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e i w tv v b on n the growth with ef r i and of ml and effective ttie it is contrary to all that either spain or england will but if danger h them or if arising lo england the oc to spain i the of the in their apprehensions all future and prevail one to and on other to at the grant ar by what promises by what threats by what we tlie consent of the american how wc prevail o h to the man valuable of o admit i h to a formidable and active people whose are in every m with own e and jar with whose will all lo narrow and bounds make on their harmony and ence the master of will be placed so as lo in the most effectual manner these interests it is that he his hai ds the all the the mountains he dispense or at his pleasure see mt the mighty influence tliat tliis power will give us over the of these states the sources from which m derived his it is presumed were original us he travelled tn this country the period of french hb thou com of little value since the valley of i have become better understood yet tend to establish tin importance of the acquisition no in a political than in an point of view mr is known to the public as the author of a more account of that country had his situation at one of the who for several assisted in the l of land in was particularly favourable to his gaining correct information respecting those parts which he visited since the of his former work on he has collected a variety of materials on the topics expressed in the page which the a of the public for all that treats of the new has called into circulation some in pi ru ing these works art solely by a thirst for others v to guide their ii grating steps by the light they afford and a still greater fl j perhaps desire to estimate the prospects of relatives or friends who either arc their or who carry with them the hopes wishes of those they leave behind to such these precious of the map to the volume we shall better d to judge after the publication of a of i by dr john h robinson of recently announced this gentleman we believe is the same who accompanied lieutenant in his travels and from his long residence n that part of the country is no ti to do i i on i to undertaking as of the united states mr s w with m li ih which i the best we have an ie the relative po of to the adjacent states it is not more happy and besides mr s former map of on a scale often miles to an inch far more minute and actor after all to k of is but known and lime i to us more perfect development i he of bay wherein the rivers into it art laid down with the position of the and t in that ia new and be regarded as an ion to our of knowledge on the subject slender as il ia at present of the m l country indeed and the territory on which information deficient mr gives the in print a pan of this we quote of towns that have been begun in the valley of mm important are fort st and stands upon the west side of the bay of that n this town though amongst in i by tbe is yet of but little consequence it is upon a high bank of the bay is dry and commanding but the approach harbour fur vessels more than eight feet water is and the plan of the bay will exhibit its clearly than be done by any description vessels can tie very near the shore the it completely sheltered from or attack of an enemy by water the country in its rear is unsettled pine woods i here arc no extensive nearer than washington or above tbe n lai v many very serious to the advance of but the most is the rise of a rival town in a more convenient situation for commercial upon east side of bay in n this town has been only a little more than a year it has some pre advantages over one of which is that the same wind tliat a vessel to enter bay will carry her to the of which is not ihe case respecting is an open road to tbe rapidly improving country on the m it is most likely will become of f there ia a vigorous between the two towns at present but the obvious su of the of will probably be in i favour j st is the west bank of the at n this lawn stands at he bead of and is in a of rapid improvement the amount of the commercial business already done at this town in is the most wealthy and best country on the of and great t je vo k rises in value x v able fl a i y land oi d for f a s i js vol xi point between boat h p lai confer on r above or this maintain relative rank it is or the of for the it bu m great the united that j but facility can to any wealth or their being selected for the seats of or of justice gives but trivial it is to tbe people of hi whether or not it remain ihe seal of fort river the same relative position on stream that i st on i the former town has risen since the end of last great britain like all other places in the | 48 |
the atmosphere in cloud of coal dust in october by a reduced at least of that fuel was consumed daily i a space of about two and a quarter miles to this is added a scene of activity tliat reminds the spectator that he is within a commercial port though o miles from the several good and many good are scattered over the city but often from the of strangers ready lion b to procure of every kind abound two are held weekly the which contributed most after its relative to secure the of is the mass of it from a i i t ne en i i i i i coal that in iu the coal like all other bo diet in the in and a half f it thick of pure coal the arc above low level or al the of from the of from the mouth of the in the cellar of the the medium price and cents per or two cent per coal in bill which rise more than four feet above low water mark i than eighty or one hundred feet of earth re ts i the coal bed the of the l u found greatly it noticed that the perfectly level with each other in the ik of i tbey are divided into three the and mom is of the the ou u mn which lie city of the river the su i ly of the city i taken from ihe l of second i an is from ihe two i arc by an act of ihe mate c to be built over the rivers in places calculated to with the adjacent country and to together the scattered and the mc commercial community the advice to is sensible and merits the attention of that s of i hat they arc and t the value of in their proceedings is well for to none arc tile of experience better recommended than to the ardent and adventurer expecting much tliat which a careful appreciation at would have great are the difficulties which to the new is his reward the its dream of hap i while comes too late we do not wish to be understood as the pursuit of superior advantages on a distant soil it is to e who setting out with exaggerated are likely to return the language of counsel is addressed ere they adopt the most important step of their lives let m read and consider the that present even in the high road to success in our remarks on page vol we dwelt upon the benefits to be d from a plan for the union of interests both as to mutual and aid with their usual success and as u connecting point for all such whose might be m otherwise our picture we are pleased to find wai not for mr in the state of bids fair to bring about the of our most flattering hopes notes on a journey to the by this author give the countenance of ex to bodies having an unity of object and of opinion amply iv i work b wa m waa bv i n d in travel into country see review the present volume our former notice of we have heard of a abroad of cr hundred persons many of them of large patched a nt gentleman to this for the of b favourable position for an agricultural ic establishment with a of a million of dollars well that they ha e resolution of both plan for manufacture is the hand maid of and gives to lu productions an value indeed when in the raw slate they not of tion such is of our soil and climate throughout the in a various and wide spread that there is in point of material which our part or other does not supply labour may be costly but arc there not labour saving machines that require the chiefly of youths the aid of women and yet the work of horses it was manufacture that enriched the resolution overcame difficulty and thej found a market for their in all die country round their lo all a pr lesson in that sure reward which has crowned the join of union and before the present we must be allowed remark upon the unusually long list of the a degree of that can only imply a want of due respect to the public from the with which they are treated on behalf of the reading community il is our duty to express disappointment at the occurrence we meet with it in the h there are numerous overlooked ex h of the which are noticed an of the offence an author is with the neglect of i proof upon a review of the features of society in our new settlement it affords us much satisfaction to thai the important business of education is assigned a due rank in public lands arc set for the support of and has wisely provided for the instruction of the equally witli the rich education as it is the attribute of of la whole mr h on ar bill lo the of t m ur to am s i and and for tm of late as a flat with th i ot die h tke n if d i m ra hi the t e a m w m on i to hu powers and the of his usefulness aiid his it to is per the right cultivation of oil he of lands construction of c i bridges all the ok of and of directed by ability it ta to sec new flourishing iii the vigor of youth and freshness where a few years since there was but howling wilderness our countrymen they are the of knowledge and useful arts the v | 48 |
mansion the house l lo worship the busy factory now rear their heads where all one t waste they are the pro r works of m in the worthy to enjoy die dominion have acquired thy t j aud the of art and all uie civility of kind hy out the and in of art deep in and pour d but idle all in slept ic corruption still liberal of d a r fear and iu tlie d of pr j or sir liis the fierce sod il e with r d d hail rain and and u r if ft l lo and ihe wild pin d for borne lie had mil home is of of plenty and d and but h felt for the af of rt be ob a mr p aid tliat ol ind in lo it liad ii n of the good on it bad been local and partial ob by u lo ir r e in the u i in a wa and oo aid m in from i m a and no fond be in a new of write ra h la proved sir p mid i nature bad iq tie done in the of in to have xxiv ont mad in roads would be made by ai are wa w s id of a ii t a in and day d d a o time till d and d hb d or art d how to hu by r to dig tho on what o the ng on t i ni uie d gave to hu axe liim lo wood blow br di uie d fabric tore ram be blood and ri m w ot in ti k and flow table pour d around d hi rt d at b w but bolder led um cm to pomp o aod f in lit and he the ef all below men natural d and d a public to the f all far not ri ink me uie full the free fairly w for d l w i i cl and with i a r h ai t tu then nor d that ti va and of their to ai tor alone life is id nod d all i polite the d in pride her h ad and on tl drew into public walk tlie tbe bis d up the loaded with plenty on r band like a wintry of mail shot up the ih d tbe mid the oo bar e d br to around the boat d iti toil bank to d all u ii r i l an delivered at the of the ag aj county cr by j le di ti lent of the new york vo tv e with much well written di aiid anxious xi wc ore lu every which t ie growing prosperity of our country we shall extract from it as stem most calculated to our readers it is indeed most j evidences of the rapid advancement of the united states dial n county the immediate of s harbour which our was a wilderness is at this day the he ad quarters of b division of our army u naval station and what is of more importance is cultivated hy an industrious and enlightened population of this latter remark the little work before us evidence they have early perceived that after clearing the land the next is lo assist its productive powers by judicious modes of cultivation by the culture to nature of the soil and the climate by human labour a well regulated of crops by all the arts of k im which we are to mv too little in this country the example of society ia well of imitation in more districts the is written without hut with an and good sense becoming the the remarks on the productions calculated for the middle states arc ly interesting as being the result of the writer s experience in and even to general readers the picture which is drawn of the country on su will tie found well worthy of examination after an appropriate mr ray proceeds the first notions of and at the and lam arc indebted for the of their and their high id ai the to prove the immense importance of aj in speaking of called me r r characters and one of the distinguished of england great prosperity of english to the establish meat of agricultural we find loo in these infant states specimens of the which such can procure to the country i allude more particularly lu the agricultural society that of county as being to us can sec in what s short period a style of and which already produced the the first to c sure has evinced much gi success but it we lo the in he age oi first settlement and of the of their we find the latter not t the land which the ana st v ci t of was a complete ii v as when v v m in bond ami laid xx b i on grin mill which erected n it it hai now the lo in in this t tc first t r hav public of i j t recent their annual w s in october i on example more ai bj greater i us more ca y to ana o a and profitable he then states the advantages to be derived from d as an encouragement to the i account of the country in which th labours of the to be so useful i not a portion of nor of its better i than the united s ate i tt large will more pa ol our part of the it if to our cf | 48 |
on the map of the stale o thai by the i of its climate and of il must every resource lo what cannot be met will in any other is he lit of the inhabitants to receive an i all new and they are ly free from prejudices which the part the people in the old notions of europe a dreadful and almost ie barrier to the progress of by natural and by with the new s from different parts of the american people easily their valuable improve ments in arts or the stationary hi bits their no people in the ld have a to that which he people of america happily for talents and mechanical arts then if we consider that the high price labour adds a great to we hill find sufficient to expect the more extensive of that peculiar i the united states now let us come nearer our homes and within our uie cause of encouragement our climate is acknowledged by to be healthy those too who have been the longest in these parts arc persuaded by experience it is favourable c but some are yet well with the country r some doubts the extent and importance of our on that score they might operate ihe of our i that important question no person will that during the summer months our people will work not only more cheerfulness yet to more when oppressed i the excessive and there doubt that our i cold are much more apt to a l prepare for hard labour than open wet and positions the same must operate also u working faculties of animals employed un the farms i ut it is alleged that we have to winter much longer than in t countries where the snow covers the for a few days only ami at periods of ihe winter granted but if it is in that the offered to the farmer by a snow than double and ii l te am i i c n d i k e tt m saw t in tho winter would be c than sufficient but who not i time l speedy mode of travelling l a to country all vegetation from from neither w forget tint every road becomes a tor ever of the country to travel in whatever direction his or may lead him picture to o tliat a succession of deep of hard frozen ground and sometimes a mixture of your oxen and e then have a great deal more trouble to the same work and ct c so much strength and as to require at as much food a to more than the sum of hay e to give your in keeping them longer in the stable the to of our cattle seems to be er when applied to cows and first i refer you to those t and prefer to have them the even the most open and a k ih t and f lo whose agricultural school arc sent scholars from parts of l bim why in the of a large ii d productive farm and line pasture he prefers to have his cows confined in the stable as well at his oxen and not only in win l r but all the year as to the sheep if they do not repay you bv ihe addition of health and wool the difference tf any is but small will tell you that we could not preserve our l from if we were to them in e i the improper place will endeavour to show them their error by quoting two last winter the most severe over felt in the united states kept a of sheep entirely in the open em without any not even a lack as their hay was daily thrown to them upon the snow the other fact no less is more curious in the fall of mr wells of sent a flock of three hundred sheep to one of islands near us they were left all tlie winter without any other food than wliat they could find in the woods yet were found in the spring in very good order indeed much better than when driven there there was but one of tlie flock lost and that was a buck supposed to been killed by an old have thought this fact more interesting to be noticed as it v than any other to explain how we are our relative with lake for tlie comparative of with that of more southern without the winds which in the winter are softened by over the bodies of to us with a more moderate how would we that of the cold between our situation and more southern countries without making on upon your to too distant remember only last winter while fuu were reading accounts of travellers being in their at tlie end of and beginning of march in the of and even in the parts of l by the too great depth of and while you was shocked by the w details in tm w of the death ot b v in s farther then you v v a wa ni lo our und n n i ft single or from at very wc in public and hear fl to and wi sl o u s in v and t h wc scarcely to c in i b ii the of he we c n even m time by vl k ttie op i in canada n over philadelphia now if we c to tl e lt of our ne iti it new motive of and mom f for the la ill i points where it receives the waters of the c lakes termed inland you ran communicate with l on the borders st choice lo take them your produce or receive in change as mutual e li ii their in have lo you to | 48 |
li were quietly building those as to the wc cannot ba deemed as being upon a to between i us we have a large and well settled the test of va hat taught us to l c tree from r f indians why then my fellow citizens with such uncommon wc yet so many among us who have not made more rapid towards the desired competent and independent prosperity wc find the answer in two able by persons in this count to me but with whom sincerely in reply to th question the first himself a farmer answers bad management fear must be reply if it is table to any other cause how comes it that a few i i us wh have managed well have accumulated wealth with j i do wc not know that ten acres cultivated in i k i will support a pretty large family a farmer who has from five to ten that amount of land ought to lay up a considerable sum there is no difficulty in so if the right course is pursued tho other who signs himself a friend to the society tells i our soil though extremely productive has been too much neglected the attention of the people has been too much turned to speculations and has been followed fur a rather that of plough idea of getting rich at once has the let us then unite all our and convinced of peculiar ad ol let us consider that the wisest and most honourable way realize is tu all proper measures for the advance men of let us consider it as the safest means of h morality s comfort and wealth and what is more valuable lu feelings the freedom and happiness of c united states whereof nothing can so essentially it mom ihe base on which freedom and happiness arc l from the proceedings of the society we extract the following ic in favour of domestic the and was offered hy anti adopted h t it becomes all who o i m work of my w v teach and as in the of thi k ia of vital in c to our such liberal r vi be by who with of a will infant we that we can this by tu tbe of the society to from the of all foreign productions to the extent may be found with the respective duties they are called upon in life by mc every member of society who shall after the meeting of the society in october next be in the of cloth or cotton as tbe essential articles of of the of the united to tbe of the society dollars to be ii for the encouragement of wc cannot this article without the following letter from the late which is extremely curious and characteristic sm rom hon have and read with an address to tlie agricultural society of county in tbe state of new york and as i not from whom it came who i thank for it but us author i rejoice in every new society which for object and see with delight that the spirit i through the united if i could any of tbe heathen gods it would be old i believe hint to be only an of and the children he devoured to be only his own grapes and apples and wheat and i agree with you in the main in every relative to grapes and com wc cannot have ct roast beef im r perfect roast spare ribs perfect poultry without wc t sacrifice a little luxury to a great deal of public good from style of address i not have suspected it to have been written by any other a native of this ci years ago i little thought i should live to see the heir ap parent to the palaces and of my fellow in the republican wilderness of america laying tbe of more ample and perhaps more splendid palaces i motto of the hotel which i hid then the honour to c se move if you stand well stand but you have proved the not to be and i rejoice in ii your sincere well and most servant john le ray de est iii the c by second edition philadelphia a of by a lady a edition new york he labours of the cook arc oa i s t tht y may t e said y o v m rod they the t t j oa that sickness which m from like he literary pursuits of re l they have therefore had and and in this a of theory e of e h a arranged and formed a science a ire ce it our duly to keep our readers acquainted with tlie in all its branches wc had intended to give some account oi the works to article the most we believe of the on this important we fin however in the la i number of the k h magazine a review i several of the last and french on whit we prefer acting as it contains much curious learning plays a of a science with which general are alas but acquainted j imperial par paris don and country cook or by m london and as taught mr m a complete c by glass by a london is unquestionably the most excellent of all science it is entitled to this distinction from the measure in which o our comfort and from the engaging si f its detail i and the of the which the the the natural and the contribute largely to increase our ledge but add nothing to our and however wide extended the i of may ik there in much bon to fear they will leave us at last just as uncomfortable lu us in it is not so | 48 |
its end and essence is the sphere of our if it not this it nothing it fails in the very object which iu sole purpose to the records of other are addressed ly to the learned and by the learned only can their merit t be but the volumes of are addressed to the body of mankind all are interested tn their contents and all ma pro t by their perusal in this consists superiority may boast over every other scientific pursuit e praises may be shared in some degree by the and t physician yet in their full extent they are only lo cook nor arc these opinions singular are the though perhaps the sentiments of a t of mankind the world in general betray a might ut the motion of the but are exceedingly i ted about the motion of the f if nor can lied that the fame of the of the is ic read than that ot l of hen a n c s u right it l e so surely who most to our b most entitled to our what have we who arc i of the witli y pin el than our own our at all yet they to ity comfortably without it and were it lo from the firm i really conceive how we should be much the hut deprive ua of a and you deprive us at once of an ei f ti our becomes und you steal the from our and i am aware that it might appear somewhat absurd to mi n of an and un philosophical understanding were to my nt by a between the fame of i foot and of lord but i have im in declaring my decided opinion that m his the has the advantage of the field mar that the fame of these heroes han l een alike widely spread it remains that wc should estimate the value of the respective which they enjoy the fame of the duke of can never be exclusively hi own it is in fact shared among thou and while wc an our admiration of exploits we are likewise our on the army which he commanded but who is there lo share the honours of the of tobacco an hundred will tell you they could have fought as well as lord himself but what will have the im to assert that he can manufacture irish if a thousand mouths are open with the praises of the one thrice that number of noses arc with the of the the benefits derived from the of the general are benefits bestowed on one nation at die expense of another it is therefore impossible that he should be ally x if lord is in england it that he should be detested in france and we find that the fact j s ith the it is not so with the of his invention are spread over the whole globe in hour nay in e ery instant of the day he is pleasure on thousands the fame of the general not commonly increase age the enthusiasm of our admiration is not felt by our and the of glory which wc bestow is not always by posterity but the venerable of has already passed this ordeal of hit merits he has descended in the fulness of his years to th tomb of all the ere he had gathered all his he has found the most lasting monument m and the most honourable in the which bear to show that am altogether without t fi r cry rf from i which i have o draw o i r ii e w o ry poem in o mt v v appeared in the public v n as im i n vol si i on a is most no it u of science there i ao utterly barbarous as to k o heir food some previous the a of a t animal may be truly considered as forming most specific definition of the human race the of is in fact the of and it ii to ti ace of the one having our perpetually to the of the other lu very infancy of society before the invention of has occurred to understanding the age hit l on the embers of his fire and his i with a on the when the of a i of the han with it a of civilization he becomes naturally partial to a more j he is speedily into the of and meat being placed in these and heated on the fire he hia with a in the pan as he is boot very particular al out the of ni the and boil is but a and the addition in prepare i tion of the of few roots and will put him in of something similar to such are the dishes most to a savage appetite and which in the exertion i tile limited means which he is most naturally enabled i fixed to a single spot of earth he without the me of communication with c who enjoying a climate could furnish him with higher pleasures and new gratification to his of the charms of and he is yet entirely ignorant many ages must before he can hope to him h cheese and it im indeed impossible i v back on the of our forefathers without a of pity a ox and about a dozen large i formed the common meal of the most powerful an his il is not two since the usually made her breakfast on salt even id those days the profession of was not wholly hy the royal favour the of ad is still held by the of it dish of for i king at his likewise in his survey of us that the eighth granted an estate in street to and her in | 48 |
i ward by her made wherewith she had him but perhaps the greatest triumph of human genius in tl department was achieved by the chief cook of louis ihe four attribute it to the pen of or thomas il c who not pride in a w whole of so are t aad um im ta o o i h h i on a grand he a pair of ma i ol l with such t skill king lis it to be best l sh had ever ate f such a man was indeed an honour to his and country but he round no successor there is no m europe in which has made s in during the last century all other and art have rapidly advancing amongst us been diffused and wealth accumulated but stood we now live not u whit better than our did before us our ha become in thing but in eating it is true that our meals are now cr more formality than formerly our dinner tables display a little more ornament but in our dinners themselves there is not the shadow of a change the disgusting of race i admit h u been t properly d from our but are several of his primitive companions who with no claims to our favour arc still allowed to insult us with their presence a sheep s head is mill a guest met with at a family dinner he dares his nose in company are a i universal favourite and i blush to say it we are even now in home of a dish of hat indeed can be more than to be addressed at a dinner table by a pair of in such terms as these pray sir allow me to help you you a nice piece of pray permit to a of the what can be more abominable than to see a delicate employed in discussing a plate of or rendering the sweet of her breathing by on a dish u i ce t be and in like i he of the dishes peculiar to scotland may be traced to a spirit of when our forefathers were guilty of the extravagance of killing a or a sheep it was their nothing be those of il which were considered proper for or of were in due or but there were other far too good to be thrown away the head was lo smith s shop in order that the process of burning the might render it fit for the sheep s was cleared of contents in order lo make room for a n if the liver and the lights na the very of the animal were put in and a v process made their at table ii the shape of such i consider to be the m of ihe most brutal diet by which a i from the higher orders os ev v w j w d till too to ui j ct ta hope for an the im thrown on lu by of bang ii race before directing the attention of my to the with the ol have my paper i it necessary to thai the of a k g re t his own with to the of submitted to judgment are to change he is consequently in danger of himself by the hi opinions should he attempt for instance to the ties of office at an hour when the keen air of the morning hat given a double edge to his appetite he is naturally of the t and fervent of roast beef and or boiled leg of mutton with but if on the other hand he his tiu the evening he must engaged at the s moment in the double of his dinner and i i he will regard his former with and be led to declare an exclusive of and pi ot the french impressed with these truths be extremely cautious in offering any remarks oo the of the contained in volumes and shall estimate the value of the different works by the and the precision of details in l ot i ihe te respects the imperial is without a ri among mt m mrs and the of the domestic he stands l l talent he b the half a do x n candles the ox in u drove of mrs si for only nine kinds of soup mrs seventeen mr twenty domestic thirty one in the we find one hundred o nor is this u solitary in in every other department of the book we find n superiority as marked and in that of it our works in the almost incredible ro k ni m of to the author of invaluable is how since the death the celebrated allowed to be the first in europe in preface which is by the native frenchman he seems not entirely of tl c fame which he has acquired he expresses himself thus in order to render tht work in every respect w have added a short m which must only be considered a n the to a im h work entitled in of which i am now engaged with aided b n r en o a v i have no myself in v i w wiu w works have t ii c v r a on v will form ii complete of the of since i t u cut and drink well myself and to t u do ho has been the study of my if time is d mc shall publish some new with to the art oi t ig which i flatter self will discovery i d u of a to society discharged a duty to the public and in sur the six which have already ap of my work may ly exclaim in the honest pride of h so honestly | 48 |
to deny that there arc few writers on c k from whom much instruction derived y ill general contain a which ix to he but a great deal also which may be turned to advantage that the science has not yet attained the fulness of perfect development is at least as fault of the of the but even as things arc wc must all admit that the many bad dinners we are compelled to eat owe their wretchedness more frequently to the of the hostess than the of her cook ii would ih ungrateful in mc to close a on this subject wit ii bearing te to the merits of the hotel from which i write which of the books i have named is the the kitchen inquired but there is a nameless in certain of the dishes done up here that reminds mc of the most fortunate of the and the of a metropolis i conclude briefly but come and to per m ke b p w i a dialogue and lord bacon not lord bacon how can yourself from the charge of a want of and in the very severe and unjust in which you in various parts of your works against and our philosophers while vow are lavish of your upon our tlie of the and italian with whose t v u w as vii r h i s dialogue but imperfectly you allow and of us lived tile ore e and have undoubtedly in our of which were faithfully you all the taste learning u l philosophy of i could endured without a murmur that my works should have ra all variety of fortune have undergone in of and being as from whose there was no lit other times condemned to be burnt by the sentence of u a they were supposed to be or adverse to the errors and but i had a right to anticipate a far different reception of them from you who evidently im understanding in tlie highest degree and inquisitive and were of course capable of and rightly their value great whom nature has cast in her and formed with k many corresponding sympathies who in fact can ever comprehend each should surely be just to the merits of one another while the and task of from the fame of md rivals should i e left to inferior spirits n bo are alike incapable and unconscious of excellence bacon your resentment is natural and your severe but i am certainly inclined to that you will feel disposed to the force ol the one and soften the of the other when take into consideration all the of the case and reflect upon the peculiar nature and object of my and motives by which i was if on some i have been led into what you might and harsh upon your work those of and your philosopher it is to be remark ed in my justification tliat these had no reference to j your and acknowledged merits as writers upon in this respect and more especially those of the i have repeatedly bestowed my most and no one more than myself j that purity of and of expression that ful accuracy and of thought that s force of conception and profound insight into men and things which amidst all the under which we view your piece are still perceptible in many parts of them those powers of and is and that b n d part of u ami o ii bis at the ik w lu o b with to lie li i t ol to all iu iii l ii of tv in hit l ii ci c l i w i c i d and bacon with you constructed nut of all the materials in your p ion the u fabric of your j mi which will ever your productions whatever may l e the from these praises necessary to be made on account of tlie extreme and s of your style the occasional ob ive of your the ties of your logic to a rank among the ht monuments of human genius my objections were not against your productions as efforts of genius many of which even m in which they are conveyed to the ever be regarded aa but against your method of which i am convinced will ever be found to a just interpretation of nature and which had it been to would have closed the door against all those improvements in science which have done so much honour to human reason and have left mankind to for ever amidst the of ignorance and error in the warmth of your zeal to introduce your own method of investigation and your ambition to rear to a monument by the destruction of the old philosophy an l the establishment of the dew have you not allowed to be betrayed into the most and shameful in that sentence of which assuming the authority of a in the republic of letters you have undertaken to pronounce upon your have ou not lost sight of the circumstances under which i wrote that artful s stem of by which all truth was attempted to be confounded and the ver of with which i liad to bacon consideration i have always been of opinion presents the bt t which can be offered for tliat which where your works and covers them at times witli a veil of i h and it must be admitted that ou and the of time with their own weapons but even that logic or to which you had recourse to the of and which with such ingenuity and address vou have raised into a regular structure was not only a useless instrument in the advancement of science as mr i has shown with hi usual clearness and force but was attended also with serious while your | 48 |
