mm}
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{shadow_infalling_P0.3beta0.1.pdf}\label{shadow_infalling_change_P_P=0.3}
}
\subfigure[$\ P=0.9.$]{
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{Ib_staticinfalling_P0.9beta0.1.pdf}\label{I(b)_staticinfalling_change_P_P=0.9}
\hspace{2mm}
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{shadow_infalling_P0.9beta0.1.pdf}\label{shadow_infalling_change_P_P=0.9}
}
\end{center}
\caption{The specific intensity $I$ with respect to different impact parameters $b$ in the left panels with static and infalling accretions for different $P$ with fixed $\beta=0.1$ and $M=1$. And the shadows with these parameters for infalling accretions are shown in the right panels.}
\label{staticinfalling_change_P}
\end{figure}
As shown in Fig. \ref{staticinfalling_change_beta}, the specific intensities of infalling accretion are obviously darker than those of the static one. Compared to static accretion, the infalling one has a smaller redshift factor $g$. As a result, the impact of redshift on infalling accretion is more obvious than that on static accretion. If the photons' impact parameter $b$ is small, their trajectories would get close to the BH. As a consequence, the integration along the geodesics contributes less to the specific intensity, resulting in a significantly lower value. Interestingly, the specific intensity of infalling accretion decreases inapparently as $b\to 0$ when $b<b_{\text{ph}}$, compared to that of static accretion. That is because the average radial distance between photons and the BH increases as the impact parameter increases, and the impact of the redshift factor on photons attenuates with their distance from the BH.
Additionally, the specific intensity of either static or infalling accretion, converges to zero as $b$ approaches infinity. Firstly, the average distance between photons and the BH is positively correlated to the impact parameter $b$. And the photon density decreases with the distance from the BH. As a result, the density of photons is less where the impact parameter is greater. Secondly, as illustrated at the end of the previous paragraph, the effect of the redshift factor on photons becomes weaker with increasing distance from the BH.
It is also noteworthy that, in both static and infalling accretion, the impact parameter corresponding to the peak of the specific intensity is always the same. This is because, in this paper, we ignore the other factors that may affect the photons' equivalent metric, such as the electromagnetic interaction between the accretion matters and photons \cite{ARXIV_2206.04430}.
We also investigate the impact of different magnetic charges on the specific intensity with infalling spherical accretion with fixed $\beta=0.1$ in Fig. \ref{staticinfalling_change_P}. Due to the slow increase of $b_{\text{ph}}$ as the BH gets more magnetically charged (see Table \ref{NumSol_changeP}), the differences between Figs. \ref{shadow_infalling_change_P_P=0.3} and \ref{shadow_infalling_change_P_P=0.9} are not as obvious as that between Figs. \ref{shadow_infalling_change_beta_beta=0.05} and \ref{shadow_infalling_change_beta_beta=0.2}. The BH shadow in the observational appearance shrinks as the BH becomes more magnetically charged or the influence of BI becomes more significant. The reasons are the same as our discussions in the end of the previous subsection.
\section{Shadows produced by accretion disks\label{ring}}
\subsection{Direct emission, lens ring, and photon ring}
In this section, we study the shadows cast by a thin accretion disk. The accretion disk can be placed on the equatorial plane by defining that the z-axis is perpendicular to the disk plane, for spherically symmetric spacetime. Inspired by \cite{Gralla:2019xty}, the trajectories of photons can be classified into three categories according to the total laps $n$ that orbit the BH. The trajectories with $n<3/4$ are defined as the direct emission, where photons intersect the accretion disk only once. The lens ring, where photons pass through the accretion disk twice, corresponds to the orbit's laps within $3/4<n<5/4$. Photons on the photon ring travel across the accretion disk at least three times, satisfying $n>5/4$. The ranges of direct emission, lens ring, and photon ring with respect to the impact parameter $b$ are numerically solved in Table \ref{NumSol_dir_lens_phtring} and Fig. \ref{nb} with different parameters $\beta$ and $P$. Fig. \ref{axes} is a visualization for Table \ref{NumSol_dir_lens_phtring}.
\begin{table}[htbp]
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{3mm}
\begin{tabular}{@{}|c|c|c|c|@{}}
\toprule[1pt]
& $\beta=0.1$ and $P=0.6$ & $\beta=0.2$ and $P=0.6$ & $\beta=0.2$ and $P=0.9$ \\ \toprule[1pt]
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Direct emission\\ $0\leq n<3/4$\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}$0\leq b<5.98186$\\ $b>6.62840$\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}$0\leq b<5.17489$\\ $b>6.08053$\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}$0\leq b<5.33738$\\ $b>6.05728$\end{tabular} \\ \toprule[1pt]
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Lens ring\\ $3/4<n<5/4$\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}$5.98186<b<6.05358$\\ $6.06645<b<6.62840$\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}$5.17489<b<5.30104$\\ $5.32213<b<6.08053$\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}$5.33738<b<5.42038$\\ $5.43528<b<6.05728$\end{tabular} \\ \toprule[1pt]
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Photon ring\\ $n>5/4$\end{tabular} & $6.05358<b<6.06645$ & $5.30104<b<5.32213$ & $5.42038<b<5.43528$\\ \toprule[1pt]
\end{tabular}
\caption{The ranges of direct emission, lens ring, and photon ring with respect to the impact parameter $b$ in the left panels for different parameters $\beta$ and $P$ with fixed $M=1$.}
\label{NumSol_dir_lens_phtring}
\end{table}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.1,\ P=0.6.$]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{regionP0.6beta0.1.pdf}}\\
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.2,\ P=0.6.$]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{regionbeta0.2P0.6.pdf}}\\
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.2,\ P=0.9.$]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{regionbeta0.2P0.9.pdf}}\\
\caption{Visualization of Table \ref{NumSol_dir_lens_phtring}. The grey, red, and yellow ranges are direct emission, lens ring, and photon ring, respectively.}
\label{axes}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{n_b.pdf}
\caption{The relationship between the total laps of photons rotating the black hole $n$ and the impact parameter $b$.}
\label{nb}
\end{figure}
Table \ref{NumSol_dir_lens_phtring}, Figs. \ref{axes} and \ref{nb} present that the range of direct emission extends with the increase of $P$, but the ranges of the lens ring and photon ring both decrease. Interestingly, all these three ranges are shifted outwards with the increase of $P$ or the decrease of $\beta$. Hence, in the presence of magnetic charge, the increase of BI effect obviously strengthens the effect of magnetic charge, which is similar to the result of the blue region of Fig. \ref{risco3rh} in section \ref{isco}. Changes in the BI parameter and the magnetic charge thus have contrary impacts on these three regions.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.1,\ P=0.6.$]{\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{geo_DirLenPht_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.2,\ P=0.6.$]{\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{geo_DirLenPht_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.2,\ P=0.9.$]{\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{geo_DirLenPht_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}}
\end{center}
\caption{Trajectories of photons. The black, red, and yellow curves represent the light rays corresponding to direct emission, lens ring, and photon ring, respectively. And the photon sphere is depicted here by black dashed lines. The black disk represents the BH. The difference in impact parameters between two adjacent trajectories are $0.05$, $10^{-3}$, and $10^{-4}$ in direct emission, lens ring, and photon ring, respectively.}
\label{geo_DirLenPht}
\end{figure}
We plot the photons' trajectories close to the BH in Fig. \ref{geo_DirLenPht} to illustrate how the magnetic charge and BI effect affect these three ranges. From Fig. \ref{geo_DirLenPht} we note that when $\beta$ is fixed, the increase of $P$ significantly extends the photon ring, and slightly reduces the radius of the event horizon. Meanwhile the range of the lens ring becomes narrower. If the magnetic charge is fixed, the increase of the BI parameter would expand the range of the lens ring. Interestingly, the impact of weakening BI effect is similar to that of reducing the magnetic charge of BH, which is consistent with our previous analysis.
\subsection{Observed specific intensities and transfer function}
We assume that the thin accretion disk emits isotropically in the rest frame of static worldlines, and the accretion matter is set to be fixed. The accretion disk is placed at the equatorial plane (the y-axis in Fig. \ref{geo_DirLenPht}), and the observer is located at infinity above the north pole ($x=+\infty$ in Fig. \ref{geo_DirLenPht}). The specific intensity received by the observer with emission frequency $\nu_{\text{e}}$ is \cite{Gralla:2019xty}
\begin{align}
I_{\text{obs}}(r,\nu_{\text{o}})=g^{3}I_{\text{emi}}(r,\nu_{\text{e}}),\qquad g=\sqrt{k(r)f(r)},
\label{received_intensity_def}
\end{align}
where $I_{\text{emi}}(r,\nu_{\text{e}})$ is the emitted specific intensity by the accretion disk, $\nu_{\text{o}}$ is the observed frequency, and $g$ is the redshift factor derived in Eq. (\ref{g_static_derived}). The total specific intensity $I_{\text{o}}(r)$ can be obtained by integrating all
frequencies of $I_{\text{obs}}(r,\nu_{\text{o}})$, which is denoted as
\begin{align}
I_{\text{o}}(r)=\int_{0}^{+\infty}I_{\text{obs}}(r,\nu_{\text{o}}){\rm{d}}\nu_{\text{o}}=\int_{0}^{+\infty}g^{4}I_{\text{emi}}(r,\nu_{\text{e}}){\rm{d}}\nu_{\text{e}}=k^{2}(r)f^{2}(r)I_{\text{e}}(r),
\label{received_intensity_derived}
\end{align}
where we have defined $I_{\text{e}}(r)=\int_{0}^{+\infty}I_{\text{emi}}(r,\nu_{\text{e}}){\rm{d}}\nu_{\text{e}}$ as the total emitting specific intensity.
We assume the disk is optically thin, i.e., no photons are absorbed by the disk. When the photons are emitted from the accretion disk, the light rays are bent by the BH and may intersect with the accretion disk for several times. For the light rays in the regions of direct emission, they intersect with the accretion disk only once. The photons with $3/4<n<5/4$ cross the equatorial plane twice. The light rays intersecting the accretion disk three or more times form the photon ring.
The sum of the observed specific intensities from each intersection determines the total received intensity, for photons contribute the specific intensity received by the observer once every time they pass through the accretion disk \cite{Li:2021ypw}, yielding
\begin{align}
I_{\text{o}}(r)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\left.k^{2}(r)f^{2}(r)I_{\text{e}}(r)\right|_{r=r_{n}(b)}.
\label{received_intensity_sum}
\end{align}
The $r_{n}(b)$ above is the transfer function, where $n$ is a positive integer. It is the radial position where the photons cross the accretion disk for the $n$-th time. The slope of a transfer function is called the demagnification factor \cite{Gralla:2019xty}. At given impact parameter $b$ it represents how much the corresponding part of the accretion disk is demagnified in the observer's vision at infinity. For different $\beta$ and $P$, the first three transfer functions $r_{n}(b)$ are plotted in Figure \ref{transfunc}. Here, we ignore the transfer functions of $n\geq 4$ due to limited numerical calculation precision.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.1,\ P=0.6.$]{\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{transfunc_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.2,\ P=0.6.$]{\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{transfunc_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}}
\subfigure[$\ \beta=0.2,\ P=0.9.$]{\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{transfunc_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}}
\end{center}
\caption{The first three transfer functions of a magnetically charged BI BH with thin accretion disk. The black, red and yellow lines represent the first, second and third transfer functions, respectively.}
\label{transfunc}
\end{figure}
It is noteworthy that the demagnification factors ${\rm{d}}r/{\rm{d}}b$ of these transfer functions are quite different. The first transfer function corresponds to the direct emission, which looks like a straight line with a demagnification factor of 1 approximately. So $r_{1}(b)$ is related to the redshifted source profile. The second transfer function relates to the lens ring (including the photon ring). The slope of $r_{2}(b)$ is much greater than that of $r_{1}(b)$, which indicates the lens ring is a significantly demagnified image of the back side of the accretion disk. The third transfer function is a line almost perpendicular to the horizontal axis and only contains the photon ring. Hence, the image of the photon ring is an extremely demagnified image of the front side of the disk. Thereon, the demagnification factors of further transfer functions approach infinity and they contribute negligibly to the observed intensity. Ignoring the higher-order transfer functions, therefore, has little effect on the total observed intensity.
\subsection{Observational appearances}
In this subsection, we study the specific intensity with some numerical toy models based on Eq. (\ref{received_intensity_sum}). The first emissive function $I_{\text{e1}}$ is assumed to be an exponential distribution that starts from $r=r_{\text{ISCO}}$.
\begin{align}
I_{\text{e1}}(r)/I_{0}=\begin{cases}
\exp\left[-(r-r_{\text{ISCO}})\right],\ r\geq r_{\text{ISCO}},\\
0,\ r<r_{\text{ISCO}},
\end{cases}
\label{emitted_intensity1}
\end{align}
where $I_{0}$ is the maximum intensity, similarly hereinafter. It is plotted in the top-left figures in Figs. \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.1_P0.6}, \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.6}, and \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.9} for different parameters $\beta$ and $P$. It reaches its peak at $r=r_{\text{ISCO}}$, and plummets to zero as $r<r_{\text{ISCO}}$.
The second emissive function $I_{\text{e2}}$ is an inverse proportional function multiplied by an exponential distribution, which starts from $r=r_{\text{ph}}$. We call it power law exponential model for convenience in the following text.
\begin{align}
I_{\text{e2}}(r)/I_{0}=\begin{cases}
\frac{1}{r-r_{\text{ph}}+1}\exp\left[-(r-r_{\text{ph}})\right],\ r\geq r_{\text{ph}};\\
0,\ r<r_{\text{ph}}.
\end{cases}
\label{emitted_intensity2}
\end{align}
This emissive function is plotted in the top-middle figures in Figs. \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.1_P0.6}, \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.6}, and \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.9} for different parameters $\beta$ and $P$. Obviously, it has a peak at $r=r_{\text{ph}}$ and drops steeper than the first emissive function as $r>r_{\text{ph}}$.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[\ Exponential model.]{\begin{minipage}{.31\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Ie1_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Io1_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{shadow_ring_I1_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}
\end{minipage}
}
\subfigure[\ Power law exponential model.]{\begin{minipage}{.31\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Ie2_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Io2_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{shadow_ring_I2_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}
\end{minipage}
}
\subfigure[\ Bell-shaped model.]{\begin{minipage}{.31\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Ie3_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Io3_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{shadow_ring_I3_P0.6beta0.1.pdf}
\end{minipage}
}
\end{center}
\caption{Observational appearances of a thin disk for different models with fixed $\beta=0.1$ and $P=0.6$. The first row shows the emissive functions $I_{\text{e}}(r)$, and the figures in the second row are the observed intensities $I_{\text{o}}(b)$. In the third row, we plot these observed intensities into two-dimensional disks.}
\label{shadow_ring_beta0.1_P0.6}
\end{figure}
The third emissive function is assumed to be a bell-shaped function starting from $r=r_{\text{h}}$.
\begin{align}
I_{\text{e3}}(r)/I_{0}=\begin{cases}
\frac{1-\tanh \left[r-(r_{\text{ISCO}}-r_{\text{h}}+0.5)\right]}{1-\tanh \left[r_{\text{h}}-(r_{\text{ISCO}}-r_{\text{h}}+0.5)\right]},\ r\geq r_{\text{h}};\\
0,\ r<r_{\text{h}}.
\end{cases}
\label{emitted_intensity3}
\end{align}
The third emissive function is plotted in the top-right figures in Figs. \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.1_P0.6}, \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.6}, and \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.9} for different parameters $\beta$ and $P$. After reaching its maximum at $r=r_{\text{h}}$, it decreases slowly at first and then rapidly. By employing Eq. (\ref{received_intensity_sum}) to these emissive functions, we numerically calculate the observed intensities, which are then plotted in the middle row in those figures corresponding to these three emissive functions.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[\ Exponential model.]{\begin{minipage}{.31\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Ie1_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Io1_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{shadow_ring_I1_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}
\end{minipage}
}
\subfigure[\ Power law exponential model.]{\begin{minipage}{.31\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Ie2_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Io2_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{shadow_ring_I2_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}
\end{minipage}
}
\subfigure[\ Bell-shaped model.]{\begin{minipage}{.31\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Ie3_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Io3_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{shadow_ring_I3_beta0.2P0.6.pdf}
\end{minipage}
}
\end{center}
\caption{Observational appearances of a thin disk for different models with fixed $\beta=0.2$ and $P=0.6$. The first row shows the emissive functions $I_{\text{e}}(r)$, and the figures in the second row are the observed intensities $I_{\text{o}}(b)$. In the third row, we plot these observed intensities into two-dimensional disks.}
\label{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.6}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[\ Exponential model.]{\begin{minipage}{.31\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Ie1_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Io1_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{shadow_ring_I1_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}
\end{minipage}
}
\subfigure[\ Power law exponential model.]{\begin{minipage}{.31\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Ie2_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Io2_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{shadow_ring_I2_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}
\end{minipage}
}
\subfigure[\ Bell-shaped model.]{\begin{minipage}{.31\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Ie3_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Io3_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}\vspace{2pt}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{shadow_ring_I3_beta0.2P0.9.pdf}
\end{minipage}
}
\end{center}
\caption{Observational appearances of a thin disk for different models with fixed $\beta=0.2$ and $P=0.9$. The first row shows the emissive functions $I_{\text{e}}(r)$, and the figures in the second row are the observed intensities $I_{\text{o}}(b)$. In the third row, we plot these observed intensities into two-dimensional disks.}
\label{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.9}
\end{figure}
The middle-left panels of Figs. \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.1_P0.6}, \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.6}, and \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.9} correspond to the observed intensities of different parameters and different emissive functions. For the exponential model, the corresponding impact parameter for the first peak of the observed intensity is about $b\approx 6.1$ for $\beta=0.1$ and $P=0.6$ ($b\approx 5.3$ for $\beta=0.2$ and $P=0.6$; $b\approx 5.5$ for $\beta=0.2$ and $P=0.9$), which is located at the photon ring. The lens ring causes the second, considerably higher peak that occurs immediately after the first one. In the middle-left panels of Figs. \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.1_P0.6} and \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.6}, the observed intensities reach their maximum after the second peak. For $\beta=0.1$ and $P=0.6$, the third peak of the observed intensity's corresponding impact parameter is approximately $b\approx 6.6$ ($b\approx 6.1$ for $\beta=0.2$ and $P=0.6$), representing the peak observed intensity produced by direct emission. In the case of $\beta=0.2$ and $P=0.9$, there are only two peaks in the observed intensity, but the second peak is higher than those in the other cases. The reason is that the lens ring is merged with the peak corresponding to the direct emission. In the bottom-left panels of Figs. \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.1_P0.6} and \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.6} we can find a narrow ring just within the brightest ring, which is the lens ring. One may zoom in to find the extremely thin photon ring just within the lens ring. The brightness and width of the whole shadow are dominated by direct emission in the exponential model.
For the power law exponential model, all the observed intensities shoot up to their first peak at $b\approx 4.9$, $b\approx 4.1$, and $b\approx 4.3$ in the central panel of Figs. \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.1_P0.6}, \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.6}, and \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.9} respectively. These local maximums are related to the direct emission. The observed intensities then steadily decline until they reach the maximum produced by the combination of the photon ring and the lens ring. The bottom-center panels of those three figures show that the lens ring and photon ring are combined to generate a halo with a highly luminous but extremely narrow profile. And the direct emission has a low observed intensity but a wide range. Among these figures, the lens ring and the photon ring are indistinguishable. For this model, the brightness of the whole shadow is dominated by the combination of the photon ring and the lens ring, but the direct emission contributes the most to the width.
In the middle-right panels of Figs. \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.1_P0.6}, \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.6}, and \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.9}, three peaks appear from left to right. The luminosity climbs to the first maximum produced by the direct emission. After the first peak, the observed intensities drop gradually except for a dramatic rise to their maximum and fall immediately. The maximum is approximately $b\approx 6.1$ for $\beta=0.1$ and $P=0.6$ ($b\approx 5.3$ for $\beta=0.2$ and $P=0.6$; $b\approx 5.5$ for $\beta=0.2$ and $P=0.9$), which corresponds to the photon ring. The photon ring is a lower peak very close to the lens ring. Although we can identify the lens ring and the photon ring through $I_{\text{o3}}(b)$ curves, it is hard to distinguish them in the simulated shadow images. As a result, the lens ring and photon ring produce a thin and bright halo, and the direct emission contributes a relatively dark but wide ring. For the bell-shaped model, the lens ring, combining with the photon ring, dominate the maximum brightness of the whole shadow, while the direct emission makes the most contribution to the width.
Combining Figs. \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.1_P0.6}, \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.6}, and \ref{shadow_ring_beta0.2_P0.9}, we arrive at some interesting conclusions. Firstly, it is easy to notice the differences in the shadows of magnetically charged BI BHs cast by the accretion disks starting from various radii. The radius of the central dark area has a strong relationship with the model. Secondly, the BI effect and the magnetic charge both have a considerable effect on the shadows. It is noticeable that the increase of the magnetic charge intensifies the luminosity produced by direct emission apparently, and the increase of the BI parameter weakens the effect of the magnetic charge. Lastly, the third is the most consistent with astronomical observations.
Different emission models have a large impact on the observed intensity of direct emission but have little impact on the lens ring and the photon ring. This is due to the small range of the impact parameter related to the lens ring and photon ring. The range of the radial distance from the BH of photons emitted within the aforementioned range of the impact parameter is also narrow. The shapes and locations of the lens ring and the photon ring are almost unchanged with the emission models for the emissivity of the accretion disk is almost constant in such a short range of the radial distance. The direct emission, however, relates to a wide range of the impact parameter. Photons with an impact parameter in this range have a wide range of radial distance from the BH when they are emitted from the accretion disk. The shapes and locations of observed intensity corresponding to the direct emission are also changing because the emission intensity of the accretion disk varies with the change in radial distance. Actually, the lens ring and the photon ring of the three models are difficult to identify for the ranges of the impact parameter corresponding to the transfer functions of $n=2$ and $n=3$ are very narrow. In this case, regardless of the accretion model, the emission intensity is nearly constant in such a narrow range of radial distance. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish the photon ring and the lens ring only by changing the emission model.
\section{Conclusion and discussion\label{concl}}
In this paper, we investigated the observational appearances of magnetically charged Born-Infeld black hole. Firstly we presented the metric for BI BH with magnetic charge, and studied the existence of black hole with unit mass in the parameter space of the BI parameter $\beta$ and magnetic charge $P$. The critical value of the magnetic charge increases with the increasing effect of BI nonlinear electrodynamics. The radii of the event horizon, the innermost stationary circular orbit and the photon sphere, i.e., $r_{\text{h}}$, $r_{\text{ISCO}}$, and $r_{\text{ph}}$, and their corresponding impact parameter $b_{\text{ph}}$ decrease as $\beta$ increases. $r_{\text{ph}}$ and $r_{\text{ISCO}}$ monotonically decrease as $P$ increases, but $r_{\text{ph}}$ and $b_{\text{ph}}$ increase consistently.
To compare the spacetime of a magnetically charged BI BH with that of the Schwarzschild BH, we further investigated the values of $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$ and found that $\beta$ has critical values for each magnetic charge. The value $r_{\text{ISCO}}-3r_{\text{h}}$ increases monotonically as the BI effect weakens, i.e., the increase of $\beta$. But the increase of the magnetic charge decreases the aforementioned value if $\beta$ is below the critical value, and vice versa. The geodesics are then derived from the equivalent metric of photons. The photon trajectories are null geodesics in the effective metric rather than the background metric because of the effects of BI. We found that the photon geodesics are more bent as the BI parameter decreases or the magnetic charge increases.
BH shadows are produced by photons that are deflected in curved spacetime. We first consider static spherically symmetric accretion, assuming that the density of photons follows a lognormal distribution with a maximum at the radius of the photon sphere. Also, we supposed that the frequency of the photons emitted is not monochromatic but has a normal distribution with central frequency $\nu_{\text{c}}$. The specific intensity received by a distant observer was obtained by integrating along the geodesics using the backward ray tracing method. And we plotted the specific intensity on a two-dimensional plane with the observer located at infinity above the north pole to display the BH shadows. The intensity grows slightly as $b<b_{\text{ph}}$, then rises sharply to the maximum as $b$ approaches $b_{\text{ph}}$, and asymptotically drops to zero when $b>b_{\text{ph}}$. The specific intensity reaches the maximum when the impact parameter of photons is equal to the critical value, as a result of the photons orbiting the BH infinite times.
We also took infalling spherically symmetric accretion models into account. The shadows of infalling accretion are obviously darker than the static ones with the same BI parameter $\beta$ and magnetic charge $P$ because the impact of the redshift factor $g$ on specific intensity becomes significant when the photons get close to the BH. In both infalling and static accretion, the brightest ring in each shadow represents its photon sphere. The radii and intensities of the shadows vary depending on the BI parameter and the magnetic charge. It is also noteworthy that the impact parameter $b$ corresponding to the peak of the specific intensity is always the same in both static and infalling accretions, indicating that the critical value $b_{\text{ph}}$ is only related to the effective metric. Moreover, the radius of the photon sphere is independent of the accretion disks.
We then studied the shadow produced by accretion disks. The photons emitted by the disk are divided into direct emission, lens ring, and photon ring based on their numbers of intersections with the disk. The regions of direct emission, lens ring, and photon ring with parameter changes are similar to the previous analysis of $r_{\text{ISCO}}$. We introduced transfer functions to describe the relationship between the radial positions where the photons intersect the accretion disk and their impact parameters. From the demagnification factors of the transfer functions, we illustrated that the slope of direct emission is almost fixed. However, the lens ring and the photon ring are noticeably demagnified. Then the observational appearances are simulated using three simple emission models of the accretion disk. Among all the simulations, the direct emission dominates the width of the shadow. The photon ring and the lens ring can hardly be distinguished only by changing the emission model.
With increasing resolutions of astrophysical observations, the nuances between the inner radii of shadows and the theoretical solutions for $r_{\text{ISCO}}$ may be found, implying the existence of magnetic charge combined with the BI NLED is probable. We expect this paper to provide a reference for the investigation of shadows of BI BH and the effect of magnetic fields on BI BH.
\begin{acknowledgments}
The authors are grateful to Peng Wang, Aoyun He, and Yadong Xue for useful discussions. This work is supported by NSFC Grant No. 12147207 and 12175212.
\end{acknowledgments}
\bibliographystyle{unsrt}
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In his latest State of the Union address, President Trump emphasized the need for bipartisanship in Washington. While admirable, the unifying rhetoric hardly ever translates into action and politicians on both sides simply return to what they know best: petty, partisan politics. To change course and translate talk into action, Republicans and Democrats need look no further than reauthorizing the Land Water Conservation Fund, a program that has done wonders for the country and maintained high levels of bipartisan support. | {
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Tesla Production Projected to be 100,000 Units in 2016; Possibly 800,000 by 2020?
Over on Forbes, there's a long-winded, drawn-out thought piece on Tesla Motors' stock valuation and $20-billion market cap. It's definitely worth a read (link posted below).
Within that Forbes article is a nugget of information we thought worth sharing here.
First, Tesla Motors says it'll produce 21,000 Model S sedans this year. We think this is a modest figure that Tesla will easily surpass.
Second, Tesla says production will hit 40,000 units in 2014 (mostly Model S, but some Model X crossovers will likely enter the mix near the end of the year). Is 40,000 doable in 2014? We think so.
Finally, Forbes speculates that Tesla's production will rise to 100,000 units in 2016 (Model S, Model X and some Gen IIIs). This mark seems within reach, but we're not so sure Gen III will arrive in 2016.
Looking further into the future, Forbes says Tesla will need to produce 200,000 Model S and Model X vehicles and 600,000 Gen IIIs in 2020 to maintain its stock position and to support its market cap of $20.7 billion. 800,000 units in a single year? Is that even possible?
Tesla has a long way to go to get there, with production hovering just below 600 units per week right now (~ 31,200 per year), but we sure hope Tesla pulls it off. | {
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WWE star brings the smackdown to Michigan boatyard
Eric Colby
Rhyno-yard: Gerin renamed the yard so it would have a more laid back feel.