ity of travelling over the c compass of nature in quest of instances before w establish any of philosophy or principles of science bacon i will explain to you the of the between your ud of reasoning and mine and the necessity in order to arrive at a just philosophy of a ad to my method after only a partial collection of phenomena if we undertake to or what i have wc forth into the dark and almost always arrive at and or if perchance they are true we cannot repose with entire confidence and full a iu upon them they do not rest up n the foundation of and when therefore a them m settled and established truths we undertake to form out of them a is usually done what i have called or of philosophy wc involve ourselves in a of uncertainty and our reasoning being in the outset only plunge at every step more and more deeply into the error on the other hand reflect upon the method of which i recommend i would have us approach the works of nature for the purpose of contemplation and inquiry under a deep conviction that they present to us a profound obscure into the feeble light of own cannot penetrate and through which reason can make no progress hut with the support and assistance of careful observation our minds from all errors and prejudices or its devotion to the numerous as i call them which occasion to view every object a coloured medium wc should appear at the of the d of nature ax when wc seek to enter into the ae like little f we are to gain ta k re l v as i d h v bs i i t for tho in which wc engaging wc proceed in the of et cautiously and by a carefully all the phenomena presented to our inspection comparing with utmost attention and which are favourable and those und when wc have advanced far enough in the matter of and experience settle our or principles of science and having attained this in our progress wc must with care and collection of to our or general principle and when by process we to great we can safely take a course and apply to the particular cases that arise in this path us at c ery step in the other we n wander into the dark and hj of uncertainty and error my plan is like building a out of solid and by regular from its foundation iu top your a is like attempting to erect the roof and its a before even the is finished to illustrate this matter by the very example with which you have furnished me from works from the operation of the of and shadow of the earth upon t c moon you the the earth is a sphere contrary to the opinion of other philosophers of your time but upon your it ought to have been a perfect globe upon mine it has l en found not to be so but a or at the here jou tliat you too to your the earth is a perfect globe and had you gone on in your usual progress to form from this principle as for instance that all bodies upon the s are equally remote from the centre the degrees of at the poles are equal to those at the you would have fallen in your into the errors the plan which i these errors have l avoided by trusting w to fact and experience the truth is that this from a few particular instances to leap to general conclusions to which tl e human mind finds so temptation in the relief which tliey it from the fatigue of in v estimation is the of philosophy and the productive cause of ail those idle theories which have been n e la dis in n cat ti et ul mu fe ti iii in iu i il n ii or i ud w ii d at t f na a el i bt iu j ic t et i v t v a a e mm a w t t a na w i i r s s aid which by fact and like of a vision h v im ht d lit it of truth und the i of man t but of an in tu in it i with the i o and most utterly fail unless it derive its from powerful you to it the requisite support in u c of the by the potent of mode at bent could but to c l ii i tr to clear and ar iti i li thai now begins to in upon my subject perceive that your of which with address have illustrated recommended and in your it one of those which appear in minds to be the work of a if en then nearer to itself in order that b the of their by and hey may catch from it a beam of ha but before i give way to a sudden in your favour admit your without allow me to inquire are you perfectly certain that you not in this case derived your hint from me you admit i made ok of this thou in a degree and a of its power his ion you of your finest and rob you of honour in great bacon i know thai it has been said that i have copied your works without having the and generosity to acknowledge it out this is a great mistake f to have written upon the of natural philosophy of of of of und und briefly upon almost all tlie branches of science me a of your trade i t i be content | 48 |
to be considered as such but surely no one c find any resemblance in the structure of our several works h fell in with my plan to exhibit specimens of i in many of science but i do not even pretend to made considerable advances in a single one m g to direct others in the path which they should pursue the successful cultivation of science in this attempt j my most nothing can rob you of the and which you have purchased by the effort but j ou ask whether i am no in some degree of the honour of having my of from the it was practised by you and as i am ready to admit by man who ever attempted to reason upon the principles laws and ol nature surely you will not for a maintain such an opinion w of in any ihe all well knew aud v tt i i i i and lord bacon around tend to its c for having conceived the tub l upon i his principle of it k all th of the and its truths wiu the ihe plan and bj which led to discovery of the from the consideration that many minor had been made by preceding along he of africa and europe my of wiu a vo of a project of the globe of nature in quest of materials out of which to the solid fabric of science upon this method of there are no limits to be set to he which ma be made by continued victory after victory m y be and after conquest achieved in the of nature advancing by a slow but sure progress through many a track indeed and as cent we may at length reach those exalted heights from whence we ma catch a view of the of nature and in a kind of philosophic vision from a contemplation of the p t present he able to the future a you my mind with the view which you pre to it of this sublime philosophy while my method of y was a which shed a i and light i through a limited space s is the sun a full i clear ami through universal nature i hu results of the methods which i prescribed the f philosophic world have bom more than a due proportion to any merits you may l c willing allow me in discovery it is the great by which in ail the branches of modem science wonder have been ed it was by following in the track which i had marked out has il to the wonder and astonishment the awful and hitherto impenetrable of the physical world that has fully way through those dark and shady paths in the of nature which appeared to the view and to the of men in a word that all the modem of nature have so triumphantly extended their into her most hidden and remote let no one then deny you the of praise which you have so justly i readily to tjie honour of having been one of die greatest philosophers if not the greatest philosopher of greece and one of the purest that ever lived and i cannot but allow you the merit of having been that master who although he can boast of no discoveries in himself directed other philosophers in the path which tread in order to its successful who by f one bold and all their w himself rendered every a t to his memory and at the same o the fountains of k c i to his fame vi k w cr of mental art v on the cf in pr change of in the living body by j r ai f i s y m r j phenomena produced by or the of th passions on bodily arc universal ly among those of nature which science has hitherto been unable to explore the of a few es which here as has supplied the place of explanation is now ad to c only as a for ignorance it is usual to divide the into and and it is assumed that their influence is excited upon the action of the heart class as a and its activity while the it by acting m a to say nothing of a number of facts which are wholly with this view it may be easily shown that it does not explain those phenomena for which it was designed the and that excessive fear for instance cannot be accounted for in this way for circulation though it may occasion and even fainting if the cause be sufficient is loss of blood yet wa never known to produce violent which in extreme fear came teeth to chatter as it is termed and the frame like the cold fit of an but further there are many arising from mental which are merely local and therefore not by a is general and must operate alike on parts as alter action of the heart we cannot refer to this organ for example the of the face from shame nor the flow of tears grief should the these follows be thought more satisfactory or the on which it rests appear new it is but just to acknowledge that they in part derive origin from hints that may be found in the writings of preceding authors and according to h it the human frame considered as a m being owes the exertion of its movements to the influence of impressions made upon its organs constantly and uniformly them to action now the regularity of their action is to be by more impressions change of feeling ing change of action and such changes may be effected by acting as already or they may proceed which act as remains to be explained the faculty being alike susceptible ut the influence such is the general | 48 |
principle upon which the of tlie appears to depend e the effects produced will be to t na j of each of mental a tbe object at present in view is to investigate heir effects than their nature and origin the latter will he con no further is indispensable terms employed it will not he to inquire whether each be the result of or from the combined influence of nor will there he occasion lo all the forms and varieties they as their general mode of action may be sufficiently illustrated by the t the others being either of e or in their operation and the mo i e in a point of view are grief jo fear hope anger and love their influence is most clearly evinced and their excess productive of the most serious consequences others of minor importance are anxiety which is merely an of fear and hope which ix or in the of hatred which i t a less but more permanent form of anger jealousy which ia of love and anger and y which is a compound of anger and ambition ft besides these there arc some others such as pride and shame which may he distinct emotions but arc too limited in their or too transient in their effect to merit examination the appear to he more particularly ing of attention from observing the phenomena of the passions the conclusions lo be n are as follow mental n the heart but on the brain or organ of the this being the only part endowed with consciousness and capable of moral feelings i of other is secondary and results from their with the secondly it appears that moral feelings act upon the brain or organ of just as physical impressions do upon the organs of tense alter the circulation of the organs mo mental feelings affect the of the mental organ i it will be found that the changes first produced in the brain and thence communicated to owing to nervous and have also immediate in the system and are just as the influence of impressions is extended lo distant through sympathy the accuracy of the te conclusions will be shown in the separate ot each passion and the careful analysis of the phenomena it grief grief cannot he considered as a i ti i one remarkable mil i ix t n i xi si i is the willing it he in sorrow with an or for every thi with its the calls of r and even bodily pain arc disregarded in the slate of p aad abstraction it occasions now thi peculiarity in appears to influence of on the bodily frame which causes every li tion to as the symptoms declare the marks of bodily in the effects of grief a evinced by u e of and in the head with i f the face and of the eyes these are by deep si and interrupted in early life and mode a copious flow of tears and tt relief but in more advanced age and in excessive this fails and worse are apt to as acute pain in the head actual an attack or affections or su death he brain i the seat of the changes produced from visibly first in parts to organ while the the namely of tl face eyes with of fulness in the head declare reside in the system ami to consist in blood to these to account for their production one of two causes strict be assigned either the blood is sent more than to the e parts or it meets usual when it arrives in them lu would not increase there now grief surely does not belong to the class of passions which arc to as a and the action of tlie heart oo the contrary circulation it i fact found to like other function and the pulse becomes slow and irregular still however tht l in the of the and parts to it and since is no increase in impulse with which it is sent to there must be a in the resistance which these oppose to the of the them for this is the only remaining cause thai can be alleged to account for the unusual point then to be l in wh they op k ance now than usual here the same reasoning which explains the determination blood occasioned bv local or the produced the surface by sensible ofl also a k tion of the produced in the l rain by mental emotions the vessels in common with other organs owe of their moving power lo the of internal t ti i force ta i in the cat t hich habitually i c w v m of i th m to maintain at other a ly uniform degree of but when a m from or tht force of the impressions within their resistance is for a time or yield to d intending determination of to lie part in pa the brain is the of this change mental adapted to act upon the organ of mind but other parts indirectly those to and upon ine with the laws of the like other parts which arc susceptible of owe faculty to the nerve that enter into their texture and derive c nerves from different sources some from l u and some from the system there sufficient reason to doubt that the receive their nerves from the same source as the an of which tliey form a part it is therefore tn be expected that these vessels of the in the affections of the parts to which they belong now the external surface and voluntary organs chiefly with or while those of the internal surface anti derive i from the il is easily conceived why the vessels of the surface more in mental emotions than those of the centre and why those of the face which arc | 48 |
ous to the brain arc more to mental influence and show in the re t of the while of the brain itself the and seat of moral feelings are of all r and most affected by impressions on the mind the flow of team is to same of the them to in the of this local determination their nor in the change confined to them but also to the of the eye and to the ie of the that determination of blood to e p in calculated to pro d appears from similar attending other affections which are alike productive of such as and that grief by upon this gi principle a flow of tears and not from any peculiarity in moral nature exclusively belonging to i seen the same effect attending other mental emotion totally different in moral nature and some opposite to f such a joy and laughter during the of tears is more readily forth owing to the more active circulation attending the and of each organ a explained by and the of these parts thai m earl why tears that flow tn t tie mn w i which i c is by v j m of relative to the mate action of and mouth t mouths like contract when the or leading to s i t to over hence of within certain only i when excessive it of the ui l i s arc the effect of moderate grief while that which is produces often as con or of the cause of sighing was ago suggested by dr who thus pointed out the true i on which the explanation of the r s was to be sought for is one those functions which immediately upon the and or nerves read in mental impressions is therefore to expected in the effort of the chest is excited by uneasy sensations attending of blood in the but under the of grief the faculty or diverted from internal impressions the ace um to proceed to ml unusual degree then a greater effort of inspiration is called fur to obtain relief which followed by a fuller a sigh the of tlie pulse naturally follows interrupted blood in tlie lungs now more to the heart and the the next moment hurried on by a k r it presses forward to the heart and the pulse thus the ordinary and familiar effects of grief arc all upon the principle by which dr the cause of sighing the of and e of being alike subject to the influence of mental impressions as for the or symptoms that ally present themselves in certain individuals these may be ly accounted fur u on the principles formerly in out the of if at y organ be more sensitive than the rest of tlie will be most e affected by a general cause if tone of it vessels be hy disease or than tliat of others the change will greater here than elsewhere the tendency to increasing along with the thus subject to liver disease often e q u upon any distressing occurrence d those of weak arc liable to a of their stomach complaints from any thing that occasions mental uneasiness in diseases the effects of sorrow the mind are well to every medical who must witness the of most skilful until happy change of ti i nt u of his patient i i i l of mental und the functions lo their natural activity such is the effect which the operation of the reverse of or the moral of joy is opposite to of grief the latter s an aversion to motion be of or the of every function the former on contrary to action renders the body alive to every impression and a general alacrity throughout the system its physical cannot hi at k ht t n the emotion is moderate in decree circulation through the is by it the blood is determined towards the brain ind surface a pleasing glow i ted over the skin and every function which imder the influence of grief active again under the impression of joy these effects are not to he any more than those of merely to a change in the action of heart this e every other may in the increase of but such a change if it occur is only a secondary and wholly to produce the other phenomena attending tliis emotion joy every other mental feeling first its on the brain where it as do on the organs sense these act upon the circulation of the or and when of a pleasing nature cause of vessels and to the part joy which is to pleasure affects in the same way the circulation of brain causes de to the f this determination in with the laws of extends also to other parts and if the cause be sufficiently powerful the whole system may feel its effects these when moderate in degree arc widely different from those of grief the of vessels being with any and but every way to the effects produced on tlie surface by warmth or in tlie stomach by a more free and active circulation the pulse is alike by grateful impressions whether they he or mental from their influence on the heart and the impulse t given to the will tend to the general and increase determination to the surface and brain the of the heart however appears to he only m in joy as well as in grief tlie returning xl is in this one instance and in the and the action of this organ accordingly it is possible indeed that the of tne heart with ia v vessels may a more i a c t l w j being subject u t o i t js x s r of and in with c r may like others in ion a more circulation and r in bi | 48 |
the iso position of heart in tin of renders il to t r i such direct i while thi i of the sent no r in its action but what are by au or d c of the mood the h art la it manifest from the il le they perpetually both from and mental impressions and he nature of these change the manner in which they are pro to the brain and the from joy as well as from grief the opposite nature of emotions requires that must act upon some principle to both the vessels appears to be the p int wherein they in their mode of and the contract between the emotions accounts for the di of effects when moderate in ee grief of si h through the and it joy the change through tl t to which the organs to yield to grateful hot without their hen the emotions arc experienced in an extreme degree a as before noticed is their producing extraordinary and on the just stated it would appear that the of joy is nt if not more so than that of grief in the v being accompanied hy a general and no im in the force of circulation the in the is merely and less liable to l e excessive whereas ia joy the action of the heart being rather than the yielding of the vessels will be with tn circulation and thereby threaten greater determination ta the it does not appear foreign to the to notice here that the of the to has confirmation from the of experiment mr showed some time ago that may be suspended by the division of nerves m le has lately that in the minute vessels of the lungs results from the al of influence and more recently still ur has pro by a series of experiments equally ami important that all organs are subject u the influence serves it is true dr philip explains in a different er the way in which he nerves lo act in producing and action but his arguments on point arc not e ti c is v a w organ a mr i i w v i of philip that the failure of not proceed from the loss action in the of influence to the changes in the blood which he it to accomplish as a agent now dr s idea of to be t still the want of nervous influence to act a agent should only change the quality of the and not the quantity poured out on the surface this surely some o of action in vessels whenever from of power become relaxed and their i in all cases as for shown become and suppressed hence the moat supply of blood is with in fever and and similar is die tliat results from of nerves however plausible arc dr philip s on the nature of ik influence and whatever benefit may to from the cause and it be admitted that laws can only be from of their phenomena as the laws of ha e been inferred from phenomena and not ascertained by attempts to discover its cause fear grief and joy arc easily defined but there is an in the of fear partly arising out of the use of the word and partly out of the nature the emotion i term fear is in fact applied to a variety of feelings thus wc are said to fear to fear disaster or to fear disgrace each of which a distinct emotion and the effects of fear when the d ap m its effects can only be uniform when emotion which causes is so and it is therefore necessary to its meaning at ent to one distinct the instance of fear is perhaps that which arises from the apprehension similar al o in its effects i that superstitious dread which the vulgar feel ai the sight of what is supposed to be a supernatural its influence is probably owing to the same cause or a of danger hence it is much a ed by i guilt in this the of fear on the frame definite and uniform but still they are from the nature of this emotion the mind under the of ts of hope and their may be easily confounded fear which lakes away the strength is sometimes the muscular an which if well will be found to arise from the renewal of hope in this sense the genuine effects of fear ai t t n ax in the the blood from i ne w e ci o i oe in mental pale or with a cold the th land ihe are with violent the u hole the eyes become the interrupted with these an i fell at the and often i tlie heart the of symptoms is followed by the occur ence of of an opposite nature which either bv as the effects of or the immediate effects of hope ar of the one ik with renewal of the other at all events the symptoms in question invariably nd to be a of which and therefore be taken in if the cause of fear be transient ai the moment of its the blood rushes l to the face and surface heat and with throbbing in the and increased action of and perhaps severe head ache with and fever come ion where weakness local disease may causing in one person a fit of in another an of or other effects according to the constitution of different both these and the former evidently proceed from circulation the and shrinking in the stage want of blood in the vessels whereas the heat and indicate excessive determination to them in the the cause of this change ia tlie point to be ascertained reasoning as formerly one of two causes must be assigned to t account for want of blood | 48 |
in the of the brain and sur face either it is not sent to p ts as usual or the vessels j not admit it as usual nothing of the before noticed of diminished action in the heart to produce those violent which the frame in fear a strong sense of ing or beating at the chest is one of the first of this emotion which shows there is no but rather an of effort in the heart and the cause of must be t for in the vessels natural of painful impressions as to excite is indeed an apparent exception i this law and that is when the cause is j being then however was i a be really no exception but a arising oi tlie law in this instance the cause is applied to a not capable of and only or in a part to it which is so by oc he impressions actually made on that part thus it appears that the direct of pain is uniformly the same or and to the on of pain is that i of or the apprehension of pain as actual ve el in the w ay in the ol x t v i e the und thus appear to arise from an unusual of c g a of the ou l contained in these vi tlie that coming to but any of in h art and while is to ri itself from the additional of now thrown upon it for change ill the v m of the extends to other parts by consent especially to those subject to en influence a face the surface and of and in this way violent ing at the t arises from the tis blood now upon the heart symptoms arc easily accounted for on a e l is ever by and the cause of fear the of vessels ceases and the blood is m nt back with additional force to the for the succeeding is for a time accompanied increased action of the heart and h the to con or i million tht in the of tliis emotion when excessive the operation of fear is hu upon similar principles to the production of a to which it he in many thi explanation of fever however it is to be is from that d by and the particular consideration of which would he to our present subject anger this passion owes its influence on the bodily frame to the same principle as other emotions namely change of h causing change of action in vessels but is sufficiently distinct from every other in its mode of operation its accord in many points with those of each causing increased determination of to the but in both accompanied with certain peculiarities arising out of the different nature of these feelings anger not like grief produce a general ot but the energies the mind and to exertion when u of wrong fires with indignation or the insult with resentment every muscle u in readiness for action and the impulse thus given to the blood the general and determination to the brain and surface consequently thing of the face of the eyes throbbing of the c and strong with deep and laborious are the usual symptoms of anger when the emotion is extreme in degree the coincidence of c of grief and joy community of the principle on which act thus anger like produces of the brain a n or c x weakness prevail in other s t r ts vol xi sa i may u n s m in his of anger and grief a r as it to had been long at ea wi a second but the first k l she went t to him and time happily together she b a child b t i to w old and the mother t l j dr after her confinement hap c neighbour and a scolding match ensued l t that she had married her the first to be alive the indignation fe brought on an attack of and too j ii the waa restored to her mind in the f ad given io to another was i b when it was brought back to the mother the i by the change gave rise to an immediate attack of f became perfectly of all around he fixed her body h her pulse and breathing p perceptible in this stale if a limb were raised or extend the muscles becoming rigid for a short time retained it ad they relaxed again and it gradually fell into its former the various means that were now employed to restore oil till it wa t at deemed expedient to the sight of her child might do it waa brought to her but the remained wholly ss of until after repeated it was placed directly before her face when she to be come of it and shortly after followed it with her and and at last out her arms to receive it wh given to her however she pressed it to her bosom with a force v a to its life and its removal became now returned and on again succeeded by which with each for the space of three days until she expired love the last of the passions that requires to be considered in its analysis an of all the rest for so various are feelings which it calls forth and so intimate it union with emotions it tliat they appear c k to its am this combination one of its most striking peculiarities in the more refined sense love may be defined t attachment between the sexes which springs a mutual sympathy or of mind in another and less exalted this passion becomes degraded into a mere appetite and its phenomena in this iu r to the law of impressions as far as | 48 |
it in short it is to instances which will occur to every one s recollection truth of the principle that these and similar phenomena depend upon the influence of increased attention lo particular feelings thus their force is not less evident in the converse of this proposition or in the operation of causes which divert the attention from these feelings and thus or their influence a instances will serve to illustrate this every one must have experienced how much uneasy sensations arc by any thing that the mind the attention head and tooth have been often removed by the receipt of agreeable news or the welcome arrival of an unexpected friend the board has been found to the pains of and an attack of has been suspended by strongly engaging the attention sudden alarm has been known to t the of an and check the operation of an the practice of taking away the or preventing person from by strongly fixing the attention is to ever and let a cough be ever so troublesome it is commonly suspended while wc arc eating the impression in the mouth and the influence of in the the effect of appears to their power of attention from one impression by another thus another class of phenomena itself in the same way aa those before and like the effects ascribed to sympathy and imitation may be accounted for without causes or to the of c i the which the exert v x w win f is in l a e i life and ll h i to the animal frame as forming part of nt be in mental in all cases ultimately pro weeds from of one ra principle or f of feeling causing change of action art vi lift and of is so that spirit of adventure which leads the mind into new and regions of intellect ai ride of learning which considers its aa the of human knowledge and looks down from fancied on all those who not been taught to in of the philosophical creed thai to be in of of certain hooks written in languages that have to be spoken for many centuries with them every o ic must be trained and on them his opinions must he formed or he can hardly expect to be admitted good society any more than he should if his coat were not in fashion nothing is so rare u originality of genius and according to the modes of education that have long prevailed and are in use in our public the little that exists is in danger of being extinguished in its dawning even boy is required to perform thi same and ia the same manner without the slightest regard to the bent of the mind and if unfortunately he is unfit or be must be into the knowledge of what he perhaps considers useless or sink into a and be degraded in his own eyes and in those of his fellows as an wo to the poor child whose fancy to the dear waters where the little h in his mental vision like beams of light in freedom and in or to the sl pe his soul dances to the melody of the lark overhead he will soon be recalled from the dream of delight in bitterness and tears to die hated volume from which he is doomed to hear dull sentence rung in his ears a hundred times by this mode treatment the is and prevented from putting forth its shoots and blossoms in the energy of nature and rather a tree which along a garden wall than the magnificent that has not been by the axe of the men bred under such discipline arc precisely what education has made them they receive what is poured into their minds and give it out again unchanged by meditation and or if any change has taken place it is a and intellectual range is confined to the narrow circle thai ha been on by the men of many generations yet they the stole around their and pace it with a of self importance that ridiculous by their own strength would never have raised themselves above the level of of wood and drawers of water and those ne true science is to be found have never yet v c r d might be if did n im ti w w ef james is l they the structure of dared lo ui ir own for gold or deem themselves the rivals of father of greek philosophy because have from him to u it i not such men iy the ingenuity the splendour their inventions shed a hit ire on our common nature or by the of ir add co the stock of tr bacon looked through the of only to discover its utter and to something in its place and the gigantic genius of shakespeare was never subjected lo the of the it is not our purpose to lament that mr denied the a school education which he could not have enjoyed but at such n risk but to trace the of his genius in what we conceive to be the favourable situation for its it was his high privilege that even in boyhood his eye was familiar if ith the elements of poetry that even then his to heaven on the wing of the eagle and grew giddy over the and drank in the the hill and hip nature on her mountain throne that the first to which he listened was the sound of the and the winds and the with which he held mysterious that he nursed in the solitude of die deep and amid the of the mists and the clouds where nature and alike dispose the mind to lofty and that he was left undisturbed to the and the grandeur of his own where ever | 48 |
object to his favourite and he each into and chat never existed but in his own mind lie was in truth a student of nature before he was aware her influences or could give his feelings in language and fortune placed him in a where she was to his eye in all her and fully to understand the circumstances that kindled hie genius into activity and developed powers of his mind it will l e necessary to make a few remarks on the features of the country where he was bom and the moral and intellectual of the people among whom he passed his early days the and the mountains of and y combine almost all the m ft beauty and wild that in the lower district of that lovely stream winds among of no great gently swelling and green to the in some places finely wooded but generally naked and well suited to the pasture of this is their common character but some miles from the mouth of the valley dark mountains are seen towering to a considerable height above the surrounding hills and give an interesting variety to the scene the head the and st mar s luck o and above these sweet m s r w as u rom w ot ev x l a t regions of this pat the ft tail u i in over i rock fall ii by a that flows from a dark a mile above it surrounded i ts on all sides save one and that is by thousand black of the aiid thin place i so solitary th ii the eagle has built in an of the uke for and i by the l iii the south of scotland the character v i to that of except perhaps that arc i and more mellow and it is destitute of these valley a so c in border legend and song are by hills j many miles on both s and as there is do the people have long lived shut out from the rest of m in a of simplicity and virtuous from vices of and the wild mountains at the head of and the sturdy j of the an asylum when they were fed like wild beasts y a from e et other part of the country their held in the and made many from a of the nice are defended but while they cherish the memory of these glorious men and as well they may retain the noble that arises from the consciousness of on iu f their moral features have lost much of the of fathers and are softened down into the virtues f more peaceful yet if we were what people of had suffered t from the evil consequences re k we should answer without the and in these interesting valleys there is hardly cottage that has not its legend or a that is not fun act of romantic or by some being or t the blood of some martyr in such a l full of beauty and dark and visionary and glorious recollections it was the good fortune of to be bom and to spend the greater part of life his mother margaret was like himself a self taught her mother had died while she was young but eldest of several and her far kept at home to the household affairs and as list in bringing up her younger brothers and sisters during tho years when the children of the even the poorest are sent to school and they at the proper age enjoyed advantages about tjie age of twelve or she began her inferiority to them and on the sabbath her only day of she to wander out alone to a hill side with a under her arm and by a sense of her ignorance o herself down on the heath and water tlie page r by of her a ie d the r wishes a v life and writing of a the race of was in her and of one of them an old man of ninety she stored her with many thousand of the old which he alone knew to knowledge she succeeded and here i reason to fear that much of it died her t woman herself of an and mind soon discovered in her hon a kindred and in lu cultivation an earnestness greatly honourable to her and to which the world is lor the queen s wake in the remote and solitary of mountain districts the cot of the arc often situated at great from other dwellings and their tenants pass the winter months with no society than that of own family can he conceived in he way of human than these cottages then were yet they were frequently l by a brilliancy of and cheered by a gentleness of affection and an enthusiasm of that and gilded cannot confer in a mode of life where are limited in their range they acquire a strength greater in proportion as sphere of their action is and ts most vigorous when it has to work on a small number of simple ideas never was a family more linked together than the children of this admirable woman and never was a mind of original power more ly exerted in the formation of the heart and the development of the understanding she was in the daily habit of to them from the sacred volumes such passages as she most likely to interest mind and improve their moral feelings and this she by animated from the ballad something between chant and son and she brought and pleasing by stories of and and nd and dead lights or she thrilled their and wet their cheeks by an account of the death of some young shepherd who had not far from his wn dwelling amid the snow james enjoyed n fewer | 48 |