Terrance Gerin is passionate about two very diverse pursuits. During boating season, there's nowhere he'd rather wake up than on his boat in a marina as the steam rises off the water.
When he's working as a pro wrestler for World Wrestling Entertainment, the 5'10" 295-pound brute is known as Rhyno, where he has spent 24 years building a following as a popular superstar known for his intensity and a finishing maneuver called "The Gore."
With pro wrestling's biggest event, Wrestlemania, just around the corner on April 7 at Metlife Stadium in East Rutherford, N.J., we caught up with Gerin as he was working to get his new boatyard ready for the upcoming season. Because he's the only employee, he picked up the phone with a simple greeting, "Boatyard."
Gerin purchased the former LaPlaisance Creek Marina in Monroe, Mich., completing the transaction last October. He's already a hands-on owner and has been working on the property through the winter, including changing the name to Big Daddy's Boat Yard.
"The whole idea of the name is to get a good chuckle out of it," he told Trade Only Today yesterday. "I want people to look around and say, 'This is a nice place and a nice atmosphere.'" He added with a laugh that he does not want to be referred to as "Big Daddy."
Gerin came to purchase the yard almost on a whim. He had been living aboard his 1975 Chris Craft double cabin at Gibraltar Boatyard in Rockwood, Mich., and he started talking with the owner about how he got into the business. "I love the history of places and people," said Gerin. He learned that Gibraltar had started out as a small facility in 1969 and had been built up to a full service facility over time. Gerin also owns a 30-foot 1970 Lyman Islander.
When he's in character, there's nothing laid back about Rhyno.
It sounded good to Gerin so he went online and Googled marinas for sale in Michigan. LaPlaisance popped up and he made some inquiries. "It was an inheritance, I bought it off the original owner's family," said Gerin. "They didn't have time and were absentee owners. It was more of a burden than a passion."
He explained that his experience living aboard his boat helped facilitate the decision. "I didn't know if I would like living around the marina and I loved it."
Big Daddy's Boat Yard has 69 docks and shoreside dockage, with space for 86 boats. Gerin isn't disclosing what he paid, but he said that he will be a hands-on owner. "I really don't need employees because it's a small mom-and-pop marina," he said. The slip customers will have his mobile phone number and transient customers will call the marina number and be forwarded to Gerin when he's on the road. He will use the Square payment service and personnel from Harbor Marine, which is across the street, will come over to help transients tie up.
"They've given me a lot of great advice," Gerin said of the owners and employees at Harbor Marine. Big Daddy's Boat Yard is located on Bolles Harbor on Lake Erie in Michigan. Gerin said all the local businesses have been supportive. "The cool thing is everybody has the mentality if one does well everybody does well," said Gerin. Many of his customers store their boats for the winter at Harbor Marine.
For the season, which runs April 15 through October 31, Big Daddy's Boat Yard charges $875 for a 25-foot slip and he has spots up to 40 feet. All the fees include power and water. He's tackling as much of the pre-season prep as he can on his own, but there's one thing he won't do. "I don't touch electricity," he said. He calls in a contractor for that.
Gerin grew up boating with his family on a 1963 Chris Craft. "Our Easter break was always scraping the bottom and cleaning it to get ready for the summer," he said.
The owners of the WWE, the McMahon family, have taught Gerin how to be a hands-on business owner. "They cover every detail, whether it's every week on TV or the live events," he explained. "If they're not there, reports go back to the home office every night."
With Wrestlemania just around the corner, Gerin was getting ready to head to New York for the week leading up to the big event called Wrestlemania Access, where he would be meeting fans and signing autographs. Rhyno won't find out if he'll be part of the event's "Battle Royale" until the day of the big fight. Gerin plans to keep wrestling as long as he can.
"I still have that passion but eventually my in-ring work will come to an end," he said. "As long as that window's open, wrestling is paying for a lot of the improvements and making the marina better." | {
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An exhibition to Nikola Tesla recently opened in Zagreb titled Tesla Mind of the Future. In it, curators partially illustrate the life of the extraordinary inventor and scientist. But why now? His one hundred fiftieth birthday was years ago. Two hundred is a long way off.
Before I went to the exhibition, I expected to see his inventions and what they looked like in reality. I didn't get quite what I was expecting, but I did learn a lot more about him and his life.
On the ground floor of the circular museum building stands a two-ton, twelve-meter statue of Tesla. Tesla's head reaches the upper floor. There, you can watch short films about artists and scientists explaining how Tesla inspired their work.
Divided into ten sections illustrating Tesla's life, the main floor of the museum displays sections on the inventor's life. The first is on his life in his country and how it shaped his hunger for science.
Among Tesla's first great achievements was the world's first modern hydroelectric power plant, opened in Niagara Falls in 1881. Following it's success second power plant opened in 1895 in Tesla's country, near Šibenik. He proved that alternating current can transmit large quantities of electricity over great distances. That kind a power could also supply a whole city with public lights similar to our modern streetlights. Tesla's goal was to modernize Zagreb by introducing electric trams, and electric streetlamps. It happend but with a delay.
Later, the exhibition shows achievements in the time when Tesla started to work for Edison in Paris, and than in United States. When he arrived in New York, he was full of hope that his patents and visions will be accepted. Shortly after though, Edison and Tesla disagreed about electricity possibilities and Tesla quit feeling mistreated.
Once he starting working alone he become very famous and influential among fellow scientists, especially in the field of electricity. The inventor organized shows where he demonstrated his inventions. Most looked like some illusionist performance. One of his famous experiments was the "Columbus Egg" with which he wanted to prove how an egg can stand vertically. Columbo cooked an egg and put it vertically and Tesla put egg in a magnetic field. It then rotates around as magnets keep it vertical. The punchline of this shows was crative thinking and how inventions can migliorate our lifes.The elite loved him and he entered in high society.
In 1897 – 1900, Tesla started to work on a secret project in Colorado Springs, CO for the US government. There he discovered that with standing waves earth can be an electrical conductor on a certain frequency. It resulted in the first articulated signals from the universe using alternating current.
Later on, this project assured him professional success. In such an enviroment Tesla spread his ideas among influential people. Many very wealthy and powerful people finances Tesla's research. One of them was J.P. Morgan who financed the construction of a tower Wardenclyffe on Long Island in Shoreham, NY. In exchange for his patents, Tesla started to construct a tower for wireless power transmission which would assure free energy. However, the tower deconstructed in 1917 under the excuse that it could be used by German spies. But the truth was that it was unacceptable to assure something for free in the time when everything had a price. On wireless power transmition principles today functions radio, remote controller or cell phone. Closing the tower project was Tesla's biggest failure and beggining of downfall of his career. After that, he started to mainly work with turbines.
His life turned out to be so different from all that rich scenery in exhibition – a time of rising capitalism and it's biggest symbols in the shape of skyscrapers, a time when illusionism took off, a time of rising entertainment and extroverted personalities who were often in his company.
I started to see things a bit differently, more melancholic. I felt I was watching some melodramatic story about greatness and failure…and posthumous catharsis. The Guy died 75 years ago and now we can still feel the echo of his inventions. Today in world where gadgets are taking over a larger part of everyday life, half of the population doesn't even have a clue that Tesla imagined these things more than a century ago!
Thank you so much, Katarina! i feel like I have just visited the exhibition by myself. Tesla was a brilliant mind and it's great to have a chance to learn more about his works. | {
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<?php
namespace Pyrech\ComposerChangelogs\Config;
use Composer\Composer;
class ConfigLocator
{
/** @var Composer */
private $composer;
/** @var array */
public $cache = [];
/**
* @param Composer $composer
*/
public function __construct(Composer $composer)
{
$this->composer = $composer;
}
/**
* @param string $key
*
* @return array
*/
public function getConfig($key)
{
$this->locate($key);
return $this->cache[$key]['config'];
}
/**
* @param string $key
*
* @return string|null mixed
*/
public function getPath($key)
{
$this->locate($key);
return $this->cache[$key]['path'];
}
/**
* Try to locate where is the config for the given key.
*
* @param string $key
*
* @return bool
*/
public function locate($key)
{
if (array_key_exists($key, $this->cache)) {
return $this->cache[$key]['found'];
}
if ($this->locateLocal($key)) {
return true;
}
if ($this->locateGlobal($key)) {
return true;
}
$this->cache[$key] = [
'found' => false,
'config' => [],
'path' => null,
];
return false;
}
/**
* Search config in the local root package.
*
* @param string $key
*
* @return bool
*/
private function locateLocal($key)
{
$composerConfig = $this->composer->getConfig();
// Sorry for this, I couldn't find any way to get the path of the current root package
$reflection = new \ReflectionClass($composerConfig);
$property = $reflection->getProperty('baseDir');
$property->setAccessible(true);
$path = $property->getValue($composerConfig);
$localComposerExtra = $this->composer->getPackage()->getExtra();
if (array_key_exists($key, $localComposerExtra)) {
$this->cache[$key] = [
'found' => true,
'config' => $localComposerExtra[$key],
'path' => $path,
];
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Search config in the global root package.
*
* @param string $key
*
* @return bool
*/
private function locateGlobal($key)
{
$path = $this->composer->getConfig()->get('home');
$globalComposerJsonFile = $path . '/composer.json';
if (file_exists($globalComposerJsonFile)) {
$globalComposerJson = json_decode(file_get_contents($globalComposerJsonFile), true);
if (array_key_exists('extra', $globalComposerJson) && array_key_exists($key, $globalComposerJson['extra'])) {
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Friday Prayers Leader
Leader delivers speech on Auspicious Eid al-Adha on Friday
Thursday, 30 July 2020 10:02
The Leader of the Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei, will speak to the Iranian nation through the national media on Friday, on the occasion of Eid al-Adha.
30,000 food items distributed among needy in Iran's Golestan province
Golestan (IP) - The representative of the Leader in Golestan province Reza Jafari and the Friday prayer leader of Gorgan said on Saturday that 30,000 food parcels have been distributed among the needy in the province so far, and every day 1,200 food parcels are cooked by the end of the holy month.
Choose candidates as accurately as possible: Friday Prayers leader
Tehran (IP) - Tehran interim Friday prayers leader, Ayatollah Seyyed Ahmad Khatami has recommended that people should be careful, diligent and accurate when choosing who to vote in parliamentary elections on Friday.
'Bahman 22 Rallies', indicates public strength, hope and solidarity
Tehran (IP) - Tehran's temporary Friday prayer leader Kaezm Seddiqi hailed massive turnout in 'Bahman 22 Rallies', saying that the huge presence indicates public strength, hope, Revolution's durability and solidarity for countering arrogant powers.
No need for aliens' presence in region: Air Force Commander
Tehran (IP) - The commander of Iran's Army Air Force said there is no need for the military presence of the alien countries in Western Asia.
Islamic Revolution Is a hinder to US, Zionist domination of Muslim world: top cleric
Tehran (IP) – Tehran's interim Friday Prayers Leader congratulating the occasion of the 10-Day Dawn said that if there were not the Islamic Revolution, today the US and the Zionist regime would have dominated Iran and the Islamic world.
World recognized Imam Khomeini's Resistance Doctrine: Top cleric
Tehran (IP) - Tehran's interim Friday prayers leader has said today the world recognizes Imam Khomeini's Doctrine of Resistance which has challenged the US and Western hegemony, putting the hegemonic powers on notice.
Tehran's Friday Prayers leader: Through unity we shall scupper the 'Deal of the Century'
Tehran's interim Friday prayers leader has emphasized that through unity and through support of the freedom-loving peoples of the world we shall scupper the American-Zionist conspiracy, known as the 'Deal of the century'.
Tehran's Friday prayers held at Imam Khomeini Musalla
Tehran (IP) - This week's Friday prayers were held at Imam Khomeini Musalla, and led by Mohammad-Hassan Aboutorabi Fard and the pre-sermon speech was delivered by Sadollah Zarei, a west Asian expert, on Lieutenant General Qassem Soleimani's school of thought.
Rally of "Resistance against US" to support Islamic Revolution held across the country
Tehran (IP) - Today, after Friday Prayers a huge crowd of worshipers in Tehran and across the country has come to the streets in support of the Islamic Revolution and condemned US hostile policies in the region.
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Q: Optaplanner: Termination strategy when all constraints not satisfied I am using optaplanner for solving a problem similar to employee assignment. All of my constraints may not be satisfied - I just want the best possible solution.
What is a good termination strategy for this?
If I use unimprovedSecondsSpentLimit, it compromises the reproducibility of the solution.
I am thinking of using unimprovedSecondsSpentLimit but don't know what value to use with it? Also, I see in documentation that this can also be used for a phase. What does that mean? I am not defining any phases myself.
A: You can configure a solver to exist out of multiple layers, these are typically called phases. Each phase is a seperate optimization step and you can configure it how you desire (e.g. stop after 30 seconds, stop after 200 unimprovedSteps, etc.). Hence each phase can have its own termination criteria. (This is aside from the sovler termination criteria)
Regarding finding a good termination strategy, you should use Optaplanner's benchmarker module. Load multiple datasets and try different values for unimprovedSecondsSpentLimit. See what configuration returns the most desired solutions consistently. Hope this helps.
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Our Leather Motorcycle Jackets and Vests are made from durable genuine soft leather. Your little biker will definitely feel comfortable wearing our cool and trendy leather garments. We offer a wide variety of sizes to fit babies, girls and boys.
Kid Biker offers Beautiful, Soft and Comfortable Pink Leather vests and jackets for girls. Made of high quality analine genuine leather.Your kid biker will look absolutely too cute sporting around in Pink.
Kid Biker has stylish motorcycle leather chaps for boys and girls. These are well constructed chaps for comfortable fit and a stylish look. Durable zippers and snaps to adjust your fit and are easy to put on and go ride.
Toddler Boy Short Sleeve Tee "Honey Bear Biker"
Toddler Girl Short Sleeve Tee "Kitty Kat Biker"
Youth Short Sleeve Tee "You Can't Catch Me"
Kid Biker Motorcycle Clothing was created out of the love of designing kid's clothes and the passion of being a motorcycle enthusiastic. Kid Biker is one of the first motorcycle apparel clothing lines that exclusively designs for kids. Whether he or she is from a motorcycle parent, grandparent, family or friends, kids want to wear clothing that portrays the motorcycle lifestyle their families and friends love.
The New Year has arrived and now is the time for some KID BIKER LEATHER! | {
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CHESTER –The CJI school board hired as interim superintendent Tim Bronk, who was the superintendent in Laurel for five years.
Bronk told the Liberty County Times he hopes to bring stability to the school, which lost his predecessor in a December murder-suicide. He thanked those who welcomed him and who cleaned out the superintendent's house to prepare for his arrival.
The board at its January 23 meeting also approved a mental health service provider for the school, with Michelle Holden as counselor. | {
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Welcome to Poppy Button Designs! I design and make one of a kind & limited edition jewellery. My pieces are high quality, creative & unique. I want to encourage you to wear & love beautiful pieces from Poppy Button Designs everyday. For more jewellery please visit my etsy shop! Weekly updates please come back often.
You will receive the same item as you see in my pictures unless stated. As all my jewellery is handmade and I only use natural stones the colour & pattern may show some inclusions, please understand this is normal and natural. Each piece is unique and no piece is the same.
Made by a member of our staff with lotsa ♥.
Your item(s) will arrive in a well protected parcel with bubble wrap.
We use Norway posten.no to send our parcels.
For orders shipping outside of Norway: the recipient of an international shipment may be subject, but not limited to: import taxes, customs duties, and/or fees, which are decided on by the recipient's own country. Any of these additional import charges are THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY of the recipient. I have no control over these charges and cannot predict what they may be. These fees are NOT already figured into my shipping charges. Customs policies vary widely from country to country and are often changing; you should contact your local customs office for further information.
Exchanges/Credits are accepted until 14 days after item is received. Custom/altered/personalized items are non returnable/eligible for exchange. In the event of an exchange/credit, the customer is responsible for shipping costs (delivery confirmation, etc) involved in the returning of the item.
Items returned/exchanged without prior notification will not be accepted and be returned to sender. Refunds are not available at this time, thank you for your understanding. | {
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Over the last 8 month, I have been listening to a lot of music on various platforms, such as Soundcloud, Dropbox, Bandcamp, ReverbNation and others. As I was on ReverbNation, I came across Boetto, so I started to listen to Boetto, they are a Rock/Hard Rock/Punk band from La Quinta, CA in the USA, so I thought "OK, lets have a listen".
When I started to listen to Boetto, it occurred to me (from first impressions) that this band is pretty decent, if you like the 80's rock and hard rock from that era you would love this band, as they have encapsulated the sound of that time.
I have listened to Voices In My Brain a good few times now and it is one of favourite tracks by Boetto, it has got that something, it has some really good riffing and shredding, from the outset to the end of the track. Never Go Back has the similar feel to Voices In My Brain with some really good shredding, drumming and singing on this track.
Songs Never Written is one of those tracks that you need a good few listens to, to appreciate it, as it has that softness to it and it is a perfect chill out song. Green Trees is similar to Songs Never Written, plus I can hear a little bit of the Red Hot Chilli Peppers on this track.
Scarecrow is a really good track, as the bass guitar and drums that drive the song along with some sweet shredding on the guitar. What If Never Come is a decent enough song at the beginning it reminds me of (in the same vein) Alice Cooper's Welcome To My Nightmare, but then it switches up a gear and it has impressed me enough with the guitar solos to put it on my playlist.
Lenny is in the vein of Soundgarden, Faith No More and RHCP of the late 80's and early 90's, as it has that similar type of beat to it and it has that bluesy style as well. Island Of Love has that acoustic feel to it, which goes throughout this track and for the fans, it has that Southern Rock tempo to it, which makes this track brilliant.
Man in the Desert, I don't know what it is about this track that makes me want to dance, I don't know if its the drums, the dirty sounding guitars or the guitars that have the Southern Rock element to them or combination of all them, but whatever it is it bloody awesome.
Mr. Row, this is a lot darker in the material and musically as it is about Halloween, if you like songs like this, this will be right up your street. It has that slow pounding of the drums and bass, and there is some sweet riffs from start to finish. Hallucinogenic Toadstool follows on from Mr. Row, as both songs got that Doom Rock feel to them, which a lot of fans of the genre should check out these songs.
Black Car Betty is one of those songs that will get thinking "Did he just say that" whilst dancing, as this has an upbeat feel to the overall track.
Well, I have listened to Boetto's music for a while now, and I can say that, what they have created is really good music, so I would highly recommend you to go check the out on ReverbNation, click here for their page.
I would give them a 4 out of 5 for good music, it might not be my style of rock music but they are still good and I can see where they are coming from.
Posted in Hard Rock, Punk, Rock. | {
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Fed Lends Two Trillion Without Oversight
American News Project:
So, you know about the Treasury's $700 billion bailout plan. But you probably don't know that the Federal Reserve has lent out $2 trillion since September. Few do. And that is what's irritating bulldog Congressman Alan Grayson. Will he be able to shed a light on the Fed's secret spending?
Alan GraysonbailoutBarack ObamaBarney FrankBen BernankeCongresscrisiseconomicseconomyfinanceforeclosureHank Paulsonloansoversightpoliticsrecessionstimulus packageTARPTim GeithnertransparencyTreasuryUS Federal Reserveyes 2 TRILLION
"In Solidarity For Equality"
Via Marti Abernathey: Donna Rose – the first and only openly transgender member of the Board of Directors of the Human Rights Campaign; national co-chair for Diversity; co-chair appointee-elect for the Business Council.
Donna Rose – Choosing solidarity for equality:
I hereby submit my resignation from my post on the Board of the Human Rights Campaign effective Monday Oct. 8, 2007. I call on other like-minded board members, steering committee leaders, donors, corporate sponsors, and volunteers to think long and hard about whether this organization still stands for your values and to take decisive action as well. More than simply a question of organization policy, this is a test of principle and integrity and although it pains me greatly to see what has happened it is clear to me that there can only be one path. Character is not for compromise. I cannot align myself with an organization that I can't trust to stand-up for all of us. More than that, I cannot give half-hearted support to an organization that has now chosen to forsake the tenets that have guided my efforts from day one.
To quote Populuxe in ObWi comments, "trans people were on the front lines of the fight for queer rights first. Abandoning them now is like pissing on Sylvia Rivera's grave."
Related: Barney Frank responds to Lambda Legal's analysis of the SPLENDA bill:
"…the one change that is made substantively from the old bill to the new one that I reintroduced is to drop gender identity." No words have been added or subtracted that make it easier to fire a gay man because of some effort to transform homophobia into dislike of effeminacy and I believe the law continues to be a strong bulwark against that.
Well, isn't that a relief – it's only transpeople who're getting fucked over by the cowards in Congress. That certainly changes everything *exhales*. Tracy Baim doesn't think much of Frank's perversion of pragmatism:
Rep. Frank's rationale for these maneuvers sounds good on paper, but does not represent the reality for our community. We cannot ever justify exclusion as a course of action. To sever a significant part of our community would be wrong. If it takes losing "T" to get our rights, none of us should want those rights.
Speaking of spineless CongressCritters, Jerame Davis calls out three Democratic holdouts on the inclusive ENDA bill:
Baron Hill of Indiana's 9th District, Joe Donnelly of Indiana's 2nd District, and Brad Ellsworth of Indiana's 8th District are three of the House Democrats holding out on HB 2015, the original – and trans-inclusive – ENDA legislation.
What the hell? Every time there is a queer issue that gets shot down, one or more of these three Indiana Democrats have their name attached to the controversy. And it's usually not on the side of inclusion, equality, or progressive values.
Indiana residents click through to find contact information for each Representative.
Also: 24 hrs after stabbing its transgender constituency in the back, HRC tries to staunch the bleeding; Rebecca Juro continues her righteous assault on Joe and Co:
Proven liars, proven sellouts, proven panderers to the unreasonable fears of cowardly politicians, the Human Rights Campaign can no longer be credibly considered community leaders by anyone in our community who truly believes that we are, in fact, one community, and that this community defines political success as succeeding together, leaving no one behind.
More on HRC's latest maneuver (and Barney Frank's bullshit) from Pam Spaulding (make sure to read the comments; eastsidekate= pure WIN: "Barney Frank supports the right of Barney Frank to not be discriminated against for being Barney Frank. How generous.")
October 3, 2007 October 3, 2007 matttbastard
Barney FrankDonna RoseENDAHuman Rights CampaignLambda LegalMarti AbernatheyPam's House BlendSolidarity For Equality
The Whole Loaf Or Nothing
Via Hilzoy @ ObWI, today's SF Chronicle:
"Leading gay rights organizations, with the pointed exception of the Human Rights Campaign [HRC], withdrew their support Monday from a landmark gay civil rights bill after House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of San Francisco and Rep. Barney Frank, D-Mass., pulled transgender people from the legislation that would protect gays and lesbians from workplace discrimination.
The intense backlash by the gay community surprised House Democratic leaders, forcing them to postpone what had been intended as a big House vote this week to include gays and lesbians in the nation's job discrimination laws for the first time in American history.
The debate playing out between gay rights activists and two of their biggest supporters in Congress raises a classic political question: Are activists better off compromising and accepting progress or continuing to fight for everything they want?
Gay rights groups have been waiting for a decade for the bill to pass, and many say a few more months to try to build support for including gender identity would be worth the wait. They say transgender people will have little chance of winning protection from discrimination if they aren't included in this bill.
Pelosi and Frank, however, fear the inclusion of gender identity will kill the overall bill – again denying gays and lesbians protection against job discrimination.
Pelosi, D-San Francisco, issued conflicting statements Monday in reaction to the turmoil. The first declared her personal support for including transgender people in the Employment Non-Discrimination Act but asserted she would stick by her decision to drop them from the bill to give it a greater chance of passage.
About three hours later, the speaker issued a new statement saying, "After discussions with congressional leaders and organizations supporting passage" of the bill, committee and floor votes on the bill had been postponed to "allow proponents of the legislation to continue their discussions with members in the interest of passing the broadest possible bill.""
Hil's post is well worth reading in its entirety as an introductory text for those who aren't already familiar with trans issues (feel free to suggest in comments more/better examples of 'trans 101' posts and I'll update accordingly). Also, Marti Abernathey and Vanessa Foster Edwards of TransAdvocate (here, here, here, here and here), along with the folks @ Pam's House Blend, have been all over the bowdlerized ENDA the past several days. I suggest you go check out the aforementioned sources for the full 411. I also owe and offer my American transgendered brothers and sisters an unequivocal apology for not shining the solidarity spotlight on this much sooner, and brighter, than this.
And to those who would contend that a small victory is still better than total defeat, please consider: it's a lot easier for lesbians/gays to 'pass' than transpeople. With that in mind, which group is most at risk of facing discrimination in the work place, especially if someone is in the process of transitioning or has already transitioned during their tenure of employment? By removing transpeople from the proposed legislation, the Dems have given the shaft to the ones most in need of its protection.
Sorry, Barn and Nance – "wait your turn" is not the answer. The Dem leadership (and the HRC) have proposed that transgendered people be tossed under the rainbow bus for the 'greater good'; what incentive is there to include transpeople in any future legislation if the Dems–and the greater LGBT community in the U.S.–allow the bowdlerized ENDA to pass? What right do you have to ask the trans community to once again commit seppuko?
The rationalizations remind me of SSM vs. 'civil unions'. Sure, the latter option may be more palatable for general (read: breeder) consumption in the US. But compromise is essentially giving up the fight for full equality for all members of the LGBT community–permanently.
'Half a loaf is better than none'? My ass. That don't mean sh*t to those still hungry and who will remain starving in perpetuity, especially when they're the ones at the table who are most in need of nourishment.
Let me repeat Hil's request:
If you think that people should not be fired because they seek gender reassignment surgery, or have some other sort of gender misalignment — if the very idea of choosing one of the toughest parts of a person's already tough life to take away his or her livelihood for no good reason makes you as mad as it makes me — then now would be a good time to write your Representative and ask him or her to support the extension of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act to transgendered people.
Edward_Winkleman's eloquent dissent:
As a gay man, I don't mind saying, I have no interest at all in becoming a "first-class citizen" if it comes at the expense of someone else's status. I'll happily take my chances with the current law before I'll passively support the hideous assertion that gays and lesbians are kind of ok now, but transgendered Americans are still very much not ok. That folks can't see why that's so offensive to many gay folks suggests to my mind they don't see why the current lack of protection is offensive to us either. It's not about us. It's about what's right.
What this boils down to, quite frankly (no pun intended), is that I trust the motives of the transgendered community in this battle much, much, much more than I trust the motives of those among general public who are coming around and now ready to condescend to suggest I might be worthy of some of the same civil liberties they take for granted. In other words, if the sh*t hits the fan again, I'd rather stay aligned with the folks who've shown me constant, genuine support, regardless of how small a minority they may be, than be worried my new allies are still harboring bigotry and might turn against me again.
and offer this call to action from Rebecca Juro (hyperlinks and emphasis mine):
It's time to get pissed off again and start calling out people and organizations out when they deserve it. It's time finish the job that we started in 2004 and knock HRC from its undeserved perch as the leading LGBT civil rights organization and replace them with an organization which understands that civil rights are for everyone, even when they interfere with the interests of rich white gay guys. NGLTF isn't perfect, but they're far closer to that ideal than HRC has ever come or ever will. The fact that even the Empire State Pride Agenda has signed onto this letter as HRC and LCCR remain silent speaks volumes, both about how far some in this movement have come in being willing to support and work for truly inclusive civil rights laws, and how for others the only thing that's really changed in any substantive ways is the rhetoric.
It's time to take our movement back, gang…let's go out there and make it happen. No delays, no excuses. The time to have an impact, for all of us, is right now. If we fail in this we only have ourselves to blame.
One, two, three, four, one, two, three…DON'T support the HRC!
Also, please sign the National Stonewall Democrats web petition:
and the petition sponsored by the Transgender Law Center (TLC) and the National Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE, via Nexyjo):
Oh, and PS: if I wasn't clear before let me make things completely transparent, like fine polished CRYSTAL: fuck the HRC. There's no substitute for the original ENDA.