of the advantages of education than his brothers for he never attended school above three ths and though his mother him to read whole stock of literature till he was years of consisted in the knowledge of his her ey s meditations the gentle shepherd an occasional number of the magazine and a large store of but these he knew thoroughly and and it may be questioned if any man alive i more thoroughly acquainted witli the sacred than himself the searching eye of a soon marked his talent for and she used to to him my mm gang ben the house and make mc a sang while she proposed a subject for his muse how he succeeded in these we have not yet the j m w ing a mind may be t s of poetry that nature had in b k ii rot xi i i i i i and of l poverty nor nor neglect nor even the til critic could ever or he was soon deprived of tottering of of th kindest of mothers ami the most original of ni for hi were then struggling with worldly difficulties in h in f and were obliged to him to when he was little above seven of md hit t and youth were in the solitude of with no other moral guardian than principles which they hid into his mind and his own and no guide th nature he grew up to manhood in a of but in him it produced no degradation and could press the noble of a generous mind conscious of its value leaning with confidence on its resources and feeling equal to great tlie of his did not injure the strong independence of a that seemed to in to the that pressed upon it and he enjoyed a which he could not have had in any si while hb flocks were wandering on the of the mountains or in the bosom of a he had the d of looking on nature freed from the mists of prejudice or the of books where she is seldom in forms and natives hues it was not with him as is too often tb ease the study of poetry that led him to the study of nature it was i nature green and fresh and that in him with j a passionate admiration of her untouched grandeur and au of singing her glories and he would have been a l if no i one had ever existed before him all the various shows of the visible universe all the doings of the elements were familiar to his imagination reflected on them its own into existence a creation of its own of such beauty and mu as never appeared but in the eye of lo a situation all his dreams w and we have often heard him e mountain with such and beauty and shadowy grandeur as to convince us that as m paint cr he would had no rival all his organs indeed arc acute and all his of such uncommon and leave such complete pictures we were he to apply to i art his paintings in truth and originality of conception at least would be equal to his these circumstances have render f him above all men the of the mountains he never approaches but his takes wing and like the wheels and with a and of in native the object of this essay is to the assisted nature in the formation of mr s were chiefly the tales and of his country i and the and solitude of its scenery and the impression of or other of w on a i of poetry he the ba iv c tt to vi i i i i a g and as ct to rule as the men whose tt wn led to the j fancy of it man nature bud richly gifted hi t mind and and were alike favourable to the development of peculiar nor if had been searched for the purpose would il have possible to find a woman better qualified than h to discover the early sparks of his genius and to into an after the death of the old man above mentioned she became the great re m i or of the border able to almost every line that to be found in the of the border mid many others which were by her death to the world she possessed a soul of great and a voice ever in with its movements and in her which resembled the of immediate inspiration rather than the repetition of the ideas of others she tile tone the piece in its of rapidity and grandeur rude lays of our forefathers contain hardy adventures and of men who spent their lives the and dangers of a warfare i their and in making and an attack their love of glory and contempt of death the song of the triumph and the of the and to each of these she gave an appropriate emphasis and action rising into the of possession or melting into an tenderness such were the effects r r that when her son saw these poems printed of which her had delighted him so much he not believe they were the same his mind was early with these cm them his taste was formed and the mountain bard ur professed imitation of them in his of the progress of the genius of t ie poet rather than the life of the man it would be not to mention the family of mr t of here he wan received rather m a son at the house of his father than a servant yet this respectable man is mentioned not so much on account of the kindness received under his roof as the means he there enjoyed of his mind and improving his poetical tide nt | 48 |
mr himself waa an intelligent and a well informed man and a good library for his situation which was s at mr s command and it was that he may be s id to have commenced reading he never speaks of this man but a a father but it was the friendship that he formed with his son mr william that must make this change in his situation be as an era in his life before this period he had had acquaintances hut he had never till now enjoyed a friend out of his own family the man who was now his associate was a kindred spirit like himself an pupil of nature who to a vigorous imagination an acute soon discovered the genius of the future tr that it with a e a tv aw af under the s t i i md ii thing him to und him to a of hi him in hi and i liis fame and of lo he show fed verses th ni or ood tn nation he in his judgment of c powers of his friend some time period of which we have mr and mr i lo their for thai of border they had heard of laid us a man to assist them in the object of their march t they applied and by liim was introduced to mr ic was at surprised lo hear that to which he had been accustomed to with such delight from his which he supposed were out own l ought after with such by the learned and the ingenious he was proud to with the and wrote out i for in that work some of his own poetry i vas shown to mr scott who approved of it this was a sanction which there was n appeal and the moat of his among farmers and l i now began to me in which had lately been the subject of their mis fame now began to spread and he was of in and other places as a surprising man for his at the meeting between him and mr that gentle man after spending some hours in his company arc l that he never met a man of more originality of genius and henceforth i his friend from the lime he l to write he had never doubted of his ultimate success he felt within him the of in so strong that he could not i of his yet the countenance him and his friend for which had hardly dared to all that he now wanted wa t a little mechanical skill and he to his beloved art with the natural of his e ram ent kindled into by so highly valued and wa na i enough led to the imitation of ihe border ad it was not till he was about twenty two years age tliat he much this was in and thirteen i before he published his mountain bard in the he published a volume in a peculiar circumstances as p was ever placed tie had been sent to with a sheep for sale accidentally arrived two days before the and not knowing how to employ himself he that he ha poems and was wi td u desire of seeing them ir print he hired a small lodging in a garret and wrote out the best of his com but such as he e remember ke left with an obscure and heard no more of some of the copies were sent to him an account of the ex of to his they were til their fault t iii ay in t of the day i b ia v which iu author now worthy of preserved yet he then thought notice the summit of fame now come lo consider the mountain bard and if the of an imitation depend on its to l we should he i to the in this volume superior o tlie more ones in border there is in these early essays of mr s genius much of the spirit and an well as the i t that the ancient he seems o have t a fold of the mantle of the old and to struck the very harp on which they to the same tones of and yet perhaps they do not them more in any thing than in a true both of thought and expression and their simplicity often into prose their into vulgarity they contain many touches and passages which author has yet surpassed in his happiest moments and arc never mortal sin of few people open the volume without the desire of going through it and it i impossible to read it through without strong proofs of an original and poetical mind but wc must till number our further on this interesting volume and on the astonishing progress th t the author has since its ap e in power of and poetical reputation vii y on the pale from ar i re wo deem no it a our a s ii to mi to ba to n idea of its ed r west s painting of death on pale or the ing of the first five has at length been exhibited the having had this subject under his consideration for a of years and having so far back as the year executed a sketch from it which was much l both hei c and on the continent the utmost curiosity was t among the lovers of the fine arts for tlie appearance of a work on which so much pains were known to have been taken this curiosity is ut length gratified the work is now before the e province it is to pass judgment on its merits on comparing th sketch with tlie present picture a considerable will l c found the subject our readers are is taken from opening of the in the sixth chapter of the | 48 |
a n c in sketch there is no development of tliat part of the divine mystery in the second seal at least it is not touched in t ic detailed manner in which wc find it in the mr west in his conception of the subject filled up by actual many parts which ma i n a v t w v ed to supply in his outline of the on tt v v t he hia w part of the and m ft ss death oh tht pole di hu next character u tl tn l ir h whom m g has an of purity and as wc expect to in the the er m is represented simply as a warrior armed with the word the rider on l te hunt with l in hands in which mankind were weighed and found in l and and famine him in his course fore ib of a belonging to that of society which ii supposed free from the mary ca h in the right hand division of he picture tha of of the men with the beasts of the t as well as the horrors of a tempest which the thi principle of destruction ihe ia rough every part of the subject the is seen on ihe and near the dead serpent on lore ground the affectionate dove its mate that bu expired from ik i the reader must be at once ed to that the aim of the was a upon canvas as he describes it in au its various j until lost in the opposite extremes of pity and horror the to execute and arrange of so is excite in t e mind of m high and varied an order ever proved an and seldom a ul task the of has this height and at u ill upon tlie passions of the soul but in painting the um of communication is a union of many rare il requisite to effect c en a art of this purpose and in the able hands the of vehement passion and sublime character been either repulsive or feeble an it i due however to pre to say that he has never been more eminently success any subject in the whole course of his long and life than he has both in the composition and execution of h picture all that is full of horror and of terrible in the which work cm the springs of the human mind may be said to here depicted in the figure of death on the pale horse tt dreadful expression of the countenance the fr the ghastly and stare the rag a swollen and of expression which once ap the mind and it to those sensations of and awe which it is the highest aim of to express i which it required the most perfect inspiration to have produce the same vigorous and characteristic which n the rider is to the horse whose head is of vehement and furious character the and the frantic and is ca ii p which d vi a i i a i tn the train of the d in ihe t of their mis i l n the figure famine in the fore i v a effort of the and the which crouched on he of and object display a power of execution which we could have expected even from mr at this late stage of his life the parts of the episode are beautifully by the interesting objects of humanity who lie scattered expired and under the feet c f the horse it would exceed our limit i to give a detailed of the whole of the characters described in p cat picture no di can indeed convey the moral force which must ik felt from a view of tlie work it all the parts of work correspond with the execution of the principal which we have and though some critical apply lo a of colouring and indistinct in of the subordinate details of the picture yet they are or so trivial a nature and o little affect the il character of the work that we think it would be them out for particular cannot conclude these observations without the president of the academy oa the execution of this work at a time of life long past that period m which society has a claim upon arc to adorn it and its by the exercise of with which has ble them viii of in chief of the dew in the london ma with m w memory of this and ought not to down the stream of time and his devotion to the cause of liberty in both his exploits wiu be recorded by the pen of the historian and while his name continues for ages to sound harshly in the ears of the he will find the noblest of all monuments in the and recollections of every the pale of the civilized portion of the globe was bom in about the year z from a family at once and poor from his earliest he was lo the profession of arms being accordingly sent to at a age he made rapid advances in the study of tlie art of and early obtained a commission in the of i he king and of as it was called lo the course of a few more we find this young officer in whither he had repaired for the a wi r in and on his return to v cl l lo a higher m i c vo v v to obtain the not o i v e v aim of one of the chief who a powerful both iu the diet aiid in public affairs but young and he at h to re the for the t aid log and the american at for he al | 48 |
to part that opposed the i and for the independence of their native com try and in to of kind there is fascinating in tlie ver of to a young ardent and ii mind on occasion prevailed noble birth and distinguished family to unite her fate to his to accompany him tn new world romantic lover were pursued l for many long years by the of paternal authority for it was hen a species i on in that for one of the poor to to band of a daughter of a gi eat and a at thi l the bulk of the nation actually consisted of literally i i and as id at the absolute of the aristocracy after a variety of adventures captain at length landed in america and repaired to the l quarters of general by whom he handsomely received had arrived indeed at a fortunate moment for had recently commenced and the of liberty although active and resolute were at the same time raw and with thing that the art of war to such an army if army it could then be this young and spirited pole became a treasure he was sent at many during tlie war in all of he himself with great and was admitted into in ii t of ko di i d lo l may i find of the of k i in the t he a n wi li for god i com a w proper t vol i from c an the ill t r sail hem ci ft d about four fort c of or tc e l j aa uie were and occupied i of river i on i for i tn command h hai ti ca i bee bills f i a force e s tbe od lo i ground m a la to wm rt ee to engage the ib te ma we of his commands i life of of washington h n to hu it h in to remark ul these men of minds in n common the one afterwards triumph of for he other ii like of country treading in footsteps of his patron friend the circumstance ix much credit on the of wn and w peculiarly inter sting from the which u was while enjoying the confidence of our gi that colonel acquired the friendship of the celebrated de la he was much esteemed hy the count de who became a of france and in hi appear hy kill his md hi manners to have the regard not only of officers but of the numerous body of french and other foreigner then in service at when peace arrived he to return to e having landed in france he proceeded to and p were both excited by some that had recently reached on hi arrival at it was reported to him hat his intended bride wax he found the pole longing for an opportunity to the of to rid themselves of since he of he now himself to a secluded retired life partly to indulge hia melancholy and partly to avoid suspicion for the of the were become jealous of all popular characters and the fame of had already r ve from of the atlantic and beg jn to be with rapture by n nation which panted for a at length an opportunity of presented itself and he left his retreat a new diet by a spirit of national was anxious to lessen die of foreigners in and to this wished to such of the natives as displayed a love of country united with a knowledge of the art of war as no pole was more prominent in respect to ko was now promoted to the rank of major general but this very assembly hy the presence of foreign and by a was obliged and to the b nd of their country by a second of the pretext for this and when is arbitrary deficient in pretext was the new constitution of by which the v e of the was to be in the year i i d acting with the authority of a master demanded the restoration of he code of and actually every of that of to be the record of the humiliating compliance oi v j v te w extent in and the v be reduced to ft jo w tt vou i s lift to maintain the of proper r i limits thi im lu a n r war nd the event of which for time had taken the tn support the new constitution for h a general of division count during a whole campaign he himself as usual by an union of courage and good i he king who had been placed on the for of serving the of wa i an accomplished scholar but weak and the of the court of prevailed and of the field in per and placing himself at head of his countrymen he himself unworthy of that crown which the of russia on learning the fatal intelligence i er vile compliance general his and to germany but new events speedily fixed his attention once more on native country now likely again to become a theatre of of ruin ami desolation the of waited for the effects likely to b produced by the new and t lent order for the and it was that the poles would be once more obliged to bt they were for refused to an c i on the ha all the troops within the extent of his he passed thi and body of for the and the c u of were nearly as active in respect to the tion although not quite so ferocious as the no sooner had the news of this been communicate to who still kept up a | 48 |
constant intercourse with the than he suddenly quitted his retreat at i ic where liad taken refuge and advanced rapidly with several office nt in to the having re learned the precise state i affairs he instantly entered and received a from a l of respectable poles who had secretly assembled and chosen him accompanied by a band in he made a sudden into the i in which but few of the enemy had and entering the capital at the precise moment when a feeble had been en out he instantly replaced it in its former tion and obliged the in their turn to he now published which was constantly in by the term of an an act of having fallen in with who had been obliged to fly superior corps of they turned on the such and with a of light and conquered a superior number of but the only for pay and the m a i a a tv meanwhile the by principles and mill more by the presence the the cruelty and the of a foreign force d joining in uie no sooner did intelligence of this m arrive in the polish camp by means of numerous whom of country attached to he common cause ko determined to thither he accordingly set out nt the head of a assemblage armed and but w the view of giving to the in europe all of whom were with t and while most had seen service either in the wars of or of turkey and in addition to a regular supply of provisions they possessed a formidable train of while in full march towards the capital this raw and inexperienced body of fell in with a large of but was at their head and the of retreat they commenced action making the with such fl dreadful that the unable to withstand the shock broke and fled in all ir on learning the happy the citizens of faithful to their vows instantly flew to and the garrison by this defeat of men were under the necessity of retreating gallant pole an entering found king who had been abandoned by his in a of instead of on a feeble and a fallen monarch he him from the dust and ordered that his majesty should be with all the deference due to his exalted rank the policy his is perhaps less worthy of than its heroism his timidity and had rendered this prince not only despised but hated by his subjects lie readily indeed at the head of the and for a time the by the thin and transparent veil of et which he threw over the ranks of his on this as on all other occasions his was entirely passive for a cunning but odious he prepared a usual to abandon the and declare himself oo the side of the victor an opportunity but too presented d m now beheld multitudes joining his standard he m on an army of u men and he was in hopes to be able i to excite n universal among the whole body of in this situation of affairs the general has been loudly for not a national diet declaring bondage at an end and all into one great camp in which one of an age capable of bearing arms should but il many of the of his own party si d multitudes of s whom they as no t i and their do w ea n l t rather than give to to v i fe of willing to bow the neck the iron i russia m un which had hitherto to with di while body of the troops of nation on another t hi d ag ain t and i it k ct a would take place be ko and l n william k for the time acted on the and c r as doomed to be overcome by troops and a general in the ann of fare this accordingly took for after a long and hopeless siege the a were obliged to i i retreat happy at able to reach the of now advanced m the head of a body of revenge and to prevent a p with the troops under ce the latter who were far superior to him both in a bloody and decisive r la con of five s poles at length gave way a variety of charges and his life a times received a deep and dangerous wound and bein both unable and to leave the field he at length i himself surrounded and a prisoner such was change of circumstances that victor of yesterday wa obliged to submit to those he had so re and that too with such odds him meanwhile the and having ed the meditated and guard ed and confined all from this moment to thi a ferocious general immediately marched against war which was by a body of gallant the and consolation of their country but was that the army which had and destroy td its garrison of o ou should repeat the same scene tn the of to the themselves masters of the works polish chiefs c were sent under i i escort to and thrown into ai the monarch himself ordered to rt pair and then to where he soon ended his y without exciting after the high on very slender conceived of him in the of his reign the emotion of esteem or regret a third final of the kingdom of land after a short interval took to a new cue signed at october between crown of russia and to which ds and the name of was from this time blot out from the map o the fi l s p am i at s i i i i i i i formed on tlie of by high and dear of | 48 |
with her in a y which had for its professed object the restoration of religion m order and regular government exploits which infinite ly exceeded in and any which aa she was i and irritated hy even n of been in the crisis of her by the and of france in tile time wait confined in the of a iu the vicinity of the capital of hy who by a judicious distribution of a few and among the of had contrived to obtain a high reputation tor at a cheap rate the of that real character has never been length freed this noble pole from his and the of her son which has never been duly appreciated conferred on im his to which he an income to supply i his wants nay the new emperor did he visited hia il prisoner and wa himself the of his own generous intentions but had no longer any in europe he there fore resolved to repair to his a one in having taken a passage from st to london on his arrival in the of england the house where he resided was surrounded by an multitude and persons of rank of all parties and descriptions were eager lo pay their to the tile club him a sword and sent a to announce the hi reception in america was of the t brilliant for on his arrival there he was joyfully received both by the government and the people but the of hi and indeed his declining health a long in the continent the situation of europe too was such as to afford hopes of times for his country after a short during which he obtained possession of the of land formerly assigned to him by for his in re war re embarked and landed ib france which he had left a now found a he was received witli possible attention by the and as the climate agreed with him he soon alter in thai but russia having war france by a rare instance of he resigned the of the and lived long enough to see the under the sword of he also beheld his enemy die in disgrace amidst the scorn and indignation of mankind who fl by time had forgotten his exploits and only remembered his when became first and t w ff bo would extend u protecting hai d o l o am a m the ao mention of in o s the of the is of the port guarded and provided lor b an express article at length on renewal of the continental war it was would have achieved the of ii had he been in earnest on thin subject he might have obtained fi more real than he had hitherto enjoyed his and for the of ia his bold scheme which led him to en all the horrors a winter his energetic but to would have been then unnecessary in case his army would have remained entire his reputation would have been the of europe would have been strengthened by a new and independent and the crown of france would have been firmly fixed on head while the of must have been transferred lo a son who in his own person the blood of and st louis to maria in when the emperor of france deemed it for defence to occupy he invited to join but aa his health would not permit him to remove from the vicinity of the french capital he declined to repair thither however his name and credit were upon this occasion aa will appear from the following state paper to hit men the of arms which re from is about to join you in the the i in and by their ful eagle them you will those which courage in the four quarter ij i while in one campaign they hare dispersed the united force two great es have lately week the labours of a the work of and the of old dear and friends have proved to a decree of fortitude equal to our who banished your native soil have remained a friendly to and who having become strangers in the heart of thai preserved the sense of glory and the recollection of our brethren arise tbe great nation is before you na expects and calls you soon shall again behold the paternal earth which arm defended those whidi i have bathed with my and with tears of joy i embrace the friends whom i was not permitted to follow to the grave beloved and brave countrymen whom i was compelled to to the yoke of the i have only lived to your wrongs and i now return lo restore you to freedom sacred remains of my i i hail you with and embrace you with a sacred i will join you never more to part of great man ami is extended towards worthy of the poles now heat my voice shall lo more and stable im or name of my v q with my fellow o mat y v s m v w my own disaster a d ow te i noble of our no the good times o il hu not l napoleon am h invincible to the of the an wc arc under of the m it were a and u c of i u too i a subject not to have q y to x i k ko but wan content on this with ex the and occupying their portion of with his troops this measure had become absolutely for ultimate for he now converted it into a place of arms and it nt ard i became a of retreat when by fortune and abandoned by hi he here with the remnant of an army from the of and the vengeance of the his and with the court of the of | 48 |
becoming the of for he had yielded to uie vulgar ambition of having an emperor for a in and did not find too late that the house of was of such ties which were indeed considered a a security and alone have ever been the leading features of the policy of that family events that succeeded arc too well known to all europe to be here certain it is that after the fall of the of their freedom and their country finally united to russia is now governed hy an the brother of the present emperor meantime the and unfortunate pole steadfast to his me remained amid the happy solitude of a and never lore his country such was the veneration paid to his character however that when the entered france his little habitation remained sacred and even the had b en now to respect so gallant and to noble an enemy emperor alexander like his paul seemed anxious salute pole he his misfortunes he admired and he could not but respect his ti m he even expressed a wish to to his former r and b in the country that had given him birth but with a con v worthy of his character be is said to have rejected proffered if your majesty means by continued he that such as it was in ir am both ready and willing to return to my native land but i cannot condescend to serve under a foreign prince who wears its crown therefore be governed by a native sovereign or a republican form of government la there must decline your ma i s most gracious offer the emperor is reported to have fl f lied with his usual policy and ion all you have ut general is and merits my esteem but i c nothing at present about the v c an to be finally a w it to ik held m i i i i i m life of the life of to the full i public with the high bom ro in a of thin hi afterward united and became husband this lady hi had a r is and s in so that he may n to in his name and if occasion should to his and hi t and nearly forgotten by all th one still remained to die gallant pole was m il with whom he resided during the last few years of hi the of i u this j hail been from the in the court of the this friend in contrived that the imperial of he himself disdain il to partake should i old age of his ki i nd beneficent host during the autumn of they took n long or the of visiting and paying li cradle of so and heroes it was at resigned in the fifth year of age to escape front a land of l and and lo last sign within sight of the that birth to i the of the brave disinterested and virtuous u oo j more he is gone where the voice of flatter cannot reach wi by the praises of the good in where i or y d america fought and defence tn all his intercourse the citizens of he evinced he utmost desire to serve their and promote their interests in his days of power at the bead of s that his name no false dazzled nor ambition betray him he nobly resisted the foreign who had waste his not because they were kings and but because they were and he no rebellious sword for no win j her independence lost his home as she sunk hut not u on her ruins the court of russia would have this illustrious of the people whom she liad by temptations irresistible to vulgar minds would made him the flattered instrument of a and hollow liberty to his countrymen but saw that their lot was a hie and his own he refused to change as a soldier and a in public life and in retirement his principles were his name the m whom he opposed ri the who failed to to would have been a washington had he not been u t ml i til not l to i w tt bv by the of gates i i an i im at o al e ss the i public oc of this i husbands and in his na and his c ful ner with the minister his he old age i for the p cradle of re to escape last sigh the more i by ot defence he his name betray hi waste his because t no her but not u this by made bin to his and in public his name the f would ik i of off lie s h in v n ne er and to thee while uie ia shall be far b holy n in c b ll of ihe lay of e a l t day decay in thee li m u on li ld to of mm and he m who f u w i r y to the by and ce ind the of and thou through t th i with all lo which a bright with all il lustre to appear men and tyrant bat a blade broke ate won fears td mid mighty g t r a and in ne bade world blotted beneath iii purer rt to va nd tell thou the the of a li tt art ix capture of the army under general at g u so well calculated to fa upon the memory the features of an as a well sketch of the ground the and of the it forces such it u considered wc arc enabled to to our readers on this and if it serve to illustrate an | 48 |
later on effectual as i before that the he at first met with will p hu ruin l your be lo be hi of conduct which of others is most lo u i m acting in this will certainly afford room rise on our part and expose his parties lo hazard c we be so happy at lo cut one of off though it should not four or six hundred men it would the add m of be happiest effects i on the th september a division of the array of s and a body of light i colonel together strong marched out to an advanced post next day general putting himself t the right wing of the british line which the and light under rat i and col man with some ind an and advanced american left wing m mc intervening woods do great extent while major and pi hi he great road and meadows by the river side i some of the parties fell in with those of british and with great boldness commenced the attack about i general supported his men with t ie which and repeatedly in course of tin action from half until about half p i i o i the raged with at about it became general both armies e other in the most and exertion i to secure of the day a continual fire was on i side for three hours without each party occupied the ground in dispute and was alternately from it the st and british suffered considerably by i close and fire throughout the latter being reduced from i fi both m of two i ma tb a aa t iv i vol i p of ne a it mi nt of men it left la less than x t or j i th on american s and with of the d ind d new i and d york th th loth and the the colonel h greatly itself of thi new regiment a most active brave led on his men close to the enemy witli great l he gave to fire good effects plan he had a the action at s hill and on this occasion he had the of u repetition of hem hi severe conflict with the lay it wait ed by a in attack and defence such as had do parallel during the war and closed without any of position in the armies officers of the army in all the engagements in which they had been in i they never knew so long and so hot a fire general ne relating the ac count of the battle of tn im state of the i the following testimony to tin conduct on both sides the action which ensued on the tb of september my a of the of my and i must in truth acknowledge a very share of in the army of the enemy the loss of british on this occasion was upwards of in killed wounded and prisoners the american loss to killed ul wounded and missing in officers included after the action general under the necessity of not only for powder but all the and other lead that could be procured for making bullets also fell short the army was never for more than three s at a time and on the day of action was entirely destitute tlie supply not ing till the at this period general gates s force amounted to about men general who had been detached for t ic of bring ing up the collecting front the north parts ol new england not having joined the british army next their right and extended their left to the brow of die heights so as to cover the meadows through which the and where their and hospital were placed general gates meantime was in left by covered with strong from the september to the ih october the were so close to each other that not pa without firing and sometimes attacks upon the british advanced no party t c sent out from s camp without strong covering gates adopted the policy of the enemy by constant and on joined b a with about followed by te i ct tm vi thus lo d his opponent w ih il i a ax capture o the m of being relieved strong force from the army mt york but the intended bj sion in h favor was delayed in of the i of from europe their arrival might ha altered the complexion of in general but just had ordered otherwise in the extreme in front a and tried army under commander in rear a country with passes ca of y by men who had it to their power to pose to and every avenue cut off for there remained but the ft hope of the expected co operation being undertaken in time to feet his to hold out as long a it the only and with this view the british was under of placing hu army oo reduced ance it the of october and still no intelligence h received of sir henry s advance the stock of pi in camp fast and no supply could be consequence of the arrangements of hit therefore to hazard a general action and i made a demonstration on the left of the american li view not only to attempt forcing a passage should it be to advance or of it for the convenience of retreat but also to cover a of the army it was from the guard of the camp n the heights wh left to and that on the and plain near the river to general himself and moved early in morning with a column of i o men m the right supported i two and six the i driven in by colonel s and the li fell back upon the | 48 |