[Update: Waymon Hudson @ The Bilerico Project on Lambda Legal's analysis of the so-called SPLENDA bill:
"Leaving out protections for transgender people is unacceptable, and passing a bill riddled with loopholes will make it harder to achieve equality on the job. You can't be fired for being a lesbian or a gay man, but you can be fired if your boss thinks you fit their stereotype of one."
More here.]
After the fold, statements from TLC, NCTE and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (NGLTF), along with the text of the original letter to Congress rejecting the trans-free ENDA. Continue reading →
Barney FrankENDANancy PelosiNational Center for Transgender EqualityNational Stonewall DemocratsPam's House BlendTransgender Law Center | {
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Williamson schools not in session for remainder of 2019-20; COVID-19 testing expands
Kerri Bartlett
Williamson County Schools and Franklin Special School District announced it will honor Gov. Bill Lee's request to stay closed, following his daily COVID-19 update on Wednesday.
"While we understand this is a necessary step to ensure we avoid exposure of children and adults to the coronavirus, we also understand that this decision is disappointing for many," FSSD Director of Schools David Snowden said.
"We are here to support you and your family regardless of the distance between us."
After Lee recommended that schools remain closed for the rest of the 2019-20 school year on Wednesday, he also announced that COVID-19 testing services would be expanded around the state, including Williamson County, this weekend.
Lee acknowledged that being out of classrooms means that much of student learning is lost.
"This pandemic has created many challenges and classroom time has been lost, and students have lost a significant amount of learning time," Lee said.
He also praised the work of school districts in disseminating learning resources to parents and students while school is out.
To ensure the well-being of students as the school year closes with almost three months of classroom learning lost, Lee has charged Tennessee Department of Education Commissioner Penny Schwinn with forming a Child Well-being Task Force.
The Child Well-being Task Force will form in coming weeks "to encourage and support local innovation and partnerships," Schwinn said.
Schwinn said the TDOE would work with districts to provide support for initiatives to support children after being out of a structured school schedule for so long.
Williamson County Schools and Franklin Special School Districts have launched educational resources for parents and students to follow at home. The WCS Learning Plan can be found here.
FSSD distributed its second learning packet on April 13 and other resources can be found at https://fssd.org/covid19/.
"We know you are working as hard as you can to help your children continue their learning with the review packets we provided over the past few weeks," Snowden said.
"Your teachers and principals are working hard to provide you with the resources that you and your children need to learn from home. As the closure has extended, teachers are offering more and more opportunities to connect with students. As our teachers explore the various FSSD-approved online resources and innovative ways to remain connected, they will notify you of those options."
FSSD also provided parents with a list of free WiFi spots around Franklin.
"We know that internet access is not universal, so we want to share the city of Franklin's free WiFi hot spots, which provide families with free internet access," Snowden said.
"Together, we are #fssdstrong."
Free WiFi in Franklin:
Downtown Franklin – two-block area around the Square
Harlinsdale Farm
Eastern Flank Battlefield Park
Free COVID-19 testing Saturday for anyone
On April 18, the Williamson County Health Department will host free COVID-19 testing, regardless of whether one shows traditional symptoms such as cough, fever or difficulty breathing.
Previously, residents were encouraged to call their physician first if they were exhibiting symptoms, but Lee said anyone can now be tested at select sites around the state.
According to Lisa Piercey, commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Health, it is important for "every Tennessean who isn't feeling well" to get tested, regardless of traditional coronavirus symptoms.
The new tests will provide results in 72 hours.
Nurses and/or National Guard medics will collect nasal swabs from those who want to be tested, and test results may be available within 72 hours after the samples arrive at the lab, depending on lab volume, a media release from the Williamson County Health Department said.
"Anyone with health concerns, or who has concerns about the health of a family member, is invited to come to one of these locations this weekend to receive testing for COVID-19," said Cathy Montgomery, county director.
"This testing will be provided at no cost to participants, and those who come for testing may remain in their vehicles throughout the process."
Sample collection for testing will be offered at the following locations and times in the Mid-Cumberland Region:
Dickson County: 11 a.m. - 2 p.m.
Dickson County Health Department, 301 West End Ave., Dickson
Montgomery County: 9 a.m. - 12 p.m.
Montgomery County Health Department, 300 Pageant Lane, Clarksville
Robertson County: 11 a.m. - 3 p.m.
Robertson County Fairgrounds, 4635 US-41, Springfield
Rutherford County: 9 a.m. - 12 p.m.
Rutherford County Health Department, 100 West Burton St., Murfreesboro
Williamson County: 10 a.m. – 3 p.m.
Williamson County Health Department, 1324 West Main St., Franklin
Wilson County: 9 a.m. – 12 p.m.
Wilson County Health Department, 927 E. Baddour Parkway, Lebanon
Sumner County: 9 a.m. – 12 p.m.
Gallatin High School, 700 Dan P. Herron Drive, Gallatin
Tennessee's Coronavirus Public Information Lines are open from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., CDT daily at 833-556-2476 or 877-857-2945.
TDH is posting updated COVID-19 case numbers by 2 p.m. CDT each day at www.tn.gov/health/cedep/ncov.html. Find additional information at www.tn.gov/governor/covid-19.html and www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html.
More:Gov. Bill Lee announces coronavirus testing expansion to any Tennessean, regardless of traditional symptoms
More:Williamson schools will 'freeze' grades for seniors, all students for March 6
More:'Resilient' Class of 2020 copes with new rites of passage during the coronavirus pandemic
More:Williamson County Schools, Franklin Special roll out learning plans during coronavirus closures
Kerri Bartlett covers education in Williamson County. She can be reached at [email protected], 615-308-8324 or @keb1414 on Twitter. | {
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Photo via the Naval Historical Center.
The Reverend Rufus B. Tobey established the Boston Floating Hospital in 1894.
Tobey had a model in the nation's first floating hospital, the Emma Abbott, launched from New York City in 1875. Tobey's original two-deck boat had permanent wards on its lower deck and a day ward above.
The poor, sick, air-starved babies feel the strengthening breezes of the bay, color returns, digestion improves with appetite, and on leaving the boat at 5 p.m., mother and infant are equipped with a fresh start against the evil forces of the city's summer night.
This entry was posted in Boston, Ephemeral Boston and tagged Boat, Boston Floating Hospital, Boston Harbor, Emma Abbott, Health Care, Medicine, New York, Philanthropy, Rufus Tobey. Bookmark the permalink.
Working on my family's genealogy. One of my ancestors daughter's died August 9, 1899, Boston, floating hospital. She was 11 months old. Had to know what that was, and my investigating led me here. Thank you.
Helen — thanks for sharing. Let me know if you find out more — maybe you can guest-post as a follow up to this one, a more personal story. | {
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Rachel Carson High School for Coastal Studies
Overview written by the school: The mission of Rachel Carson High School is to provide every student with a student-centered and rigorous curriculum that fosters critical thinking. We seek to ensure that each student displays grit, perseverance and empathy, is prepared for college or the world of work and has a post-graduation plan, is able to productively collaborate with peers, is open to new experiences, and is environmentally conscious. We expect that when students graduate from our school that they go out into the world as analytical, compassionate, thoughtful, and productive citizens who advocate for themselves and those in need.
Graduation Rate: 75.999999% (at the end of the school year before last, the percent of students who graduated "on time" by earning a diploma four years after they entered 9th grade).
Program 1: Rachel Carson High School for Coastal Studies
Code: L01R
Program description: Marine and Environmental Sciences, Science Research, Marine Robotics-Sea Perch and MATE, and First Robotics.
Interest: Environmental Science
Admissions priority 1: Priority to Brooklyn students or residents
Extracurricular activities and clubs offered by the school that do not fall under one of the Sports categories (PSAL Sports or School Sports): Women's Empowerment, Aquarium Club, Comic Book Club, Video Game Club, Board Games Club, Black Student Union / My Brother's Keeper, Art Club, Youth Pride (LGBTQIA+ Club), 3-D Printing Club, Robotics Club, Volleyball Club, Podcasting & Media
Male PSAL (Public School Athletics League) sports offered at the school, listed under Extracurricular Activities and Clubs in the HS Directory: Baseball, Basketball, Bowling, Cross Country, Football, Handball, Indoor Track, Outdoor Track, Rugby, Soccer, Volleyball, Wrestling
Female PSAL (Public School Athletics League) sports offered at the school, listed under Extracurricular Activities and Clubs in the HS Directory: Basketball, Bowling, Softball, Volleyball
Sports offered by the school outside PSAL (Public School Athletics League): Boys Baseball, Basketball, Bowling, Football, Handball, Indoor Track, Outdoor Track, Rugby, Soccer, Volleyball, Wrestling Girls Basketball, Bowling, Cheer, Cross Country, Indoor Track, Outdoor Track, Volleyball
Advancedplacement courses: AP English Language and Composition, AP U.S. Government and Politics, AP United States History, AP Computer Science Principles, AP Calculus AB, AP English Literature and Composition, AP Biology
Borough: Brooklyn
NTA: West Brighton
Neighborhood: West Brighton
School Number: K303
About Rachel Carson High School for Coastal Studies
Address: 521 West Avenue, Brooklyn NY 11224 (40.582518,-73.972009)
Website: RachelCarsonhs.org
Subway lines near the school: F to Neptune Ave-Van Siclen; Q to Ocean Parkway
Bus lines near the school: B1, B36, B4, B68
Hotels near Rachel Carson High School for Coastal Studies
21K344
Ceramics and Mixed Media Arts Program
Abraham Lincoln High School
2800 Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn NY 11235 (40.582627,-73.968733)
Juan Morel Campos Secondary School
215 Heyward Street, Brooklyn NY 11206 (40.703996,-73.953304)
Frederick Douglass Academy VII High School
226 Bristol Street, Brooklyn NY 11212 (40.665568,-73.912102)
John Jay School for Law
237 7th Avenue, Brooklyn NY 11215 (40.669255,-73.97858)
International High School at Prospect Heights
883 Classon Avenue, Brooklyn NY 11225 (40.669805,-73.960689) | {
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Last edited by Rienen; February 15th, 2010 at 21:39.
Last edited by drahkar; February 15th, 2010 at 17:09.
Inkscape. Squares, circles, etc are easy enough to build. As you create your images, keep a stable of icons in a legend and copy/paste them onto your images. Especially convenient for dungeons.
Nope your right, the latest Masterplan (found here) can download all DDI Compendium material into useable modules. You can also very easily create collections of tiles into useable modules.
There's also a really neat auto-delve feature that will create a set of encounters and a map at the click of a button.
Last edited by CampbellR66; March 8th, 2010 at 13:40. | {
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Q: New Relic not sending data I've newrelic agent for my rails application installed on linode. App is using unicorn and i've did some magic (https://newrelic.com/docs/ruby/no-data-with-unicorn), but still have no data on my dashboard. Other hand - i've migrated my app from heroku to linode and on heroku it's working fine (i've deleted old app profile from dashboard).
Could you give me any idea - how can i determine what the problem is?
A: It's hard to debug this situation, but the lack of newrelic log file seems there is some basic setup issue.
Try to go through the installation instructions again. If that does't help raise a support ticket with newrelic. They are a helpful bunch of people and you will get an answer quite fast.
A: I've found solution of my problem. It was because of i've forgot to remove from application config file some environment variables - NEW_RELIC_APP_NAME, NEW_RELIC_ID, NEW_RELIC_LICENSE_KEY, NEW_RELIC_LOG.
A: If you use new relic addons on heroku, your datas will be at https://heroku.newrelic.com .
Try to go the app resources and click on new relic addons.
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Located on Bourke Street, Bourke Street Massage offers the most relaxing and intimate couples massages on Bourke Street in Chinatown, Melbourne. Give us a call!
If you are looking for a unique massage experience with a loved one, visit Bourke Street Massage's for a couples massage. Bring along a friend, family member or your significant other for a relaxing moment in our spa.
Each person is free to choose the massage style best suited to their particular needs. We are highly proficient in full body massage, face and scalp massage, remedial massage, Chinese massage and relaxation massage.
Looking to treat someone to a massage adventure?
A couples massage is not only meant for you and your significant other. With us, you can easily experience a wonderfully relaxing and personal massage with a friend or family member.
At Bourke Street Massage, we make sure our couples massage offers you an opportunity to strengthen your bond through immeasurable comfort and sessions that are personalised to suit both you and your partner's needs.
We strive to create a cosy, comfortable and ambient setting where you feel at ease to openly communicate your particular demands.
Our team of experts is here to answer any questions you may have concerning our services.
We are dedicated to ensuring you walk out feeling rejuvenated and healthy. | {
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The closing ceremony of the 7th edition of the Willem VIS Commercial Arbitration Competition
Posted on July 23, 2017 July 7, 2018 by Webmaster
In the Presence Of the American Ambassador and Academic and Legal Figures
Mohammad Al Moqatei: Hosting and organizing this competition stems from our strategic vision towards our students
Students of Dar Al-Hekmah University in Saudi Arabia win the main prize for the third consecutive year
The closing ceremony of the 7th edition of the Willem VIS Commercial Arbitration Competition, hosted and organized for the first time in Kuwait at Kuwait International Law School, has turned into a joyous Festival as participants from 13 Middle Eastern countries, numbering over 160 students, and 70 judges and coaches, expressed their appreciation for KILAW for its good organization of this event in a manner that enabled them to carry out their intensive training and workshops, competitions and rounds with ease.
The closing ceremony of this preliminary competition was held in the presence of a large number of diplomatic and academic figures and representatives of the sponsors including Mr. Bader Al-Khalifa, Prof. Mohammad Al Moqatei – KILAW President/Dean – as well as Prof. Siham Al-Furieh and Mr. Sami Al-Abd Al-Hadi – members of KILAW's Board of Trustees – the Assistant Dean for Student Affairs Dr. Saleh Al-Otaibi, the Executive Director of the Center for Studies and Legal Research at KILAW Dr. Ahmed Al-Faresi, US Ambassador in Kuwait Mr. Lawrence Silverman, the Secretary General of the Kuwait Center for Commercial Arbitration Dr. Anas Al-Toura, the Assistant Secretary General for Academic and Student Affairs at the Council of Private Universities Dr. Nibal Borsali, and a number of the School's faculty members and staff.
Fair Competition
KILAW's President/Dean, Prof. Mohammad Al-Moqatei, welcomed the guests, noting that they are "guests at this academic beacon." He expressed his happiness at hosting and organizing this academic event in which a number of students from various regional universities participated and competed fairly, reflecting the friendliness and positivity of learners in general and law students in particular.
Prof. Al Moqatei stressed KILAW's keenness to host the seventh edition of the Willem VIS Competition, as it stems from the School's strategic vision and mission to provide its students with all means of developing their levels and training them for such events. This competition is one of many examples of the School's curricular and extracurricular efforts.
He concluded by thanking all those who have contributed to accomplishing this achievement which coincided with the celebration of Kuwait's National holidays. This gave us the chance to introduce our guests to the celebrations through the decorations adorning the streets of various areas around Kuwait.
Values of Justice
US Ambassador Mr. Lawrence Silverman thanked the School's administration for hosting this event, which brings together students from the Middle East to reflect the region's future in adopting values of justice, translating what they have learned and trained as law students on the ground, especially intellectual property which the United States of America strives to protect and respect throughout the whole world, and these students will also contribute in the future to the protection of this matter. He pointed out that the US Department of Commerce's keenness to sponsor the Willem VIS Commercial Arbitration Competition in cooperation with regional and international bodies, organizations and institutions stems from their appreciation of this competition and its role in raising awareness of the importance of arbitration in resolving disputes.
Appreciated Efforts
On the other hand, the Secretary General of the Kuwait Center for Commercial Arbitration Dr. Anas Al-Tourah, stated that the Center is delighted with this student meeting in Kuwait after receiving the invitation of the Kuwait International Law School to participate in the seventh preliminary round of the Willem VIS Commercial Arbitration Competition, expressing his appreciation to the School administration for this initiative which was carried out in the name of Kuwait to contribute to spreading the culture of arbitration among the new generation of students not only in Kuwait but also in the Middle East. It is an achievement that we are proud of at the Kuwait Center for Commercial Arbitration and we extend our thanks to the School administration represented by the Board of Trustees and its Chairman and the School's Dean for their efforts in hosting and organizing this event.
Following a speech delivered by Prof. Ronald Brand from the University of Pittsburgh, USA, who led the training program; awards, gifts, memorial shields and certificates were handed over to the judges, trainers, guests and participating students from various universities, as well as handing the best defendant and best oral argument, best presenters and best team in communicating with other participants. In conclusion, the students of Dar Al-Hekmah University, Saudi Arabia, were awarded the main prize for the third consecutive year, while the team of the American University of Afghanistan came se | {
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Your Merchant ID number (also know as your Customer ID number or MID). This is the 8-digit number that you will find on any correspondence you have received from Worldpay.
Ethernet and/or telephone line cable.
An IP broadband or telephone connection.
Firstly you will need to setup your terminal. To do this connect the base unit to the power supply and place the terminal on the base unit, allowing at least 2 hours for your terminal charge or until the battery icon shows it is fully charged.
You will also need to connect your Ethernet or telephone connection to your terminal base.
IP enabled portable terminal - Plug one end of the Ethernet cable into your router and the other into your Terminal's base.
Standard telephone line – Plug one end of the telephone line into the wall socket and the other into your Terminal's base.
N.B. The choice of network connection is entirely up to you, your terminal will work equally well with each connection type.
1) Firstly, remove your terminal from the base and then replace. The terminal screen should light up when reconnected, press the green ENTER button to confirm and continue.
Local network is for Ethernet or IP broadband connections.
PPP should be selected for standard telephone line connections.
Select the appropriate option based on your connection method using the terminal arrow keys. Once selected press the green ENTER button to continue.
For Local Network connections your terminal will prompt you to connect the Ethernet cable, once done press the green ENTER button.
If you choose PPP your terminal will prompt you to connect the telephone line, once done press the green ENTER button. Your terminal will also ask you to confirm if you have call waiting or 1571.
Your terminal will now prompt you to select your region, using the terminal's arrow keys select the relevant option from the displayed list.
GBR – Any merchants based in Great Britain.
GIB – Any merchants based in Gibraltar.
IRL – Any Merchants based in Ireland.
Once you have selected the correct option press the green ENTER button.
3) You will now be prompted to enter your Merchant ID number (sometimes referred to as Customer ID number or MID). This is an 8-digit number that you can find on any Worldpay correspondence. Key this in and press the green ENTER button.
4) Once your terminal has updated you will be prompted to create a unique 4-digit supervisor code which will be needed to authorise certain functions, for example refunds. To create you supervisor code enter your chosen 4-digit code and press the green ENTER button, re-enter your code and press the green ENTER button to confirm.
5) Once you have successfully installed your Bluetooth Terminal the READY screen will be displayed. You are now ready to start taking card payments. To make a sale simply enter the amount and follow the onscreen instructions. | {
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Thick and rich yet easily absorbed for ultimate hydration.
A cornucopia of natural botanical oils to nourish and repair hands and body.
Excellent for men as a soothing after shave facial cream. Ditto for any shaved area.
Neroli essential oil is a gift to nourish skin.
Citrus essential oils are uplifting, relaxing, and emotionally soothing.
Steam distilled essential oils avoid photosensitization.
A host of plant butters and oils hydrate and soothe w/o lingering greasiness. The best hand and body cream you've ever used. Thick, rich, smooth as silk.
Aloe vera: Natural skin calming effect and conditioning.
Apricot Kernal Oil: High in skin nourishing oleic and linoleic acids. Excellent for mature, dry, or sensitive skin that is dry or irritated.
Coconut Oil: Skin softening, repair, and hydrating with positive effects.
Glycerin: Skin softening, improved hydration with positive effects to restore skin's normal protective barrier. Helps skin that's been traumatized.
Neroli Essential Oil: Beloved for its calming and delightful fragrance of orange blossoms, neroli oil nourishes skin and keeps it smooth and supple. It nourishes skin, smooths the appearance of stretch marks, helps smooth the appearance of scars, helps clarify skin.
Coriander Essential Oil: Antioxidant, skin nourishing. Cools and soothes skin.
Massage wherever you have skin.
Apply to moist skin for ultimate hydration.
Excellent after-shave for men to soothe and nourish skin.
Organic Aloe barbadensis (Aloe) Leaf Juice,Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil,Cocos nucifera, (Coconut) Oil,Glycerin,Citrus reticulata (Tangerine) Oil,Citrus sinensis (Sweet Orange) Oil,Citrus nobilis (Clementine) Oil,Citrus aurantium amara (Neroli) Oil,Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) Oil,Vitamin E Tocopherol,Phenoxyethanol,Caprylyl Glycol. | {
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Our entry-level XE195 elliptical trainer is smooth and dependable, but with fewer programs and features.
This unit features a 7.5" bright blue backlit LCD console, an extensive amount of exercise data, electromagnetic resistance, a post workout summary of the accumulated data, and a 2" Q-Factor (space between pedals).
Pulse grips enable you to monitor your heart rate at all times and are conveniently located on the center handlebars.
Motivating programs include Hill, Fat Burn, Cardio, Strength, Interval and Manual.
Creates a more biomechanically correct stride. | {
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The office layout is made stunning by getting quality furniture. Different types of furniture have been designed to suit various types of office layout. Getting some of the best leads on office desks that suit use of computers and desks in the office is very useful. Make sure you have some top professionals who will guide you through the entire process successfully. With a suitable plan, it will be good for you to get all information and models that have certain effects to your office. When you get these products, you will get the best solutions as required.
The choice of good models of laptop stands needs to be based on the quality of timber used. In most modern office furniture, high-quality furniture is used in crafting these products. Ensure you have the best ergonomic laptop stand that helps in holding the laptop in position. For laptop desks, they need a wider surface where the laptop will rest comfortably. Get the best guide on how you will acquire the leading model that gets you the best performance possible. Employees will have plenty of space and feel comfortable when sitting at their workstations.
The uncaged Ergonomic furniture is perfect for open office layout. In these layout design, every employee has designated their workstations, and they can easily move and communicate with others in the same room. With the caged designs, it will be easy for every person to get the computer desk set up at the right point. When the best results have been realized, some great outcomes will be realized in the process. Check this page to learn more.
Choosing a great model of the adjustable height computer desk will get you the best results. Ensure you have some good models that will keep all operations in the office at the right point. Buying the affordable standing desk can be the best choice for any office. Enough space is provided for every desk. Some sidewalls are put to bar one from getting interrupted by other actions that are happening in the other user's screen. Check uncagedergonomics.com for more info.
The budget on getting the best office furniture varies. High-quality office desks are quite expensive. Looking at different furniture shops and getting their prices are encouraged. By doing this, you have the chance to identify the models that are most reliable. Most offices where employee's comforts are well-taken care off, productivity has been positive. Visit https ://www.wikihow.com/Select-a-Laptop-Desk for other references. | {
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The global loudspeaker market is expected to register a CAGR of 7.3% during the forecast period of 2018 - 2028. The North America and SEA & others of APAC regions are expected to account for an approximate market share of 40% by the end of the forecast period.
FMI delivers key insights about the global loudspeaker market in its report titled "Loudspeaker Market: Global Industry Analysis 2013 – 2017 and Opportunity Assessment 2018 – 2028." Among the types of loudspeakers, the stereo speakers segment is estimated to register the highest growth in the global loudspeaker market. Under the loudspeaker speaker design segment, the with diaphragm loudspeaker segment is expected to dominate the global loudspeaker market throughout the forecast period. On the basis of deployment, the indoor deployment loudspeakers segment is expected to register the highest market share in the global loudspeaker market by the end of the forecast period.
The global loudspeaker market is expected to register an annual revenue of US$ 3,214.6 Mn by the end of 2020. The predominant regions, i.e., North America, Western Europe, Latin America and SEA & others of APAC, are expected to jointly account for a majority share of the global loudspeaker market. The loudspeaker markets in Southeast Asia & other Asia Pacific and North America are expected to dominate the global loudspeaker market during the forecast period.
These days, people are reluctant to use the old methods of playing music through loudspeakers, which include the usage of compact discs, cassettes and the like, however, the introduction of music streaming platforms globally has made it easy for users to play their choice of music on-demand. This has supported the growth of the loudspeaker market by driving the customer base for loudspeakers. Another factor driving the loudspeakers market is the popularity of these loudspeakers at public places such as cinemas, restaurants, concerts, etc., which has significantly boosted the loudspeaker market. Moreover, individual entertainers prefer to use loudspeakers during their outdoor shows, which indicates that the price standards of loudspeakers are decreasing day by day.
The interaction of a loudspeaker systems with the environment around them determines whether their usage in a particular environment is appropriate. Indoor deployment loudspeakers are generally used for a room and not for open places or places that host public events, whereas outdoor deployment loudspeakers are mostly used in venues that host public events such as concerts, theaters, restaurants, etc., and a network of loudspeakers is placed at different places in these venues.
The speakers with a diaphragm assembly for the generation of sound waves are termed as diaphragm speakers. The speakers with diaphragm include moving-iron loudspeakers, piezoelectric speakers, magnetostatic loudspeakers, magnetostrictive speakers, electrostatic loudspeakers, ribbon & planar magnetic loudspeakers, bending wave loudspeakers, flat panel loudspeakers, Heil air motion transducers, transparent ionic conduction speakers and others. On the other hand, the speakers that do not work on the diaphragm-based loudspeaker model are termed as speakers without diaphragm. Plasma arc speakers, thermo acoustic speakers, rotary woofers and others are included in this category.
The market of the Southeast Asia and others of Asia Pacific region is expected to dominate the loudspeaker market in terms of growth rate, followed by the Latin America market. The loudspeaker market of North America is estimated to expand significantly over the forecast period. The Eastern Europe loudspeaker market is expected to register moderate growth with a total incremental dollar opportunity of 214.9 Mn. However, by the end of 2028, the North America loudspeaker market is expected to be followed by the Western Europe loudspeaker market in terms of value due to the good distribution channels of major loudspeaker market players in these regions in addition to their large presence.
According to FMI analysis, the introduction of loudspeakers with advanced features by loudspeaker providers as well as strategic collaborations, acquisitions and mergers will help increase the overall corporate revenue in the global loudspeaker market. Examples of some of the participants included in the global loudspeaker market report are Yamaha Corporation; LG Electronics Inc.; Klipsch Group, Inc. (A VOXX International Company); Harman International Industries; Bose Corporation; Creative Technology Ltd.; Logitech International S.A; Sony Corporation; Panasonic Corporation; Bowers & Wilkins and Sound United LLC. | {
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There was some confusion around what I said about the Regional Council elections scheduled to take place on the 19th of March and as usual I was misquoted or comments I made were taken outside context and used for other reasons. This is, of course, to be expected. I also got some messages by email, text or comments appeared in other blogs. I will not publicly answer any of those. Any one wishing to say anything should do so on here.
I will be attending Regional Council on the 19th as a Lambeth Unison delegate and my mandate is to vote for the UL candidates. That is my role and my mission so there is no point endorsing anyone else as I am not into playing double games. I am voting for the UL.
My criticism of the UL does not mean that I will not be voting or supporting them but I am hoping that they take on board what I did say and do something to change the image they have. They need to forget how they see themselves and concentrate on how they are perceived. Either they do that or they remain in opposition for a long time.
But in general terms I am sure this is the time for change and I will be watching very closely how the UL conduct themselves on Thursday.
Good luck to all who are standing and a big thanks to all the Unison staff who always work hard to make the AGM happen I hope someone thanks them publicly?
So let me get this right Nick, you don't think the united peoples left is up to the job but you will support them anyway? Isn't that wrong? I know you to be an independent spirit why don't you make a statement telling us all what they are like? | {
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On behalf of Dinn, Hochman & Potter, LLC posted in Closely Held Businesses on Monday, March 2, 2015.
As some Ohio business owners may know, businesses may offer employment contracts when hiring new employees. This provides assurance to both the employee and the employer that certain aspects of the relationship are tangible, regarded as nonnegotiable or unable to be changed without cause.
Whether a company is large or small, the company may deliver unique services or products to its patrons. Protecting the exclusivity of the company's trade secrets may be accomplished in part by an employee contract that prevents an employee from using such information or customer lists for his or her own gain.
Employee contracts may do this by using non-compete agreements. If state law does not allow enforcement of a non-compete agreement, as some states do, nondisclosure or confidentiality agreements might be substituted. The overall effect is similar.
The use of employee contracts may be beneficial for other reasons. Employers spend money and time training a new employee. The employee contract allows an employer to stabilize the business organization. This prevents the trained employee from leaving before the benefits of such training are realized by the employer, and the contract may specify the duration of employment. Employees might see this as a helpful feature since the employee may not wish to train and not be assured of a stable workload for a specified period.
Aside from the duration of employment, salary and job description, employee contracts might include benefits, sick leave and vacation specifics and reasons for termination. However, both parties need to understand the contract is binding and should be offered and received with that in mind.
Implementing an employee contract using specifics may be beneficial for an employer, and the details of the contract are important. An attorney may provide insight into the parameters that may be included and their enforceability. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} | 1,339 | [
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The previous Aygo displayed a great deal of pep to its driving experience – not from the raw numbers, but from the general nature of its thrummy three-cylinder engine's delivery.
Less get up and go, more get up and show willingness to get a shift on, if you like. That impression is present this time around, too.
Given the engine's paucity of capacity and relatively low outputs, you'd expect nothing other than the 13.9sec that it requires for a 0-60mph 'sprint'. Of more value to the driver here is in-gear flexibility.
First, the bad news: low-end shove is not its strong point. Peak torque arrives at 4300rpm, which is no great surprise for a naturally aspirated petrol engine, but it means that the Aygo needs to be worked if you're looking to join a motorway at a pace similar to the traffic already on it.
Fortunately, the fact that there are only three cylinders means that the relative frequency of the bangs is a bit lower than in a four. And the note is appealing. So you don't feel as bad about working the Toyota as you might an engine with an extra cylinder. Do so and you'll find that 50-70mph in third gear takes a respectable 11.4sec.
Shifting the lever for the five-speed gearbox used to be a bit of a chore, with excessive notchiness and too little return to centre, but both of these criticisms seem to have been addressed. The ratios themselves are well spread to allow swift enough response at low revs and an able motorway cruise.
The five-speed automatic – designated x-shift – works in an acceptable fashion but it does take time to shift; we'd recommend you stick with the manual if possible.
The Toyota's pedals are light yet well weighted relative to each other, while braking is respectable in the dry and good in the wet. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;
using Autofac;
using Autofac.Integration.Web;
using NUnit.Framework;
using Orchard.Caching;
using Orchard.Environment;
using Orchard.Environment.Configuration;
using Orchard.Environment.Extensions;
using Orchard.Environment.Extensions.Folders;
using Orchard.Environment.Extensions.Models;
using Orchard.Environment.ShellBuilders;
using Orchard.Environment.Descriptor;
using Orchard.Environment.Descriptor.Models;
using Orchard.FileSystems.AppData;
using Orchard.FileSystems.VirtualPath;
using Orchard.Mvc.ModelBinders;
using Orchard.Mvc.Routes;
using Orchard.Owin;
using Orchard.Tests.Environment.TestDependencies;
using Orchard.Tests.Stubs;
using Orchard.Tests.Utility;
using Orchard.WebApi.Routes;
using IModelBinderProvider = Orchard.Mvc.ModelBinders.IModelBinderProvider;
using Orchard.Tasks;
namespace Orchard.Tests.Environment {
[TestFixture]
public class DefaultOrchardHostTests {
private IContainer _container;
private ILifetimeScope _lifetime;
private RouteCollection _routeCollection;
private ModelBinderDictionary _modelBinderDictionary;
private ControllerBuilder _controllerBuilder;
private ViewEngineCollection _viewEngineCollection;
[SetUp]
public void Init() {
var clock = new StubClock();
var appDataFolder = new StubAppDataFolder(clock);
_controllerBuilder = new ControllerBuilder();
_routeCollection = new RouteCollection();
_modelBinderDictionary = new ModelBinderDictionary();
_viewEngineCollection = new ViewEngineCollection { new WebFormViewEngine() };
_container = OrchardStarter.CreateHostContainer(
builder => {
builder.RegisterInstance(new StubShellSettingsLoader()).As<IShellSettingsManager>();
builder.RegisterType<RoutePublisher>().As<IRoutePublisher>();
builder.RegisterType<ModelBinderPublisher>().As<IModelBinderPublisher>();
builder.RegisterType<ShellContextFactory>().As<IShellContextFactory>();
builder.RegisterType<StubExtensionManager>().As<IExtensionManager>();
builder.RegisterType<StubVirtualPathMonitor>().As<IVirtualPathMonitor>();
builder.RegisterInstance(appDataFolder).As<IAppDataFolder>();
builder.RegisterInstance(_controllerBuilder);
builder.RegisterInstance(_routeCollection);
builder.RegisterInstance(_modelBinderDictionary);
builder.RegisterInstance(_viewEngineCollection);
builder.RegisterAutoMocking()
.Ignore<IExtensionFolders>()
.Ignore<IRouteProvider>()
.Ignore<IHttpRouteProvider>()
.Ignore<IModelBinderProvider>()
.Ignore<IWorkContextEvents>()
.Ignore<IOwinMiddlewareProvider>();
});
_lifetime = _container.BeginLifetimeScope();
_container.Mock<IContainerProvider>()
.SetupGet(cp => cp.ApplicationContainer).Returns(_container);
_container.Mock<IContainerProvider>()
.SetupGet(cp => cp.RequestLifetime).Returns(_lifetime);
_container.Mock<IContainerProvider>()
.Setup(cp => cp.EndRequestLifetime()).Callback(() => _lifetime.Dispose());
_container.Mock<IShellDescriptorManager>()
.Setup(cp => cp.GetShellDescriptor()).Returns(default(ShellDescriptor));
_container.Mock<IOrchardShellEvents>()
.Setup(e => e.Activated());
_container.Mock<IOrchardShellEvents>()
.Setup(e => e.Terminating()).Callback(() => new object());
}
public class StubExtensionManager : IExtensionManager {
public ExtensionDescriptor GetExtension(string name) {
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public IEnumerable<ExtensionDescriptor> AvailableExtensions() {
var ext = new ExtensionDescriptor { Id = "Orchard.Framework" };
ext.Features = new[] { new FeatureDescriptor { Extension = ext, Id = ext.Id } };
yield return ext;
}
public IEnumerable<FeatureDescriptor> AvailableFeatures() {
// note - doesn't order properly
return AvailableExtensions().SelectMany(ed => ed.Features);
}
public IEnumerable<Feature> LoadFeatures(IEnumerable<FeatureDescriptor> featureDescriptors) {
foreach (var descriptor in featureDescriptors) {
if (descriptor.Id == "Orchard.Framework") {
yield return FrameworkFeature(descriptor);
}
}
}
private Feature FrameworkFeature(FeatureDescriptor descriptor) {
return new Feature {
Descriptor = descriptor,
ExportedTypes = new[] {
typeof (TestDependency),
typeof (TestSingletonDependency),
typeof (TestTransientDependency),
}
};
}
public void Monitor(Action<IVolatileToken> monitor) {
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
public class StubShellSettingsLoader : IShellSettingsManager {
private readonly List<ShellSettings> _shellSettings = new List<ShellSettings> { new ShellSettings { Name = ShellSettings.DefaultName, State = TenantState.Running } };
public IEnumerable<ShellSettings> LoadSettings() {
return _shellSettings.AsEnumerable();
}
public void SaveSettings(ShellSettings settings) {
_shellSettings.Add(settings);
}
}
[Test, Ignore("containers are disposed when calling BeginRequest, maybe by the StubVirtualPathMonitor")]
public void NormalDependenciesShouldBeUniquePerRequestContainer() {
var host = _lifetime.Resolve<IOrchardHost>();
var container1 = host.CreateShellContainer_Obsolete();
((IShellDescriptorManagerEventHandler)host).Changed(null, ShellSettings.DefaultName);
host.BeginRequest(); // force reloading the shell
var container2 = host.CreateShellContainer_Obsolete();
var requestContainer1a = container1.BeginLifetimeScope();
var requestContainer1b = container1.BeginLifetimeScope();
var requestContainer2a = container2.BeginLifetimeScope();
var requestContainer2b = container2.BeginLifetimeScope();
var dep1 = container1.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
var dep1a = requestContainer1a.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
var dep1b = requestContainer1b.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
var dep2 = container2.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
var dep2a = requestContainer2a.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
var dep2b = requestContainer2b.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
Assert.That(dep1, Is.Not.SameAs(dep2));
Assert.That(dep1, Is.Not.SameAs(dep1a));
Assert.That(dep1, Is.Not.SameAs(dep1b));
Assert.That(dep2, Is.Not.SameAs(dep2a));
Assert.That(dep2, Is.Not.SameAs(dep2b));
var again1 = container1.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
var again1a = requestContainer1a.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
var again1b = requestContainer1b.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
var again2 = container2.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
var again2a = requestContainer2a.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
var again2b = requestContainer2b.Resolve<ITestDependency>();
Assert.That(again1, Is.SameAs(dep1));
Assert.That(again1a, Is.SameAs(dep1a));
Assert.That(again1b, Is.SameAs(dep1b));
Assert.That(again2, Is.SameAs(dep2));
Assert.That(again2a, Is.SameAs(dep2a));
Assert.That(again2b, Is.SameAs(dep2b));
}
[Test]
public void SingletonDependenciesShouldBeUniquePerShell() {
var host = _lifetime.Resolve<IOrchardHost>();
var container1 = host.CreateShellContainer_Obsolete();
var container2 = host.CreateShellContainer_Obsolete();
var requestContainer1a = container1.BeginLifetimeScope();
var requestContainer1b = container1.BeginLifetimeScope();
var requestContainer2a = container2.BeginLifetimeScope();
var requestContainer2b = container2.BeginLifetimeScope();
var dep1 = container1.Resolve<ITestSingletonDependency>();
var dep1a = requestContainer1a.Resolve<ITestSingletonDependency>();
var dep1b = requestContainer1b.Resolve<ITestSingletonDependency>();
var dep2 = container2.Resolve<ITestSingletonDependency>();
var dep2a = requestContainer2a.Resolve<ITestSingletonDependency>();
var dep2b = requestContainer2b.Resolve<ITestSingletonDependency>();
//Assert.That(dep1, Is.Not.SameAs(dep2));
Assert.That(dep1, Is.SameAs(dep1a));
Assert.That(dep1, Is.SameAs(dep1b));
Assert.That(dep2, Is.SameAs(dep2a));
Assert.That(dep2, Is.SameAs(dep2b));
}
[Test]
public void TransientDependenciesShouldBeUniquePerResolve() {
var host = _lifetime.Resolve<IOrchardHost>();
var container1 = host.CreateShellContainer_Obsolete();
var container2 = host.CreateShellContainer_Obsolete();
var requestContainer1a = container1.BeginLifetimeScope();
var requestContainer1b = container1.BeginLifetimeScope();
var requestContainer2a = container2.BeginLifetimeScope();
var requestContainer2b = container2.BeginLifetimeScope();
var dep1 = container1.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
var dep1a = requestContainer1a.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
var dep1b = requestContainer1b.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
var dep2 = container2.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
var dep2a = requestContainer2a.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
var dep2b = requestContainer2b.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
Assert.That(dep1, Is.Not.SameAs(dep2));
Assert.That(dep1, Is.Not.SameAs(dep1a));
Assert.That(dep1, Is.Not.SameAs(dep1b));
Assert.That(dep2, Is.Not.SameAs(dep2a));
Assert.That(dep2, Is.Not.SameAs(dep2b));
var again1 = container1.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
var again1a = requestContainer1a.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
var again1b = requestContainer1b.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
var again2 = container2.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
var again2a = requestContainer2a.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
var again2b = requestContainer2b.Resolve<ITestTransientDependency>();
Assert.That(again1, Is.Not.SameAs(dep1));
Assert.That(again1a, Is.Not.SameAs(dep1a));
Assert.That(again1b, Is.Not.SameAs(dep1b));
Assert.That(again2, Is.Not.SameAs(dep2));
Assert.That(again2a, Is.Not.SameAs(dep2a));
Assert.That(again2b, Is.Not.SameAs(dep2b));
}
}
public static class TextExtensions {
public static ILifetimeScope CreateShellContainer_Obsolete(this IOrchardHost host) {
return ((DefaultOrchardHost)host)
.Current
.Single(x => x.Settings.Name == ShellSettings.DefaultName)
.LifetimeScope;
}
public static IOrchardShell CreateShell_Obsolete(this IOrchardHost host) {
return host.CreateShellContainer_Obsolete().Resolve<IOrchardShell>();
}
}
} | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} | 5,427 | [
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Is it possible to get some kinda sticky thread to gather all rogue pvp builds / links etc?
Atm everything is very spread out, its realy hard to find what Im searching for.
I am playing the Gunblade specc atm (NB/MM), but it feels like somehting is wrong in the specc.
I was thinking to try our Nightblade/Bladedancer, Ive seen a few rogues with 44points NB and some points in BD, but I am not sure how they have specced specifikly. Also been thinking about Riftstalker/Bladedancer (brawler). But Im not sure about the diffrence.
An link to the specc and a few tips / macros would be nice!
My best advice : Use guides to guide you, not dictate where you place your skills. You'll do faaarrr better by knowing what are the highlights of your build than if someone else made it for you.
Spend the time, it's worth it.
Last edited by Sir Sowl; 08-12-2011 at 10:46 PM.
If you want group pvp you should stay away from melee builds.
I am following guides (when I find them), but I cannot find any better suggestions on Nightblade speccs.
Anyhow, main reason I made this thread is that I would like some other suggestions on NB pvp builds wich are realy good.
I cannot find guides wich are up to date and Ive tryed some allready wich isnt working for me at all.
If you know any link to guides on diffrent nightblade pvp builds please show me.
I run the Nightman and I've been loving it. Check that out, the guide is also good, and if not at least pretty entertaining and well thought out.
But I like your idea for healers, sometimes I try to smother them which assures they don't get off a casted HoT or anything at all for at least 4 seconds. See how that works out too.
As for warriors you just gotta use Hit and Run and try to kite them as best you can. Sometimes I use Dark Containment to give me sometime to run (also used as an interrupt on healers/casters!). They are pretty tough but manageable.
Yeah, but if you read the patchnotes, procs (such as Fellblades) has a reduced effectiveness when using AoEs. Stuff you were able to do through aoe, you can't anymore (unless you really spam spam spam aoe for like 10 GCD).
I have a guide on NB/RS sitting in my mail (since I did it at work, yup I'm a terrible employee) But since I don't play it a lot anymore (playing bard and MM a lot lately, and proc rate), I didn't bother.
What I personally dislike about the Gunblade and Nightman, is that it's a Melee-Ranged Hybrid with very little defense but kiting and defensive cooldowns. However, when those are down : So are you.
I personnally see the NB tree as a "PressureDPS" tree. And by that, I mean that it's a tree with a substancially smaller burst, but that can harm a player and team by being sturdy and hard to kill. It's motto : If you're not dead, you are still doing damage.
It's not that it's terabad like ranger. It's decent. But not a gamechanger. I've played a variation of the Nightman about a month ago, for a week or so, was fine but it was counterproductive to me.
And seriously, my best advice : Spend time making YOUR build. The beauty of the rogue is that there are tons and tons of viable builds out there. You'll do FAAARRR better by knowing where everything is, what skill does what than by using a guide.
Not saying all I say is true, maybe you totally don't agree with it, it's just how I see it.
Last edited by Sir Sowl; 08-13-2011 at 08:23 AM.
I realy would like to try some diffrent speccs for pvp, thou im not realy sure where to put all points for the best setup of the souls I pick for pvp specifikly.
Melee builds lack the damage needed to really take anyone down whos getting healed. Either go Marksman or you wont do enough damage or you'll die too quickly with no defensive skills.
Nightblade/BD actualy can survive for a very long time when timing cooldowns. Many players also switch as soon as they notice a rogue is using shields. | {
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Mats Wilander, född 22 augusti 1964 i Torpsbruk, Kronobergs län, är en svensk tidigare professionell tennisspelare. Han var förbundskapten för det svenska Davis Cup-laget från 2002 till 2009, då han ersattes av Thomas Enqvist.
Mats Wilander räknas tillsammans med Björn Borg och Stefan Edberg som Sveriges genom tiderna främsta tennisspelare. Han rankades som världsetta i singel sammanlagt 20 veckor från september 1988 till januari 1989. År 1985 var han världstrea på rankinglistan för dubbel.
Under karriären vann Mats Wilander 33 singel- och sju dubbeltitlar. Tjugo av singeltitlarna vann han på grus. I Grand Slam (GS)- turneringar vann han sju titlar i singel och en i dubbel. Tre singeltitlar i Australiska öppna, tre singeltitlar i Franska öppna på grus och en dubbeltitel i Wimbledonmästerskapen på gräs samt en singeltitel i US Open på hard court vittnar om att Wilander behärskade alla typer av underlag. Han blev den ende spelaren som vann Australiska öppna både på gräs (två gånger) och på hard court. Hans bästa tävlingssäsong var 1988 då han vann tre Grand Slam-titlar samt Lipton Championships i Key Biscayne, USA. Han vann Swedish Open 1982, 1983 och 1985, den sista gången efter finalseger över Stefan Edberg. Han vann också Stockholm Open vid ett tillfälle (1983). Sin sista ATP-titel vann han 1990 i ATP Itaparica i Itaparica i Brasilien.
Mats Wilander upptogs 2002 i International Tennis Hall of Fame. Han var under höstsäsongen 2010 en av huvudgästerna i SVT:s Här är ditt liv.
Tenniskarriären
Mats Wilander blev professionell tennisspelare 1981 och blev samma år juniormästare i Franska öppna. Han vann inga ATP-titlar det året och slutade som nummer 69 på rankinglistan. Säsongen 1982 nådde han semifinalen i grusturneringen Italienska öppna som han dock förlorade mot Andres Gomez från Ecuador (Wilander vann den tävlingen 1987). I Franska öppnas herrsingeltävling senare på försommaren fick Wilander en mycket svår lottning och ställdes mot fjolårsfinalisten Ivan Lendl i fjärde omgången. Wilander genomförde dock en perfekt taktik med övervägande hårda långa drives mot tjeckens backhandsida, för att sedan utmanövrera honom med en plötslig drive på forehandsidan. Wilander vann matchen över fem set. I kvartsfinalen besegrade han amerikanen Vitas Gerulaitis och i semifinalen argentinaren José-Luis Clerc. I finalen mötte han storfavoriten Guillermo Vilas från Argentina. Wilander förlorade första set med 1-6, men bröt sedan tidigt i det andra setet Vilas serve. Vilas ändrade då taktik och började spela ett för honom mindre passande attackspel, medan Wilander fortsatte sitt lugna spel från baslinjen. Vilas blev utspelad i de följande tre seten, och Wilander tog därmed sin första GS-titel vid en ålder av 17 år och 9 månader, vilket då var rekord för den turneringen. Något som väckte stor beundran och förvåning var att Wilander i semifinalen begärde omspel av en matchboll som han vunnit, då han inte ville vinna på ett tveksamt domslut. För detta belönades han senare med Pierre de Coubertin Trophy. Vid årsskiftet rankades han som nummer sju i världen, och betraktades i Sverige som en värdig efterföljare till Björn Borg.
År 1983 var han åter uppe i final i Franska öppna, men han förlorade denna mot hemmaspelaren Yannick Noah i tre set. Det året vann han dock dåvarande grästurneringen Australiska öppna efter semifinalvinst över John McEnroe och finalvinst över Ivan Lendl. Segern över Lendl var den första av tre GS-finalvinster över honom. Vid årets slut rankades han som världsfyra. År 1984 behöll han sin titel i Australiska öppna och 1985 återerövrade han, genom sin andra finalseger över Ivan Lendl, sin singeltitel i Franska öppna. Han förlorade dock titeln i Australiska öppna till Stefan Edberg. Säsongerna 1986 och 1987 vann han inga singeltitlar i GS-turneringar. Däremot vann han 1986 tillsammans med Joakim Nyström herrdubbeltiteln i Wimbledonmästerskapen efter finalseger över det amerikanska paret G.W.Donnelly/Peter Fleming. Efter säsongen 1987, trots att han förlorade två GS-finaler under året, båda mot Ivan Lendl (Franska öppna och US Open), rankades han som världstvåa.
År 1988 vann han i januari Australiska öppna på den nya hard-courtanläggningen Melbourne Park på centercourten Rod Laver Arena. Han besegrade där hemmaspelaren Pat Cash. I juni vann han Franska öppna. Det tycktes nu vara inom räckhåll för Wilander att ta hem en "äkta Grand Slam" detta år. I Wimbledonmästerskapen blev han emellertid utslagen redan i kvartsfinalen av den tjeckiske spelaren Miloslav Mecir. I US Open tog Wilander ändå sin tredje GS-finalseger den säsongen efter en mycket jämn finalmatch mot världsettan Ivan Lendl, som varade i nära fem timmar. Efter denna tredje GS-seger över Lendl blev nu Wilander själv världsetta, en placering han länge eftersträvat.
Efter det enastående framgångsrika spelåret 1988, dalade Wilanders motivation och de stora framgångarna uteblev därefter, även om han fortsatte med tävlingsspel under flera år.
Mats Wilander drog sig definitivt tillbaka från aktivt tävlingsspel på ATP-touren 1996. Sedan 1998 spelar han på seniortouren, och har deltagit i det svenska laget i Nations Senior Cup, senast 2005 i Marbella, Spanien.
Davis Cup-spelaren
Mats Wilander deltog i det svenska Davis Cup (DC)-laget 1981–1990 och 1995. Han spelade totalt 61 matcher av vilka han vann 43. Hans mest kända insats i DC-sammanhang torde vara det "episka" mötet med John McEnroe 1982 i kvartsfinalen mot USA. Wilander förlorade den jämna och rekordlånga matchen som varade i över sex och en halv timmar med siffrorna 7–9, 2–6, 17–15, 6–3, 6–8 (bevittnat av bland andra Mats Strandberg som en allt hesare radiokommentator). Sverige förlorade det mötet, men tog revansch 1984. Laget, med Mats Wilander som ankare, mötte då USA i världsfinalen som spelades i Göteborg. Han besegrade Jimmy Connors (6–1, 6–3, 6–3), men förlorade åter en dock betydelselös match mot John McEnroe i tre set. Eftersom Henrik Sundström i sin match besegrade John McEnroe, och dubbellaget (Stefan Edberg/Anders Järryd) besegrade det amerikanska paret, vann Sverige hela matchen och därmed DC-titeln. Även 1985 och 1987 deltog Wilander i det svenska segrande laget, då med Tyskland och Indien som finalmotståndare. Sitt sista framträdande i DC-sammanhang som aktiv spelare gjorde Wilander 1995 i Las Vegas i semifinal mot USA. Wilander, som efter en någorlunda lyckad återkomst till tävlingstennisen låg runt 40-strecket på ATP:s världsranking, förlorade sina båda matcher mot Pete Sampras och Andre Agassi. I Wilanders match mot Sampras var Davis Cup-matchen redan avgjord, då USA hade ointagliga 3-1. Wilander tog dock matchen på allvar och förlorade mot Sampras efter att ha haft matchboll. Wilander var svensk Davis Cup-kapten 2002 till 2010.
Spelaren och personen
Redan som juniorspelare hade Mats Wilander en respektlös inställning till ofta namnkunnigare motståndare, vilket enligt hans fleråriga tränare (1981–1989), John-Anders Sjögren, var helt avgörande för hans framgångar som tennisspelare. Wilander uppvisade på banan lugn, koncentration och beslutsamhet, som sedan under hela karriären var hans kännetecken. Under senåret 1981 vistades Wilander tillsammans med övriga spelare i Davis Cup-laget, i Australien. Han fulländade där tekniken att slå kraftigt överskruvade (topspin) grundslag med både forehand och backhand. Det senare slaget slog han, liksom Björn Borg, med tvåhandsfattning. Liksom Borg föredrog han att spela grundslag vid baslinjen och attackerade ogärna framme vid nätet. I stället "matade" han outtröttligt med grundslag av god längd från bakplan som tvingade motståndaren till defensiv. Han hade också en mycket effektiv, ofta briljant spelad, offensiv lobb. Efter intensiva träningspass blev Wilanders spel från 1983 alltmer offensivt, han gick oftare på nät och spelade där en djup låg vinnande volley. Han utvecklade hela tiden sina slag, bland annat tillägnade han sig en effektiv skuren (slicad) backhand som han följde upp till nätposition. Hans serve förbättrades kontinuerligt. Enligt Sjögrens bedömning var han från 1986 en komplett tennisspelare, vars spel lämpade sig för såväl långsamt grusunderlag som snabbt gräs.
Wilander tilldelades Svenska Dagbladets guldmedalj 1982 efter sin sensationella seger vid Franska öppna. Mats Wilander fick motta Fair Play-priset 1983.
Wilander är gift med den Sydafrika-födda modellen Sonya Mulholland. Paret är bosatt i Hailey, Idaho, USA, och har barnen Emma, Karl, Erik och Oskar.
Wilander var i början av 2000-talet tränare för den ryske spelaren Marat Safin som vunnit US Open (2000) och Australiska öppna (2005).
Sedan 2007 har Wilander deltagit som expertkommentator i TV-programmet Game Set & Mats i Eurosport tillsammans med den brittiska tidigare tennisspelaren Annabel Croft.
Wilander upptogs 2003 i Swedish Tennis Hall of Fame.
Grand Slam-finaler, singel (11)
Titlar (7)
Finalförluster (4)
Grand Slam-titlar, dubbel
Wimbledonmästerskapen - 1986
Referenser
Källor
Bud Collins, Tennis encyclopedia, 1998, eds. Bud Collins and Zander Hollander. Visible Ink Press ().
Fotnoter
Externa länkar
Wilandertribute.com
Födda 1964
Svenska tennisspelare
Män
Levande personer
Sommarvärdar 2004
Svenska idrottare under 1900-talet
Personer från Moheda socken
Mottagare av Svenska Dagbladets guldmedalj
Mottagare av Hans Majestät Konungens medalj
Mottagare av Jerringpriset | {
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Commemorative silver coins (2011-2012)
3 rubles 2012 "The 100th anniversary of the State Museum of fine arts. A. S. Pushkin in Moscow"
Added by: Admin
Nominal: 3 rubles
Standard weight: 33,94 g
Ligature weidht: 31,1 g
Quality of performance: Proof
Mint: SPMD
Standart diameter: 39 mm
Standart thickness: 3,3 mm
Edge: 300 riffles
Metal sample: 925
Volume of issue: 5000
Standart weight: 33,94 g
Edge: 300 рифлений
Description of coin 3 rubles 2012 "The 100th anniversary of the State Museum of fine arts. A. S. Pushkin in Moscow":
Obverse:
in the center - the emblem of the Bank of Russia (double-headed eagle with the lowered wings, under it an inscription a semicircle "БАНК РОССИИ" framed by a circle of dots and inscriptions in a circle at the top: "ТРИ РУБЛЯ" bottom: left - the designation of precious metal and alloy samples in the center - date of issue "2012" on the right - the content of chemically pure metal and the trademark of the mint.
on the mirror field of the Central part of the coin - two columns, dividing it into three lumens, in the right light - colored fragment of a painting by Pablo Picasso "Girl on a ball", in the Central space between the columns - the relief image of the main facade of the building of the State Museum of fine arts. A. S. Pushkin in Moscow, in the left lumen of the ancient Egyptian sculpture of the priests of the God Amun Amenhotep and Ranna, at the top, the matte surface of the wall supported on columns, the following inscription: "100 ЛЕТ" under her palm, at the bottom of the disk segment on Matt, framed by the upper edge of the geometrical ornament is the inscription in three lines: "ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МУЗЕЙ ИЗОБРАЗИТЕЛЬНЫХ ИСКУССТВ ИМ. А.С. ПУШКИНА"
Artist: S. A. Kozlov.
The Sculptor: A. N. Bessonov.