main body which advanced and fe ed within three quarters of a mile of the left of the american the british took post on a clear pot of ground nearly rounded by woods the indians were pushed through by to gain the american rear and to their in quarter the americans as they approached british column were by the notwithstanding they in good order at a of about yards th then proceeded to make a sudden and rapid attack upon the who were posted to the left of the major a name well known in the british army and m in that war at their head sustained this and was general gates ordered out more extending the at along the whole front of the who were posted on the right of the by tliis the my were prevented from withdrawing any of the pose of a second line on the flank where it was s at the same time t left attack the front of ihe i t came capture a general t moved round their flank in order to ir retreat into camp the british light under ji with p rt of the th were upon directed to form a second mv in order to cover the retreat ol the troops into fresh troops having been directed the enemy s left that pan of their were to give way and the and s th ri t were obliged to a quick movement in order to save that point from being carried in doing which general was wounded the right under vigorously and with much difficulty retired to the their field pieces being taken and great part of the corps destroyed scarcely had they regained the camp when it was with fury the rushing to the lines under a severe fire of shot and colonel at the head of the o carried ts of the german reserve li d by colonel who w s killed darkness put an end to hard fought day the laid upon their arms and the action have been resumed with more positive advantages on their side the following morning which british general altered his position in the night ana took up ground at a greater elevation oa the the object of the was defeated by this action at matters then stood each unsuccessful attack served only to hia future fall now found that the troops opposed to him were able to sustain an in open plains with the and spirit of his of forcing a passage was altogether at an while the prospect of being enclosed on all sides continued to around him a strong of the american army threatened his right flank when he it as the only means of the tendency of to retire to and in the night a retreat pursued by general who this movement had sent a light by a to the in his rear it had arrived ai before him and was engaged in throwing up on the heights on the same side of the river but on his approach was over a ford of the s river and joined fellows posted to oppose the in this the situation of the army under was reduced to the last extremity the faint glimmer of hope from any diversion in its favor waa fast and to add to its colonel st s on which much reliance been placed for co had received a severe check on die which terminated the aid from that quarter colonel being deserted by ht indian who were pointed ia their hopes of plunder and v tt r rt the r art general ne t waa to raise the of fort li r in haste that the ry with l of the bit i and provisions fell into the hand of the lie returned into canada was from all expectation of being l ned by a aod american forces were enabled to in order j him tile of the british were un rival t under a escort to repair the bridges m open a to fort edward on west side of the river the and some light troops were ordered for that their was opposed by a body posted on the heights on other side of the creek on which they were recalled during these movements the with were frequently upon by the american light see the position in the plan from the of the river were taken und till at length the british it impossible to secure the otherwise by them and carrying them tip this great ty effected under a heavy fire strong guards of their army found necessary to cover its execution ttie position of the m army now extended four of a circle around the british a was n on all parts of their line s division took up an post on the same side of the creek while colonel s corps of pressed upon he opposite flank ki that it would have been impossible to have moved the idea of a retreat by night been adopted by the british no of now remained but to abandon and baggage and by forcing the passage the mi on to escape to through by were sent out t i examine the route who returned that those lords were defended by strong ties and it would have been extremely difficult if t force them deprived of and harassed by a pursuing flushed with victory and pressing closely in the rear in to which an camp furnished with was formed on the high grounds between fort edward ind plan of retreat therefore was us cable all of the provision on hand iu tlie camp was then it appeared that even on short allowance a supply days remained in store no had been received sir henry although had the necessity of his advance understood i the l his ar and anticipated the speedy arrival ot ihe i aware must in his | 48 |
surrender i of to remain in weakened j s wc p of aa a l i a jt of hit ag ch that s lion of the was in order to prevent an useless of blood a treaty should be into with major a opened by and after some discussion of a wm to and signed on the th october in virtue of which the army out of their and laid down arms with a ma of and h delicacy of feeling that tlie brave his army to be at the spectacle of this submission in a red unwilling by any act to be supposed to do that which might be in the remotest degree to wound the of unfortunate men if any action were wanting to render achievement a beautiful and feature in the national character ii surely was that of general gates thus terminated the career of a numerous and powerful army led by one of the in the british service whose prospects on entering the campaign extended to the of provinces found their limit in the field of it was an event of which had reason to it rewarded with glory the of her it the of her enemies x or mis of and i rot l to in l ot e friend to id wan ia im of no it la i b a rev at t um to tlie a and ui m od o a of u ra rt tour the ii li ty d by air b a md of l bj un il i ud in i ii el of vol of italy a im ti lo in co aa lo be am t j he ii ail and i in in if can aiid to tbe tbe war in of it d th ai mi of t ir proper od tu the weaker of ly and ti ui of and p try our lie of in hat produce bad and l w for ci proof il k v w w i i to b hj lot bu men between of age no re to b to j but n c and l a tn of tim aid ie r i s were to lo s wai at bj of lie j ud aud ood to ma w it oo produce do the m and i wo m a for a more ui lo il some of spain wan and and have ac oi lo the the has spain the i und r m in ob by f id virtue of thin f in for j bare on the of africa i of fine under a of ten year i lo of t ie lo under tl i with money fur ha at he of orange and the of ban to l and l t of in hia a board he bad the of great j to be opened the free import n lion of from onr re to able date which be to br in full which lie in of tlie of had iii x tendency lo tim w a a i ever of ihe of poor laws ir agreed lo report ed the to of ii ii it i r ta extend ri ti i i and in tlie f w the i as in ei the meant of an n are no of w they productive of c mi in every it dot o object worthy of le adopt in we think they are to to to ami the call of tt e poor mo the of their fc l m rom we inn that the o alexander i t to he of nt capital of bi much improved in the c the old en which were b ous stone of tbe are now from of those building tbe stone ef a church waa late ly laid by the to tended by the p a allow only foe he following extract of a utter from r to tlie noticed in our on between thai power april tbe have of isle all they can the nobility of lo the war to the ci hey by do include the any of the royal family and ii spite of a splendid by general now pat el route to he i i i ki ii that but peace ia lt e or o my on he prince h ir bit who both hive mj n of hu talk of war aa he wai prince b m h than ell at he even of t h la h of lie oi of to b t thej find i do well and u it i tht to cap thin to the of t ki vi ii i to be b the troop of uie of ef ix at du he bow fer e bu and co the the greater put of w b tu be to the the it for b en during he the of hi p s late a lo from a packet rf from t mc d i j i aud to aim a few mi of an e e tl with and captain are the n and lu oi thirty of brethren at paris ore and to l the prince heir attired in rich by um royal heart and him to c au to their into hu th it it mid an l an e of hia public ua for ia that om to him in the field with he whidi al aud with m aud it lo employ the of no a ly in the of february ia mj to the c | 48 |
te and tor i with which h e tlie to be t the royal and ii bit s ten the of h ev from the capital the approach hi with a very created an in the country more m a not a of what hit may be hitherto tr which an unbounded to it of to as c o the and now rendered lo and from tlie of fear aiid hit bt ho capital bad preparations fur bis beautiful i b i it i which had lone lain in more w the were put into order and far the of the hit ia by a lar and a ble and an excellent band ic all appointed and and it ii laid tliat tlie la le d of the who il to one by he elder is of bi lull tl new of ba a of the tribe with a of b nor and to hit lo the a the at their head in l ii a of chief it it il ii t w with of u p t l to h tc to in d r i ii i i mu a r a d m f m w u ta a pa ed j by k w ti ml i die cf a mi i of mid of tbe a all of f to i mi is if under nm add aa of ihe i into tt ur lu make l u d of before i p m af i tor par tha i an be to hi a and md with s allowing i in uie b plant j tv i w i ail u a cure tor la in or ii hm a root the plant w until of which r a warm nm to c of a n the water i hare a a a i h a m wa rt i i it r m a a i m tin to a ia mm i ae m n t ed a b the l aad and aad m w p t t or at i in d i bo y il i l u i with i an il and au aod of bare bees in it iv are far i mr i v eat tm ot u aad a ni f or ui the following i i report of to thai cellar in of n lo h id lu lo a the to i k oa die h i i the port lot i paul for uie c w d si ill af l ii n of i time into he r to i if fa iii r he not it u thai h b ble to o north than captain but he ii to of lie i oo of with a mud cm da of m lie but tke tho of e h not him um a op tbat t ho tm of america lu dear to it u on the it of he d a into which he aad to which he du il ted for two day thai be lai k da in exploring that great bay in of it th h the bo to and ri n il t io bt i hey all armed out to him a hay to report he find a canal which would conduct him o but il required they laid he reach the m he that to which he tho good hope and found of a wall it only for au j into number ot be at the entrance of threat bar the be well k in hi report a very of are tall and well made m a greater degree of than the of the middle pan of the north of america they learned la the bay of s the of when tin that t ic who thai io a el their oe m tbat they the who a and who tobacco coral ia exchange for their a and forced io bay to south io next year he to he kindly the p h of san he experienced the ami and had ha re m c a at ha a and by and from the to the may be d with a of and witb ml without l w ate of ur sinking nm be from farther by according to direction to bo to it il the motion of m as tt m from a by of an or a line or without motion to it on one point in direction ih n tf m of the hai in a oo th o of the of the so celebrated by he it to the toil of thai il appear from by m that in of he mud there eleven of water nine of is of of iron our of ia of and forty the and ra ry to i where ihe mud i taken that un the of the river contain a great deal of while in that at a tho il it the abundance or earth in proper br he of the art brick of it and rain of different it en ten ll e of pipe ihe i tr won ut il in jt the u a i i will it and it at b for mr c k of u the f n b to j in two will be to ef the um n o ac of ik mm one of daniel de i an ac l m for l ol at on and he from um of it t m following a the additional o and t her | 48 |
ii ber it l a and h r it all and and i tn the and the man that hat b to his portion bat no to do rejoice in lier and bo on the band to be the woman and ed fit of education and it if her temper b good ber md impertinent and her for wont of at and ber and if ber temper be bad want f her and she grows insolent and loud if be want of her aod a which i at with a if the be of a lu ber and and from to be turbulent and lit at a t v at a it tho of a or it m to a then deal upon of t at and bo the her oo in back al he u a lord lie late own a i mr ma be with a to one perched th other a dirt bit in the h a of p oat ef bit t of it it of twelve p a w mr i from an al um in mr with a cap made out of hia mr satan i world a ami mil bv inviting all lo take an with him to and their so poem tut year ia in th t for ot it in it the the ia april poetical for a a poetical aa piece obtained fifty in tha it in tho of except th i the an the whole it and a it were of pure l ii magic th bat a of im which he to aad chat tlie poet u the of the of hia par and at be waa out for italy he which proved of in bi i u as n in j ut moat hat a now vi i a i a t tm a i the e horribly i j bu thai all mm ot i re be u public and lo for m r id i of women to ami i be dial the di of in ray bat b im i n an official table in ac ba b i n t d at or hj tim a in th be b to t of lo si in all s tb ms t d total of thorn been and m ta a of s ms it that the iu that of n the at ll th r of tbe a d m rapid r then of lie burning s ci l m remained and there bare i h making tlie total at to nt of city lo l ib tbe and of tbe the notice in to the of one of of the to it late that u tlie of l i d sl t bin a on tbe t of al of b friend on c add o ti ia un h return l a u la the he ai a ta al the a a ef la lu t the ud bit by and the in chief c the far r united which life lie wm lo the of major and after lo thai of colonel of a while major be planned and tn l ll e attack on the t post at to city of new their head and hon the e of and navy and safely into the many from the taken there are few to be found on military in hazard or or with more and daring it too led the camp of with and a and an g on american after he to the department ot the united o tbe and di battle of which reduced under tlie power of tbe enemy h of north c and the many which in that and war under and it ii not to the are of and in all will be the of by and of ardent by brave and patriotic were recovered tbe enemy he ui peace and m l iti e ul all tu and of al of wa he returned ui walks of life he wa often a rf tbe l gi a one of te to under the a la i i united s ni f n s tn the ae tbe while or be va o use tbe i od lo the ot in which be bad to bring to order and e tho of m he thb n a b i of and of bi or a keeping in br metal and ant public la be ru he filled with u ib he me and too in dip of hm ob in be that ii te and wealth like and he died poor ue l n a work entitled of the war in the of in which and endured tbe p c in tbat h ir and and the and of their live and are io ner r t a lo the a v of he b tbe perusal of which be delighted the ta which in part the of nd cannot fail lo all who do ire lo the aod to know the be on all and of which m la bar conducted him at the tomb of and hi by tbe at of hi in m and in a awe l it ti known john of as intended of a edition of um o aa to m the won and too a the able tf and of the ana in in of wc a been incident to tbe r n ent that it ill to the ti ae ii lee them it n not lo but and of tbe trade in country lu the of a taken and net to it ite | 48 |
such a t were and are unhappily pursued by general hu example and writings were more fitted to repress the spirit and activity of the and of which his speaks than likely to be d to and if men of opposite sentiments not then dwell upon them without painful recollections must have b en to very resolutions and here wc would repeat generally front the review an to any anecdotes or that might give to individuals it should t e remembered that public arc the property of the public that their character belongs to and posterity and that it is absurd and d re di table to think of or any m of the evidence by which their merits must be ultimately it l e mere oh the part of the editor when he us arrival of the days for the perception of the true value of s remains of what his would have prescribed had he anticipated the scenes s c and of s of nine years for a finished performance which has much tu do with papers in treating of s works in our number we mentioned a of mr temple dated march i ih and published at thai period in the an english newspaper of paris in that letter addressed purposely to the editor of the he stoutly any between him an l die british government for the of his grandfather s he moreover that he had offered the copy right to of the most noted who refused to publish the work even at their own expense and that he had himself on account of the considerable cost we are utterly at a to reconcile the tenor of the letter with that of his present preface wherein be a as the motive of his and relates that to committed th papers earlier to the press would have been more to his pecuniary advantage that he had endured the of the without complaint as his notice and it to be repeated without being into an explanation on the whole wc confess ourselves to be of the number of those contracted mind who think that the world has sustained real injury by the of these and who disposed to that on many accounts we cannot pardon it a great wrong has been done in the of the gratification which they would have afforded to the many eminent and personages and u u of his in the c m ot bv in the of i ii it i s of th who have died in the internal during which u papers kept in to pass editor to a more subject the of the lift in home of view it i t not of as much attraction or as that of the j major part of it is hi entertaining all that is new to the world ol composition of is equally both as to sentiment and with what had x t a ready the account of hi life brought down to y which has been read in ii i and ea land is but a translation of n french version of it of th it i now printed literally from thi manuscript and fifty seven of the volume und f it is more precious to the world creditable t the writer a t it from his own but the garb which it had received wan by no means i he the translation is often the same as that of s more his in alluding to it an injustice yet as we think of it we would not be understood to mean that any pen could furnish an lent for the style of which beyond other perhaps t i the remark of that style is the image of character tile editor has divided the volume into five parts and the account which we have spoken the first i he second consists of the of the biography to tha year i r and extends lo the page its lone is the writer becomes more involved in he business of life enters upon the management of important all is natural and easy the e itself lessons of when the and does not as he delights to do lo frame and them we all which we are entitled lo expect from the ol his genius and pursuits j historical details must be always americans number and variety in tlie introduced mc of whom are not a portion of fame it impossible to i more lively l and happy than our philosopher is in re of men and or to be more in from the mind of the reader all idea of on the pan of the writer even where he ir more immediately the hero of the tale the of the has with fulness and dignity tile same facility simplicity per and by which all his writings are it is matter of permanent regret that fr did to his declared intention bring down his tu last stage of his existence much light s indeed shed in i of the correspondence upon his r n his residence in i ix t o x v i t i di r ac he i ii and of history of them by ut n time n still his fine amiable he had as it were filled up of human and experience his ha i attempted to complete his with precision by means of th letter and c papers of venerable relative of dr cr b and other helps he has given very proofs of industry or skill in the execution of his ask the subject however in a powerful attraction fur an and the separate relations of which the editor has do not their origin of these the most considerable arc a embracing twenty pages of the the letter of and a full written ai sea in of his in with regard to the between that | 48 |
and her colonies the sixty pages which these occupy will probably fix attention of the more than any other portion of the the editor proceeds himself in fourth division with the political events of our revolution in which had a share from the period of his ti this country in to that of hu for france in is minister ar of the american he accompanied him on this mission and remained near his person during the whole of his absence of eight years an half it was in treating of this memorable term that he might have laid a the character of the to that of the and we should not have been disposed to had as his model but for his own we have only a of public enriched and however by a er of the private letters of and some from his private journals which l ear distinctly the impress of an understanding unique we arc sorely d that his who enjoyed of knowledge has not to display his relative in his domestic to paint the private man with whom in as we admire the and we are the more desirous of being made intimately acquainted we naturally wish to learn what were his social amusements and occupations at paris to be particularly to his and the most brilliant of the age if his had himself up none of the of his wit of ent or he might at least have for us the anecdotes and adventures which boat is in the french metropolis in the to the life he distinct head of anecdotes relative to dr amount in number to and which though in themselves have been long familiar to all the v v t a we find a letter from mr i s v v w that t m a i e then n but y were not l for the o of t till m la with which wan ever in having heard of c it certainly e y for our editor to collect the and him lo place in hia a department of of s wears it in the a man who was for more than three in he he of the who was in the and of hi and hon were not mere of or for but and the vehicle of the fifth part of the life is appropriated to ii career i cr liis return to america the most remarkable of the pro of his o vn pen here given arc three of his speeches in th which have all the of best manner and the comparison of the conduct of the ancient jews and the an ti of america which is not to be surpassed in ii and his relative to have contented hit m this fifth part with what the and of the could supply every must that he did not take to collect the which he of on this side of the atlantic were able to contribute tht lam live years of his existence were marked b great events and until the last moment he retained to use the language of his the fullest and possession of uncommon mental lilies he bore a in the d at i he anxiously attended no doubt to those of death d in april when the moat of i that of france already made some progress was certainly no one not a frenchman to whom for i sons it could have been of more interest than to about whose opinions and feelings respecting it as i matter history we would naturally be more curious nt his present editor says not a word of them we shall i stop to inquire whether this silence is owing to a i r or tu his morbid sensibility with that scene of hie characters and in tlie mentioned as a of life and i his countrymen must delight in the decided borne to his over his age by some of its most and the letters of mr j and dr him well deserve to be with his works t s fi o n which large are made is the most able and eloquent his life and tliat has appeared the of dr some valuable of his life but cannot be r t for judgment m the ox ea va ia c and m our k will from what been said that in l the it volume not only not provide i life of which ts wanted for the world but that it is far from all ihe n for the purpose which were fairly o w expected from his tj it is lo the an awkward imperfect several papers arc ins which properly l l long to the third volume announced and are not an of the text of the life i o the ponderous the constitution of the united states is introduced into the and are similar indications of mere book making industry all this is n we consider what wa t due from the to the of his the responsibility to the public imposed upon him by hi character and und of which he might at t have for the more perfect execution of his trust having thus as we thought ours bound to do inquired into the management of the editor made a survey of the contents of thin we will l to notice some of them more and to from the narrative of aa ly aa ia with our limits the particulars of his early lift with so much in his first mj familiar to th public that we may from dwelling upon them in the commencement of the part of this volume there is a lor and elegant letter from mr to to which w would refer for a just picture of the m and of such a piece of were somewhat surprised to find in r the objection that it to many | 48 |
particularly endeavoured to convince young thai no are so likely to make a poor man s fortune as those of and integrity he never enjoyed we need suggest how much the circumstance is to be to execute project he upon another of tile same noble aim which he great and and of of which he expresses his fixed opinion though he denied the of attempting it at first by his occupations and by the decay of bis the of it with an observation which been m year in more than one instance e l i ei bv to often repeated for th k v w o a ti vol xi ss n i s of the by the seeming of the i have a that om of work it i ih great among mankind if h a good plan and cutting os all and other employment th t would divert hb attention the execution of the plan his sole study and business in first published s which he continued twenty five years at period the common people bought scarcely any other kind of book and in it ft source of nt and instruction to he rendered it one of considerable to steadily employed as a means not merely o but of the judgment and the morals of hi in our article on the volume of his we made an extract from it containing wholesome to the of newspapers we ask their attention likewise u the following passage from his narrative in the conduct of mj j newspaper i carefully ex d all and personal which is of late become no disgraceful to our country when ever i was to any thing of that kind my was having contracted with my to furnish the with what might be useful or entertaining i could not papers with private with which they had no con without doing them manifest injustice now of our make no scruple of gratifying ihe of individuals and own by false of the fairest among ourselves and moreover so as to print set reflections on the of neighbouring states it was in when he was years old began to study languages he soon became a tolerable in the french italian and spanish and then applied hit with some to the latin of which he had ma red the i early youth i c facility of i to the ac he had formed with the other and that tlie usual mode of beginning with the latin in the education of boys must be in g to their in the common business of life which it is evident from of his reasoning on the subject he had chiefly in view hi opinion may be well but a thorough can be mo readily formed perhaps only on the old plan scholar and did nut un how the cause of was to be managed for which however he always deeply at of its real advancement and i nor was he a man of science yet he enlarged the boundaries and raised the dignity of human knowledge by his grand in and as a writer he has shown together with our hero of the revolution washington arc not to the production of the c of style it should ie t v v i that m able life and writings of i n the only exceptions which wc arc nd the is a sort of triumph in was chosen clerk of the gi of first promotion as ht calls it in his the choice was annual the year following a w member made a speech in to his wc what he relates on this it is every way as the was desirable for mc on accounts i did not like t ie of tliis new member a gentleman of and with that were likely to give in lime great in the which did not aim at paying any respect to him but after some lime took this other method having that be had in his l a aiid curious book wrote a note lo him expressing my of and re that he would do me the of it to me for a few days he it it in about week with note er pressing y my sense of the favour when wc next met in the he spoke to me which ho had never and with r and lie ever a readiness to serve me o i sit so we became greet and our in his death this is another instance of the truth of an old i had which says he that has once done a will l c more ic to do than he you your self have obliged and it shows bow much profitable it is to remote than u resent return and continue proceed in our philosopher was post master of his salary was small but the place increased the circulation of his news and the er so as to be of him a income it was about this time when his had become easy that he turned his to public beginning as he states with small rs no man ever displayed more activity aiid in social comfort in and liberal he his in this way with more complacency than hia triumphs in politics and science it is strongly tn favour of excellence of his that ht should feel this preference after he had attained to an at which most minds would be in to fame of having proposed and brought about fire companies and a regular night watch he took the lead only in improvements but in those of and lighting the of philadelphia in the of th hospital the university and the philosophical society his of the origin of these institutions is of the most lively relish in he invented the open stove which bears his name has so large a portion of | 48 |
the north american the governor lo g w m n t for it but he declined it a w ji iu mi ever weighed with him on such occasions that at es from the invention n c ar j a to any ton of j k i in to the of some of h i n cares he suggestions to may of rather loo homely a philosophy but which an like r of his ideas of a ir aspect d in re true hi i i pro u ed not ni pieces of good fortune that seldom happen by occur day thus if you n poor man to him keep his in order you may r more to the happiness of his life than in giving him a thi tl is sum m y s k ii he spent the regret only r of having foolishly consumed it but in other t he escapes the frequent vexation of for and of thi sometimes fingers offensive dull ray when most convenient to him daily the of its being done with a good instrument the community to which thus most important services wan not to the value of hi talents and dispositions after says he i had resigned all c of the office to an industrious and honest the lie dow considering mc as a man of leisure l i l hold of me their purposes every part of our civil government and almost all at the same time imposing some duty upon me the put me into the commission of the peace the h mc the citizens elected me to represent them in the a c when the french had joined the at england the province to be in danger and that the could be prevailed upon to pass u law be suggested and recommended in a the plan of a association for defence it and ten thousand si natures were soon obtained in the and country the office of die philadelphia regiment chose the author of the plan f colonel but he declined the appointment he then a to the expense ol below the town some old cannon were from ton but i being order were sent to for more m and two other members of the m were sent new york to borrow more cannon of governor he the following anecdote of the governor at first refused but at a dinner with his council where there was great of wine as the custom of that place he by degree and he would lend us six i few more s he advanced to ten and at length he vi good they were fine cannon ht regularly ur a vi to guard i v t n n si i i in a lor thing and a ami both in out of th for the promotion o an of defence after the of of ex he traces be did ih iii write on the of while tht m in the city and country forming and learning their exercise the prevailed with me to take charge of our north frontier which by the enemy indian an l i for the defence of the troops and building a line of i undertook the bu s i did not conceive myself well for it i had but little in men having s under my command my son was my aid de camp and of great use to mc having his force at and to tlie upper and lower country he marched to where he threw up a without being by the indians the campaign it and no doubt conducted in a mood as following anecdote will testify wc for our s minister mr to me men l il not generally attend bit and when were pay and provisions a rum a day v served out to them in the morning the other in the and i they were in attending to receive it upon which i said to mr it is perhaps below the dignity of your to set n of the rum ml if you were to it out only t after would hare them all ii you he liked the undertook he k ami with the help of n to measure out the li i ar es ii to never were pr ers more generally and more attended so that i think to the punishment by military laws for non attendance on service the were scarcely completed when the governor and many members of the assembly recalled the new commander to the of that e he returned at once but had not yet reached the end of his military career his tone on this subject is such as to prove that he laid no undue stress upon his martial being returned to philadelphia i found the association went on with great success the meeting chose me the colonel of the i forget how many com ho in tl o and far the ib by the of i brave bill be had too loo so af hid a ind too aa one of who waa of l being l ra of um and oa bim to death in a few days au lay at t only aid a w jo d only at w ui n m m r aw aod died in a few of the but we about well looking men be first i my tliey me to und n ould mc with some rounds fired before ni door wliich shook down and broke glasses of and new honour proved not much less ii out were soon after by a of uie la in it is remarkable with how much and he speaks of his aud act than of his economical improvements and moral ha what has been said of his | 48 |
labours in the til of is cr just that were all views of utility in the and were without exception ap to promote those views in the end he but a few as it were incidentally to an account of rise progress of his philosophical reputation some of which we to in being in i met there with a dr who lately from mid and showed tne some ex were lo ho was not very but tu oi a ui g new lo mv tliey c c and pleased soon after my to our library company received from mr peter f it s of london a of a glass some use of it in i mixed opportunity of repeating l ai i al boston and by much great in also which wc an account of from ent adding a number of new ones i s y much practice fi r my house was con full for some time with persons who came to see these new to divide a my i a number similar to be blown in our glass which they furnished so that we had at ed as we were to mr for the present of the fr i it right he informed of our success in il wrote letters containing accounts of our experiments he t them read in the royal society where they were not bi first thought worth so much notice as to le printed in their transactions one paper i wrote lor mr mi the of with i sent t mr an of mine and one of the members also of that who wrote ine word it been read but was at by the the papers bt wc cr being shown to dr he thought them of too much value in be and advised the of them mr gave them publication in his gentleman s ine but he chose lo print them separately in a and ur preface cave it judged lor liis profession for by arrived they swelled lo a which had five and cost him nothing br copy money it was however some time before those papers were much taken notice of ill england a copy ot t i vii y d into the hands count a xi i cm x va c i i indeed ill over he prevailed with lo tht were at the the ti r in natural the ro l and an able formed and a of t which the ue he could not at believe that a work came and it have been hy his at paris to oppose hu f having been l there r existed a person aa at philadelphia which he had doubted he wrote and a t of letter chiefly addressed to me his ami denying the verily of ex me ills and of tne from them never answered ab but this was for him triumphantly by a of the academy of of his were repeated in that capital brilliant the u an quickly with unbounded admiration the continent of c and volume published by cave translated into nearly all into the latin tlie of society of london who had at tht idea of the of lightning with m on came co a sense of error and made amends to the american by overwhelming with honours and from this time all learned societies of the world sought permission to his name on their rolls many were cr made to deprive him of tlie of in his experiments and theory so hard waa it tor tu admit that a of could her in the glorious into tlie mysteries of nature the spirit which these is not yet extinct we arc not in lo it in part n made in a late number of the review that as a writer was formed tn europe and that do credit is therefore to be by od the score of his he spent in fact but two years of his youth between the age of eighteen and in england in an obscure and situation he did not return to europe until he had passed his year he had published in the inter al the letters on f for their luminous and and those moral which the same critics describe on another occasion as perfect models popular eloquence the specimens of a style had l but little in britain c was appointed of the from to join the of from the different colonies which was assembled at in by order of the f to confer with the of tlie six nations about their common defence in the french war then apprehended on the ji t if tlie plan of union which lie forward at tliis he writes in hi oi v i vol tv of tht to bo in to r i and drew up for the un lo r a ii i lit lie y and im i t int t bj the a pi i of of great in i id lay it before it a several had formed plan of kind a previous was first taken whether an l c which id a was one member from lo consider the plans re port mine to be preferred and with a few hy this plan the general nt waa to bo by a general appointed aiid supported by crown and a grand to be chosen by the of people of tbe met in their a upon it in went on daily bond in hand with the i many i were but at they were all and the plan was agreed to and copies ordered to be to the board of trade and to the provinces its was the bv did not adopt it as they all thought there too much it and in england it was d to have loo much of the wc cannot i in the opinion he proceeds to | 48 |