Source: Bank Of Russia.
The coins presented in the photos are in the collections of their owners and are not sold
Information about other coins in denominations of 3 рубля:
1. Sergievo-Kazansky Cathedral, Kursk 3 rubles 2011
2. The 200th anniversary of Internal troops of the MIA of Russia 3 rubles 2011
3. 50 years first flight man in space 3 rubles 2011
4. 350th anniversary of the voluntary entering of Buryatiya into the Russian state 3 rubles 2011
5. Save our world. The Persian leopard 3 rubles 2011
6. 225th anniversary of the founding of the first Russian insurance companies 3 rubles 2011
7. The 20th anniversary of the Commonwealth of Independent States 3 rubles 2011
8. The kopeckenary of Foundation of the Russian Olympic Committee 3 rubles 2011
9. The international coin program of the countries-members of EurAsEC. The world of our children 3 rubles 2011
10. The international coin program of the countries-members of EurAsEC. The great silk road 3 rubles 2011
11. 170 years of Sberbank 3 rubles 2011
12. The year of Spain in Russia and Year of Russia in Spain 3 rubles 2011
13. The Cathedral of virgin's Nativity, Vladimir region 3 rubles 2012
14. The 300th anniversary of the beginning the governmental arms production in Tula 3 rubles 2012
15. The 200th anniversary of Russia's victory in Patriotic war of 1812 3 rubles 2012
16. The international coin program of the countries-members of EurAsEC. Wrangel Island 3 rubles 2012
17. Lunar calendar. Dragon (year on the obverse - 2012) 3 rubles
18. The 400th anniversary people's voluntary corps headed by Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky 3 rubles 2012
19. The international coin program of the countries-members of EurAsEC. Church of the ascension in Kolo 3 rubles 2012
20. Seasons of the Russian language. and lit. in the French Republic and the French language. and lit. 3 rubles 2012
21. Championship of Europe on judo in Chelyabinsk 3 rubles 2012
22. The 1150th anniversary of Russian statehood 3 rubles 2012
23. 1000th anniversary of unity of Mordovian people with peoples of the Russian state 3 rubles 2012
24. The architectural ensemble of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of Belozersk 3 rubles 2012
25. The kolotsky assumption monastery, Mozhaisk district of Moscow region 3 rubles 2012
26. The Luzhetsky Ferapontov monastery, the town of Mozhaisk, Moscow region 3 rubles 2012
27. 100 years of Military Air forces 3 rubles 2012
28. The temple of Sanctifier Martin the Confessor, Moscow 3 rubles 2012
29. Lunar calendar. Snake (year on the obverse - "2013") 3 rubles
31. The XXII Winter Olympic games 2014 in Sochi. Biathlon 3 rubles
32. The XXII Winter Olympic games 2014 in Sochi. Skiing 3 rubles
33. The XXII Winter Olympic games 2014 in Sochi. Figure skating 3 rubles
34. The XXII Winter Olympic games 2014 in Sochi. Hockey 3 rubles
35. The XXII Winter Olympic games 2014 in Sochi. Skeleton 3 rubles
36. The XXII Olympic winter games 2014 in Sochi. Freestyle. 3 rubles
37. The XXII Winter Olympic games 2014 in Sochi. Jumping on the ski jumping 3 rubles
38. The XXII Winter Olympic games 2014 in Sochi. Snowboard 3 rubles
The periods of issue of the coin
Coins of modern Russia
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Translated from the russian language service "Yandex.Translator» - translate.yandex.ru
Now on the website
Random photos:
1 kopeck 2004 (M)
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Modern coins
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Grand Rapids bungalows were the new modern popular style in the early 1900's. They come in a variety of styles and sizes and are found in neighborhoods across the greater metropolitan area. Follow the link about to read more. | {
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On June 9, a tragedy occurred that shocked the entire community. The next day many of us were outraged and appalled by a totally inappropriate account of those events.
What was already a devastating situation for my kids was made even worse by the release of unnecessary, graphic details. I wonder, just how far the media will go before they feel they have done their job of informing the public. And, when did "The People's Right To Know" become more important than the people themselves?
For some, this is not just a headline, a story on the news, or a punch-line. This is reality, and it doesn't go away when they put down the paper, turn the TV channel, or change the radio station.
We live in a society than can be cruel enough to deal with, as an adult. And, it's almost impossible to imagine just how much harder the harsh words, and stereotypes are for our children to face. As parents, we try to protect our children. We struggle to provide for them. We always try to shield them from pain.
I don't expect anyone to understand what these boys are going through. I am simply asking people to treat them with kindness, and the respect they deserve. And, I have faith that with the support of family and friends, they will. Find the strength to get through this terrible time.
For everyone who has already offered and given so much love and support, thanks just doesn't seem to be a big enough word. And, I hope that people everywhere will continue to keep everyone affected by this tragedy in their thoughts and in their prayers. | {
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Sen. Heineken Lokpobiri, the Minister of State for Agriculture and Rural Development, made the appeal at a symposium to mark the 2018 World Food Day celebration in Abuja on Thursday.
The minister noted that the Federal Government in an effort to reduce hunger had increased its budgetary allocation to the Nigeria Agricultural Seed Council (NASC), Federal Universities of Agriculture and research institutes to achieve the target.
"If we are able to achieve self-sufficiency in Nigeria, we would have solved the hunger and malnutrition problems in Africa.
"Every government must be involved in this food revolution," Lokpobiri said.
Also speaking, Mr Suffyan Koroma, the Country Representative, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), said that the aim of the World Food Day was to bring stakeholders together to communicate the importance of food security, nutrition as well as sustainable and resilient agriculture.
"The private sector should commit to the elimination of food waste, source raw materials locally and be resource efficient.
"Farmers and smallholders should promote gender equality and manage natural resources sustainably and efficiently," Koroma said.
Another guest lecturer, Prof. Johnson Onyibe, the National Agricultural Extension Research and Liaison Services (NAERLS), Zaria, called for the establishment of an Agriculture Trust Fund (ATF).
The Country Director, ActionAid Nigeria, Mrs Ene Obi, expressed regret over the increasing decline of extension services in the country.
"As we are thinking of zero hunger, we should remember our agriculture extension workers," she said.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that this year's World Food Day has the theme, "Our Actions Are our Future: A Zero Hunger World by 2030 is Possible".
Borno Showcase Agricultural Potential With Launch Of Rice Pyramids. | {
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Never Again Is Now is a documentary about the troubling rise of anti-Semitism in Europe, the US and elsewhere. The story is told through the eyes of Evelyn Markus, a Dutch Jewish woman, against the backdrop of her parents' Holocaust history.
Support Evelyn's mission to alert and educate as many people as possible about today's rising global antisemitism through screenings, a wide distribution of the documentary, and a social media movement. | {
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NH Rural Hospital Labs Connecting Via Internet
New Hampshire Rural Health Coalition ready to deliver added-value to lab users
| From the Volume VII No. 4 - March 6, 2000 Issue
Being the Biggest Doesn't Guarantee Success
Academic Hospital Lab Raises Competitive Bar
CEO SUMMARY: Expect the Internet to be a tool for leveling the competitive playing field. Ten rural hospital labs in New Hampshire are now connecting their labs and their outreach physician office clients with a Web-based lab test ordering and results reporting system. The goal is to increase shared testing of lab work among members, consolidate lab test reporting, and establish electronic links with outreach clients.
RURAL HOSPITAL LABS don't intend to miss the Internet gold rush. In New Hampshire, a ten-hospital lab consortium is preparing to install Web-based lab test ordering and results reporting into its first sites.
Known as the Clinical Laboratory Alliance (CLA) of the New Hampshire Rural Health Coalition (NHRHC), its membership is limited to rural hospitals of less than 100 beds.
"Our group is on the brink of a major breakthrough," stated Robert Ryan, Laboratory Director at Speare Memorial Hospital in Plymouth, New Hampshire. "Just a few months ago, we succeeded in getting our hospital administrators to understand the economics of our proposals and decide to support our efforts.
"Once we obtained the commitment of our administrators," he added, "we began making speedy progress on several business objectives, including using the Internet to connect our laboratories."
Ryan says the laboratory alliance has three main goals. "First and foremost, we want to drive down our cost per reportable," he noted. "Since rural hospital labs don't have the specimen volumes found in larger hospital labs, we knew that we had to work together to achieve this goal.
"Second, we are doing test bidding among ourselves," Ryan continued. "It makes sense to maximize the amount of testing which stays in our region.
"Third, we want to link our laboratories electronically," he said. "This allows us to share many resources, develop a consolidated laboratory test report, and provide the information system platform to electronically link our member laboratories with their physician outreach clients."
Ambitious Goals
Those are ambitious goals for any urban regional laboratory network, but Ryan believes the CLA is up to the challenge. "Over the years, our lab directors have regularly met to explore ways of working together. As the trust between us increased, these meetings led to several shared lab projects," he explained.
"For example, we organized a shared courier service between our hospitals and labs," explained Ryan. "We've already established the foundation for laboratory standardization by standardizing some of our instruments under a contract with Beckman Coulter.
"We showed our hospital administrators how these initiatives saved money," he said. "We provided them with our business plan projections for the CLA. Once they understood the numbers and realized that enhanced lab services would benefit each hospital and its patients, the administrators gave us their blessing and support."
Ryan says having the support of the administrators makes a big difference. "In earlier years, we made proposals to our hospitals in a somewhat piecemeal fashion," he explained. "This time, we presented them with a comprehensive business plan. It laid out all our objectives, the money and resources required, and the type of benefits that would result.
Selection Of Reference Lab
"Our business plan was helped by the fact that we had already gone through an RFP process for a reference laboratory partner to CLA," added Ryan. "The reference lab partner we selected is providing a variety of support services to CLA. It also helped us develop a convincing business plan that administrators felt confident in approving."
One CLA business strategy is to use the business expertise of its reference laboratory partner. "Since our hospitals are all less than 100 beds, we have limited capital and management resources to devote to this lab network," stated Ryan. "Thus, we needed to tap every available source of management know-how and help available to us.
"In particular, CLA doesn't have much money available to fund CPU-to-CPU links between our ten hospital labs, let alone establish direct electronic links with each lab's outreach physician office clients," continued Ryan. "Most laboratorians know that anything involving LIS software is expensive and time-consuming.
New Internet Technology
"However, new Internet technology changes this economic equation," he noted. "We recognized that a Web-based connection between our hospitals and doctors' offices was the most cost-effective and feasible way for us to achieve this goal.
"That was one reason that we decided to select Specialty Laboratories of Santa Monica as our reference laboratory partner," explained Ryan. "We liked their Web- based information system, which is called DataPassportMD™.
"We also liked how Specialty was willing to accommodate our particular business needs as a laboratory network," he added. "After all, our ten hospitals are pretty far apart and there's a lot of empty country here in upstate New Hampshire. We estimate a total population in our service area of about 350,000 people. Moreover, population growth is slow, averaging 1% to 3% per year."
CLA's first Web-based CPU is being installed at Lakes Region General Hospital in Laconia. "We are in the midst of competitive bidding among ourselves," said Ryan. "Lakes will be one of the facilities taking in testing from CLA. It will act as the server site for CLA's test dictionary and results.
Web-based Links To Labs
"Once our Web-based system is installed at Lakes, the other CLA sites can implement the Web-based software provided by Specialty and begin connecting it to other CLA hospital labs and their own outreach clients."
One interesting aspect to CLA's lab network is that AmeriNet will act as the messenger in evaluating the bids and offers for testing done among CLA members. "We were pleasantly surprised that AmeriNet was willing to provide this service for our labs," mused Ryan. "They have solid experience with this function and we consider it another plus for our business plan."
CLA will not initially incorporate as a limited liability corporation (LLC). "NHRHC is the umbrella business organization," explained Ryan. "For six years, the various hospital members of NHRHC conducted business through this entity. So it will be our parent.
"CLA's governing body is a steering committee made up of all ten member hospital labs," he added. "Because we've been meeting for such a long time, there is trust and mutual respect among this group of charter members to CLA. But we are feeling our way. The lab network does require us to give up some independence and control, and we certainly don't know what to expect when we admit new lab members."
Prospective New Members
Ryan disclosed that news of the rapid progress at CLA has already caught the interest of other rural hospital labs. "Although many aspects of our lab network are in an embryonic stage, once we solidified our business plan and got the support of our hospital administrators, it caused other rural hospital labs to sit up and notice," he said.
"Since December, we've had one hospital lab ask to join the network," continued Ryan. "There's another hospital lab that's expressed interest. As we get our service infrastructure installed, we expect that several other hospital labs in this region will want to become part of CLA."
One specific goal of CLA is to develop the outreach testing done by its member hospital labs. "Each of our ten members has an existing outreach program," stated Ryan. "CLA intends to create a uniform laboratory 'brand' for our members.
"CLA will provide literature and a common test catalog. We also intend to hire a sales and marketing rep, a first for this rural area, who will travel throughout our service region and develop outreach business for our CLA hospital labs," he explained. "Building outreach business for our members is a major goal for CLA."
Clinical Laboratory Alliance represents a good example of how rural hospitals laboratories can use the regional laboratory network business model to pursue aggressive goals.
Despite their somewhat remote location in the northern part of New Hampshire, these ten hospital laboratories have built the trust, and the business foundation, to pursue the market opportunities.
CLA's first initiative is to create the information system linkages. These will give it the capability to provide more sophisticated information services between its member labs, as well as its outreach clients. CLA accurately perceives that lab information will be its added-value competitive advantage in the marketplace.
CLA's business priorities demonstrate how the Internet makes it economical for all sizes of laboratories to offer competitive services…
The relatively inexpensive costs associated with installing and operating thin client/Web-browser based lab links make it affordable for CLA, as a regional lab network, to actually implement this as a first priority.
THE DARK REPORT observes that CLA's business priorities demonstrate how the Internet makes it economical for all sizes of laboratories to offer competitive services in the healthcare marketplace.
Of equal importance, CLA also demonstrates that rural hospitals can profit from opportunities in their service area, if they will band together and combine resources.
Tags: aco, cap, clinical lab, Clinical Laboratory, competitive bid, dark report, hie, hospital laboratories, lab information, lab service, lab services, lab test, lab work, laboratories, laboratory director, laboratory standard, laboratory test, lis software, specialty lab, specialty laboratories, the dark report, the laboratory
Volume VII No. 4 – March 6, 2000
WellPoint Health Networks Offers To Buy Aetna For $10.5 Billion
AmeriPath Pursues Ambitious Strategy Of Rapid Expansion
Park City Solutions, DIANON, IMPATH American Med Labs, Cytyc, TriPath Imaging
Quest Diagnostics Announces Plans for St. Louis, Chicago Labs
"March 6, 2000 Intelligence: Late Breaking Lab News" | {
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24 April 2020 | Our People
Proud of our Team
We want to give a shout out to all our team at IDR Law who, as always, are working hard and continue to deliver a first class service to our clients.
All our team regularly receive lovely feedback, but this week, I'd like to highlight the work of one particular member of IDR Law, Chloe Healeas. In past week alone, three testimonials from happy clients have come through recognising the fantastic work Chloe does. This feedback is really appreciated as are the efforts Chloe puts into her work, and her care for our clients.
'I wanted to take the opportunity to thank you and the whole team for all the hard work you did on my case and for helping me get closure after so many years. Your help is very deeply appreciated and my experience working with IDR Law has been nothing but a positive one.' AR
This is why we do what we do. Disputes involving inheritance can be deeply upsetting, especially when they can go on for many years. At IDR Law we work to resolve disputes as quickly and painlessly as possible so people can move forward with their lives.
Chloe met and worked with Martin Holdsworth a few years ago while on work experience. She joined IDR Law as a paralegal in September 2019, having graduated from The University of Leeds with a first class honours Law degree. We're currently supporting her through her LPC and Masters at the University of Law.
Before her work experience in Contentious Probate, Chloe admits she 'didn't know that area of law existed' and had seen herself going into family Law. However, having experienced other areas of Law, Chloe realised the area of Contentious Probate was where she wanted to be. That was fantastic news for us too!
Chloe loves working in a firm where she feels like part of the family rather than becoming lost in a huge city firm, which she'd been apprehensive about during her undergraduate years.
At IDR Law, we're very proud of the work from Chloe, and from our whole team.
IDR Law is an approachable, boutique firm and the only one in the country dealing solely with inheritance dispute resolution. Whether you're a law firm, or an individual who feels they would benefit from our expertise, get in touch here, email us at [email protected] or call on 01423 637050. | {
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How journalists are managing the difficult task of covering Japan's response to the epidemic
RICHARD ATRERO DE GUZMAN
We live and work in interesting times. Obviously, for members of the media profession, to be in the thick of a story from its very early stages and then to follow the personal stories and the political maneuvering, or to chronicle the ramifications for companies and sectors through to their conclusions, is why we get into this business.
The coronavirus pandemic is different, however, because we're not dispassionate observers and the job description means that we have to take arguably more risks than the average citizen going about their everyday life.
So just as in March 2011, when the earthquake off northeast Japan triggered a tsunami that devastated a swathe of Tohoku and set off a nuclear crisis, we are once again in the middle of the story.
In late December, the likelihood of a global pandemic that would infect close to three million people, so far, and kill more than 200,000 [both figures at press time] was unthinkable. There were sketchy reports of an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan of a previously unknown strain of a virus with similarities to the flu, but conventional wisdom was that it was nothing to be overly alarmed about.
Four months later, tens of millions of people are under lockdown and more people will die, from Boston to Barcelona to Beijing, before this thing has run its course. Reporting the coronavirus crisis has been, correspondents concur, "challenging."
"The first piece I wrote was on Jan. 29 and it was a short story about how people should protect themselves from this virus that was emerging in Wuhan," said Justin McCurry, correspondent for The Guardian. "But it all seemed very distant at that point."
YOSHIKAZU TSUNO
EVEN UP UNTIL THE first cases were reported aboard the Diamond Princess cruise ship on Feb. 4, "My colleagues in London were still talking about this as if it was a north-east Asia problem as there had been only a couple of cases reported in the UK by that point, so they sent me a few masks," McCurry said. "But then within a very short space of time it was a serious matter in Europe as well.
For McCurry and many other correspondents, the Diamond Princess became ground zero for coverage. "When it was a story about middle aged, middle class British tourists trapped on a cruise ship, then the story took off," he said.
Social media and modern technology meant it was possible to reach passengers who were in quarantine, which was what news desks were demanding, and it was a story within an evolving narrative that made consistent and compelling copy for weeks on end."It was something we could keep going back to and to hear how conditions on board were deteriorating, to see how people were going about sitting the thing out, to see their growing frustrations," said McCurry, who estimates he has written nearly 90 stories or contributions to rolling news blogs on the virus for The Guardian.
Abby Leonard also contributed her first coronavirus story on Jan. 29, when Japan began evacuating its citizens from Wuhan, and is reporting for National Public Radio in the US and Time magazine. The Diamond Princess was an important part of the larger story, primarily because there were so many US nationals on board and such "drama" about getting them home, she said, but the agenda has moved on significantly.
"There's so much news about this in the US now, it's harder to get anyone interested in what's happening in Japan," she said. "At the beginning, I think coronavirus felt like an Asian story to assignment editors, so we were well positioned here in Japan. But, of course, that changed," she said. "In recent days though, with the uptick in cases, there's slightly more interest in whether it really takes a turn for the worse and how the Japanese government deals with that."
EDITORS ARE NOW LOOKING for stories with parallels to what the US is likely to experience in the weeks ahead, coverage of second wave infections, economic stories and how the government is managing or mismanaging the lockdown.
"The lack of information and questionable data are big challenges, and trying to put the numbers in context for a US audience is hard when you're not comparing apples to apples as far as testing rates and other metrics," said Leonard, who also has an added layer of complication to her job.
"It's been hard," she admits. "I have a 4 year old, a 2 yearold and one on the way, so it's nearly impossible to do anything when they're around," she said. "And their school has been closed since the beginning of March.
"AT THE BEGINNING, I THINK CORONAVIRUS FELT LIKE AN ASIAN STORY TO ASSIGNMENT EDITORS, SO WE WERE WELL-POSITIONED HERE IN JAPAN. BUT, OF COURSE, THAT CHANGED"
"A lot of my work is radio reporting, which I record and edit at home," she said. "I have let my 4-year-old son listen in on some of my recording sessions because he's really curious about what I'm doing, but it's hard for him to stay quiet for long stretches, so that's meant I have to do twice as many takes to get something usable. That can be frustrating probably for both of us.
YOICHI YABE
Coronavirus ins and outs
Opposite: An empty departure lounge at Tokyo's Haneda airport on March 18, after a number of flight cancellations. Above: Pubs and restaurants organize outside eating and takeaways on April 11 to stay in business during lockdown.
Drini Kakuchi writes for the UK-based University World News and has been able to concentrate on longer reads, looking at the impact of the virus on the tertiary education sector in Japan. She says the biggest hurdle has been obtaining information.
"I have built up really good relationships with health experts, and that has meant that they have always been able to find time to speak with me, even if I call at midnight, so I really appreciate that," she said. "The problem has been company and business officials, bureaucrats, PR people who don't want to say anything in case it appears that they're not doing enough for their students."
KATHRYN WORTLEY, WHO REPORTS for Singapore based TTG Asia, has had similar issues with recalcitrant spokespeople and government officials, making it difficult to get a firm grasp of the situation facing travel companies and the broader tourist sector in Japan. "I've definitely been given the run around when I contact organizations or companies because they're not happy to comment on what is still an unfolding situation," she said. "It's often hard [in normal times] to get officials, even PR people, to give you an answer to something that's fairly easy, so it's a hundred times worse now."
The best way of overcoming that hurdle, she has learned, is to cultivate as many new contacts as possible, get existing contacts to put in a good word with someone else in the industry who might otherwise be leery about speaking to an unknown foreign reporter and "just keep on my toes."
Abby Leonard says that in the same way that March 2011 taught us lessons we never knew we needed previously, the early months of 2020 are demonstrating a whole new set of needs both in terms of journalists trying to do their jobs and society's need for the media to fulfill its duty.
"There is a need to question authority and push for more government transparency; [to accept] that explanatory journalism is hard and ecessary that it's important to have experienced foreign journalists in Japan to help explain what is really going on, on the ground," she said. "Also, that quality, available childcare is essential, and we need to find innovative ways to support working parents in times of crisis."
I, PERSONALLY, WOULD ECHO all these comments but I'm still finding it difficult to get my head around how unangry the Japanese public and media are at the situation the nation finds itself in. The Telegraph is a solidly conservative newspaper that was firmly in Boris Johnson's corner in last year's election, but it has still been sharply critical of mistakes and mismanagement in his administration's response to the coronavirus crisis in the UK. And rightly so.
But here, the front pages of the papers and the television coverage merely seem to parrot the government line. Where are the angry opeds asking why just 11 percent of deaths merit autopsies and why, therefore, it appears that people who may have died of coronavirus are being listed as having succumbed to pneumonia? Why no outrage over the shortage of protective kits for emergency staff, hospitals turning away people who are clearly ill and, most obvious of all, the failure to test more than a fraction of the people?
After March 2011 and the failures that disaster laid bare in the way that the government talked down to the public and the media reinforced rather than rebutted that message, I had hopes that things might change in Japan. By the time the statistics on pneumonia deaths in the early months of 2020 are released five months later, we are being told any anger that might have resulted from inexplicably sharp spikes in the fatalities will have already dissipated.
So Japan moves on to the next crisis no better prepared and its politicians held no more accountable for their action or inaction than before. And we're left to live in hope.
Julian Ryall is Japan correspondent for The Daily Telegraph. | {
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High quality sterling plated bracelet chain.
8 inch bracelet that fits great on anyone.
Sterling plated pendant with a custom hardened resin insert to show the highest quality color vibrance in your bracelet possible. | {
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Doris Taylor, 89, passed from this life Thursday, September 21, 2017 at MS Baptist Medical Center in Jackson.
Graveside services will be held at 2:00pm, Saturday, September 23, 2017, in the Bethesda Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Edwards.
Doris was a long-time member of the Cayuga Methodist Church. A retired LPN, she worked for more than 20 years at the Boswell Regional Center. A loving mother and grandmother, her family was her life, and she delighted in spending time with them.
Survivors include sons, John R. Taylor, Jr. (Jill), Larry W. Taylor (Jean), and David M. Taylor (Sonya); sister, Maxine Boldebook (Clyde); brother, Bernard E. Strong (Louise); grandchildren, John R. Taylor, III, Jocelyn White, Jeremy Taylor, Wayne Taylor, Brad Taylor, David Taylor and Misty Parker; great-grandchildren, Hayley Taylor, Tony Beckham, Colson White, Riley Taylor, Marissa Taylor, Justin Taylor, Landon Taylor, Jayden Taylor, Blake Taylor, Kaden Brackett, Austin Brackett, and Zack Vinzant; and 4 great-great-grandchildren; and special friend, Dawn Taylor.
Memorials may be made to the cemetery fund of the Bethesda Presbyterian Church, c/o M.J. Hubbard, 785 Beechwood Rd., Vicksburg, MS 39183. | {
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L'ADS-B: integration of the system onto a drone to locate it in real time.
The mission of the ADS-B transponder is to enable the detection of drones which could potentially be used for malevolent purposes.
Compatible with many air traffic control systems, this development provides an avenue for efficiently responding to fears arising from the growing numbers of drones in the sky.
Our team of engineers are on hand and ready to respond to any particular request or for more information on the ADS-B transponder. | {
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Cornell College's 5-foot-1 Daniel Abesames-Hammer proves heart and determination can overcome size to play college football
At 5-foot-1, 125 pounds, Abesames-Jammer averages 4.2 yards per touch for Rams
Oct. 29, 2021 6:35 pm, Updated: Oct. 30, 2021 2:34 pm
Cornell College sophomore Daniel Abesames-Hammer stands on the sideline during a game earlier this season. At 5-foot-1, 125-pounds, he has contributed at running back for the Rams. (Courtesy of Cornell Sports Information)
MOUNT VERNON — Some high school teammates didn't believe in him. He even doubted himself briefly.
Daniel Abesames-Hammer questioned whether he would get a chance to continue his football career as a 5-foot-1, 125-pound skill player, but his goal started to come into focus when University of Puget Sound (Wash.) showed interest.
"I got my first (NCAA Division)-III offer and that opened my mind and eyes to having the opportunity to play college football," Abesames-Hammer said. "I've had supporters that out-weighed the haters. They really pushed me to better myself and my craft just so I can use my height as an advantage instead of a weakness."
Cornell College was the second of three schools to provide him a chance and Abesames-Hammer capitalized on it, trading the hustle of San Francisco for small-town life. The sophomore running back turned wide receiver back to ball carrier has developed into a contributor for the Rams in a sport that places a premium on size and strength.
"Cornell provided more of an opportunity," said Abesames-Hammer, who also received an offer to play by University of La Verne (Calif). "They proved they really wanted me there.
"I didn't fit in at the start. Everyone is family now, even people I never expected I would be friends with."
Abesames-Hammer said he has always been the smaller guy and different than his football colleagues. He decided to focus on his own strengths instead of how they vary from others. His heart and desire complemented the characteristics that came with his smaller frame.
"I don't find my height and weight to be detrimental," Abesames-Hammer said. "I try to use it to the best of my ability. Just being the quickest and most agile on the field, making people miss.
"I use being short as a plus instead of a negative. It does have its negatives. It is hard to block somebody at 125 pounds, which I'm working on that. I try to find the positives in it."
One of his staunchest supporters was his mom. It took effort and negotiating to persuade her to let him play, but the tough-minded matriarch has been a devoted fan.
"My mom was a real big supporter," Abesames-Hammer said. "She's short, too. She understands.
"She teases me and makes fun of me but she knows I make my quickness and small stature as an advantage."
Jefferson Coach Sergio Portela Jr. had an impact on Abesames-Hammer. He was tough on him. Abesames-Hammer said his coach recognized his potential and pushed him to be his best.
"He helped me develop my skills," Abesames-Hammer said. "He taught me a lot of things I still use to this day. He was a really good influence and knew how to use my size."
Abesames-Hammer earned touches in five of seven games this season. He averages 4.2 yards per touch, amassing 105 total offensive yards on 24 rushes and one reception. Abesames-Hammer actually posted a team-high 58 rushing yards against University of Chicago, which is third in the Midwest Conference standings.
The effort was highlighted by a 32-yard run where he slipped by a couple tacklers. He showed some power, remaining on his feet after contact.
"The taller linemen and linebackers don't have a good opportunity to tackle me easily just because of how low I am," Abesames-Hammer said. "It was proven by my run against Chicago when their 6-foot-6 safety tried to tackle me. He was trying to tackle me too high and we saw how that went."
The Rams (2-5, 2-4 MWC) host Illinois College (2-5, 2-4) Saturday at Van Metre Field of Ash Park. Abesames-Hammer will likely get touches as the smallest guy on the field. He has worked hard to get to this point and has advice for anyone told they are too small, too slow, too weak or just not capable to achieve their goal.
"Don't try to be someone else," Abesames-Hammer said. "Take pride in what you have and who you are. Build your craft. Just be you."
Cornell Rams
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Fairmount Assists Agilux in Deal with Charles River Labs
September 29, 2016 · by pembree
WILMINGTON, MA – September 28, 2016 – Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. (NYSE: CRL) announced today that it has acquired Agilux Laboratories, Inc., a Worcester, Massachusetts-based contract research organization (CRO), that provides a suite of integrated discovery small and large molecule bioanalytical services, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) services, and pharmacology services. The company's unique combination of early-stage services enhances the flexibility and speed of its biopharmaceutical clients' lead identification, optimization, and candidate selection efforts. Agilux was acquired from a holding company controlled by the company's founders and Ampersand Capital Partners, its only institutional investor.
The addition of Agilux's integrated discovery capabilities is complementary to Charles River's existing nonclinical portfolio. Providing a more comprehensive service offering will improve the efficiency of clients' early-stage research efforts by enabling them to seamlessly transition their drug candidates through the discovery and safety assessment process. Charles River believes that the acquisition of Agilux enhances its ability to work with clients earlier in the drug research process, and maintain the relationship as molecules progress through nonclinical development.
James C. Foster, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Charles River said, "The acquisition of Agilux Laboratories supports Charles River's strategy to offer clients a broader, integrated portfolio that enables them to work with us continuously from the earliest stages of drug research through the nonclinical development process. Agilux reinforces the linkage between our discovery and safety assessment capabilities, and provides clients with a comprehensive testing solution that spans their discovery and regulated drug development needs. We expect to leverage Agilux's strong client relationships in the Boston-Cambridge biohub, one of the most significant concentrations of medical research in the world, and expand the reach of its discovery bioanalytical services offering to Charles River's global client base."
Fairmount Partners assisted Agilux in the transaction that culminated in the sale. Neal McCarthy, Managing Director of Fairmount Partners said, "Agilux was founded by Jim Jersey, Steve Guyan and Peter Glick, with funding from Ampersand, to be a focused drug discovery lab. We watched the Agilux team established themselves as a leader in discovery bioanalytical services, and then judiciously add a complementary package of additional lab and discovery services, while expanding their diverse and loyal client base. With Charles River Lab's leadership and successful acquisition program in drug discovery services, they are the perfect strategic fit, and we were pleased to play a role in helping these two great companies come together. This is our fourth transaction with an Ampersand-funded business, and a pleasure to work with them on another successful project. This is also our third deal with the CRL team, and they were once again superb.
Financial and Transaction Details:
The purchase price was approximately $64 million in cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments. Agilux is expected to generate full-year revenue of $27 million in 2016. The acquisition is expected to be neutral to Charles River's non-GAAP earnings per share in the fourth quarter of 2016, and be slightly accretive to non-GAAP earnings per share in 2017. Items excluded from non-GAAP earnings per share are expected to include all acquisition-related costs, which primarily include amortization of intangible assets, transaction costs, and certain third-party integration costs.
Agilux will be reported as part of Charles River's Discovery and Safety Assessment (DSA) segment.
About Charles River Laboratories, Inc.
Charles River Laboratories, Inc. is an American corporation specializing in a variety of pre-clinical and clinical laboratory services for the pharmaceutical, medical device and biotechnology industries. [1] It also supplies assorted biomedical products and research and development outsourcing services for use in the pharmaceutical industry. According to its website, its customers include every major pharmaceutical and biotechnology company in the world, major academic institutions and government research centers. The company was initiated during 1947. The chief executive officer is James C. Foster. With more than 8,500 employees, the company has facilities in Canada, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, China, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
About Agilux Laboratories
Agilux Laboratories, Inc. is a contract research organization (CRO) focused on bioanalytical and PK/PD testing services for the biotech and pharmaceutical industries. Leveraging industry and contract experience of its management team, the company delivers high quality bioanalytical chemistry and PK/PD data more rapidly. Agilux helps clients make better decisions during drug discovery and development by providing quality data earlier in the research process by using technologies and systems that increase turnaround speed well beyond industry standards. Founded in 2007 by industry experts Jim Jersey, Steve Guyan and Peter Glick, Agilux is headquartered in Worcester, MA and was funded by private equity firm, Ampersand Capital Partners.
Based in Philadelphia, Fairmount Partners is the leading investment banker worldwide for pharmaceutical, device and related services businesses. Fairmount provides merger and acquisitions advisory services, and assists companies to raise funding for acquisitions, growth and liquidity. Fairmount's Pharmaceutical Services Group has assisted clients to complete over 110 transactions in 18 countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia and Australia.
Principals of Fairmount Partners acted as advisors to Agilux Laboratories in this transaction.
Neal McCarthy
Further information is available at www.fairmountpartners.com
« Fairmount Partners Assists ICON in their Acquisition of Clinical Research Management, Inc.
Fairmount Partners Advises Electro-Science Laboratories, Inc. and Agmet Limited in their Acquisition by Ferro » | {
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What is composite clamp carbon cloth Filter?
Natural coconut shell activated carbon has large specific surface area and high strength, uniform particle size, well developed pore structure and strong adsorption performance. It can quickly capture decomposition formaldehyde, toluene TVOCs and other harmful gases.
Why use composite clamp carbon cloth Filter?
Firstly , particles with smaller diameters can be wrapped between the HEPA filter and the support layer, its has larger contact area to the air and its adsorption effect on pollutants like formaldehyde are more remarkable. The filter resistance is lower than the common HEPA + Activated Carbon Filter.
Secondly, composite clamp carbon cloth Filter can effective filter harmful particulate matter, formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds as small as 20 nano meters and PM2.5, at the same time, it has high efficiency filtration of various allergens and common bacterial viruses.
The weight of this double filter is about 800g, relatively light.
The inner inter layer is made of functional particles processed by special technology, the surface is filled with tiny pores.Compared with the commonly used coal carbon materials in the industry, its safety and high efficiency will not produce dust, furthermore, after processing, the functional particles have high surface area, which increases the Increased Chemical adsorption and catalysis. At the same time, it can catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds in air and convert them to CO2 and H2O, so as to solve the pollution problem fundamentally and avoid the secondary pollution of formaldehyde caused by adsorption saturation. Therefore, the CCM value of this composite filter is higher. | {
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Services | Wrought iron manufacturer - Aquairon Ltd.
The many years of experience have perfected the working process and have gained us vast amounts of information. We have a highly qualified construction team which is capable to manufacture the most complexed ornaments such as wrought iron double spiral. Over the years we began to expand our services. We can produce all kinds of steel, brass and stainless steel structures and decorative ornaments of non-ferrous metals. For this purpose AQUAIRON LTD owns well equipped manufacturing facilities, located in Varna's industrial zone.
Each customer could be advised and offered various ideas in order to achieve uniqueness of the finished product.
AQUAIRON LTD has realized many successful replica projects of architectu ral examples from past centuries. We have many years of experience in design, construction and management of the whole construction process of restaurants, discos, pastry shops, pavilions and other trade facilities. | {
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It started raining late Saturday night. There is a feeling that comes over me when the first real rain of the season arrives. It wakes me from my warm weather slumber and as I hit the cold, damp air, I become alive.
In Northern California, fall comes late. I pine for blustery days with their stormy, gusty winds that blow wild and turbulent. When they finally come I am at peace. My soul fills and I rise up. And I run to the kitchen full of enthusiasm, ready to make the hearty winter fare that it has been for months, too substantial to eat.
I realize I am a bit odd. I realize that most people find their beauty in warm, sunny days with brilliant blue skies. But for me, the sunshine and the colors it alights can be loud, almost jarring at times. The grey muted colors of fall and winter, the heavy blankets of fog or snow, they bring a quiet peacefulness that I love.
This Leek Polenta with Thyme, Roasted Mushrooms and a Savory Cheezy Cashew Sauce is the perfect recipe for cold fall nights. Roast your mushrooms ahead of time and this dish will come together quickly.
The cheezy cashew sauce is stirred into the polenta along with the thyme and leeks at the end of cooking. The addition of the sauce turns regular polenta into a rich, flavorful dish. The added mushrooms bring a hearty, filling, flavor-filled bite to the dish. You can substitute your favorite mushrooms if you can't get Chanterelles but they are in season right now and are delicious!
When choosing chanterelles, look for golden color with no slimy, dark or decaying parts.
To clean chanterelles, first use a brush to remove all the debris. You can actually use a toothbrush for this.
You can then rinse them quickly to remove sand and the rest of the debris.
Don't let them soak in water.
Slice larger mushrooms in half.
Lightly spray with avocado oil if desired. Sprinkle with salt and pepper.
On a parchment lined baking sheet, bake at 400 degrees for 30-40 minutes, flipping once while baking.
*You will have extra sauce. You can freeze it, put it on veggies or just add more to your polenta if you wish.
Sauté leeks over medium low heat for about 5 minutes until softened. You can use a light spritz of avocado oil or a bit of water for oil free sautéing.
Add garlic and sauté for another minute, being careful not to brown the garlic. Remove from heat and set aside.
In a sauce pan, heat 3 cups of water to boiling.
Stir in polenta, reduce heat and stir occasionally for 5 minutes.
Remove from heat, stir in leek and garlic mixture, savory cashew cheese sauce, thyme, salt and pepper.
Top with roasted mushrooms and parsley.
I read this article and found it very interesting, thought it might be something for you. The article is called Leek Polenta with Roasted Chanterelle Mushrooms and is located at http://rawmazing.com/recipe/leek-polenta-with-roasted-chanterelle-mushrooms/.
Susan, this recipe sounds just amazing, it will be part of meny this coming weekend for sure when I will have company, thank you for posting it.
I just made this tonight……yummy. I used ALL the 'Cheeze' sauce in the polenta. I didn't have Chanterelle mushrooms either so simply used our common large button mushrooms – they were fine! It was great! | {
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When you suffer from betrayal trauma and/or PTSD it can be very overwhelming to be in public places. There could be a million different things that can cause triggers that send you into a downward spiral that is hard to get out of. For a better description of what it is like click here. Below is another tool I use when I am at home or in a public place.
When I am out in a public place I can and will get triggered by lots of things. There are over a million things that can trigger me I learned to be a "Passenger on a Train". I visualize my train down to every little detail. It is good to get a good visualization of your train before you are in a public place. Make sure your train has a window you can open so you can hear the noises too. It is also important to smell the smells as you travel on this train. When you are getting triggered you can put yourself as a "Passenger on a Train". Watch the trigger go by from right to left or left to right. Smell the smells, hear the noises and feel them go by as you travel on your train. The idea is to train your brain to take your triggers and process them in a way where you acknowledge them but do not let the feelings send you into that dreadful downward spiral.
The hardest part about this tool and other tools is to remember you have them available. Make sure you keep a list of different tools and exercises that work for you. This list should always be handy. | {
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This week I suddenly find myself the mother of three school-going children! Emma started first grade, and Johnny and Lily are both in preschool. All three kids were placed with teachers who seem to be perfect fits for their personalities, and they are very happy and excited about school so far! Johnny is so excited to have Lily at school with him this year, and it's pretty … [Read more...] about Three Kids in School! | {
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From the moment you walk into Glenwood Canyon Brewpub, you'll feel the history and the heartbeat of the place. You'll also feel right at home.
Our mission is simple: Bring flavorful, memorable food to our customers in an approachable and affordable manner. Over 20 years of service has allowed us to understand and respond to our patron's needs as we deliver on our promise to bring you an experience you won't want to miss.
Experience the creativity and craftiness of our award-winning brews while choosing from ten wonderfully diverse beer styles that will meet your palate no matter the season. We know not everyone is a beer drinker, so we offer wine, spirits, hand-made cocktails, and cider as well. Whether you're visiting for the first time or you're here often, stop in soon and enjoy any of our year round and seasonal, hand-crafted beers or other offerings.
We began aging our beers in re-purposed spirit barrels at the beginning of 2016. This age old process yields the finest flavor complexities in our craft. Today we have over 10 barrels, aging 600 gallons of elixir and we continue to grow our barrel program each month. We decided to bring the experience to the customer by allowing them to mingle with the project. Once you're in this room in the lower level of the Brewpub you'll feel the romance of aging beer in wood. | {
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Museum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities (Medelhavsmuseet)
About Museum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities (Medelhavsmuseet), Stockholm
Hegira 12th century / AD 18th century
Artist(s) / Craftsperson(s):
Ibrahim Babirbarzadeh.
MMI 1996:001
Leather, paper, ink, gold; calligraphy, illuminated, illustrated.
Height 14.7 cm, width 9.5 cm
Turkey.
This small book is a compilation of various religious texts illustrating popular beliefs and customs. Its content is based mainly on the Qur'an to which the first part of the manuscript is dedicated. The text starts with the fatiha, the first sura, and ends with the last sura CXIV, but it is not the complete Qur'an. The text was written in a muhaqqaq style and in naskhi script possibly by two different calligraphers. One of them was Ibrahim Babirbarzadeh, whose signature appears in a later part of the manuscript. On each page the text is framed by a broad gold stripe and lines of black and bright bluish-red ink. The sura headings are illuminated and the verses are marked by golden rosettes. The first part of the manuscript is followed by a selection of suras and Qur'anic verses. According to popular belief, the words of the Qur'an possess supernatural powers because of their divine origin, which help in cases of misfortune. The margins of these pages are also covered with texts. These margin notes might provide explanation of the specific use of the quotations, for example, against disease or poverty. The 99 beautiful names of Allah and the names of the Prophet, which are written on the next pages of the manuscript, are also considered to afford special protection. A common element of books of this kind is prayers of blessing whose recitation was a deserving act of believers. The most impressive part of the manuscript is a series of painted pages showing the names of Allah and Muhammad in golden script against a blue background, the footprint and the sandal of the Prophet, views of Mecca and Medina and powerful quotations, letters and names of God arranged in circles and squares as protection against the evil eye.
The binding of the book is of dark brownish-red leather ornamented with a central golden rectangle and filled with a rhomb pattern. The inside of the binding is covered with a polished yellow paper showing a design of large leaves.
Small book with a compilation of various religious texts popularly used for protection. In addition to the mostly Qur'anic quotations it contains prayers of blessing. Most impressive are its painted pages showing the footprint and the sandal of the Prophet or the views of Mecca and Medina.
From stylistic aspects of the illuminations. Their floral elements, for example, are close to those of Ottoman Qur'ans of the 12th / 18th century.
Purchased in auction at François de Ricqlès, Paris, 22 March 1996, lot no 33.
Islamische Kunst aus Privaten Sammlungen in Deutschland, Exhibition catalogue, Munich, 2000, pp.14–5.
Turkish Miniature Painting and Manuscripts from the Collection of Edwin Binney 3rd, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1973, cat. no. 40.
Friederike Voigt "Prayer book" in Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers, 2021. http://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object;ISL;se;Mus01;9;en
Prepared by: Friederike VoigtFriederike Voigt
Friederike Voigt has an MA in Iranian studies, history of art and social science and is currently working on her doctoral thesis on wall tiles in architectural decoration of Qajar Iran. Since 2004 she has been a project-related curator at the Museum for Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities in Stockholm for Museum With No Frontiers. She studied at Humboldt University in Berlin, at the University of Tehran and archaeology at the University of Halle-Wittenberg. She taught Persian language at several universities in Germany. She was an assistant curator at the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Cultures at the Museum of Ethnology, State Museums of Berlin. Her main fields of interest are the material culture of Iran, especially of the Qajar period, and contemporary Iranian art.
Copyedited by: Monica Allen
MWNF Working Number: SE 10
Discover Islamic Art Exhibition(s)
Arabic Calligraphy | The Holy Qur'an The Ottomans | Art in the Spaces of Prayer
Amulets and Talismans Calligraphy Manuscripts
Virtual Visit Exhibition Trail
EARLY OTTOMAN ART - Legacy of the Emirates | {
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As usual with an anthology, this is a mixed bag–some stories I liked better than others–but overall a very strong selection of stories and very enjoyable. It's nice to find a group of authors who really "get" writing YA. The editors have done a good job putting these stories together.
Tagged Goodreads, reading, reviews, YA fiction. | {
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Dr. Arevalo is a chiropractor with specialized spine and musculoskeletal acupuncture training. Our goal is to restore the natural energy flow of Qi. Qi is the energy that flows through our body.
Meridians are lines of energy that flow through specific areas of our bodies. When these specific points get blocked, the natural energy cannot flow. Dr. Arevalo is a chiropractor who is capable of analyzing your acupuncture points and creating a custom acupuncture pain relief plan to benefit your health. We understand the importance of educating you on acupuncture care so that you can heal quickly.
Acupuncture needles are almost always painless and are about the size of a hair. The acupuncture needles are sterile and disposed of properlyncture can also be done with the use of needles.
Dr. Arevalo is a chiropractor who is knowledgeable in spinal and musculoskeletal acupuncture. The purpose of acupuncture is to return the spine and musculoskeletal system to a natural state of health and to reduce pain, muscle spasms, and nerve irritation, so you can enjoy your life pain free. Acupuncture is an ancient healing art that aims to allow the flow of energy through specific meridians.
We also offer needle-less acupuncture and ear acupuncture (auriculotherapy). The ear is innervated by the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, the auriculotemporal nerve, and the greater auricular nerve.
Your chiropractor, Dr. Arevalo and his team understand the stress and pain patients are in following personal injury accidents. We analyze, diagnose, and create an individualized chiropractic and acupuncture treatment plan for whiplash and soft tissue injuries. We will thoroughly explain your treatment and update your insurance and attorney on your behalf.
Most work injuries are caused by overuse and repetitive stress injuries. Overtime, small tasks done with poor posture can lead to acute and chronic pain, which can result in reduced worker productivity, lost time from work, disability, and an inability to perform job tasks. A specialized acupuncture treatment plan will be customized to your needs.
Please contact us directly with any questions, comments, or scheduling inquiries you may have. Some insurances cover Acupuncture. We will verify your insurance benefits and file your insurance for you. We accept letters of protection.
Copyright © 2006-2018 Dr. Joseph Arevalo DC, PLLC - All Rights Reserved. | {
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Batch Templates allow you to specify which fields to include, and set presets within the Gift Batch Interface. You can include fields from an Individual, Organization, Transaction, Recurring Gift, Payment and Allocation record.
The ability to set presets means that you can set a default value within a field. For example, if you are entering a large volume of gifts received at an event, you may want to set the same allocation information and transaction date for all of them. By presetting the allocation information and transaction date, it makes it easier to enter gifts within the Gift Batch since this information is already populated within the interface.
Setting a field to "read-only"
Setting a field to be "hidden"
The Batch Templates tab allows you to view and create Batch Templates. Click on Batch Templates from the tab ribbon.
If the Batch Templates Tab is not visible in the tab ribbon, click on the + sign at the end to access all tabs. You will find Batch Templates as an option in the list of all tabs.
Personal batch Templates are templates that are visible only to the user who created them. To view all your personal Batch templates, select Personal as the Template Type and click on "Go".
Then click on the Template name to view the template.
Global Batch Templates are templates that are visible to all users regardless of who created them. To view global Batch templates, select Global as the Template Type and click on "Go".
Before creating a new batch template, it is always best practice to check if the template you are about to create already exists within the application.
Enter a Batch Template Name.
To set the Batch Template to Personal, select the type as "Personal".
To set the Batch Template to Global, select the type as "Global".
The Batch Template allows you to specify which fields to include in the Gift Batch Interface. Fields that are required by Causeview to create the transaction, payment and allocation records are part of the template, by default, and cannot be removed (i.e. First Name, Last Name, Organization Name, Payment Date, Amount, Appeal, and Fund).
To add a field to the Gift Batch Interface, select the field from the list of available fields and click on the "Add" button. You may hold down your CTRL or SHIFT keys to select multiple fields and add them all at once.
To remove a field, click on the Delete Icon (red "X" that appears beside the field). A gray delete icon signifies that the field cannot be removed from the template.
The Batch Template allows you to re-order fields according to how you would like them displayed on the Gift Batch Interface.
To re-order fields, place your cursor on top of the field you would like to move and then drag and drop it to where you would like it to appear.
Setting presets means that you can set a default value within a field. For example, if you are entering a large volume of gifts received at an event, you may want to set the same allocation information and transaction date for all of them. By presetting the allocation information and transaction date, it makes it easier to enter gifts within the Gift Batch since this information is already populated within the interface.
To preset a value in a text field, simply enter the value.
You can also preset values in a picklist.
And preset values for Look-up fields.
To remove a preset, simply remove the value within a text field, a picklist or a look-up field.
A field may be set to "read-only" if you would like to restrict modifying capabilities. For example, perhaps you have set a preset for allocation and would like to prevent others from modifying the preset value.
To make a field "read-only", select the checkbox beside the field, under the "Read-Only" column.
A field may be hidden from the Gift Batch interface if you do not wish for it to display during gift entry. For example, perhaps you've set a preset to automatically email receipts but you do not necessarily wish to have this field displayed in your Gift Batch interface.
To hide a field from the gift batch interface, select the checkbox beside the field, under the column "Hide".
The Gift Batch Interface mimics Excel where you can tab from field to field as you enter gift information. To facilitate rapid data entry, you can specify fields in the template to be displayed as columns in the gift batch interface.
Fields that are not displayed as columns in the gift batch interface are still available in the expanded view.
To display a field as a column in the Gift Batch interface, select the checkbox beside the field, under the column "Show in Summary".
Batch Templates allow you to specify which payment types are available in the Gift Batch Interface. If you select a single payment type, the fields related to the payment type can be added as columns in the gift batch interface. However, if multiple payment types are selected, you would have to populate payment information in the expanded view.
To specify payment types to be included, select the payment type from the list of available payment types and use the directional arrows to include your selection.
When a payment type is selected, the associated payment fields are automatically added to the Batch Template. For example, if you select Check, the Check Number, Check Date, and Date Deposited fields are automatically added.
When Credit Card or ACH/PAD is selected, the associated payment fields are automatically added to the Batch Template. It will also automatically add the Mailing Street, Mailing City, Mailing Province/State, Mailing Country and Mailing Zip/Postal Code fields for the Individual and the Billing Street, Billing City, Billing Province/State, Billing Country and Billing Zip/Postal Code for the Organization. These fields are automatically added and cannot be removed from the template since the Payment Gateway requires these fields to be populated in order to process the payment.
You can also automatically email receipts to donors within the Gift Batch Interface but the "Auto Email Receipt" field needs to be included in the Batch Template. To do so, navigate to the "Receipt Presets" section of the Batch Template and add the "Auto Email Receipt" field in your Batch Template. Then as you enter gifts within your Gift Batch, you can specify whether you would like to automatically email the receipt to the donor.
You may also preset the Auto Email Receipt preference to enabled so that it is automatically selected for all gifts you enter in the Gift Batch.
It is important that you save your Batch Template before navigating away from the page. You should also remember to save any changes that have been made to an existing template.
To save your Batch Template, click on the "Save" button located at the top or at the bottom of the template.
Cloning an existing Batch Template allows you to copy an existing template. This is particularly useful when you want to make minor changes to an existing template and save as new.
To clone an existing template, click on the "Clone" button located on top of the template.
When you clone a template, it copies all the fields you have already included in the original template as well as your presets. You can then edit the cloned template according to what you need. To save, enter a Batch Template Name and click on "Save".
New Gift Batch Records can be created from the Batch Template. To do so, click on the "New Batch" button located at the top or at the bottom of the template. | {
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209 E. North 1st St.
Net Doctors is a Premium Internet Service Provider providing Internet access, E-mail services, web hosting, and dedicated connections to personal and business customers in the upstate of South Carolina.
Net Doctors also provides web hosting, design, and marketing. With a full time staff dedicated to making your website vision a reality from start to finish.
Net Doctors provides on-site and off-site computer repair and troubleshooting. If your business depends on computers we are here to help. We specialize in setting up and designing networks for your business as well as maintaining your computers so you can work with the piece of mind that your business will continue to run efficiently.
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Don't see what your looking for? Go to the site map to find what your looking for. | {
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Mediterranean Gull (Larus melanocephalus)
Charadriiformes, Eurasia, Laridae
Mediterranean Gull
[order] CHARADRIIFORMES | [family] Laridae | [latin] Larus melanocephalus | [UK] Mediterranean Gull | [FR] Mouette melanocephale | [DE] Schwarkopf-Mowe | [ES] Gaviota Mediterranea | [NL] Zwartkopmeeuw
Monotypic species
Head black, with prominent white eye-crescents. Neck white, upperparts very pale grey, flight-feathers white, with outer web of outer primary black, tail white, underparts white. Bill scarlet, with variable dark subterminal band, often mainly on lower mandible, and often with yellow tip. Legs bright red, iris blackish brown, with red orbital ring. Difers from L. redibundus in full black hood covering most of nape, bulkier body, larger head, heavier bill, paler general appearance, lack of black at wingtip.
Listen to the sound of Mediterranean Gull
[audio:http://www.aviflevoland.nl/sounddb/M/Mediterranean Gull.mp3]
wingspan min.: 100 cm wingspan max.: 115 cm
incubation min.: 23 days incubation max.: 25 days
fledging min.: 35 days fledging max.: 25 days
Eurasia : West
Breeds on Mediterranean coasts, costal lagoons, steppe lakes and marshes in open lowland areas, favouring sparse vegetation, but generally avoiding barren sand.
After breeding season mainly on coasts, estuaries, harbours, marshes, inland lakes, fields and grasslands.
Appears able to adapt more readily than many other species to new habits, both breeding and wintering.
Laying first half of May. Colonies usually under 1000 pairs, occasionally single pairs in colonies of other species. Nest on sparsely vegetated sites, or thickets or reedbeds, a shallow depression lined with grass. Nests dense, with nest rims as close as a few cm. 2-3 eggs, incubation 23-26 days. Chick spotted brown, grey and buff on head, with 2-3 broad brown bands on buffish back, and pale greyish to pinkish buff underparts. First breeding at 2-3 years.
In breeding season, diet based on aquatic and terrestrial insects, also gastropods and small numbers of fish, worms and some rodents.
Flocks descend on agricultural fields when abundant insect pests are detected. May fly up to 80 km from colony to feed on grassland. On migration and in winter, when shifts to coasts and harbours, consumes fish, molluscs and offal, occasionally sewage and refuse.
Feeds by aerial hawking, surface-plunging, contact-dipping, and picking from water surface while swimming. Walks and runs after prey on ground.
This species has a large range, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 100,000-1,000,000 km2. It has a large global population estimated to be 570,000-1,100,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2002). Global population trends have not been quantified, but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
Until the 1940's this species inhabited the Black Sea, southern Russia, Turkey and Greece. Since the late 1950's it is increasing its numbers and extending its distribution westwards. It has colonised subsequently Hungary, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Great Britain. The western populations of the European Union amount to not more than 2000 breeding pairs, however, and they remain marginal compared to the total European population, centred on Ukraine and estimated at 250000 breeding pairs. The Greek population is fluctuating between a few hundreds and over 7000 breeding pairs
Migratory. Some Black Sea birds winter there, especially on Caucasian coast and Crimea, but bulk of population winters in Mediterranean. Some numbers also emerge through Straits of Gibraltar to winter on Atlantic coasts, and since 1950s has occurred with increasing frequency on coasts of western and north-west Europe. Migrations mainly coastal, but minority regularly cross Asian Turkey and small numbers follow major river valleys in eastern and central Europe.