gi e that the execution of his plan would l ve the contest between ine mother he describes her as not choosing tu their union in the form proposed at lest thej grow too military and feel own strength suspicion and even at this lime being of them her reasons and were we think pretty just for the jt direct tendency in und the of the to enable them o effect their with more cue ind judging from her own national in the best of they so largely partook britain might have more than suspected that they would not long to any external dominion after they saw in a condition to it off we not sure that the intention of their did not in the mind of as early even as one ot extraordinary sagacity intimate knowledge of his i might well have had of the great crisis he was appointed r il in by from the il in and had in other respects an interest in preserving favour of those who could he s and r un the side of the assembly of in its with the in speaking of s administration he says it was a continual battle liim and the house i had my share of lu was put un every committee for answering his speeches and age and by the s desired to make the our answers aa as his messages were mm w w i wm w the a w w lift and of i i i king against they appointed their champion already the boast of the whole to go over to england pre und u iii ri has been tu ten character and of this to us from on its felicity we may repeat however solid reflection that the example of the in for an of l the tone which in his pa er and newspaper the topics of general concern which he introduced into the sion and broad principles of natural and constitutional right which principles striking at of the pretensions of britain had no effect in preparing the north american people at large for resistance to those he is exceedingly entertaining in relation to the arrangements for liis departure he circumstances of the moment brought him into contact u the commander of the british forces lord in c character prevailed to a degree which would seem incredible in the of one who had reached and responsible n station anecdotes with which his conduct furnished might pa for the inventions of a dramatic poet at the of that mischievous iu most ridiculous ag i wondered much says our philosopher how such a man came to be with so a business aa the conduct of a great but having since seen of great world and the means of and motives for giving places and my wonder is diminished wc have already made more from the than with the attention which wc meant to give to the succeeding of volume must indulge in one more to c a full specimen of the of it relates to a person of great consequence in his day in i arrived among us ireland the reverend mr had made himself there as an preacher he was at first permitted to in some of our but tbe clergy taking a dislike to him soon refused him their am ba was obliged to preach in oi all and attended his sermons and it was a matter of speculation to mo who was one of the number to observe the influence of bis on his hearers and how much admired and respected him not with stand lit g his common abuse of them by assuring them were naturally and devil was wonderful to sec the change soon in the manners of our from being thoughtless or about religion it as if all the world were growing so that one could not walk the town in an evening sung in of every street and it being i inconvenient to in the open subject to its the building of a to meet in was no sooner and persons ap to re but sums were soon vn v the ground and the a r aad work was v s v s i i ed in much shorter time than could have b en l r and ground were veiled in for the of any to at hu in nut tu particular but in i i th t even if the of were lo a r o us he would find pulpit at his service mr on leaving us went till the the to ia the of province had been begun but instead of being with h i men to labour oa y people for such an i was of shop k per s and other many of and idle of the who being td down in un or clearing and unable tu tlie new perished in leaving mm helpless children for the of their inspired the benevolent heart of mr with the building an orphan house in which tliey be up and educated northward lie preached up this and i large fur liis had a wonderful power over tl hearts and of his hearers of which i myself was an did not of the but as was then materials and workmen and it was proposed tu send from at a expense i i would have been better to ba built house at i and brought children to it thk advised but he wai resolute in his first project rejected my and i therefore refused o contribute i soon after to one of sermons in the of which i perceived ho to finish witli a tion and i he should get nothing from me i had in my pocket a of three dollars and five in h old as he i began to and | 48 |
concluded to f the another stroke of mc of that and determined me to give tlie silver and t ko that i emptied my pocket into the tor s dish gold and at this sermon there was of our cl who being of my respecting tlie building in suspecting a collection might be had by precaution bis pockets before he came from home towards the conclusion of t discourse be felt a strong tu give and applied to stood near him to lend some money for the purpose the request waa fortunately made to tho only man to the company who had the firmness not to be affected hy the preacher his answer was any friend j it r but n now ir thee me to c out of the last time i saw mr was in london when he con mc about his orphan house and his of it to the establishment of a college he had a loud and clear voice and his words so ly thai he might he and at a great distance u hit observed the most perfect he preached l evening from the of the court steps which arc in the market si and s which n angles streets were e t s i a a able being among th sa w wi t a and i i p to for could m h by retiring down the l the river and i found ills voice till i sit i e in thai obscured u imagining a i f my should be the and thai it to each of i allowed two i mi be by more than thirty i his i me m he i r of to people in and history of i whole armies which had doubled by him often i came lo easily between sermons newly composed and which be often preached in course of hi travels his delivery of the was so improved by t accent every emphasis every of voice was im perfectly well and well placed that without being in the one could not help being with a pleasure o much the same kind with that received from an excellent piece of music this is an advantage pi have over e who are as the cannot well their delivery of a sermon by to many arrived in london in july aa a nt for the assembly of in their remonstrance t the conduct of the pro dispute turned upon the refusal of the latter to their estates in the province to be the assembly in common with other private it was after much delay and debate brought by the dexterity and zeal of the to an issue entirely satisfactory to the province the submitted to the claim of tlie assembly upon n readily accorded that their estates should not he beyond due proportion in the of this suit had to with strong prejudices which had been excited both in the j and p ii the dispositions and motives of his it had his ha at home as he in narrative whenever a s project was in to prepare the public mind by writing on the subject in the news soon after his arrival in he began to avail him in like of the english to public opinion in regard to his errand and the relative of the he employed his leisure besides during the with the in preparing for the same general purpose the considerable work which appeared in j entitled an historical the constitution and government of as he directly to this work in his narrative p as his own we do not sec why his grand son is so particular in discussing the point of it fully deserves for the ability with which it is executed the lofty which it received it materially not only to the author s object but to the higher aim which he cherished from the earliest period of and the of north in r vi e he done in v i m the his allowance is to be made in their favour for and under which he we would remark by the way that to judge from ii tone and certain passages of his narrative in respect to lie be was never a warm of their spirit or man age meat such a man as i not fail tu grow in c form in london upon urgent h the elder then undertook the of canada which was so achieved by in the summer of i ne returned laden with scientific honours and in his stock of knowledge to resume hi i seat in d c of the old dispute between that body anew and i was not backward sup the re in of the for a of the j ro into a re u was again selected ax the agent of the province at the court of and accordingly proceeded without delay in short time afterwards he wa appointed by the colonies of n and to represent them on the theatre in i c he made an excursion to he land and and in the following year to paris and wherever he appeared was welcomed by the learned and the great with of esteem and admiration as he all his voyages to the best account for philosophy ho he the te by many curious inquiries which wc have not room to higher american interests than the quarrels of his province engaged his in it w i in his exertions to the of the stamp act that he appeared in his proper as a and in his natural as the of the whole american people the ten years of his residence england from to constitute the true period of his in the high ion which he had received from providence we cannot pursue his grand son in details whit be | 48 |
has collected of his conduct and opinions in relation to the actions on both sides of the water during this inter but wc must remark that can exceed the admiration fitted to inspire of his sagacity integrity and patriotism manifest to us that he nearly in the outset of any in the british system and ideas that he counted and intent upon the struggle for that in his to an ihe party in its career of folly and the other in ll e gratification of it he consulted the supposed id of his immediate and his distrust of the al of bis country to enter at once upon an armed contest with power of britain abundant evidence of his uniform and invincible to no oi com for tht hich c v a ui lift and of of published in london in a number of in his il not m amiss to quote some few of in of the temper of hi i mind at period i a ti last to support the and of the p bi the and cannot to whilst parliament this want a new h order duties taken os he i mistaken did they not and will petition no more they taken keep to your if will not pay because hey not c you use ill in laying such duties they will manufacture fur if the behaviour in consequence of their it seems high time to or them with them ui peril the must the of never we the spirit and views of this i genius of the are developed in his letter to the hon thomas dated july which is given in the th page of the present volume he in it the of a general a full and and declaration of their rights mutual that they will never grant to the crown till those rights are recognised by the and both houses of te the end of bringing the dispute to a crisis of being in readiness for the united exertion of their common force sec in the pan of volume we have his of the and s letters which pro l so lively a l in america and england hie annals of the british government do not perhaps a scene more disgraceful lo it than the examination of this case before the lords of the if the fierce and poured forth on the occasion by the general and the merriment with which they were heard by the members of that high court appeared monstrous at the time no can express in what they must now be viewed after the publication of the it is u victorious statement for the author additional titles to the gratitude of his country and the esteem of the world it anew astonishment nt the corruption and of the british of that era a indeed the wonder grows whenever wc arc brought lo back on proceedings to the and wickedness of the upon the favourite agent of the colonies was added on their part i i i v k mix i ft i m of the the of him soon from the office of r which he under the crown he listened to the of and witnessed i u exultation of the without the f m they an upon his mind can be w from his l x and it is related the of that when he i at is the and america he purposely attired iti the which he wore on his before the council wc nothing however in hi or writings to the he allowed the outrage to influence conduct but on other hand clear that his private were lost in the felt at the wrongs of hit and in the with which k sought lo establish her how much the american in him over the individual may be collected from the that though preserved a perfect self command and when as so in own character he could not support manner the attacks made upon of nation as we shall quote here by anticipation what he relate i paper which will furnish us by and by with details of interest a before i london being at the house of when debate in which lord was to speak and who spoke on i was from the side by r re on american courage religion in which wc were treated with tlie utmost contempt as the lowest or and of species from english ol britain but particularly the american was by some of the lords who ib it wc were ai d warned by this dispute to avoid our debts that if had any of or justice wc should r payment of the tea sec i home somewhat and heated la retort upon this m tion on the of drew up a memorial to present to lord before my but my friend mr upon il who is a member of house of he looked at it and si me several times as if lie apprehended me s of my senses he called xx my house the next day that i was gone u the house of came to mc and that it was thought my having no instructions directing me to deliver such a protest would make it appear still more and be deemed a national af front i had no desire to make matters worse and being grown cooler took the so kindly given mc the editor has a correspondence and dean which the friends of thi if any survive cannot read with much he had ha to in one of his and when pressed explanations from tjie utter to be t u i ai life and writing t f logic expression the american had a most decided til the fast and was soon felt in the s ni forth by the first in with the british and in tht and solemn finding thai his efforts | 48 |
were vain and that the government thought of him a i an he ri to return ut to america and embarked accordingly in march i j it was during this voyage that he wrote account in a letter o his son of he in which he was concerned in london with regard to the n great britain and america a precious historical and which we have already described as to engage the attention of the more than any other portion of the volume under consideration the brilliant in the british nt had embarked in the same with i and the important aid which they perceived and thi circumstance led tu frequent een him and lord at the same time tlie opposition every day more formidable as die crisis approached and the more by this danger an l the failure of their measures of the latter formed the plan of making use of if they could to their their advances for purpose the schemes of which he submitted to their ag and his relations with the con the principal matter of the he drew it up while his mind was yet n if we may be allowed the phrase with the contempt disgust and with which he had been filled bv the deeper insight he had obtained into the composition and aims of the and the feelings of the monarch its tone bears in than one place to the and of his impressions lu lor quotation some of the most striking passages we shall begin with his of the first at a communication with him on the part of the it having been as he remarks um humiliating for them to apply to him openly after the which had heaped upon him at the council board the new parliament was lo meet the a h of november about the beginning of that at the royal society mr one of our members me here a certain lady who had a of with me at could beat mc and bad requested him o bring mo to t was he said a lady whose acquaintance he was sure i be pleased a sister lord s lie hoped l not refuse i said i had y been long out of practice but would the lady when he and m should lit he mc where her w li ma b j h mo call soon and i wc v a it j j of but it b i it and on f be mi ing again ti of i ic elect i ti the day alter j he put mr in u my and i kept it l have a day when lie tie would aud mc t named friday i lie i ly went with him with the i or sensible und c mc to ai ir la an for meet a few k i not hen l i could have with this near thi lot w i to tie double and mr david received a separate commission on the thursday preceding this ty mr n mc to c concerning the meeting of to n that over ho spoke i r i n situation of air un the hazard that a civil be ht on by the present and the merit t would who could contrive some a calamity and brim a reconciliation he was then d to add that he wm per from my knowledge of both my character and influence in one of them and my io bu tn no had it so much in his power as myself i naturally answer that bo very happy if i could in any degree be in m good a work but i saw prospect of it lor was an be were always willing and to agree ui un e u able terms yet i thought an accommodation wished it and by what i could judge from tlie proceedings of i i did not they had the least disposition towards i they rather wished lo the north american people into ui rebellion which might a execution and a malice which i conceived to t here against the w a of that country mr apprehended i judged too hardly of the he was persuaded they were i ot all of thai and he fancied they would be very glad to get out of their pr embarrassment on any terms only the honour and ho wished therefore that i would think of the and he would and converse with me further upon ii would do m at he re it but i bad no opinion of its any purpose we upon lays after received from mr and an to meet them with a view to momentous at house the following evening the lime was the evening of the day on which i my party with the mrs met after playing as long as we liked we fell chat partly on a problem and partly about i parliament then just met when she said nd wliat is to be done i between gi cat britain and the colonies i hope wo are i lo have a civil war they should kiss and be said i can t icy do better quarrelling can be of service to but is t a unusual aim mb ic te c i life and u ril of i liave r l i government i would employ to for i am could do il m well not ti thing is f it the arc lo foi l i two have really to differ about i ji a of two or reasonable might in i thank you lor the good opinion t of but the ministers will never think of cm ing mc ill thai f ood work hey to mc ay mid she they hare behaved to you and | 48 |
indeed of m arc new ashamed ol it themselves looked upon this aa accidental no more of it and went in the to tbe appointed meeting at ur i found mr with him i in this interview repeated his despair of an but tu him that m was the of some of the be had reason co f w believe others were and prevailed with him to promise to sketch a plan of or which he b tl to the most moderate among the d a few evening subsequent i w to him seventeen distinct hints for conversation upon the of terms that might probably produce a union be and the colonies he assigned at length on the l reading of the paper his reasons for each article he has written out the m his and it is scarcely to state he fur all that the could desire short of c a fair copy of the hint w is r ue with to show them to lord a very man and though not in the i a good deal attended to by them it was agreed moreover very seriously no doubt that be mentioned as a party lo the conspiracy for peace in the course of a fortnight he received an intimation from mr that lord thought the proposition too hard proceeded however in the other and it is more interesting on ci day mrs she told me as soon a in that her lord wished to l e he very good and she was sure we like each i bad always heard a good of lord and should be of the ol bring known to me is just by said will you give me leave lo send for liim all if think proper she ing for a a ami lord in a his told liim after a long of compliments that if he would indulge him with his ideas of means proper to bring al a it might be o c iv a i t no ill the w ow v v that by conveying his w xi u i of the j he might be a means of i a c the lady then to withdraw hut was ill courteous philosopher who assured her he could q secret in such which he would not freely o h after a reply to he to ir him also a paper of terms the lady proffered her id r future meetings of the no su would from s there il bi known tliat i e an the ur at at the next lord sounded him upon the of sending out to america to inquire mi and consult with the leading there of his then produced a copy the in s hand w and did not conceal h knowledge of the author he found them too hard am likely to be more to he told mc says that he not think of ng me by any selfish motive but i might with expect any reward in the government to bestow to me was what french call in the at another meeting the same personage in him to make part of the contemplated mission tu america either as jt friend or remarked tliat if he lord tin he on lo and ample for those he took with him well as a firm promise of concluded asking leave of to procure for him the payment of of his salary as agent for new in the i of the towards him the suggestion of unlimited ro com pen of his if he would bring a suitable to of die go x wax times repeated to him by agents of the and ways with the lofty disdain and which the majesty of his position not less than the of nature was calculated to inspire projects and counter projects and various followed these conversations with lord govern look his share and i nd all i ap e in the fi could have foi an instant of its but he to every made on side with sincere zeal m a commanding ability jt was impossible for him to to and upon him to make ihe most of i occasion for the full of the rights of he has t ic evidence of his ft ol the of m v e from bin w w v i wi s ii with tlie most y wi wn a life and writing of m i i we have reserved space for copious and r any of own when i to in may remember i made several o k introduced o lord at that time first i ter on af my i business but without ho n too great a or too much in of greater moment i therefore obliged to content with a kind of un acknowledged communication through mr and mr his who seemed to cultivate an mo by their and drew what i could give to american war with my on measures that were or by which gave the opportunity of and tlie utility of i afterwards mr an i admired him at a and made no more attempts fur a acquaintance i only once or twice the of hearing through lord and i think lord that he did mc the honour of mentioning mc sometimes ns a person of respectable character the end of august last from t i called to i t my friend mr at his in to a former lie let me know that ho had promised to conduct me to lord s it who expected i would call on him when i came into that neighbourhood we accordingly on lord that evening who told me desired to mc that mr s i was to being in the way he would call for mc there the next and carry mo to thia was done accordingly truly great man received mc with of | 48 |
civility inquired particularly into the of affairs in america spoke of the severity of the late laws the gave me some account ol his speech in opposing and expressed great regard and for the people of that country w k continue firm and united in defending by all and legal means their right assured him that i made no doubt would do which he said he pleased sensible be well with i remarked to him that this empire had found and long in the practice of a method whereby every was well l trusted i a with the i and that arisen such satisfaction in the and such encouragement to new that had it been for the wrong politics which would have to be though ii not to be so il could at the same time be we have gone on extending our western empire adding province to province a r as the south sea thai lamented the which seemed impending over so fine a plan so well adapted to make all the ul the happy ami i that if hi with the other great and wise men of the nation would unite and exert themselves it might yet be rescued out of the of the present set of and that the union and l britain her so necessary to the welfare of both m be restored he replied with great politeness my i i i one of i i ur empire ik i l d promised to to tint news i from therefore s ui of as ax i received but a week after i received the petition before i could ae i with to do wall upon him with it in oi to obtain hi on ff for time was up in with tlie other agent about the in waiting three different on lord in upon and writing letters to of and other which did not allow d r to go to at m on i got out one o clock he me with an kind of respect that from so great a man was opinion he expressed of the was still more ua they ud he said with so much temper moderation and wisdom i c il the most le assembly of since ancient ia die most virtuous times tim here were not in their whole proceedings above one or two i could have wished perhaps but one and that was their i that the keeping up a standing army in in peace without consent of their was against law be i that was not well founded and that the law to did not to the the rest he admired aiid honoured lie i the petition decent manly and properly expressed he mat and particularly state of the the they must meet with iii i any long time resolutions the resources might have supply the deficiency of commerce to all which i gave with he seemed satisfied he a regard warm for hat country with hearty wishes for their pr and thai government here might soon come to sec its ai d them and that possibly he might if his t permitted prepare something fur its when the meet after the on which be should wish to have previously my sentiments from i went to mr s place to dine thence a visit to lord at but hearing his and the family were in town t staid at all and next morning went to to call upon lord being in my way to town met his and in two just without his gate going on a visit of to and his on late marriage of their daughter to son of lord they were to be back to dinner agreed to go in stay and spend the evening there not i turn to town till next morning we liad that afternoon and ever great deal of conversation on american affairs concerning w was very inquisitive and i gave o beat information in my power was charmed with his generous and noble sentiments ami bad the hearing his full approbation of tlie s of tile petition etc be of at his i a copy as he seemed tou i v t ct witli the same temper ma w ai i i i i i life and of vl proceeded in most of their public n case he did doubt they would succeed in if and obtain a and ai with the of the aiid t ol wliich he to on the h of i card from lord lord a motion to make on the morrow in the of lords america greatly desired that i might be tj the into which lord s would endeavour to procure mc ad al lime it waa a rule of tlie no person could introduce more than friend the nest morning his let mc know u another card that if i n ti at two o clock in would be there that time and would himself me i attended and met him there ly on my mentioning to him what lord had written lie certainly and i da it with the am sure your being present at i ii i day s debate will be of more service to america than and so taking me by the was leading me along the to the door that enters near throne when one of door followed and him that by the order none were to be carried in at that door but eldest or brothers of on which be hack witli me to the door near the bar where were standing a number of gentlemen waiting for the who were to hem and some waiting for they expected to he delivered me to the aloud this u or whom i would have into the house when tbey readily opened the door for mc accordingly it had | 48 |
not been publicly known that there was any between his and mc found some t i was charmed with lord s speech in support o his motion he impressed me with the highest idea of him as a great and most able on sunday following being the j hia came to town and called upon me in street he brought with him his plan in the form of an act of which h put into my hands me to consider it carefully and to communicate to liim such remarks upon it as should occur to me he concluded to offer it the wednesday following and therefore wished to see me upon it the preceding tuesday when he would again call upon me i could conveniently come to i chose latter in respect to his and because was of and i to be with him early that we might have more time he staid with me near two hours liis g waiting at the and being there while people were coming from church it was much taken notice of and talked of as al that time was little circumstance that men thought might possibly any way it waa ut the tune that hit bad hi p with the io remarkable in and lie c i wilt nm my that can the hit but i will they will make um m m au i will out v w v american air such a visit from so man mi a not l my and honour of it gave ma more as it ny twelve the had so much pains to mc he council i was at on tuesday agreeably o promise wc into consideration of the plan but li i near in manner of i think all cl persons was m full and in particular i was not time to go through hall my lie is not ca ity and i had such pleasure in hearing that little inclination to interrupt him on lord nt l r l called upon me and carried me down to the house of lords won very full lord in a most excellent speech explained and his plan when he down lord rose and properly it contained matter of such weight and ma as to require much consideration and he therefore hoped the did not expect their to decide upon it by an immediate but be willing it should lie upon tbe table for consideration lord answered tliat he expected nothing more hut lord rose and in a vehement speech opposed its being received at all and gave hia it ought to he with the contempt ii deserved be could never believe it to be production of any peer it appeared to him work of some and face towards mc who was leaning on the bar lie he had in bis eye person who drew it up one of the bitterest most enemies bis country had ever known this drew the eyes of many lords upon mc but as i liad no to lake it u myself i kept as as if my f had been made of wood lord in bis reply to lord took notice of hit that the plan waa dot the s who proposed in declared that it was entirely bis a he lit the more obliged lo make as many of their d to so mean an opinion if it so weak or bad a thing t waa proper in him to lake care that no other n should in lie censure it deserved it bad been heretofore his rice not to be apt to lake but he made no scruple to that if he were the first minister of this and had the care of settling he should not he ashamed of publicly calling to his assistance a person so perfectly with whole of american the alluded lo and so on one be was to say whom all held in high estimation lor his c and wisdom and with our and who w an not to the english nation only hut to human i found it harder to mind this compliment the preceding equally extravagant but kept n well as i could as not it to relate to mc la the commencement of m y t s was again in and very day v n va t n x v i le i of a to he considered the as cast and had thence van but one aim national independence to which he d il his as of the committee of safety he projected the de for the of the he urged and procured the of a paper money and encouraged the of it to the extent of the public upwards of age h contented at the desire of to go on two m ii one to the american camp near boston he other to canada a journey attended with the personal hardships it may be r imagined that he rendered important service in the foreign correspondence of which no other man was so competent to direct jn the ah in that assembly of the eat of a declaration of independence he exerted all bis influence in favor of the measure he set a most example of stem decision and of purpose in this great cause and with a view to the public mind in the requisite degree of animation as well as for the of his patriotic feelings he went even beyond his i in the of his and magnitude of his against the british government when lord appeared at length on the american as with his brother was one of the three whom from body to meet him and report the proposals which he to make there is no per of which out in stronger relief his and than his letter of july io ing to the particular correspondence which thought it to open with him on | 48 |
this occasion in july a held at philadelphia for the purpose of giving a constitution to the of and was chosen to over their he succeeded in introducing into the constitution ted his favourite of ii me and t tlie of in instance and has never been tried with advantage in modem times he to it and supported it with much ingenious and plausible reasoning but it may with confidence be pronounced and we cannot refrain from expressing our surprise that it found favor with so and sagacious a not much time elapsed before the of an representation in france became evident to and there could be no hesitation in the choice of the individual to be charged with the interests of the m on all important the appointment of n as hailed by the whole country as die happiest of and it in the result every the most and hope we can barely i i i h v mi v a r j i v of tht touch on some points of the of mission repent our complaint his son to the ao few comparatively of its private details the m of did not proceed to paris on his al in france lie s week l h neighbourhood of he did not his son assume sit that time any public thinking it prudent know first the court was and willing to receive rs from the con ss he did not wish to tj the on the one nor to subject himself i his to the hazard of a disgraceful refusal on tt other practised the and well worthy of imitation in these times when appointed i ter by to a treaty with the court of spain ill letter which he wrote to the spanish at parts on leaving with him a copy of his commission we find ihe ft declaration as i understand the receiving a from is not at pre rf thought in spain and i am sure the would have nothing hat might in the least a court they so much shall therefore that till circumstances sake it more suitable he fixed his residence at pass a village distant about a the capital a before hi was recognised by french but in the interval all classes of its by the most flattering attentions their veneration for ihe man and for his cause the weight of his nd the skill of his management speedily yielded important the large supplies of every description placed at his disposal b le combined with fortunate events in america his per influence the recognition of the december the treaty of alliance of the ih lt had long been in science with the and it was at this epoch that he appeared on a level in with the temples and besides his high political functions he exercised in those of judge of national and c and says truly of himself that although he had always been man he never went through so much fear in any of his life as he did there during the same ter i minor vexation arising the of military and other were innumerable and arc described in some of the letters produced in his you can have no conception says he in one of hi i am harassed a ii my l are sought out and tn tea me great officers of ranks in all besides tl so ic me from ic noise of every i a j mr to an b ol bi s j with some o t a t o a vm i i chin i i i l e and writing of am put in good humour by a or two of begins hill up m mc luckily i do not often in my lt c dream of these or i should be of what are now my only hours of comfort and the of w td schemes proposed to o great i begin to reject al though possibly of may be worth notice a good brings me a large manuscript containing h scheme of religion commerce laws see which he ha planned in his much know ledge of the world it ib amazing the number of th ii kindly me new plant for t n united states notwithstanding these the of the and the stone the extent of his and the variety and of his he found leisure and spirits to write print with u small set of types which he kept in hia light essays d and serious papers upon and other subjects weariness overtook him at la it however in march when he for aw with certainty tlie speedy of tile great of t ie he from permission to retire from his station that body refused to with his re and it t delightful to of the of character at years of age which prompted tile following concerning the failure of his a the he writes to a ha e done mc the to refuse accepting my resignation and on my con in their service until the peace i must therefore to the business and thank god that health and spirits are of late improved the king of france added to labours by putting liim at the head of a committee appointed to investigate the merits of s animal with which all paris was he his in the detection of tile we refer to the d part of the volume of his correspondence for the of what he in the for peace ih england and the american states it the judgment of in clinging to such a pillar of strength and us in saying that his agency is among the most signal of those many instances of a in favour of the colonies which lo repeat his own remark all who were engaged in the struggle must have observed he t e | 48 |