Tags: all of Ichthyaetus, Gulls and terns, Larus melanocephalus, Mediterranean Gull | {
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Home > Articles > Baseball Announcer Claims to be Psychic
Baseball Announcer Claims to be Psychic
By Tim Binnall
An announcer for the Chicago White Sox says that he can see into the future and his broadcast partner has actually backed up the bold claim after watching him perform the feat on numerous occasions. The former Cy Young winner and current TV analyst for the team, Steve Stone, revealed his unique gift to the Chicago Sun-Times in an enlightening profile piece over the weekend. Not afraid to mince words, he genuinely declared to the newspaper that "I've been psychic my whole life ... I know it sounds strange, but I really know what's going to happen."
Stone explained that he frequently gets very specific premonitions of what will happen during a game as it unfolds, but holds back on sharing the insights with viewers since they are often unfavorable to the home team. That said, this ability was allegedly on display during the first game he ever broadcast for the White Sox, where he correctly indicated which player would be the one to put an end to the particularly arduous extra-inning affair. When his then-partner in the booth asked him if that was a prediction, Stone simply replied, "no, that's what's going to happen." And, incredibly, it did.
While some might suspect that Stone's assertion that he is psychic is merely hyperbole and that his ability to 'see the future' is based on years of knowledge gleaned from watching the game, his current broadcast partner Jason Benetti suggested that there appears to be some ring of truth to the claim. According to him, the self-proclaimed clairvoyant will often write down his visions on a scrap of paper during the game and then, "after the play, he will flip it over and it will be what happened."
An admitted skeptic about psychic abilities, Benetti conceded that he has a difficult time not believing that Stone has some kind of gift based on the sheer number of times he's seen it displayed. "It's not a couple of times in three seasons-plus," he noted, "it's a couple dozen times." Amazingly, Benetti also says that Stone has yet to be wrong when performing the proverbial 'paper trick' and that the close proximity between the two in the broadcast booth would make it impossible for his partner to hide an incorrect prediction. "He's got a lot of occult in him. I'm weirded out by it," Benetti said, "but I also kind of adore it."
As to where this psychic gift may have come from, Stone theorized that it is something of an evolutionary remnant from when Neanderthals roamed the Earth. In this time before language existed, he mused, humans were forced to rely on their "inner voice" to discern if something or someone was dangerous or not. Noting that his life has been filled with such "unusual" experiences, Stone said that he considered writing a book about "the extrasensory stuff," but ultimately shelved the project because "there would be some people who would doubt my rationality or my sanity." Having now revealed his gift to the world, one hopes that Stone will revisit the idea or, at the very least, be more open to sharing his visions in the future.
Video: Presidential Hopeful Asked How He'd Respond to an Alien Invasion | {
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The Martin Luther King Jr. Student Scholars Academy is a four-tier comprehensive program designed to offer academic, social, and professional development support and services to assist program participants from the first year through graduation. Each tier is designed to address particular developmental milestones associated with that phase of each student's matriculation.
The MLK Academy is housed in the Division of Multicultural Affairs.
Please report any suspected or alleged instances of wrongdoing or misconduct or concerns about inappropriate service provisions and practices by any program staff to the Sue Murray at (269) 387-3323 or to the director of the Division of Multicultural Affairs using the DMA Student Complaint Form. In case of a medical emergency or an immediate threat to your personal safety, call 911. For non-emergencies, call WMU's Department of Public Safety at (269) 387-5555. | {
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Q: Warning: "variable may be used uninitialized in this function" in a multi-mode structured function A multi-mode structured function may look like this:
void foo(int mode) {
int opt_mode0;
int opt_mode1;
/* init section */
switch (mode) {
case 0:
opt_mode0 = 3;
break;
case 1:
opt_mode1 = 5;
break;
}
/* shared execution section */
bar();
some_more_foo();
/* distinguished execution section */
switch (mode) {
case 0:
foo_mode0(opt_mod0); /* triggers warning of possible uninitialized opt_mod0. */
break;
case 1:
foo_mode1(opt_mod1); /* triggers warning of possible uninitialized opt_mod1. */
break;
}
/* more code here */
}
As you can see, the mode controls the mode, and all variables are perfectly initialized in their modes, but the compiler can not catch the logic to conclude that those variables are initialized.
Is there any clearer coding style/pattern to avoid the warnings? Suppression this warning is not an option, as it disables the compiler to catch uninitialized variable bug for me.
Note that the example here is a miniature one. A real function may be more complex.
Solutions for both C and C++ are welcome.
== Update: response to some comments ===
Please regard the example above as a miniature one. So, some said to merge the two option modes: Nope. If mode 0 need 5 arguments, but mode 1 needs only 2, and they have different types? Pre-initialize everything will then have the same effect as to suppress the warning: it will disable the compiler to capture the "use of uninitialized value" bug.
A: A C++ answer:
Use std::optional<int> for the type. Not only will the warning go away, but you can rely on the "not-set" status of the optional for the unset case.
A C answer:
Initialise the variables, disable the warning, or program a version of std::optional<int> for an int type; it's little more than a pointer really.
A: There are many things you can do, all with their costs and benefits:
*
*If possible, try to merge the section which are distinctly for only one mode. The spurious warning should disappear.
Lifting the common parts into their own function(s) might further that.
*If that's impossible, try contributing some more sophisticated analysis to the compiler.
Everybody will benefit, but that's admittedly costly to you. And where do you draw the line?
*Just give up and initialize it unconditionally. That sucks if doing so is expensive, and tooling will never again be potentially able to uncover related bugs there.
*Just give up and live with the spurious warning.
Most compilers provide easy ways to suppress specific warnings locally, look into it to keep your build quiet and warnings relevant.
| {
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Charlie Ergen is the cofounder and chairman of satellite TV provider Dish Network and satellite communications company EchoStar.
Ergen first began selling satellite dishes out of the back of a truck in Colorado in 1980.
He took Dish public in 1996. Today, it boasts over 12 million subscribers.
EchoStar, which has some two dozen satellites in space, was spun off from Dish in 2008.
Ergen stepped down as CEO of Dish for the second time in 2017 to focus on the company's new wireless network for the Internet of Things.
Ergen is the son of an Austrian-born nuclear physicist who worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee.
Ergen is an avid mountain climber who has reached the Mount Everest base camp.
Part of management is to figure out how you're going to do things, and to be creative on how you're going to do things, and to prove the skeptics wrong.
Cord-cutters — who needs them? Annual television subscriptions at Dish Network have fallen three years in a row, but founder Charles Ergen isn't losing sleep over it. In fact, he's the richest he's been in years. | {
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It's on it's way…the season of Boo! Eek! and Trick or Treat! To help you throw the best dinner, here are some awesomely haunting halloween food ideas!
This is a great punch for a party. Full of awesome autumnal flavor with a sparkle and some spooky dry ice to top it off. Try serving in a pumpkin for some extra festive fun!
Process: In a sauce pan, comb the puree, concentrate, sugar, water, lemon juice, and pumpkin spice. Mix over medium heat until it starts to boil. Don't start stirring. Once it starts to boil, remove from heat and push through a mesh strainer like this one. Chill until you're ready to serve. Once you're ready, add about 1 cup of the mixture to a boil with ice. Add in your lemon-lime soda, and toss in a little dry ice and serve!
This is a fantastic way to add some healthy to your holiday fun! The kids won't be able to resist them.
Process: Starting with your chocolate, melt it in the microwave in a microwave safe bowl, about 30 seconds at a time, stirring every 15 seconds. Once it's melted, pour into a ziploc bag. Cut just a tiny bit off the corner of the ziploc so you can "draw" with the chocolate. Draw your ghosty faces on the bananas, allow to dry before setting upright. Using your celery pieces, stick them in the middle of the clementines to create you "pumpkins". If you want to add some chocolate lacing on top, you totally can. And ta-da! You're done.
These are a hoot! The first time we made them, my 6 year old refused to eat them because they were too realistic. Oops.
Process: Preheat oven to 350 F. Open the pizza dough and add a couple drops of green food coloring. Knead gently until the color is mixed throughout. Divide into 12-15 balls of dough, and roll out into fingers. It's good to make these lumpy-it makes these more realistic. Mix the egg and water together and brush lightly over the fingers. Sprinkle lightly with salt. Then press (and I mean press) almonds into the ends. Bake for 8-10 minutes or until they start to brown.
These are great for parties! You can mix and match ingredients however you'd like.
Process: Heat your oven to 350F. Open the pizza dough and section into 6 balls of dough. Roll them out to your desired thickness. Top with sauce and cheese. Now, take your black olives, and cut 8 of them into thin slices (these are the legs). Take 6 more and cut in half horizontally. Take 6 more and cut in half vertically. Construct your spiders-you can put as many as you'd like on each pizza. Bake until the crust is golden brown and the cheese is bubbly.
Process: Take your crescent roll dough and cut into long strips. Wrap them around your hot dogs loosely, allowing for some hot dog to show through. Add peppercorns or poppy seeds for eyes if desired. Bake at 350F until the crescent roll dough is golden brown.
These are so easy. And so delicious. And so perfect for a halloween feast!
Process: Pair your cookies together and give a generous swirl of chocolate frosting to stick them together with the frosting visible. Using kitchen shears, cut mini marshmallows into uneven pieces. These will be your teeth! Just add to the exposed chocolate frosting. Cut 6 mini marshmallows in half, and stick on top of cookies with a dab of chocolate frosting. Add a dot of chocolate frosting for the eyes, and ta da! You've got yourself a scary delicious dessert!
And there you have it! Some recipes for a hauntingly happy Halloween! | {
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A recent study examined the states and Washington, D.C., that it says had waiting periods in 2014.
Wait times might help reduce handgun deaths, according to a recent study.
In 2013, over 33,000 people in the U.S. died from firearm injuries. Over 21,000 of those deaths were suicides.
Wait times mean customers can't pick up a firearm the same day they buy it.
From 1970 to 2014, various states and Washington, D.C., have had a version of wait time laws. Background checks have replaced wait times in some states.
The study looked at 17 states, and Washington, D.C., that it says had waiting periods in 2014. The researchers also considered how social factors like poverty rates and urbanization affected gun violence.
The study found every year, 750 fewer homicides happen in those states because of wait times. If the same laws were used in every state, researchers say it would stop another 910 homicides.
The researchers noted that a wait time law "doesn't restrict anybody's right to own a gun."
In some states, the wait period was only for handguns, which means a customer could still get a shotgun or another type of gun the same day of purchase.
The study also found with a waiting period, a person didn't go straight to another method of violence, though it's unclear if the wait time stopped the crime completely or just temporarily dissuaded a person.
Correction: A previous version of this story left out that the majority of firearm-related deaths in 2013 were suicides. | {
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Visual tracking has emerged as an important component of systems in several application areas including vision-based control, human-computer interfaces, surveillance, agricultural automation, medical imaging and visual reconstruction. The central challenge in visual tracking is to keep track of the pose and location of one or more objects through a sequence of frames. Implicit algebraic 2D curves and 3D surfaces are among the most powerful representations and have proven very useful in many model-based applications in the past two decades. With this approach, objects in 2D images are described by their silhouettes and then represented by 2D implicit polynomial curves. In our work, we tried different approaches in order to efficiently apply the powerful implicit algebraic 2D curve representation to the phenomenon of visual tracking. Through the proposed concepts and algorithms, we tried to reduce the computational burden of fitting algorithms. Besides showing the usage of this representation on boundary data simulations, use of the implicit polynomial as a representative of the target region is also experimented on real videos. | {
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We will start our seminar with a short introduction of Unilever and its global R&D capabilities. We will continue our talk by focusing to the role of process engineering in Unilever, especially food production by giving real life examples. We will examine the role of food process engineering in the context of a mechanical engineer and describes the role of process engineers giving examples from Unilever.
A food engineer might be described as someone who uses science and knowledge, to design, construct, operate, or maintain devices, equipment, or systems to provide food for the society we live in. This will embrace principles of applied mathematics, mechanics of machines, thermodynamics, fluid systems, and strength of materials, which are required for the design, manufacture, operation and maintenance of engineering systems and equipment.
Dr. Susuzlu completed his undergraduate studies in the Mechanical Engineering Department of Middle East Technical University (METU) in 1998. Afterwards he started to work in Aselsan while completing his MSc. degree in METU, specialized in production technologies. Afterwards he moved to the Netherlands where in 2007 he defended his Ph.D. in Delft University of Technology (Netherlands) with a thesis in High Pressure Water jet cutting. Meanwhile, he started to work in the Unilever R&D center in the Netherlands in 2006 as a process engineer. During that period, he developed new processes for the production of tea, sauces and savory products. In 2013, Dr. Susuzlu moved back to Turkey as an ice cream process manager. Since then, he continued to work for Unilever and developed many new exciting ice cream products. | {
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Spare or Spares may refer to:
Common meanings
Spare (bowling), a term for knocking down all the pins using two bowling balls
short for spare part
Spare tire
People
Austin Osman Spare (1886–1956), English artist and occultist
Richard Spare (born 1951), British artist
Charlie Spares (1917–1958), British jockey
Other uses
Spāre Station, a railway station in Spāre, Latvia
Spare (memoir), 2023 memoir by Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex
Spares, a 1996 novel by Michael Marshall Smith | {
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Newsletter subscrption requires consent for your personal data processing.
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I agree to receive the newsletter at the e-mail address provided.
I give consent to GreenWay Polska Sp. z o.o. for the processing of my personal data for the purpose of sending the newsletter.
We make every effort to protect the personal data of our clients. Your personal data will be processed until you withdraw your consent to send the newsletter. You have the right to rectify, delete or limit the processing of data, as well as to transfer them. Consent to the newsletter may be withdrawn at any time. If you decide that your rights have been violated, you are entitled to a complaint to the President of the Office for Personal Data Protection. Providing personal data is voluntary, but necessary to send the newsletter. Your data will also not be processed in an automated way in the sense of the GDRP. | {
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'Counting On': Why Some Fans Have a Problem With Derick Dillard's Political Instagram Message
Laura Dorwart
Derick Dillard has made his way as a rogue Duggar in-law with his revelations and claims about Jim-Bob and Michelle Duggar, TLC producers, and filming for both 19 Kids and Counting and Counting On. Derick has also spoken out against some of the Duggars' more extreme beliefs, even suggesting that he and Jill Duggar Dillard use birth control.
Jill's husband, a college graduate and current law student, has been a controversial figure for years.
Derick and Jill originally appeared on the 19 Kids and Counting spinoff Counting On after Josh Duggar's history of sexual abuse against his sisters came to light. But the couple was seemingly fired from the show, allegedly in part due to Derick's comments about I Am Jazz star Jazz Jennings, which many considered transphobic.
Now, the Dillards don't seem to associate with the Duggars, and there are many rumors of a major rift between the families.
Most recently, Derick stirred up even more controversy when he took to Instagram with a message of equality in honor of Martin Luther King Day on Jan. 20. Counting On fans flocked to the post, with some supporting the dad of two and others criticizing him for what they saw as hypocrisy.
Jill Duggar Dillard and Derick Dillard | D Dipasupil/Getty Images for Extra
Jill's husband posted a Martin Luther King Day message of equality
On Jan. 20, Derick posted a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr., with a quote of his: "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
The former Counting On star captioned the picture, "Thankful for the work of Dr. King and the sacrifices he made for equality. Let's continue to work toward his vision." He added the hashtags #equality, #civilrights, and #mlkday.
Some Duggar fans were surprised by Derick's sentiment, as he doesn't often talk about racial equality or civil rights. "I wished this was shared a lot more as it has more truth!" one supporter wrote under the post.
Others took the opportunity to praise Jill's husband for defending her and sticking up for her with her estranged family. "Well done Derick for standing up for your own sweet family and the injustices Jill's parents have inflicted on you," one Counting On viewer wrote. This might be in reference to Derick's claim that the Duggars, especially Jim-Bob, pressured Jill to film for the show (unpaid) after her childhood abuse from her brother came to light in the media.
Another Instagram user agreed, writing in a comment: "Thank you for being a voice for your sweet wife, and for admitting she was a victim. She did nothing to cause being abused and I'm glad you acknowledge that and stand up for her against people who should have protected her and her sisters."
"Have yourself a merry little Christmas…" from the Dillards
A post shared by Derick Dillard (@derickdillard) on Dec 25, 2019 at 8:02pm PST
Some fans thought Derick was being 'hypocritical'
However, not everyone was thrilled with Derick's comments. Many pointed out what they thought was Derick's hypocrisy, given the contrast between his comments about racial equality and his previous comments about gay and trans populations. "Anti-LGBTQ and taking away a woman's right to make decisions for her own body is the antithesis of justice and equality," one critic wrote under the Duggar in-law's post.
Another commenter agreed, commenting: "Equality equals equal rights for ALL. That includes gay people."
Yet another viewer pointed out Derick's traditional, faith-based beliefs about gender roles, suggesting that the conservative Christian was being "hypocritical" in his remarks.
"But only for men right? Women can't be equal," the critic wrote. "That would mean we would have full control of our bodies (shocking as that may sound). And should we choose not to have a baby. But that doesn't fit your narrative or equality does it? So the real question is are you a misogynistic hypocrite, or a hypocritical misogynist?"
I just get this feeling that my steps create ripples in time and that my words cause suns to be born in galaxies unexamined by the human eye. Every choice I make, each course I take, nothing is a mistake.✨
A post shared by Jazz (@jazzjennings_) on Jan 2, 2020 at 4:12pm PST
The former 'Counting On' star was allegedly fired from the show for comments about Jazz Jennings
What the Counting On viewers were referring to, of course, was Derick's opinion about Jazz Jennings, teen star of TLC's I Am Jazz. Jennings is a pansexual trans girl and a vocal advocate for LGBTQ rights.
Before Derick and Jill were allegedly fired from Counting On, Derick repeatedly criticized the show for its portrayal of Jazz. "What an oxymoron," he wrote in one tweet. "A 'reality' show which follows a non-reality. 'Transgender' is a myth. Gender is not fluid; it's ordained by God."
Jennings pushed back against Derick's comments at TLC's Give A Little Awards event in New York City in 2018. According to CafeMom, Jennings said she just ignored Derick's criticism. "Honestly, I don't give Derrick any of my attention," she said in an interview. "I don't even read the tweets that he sends out anymore because I just don't care. You know? He can say whatever. I think he's doing it for attention." | {
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Dr. Patricia L. Bay, Psy.D.
Marriage, Family Therapist, and Life Coach
"In the Key of Life"
FTD Blog
Basket Cases
Successful dating is about not settling…
October 10, 2010 By Dr. Patty
"I Didn't Settle" By Dr. Patricia L. Bay, Psy.D. "I can't believe that it was only a couple of years ago that I felt that life was not worth living, " she said with a wry smile, her eyes twinkling. Reaching down to pull the lever that made my office chair recline, she continued, "I …
Copyright © 2021 Dr. Patricia L. Bay, Psy.D.
CA License #MFC18727 | {
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Move over Pumpkin Spice, some of our fall favorites are back and better than ever.
Why Oat Milk is the Best Dairy Alternative and How You Should Use it.
Move over almond milk, there's a dairy alternative in town and it's here to stay.
Where you study is just as important as what you're studying.
If yoga is an important part of your life, you have to fuel your body with the necessary items to get the most out of your session.
Your local barista/wait staff hate you, and they probably have a good reason for it.
Which trendy dessert you are, according to the stars.
Who doesn't want cookie dough delivered right to them?
A comprehensive list of the best Starbucks iced drinks, to help quench that summer thirst.
How to survive when you've finally runout of mom's leftover lasagna.
Living with IBS is uncomfortable, irritating, and painful, but at the very least, it's manageable. | {
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We love Waltham Forest, but it is sorely lacking a place, where residents can enjoy and an outdoor swim and paddle to cool down and have fun in summer .
There used to be two lidos in the borough, but now there isn't as much as a water fountain for children to play in.
Especially with so many new flats being built in the borough without gardens, an outdoor swimming and paddling pool or natural swimming pond would allow all Waltham Forest residents to make the most of the hot summers, which are on the rise as well as enjoy outdoor swimming all year round.
Open water swimming has seen a huge rise in popularity and having a facility would help Waltham Forest's residents to exercise, stay healthy and enjoy living in this borough.
With so many lakes and green spaces locally (including The Wetlands), we call on The Borough of Waltham Forest and/or The Corporation of London to find a spot to build a lido or establish a natural swimming pond, like the ones on Hampstead Heath, the Serpentine, or the new swimming lake about to be established in Lewisham.
Please share my name and email address with Waltham Forest Open Water Swimmers, so that I can receive updates on this campaign and others. | {
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I am a retired lawyer who has practiced in areas as diverse as publishing, special education and immigration law. I have been writing poetry since I was a teenager and have participated in numerous poetry workshops. Although my home is in Manhattan, I spend a considerable amount of time in Vermont, and my poetry reflects those disparate places — as it reflects my large family, including children and grandchildren.
cheeky garlic redolent with flavor.
organic eggs from free-range chickens.
My hands are full, my pockets empty.
Kale and chard? Twelve dollars?
Sticker prices startle at big farma.
I miss the days when local was cheap. | {
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Shazmeen Kara is the Founder & CEO and overall brand head for YWC Fashion.
Her role includes overseeing the retail strategy of the brand as well as ensuring the design ethos of the collections is in sync with the ideology behind it. YWC Fashion stems from a deep sense of social responsibility. Yuvraj Singh is the key visionary of the brand and this is an important initiative for him to ensure sustainability for his cancer awareness foundation – YouWeCan. However, unlike other brands strongly associated with a cause, the fashion aspect for YWC has been deliberately been nurtured by Shazmeen to maintain a balance between a strong design sense and sensibility towards the ultimate goal and cause.
She works closely with the manufacturers to constantly innovate on technique, style and relevant collaborations with fashion designers. She has also developed a unique retail strategy with a multi layered approach of online and offline stores – collaborative and stand alone.
Her vision is for the brand to be at par with international competitors in the athleisure space and also grow beyond its association with Yuvraj Singh as a standalone style statement with a strong aspirational value.
With a rich work experience spanning over thirteen years, Shazmeen has in the past worked with several other designer labels and brands of international repute including Bottega Venneta, Tommy Hilfiger, Jimmy Choo, FCUK, CK, TATA's among others.
She completed her post-graduation from Mumbai university and in her spare time she likes to read, travel and of course watch cricket – especially if Yuvi is playing! | {
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If you're running in this weekend's Memphis St. Jude Marathon or half marathon, congratulations! You're incredible. And you're going to need some serious fuel.
Here's a list of places to carb and calorie load before and after the big race. It's a good mix of both established and new places to eat in Memphis. I've updated it for 2018.
Don't forget – if you're not running, or you're doing the 5K, 10K, or half – come join at Mile 15 to cheer on the runners with the I Love Memphis Blog! Get all the details here.
This year, Local is serving a $14.99 all-you-can-eat pasta special at both locations, downtown and in Overton Square. They have two options: "Moroccan-spiced ragu with pappardelle and cavatappi with shrimp and pesto".
Tug's in Harbor Town will offer a whole selection of pastas on Friday night: seafood pasta ($19), blackened chicken – pictured ($15), beef tip pasta ($17), and veggie pasta ($13).
Ciao Bella is a family-run Italian restaurant in East Memphis with pizza, pastas, sandwiches, and more for lunch and dinner. Try their Piccolo Sara pasta with penne, goat cheese, sun dried tomatoes, and spinach, then add chicken or shrimp if you like.
The Majestic Grill downtown will offer a pasta special on Friday night, in addition to their usual menu, which includes some seriously tasty flatbreads, a cheese ravioli, and a seafood linguini. My personal favorite from the Majestic is the pork tenderloin, served with carrots and mashed potatoes.
Déjà Vu is a Creole-Cajun restaurant with all the usual po-boys and gumbos you'd expect, plus a huge vegetarian and vegan menu. Between the breaded fish on your French bread po boy, rice-based etouffes, and fried plantains, you'll have your carb needs more than satisfied.
Beer is carbs, duh, and there is no better excuse for day drinking than "I just ran a marathon." At Hammer & Ale you can get a flight of beer, pints, or fill up a growler to take with you. They also have sandwiches (including the delightful pimento cheese grilled cheese and other snacks. Read more here.
Load up on carbs Sicilian-style at Strano by Chef Josh, which moved locations from Cooper Young to East Memphis this year. Their pizza is delicious, their pastas are homemade, and the lunch, dinner, and brunch menus are full of other hearty, carb-laden goodies.
Whether you're going for classic pasta or a sandwich on a big hunk of delicious fresh bread, Fino's has two locations to help you out. They have daily pasta, sandwich, and soup specials, too. The midtown local is open until 6:30 p.m. Tuesdays through Fridays and the East Memphis location is open Monday through Friday until 7:30 p.m.
Biscuits. Pancakes. Hashbrowns. Good for breakfast, good for brenner, good for runners. The East Memphis location (Poplar) is open during breakfast and lunch hours only, but the downtown location (off of Court Square) serves breakfast all day.
I'm going to be completely honest with you: I have no idea what the name of the above dish is. All I can tell you is that if you want to choose from a variety of delicious, satisfying Korean noodle dishes, head to the Crazy Noodle on Madison for lunch or dinner. Their menu has pictures, so you should be fine. Read more.
Hog and Hominy's wood-fired pizzas with thin, crispy-chewy crusts are perfect for carb-loading and oh-so-delicious. Head to the East Memphis eatery and try the 'Shrooms pizza with arugula, mushrooms, and creamy cheeses, or, if you need some protein, too, go for the Red Eye Pizza with pork belly, celery leaves, and a fried egg.
Amerigo Italian restaurant has been an East Memphis favorite for years. They have all manner of classic Italian dishes (pastas, lasagna, pizza) and good drink specials. On Friday night from 4 p.m. – 10 p.m., they're offering 20 percent off select pasta and $1 off draft beers when you show your race bib.
If you're looking for baked goods like donuts – perhaps second only to pasta as an efficient carb-vehicle – then Cafe Eclectic has you covered. Their decadent handmade donuts (and other pastries and food) are available at all three locations: midtown, Harbor Town, and the U of M area. Bonus: They also have coffee. Which you also might need. Because caffeine.
The Capriccio Grill (located inside the Peabody Hotel) has a whole pasta and pizza section of the menu and is conveniently located downtown. Plus, you can take in the holiday decor in the lobby before or after your meal!
These are just a few options, of course. What are your favorite spots to carb load in Memphis?
I'm full just looking at the photos! I'm looking forward to the race day excitement downtown! | {
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Motion and color, the same elements that make my landscapes work, are key to my abstract paintings. I try to keep my mind out of the process, but I can often see traces of the stories I was telling myself as I painted, and the music I was listening to.
Mod. Times Pilot. 24×24. oil.
Sq. w/ Friends. 36x36x1.5. Oil.
Mediterranean Feel, 24″x24″, Oil. sold. | {
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Chu, Jonathan M. Neighbors, Friends, or Madmen: The Puritan Adjustment to Quakerism in Seventeenth-Century Massachusetts Bay. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985.
Dyer, William. Mary Dyer, Quaker: Two Letters of William Dyer of Rhode Island, 1659-1660. Printed for Worthington C. Ford by the University Press, Cambridge, U.S.A., n.d.
McHenry, Robert, ed. Famous American Women: A Biographical Dictionary from Colonial Times to the Present. New York: Dover Publications, 1983.
Shurtleff, Nathaniel B., ed. Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England. Boston: From the Press of William White, Printer to the Commonwealth, 1854.
Tolles, Frederick B. "Mary Dyer," Notable American Women, 1906-1950. Edward T. James, Janet Wilson James, and Paul S. Boyer, eds. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971.