a treaty of and commerce with and another with l b l length in his was accepted at home and mr appointed to succeed him we repeat with exultation what tliis gentleman has written tliat there a to him more and veneration attached to the character of dr in to that of any other person in same country foreigner or bust ru ke ik l it oo o a vent ot the w im rot bs of the on his return to his native he did not though on the ve of four abandon the public service he y as president of the state of and con the of state in the which framed oi present constitution he faithfully attended as he says himself ti business of the four months and gave his sanction to its work his speech at the of its was adapted to produce tliat in t of the which he deemed of the hi i in some of on the of the which his grand son has in we ages though there is a dread of giving much power to our i think we arc more in dan from the obedience in the g have been ing against an old are most liable to excess in the rulers our present danger seems to be defect of fl in the there is hope however from the ht state of this age and country we may guard that evil as well m the rest he retired wholly from life in thou n t from the race of benevolence he himself in lor the improvement of public the of slave e and wrote much in of their objects for the la j twelve months of hi life he was almost entirely confined d j by an disease but his activity and strength of mind suffered no decline he died at the age of content in all respects with his existence a rare felicity an i a cheering spectacle real opinions of concerning truth of involved in doubt but whatever may have been his on this head it is certain that he all or ing and cherished with deep devotion um of tl ii his creed so far is emphatically n his letter to dr which has been published in our newspapers he had h firm conviction of a providence and did constant homage to the agency which he ascribed to it as well in the affairs of individuals as in the fate of na i tions one of the most remarkable of the papers contained in thin volume is the speech which he pronounced in support of hi motion prayers in the it is a most as it was no doubt a most sincere testimony of the obedience his vigorous and experienced understanding to a lesson of which the strongest motives to habitual has traced an of his religious notions and in of his life and as many of our readers may be with respect to whatever he has left on the subject we wiu gi tt in his own i bad educated as a though of the of that such as ar ist a to tn ie i c o l i rs and i early m v m la v i m ufe and of sunday being my day i i r was i i vi r fur ol he made the world mid governed it by hit jn ei the acceptable to doing good to thai our arc that all will be and our virtue te either here or ii the of ever religion aud being to be in all the wc had in our country respected all with degrees of m i found them or mixed other articles which any tendency ti inspire or confirm to and make to another this respect to all with an opinion that the wi ni had good me o avoid all might to the good opinion another hi hate of and as our province in and new of worship were wanted mm by n my for whatever bo tbe was never refused though seldom attended public worship had still an of its propriety and of its utility when rightly conducted and paid my annual for the support of the ui iy minister or meeting we had in ue used to visit me as a friend and me to attend his and i was now and then l on tu do so once fur five sunday hid lie been in my opinion a preacher perhaps might have continued not with stand the had for the sunday s in my v of study but his were arguments or of the peculiar doctrines ol our and were all tu me very dry and since not a single moral was or their aim seeming lu bo rather tu us good at length he look i ui his text thai verse of the ih to the j i art b or q it f there be virtue t r an cm the e thing and i in a on such a text we could not mist of ut he confined tu five points only as by tbe vii keeping the sabbath day in reading tbe holy attending duly the public worship of the a paying a due respect tu god s ministers these be all d but as they were not the kind of good things that i expected text i of ever meeting with them from any other waa disgusted and attended pi no more i had some years composed a little or form of prayer fur my own private use in entitled f and i returned to the use of this and went no to the public my conduct might be but i leave it further to excuse it ray present purpose being to relate facts mid to make apologies for them the old age of | 48 |
frank un had nothing in it artificial or his ts now exalted ax above any other of the sea e for it ranks the first on the the of the one of history will this tliat wherever he ap the i of chant the the and of good in even walk of rallied to him an to chief hu will that hit ruling the lot of was in no one has lived so many of the moat celebrated s of orders a close parallel so justly be em u l in the of fame he is not b uie side of or daniel or or or or la to say nothing more of the station which he holds in to illustrious group that of the in his character and writing with s fore lu we could almost credit the of perfect u the between him and w leave this topic a well as those of his literary merits of hi particular claims to the gratitude of america for the which will be afforded by the third volume of his art li t ie transaction e american iu f cat society vol of the new quoted p on by of th academy at pa er cannot be well explained without a reference to al illustrations whidi do not accord the plan of this work an account of made at he hy f p these were made to determine the of bet measures of iron brass preparatory to an official survey t i t of the united in which mr was employed the of this the general mean of the for each degree of fi proved to he iron o oo s brass i o o j the for degree of iron ana brass is iron for according to and according to mr english or an toward an and of the of the language by p bu bone fail his to lu from the in which it ts here to l e a new subject body knows how difficult it is to the of a foreign language this is owing difference in e ua tj fu w of the society i o the the t ha t no powers to ck s french l o a in car nor al ct represent the bound of the a in ai however simple these sounds may appear to the inhabitants oi so no idea be conveyed by through the eye of the to u of the i and low dutch the tt and oi the and french the t of the the of the poles the i of the h th ol the ih c etc indeed it by mere written signs to convey to the mental ear sounds which the natural car has never heard hence no universal can convey adequate notions of the varieties of sounds existing in human language like an be made by an accurate analysis of known sounds and by according to respective and thus might be exhibited the elements of a new science which the of this would call the of in this respect the sounds of a language seem to be of a more character than the written language is so tliat in none of the common european languages does it correspond with the which it seems meant to still no good effect is likely to rum the perpetual attempts at by way of improving the ol words so aa to more to the bounds to them for probably no two would agree in these alterations and with the mass of readers would only tend to throw the whole written language into utter confusion even if the could be forced upon the by a sufficient sanction which is not to be the case when once a sound is associated with a word that word becomes a sign of ihe sound equally with any other word thus the sound we to tongue may as well be to or any other of letters the is not natural but once therefore the is by common consent the purpose as it seems to us is answered whether one two three or any other number of letters be employed to the sound of letters seem to more to the sounds to the separate letters of which the word is the association of the sound with the written character being once made the main practical purpose of language is answered mr is of opinion with good reason as wc die standard of pro in any not exist in the of die nation but in language of where every sound w b of c s w vi l mr t l c w e m rs not ii tl of the l e distinctly uttered and where no arc in or in every who has beer particularly must be of the great to be of attending sermons and the of the theatre for alone can accurate be heard or u popular of and the common of in arc really of no authority they are the of men whose literary and literary ae were not of the class to to be as of in the cases they have presumed to determine is well known to every englishman ant witli li world in that nation from five and twenty lo five and thirty ago for the purpose of something like an attempt to the sounds of tne language mr has written this c ay in which has endeavoured to and li by the car only all the various sounds enter into the com of the english language to between those which habit or have t us as similar different in fact and to join to those which have been considered as different from mere in or duration of in so doing he has not been able to more than pure sounds of which are | 48 |
or or and for tile purpose of preventing mistakes owing to prior he gives new and arbitrary names to each sound and each of them by words wherein tliey enter but aa wc have not space to afford lor a more ample analysis of this ing we must content our by ii to the attentive perusal of the reader on the re i of in tht rev h vegetables are divided into wood fruit leaves flower and of wc doubt without den ing the existence notwithstanding the at the present paper is devoted to le remains thai discover no of to existing vegetables the wi subject is exceedingly curious and the present paper is a very though brief collection of the facts ed the vegetable impressions of which it treat w have no doubt but the vegetables or the coal consisted originally in the transition range of the earlier and smaller vegetables that were meant to be by destruction and into vegetable mould and as proceed from the coal through the coal formation to tlie wood or coal the au and of the wc find traces of larger and e in vegetation w half tile facts and tv w aw vi iv e i of the mr it u da are with remains described account of a large tf with a plate the of t ni the part waa t inches the f was feet inch and a the pounds but when filled with blood probably much more the woman was a ne ro about of age in the of thomas esq of at the had years firing the woman was placed on her face for s previous to the and the held up so as to empty us much as the vessel of the blood which them in their di et state lu appear lime greatly to the i his seems the hitherto known to have been successfully and the operation does much credit to ur the an account of an improvement made in the of mr de m d professor of at dr de wiu induced to adopt the present improvement on lie s from the difficulty of the british accurately made in this it is an ingenious and useful but be described here for want of reference to the plate ttie same occurs with respect to the paper which also deserves credit for the of the contrivance proposed in it vi description of an improved for steam engines without packing by pet a esq oh in the history of the introduction of with the into great britain in s and in s e notice has been taken of i te share air had in improvement his name is not mentioned by ur henry or dr it now appears m his paper that the of with that at the works of baker co was and still is in england utterly unknown although from the present description of it the in and the great superiority of the process ere ed can be doubted e recollect that many years the was made for small experiments by m in the method here described by mr but the original invention and the application of it in a large way is certainly due exclusively to this gentleman and to mr for it is not true as dr tliat mr or any of his family ever v tv c t m n wi we the process here l vi e i iu tm the american m of tire furnace that can be made by one or two people to r in an hour it will probably induce who arc interested in the theory or the of to paper with the which proposed to deserve we recollect a of thin from the pen of mr inserted by in hit of s domestic i ie r i by a plate in volume the process of by on the liquor mentioned in the latter pan of per is described also by or in the article the to the an which is in many respects and practical error a aim to the it is of ch land by an artificial horizon ton the object of this ingenious contrivance is explained in the i of the paper since the discovery of reflecting i been to extend limits of its capacity iu this specially necessary in taking on by om of an or reflecting in case the measured is from of il but a that out by the index on the will not an of more than a not one more ra beyond this limits of the has if been extended il is obvious no instrument of this hind can by measure an ol so m then the i ray and r y must and both pan the eye of is evidently when i attitude the of the observer will almost the ray in its passage to the the field of view from the of the index then become too much contracted afford an easy no improvement therefore in the of this can ever be expected answer tbe of all by means of common artificial but with the aid i the following very simple this will he answered oven by the common the whole apparatus be used with the reflecting of three parts an or with i a a inclined plane t ie si of this apparatus well as the manner of ing them well known and therefore need not hero be the w late to enable the to it f i fu american and u e ef a very instrument for up sun ami for many j this also is n useful contrivance by the author of the former t ut the i of this review will not allow lu to copy the description observations made at an early period on the climate of ii the river collected from the of | 48 |
the by i of the church at philadelphia there ta little in this account worthy of notice as materially from facts of the same kind now commonly observed except perhaps the of governor and engineer in be n in er and ended in january continuing but or at the most weeks this i a curious fact if it can be relied on but modem experience renders it somewhat concerning the mean of the earth by robert the g of the earth approaches to of an of the lo e in the of lo when this is use of in g be much more and when we consider the simply us a sphere in certain where extreme is necessary the be into account but in general the will still be retained ai sufficiently accurate lor most of great simplicity in and calculation in if we h sphere instead of the with which the figure of the earth very nearly we arc by no means at liberty to the of the without we must select a sphere agreeing with the in as many important circumstances aa possible the deserve particular i the sphere should be equal in magnitude to the ii the should be o that iii the surface of the sphere should be equal to the of the iv the length of of a great circle the should be a mean of all the degrees of great on the surface of the v the of the should i c a mean of all the of the v tlie gravity on the surface of the sphere should be ei to the mean i on the of the when the very little from a a in the so that wc may neglect as the powers of the above ihe ire are led to a remarkable coincidence for all ate fulfilled by and ihe same sphere the of this is the object of ihe blowing calculations form the body of the ex vi o ev i be understood from the if in the following i a t of the american ll c of ill from of degrees of by it which i and in tht round to be s fi t of d a r in and the length of a degree of a great circle j y miles very an on the common ship pump by robert pattern this improvement is described in opening of the notwithstanding numerous i in prove from lime been iii of fit i after common mill ri in general use now to t ie i of the b attempt an in by of a very i that may be readily applied at any time when and wliich a very considerable proportion of manual labour ally employed will be saved the following is a description with iu and i let b of white pine or any other suitable wood on cork be made very nearly to at exactly to at tha the pump above the ii through n hole is to be bored of the the pump rod and then i to be split or cut tlie ax or centre of the hole lit place round the pump rod and let it be into the of the pump above the and there secured hy a or bolt driven through the just above the so sa to it from being hy the i of the water acting a t it tl part of the pump that works in the may be made as round ail as possible in lo prevent and the passage of ter through the hole with the view the hole may be packed with and a oil or placed over the it will be to hate the in as on i pump a and thus the hole through will be the affected by the motion of ro t iv round the of the pump let there be fastened ne end pretty wide open c of leather or painted canvas the other end over or the side of the vessel and hanging down l water the pump with may bo considered a j having the shorter leg and the longer leg inside ll and the height to which the will in have to be by the action of will be no n than the height of the water in the hold and tliat outside of the thus more than ha usual l of ion en th m of the bone which ot finally form the by ir m of the society and j of in the of tliis by the u e of so much m v ii v a ft w vi iv i the american and professional to be here especially as it the illustration die plate the opinion of the author in the following upon comparing these perfect and bones of the subject about two years of a c with os of a who wax more in it appears tint the k tides of the i applied to it are so ed in the progress of life that simply constitute the between the tliat the external side of the is he front the basis of the only remain the of m if this be really the case the origin of the is very intelligible an found in the called the big to the l if c u a d it seems not determined to what animal the first of e belonged it is compared in this with the or and with the round but does not appear to be the same witli either the second dr seems to belonged to the tribe the comparison is illustrated by plates an account of a case disease in one of the at real n the performed the motions of in the way by c m d upon it appeared tliat the of the which without motion filled with the volume of the on that side was greatly diminished and the structure | 48 |
of the organ entirely done away a description of several species of fishes of north america their varieties c a le this paper describes the and the of the order d by the and the of the order by free and another of the same order and named as tlie ten im le is known as the and friend who in his voyage to and the sea of a ed ay i r f te j i with i t to a i in circular arc by jt f ih oh i c tie in a lo or h m is a sm tbe third of the american cat dr in letter to your it uie w id bv m v ci w main lo o c t a m f t ie tbat lie had a very nt for the times of of a i in giving of a circle u it depended on another respecting the of the of the to a the first of has been communicated to the public but the is announced by i r in d of which the i the index of the tower and the some by unity and in ti bj the square of the be the but one the product will be gi power law however wai inferred merely ft m a and dr his paper by a d of il ah this subject not been resumed in any of tl volumes of the i have the following in would not be uninteresting to you the above account of the design of the paper by tlie i i of it will sufficiently explain his the calculations employed in law the consult in the volume here a of american of th say paper an elaborate and seemingly a very j of m r wc are i i very glad to sec this from the pen of one of the best our country e and q ar o n t f a a t nay o a for i and t will re j no manual labour bring a su i ro at h s i description apparatus for the in of a long made of pretty stiff leather passing through stem vessel the inner end furnished with a copper and having opening is to be under the c of the wa in the hold and the outer end to fall into the water of the t s this end of the i to a of copper a length with three or more large through its near the and to be closed at the by a lid projecting a small distance of the this is to be introduced the lid being removed for th purpose h lo a broad bell metal or copper from which project three or e opening the which must be made to und with ii little as round the copper covering it the lid being replaced will prevent the from slipping round the and behind the projecting arc to ba three or more copper of a wind j surface w i fixed v i of the american i i this will two lit by ua it i hen the vessel is in prevent the much below the of the water and it will the tendency which the of the turned by tlie or the striking against the water wilt have to the that part of the which in contact with of the maybe made of a copper by which it may be fastened to the and be prevented from being dragged out or round by the of water into the upper bend of part of the may be inserted a small copper through by of a bom may be filled water or the air which may there suffered to escape and may then be stopped with a cork or the being ly filled with water and the under way the action of the w attached to he will in ordinary produce so great a in outer of the as to overcome the of the water and produce a t from the water in the bold oo the principles mentioned in the paper so long as it covers the inner extremity of the if the of the vessel should or become too slow to produce the exhaustion of tbe water from the bold then the at the extremity of tbe will be shut and tbe remain full till a favourable change of shall renew the operation there is no doubt that the above is susceptible of various and which will readily occur to the practical a pump is not a new idea remember to have seen one in buck county above fifty years constructed by joseph tbe of our by which water was raise d from a pretty for tbe of the motion pump by a simple wind mill ttie above contrivance seems to o many that wc have thought it expedient to present it to our read entire and from h annual to h the of the with the j i c communicated h f han n this valuable set of tables it appears that of s suicide we suspect many of the diseases were which are under a list of the volume which is very to the society from which it c i ill if america ot r ta financial moral and aad of the american people by john la new york his work of its bulk and title comes before i with the author to ha t it ci t in which in the period pr by the roman poet and he us that he pr ordinary for the he is a prophet for he in bis preface that he foretold the of napoleon in a work eight ago a which however be with many other here and elsewhere that we should think it a | 48 |
matter of boast he also to be im j partial and entirely with of the great political which divide thin why he should think it thus early to make this profession it is difficult to conceive unless as is really the case there were in the work indications in the contrary to create doubts which we apprehend his own testimony will scarcely of a writer who has m and withal so ai thus much of himself it may be our while to say a in order that the reader may be made thoroughly ed with the singularly combination of ted in our author fur writing an impartial work on the religion morals literature and manners of the american people we any intention to indulge in any per but without this key to the work it would be quite impossible for the reader to conceive how a person writing about the united states could fancy himself impartial mr is an englishman by birth education bred if we arc informed at the of ox j ford a place singularly distinguished for its learning hu carry a da meet o few who say away some eight years ago when he took up the business of he all his wisdom and inspired ii the service of his then lord of england in a book to he in his present work when it is by no mean necessary in that book he with most horrible against the french and indeed all those de and that dared to england wan net the only le champion of religion and human rights in sphere that he has not even yet any of amusing doctrines or lost any of the feelings he then cherished ao with to w i it to fork which he o ii ii y to a tv been pi ha h i at wc in i rum his occasion when making any a unjust or lo of a our i and most from his announcing himself a t a nt law wc arc not going to fault with him fur at thinking this worthy of his nor will wc allow ourselves to smile even in secret at his book to a learned and a governor of in he the of the law the author is can he help it a special attorney and it is good to have friends at court wc have fell it our duty o thus much of a writer who in the course of his work while to call this our country and to speak of it in the spirit a citizen of uie united states has managed most as he thinks to most of the principal of countrymen and to do us more injury than all his under the assumed guise of our fellow en we deemed it necessary him in his real character as an englishman all the vulgar prejudices of his most countrymen lest of his readers in this should really suspect him of and shall now proceed o notice the mighty mass he has offered to our consideration first its as a work pretending to give new information as to the of the magnitude of the interests moral and involved in the development of the energies of tliis great country though in some foreseen is in general but imperfectly understood the more enlightened part of mankind indeed begin o look to some period when the wisdom of our institutions and die happy influence of our example may o distressed nations the evidence of successful experience and press the weight of conviction by their own irresistible he true causes of our prosperity their comparative operation at different periods of our history as or by events and the reasonable prospects of the future from the certain experience of the put have not as yet met with that faithful and sagacious which their striking importance demands in europe son of as to the future glories of tliis rising republic a republic tliat in time to whatever of reality has reached us in annals of greece and because her will be more bt il to mankind has of late itself in the eagerness with which all tliat relates to the united states is and received a more particular ex and of the results bowing from public measures and from the of individual and industry to the physical circumstances of situation would wc think afford to instruction and to nations a on their truest interests this great political lesson is but i v e s arc mostly ot o f i w a t i i i resources of the united states of america ram works long ago to public no official no new facts r conclusion are to we had looked for information on by a constant of features but no such thing the author had no new discovery in political economy to and h has given us no new facts to sustain or liis thai he should content himself with giving to the public what the public long before possessed we cannot help thinking a piece of most generosity as well as a sacrifice of time and expense should wonders not ceased and come to a second edition we must insist in behalf of the literary community that it be the speculations upon england the view of society literature and manners in country his anecdotes and small talk his politics and his against the french and the served as physician did the his patient had prepared such elaborate solicitude of mr witli a other books familiar to every reader in the states contain the real information of the work l us and it is to pay for tlie repetition of a twice told the reader will look in vain in this work for what he expected in a book of five hundred pages under an ing title aware of the talents of mr we | 48 |
bad allowed ourselves to for accurate details of the amount of at the several ports the value of and the different articles to the latest period which would have a x to mr fl tables and furnished some light to enable us to of effect universal peace on our trade we looked for the amount of collected at the different custom houses their origin the number of persons engaged in pursuits the the in our public vessels to the returns in the navy department the of our ship of war their stations with the number now building the yards of cannon of the amount of tlie military force iti detail with its general distribution and the number of our for every which a book of the size and title of the work l we had a right to expect but grievous was the disappoint of our and g ic should the author a si for hit he may urge perhaps in his defence that such information not accessible to a person who not choose to go to the st ai o j government for it a piece of hardly to be j from a writer who seriously in his present work it impossible that there ever can be n wise and ci of the american while the u w of ah n l the he s t of the united of particularly in the proper place ah wc will lay at on subject is that if mr did not or did not choose to take the trouble to gain the which alone can justify the of an expensive work he ought in justice to himself and his renders to spared our the additional of such a weight of stale lumber as he ha i piled upon her after these general observations i with due labour and pains to the of and the advantages of our situation are such that the most superficial observer who casts a look at safely indulge the moat sanguine that the highest rank among and commercial nations is our placed between two and with one of our future borders on the to india and china than any european nation we seem destined to ever other in the race of enterprise and prosperity the genius of t ie le for itself in on the most distant and perilous c perfection of their combined wit the skill with which they are and the deadly with which they are fought i he amount too of agricultural wealth at all times increasing has no bounds as in and the decided tendency of the population to westward in search of new lands promises at no distant period to realize die wish of a free communication with the pacific the hunter is on the ts at his and the new purchases as he and permanent dominion over a region without boundary and without limits with these in the nation with the evidence of such inherent in a people endowed with uncommon penetration and intelligence universally k in and useful brave but humane possessing a thorough knowledge of the invaluable blessings they nursed in the lap of and jealous of in the pursuits of peace as well as judicious to plan what they with vigour and witli all these and of a people in such circumstances must and will all an of magnitude but after all the main cause lo which we are to look lor the present and future of the united states is to be in t c nature of government which the best principles favourable to human all those favourable to aristocracy guards against the of power and at tlie same time the extravagance of popular feeling in such a way as lo prevent its from the constitution in this view it seem to all prudence prepared in wisdom fortified by experience vi practice and as might be expected u v v t is a v a q t m ax w i t of the america i being in its each and all the free of the l of their l im ui thi produce of their iu distinctions but us spring from a of virtue and talent protecting the meanest citizen in the exercise of his religious and the moral effects of this devotion to a system of go nt appealing forcibly to the of men in all countries and its citizens so peculiarly to to in the of all have been too generally as forming a most important item in the resources of the l states of america i hey seem not to have entered into the com of mr and have therefore been induced merely to hint at them as forming in our opinion a moat of any work pretending to develop the sources of our present and pro the causes of our future grandeur and the means of permanent safety it h u at the fact of to desertion exhibited by l a and sailors whenever they touch the soil of our country m l see at once the moral of the opinion among h poor and classes of every where the name of america has ever been hi ard that this is the home of the poor man an l the refuge of the oppressed having i d out the general of work w now proceed to give the titles of each chapter in making such as occurred to us in the course of a examination it is but fair however to here fa ire before omitted that mr di any intention of giving us n view of the vm states his object he says is merely to give a of the physical and character capacity and r of the united states with an entire nation to clear of all undue for or sl of the great | 48 |
political ie which divide and govern thin ing republic done the author this justice we will the liberty of observing it appears a little singular that such his intention merely he has proper to swell his work inn five hundred pages for such is the size of this brief outline bj in with it an hundred pages of copied literally from mr and others we will make free to oak ua further why he gave hia t the high title of of the united of america or a view of the financial c capacity of the american people we are at u low simple ns we are to conceive how a work deserving such a tide page could be than a work since tables could alone date to enable the author to arrive at t the remarks consist of honest t place t ab wi j t ix and tt i i v i rare as chain broad of i vice and ud many others cat in it we find u of information familiar to every on we presume who is expected to read ih work we that this is destined to become exceedingly powerful that it for internal and that besides thi atlantic i the new empire in the west has two thousand miles of lake one miles of and one hundred thousand of internal ship and boat n and that the whole country is one continued of rivers communicating with each other the information without a ad and delivered almost in words of mr brown in his preface to the western indeed and in honest truth our seems to have waited and patiently during the eight years employed in book to catch thing that appeared in which could be useful to his purpose and to have it his service just as he found it without giving himself the trouble of the or deserving our forgiveness by adding of his own there is certainly no in gaining knowledge in this way but we sec no particular reason why a writer should proper to publish a book of live hundred pages without adding to the f f public information or public the works from which he has it would be polite to say borrowed his information arc within the reach of all and we are just as likely to be as of the l l having thus given us a specimen of style exceedingly unfortunate when we arc aware that he is about to act the part of critic in the course of his work and a of his information not less unlucky our author proceeds to attribute the of correct abroad concerning the united states which he pi to supply to the of travellers a sentiment in which all must and all have of late of course we arc not indebted to mr b for any new this head but content with this honest he couples it immediately with its contrast by asserting that the descriptions of the advantages wc possess by persons in their at home and sometimes from the recent men who ha c been at the bar of in their own as ami and who exchanged the well gallows for exile these and these alone it seems are writers who have praised this country as the seat of superior purity and universal c will here take leave to retort the charge of full upon mr iu thus stating what has in fact we demand of him to name what writer under ny of these circumstances is known to the p iu e u of a book of in this country vi n i off y fact in support of i i of the united j lis it li a thus to be cast on tut fortunate men whom a great of his fellow subjects and a still majority of his fellow know to have of a b stem of oppression if he not do this wc shall without hesitation place this tion to the earnest desire every where employed under of casting a upon principles cherished by our people and upon the per c themselves by thus thai the writers who have most ly of them were and justice who praised our country only to be on such however i the great of this a regular of contrast between known and ol truths generally made the of and absurd assumed facts of which we have no proof he very seldom we have reasons right but from wrong premises and hardly ever arrives at a just conclusion except through the medium of a of reasoning t of the on which it i founded e wiu instance a case in which will explain what we mean it occurs in the fifth chapter t treating of the laws of the united states the author says a crime in one state is not in another un der such he the only chance of the lies in a provision of the constitution which declares that a n charged in any state with or other crime who flies from justice and is found in state shall on demand of the authority from whence he fled be delivered up to be removed to the state having of the crime now this is one of those facts known to all it is noticed by m as a great defect in our system and if we not he instances the very ca e by our author us a proof of the ill consequences of this in our laws from tile fact however mr as usual draws that have in no resulted from it and in imitation of m a case having no application whatever to the subject that of gen who was killed in a in the state of new by mr an and of new york the same of the constitution alluded to which the state to surrender a criminal also tliat | 48 |
u am of freedom w v s te if the united of america m of the british aa u now we shall find that or proposed hy him for benefit of hi of the united is calculated to our to c o cr to thai of great britain in proof of wc will quote the following pas n as amply sufficient for our present a of in the order in which occur the of europe be sure wore and for while the force and of france with rigid restored all ber slate to their condition of and such as whole of in before commerce and had poured in their streams of and freedom but britain who was enabled by power of government and by the characteristic energy of her people to ride out in safety and triumph storm and tempest which scattered the of tlie other european over all the ocean of ruin has uniformly iu strength of her and in the liberty and refinement of people in proportion as and public has been all her the requisite the essential of all good government full of liberty and private property which may be at the anchor of society is provided for ill a most eminent degree by all the american both state aod but not one of all gives a scope and of to its ner for the of uie national mind on a scale of urge and liberal information whence consequently every individual in united states is called upon to provide to utmost of bis ability in his own vigilance over the best interests of ion and for the deficient power and energy of the iu most other countries the is all the people nothing whence they exhibit spectacle of capricious on the one hand and the suffering of oppression and ignorance on the other whereas in tbe united it is nearly the reverse the are all and tbe which is the of liberty and im e obligations of duty on free citizen to watch over the welfare of tbe the most permanent and of wliich welfare are tbe strict preservation and general of pure religion and morals all the orders of tbe community our will not allow ua to particularly the contents of every chapter of this work and we will conclude our notice of chapter first by merely stating that it information whatever concerning and that it is deficient in thing except of old arguments originally urged l v the of during the which preceded and followed the of the it with a reference to works known for necessary information and to one not well known to j the of the british empire m a at being referred for ti ce ii wi states of america states to a work of great did wc know that it w is written by our author himself ami that p no other person in the united states would have the trouble to remind the reader of its existence chapter the second treats of the commerce of the united slate h which subject is by the of a few of mr pit kin s tables l y a reference to that gentleman s work for and with the following on his native no lo subject of which be was treating so immense is her capital so excellent her so of her so and her that n trade i improving more particularly the tlie l in the prosperous her did n ao of h r home and trade far the gradual and amount of the alike in he he ami the of die world for the hundred years see be r of the british empire iv and pi it appears necessary for england now to make some to her exhausted strength and to relieve her ni pre sure has indeed daring the lapse of five and years d with a daring and a steady hand the resources of ty empire against the common enemy of the human race with tlie of genius she has aided weak and restrained the s of the strong she has the of europe in their patriotic o feet the foreign of an foe she hat caused star of o fade into a dim put together the fragments of europe and given again to that fair the world the of religion the light of morals and he of social order recent glories have led tier to a painful forth she is doomed to the proud but necessity of being r or nothing the moment ihe moment she her lofty head tlie of any other hat she is dashed from off her wide ambitious base and like never to rise again in late protracted conflict her frame has been shattered her arc her her her commerce is diminished h population and if she hopes to sustain that high e which her achievements have reached in he times of f of william and of her which ban rendered her the of the of civil r l k out liberty and the angel of man she t hasten to j tlie spanish american and unite the waters of the h and unless some measures be adopted bv britain l and relieve her and a much greater proportion than yet left her native will find way hither to tlie number of our american chapter the third ok ti of the un s a if c ui y of the united states of of the stale of nothing i is in the tht in spirit of a faithful subject of his the americans not to be in to encourage being the which those bands of and and that continually put to ind the ts of her by these we our author means those unfortunate people who would not quietly with a due to the decorum becoming majesty s i subjects it as with a | 48 |
re to of the empire bv mr ut reminds us of d die who never met body without thrusting in their faces a play bill for his benefit chapter the fourth treats of the of the united states and opens in the true spirit of a loyal by a due weight of internal among purposes for furnishing an ample fund for long tried and faithful public services is to say to support a long list of c england he then proceeds to state that mr has now a noble of being in fact president of the united states by wise and ei a of in the midst of a reverie on this delightful our author is suddenly awakened to a sense of extreme at ending that mr has lost chance ot becoming in fact president of the united states by having actually in message of december to the e of all internal taxes he then his eyes and wisely in the true spirit of a tax ridden englishman there is indeed an awful tendency in all parties of the american people to what by a is called economy his great the subject of is thai u resource of the stale are drawn from on are necessarily at times when t ie state has most need of ample it is necessary that the system of internal should be kept up when it is not af in order that il may ai hand it is this wc know is the english doctrine and the english but we must be lo ol v that the people of the united are not exactly the kind of people to become accustomed lo and that the best way of them to taxes is only to when they are absolutely required and re them promptly when ihey have ceased to be so it is this which best them to und it is by the they feel that they will be bv their i lives the of the slate will which will at ail times them into an s ul know tu ik n v w vol xi m i i of referred to tht of with ni much c if i w i not to li ti r l for pr of of ih i c ui of an inexorable i of internal the it is kept up by this system and from mr thinking of v d by ca tou men the he if they perish at all will perish under ol her in truth wc are to i ml rt y an of and k he r pretended of an i iii n w t mr would to his own when the of interfering our govern men t and we now him k any future attempt to play the citizen and our re ui in applying the and n i to our ik let if she will an army to down the beating of oppressed struggling for freedom and for i t her if she will we do nut her tt kept to show what we are to avoid let her hold an at the disposal of her sovereign in a time of profound ut to keep down throb of freedom in it is a pan of the of the holy league to w ing spirit of to which now per i lu r it in die of a i who is thus ed to employ the wealth of the people in their j lull i without aside to combat the doctrine or mr of the necessity of permanent to a of public wc will content ourselves with tlie credit of the united at present un foundation far more secure and than that i european r a conclusion that forces itself upon the m an attentive comparison review of our i chapter with the ix ven natural to our author in bis r ol a h but ac i not altogether we should think his of american citizen why i ih not a of i tr to l er spain i own the ii of n of u be take of o i south join the with u i older lo or is ii li to on until is i foil of h ii rd by the of ll e m token m ii i and on tlie ate su wi v w v by a power we v w i v of the of l of the and in ht re to be b i her child is of to bv in ll k century exhibit and n aspect under ti t lie v s i tree and equal b r ttie weight capital pint and en of people would render thai a powerful in i self valuable of own the c of aiid ol tlie witb pacific t might commerce of can and and pour a of wealth over all aa would relieve her the of their ami give to productive an i tbe pi o s made to the in the ami i t by tlie american fur the of then ami the of the atlantic and pacific and which have been to in a preceding chapter on the ce of the united stated art of the secretary for al in the of of and the c t u ti the of i it is more than in the united states to u of an ample e become generally again america will find she ft i large in the the to her and to op the in ol the i the of au r veiy in the ji there arc no of i life in the of the ni already i f at the naval e and commercial influence of while england ti alarmed at the strides the government tu on the nt of k | 48 |
al e to join and looks on holy i d re lo simple to that they fail to route the of every one that n with die forward by which enlarged lu r her and her power the last hundred years both tremble at the ov ol neighbour and ee ui the ul thai tim of their own meanwhile and never whatever be her government will labour lu the and the ul the reign at and will strain every to with russia that she may pro i a ni ut the i united will be upon to take in die will both government and people rang they with all heart and and naval ami rival ai all be d l build up fin h md i m m y ms of the f ui lion will yield in while a mood l iy and he will oat lie down hi bond he whole have been drained from hie wc beg the reader to consider this i wh have been td tn writer the of a to had no wc him it not conviction that h a community of and vi with the people of he united the better he more and to aid the of our wc make i and appeal to the public to fifth chapter treats of the policy bet i united and much t matter for me of which to preceding on tile commencement of thi r in however c original in as much as it he of merely to learn the of l their time the author next proceeds lo treat of and to with tu ir an wh tu the n t c right of the mode of by tr without entering into a of feel in a m repeating thai all lie tions and arc perfectly in with rest of the book to the he ib for making the more of the people for the ni fit of the people s happiness thus rights h their privileges and hit reason for it i p to our system of nt in tl on the of the people he who arc ly im he e in ua to the mate by the and of yet he affects and praises he also i i the custom vo ing by fur general a great of our scarcely any pan of him tn mr thai v by lie open influence of property by which is meant it prevents he rich from and the of the who in all arc more or less liable to be influenced by dance on the wealthy for employment it was to m mc as the it tl system of by was devised and wc arc very mistaken tf what he considers a defect in the system will not held bj lover of freedom a precaution for tl of human when in conclusion he b a the practised by the of one set of another in every k the arc in innumerable aiid th tlie i in h a u i vl i t i i i of the united of of a depends of ue he what no testimony to and cannot be proved by a to any sources of we st c sweeping charges the purity of our demand of mr such proof cannot be questioned under of as a neither he or any other man has a right to throw slain on our country unless he c n of the fact it is not a charge to be in a work to on the mere authority of mr repeating of party newspapers against each other at a time of at public excitement when tlie party often en lo the victor of its ar by that n was fairly it is impossible to notice every thing in this and succeeding chapters of the work which ought to be exposed and treated with well severity but there arc passages it would be iu l to place before the reader among these is the following and of citizen ted speaking of seat of government he that it is im that there can ever be a wise and of the american government while its is at because no practical upon subject of to the well of the community van he obtained there he adds no or merchants reside at wash and neither public or private are to be found there it is scarcely we imagine possible for any writer living but our author to a greater degree of conceit and in the compass in which it is in this brief sentence can an author who has modestly assumed the high of in judgment on the policy laws character resources and literature of the united states to in fact by his sim the claims of our scholars and literary men lo fame or oblivion possibly be ignorant that though the public was burnt by the british during the late war it s been replaced by that of mr had mr the to inquire into this matter before he thus consigned our to perpetual ignorance he would have been informed this was purchased by the that it is one of the valuable to ok man as well a tn the scholar to he found in the united states and that it has been two years at the city of washington and accessible to every member government i same easy and prompt mode of would also have lo state each of hm a small select collection the best books relating lo the peculiar of the department and that id the navy one of the cabinet always been elected from of the an that no men reside at where all mi t i united is with a decree of that we mr l the sin of knowing exactly what m meant he pronounced this | 48 |
sweeping i he of he of ihe l then proceeds gravely to that the real and efficient for the of fixed ni on to free for exercise of virginia to acquire cr over portions of union peril mr in the of hi extensive and not aware the ol the of t st washington he project of almost man whose name it and that it by hit great that he thing was this and ant foreigner in his mantle of mean o hat his great pure and di n d hy such that he a tu l influence the n as in as it is could only proceed the of a m of whatever he ma to el s and heart burning of and by the repetition of charge that long fallen into and are revived to foster the views of it to gratify ihe of some enemy of thi it is in this spirit he writer of the work ua proceed to administer to the sections of lie and to insult them at he same time by a charge of sub to tlie views of the of virginia by some policy it seems virginia to use the words of he m and truly impartial citizen has been to the web her over all the state at in the union so as to secure h ii proper personages to be guided and directed by the li its u in i whence the and a the have long l induced to vote laws with the views of their virginia mr certainly is here again innocent of lie deadly sin knowing exactly the amount of he was saying in this el ill constructed sentence even ht certainly could not bin that by thus boldly charging the people of the united s being into a to virginia policy ik i with an of inferiority in talents and capacity if of virginia have been thus able for years u t to of the other states in leading string it could only be bv of i n in of weaker o m s which i quite independent of site if men must be by any other impulse that of own minds wc confess wc should rather it done in tliis than in any other ma tv wi ii y thing t f l states o t he ol y t u h of the o the of in have not been ji the slate of virginia and eastern states or the state of new originated in conflicting is whole com r unity and they wi re divided not by the or th of or or new york nor by the or thi of mr or any i ther by the free i will of a the people of the l in who c behalf we wi contemptuous indignation this attempt of mr ted to persuade them and the world to the contrary our m are governed hy any of men know own interest and where the interests of a majority point will the policy of die l e directed as in justice it ought in of mr b i a of the to the the slave our author with an op unity of the evils of slavery and slave holding evils as to require oo to od r the force of what has urged by men on the subject and there is not a southern who dock not wish to derive the profits of his estate through any medium that of the system of u regret it and all wish to be rid of the d and the ac h if it van be d n without of t at portion of im iii of which like other pro they inherited from ancestors if mr could have any scheme lor bringing about lo desirable an end by people to themselves of a property which as appears by returns made lo the late secretary in amounted to of x in five and these not including either south or all r if he can how this can be done without letting upon the nation millions beings education or the habit of or of supplying their own want it will then be time enough to bring this subject before his not as a matter of unjust but with a view to some public good this much we that an american citizen with an american if he at all to this worn out topic which has been revived to the of british ambition in the disguise of not have pursued the impartial mode of mr we will to al that he would have care to give his due for having been in to the way for the gradual of slavery he would have freed her from the original sin of its first introduction by showing that it waa the act and thi policy of the british government in defiance of the of the of whose posterity now si th and arc v i so becoming tt v a anti wa jl of l ie united of slave which he u it much more during the on the of the constitution he ou t however to have been careful ho he object of his mo t i admiration the late a in the new york f post a ont of the friends we perceive pronounced the writer of a paper in the the t in of this very dismiss the subject with that solitary of i ill and by their loose ought om to be brought forward to he character of a whole people thai the ir by mr d arc no general for a treatment of we have tlie authority of mr for this candid and ob cr that he puzzled to say whether the of the slaves in virginia is not on the whole as eligible as that the great mass of the people | 48 |
of england u e ti what mr terms england but d hall lake leave to say that the authority of an eye mr is quite aa an thai of mr will venture to say wan never as far b is in this chapter a deal of the modem cant we mean thai piety which iu by and and whose c envy political and s under i garb if the most meek the most mild and the most e cr to mankind mr is one of heroes of tliis new and most church let him be writing on whatever subject he may only set or before him and he begins to his teeth to ch and foam in the true spirit of the new ot the members whereof mild doctrines hy an of nearly thirty lions of for our part we arc sick of ut a sick and with this union between the which teaches u forgiveness and the politics which never why in a book treating of the resources and t f the state does mr interrupt the course his if wc must them the name by di for the purpose of exciting our admiration of england and of france we cannot perceive his any of these which time tlie oft high of the fate of have moment nor the of our author s we conceive the drift of his idle i scheme was of men or v om c w s ui ic wi la in the long u t i ua ma of the united o m of submission to b power without limits the brought to maturity l y long of tyranny put into not produced by h n i was the breaking his and seeking f for his lone suffering l has not to answer for but and those who so persist in to make revolution a and a warning to men from making i for freedom are only displaying th inevitable influence which m over the hu i man in all and countries whatever it was it has away the crimes of the re i ms and as they were by foreign interference and for mon in en severely the blessings of are restored at the point of and and and weapons and we arc convinced no true lover of human freedom will of an l that ended if we may judge by present appearances in the chains of a polite a and splendid nation and in to the enemies of freedom an example with which o frighten the world into a tame ion to m the sixth chapter is an elaborate inquiry into the stale of our fl out into s remarks on the of v both and ms or rather without any on most of the popular writers of tlie united it is to be that when a writer to decide on the merits of literary productions he i expected either to be a man m well known and highly estimated as to give weight to his mere naked or that he will some le i ni at least for his it may to happen otherwise thai his critical judgments will t e treated with de contempt by the and perhaps with something more bv writers who dis lain to be even praised by such a tf is however precisely tlie case with mr we beg pardon citizen john he comes before the public any reputation a writer a critic or any thing else that we have ever heard and in a work which we have we trust already shown will not hia fame in the t to sit in judgment on the literature and the literary men of the l to deal out oblivion or to and to condemn to u who i and who i to the admiration of his men surely it would be presumption in us na unknown that wc are to dispute or to j or to appeal from of so a fur h it from us to attempt any such we admire the modesty of mr too much not to attempt a imitation of a great original indeed we have neither time space nor patience to detect the of our author in his attempts to account for what for what does exists m v his own i suggestions q note at die od nt w vi vol v i ist to united of america the of u literary in country which our arc entirely without on of causes h iu exhibit as a fi n quoting liis words the n few from in mm t a tt as hm to lie of arc in next of re t nod a little injury in less in m and none die r a n and k securely on and by any band or eye we will merely ask mr if he consider the of a taste for c the and romantic as a of our whether in f u l such ta tile taste of all as being founded in the ver those feelings which arc alike common to the in n we conclude this of the hy deny ing in and n our taste is in a degree below that of en i hi of our authors and are here a and we are quite as admirers of scott bell and as the and themselves with these facts in view wc entering j fit id ag the worthy patriotic impartial modest and m citizen until his second edition when probably lie may h think it worth his while to facts in the room of in the popular writers of the d states in before his high he takes occasion to pay a just to washington mr no such testimony long absent from hi i native home to the regrets of lit friends and | 48 |
though he we to say deprived his of the present enjoyment of the fruits of his playful imagination rich vigorous and well moat sagacious and penetrating here was no for mr to give a little importance to his judgment by it to that of the whole people of the united states already given amply in favour of that gentleman wc the aid of mr b on tliis occasion and actually feel somewhat at interference where bis opinion was and where judgment could be of no avail the complaints made by the citizen john concerning the state of education in this country being for most mr i in of of mr ir w mr i ami an at or the work tin hun mr member of ri mr s aa a ti t m o of this i of the united states of america us part a of heretofore made over and over by men of and h r arc entitled to ni le a ut however but little d by f our s additional exactly objections wc will with observing wc arc pretty well convinced that this of j tion out of the of country it the best m ed to it t present situation and that it will r d the of times and seasons without the of ted wc confess we have great faith in the slow and of the of great to each other which if left to their natural operation will take quietly without the aid of noisy zealous or premature re experience the bright fixed star of human intellect al m ways out evils u they te to be balanced by h and in our blessed wliich on the people guides and the of the nation in the present state of our country the system of college education must necessarily be limited as to time and expense because our students are for the most part the sons of men who cannot afford expense in their education a majority of young men educated at our are under the necessity of saving as much time as possible in the studies preparatory to entering on a r which is essential to th complaint of that our young men attend college young leave it too soon and enter upon their professions at loo an age is in fact a natural consequence of tile present of this country it therefore merely itself into this simple question whether in the present or in slate of our country it is not better on the whole tbat education should be widely diffused and somewhat than confined to a few of the and more perfect in its nature we were a little to the pious and citizen some of the evils of our college system to the great number of professors but we have since been informed onr unfortunate critic was lately disappointed in his vehement aspirations toward a certain in new york by the successful of a worthy the sentiment is therefore natural and wc with the disappointed and a in course of his remarks on the subject of learning and learned men in this chapter mr attributes deal of tlie deficiency he of to what he is pleased to tall the restless spirit of of the want of a of in any of our magazines and i he on to add to this the universal vice of the united states a perpetual after novelty the charge which ai his own countrymen that they were t w v w i c ing is here any new is equally at i k i i sm o ami of the of our man will wn into li c its n man a ui taking n io or b i hit a a and money people their i employ merit v views of a average two each i l of whole is i i changed once a year sa ii settled t ie elder stairs of new arc tv into the of un ii the the the and of kinds arc changed or or ing li the or of spirit of into our v or on tht a we will take the to correct the ami of the citizen john by liim that to is nut the vice of hut the of ii natural ht ite of is he result of a i state o population finding its in the widely extended and gradually extending of till great re in other countries men bom rot on the same s k t from to i tion ia occupied avenue n thronged with people a right like a to his peculiar walk and if a cannot find employment ana at home last he thinks of is seeking it elsewhere he knows there is room for him but here the star of hope in every i if am profession is with want of employment if by the of new comers or th natural course of a rapidly increasing there occurs i f in the of the means of comfort and t is a land of promise in the west where men are weight in gold where there is ample room for labour with i and talent to attain its proper elevation most happy of our country is therefore not no fa craving after im nor a of the r of as the citizen is pleased to say to and to change is a re i of that singular of genius that fi ark ss spirit gallant enterprise for which our people are all other finding its appropriate level and sphere of action in new unsettled world the and last chapter treats of the habits manners character of the people of the united and hy tlie reader to the of i british empire f r he why british b in i so | 48 |
d it proceeds to state that large i of men being a body in continual liable to e in aw ins be of gi lo t v i a the of america i i i i i always by hia interests that an bar is two nations s x filling two with other frequent from all which he with m t that it ih more natural for this country to unite with than with france from this which really appears to our limited to have little with our habits manners and character he t to state very candidly that great s of our ite is of origin and not made up originally of and and according to the vulgar but for this from so fowl a charge we thank john he then more to the evils of the slave and with horrible satisfaction the following originally published without reference to time place or in one of mo t contemptible little ever printed in this and to which respectable author ever before resorted for materials to a whole people wc will give it in mr own to how with what triumphant he tliis fable oi horror virginia it on with which lis ate treated and ct in tlie first of rum here i a i of s for some put into all iron c to the br a tree and left to perish hy and the birds of pi to the bars of the cage stood at wide his sooner by t and into his in the mean the c the aiid die upon the quivering flesh of the body hey at own the hi ti of the ancient dominion were gratified by knowing that air was by tlie loaded with the cries and of an man doomed to die by torture wc t ht ag such authority fur a charge as this and wc must tell mr plainly and without that his custom of thus bv a single fact of doubtful authority is in the true spirit of and the moat contemptible of our hy these loose he a and an abused people from him of rank and wilful in behalf of the nation we again challenge him to the proof and he shall prove it or stand in his true character of a secret tlie people under the l of a fellow citizen our open enemies we arc prepared but the of false friends ought shall be carefully guarded against ha ing properly by a and against the whole of the southern states he enters upon the religion a favourite topic with mr bv m w i ft it bim to abuse the french and vo t to t vn j of the state him but content vi s with out some pa i worthy of contempt the following will show t n for ii of the new legitimate system to write cover of religious zeal ii is a l hy good in wet em slate exist built on the of in italy and ihe of ui d hem b it i root out every of so that in of a few wc arc in danger of being witli the and ba and here is another without any other proof than it asserted to justify w serious an it i followed by a terrible attack on poor ix vn d brilliant all fathers or children of da citizen john never of and other were they too the of and france but wc will i further insult the majesty of by exposing the pr and with which writer comes to piety the overwhelming and of the of ii man of in religion unworthy of attention v arc thankful that we are generally quite so in our piety the before us and we hope that it will be long er people of the united states arc religious to become or on the subject of american character he again his real feelings and the real intent of his s arc tlie peculiar c ha r of can and were in more pre in the of washington x secretary of the that the stale h l build their ships of the same rate of em but really greater of more speed and l n thai the dial they victory over an of c or nearly and i cape by sailing any very this was policy m it served to raise naval character of the try to lessen that of england and to put out of use service european compel nations to their i f cr the american model policy is still k in an i our are equal in e bulk guns ax to any hundred gun in the here under the guise of a compliment to american cl ter he sums up and admits in fullest extent all the alleged by his in excuse for their continue on the ocean during the late war we should not can in ll admission did not mr in the garb ui v tr l v u ah a tion of what c m oi c t ol w i j j i i m of the t f e trust ourselves tn speak of conduct as it c nor here rt at the facts which h been repeatedly b d to prove the alleged difference in american and british vessels of similar rate does not exist let hem the in england an they no doubt done and their silence is a full that our our mr so far from equal to any d gun ship in the h arc not larger of i t britain the if any other is required the dead of the h papers on subject of the ii dimensions shall be given by actual comparison if mr thinks proper again to the of his fellow william robert james we have noticed | 48 |
tliis passage more particularly because of its character and it no doubt be as the nt of an american citizen we such but wc not spare room for any farther of the of this chapter nor of those of the conclusion in which the author branches out into european politics on a great s le we now conclude this long article with a few re the rat is that mr appears to or nothing of the present state of this na ing derived b s knowledge books published many of them years ago hi i own individual experience seems confined to the city of new york and the statements of the number of rs and are entirely to our commercial cities the haunts of the poorer of and the of all the beggars of country who arc invited thither by die charitable societies in these things it was duty as an impartial w have distinctly that he was not giving a picture oi tlie general slate and character of the united st he has not done so and the must be h lo the of ignorance or a desire to exhibit an picture of tile misery and of the whole nation by making as usual one solitary instance a for the whole our second remark is that whenever he is going to pay a com lo our national character he to give the honour to f by we are children of englishmen ihe blood of england flows in our veins it c r ur giant wc are another britain one m ould argue from mere naked passage that the citizen began to think wc were quite a creditable of great britain this is by no means his intention he only means to credit his own with all that is in ours our third remark is that the writer a most hostility against those to the united who like but d t cherished io their a t m so of the o l even the lend and broken open the d grave tn gratify his and in di s for p of of il name u identified with and memory can not k injured iy the m r if here his efforts were with the spit radiance which shone more gloom of him in own at t he i that respectful denied him el where here he was estimated by his and his i by tracts here he from that per w drove him an exile his native land which outraged philosophy which on all that is in society and by its approbation itself the of the of human he is gone from this world of t to meet his reward or receive this he has n judged by a higher and purer let his name t in peace we would say more on thi did wc not know that among his many valuable friends or left behind one who still the of his fame capable to his and fellow exile we allude to judge co r our fourth remark is dial throughout the whole c the us the author to be engaged hi a faithful thin country especially designed to correct the impressions of foreign as he it admits from time to time as our what bad been fully when charged against us by writers tile he does all this in the character of a and fellow speaks of c whenever he is about the heart and a on her fame while to employed in her it is fur this have employed wi much time in a work little consequence in this of view and i merit literary production it was from a to our fellow em with to the real character of a i pretending to strike the balance between our and our c and the might possibly result from a belief that the decision m u made d in for li j sad n b t i by s sm h a f in dr i r e valuable of c of with ti by a it tin ik a k united ff america m i an of the states we mr is un that ic was and continues to his native country and that he never speaks or or like a native american for this we do not him hut re do him and that for playing th character of ft en of the united states and calling this our country for the sole purpose of making his to us as as by to give to the of a foreigner and an all the weight derived from the slow of a friend and associate we to him at if he n ill to appear in the character w en to endeavour for his own sake to play it a little naturally and if possible his to al use the of this and all other free our fifth remark is that might if we had chosen to t ike the trouble have quoted more than one passage which conveyed a pretty compliment to the people of the united states in a i fl way but as the method of our is to give i us hi general good word and then prove that we do not deserve i it particular troubling the reader with our for mr s condescension thus for instance after charging u t with national vanity national national extravagance with eating tobacco slaves and other qualities habits and characteristics of greatness he his seventh and la il chapter with gravely and observing the result of all tliis is that the american people n physical intellectual and moral materials of greatness superior r those of any our author is a great dealer id the our sixth and last remark is that mr john who in political theories l it down as a | 48 |
as in the case of the of government alluded to before that political wisdom is altogether dependent on situation applies this to morality religion habits and manners his position is hat new r is distinguished above all the other portions of the in all re and that n gradual is observed in proceeding towards south hie theory is almost as amusing as that of mr as quoted by our author mr a striking between the human character and the productions of the soil between the of the character and the oak j ci and sour of english soil i j mr john who gravely reasons tliat as we from the influence of he most extremity of our there will lie found a corresponding in morals religion mr although he does not say it probably to a to the a v v tv oak naval stores v t v v l xi j of the ous things to the great annoyance and discomfiture of native that is his private we have little doubt e the proofs by him to it altogether insufficient as they appear at present in his book he in support of this system of the of c in the states his notions from mr and other n mr have followed him w t taking the trouble lu u the of manners that have taken place the publication of mr s and in some parts ua faithful had mr taken the trouble to a thing indeed he appears o have thought of he have known that the severity of the laws and have almost altogether put an end to these in the states in virginia fur instance a law has been in force fur years past making it necessary for every candidate for any in the state government to make oath that he has directly or indirectly l een in a this in a where every man lo forward to some kin l of has been found so that since the of this law ther is no of a in between the laws ag are if yet more rigid and sc any civil officer is em to enter a room where me arc at play ind seize all the money found on the cable at to the aiid the state nay professed and notorious are liable im at public and an instance occurred a few years in virginia of a thus publicly of at one of the county courts the consequence of laws has been an almost total of an in the southern atlantic with the exception for some years a number of instances have of in whose to gives of e the it is not from any particular local to the south tha wc have offered these observations but with a view of from because a gallant honourable and patriotic portion of our countrymen object of dislike and the theme of to li and we all ol local distinctions in the united states we know of no lines and limits for piety or and if wc have found in the lists defending any particular section of our it was because this section was particularly assailed and no part of the united states can be the character of the nation we are determined never to by and sec the reputation of any part of this nation on the score of its or its hostility to without exposing the motives and the im impartial we je ta mt ted i we for c v v j w united stale of america sm tor ourselves wc all time glad england but wc do not like lo sec it done at other people s we p ct for her in i ting british wrongs time and arc willing to forget her want of in re them on another wc respect virginia as the elder sister ti glorious race as the birth place of the or of many other great and virtuous and all as the uniform of the true republican doctrines our revolution but ai the same time must beg the written of virginia as well as to be pleased to recollect there are other members of this goodly j and i that their particular ia a matter of no very particular con to any body but themselves perhaps it may be as f to give hint to new which of late has exhibited several s i of awakened consciousness of her prodigious an l consequence in tl c union n lo in this in tut old nick of our tt ni for the a journal to the of mr die britain do aiid tight un hi golden t of of i were i h but in pro be called to to ur to is in s and ab u our a ll ii d in america by a in th world lit it to un of importance to their r in duty he honoured with tliat in a or an of x on our work has r h on uie re ability of mr t tn of lo a pause sod lo the c ki in activity is the in tut i hare done the it honour mr b d of britain bud oo her lo the a that work being the it the form ail a now work lie hat brought it down l the european hail reached nod have of that hu occurred to or the in b was to by the united of the that i likely i sad to the the of in au a an for purpose who hu tbe of and the ut or of and bar arc in more iii than our re have b en to from us but to the v sir b bi i the i tt ff public or private to | 48 |