"Mary Dyer Trials: 1659 and 1660." Great American Trials. . Encyclopedia.com. 22 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
Mary Dyer, d. 1660, Quaker martyr in Massachusetts, b. England. She accompanied (c.1635) her husband to Massachusetts and supported Anne Hutchinson, whom she followed to Rhode Island, where her husband held several public offices. In 1650 she returned to England and there joined the Society of Friends (Quakers). On her return to America (1657) she was arrested in Boston and banished, but twice returned (1659, 1660) to minister to imprisoned Quakers. Twice arrested by Massachusetts authorities and condemned to be hanged both times, she was reprieved in 1659 but was subsequently executed in 1660.
See biography by H. Rogers (1896).
"Dyer, Mary." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Encyclopedia.com. 22 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"In obedience to the will of the Lord God I came, and in His will I abide faithful to the death."
Mary Dyer was an English Puritan (one who practices or preaches a strict moral and spiritual code) who emigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony from England in 1634 or 1635. She became influenced by Anne Hutchinson (see entry), who was preaching "Antimonian" ideas. (Antinomianism is the belief that faith alone is sufficient for salvation from sin. The view was considered heresy because it was contrary to the Puritan teaching that salvation can be gained only by doing good works.) When Hutchinson was excommunicated (excluded from the rights of the church) and banished from Massachusetts in 1638, Dyer also left the colony. After traveling to England with her husband in 1652, Dyer became a Quaker (member of the Religious Society of Friends who believe that the individual can receive divine truth from the Holy Spirit through his or her own "inner light" without the guidance of a minister or priest). When she returned to New England five years later she was imprisoned for her belief. Eventually, she was executed for heresy. Today Dyer is considered a symbol of religious freedom.
Mary Dyer was born Mary Barrett in England. The date of her birth is unknown, and very little information exists about her early life. Although the story is not based on fact, there is a rumor that she was the daughter of Lady Arabella Stuart, who was a cousin of King James I of England. There is some evidence, however, that she came from a wealthy family. It is also known that on October 27, 1633, she married William Dyer, a milliner (hat maker) and a Puritan. They were wed at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, a church in London. Not long after their marriage, the Dyers, like many other Puritans, emigrated to the New World (a European term for North America and South America).
The Dyers arrived at the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634 (or 1635) and joined the Puritan church on December 13, 1635. The Dyers were influenced by Anne Hutchinson, who preached about "Antimonianism." Unlike the Puritans, Hutchinson believed the religious experience was personal, asserting that only the individual alone could decide whether or not he or she was saved (had gained forgiveness for sins against God). The Puritans, on the other hand, turned outward for their religious experience and achieved salvation through hard work, charitable acts, and material gain. For the Puritans, church leaders had the sole authority to decide who was saved.
Because Hutchinson challenged one of the central doctrines (laws) of the Puritanism, she was excommunicated and banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony on March 22, 1638. By this time, the Dyers were so influenced by Hutchinson that they took her side against their pastor, John Wilson. When Hutchinson left the church the day she was excommunicated, Mary Dyer followed her. As a result, the Dyers were also excommunicated. The couple settled at Newport, Rhode Island, where they could practice their form of religion freely. William Dyer went into public office and became an upstanding member of the colony. Mary Dyer turned her attention to domestic life. The couple eventually had five sons: Samuel, William, Mahershallalhashbaz, Henry, and Charles.
In 1652 the Dyers returned to England on a political mission to uphold the interests of the colony with John Clarke and Roger Williams (see entry), founder of Rhode Island. Remaining in England for five years, Mary Dyer joined the Religious Society of Friends, the Quaker religion founded by George Fox. Quaker beliefs were very similar to Hutchinson's "Antimonianism." According to the Quaker doctrine of "inner light," each individual possessed the Holy Spirit. Like Hutchinson, the Quakers believe that the individual has a direct relationship to God. In 1657 Dyer and her husband returned to New England, settling in New Haven (now a city in Connecticut). Because of her conversion to Quaker beliefs, Dyer was immediately seized by the Puritans and imprisoned in Boston. During the previous year Puritan leaders in Boston had outlawed "the cursed sect of heretics . . . commonly called Quakers."
The man responsible for the execution of Mary Dyer was John Endecott, the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Endecott was a strict Puritan who had emigrated to the New World in 1628. He himself had experienced religious persecution in England when he was rebuked by his grandfather, who disagreed with his views. Despite his own experience, however, Endecott gained a reputation as a strong-willed, unfeeling man. Endecott played a major role in the Pequot War of 1636, which led to the near extinction of the Pequot tribe. He was equally harsh with dissenters (religious nonconformists) and other rebels—especially Quakers—in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. After executing William Robinson and Marmaduke Stephenson the previous year, he executed Dyer in 1660. Some historians believe that Endecott was too brutal in his handling of the Quakers. However, others point to the prevailing opinion among colonists that dissenters should be executed.
Dyer was released from jail when her husband promised that he would prevent her from preaching. Nevertheless, Dyer continued to advocate Quakerism and was thus expelled from New Haven. In the meantime, on October 19, 1658, the Massachusetts courts passed an even stronger law that imposed the death penalty on practicing Quakers. By the following year, two Quakers, Marmaduke Stephenson and William Robinson, were imprisoned in Boston. Defying the laws, Dyer visited the two prisoners that summer. She was subsequently thrown into prison as well. On September 12, all three of the prisoners were banished from Boston and threatened with execution if they ever returned.
Not surprisingly, considering her rebellious spirit, Dyer returned to Boston with Stephenson, Robinson, and several other Quakers. The group was determined to confront the rigid Massachusetts laws about religious tolerance. By October 19, 1659, they were brought before the General Court to be investigated and sentenced. When asked why they had returned to Boston, they replied that "the ground and cause of their coming was of the Lord." All three Quakers were sentenced to death by Massachusetts governor John Endecott (see entry). On October 27, 1659, Stephenson and Robinson were hanged, but Dyer once again escaped execution. At the last minute, John Winthrop Jr. and Thomas Temple intervened with a plea from her son William. Dyer was spared from the gallows.
Dyer left Boston for Rhode Island and then went to Long Island (in present-day New York). She was determined to return to Boston to "desire the repeal of that wicked law against God's people and offer up her life there." On her return to Boston, she was arrested again. This time she was sentenced to death, and the penalty was carried out on May 31, 1660. Her husband, who never became a Quaker, claimed that his wife was mad and should be spared. Despite his plea, Dyer was executed. She was given one last chance to repent before she was hanged. Dyer refused to renounce her Quaker beliefs, saying, "In obedience to the will of the Lord God I came, and in His will I abide faithful to the death."
An eyewitness and fellow Quaker gave a detailed description of the execution of Mary Dyer on May 31, 1660. Following are excerpts from that account.
So she [Dyer] was brought to the prison-house, where she was before, close shut up until the next day. . . . Then they [the Puritan authorities] brought her forth, and drums were beat before and behind her, with a band of soldiers, through the town, and so to the place of execution, which is about a mile, the drums being that none might hear her speak all the way.
Some said unto her, that if she would return she might come down and save her life. She answered and said, "Nay, I cannot. For in obedience to the will of the Lord God I came, and in his will I abide faithful to the death. . . . "
John Wilson, their [the Dyers'] priest of Boston, said, "M. Dyer, O repent; O repent, and be not so deluded and carried away by the deceit of the Devil." M. Dyer answered and said, "No, man, I am not now to repent. . . . "
Then one said she should say she had been in Paradise. And she answered, "Yea, I have been in Paradise several days." And more she spake of her eternal happiness, that's out of mind. And so sweetly and cheerfully in the Lord she finished her testimony and died a faithful martyr of Jesus Christ. . . .
. . . These are the people that say their churches are the purest churches in the world, and their magistrates are godly magistrates, and godly ministers. A fair show to the world! . . .
Reprinted in: Kupperman, Karen Ordahl, ed. Major Problems in American Colonial History. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1993, pp. 162–64.
By the twentieth century—four hundred years after her execution—Dyer had become a symbol of courage in the face of tyranny (oppressive power exerted by a government). At the time she was sentenced to death, she was considered a heretic (one who does not conform to an accepted belief or doctrine). Over the years, however, freedom of religion is recognized as a central tenet (a principle or doctrine) of American law. Once seen as a threat to society, Dyer is now regarded as a hero. In 1959 the General Court of Massachusetts erected a statue in her memory on the State House grounds in Boston.
Bacon, Margaret Hope. Mothers of Feminism. New York: HarperCollins, 1986.
Crawford, Deborah. Four Women in a Violent Time: Anne Hutchinson (1591–1643), Mary Dyer (1591?–1660), Lady Deborah Moody (1600–1659), Penelope Stout (1622–1732). New York: Crown Publishers, 1970.
Kupperman, Karen Ordahl, ed. Major Problems in American Colonial History. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1993, pp. 162–64.
"Dyer, Mary." Colonial America Reference Library. . Encyclopedia.com. 22 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>. | {
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Guests have access to the campsite coffee-bar and can take advantage of our dining-hut, set up and equipped for cooking and barbecues.
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It's surprising that this file is served with the mime type "text/plain".
> Libby Miller, and from talking with Charles when he visited us in Bristol.
> http://rdfweb.org/people/danbri/rdfweb/lib-ecdl.rdf (doesn't use SVG yet).
2. SVG and RDF are both XML applications.
5. I don't know what do you mean by "drag-and-drop editing of paths"?
joined the Amaya team. His plan is to develop this functionality.
Previous message: Sean B. Palmer: "Re: Befunge-93 TAG To HTTP Conversion Program"
Reply: Charles McCathieNevile: "Re: using Annotea SVG support to annotate images"
Maybe reply: Irene Vatton: "Re: using Annotea SVG support to annotate images" | {
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*note: These workshops were originally planned to be one full day event. We are splitting them into a series of individual workshops.
For more information, contact Wendy Wilson at [email protected].
As part of our Green and Healthy New Year series of workshops, this class on essential oils will get you started on crafting your own self-care and beauty products made from plant-based and natural ingredients. Paula will educate you about the botanical background of some essential oils such as lavender, bergamot, and peppermint and you will use your knowledge and skills to blend your own signature scent. Students will also create and take home a 4oz essential oil diffusing home spray, and 4oz of either an essential oil blended body oil or body butter!
Treat yourself or a loved one to this special class. Gift certificates are available- email Wendy Wilson at [email protected] for a beautiful gift card for someone special. | {
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Christina Russo Recognized As Top Industry Professional
Posted On08/29/2018
ContributorErin Jasper
Nelson's Vice President of Marketing, Christina Russo, was named to the Staffing Industry Analysts (SIA) 2018 list of the top 40 staffing industry professionals under the age of 40, for the second year in a row.
The global advisor on staffing and workforce solutions has unveiled its annual 40 Under 40 list, recognizing a unique set of leaders on the cutting-edge work in North America. Nelson's Christina Russo is one of the influential individuals named to this year's list, making her mark through innovation, efficiency, and diligence. The list is not a ranking but a recognition of talented professionals elevating the industry.
Christina joined Nelson as the youngest Executive team member in 2015 and has continued to foster company growth through innovative programs, processes, and initiatives. In addition to being included on SIA's 2017 40 under 40 list, Christina was also named to SIA's inaugural Top Millennials in Staffing list in 2016.
As a disruptive industry leader, Christina is constantly perusing innovative ways to challenge new markets. "It's been fun to deep-dive into the HR tech world again and see what's out there to help us push forward." Christina says. "My current focus is on researching go-to-market strategies, buyer profiles and what it would take to reach the masses without adding more work to the desk of the recruiter."
"We are delighted to acknowledge these dynamic trailblazers — CEOs, entrepreneurs, digital gurus, business pundits and workforce specialists, among others – who represent the next generation of leaders in the workforce solutions ecosystem," said Subadhra Sriram, Publisher and Editor, SIA. "Compelled by a desire to improve the lives of people, they are shaping the world of work in unprecedented ways."
Christina's full honoree can be view on the 40 Under 40 2018 website. The list, along with the profiles of those recognized, also debuts in print in the September 2018 issue of Staffing Industry Review. A reception is planned to honor these talented leaders during SIA's upcoming conference Collaboration in the Gig Economy taking place October 4-5 2018 in Dallas.
Spread the word and share this article
Nelson Named Largest Bay Area Staffing Firm
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Nelson Named Number 36 on San Francisco Business Times' 2019 Bay Area Corporate Philanthropist List
Spare Change to Make Change: Nelson Celebrates beCAUSE Day
Nelson Executives to Join Staffing Industry Analysts Panel on Sales and Marketing Synergy
Nelson CEO Joe Madigan Honored on Staffing Industry 100 List for 2019 | {
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A cheesy Fennel & Potato Gratin recipe.
Grease the baking dish with 1 tsp of vegetable oil.
Boil the potatoes in a saucepan with lightly salted boiling water for about 8 minutes or until cooked and just tender (be careful not to overcook the potatoes or they'll begin to fall apart). Once the potatoes are tender, drain and set aside.
Meanwhile, add 1 tablespoon margarine or butter and 1 tbsp oil to a saucepan over a medium heat. Gently fry the fennel and onion, stirring occasionally, for 10-15 minutes, or until soft.
Add layers of the cooked potatoes and the cooked fennel and onion to the baking dish. Season each layer with a little salt and pepper and repeat, finishing with a layer of the fennel and onion on top.
To make the roux sauce, melt 2 tablespoons of margarine or butter in a saucepan over a medium heat, then mix in the flour whilst stirring continuously. Pour a little milk into the mixture and work into a smooth paste. Continue to add small quantities of milk until the smooth paste becomes thick and creamy. Pour in the remaining milk and half the gruyere cheese, stir well until the cheese has melted. Season to taste.
Preheat the grill to a high temperature.
Pour the sauce over the potato and fennel. Sprinkle the remaining cheese evenly over the potato. Transfer to the grill and cook until the top is golden and bubbly. | {
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I am Assistant Professor in the History of Science and Technology at the University of Warwick.
Before joining Warwick, I completed my PhD at the University of Cambridge and held the Adrian Research Fellowship at Darwin College.
My research engages broadly with the global history of science and technology, from 1750 to the present day.
I write regularly for national newspapers, websites and magazines, as well as appearing on broadcast media.
My first book, Materials of the Mind, was published by the University of Chicago Press in 2019.
I'm currently writing a trade book on the global history of science for Penguin | Viking, due for publication in 2022. | {
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For asset managers, achieving the position of "trusted advisor" is no easy task. It requires a multifaceted approach and engagement with a potential partner throughout their buyer's journey. Providing insightful and relevant content in an easily accessible format is one way a manager can stand out.
86% of investors say they take action on content they receive, with 41% doing so at least weekly.
63% of institutional investors now consume social media while less than half regularly consume finance-specific trade publications.
68% of investors used social media to research asset management firms in 2018, up from 36% in our 2015 study. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} | 5,321 | [
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import json
from kraken.core.maths import *
print "=============="
print "Instance Test"
print "=============="
rotOrder = RotationOrder()
print "RotationOrder: " + str(rotOrder)
print "order: " + str(rotOrder.order)
print ""
print "\n========="
print "Is Tests"
print "========="
xyzRotationOrder = RotationOrder(0)
print "RotationOrder: " + str(xyzRotationOrder)
print "Order is XYZ: " + str(xyzRotationOrder.isXYZ())
print "Is in (XZY, ZYX or YXZ): " + str(xyzRotationOrder.isReversed())
print ""
yzxRotationOrder = RotationOrder(1)
print "RotationOrder: " + str(yzxRotationOrder)
print "Order is YZX: " + str(yzxRotationOrder.isYZX())
print "Is in (XZY, ZYX or YXZ): " + str(yzxRotationOrder.isReversed())
print ""
zxyRotationOrder = RotationOrder(2)
print "RotationOrder: " + str(zxyRotationOrder)
print "Order is ZXY: " + str(zxyRotationOrder.isZXY())
print "Is in (XZY, ZYX or YXZ): " + str(zxyRotationOrder.isReversed())
print ""
xzyRotationOrder = RotationOrder(3)
print "RotationOrder: " + str(xzyRotationOrder)
print "Order is XZY: " + str(xzyRotationOrder.isXZY())
print "Is in (XZY, ZYX or YXZ): " + str(xzyRotationOrder.isReversed())
print ""
zyxRotationOrder = RotationOrder(4)
print "RotationOrder: " + str(zyxRotationOrder)
print "Order is ZYX: " + str(zyxRotationOrder.isZYX())
print "Is in (XZY, ZYX or YXZ): " + str(zyxRotationOrder.isReversed())
print ""
yxzRotationOrder = RotationOrder(5)
print "RotationOrder: " + str(yxzRotationOrder)
print "Order is YXZ: " + str(yxzRotationOrder.isYXZ())
print "Is in (XZY, ZYX or YXZ): " + str(yxzRotationOrder.isReversed())
print ""
print "\n=========="
print "String Tests"
print "==========="
xyzRotationOrder = RotationOrder('YXZ')
print "RotationOrder: " + str(xyzRotationOrder)
print "Order is YXZ: " + str(xyzRotationOrder.isYXZ())
print ""
print "\n=========="
print "Set Tests"
print "=========="
utilOrder = RotationOrder()
print "RotationOrder: " + str(utilOrder)
utilOrder.setXYZ()
print "Order is XYZ: " + str(utilOrder.isXYZ())
print ""
print "RotationOrder: " + str(utilOrder)
utilOrder.setYZX()
print "Order is YZX: " + str(utilOrder.isYZX())
print ""
print "RotationOrder: " + str(utilOrder)
utilOrder.setZXY()
print "Order is ZXY: " + str(utilOrder.isZXY())
print ""
print "RotationOrder: " + str(utilOrder)
utilOrder.setXZY()
print "Order is XZY: " + str(utilOrder.isXZY())
print ""
print "RotationOrder: " + str(utilOrder)
utilOrder.setZYX()
print "Order is ZYX: " + str(utilOrder.isZYX())
print ""
print "RotationOrder: " + str(utilOrder)
utilOrder.setYXZ()
print "Order is YXZ: " + str(utilOrder.isYXZ())
print "equal:" + str(xyzRotationOrder == yzxRotationOrder)
print "not equal:" + str(xyzRotationOrder != yzxRotationOrder) | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} | 9,198 | [
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— Things I never knew I wanted.
— Food, gas and groceries.
— Stocks, bonds, investment properties, etc.
— A swipe of my credit card.
But enough about my ramblings — get out there and take the quiz. I want to see if you learn anything about yourself today, or if you already knew you were a Budgeting Bad A$$. Or, if you prefer, you can take your chances & click this randomly generated old post of mine instead. 50/50 chance it'll be cooler.
Thanks for the quiz…that was fun. I am "Sitting Pretty"…the female equivalent to you based on the description.
Lol, sweet quiz. I got Green machine too! Although it describes me perfectly, the description is kind of boring! I'm all about enjoying my hard earned money though. Once in a while, I like to treat myself. But, then I feel guilty and save save save to make up for the spending that just happened, does that make me crazy or what!
Mine is kind of silly. "Sitting Pretty." I mean it's good and all, but what kind of heroine name is that?!?
I am Bling Bling LOL!
@CityFlips – Kinda makes you lazy sounding, huh?
@Catherine – now THAT is a superhero! haha… love it.
I have a house, thank you. I closed on my refi on Monday, in fact, and dropped down to a 20 year mortgage and dropped 2%. I don't need to improve my credit score (775, booyah!), and the biggest thing I'll need to get is either a new (used) car or get mine fixed.
The quiz is cute and fun, but I came out as Sitting Pretty too. Didn't know I had to be pretty in order to be a financial superhero. Reminds me of an article I read the other day about how ugly people make less money.
I am the wild enigma lol.
Green Machine here too. Only "tight-fisted" to knock the crap out of this variable rate student loan debt!
I'm Bling Bling as well. I'm working on changing this.
I really don't think I spend that much, but I don't really track what I am spending. Definitely not balling like it seems to say I am.
Thanks for posting this, J! It was fun!
What a fun quiz! I tried it out and I got 'Sitting Pretty'. Yea; we purchased a home within our budget last year, so we're doing pretty good.
No Fun – I was Bling Bling……but the descriptiion is certainly NOT me. I have a bugdet, know where my money is going, no flashy wardrobe or noticeable car.
@slug – Yeah, GREAT plan for sure.
@Becky – I know, I wish there were more options… guess then it would be too long for people to want to try out?
@Lauryn – You should try tracking your spending for 1 month and see what happens :) I was pretty shocked at what I found!
@Trinnie S – Baby time!!!!!!!!!!!!!
@Elle – Well done my friend :) We purchased ours OUT of budget years ago, so you win!
My super powers are to save every Pennie when I can , Avoid fast food at all costs, but its one of my biggest weakness's. Never use a credit card again, use my prepaid ones i use. Soon if my banks start adding more fee's Ill disassociate my self with them. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} | 2,492 | [
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Offering a fitness centre and indoor pool, Hampton Inn Pratt is situated in Pratt in the Kansas Region. You will find a 24-hour front desk at the property.
the hotel Hampton Inn Pratt so we can give you detailed rates for the rooms in the desired period. | {
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Batman Forever: Battier Gets His Due
| Basket |
Houston Press | March 16, 2008 | 10:07pm
Maybe people will start noticing now.
Shane Battier doesn't put up big numbers. He doesn't show up on highlight reels with nasty dunks. He's been called everything from a glue guy, to Mr. Intangibles. But he's so much more than that. Battier is a sensational defensive player. And after spending his afternoon harassing Kobe Bryant—and forcing the MVP candidate into a miserable 11-33 shooting performance—it's about time people recognize it.
"That's Batman, man," said Chuck Hayes after the game. "He [Battier] did a great job. Kobe's a tough guy to cover, but he made him work. Every shot he made him work."
True to form, Battier deflected most of the praise.
"Chasing that guy [Bryant] around, you want a Budweiser or two after the game, cause you've earned it.
"I saw how good Kobe was my rookie year when I was in Memphis. Everyone makes a big deal about his 81 point game against the Raptors, but he gave me personally about 63 my rookie year in three quarters. And nobody really talks about it. So he would have surpassed 81 that day. Look, the guy is unbelievable."
What was the lesson you learned that day?
"That you have to go to church more. That's probably the only way that you can slow him down."
It's not all divine inspiration. Battier has plenty of tricks up his sleeve. I've mentioned this before—and ESPN.com's John Hollinger pointed it out as well after the game—but Battier is a master at darting his hand right in front of a jump-shooter's eyes the moment the ball is about to be released.
"I was taught at a young age to contest every shot," says Battier. "If you can't block it, at least get a hand in their face, or get your hand around the ball just to give the [shooter] one more thing to think about. I know as an offensive player, I don't like when people are around my hands and my face, so I just try to be a little annoying and keep a hand in the face, like every good elementary kiddie-ball coach teaches you."
Of course, if it's so simple, why doesn't everyone else do it? Battier can't answer that question, but for him it's all a matter of survival.
"I'm not feeding my family and my dogs on my athletic ability and my highlights and dunks. So I gotta feed them somehow and defense it as good as any.
"I want people to think I'm as slow and un-athletic as possible. Every time I step on that floor, I want people to think I don't belong in the NBA. I think that gives me an advantage."
You're not doing a very good job of convincing people you don't belong these days.
"Trust me, I'm not physically imposing, and I will still say I'm slow and un-athletic. So that's my story and I'm sticking to it."
Fine, Shane. Whatever works. Just as long as everyone else realizes the truth:
He belongs. Does he ever. - Jason Friedman
The Houston Press is a nationally award-winning, 31-year-old publication ruled by endless curiosity, a certain amount of irreverence, the desire to get to the truth and to point out the absurd as well as the glorious.
Betting Odds on Next Houston Texans Head Coach
From Austin to Houston: Winter Wonderland Time on the Highway...
Acevedo Says Houston Police Officer Part of the D.C. Mob That...
The Main Difference Between the Capitol Insurrection and the... | {
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Root Shed
FYI WIRZ: NASCAR fan weekend festivities pamper Daytona and Charlotte fans
by root shed
Local NASCAR fans in Daytona Beach and Charlotte areas get special inexpensive chances to see and talk to numerous NASCAR driver celebrities. These choice weekends have been carved early into 2013 preseason weeks, before the laps count.
Daytona's Fan Fest includes on-stage driver appearances on-track testing in January while Charlotte's Acceleration Weekend is a convention center interactive event in February.
NASCAR fans in the Charlotte area won't have to drive to Daytona in January to see favorite drivers because more than 50 will headline the 2013 NASCAR Acceleration Weekend on Feb. 8-10. Besides driver appearances and autograph sessions the event will also feature sixth-generation NASCAR Sprint Cup Cars in full color paint schemes.
The Charlotte folks will have to wait for the full NSCS field to roar into Charlotte Motor Speedway with the first Cup race of the year on May 26, but they also get treated to the Sprint All-Star Race the week before on May 18.
NASCAR Acceleration Weekend details should interest many in North Carolina and even nearby states.
Courtesy of NASCAR:
For the second-consecutive year, reigning NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion Brad Keselowski, five-time premier series winner Jimmie Johnson and NASCAR's most popular driver Dale Earnhardt Jr. will help race fans celebrate the past, present and future of NASCAR. The return of NASCAR Acceleration Weekend – a fan-friendly, interactive experience – is scheduled for Feb. 8-10, 2013, at the Charlotte (N.C.) Convention Center and includes the 2013 NASCAR Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony and NASCAR Preview 2013.
NASCAR Acceleration Weekend tickets are on sale now and available at www.nascaracceleration.com and the NASCAR Hall of Fame box office. Tickets for Friday night's Induction Ceremony start at $45. In addition, a $20 ticket will gain fans all-day access into NASCAR Preview 2013 and the NASCAR Hall of Fame on Saturday, February 9.
More than 50 drivers across NASCAR's three national series – NASCAR Sprint Cup, NASCAR Nationwide and NASCAR Camping World Truck Series – are scheduled to participate in the all-day NASCAR Preview 2013 event. Fans will have the opportunity to interact with drivers and secure autographs, participate in driver Q&A sessions, get a first-look at the new sixth-generation NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race cars and paint schemes and check out various interactive displays, among other activities.
"We are excited about bringing NASCAR Acceleration Weekend back to Charlotte this year," said Kim Brink, NASCAR managing director of brand, consumer and series marketing. "It is one of our biggest fan events to kick off the season and provides unprecedented access to our best drivers, new cars and the NASCAR Hall of Fame."
The weekend's activities begin Friday, February 8, with the 2013 NASCAR Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony. The five inductees are Buck Baker, Cotton Owens, Herb Thomas, Rusty Wallace and Leonard Wood. Legendary broadcasters Ken Squier and Barney Hall will also be honored with the inaugural Squier-Hall Award for Media Excellence for their significant contributions to the success of NASCAR during their distinguished careers as media members covering the sport.
The following day, Saturday, February 9, NASCAR Preview 2013 begins at 7 a.m. in the Charlotte Convention Center. Similar to last year's event, the all-day fan festival will feature autograph and on-stage Q&A sessions by top drivers from all three national series, the new sixth-generation NASCAR Sprint Cup cars and paint schemes, giveaways and activities for fans of all ages.
Six major NASCAR tracks are within a day's drive of Tampa. Great destinations justify journeys.
Here the NASCAR venue is considered local if tracks are within a 10 hour drive from Tampa—Daytona International Speedway, Homestead-Miami Speedway, Atlanta Motor Speedway, Darlington Raceway, Talladega Superspeedway and Charlotte Motor Speedway.
FYI WIRZ is the select presentation of motorsports topics by Dwight Drum at Racetake.com. Unless otherwise noted, all quotes were obtained from personal interviews or official release materials provided by sanctions, teams or track representatives.
FYI WIRZ: NASCAR season warms up at Daytona with Preseason Thunder Fan Fest
FYI WIRZ: NASCAR not dormant long as December testing revs up in Charlotte
FYI WIRZ: Daytona bringing speed to Preseason Thunder testing and SPEED to fans
FYI WIRZ: NASCAR and NHRA champions talk contender catapult
FYI WIRZ: Easy ride with NASCAR champion Ricky Stenhouse at fast Homestead-Miami
FYI WIRZ: NASCAR's Chase has shrunk top contenders to 3 for last 2 races
© 2020 Root Shed · Contact · Privacy | {
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