w power of britain bare all iu s art iv or article of literature and j on the l in its or l a if at from n w u c ti e r all hm ont a l w i r home in water it a it a pr fo or or l i in iu u to in to tha practice in as lu i r the i in u b a t o be from either by iu ill u lo the meat witb it at h own w i ht by li tbe i i il li in ft d mo u th v red mm from s ur of m w ll which hu kept do i food tbe of l in li iu be in ct the u on iu l in pro of fat if time bay b ur dr food m it to impart a firm u of the an america cannot l d in it ii to thai red maybe more c if equal iu on dry food at taking by l al aud by lo a q i but in it it to by cold i for to and then be i it may bo well f h trial to f ma and dr robert in oo o for king d il but la a n d r i d r d ta ba i i to in of a p of al greatly tend to pay to il id r it hard tbe of i all and um i ed found to mi ai e id a an cold bis of nail at bi su at tn e by n of water in pink cold keep any tan t um i fa ck meat both beef or and df m c j in the and of d cured and in a in manner tl l f d into aiid n told at l for ea aod found to k i p for iu th t b and would be found in our navy and is our marine a man don lately r l il at ha years by keeping it in ad dr y met b it has y rt to mould tho of v i of an a tu it a already of al example w rob be b with a ml ht ill run ud in l rob ro i m in like ia dial at of s knew to the a hai b ii upon he london board npon to w bv public but il fi and it a m and refined in its u in d of ihe rf lie mind no can to lie of he had from the of lie tbe probability of t do u is uie o uie play f to op y vn a the in and earth air all am ht and tbe while thai their on li o n fail ti like tbe o er beauty h c to conceal but lend a lo e ao i tha and to tbe ih the pi e the golden tbe hour and tbe i p je in ii i li dark the flow tn ami i in tlie i the tame but d the hour and ah im d the tbe om tbe with an h tliat in the telling made t he hero of our tale it tail a lend a tide and to the of it a i inn more great in virtue and in a granite in the of and more in ttie a de like ruin r of the it be nor with too a a lo tire in one and not far hour to lo your hind a flower ob lit my bat unfit reveal the i now his bit agony of few il and loo the car that manhood and yet to if oh no for you hare ever tlie u of hi forgive bin and if t lo hia to you well va j be ti true toll ha a of v i x c ia l the da d and de u to flower of im are hm d ia ere die the ir ua hope o hi a once in ihe way of be the ti temple and the ant ard oa ihe i r name of ir lord temple that it ma derived t well id if you will ha re tt k my of higher m tu t but of jou will h more i will up ttie for were certainly more ancient than tlie l lo the ta v at one time the of while ho was w before the but the t i nt led with of iu way or bu thai d the admiral much i humour at i to publish the of the f court tl he a lo each member the court to hi i brother to ome and to der it time that he when in order lo the book wai referred lo and ho man that lo order o i of that i number i r ii j na to away in mr name bow many hare yon told not one the reply in all pa n that la captain or trial wi n i in a t aid i your trial b n mu ai public lake no in i i u i great t i ot ci bad i on ihe fertile but the city not lo lo run | 48 |
the encouragement of learning by securing the copies of maps and books to the authors and of such copies the times therein mentioned and also to the act entitled an act to an act entitled an act for the encouragement of by securing the and books to and of such copies during the tunes therein mentioned and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of and historical and other prints clerk by account of the author it was sometime if i recollect ht in the early part of the autumn of that a stranger applied for lodgings at the independent hotel in street of which i am landlord he was a small brisk looking old gentleman dressed in a rusty black coat a pair of olive velvet breeches and a small cocked hat he had a few hairs and behind and his beard seemed to be of some eight and forty hours growth the only piece of finery which he bore about him was a bright pair of square silver shoe and all his baggage was con in a pair of saddle bags which he carried under his arm his whole appearance was something out of the common run and my wife who is a very shrewd body at once set him down for some eminent country as the independent hotel is a very small house i was a little puzzled at first where to put him but my wife who seemed taken with his looks would needs put him in her best a by vi account of ber which is set oflf with the of the whole family done in black by those two great painters and wood and commands a very pleasant view of the new grounds on the collect together with the rear of the poor house and and the full front of the hospital so that it is the room in the whole house during the whole time that he stayed with us we found him a very worthy good sort of an old gentleman though a little queer in his ways he would keep in his room for days together and if any of the children cried or made a noise about his door he would out in a great passion with his hands full of papers and say something about his ideas which made my wife believe sometimes that he was not altogether indeed there was more than one reason to make her think so for his room was always of paper old books laying about at and which he would never let any body touch for he said he had laid them all away in their proper places so that he might know where to them though for that matter he was half his time worrying about the house in search of some book or writing which he had carefully put out of the way i shall never forget what a he once made because my wife cleaned out his room wh n his back was turned and put every thing to rights for he by ic the author tu swore he would never be able to get his papers in order again in a upon this my wife ventured to ask him what he did with so books and papers and he told hat he was seeking for immortality which made her think more than ever that ihe poor old gentleman s head was a little cracked he was a very inquisitive body and when not in his room was continually about town hearing all the news and into every thing that was going on this was particularly the case about election time when he did nothing but bustle about from to attending all ward meetings and committee rooms though i could never find that he took part with either side of the tion on the contrary he would come home and rail at both parties with great wrath and plainly proved one day to the satisfaction of my wife and three old ladies who were drinking tea with her that the two parties were like two each ng at a skirt of the nation and that in the end they would tear the very coat off its back and expose its indeed he was an among the neighbours who would collect around him to hear him talk of an afternoon as he smoked his pipe on the bench before the door and i really believe he would have brought over the whole neighbourhood to his own side of the question if they ever have found oi what it was by account op he was very much given to argue or as he called it about the most trifling matter aud to do him justice i never knew any body that was a match for him except it was a grave looking gentleman who called now and then to see him and often posed him in an argument but this is nothing surprising as i have since found out this stranger is the city and of course must be a man of great learning and i have my doubts if he had not some hand in tiie following history as our had been a long time with us and we had never received any pay my wife began to be somewhat uneasy and curious to find out who and what he was she accordingly made bold to put the question to his friend the who replied in his dry way that he was one of the which she supposed to mean some new party in politics i scorn to push a for his pay so i let day after day pass on without the old gentleman for a but my wife who always takes these matters on herself and is as i said a shrewd kind of a woman at last got out of patience and hinted that she thought it high time some people should have a sight of | 48 |
some people s money to which the old gentleman replied in a mighty manner that she need not make herself uneasy for that he had a treasure there pointing to his saddle bags worth her whole house put together by ix this was the j answer we could ever get firom him and as my by some of those odd ways in which women find out every thing learnt he was of very great being related to the and to the of that name she did not like to treat him is more she even merely by way of making things easy to let him live free if he would teach the children their letters and to try her best and get the neighbours to send their children also but the old gentleman took it in such and seemed so at being taken for a that she never dared speak on the again about two months ago he went out of a morning with a bundle in his and has never been heard of since all kinds of inquiries were made after him but in vain i wrote to his relations at but they sent for answer that he had not been ere since the year before last when he had a great dispute the man about politics and left the place in a and they had neither heard nor seen any thing of him from that time to this i must own i felt very much worried about the poor old gentleman for i thought bad must have happened to him that he be missing so long and never return to pay his bill i therefore advertised him in the newspapers and though by ac court ov my melancholy advertisement was published by several humane jet i have never been able to learn any thing satisfactory about him my fe now said it was high time to take care of ourselves and see if he had left any thing behind in his room that would pay us for his board and lodging we found nothing however but some old books and writings and his saddle bags which being opened in the presence of the contained only a few articles of clothes and a large bundle of blotted paper on looking over this the told us he had no doubt it was the treasure which the old gentleman had spoke about as it proved to be a most excellent and faithful history of new k which he advised us by all means to publish assuring us tiiat it would be so eagerly bought up by a public that he had no doubt it would be enough to pay our ten times over upon this we got a very learned school master who teaches our children to prepare it for the press which he accordingly has done and has moreover added to it a number of valuable notes of his own this therefore is a true statement of my reasons for having this work printed without waiting for the consent of the au or and i here declare that if he ever returns though i much fear some unhappy accident has befallen him i stand ready by the xi to account with him like a and honest man which is all at from the public s humble independent the foregoing account of the author was to the first edition of this work after its publication a letter was received from him bj mr dated at a small dutch village on the banks of the whither he had travelled for the purpose of tain ancient records as was one of those few and happy villages into which newspapers never find their way it is not a matter of surprise that mr should never have seen the numerous that were made concerning him and that he should learn of the publication of his history by mere accident he expressed much concern at its premature appearance as thereby he was prevented from several important and alterations as well as from by many hints which he had collected during his by of along tiie of die sea and bo at and finding that there was no longer any immediate necessity for his return to new york he extended his journey up to the residence of his relations at on his way thither he stopped for some days at for which city he is known to have entertained a great partial ity he found it however considerably altered and was much concerned at ihe and improvements which the were making and the consequent decline of the good old dutch manners indeed he waa ii that these w e making sad in all parts of the state where they had given great trouble and vexation to the regular by die introduction of gates and country houses it is said also that mn shook his head sorrowfully at the gradual decay of the great palace was highly at that the ancient dutch church which stood in the middle of the street had been pulled down since his last visit the fame of mr history having reached even to he received much flattering attention firom its worthy some of whom however pointed out two or three very great errors he had fallen into that of a lump of sugar over tea table which they um had been is by thb author continued for some years past several families moreover were somewhat that their ancestors had not been mentioned in his work and showed great jealousy of their neighbours who had been thus distinguished while the latter it must be confessed themselves vastly thereupon considering these in the light of letters patent of nobility establishing their claims to which in this republican country is a matter of no little solicitude and vain glory it is also said that he enjoyed high favour and countenance from the governor who once asked him to dinner and was seen | 48 |
two or three times to shake hands with him when they met in the street which certainly was going great considering that they differed in politics indeed certain of the governor s confidential friends to whom he could venture to speak his mind freely on such matters have assured us that he private ly entertained a considerable good will for our author nay he even once went so far as to declare and that openly too and at his own table just after dinner that was a very well meaning sort of an old gentleman and no fool from all which many have been led to suppose that had our author been of different politics and written for the newspapers instead of wa ting his talents on histories he might have risen to some post of honour and profit vol i b by xiv of venture to be a public or even a justice in the ten pound court beside the honours and already mentioned he was much by the of particularly by mr john cook who entertained him very at his library and reading room where they used to drink water and talk about the he found mr cook a man after his own heart of great literary and a curious of books at parting the latter in testimony of friendship made him a present of the two oldest works in his collection which were the earliest edition of the and s famous account of the new by the last of which mr in this his second edition having passed some time very agreeably at our author proceeded to where it is but justice to say he was received with open arms and treated with loving kindness he was much looked up to by the family being the first historian of the name and was considered almost as great a man as his cousin the man with whom by the bye he became perfectly reconciled and contracted a strong friendship in spite however of the kindness of his relations and their great attention to his comforts by the xv the old gentleman soon became restless and dis contented his history being published he had no longer any business to occupy his thoughts or any scheme to excite his hopes and this to a busy mind like his was a truly deplorable situation and had he not been a man of morals and regular habits there would have been great danger of his taking to politics or drinking both which vices we daily see men driven to by mere and idleness it is true he sometimes employed himself in preparing a second edition of his history wherein he endeavoured to correct and improve many passages with which he was dissatisfied and to some mistakes that had crept into it for he was anxious that his work should be noted for its which indeed is the very life and soul of history but the glow of composition had departed he had to leave many places untouched which he would fain have altered and even where he did make alterations he seemed always in doubt whether they were for the better or the worse after a residence of sometime at he began to feel a strong desire to return to new york which he ever regarded with the warmest affection not merely because it was his native city but because he really considered it the very best city in the whole world on hi return he by xvi of entered into the full enjoyment of the advantage of a literary reputation he was continually im to write and productions of similar import and although he never with the public papers yet had he the credit of writing innumerable essays and smart things that appeared on all subjects and all sides of the question in all which he was clearly detected by his style he contracted moreover a considerable debt at the post office in consequence of the numerous letters he received from authors and his and he was applied to by every charitable society for yearly which he gave very cheerfully considering these as so many compliments he was once invited to a great dinner and was even twice summoned to attend as a at the court of quarter indeed so renowned did he become that he could no longer about as formerly in all holes and comers of the city according to the bent of his humour unnoticed and but several times when he has been the streets on his usual of observation equipped with his cane and cocked hat the little boys at play have been known to cry there goes at which the old gentleman seemed not a little pleased looking upon these in the light of the praises of posterity by the in a word if we take into consideration all these honours and distinctions tc ther with an passed on him in the port with which we are told the old gentleman was so much overpowered that he was sick for two or three days it must be confessed that few authors have ever lived to receive such illustrious rewards or have so completely enjoyed in advance their own immortality after his return from mr took up his residence at a little rural retreat which the had granted him on the family domain in gratitude for his honourable mention of their it was pleasantly situated on the borders of one of the salt beyond s hook subject indeed to be occasionally and much in the summer time with but otherwise very agreeable producing abundant crops of salt grass and bull rushes here we are sorry to say the good old gentleman fell ill of a fever occasioned by the neighbouring when he found his end approaching he disposed of his worldly affairs leaving the bulk of his fortune to the new york historical society his and s work to | 48 |
the city library and his saddle bags to mr he forgave all his enemies that is to say all who bore any enmity towards him for as to himself b by account c he declared he died in good will with all the world and after several kind messages to his relations at as well as to certain of our most substantial dutch citizens he expired in the arms of his friend the his remains were according to his own request in st mark s churchyard close by the bones of his favourite hero peter and it is that the historical society have it in mind to erect a wooden monument to his memory in the green by to the public to rescue from oblivion memory of for incidents and to render a just tribute of renown to the many great and wonderful actions of our dutch native of the city of new york produces this historical essay like the great father of history whose words i have just quoted i treat of times long past over which the twilight of uncertainty had already thrown its shadows and the night of forgetfulness was about to descend for ever with great solicitude had i long beheld the early history of this venerable and ancient city gradually slipping from our grasp on the lips of narrative old age and day by day dropping into the tomb in a little while thought i and those reverend dutch who as the tottering monuments of good old times will be gathered to their fathers by xx preface their children engrossed by the empty pleasures or insignificant transactions of the present will neglect to treasure up the recollections of the past and posterity will search in vain for of the days of the the origin of our city will be buried in eternal oblivion and even the names and achievements of van william and peter be enveloped in doubt and fiction like those of and of king arthur and of determined therefore to if possible this threatened misfortune i sat myself to work to gather together all the fragments of our infant history which still existed and like my where no written records could be found i have endeavoured to continue the chain of history by well traditions in this undertaking which has been the whole business of a long and solitary life it is incredible the number of learned authors i have consulted and all to but little purpose strange as it may seem though such multitudes of excellent works have been written about this country there are none which any full and satisfactory account of the early history of new york or of its three first dutch i have however gained much valuable and curious mat by preface xxi ter an elaborate manuscript written in exceeding pure and classic low dutch excepting a few errors in which was found in the of the family many legends letters and other documents have i likewise in my among the family and lumber of our respectable dutch citizens and i have gathered a host of well traditions from divers excellent old ladies of my acquaintance who requested that their names might not be mentioned nor must i neglect to acknowledge how greatly i have been assisted by that admirable and institution ihe new york historical society to which i here publicly return my sincere in the conduct of this work i have adopted no individual model but on the contrary have simply contented myself with and the of the most approved ancient like i have maintained the utmost and the to truth throughout my history i have enriched it after the manner of with various characters of ancient drawn at full length and faithfully coloured i have it with profound political speculations like it with the graces of sentiment like and into the whole the dignity the grandeur and magnificence of by preface i am aware that i shall the censure of numerous very learned and judicious critics for indulging too frequently in the bold manner of my favourite and to be candid i have found it impossible always to resist the of those pleasing which like banks and fragrant beset the dusty road of the historian and him to turn aside and refresh himself from his but i trust it will be found that i have always resumed my staff and addressed myself to my we y journey with spirits o that both my readers and myself have been by the indeed though it has been my constant wish and uniform endeavour to rival himself in observing the requisite unity of history yet the loose and manner in which many of the facts recorded have come to hand rendered such an attempt extremely difficult this difficulty was likewise increased by one of the grand objects contemplated in my work which was to trace the rise of sundry customs and institutions in this best of cities and to compare them when in the of infancy with what they are in the present old age of knowledge and improvement but the chief merit on which i value myself and found my hopes for future regard is that faithful with which i have this by preface invaluable little work carefully away the of and the of fable which are too apt to spring up and choke hie seeds of truth and wholesome knowledge had i been anxious to the superficial throng who like over the surface of literature or had i been anxious to commend my writings to the of literary i might have availed myself of the obscurity that the infant years of our city to introduce a thousand pleasing but i have discarded many a tale and marvellous adventure whereby the drowsy ear of summer might be jealousy maintaining that fidelity gravity and dignity which should ever distinguish the historian for a writer of this class an elegant critic must sustain the character of | 48 |
a wise man writing for the instruction of posterity one who has studied to inform himself well who has pondered his subject with care and addresses himself to our judgment rather than to our imagination thrice happy therefore is this our renowned city in having incidents worthy of swelling the theme of history and doubly thrice happy is it in having such a historian as myself to relate them for after all gentle reader cities t and in fact of themselves are nothing without an historian it is the patient by xxiv b who records their prosperity as they who forth the splendour of their me who their feeble as they to who together their scattered ments as they and who at length their ashes into the of his work and a monument that will their renown to all succeeding ages what has been the fate of many fair cities of antiquity whose nameless ruins the plains of europe and asia and awaken the fruitless inquiry of the traveller they have sunk into dust and silence they have perished from remembrance for want of a historian the may weep over their desolation the poet may wander among their arches and broken columns and indulge the visionary flights of his fancy but alas alas the modem historian whose pen like my own is doomed to confine itself to dull matter of fact seeks in vain among their remains for some memorial ths t may tell the instructive tale of their glory and their ruin wars says destroy nations and with them all their monuments their discoveries their the torch of science has more than once been extinguished and a few individuals who have escaped by accident the thread of generations by ic xxv the same sad misfortune which has happened to so many ancient cities will happen again and from the same sad cause to nine of those which now flourish on the face of the globe with most of them the time for their early history is gone by their origin their foundation tc ther with the period of their youth are for ever buried in the rubbish of years and the same would have been the case with this fair portion of ihe earth if i had not snatched it from obscurity in the very nick of time at the moment that those matters recorded were about entering into the wide spread of oblivion if i had not dragged them out as it were by the very locks just as the monster s were closing upon them for ever and here have i as before observed carefully collected and arranged them and scrap en en and commenced in this little work a history to serve as a foundation on which other may hereafter raise a noble swelling in process of time until s j fork may be equally with s rome or and england and now indulge me for a moment while i lay down my pen to some little eminence at the distance of two or three hundred years ahead and casting back a bird s eye glance over the waste of years that is to roll between vol i c by ic xxvi ver little i moment the and of them all posted at the head of this host of literary with my book under my arm and new york on my back pressing forward like a gallant commander to honour and immortality such are the that will now and then enter into the brain of the as with celestial light his solitary chamber cheering his weary spirits and him to in his labours and i have freely given utterance to these whenever they have occurred not i trust from an unusual spirit of but merely that the reader may for once have an idea how an author thinks and feels while he is writing kind of ledge very rare and and to be desired by book l containing ingenious theories and speculations concerning the tion and population of the world as con with the history of new york chapter i description of the world according to the best the world in which we dwell is a huge reflecting mass floating in tiie vast ethereal ocean of infinite space it has the form of an orange being an curiously at opposite parts for tiie of two imaginary poles which are supposed to penetrate and unite at the centre thus forming an on which the mighty orange turns with a regular revolution the of light and darkness whence proceed the of day and night are produced by this revolution pre by of the different parts of the earth to the rays of the sun the latter is according to the best that is to say the latest accounts luminous or fiery body of a prodigious magnitude from which this world is driven by a or power and to which it is drawn by a or attractive force otherwise called the attraction of the combination or rather the of these two opposing impulses producing a circular and annual revolution hence result the different seasons of the year spring summer autumn and winter this i believe to be the most approved modem theory on the subject though there be many philosophers who have entertained very different opinions some too of them entitled to much deference from their great antiquity and illustrious characters thus it was advanced by some of the ancient that the earth was an extended plain supported by vast pillars and by others that rested on the head of a snake or the back of a huge but as they did not provide a resting place for either the pillars or the the whole theory fell to the ground for want of proper foundation the assert that the heavens rest upon the earth and the sun and moon swim therein like fishes in the | 48 |
water moving from east to west by day and gliding along the edge of the horizon by new york to their stations during the night while according to tiie of india it is a vast plain encircled by seven of milk and delicious that it is studded with seven and ornamented in the centre by a rock of gold and that a great occasionally up the moon which accounts for the phenomena of beside these and many other equally sage opinions we have the profound conjectures of son of al son of son of son of son of el who is called and but who takes the humble title of ar which means the companion of the of god he has written an universal history entitled or the golden meadows and the mines of precious stones in this valuable work he has related the history of the world from the creation down to the moment of writing which was under the of in the month el of the th year of the or t of the prophet he us that the earth is a huge bird and y los note b t sir w j ind fr by history of the head and india the right wing the land of the left wing and africa the tail he us moreover that an earth has existed before the present which he considers as a mere chicken of years that it has undergone divers and that according to the opinion of some well informed of his acquaintance it will be every seventy consisting of years these are a few of the many contradictory of philosophers concerning the earth and we find that the learned have had equal perplexity as to the nature of the sun some of the ancient philosophers have affirmed that it is a vast wheel of brilliant fire others that it is merely a mirror or sphere of transparent crystal and a third class at the head of whom stands maintained that it was nothing but a huge mass of iron or stone indeed he declared the heavens to be merely a vault of and that the stars were stones whirled upwards from the earth and set on fire by the of its but i give little attention to the doctrines of this philosopher the people of having fully de ii cap t cap ap t iii p i p de x in i ii sec s t i p de iv p by i new york them by him from their city a mode of answering unwelcome doctrines much resorted to in former days another of philosophers do declare that certain fiery constantly from the earth which in a single point of the by day constitute the sun but being scattered and rambling about in the dark at night collect in various points and form stars these are regularly burnt out and extinguished not unlike to the lamps in our streets and require a fresh supply of for the next occasion it is even recorded that at certain remote and obscure periods in consequence of a great of the sun has been completely burnt out and sometimes not for a month at a time a most melancholy circumstance the very idea of which gave vast concern to h that worthy weeping philosopher of antiquity in addition to various speculations it was the of that the sun is a magnificent abode the light it arising from certain luminous or clouds swimming in its transparent atmosphere t but we will not enter further at present into the nature of the sun that being an inquiry not im ii c sec i i p t i p c t p p i p by history of necessary to the development of history neither will we ourselves in any more of the endless of philosophers touching the form of this globe but content ourselves with the theory advanced in the beginning of this chapter and will proceed to illustrate by experiment the of motion therein ascribed to this our planet professor von or as the name may be rendered into english was long celebrated in the university of for profound gravity of and a talent at going to sleep in the midst of to the relief of his hopeful students who thereby worked way through college with great ease and little study in the course of one of his lectures the learned professor seizing a bucket of water swung it round his head at arm s length the impulse with which he threw the vessel from him being a force the of his arm as a power and the bucket which was a substitute for the earth describing a circular round about the head and of professor von which formed no bad representation of the sun all of these particulars were duly explained to the class of gaping students around him he them moreover that the same principle of which retained the water in the bucket the ocean from flying from the earth in its rapid to k and he further informed them that should the motion of the earth be suddenly checked it would fall into the sun through the force of a most event to this planet and one which would also obscure though it most probably would not the an unlucky one of those who seem sent into the world merely to annoy worthy men of the order desirous of the of the experiment suddenly arrested the arm of the professor just at the moment that the bucket was in its which immediately descended with astonishing precision upon the philosophic head of the of youth a hollow sound and a red hot hiss attended the contact but the theory was in the manner illustrated for the unfortunate bucket perished in the conflict but the blazing countenance of professor von emerged from amidst the waters glowing than ever with unutterable indignation whereby the students were and | 48 |
departed considerably wiser than before it is a circumstance which greatly many a pains taking philosopher that nature often refuses to second his most profound and elaborate efforts so that after having invented one of the most ingenious and natural theories imaginable she will have the to act by history of j in the teeth of hia system and contradict his most favourite positions this is a manifest and grievance since it the censure of the vulgar and entirely upon the philosopher whereas the fault is not to be ascribed to his theory which is unquestionably correct but to the of dame nature who with the of her sex ia continually indulging in and and seems really to take pleasure in all philosophic rules and the most learned and of her thus it happened with respect to the foregoing satisfactory explanation of the motion of our planet it appears that the force has long since ceased to operate while its remains in the world therefore according to the theory as it originally stood ought in strict propriety to tumble into the sun philosophers were convinced that it would do so and awaited in anxious impatience the fulfilment of their but the planet continued her course notwithstanding that she had reason philosophy and a whole university of learned professors opposed to her conduct the philosophers took this in very ill part and it is thought they would never have the slight and ont which they conceived put upon them by the world had not a good natured professor by york as a between the parties and effected a finding the world would not accommodate itself to the theory he wisely determined to accommodate the theory to the world he therefore informed his brother philosophers that the circular motion of the earth round the sun was no sooner by the conflicting impulses above described than it became a regular independent of the causes which gave it origin his learned brethren readily joined in the opinion being heartily glad of any explanation that would decently them from their embarrassment and ever since that memorable era the world has been left to take her own course and to around the sun in such as she proper by history of chapter or creation of the world with a multitude of excellent theories by which the creation of a world is shown to he no such matter as common folk would imagine having thus briefly introduced my reader to the world and given him some idea of its form and situation he will naturally be curious to know from whence it came and how it was created and indeed the clearing up of these points is absolutely essential to my history in as much as if this world had not been formed it is more than probable that this renowned island on which is situated the city of new would never have had an existence the regular course of my history therefore requires that i should proceed to notice the or formation of this our globe and now t give my readers fair warning that i am about to plunge for a chapter or two into as complete a as ever historian was perplexed withal therefore i advise them to take fast hold of my skirts and keep close at my heels venturing neither to the right hand nor to the left lest they get in a of unintelligible by york s or hate brains knocked out by of those hard greek names which will be about in all directions but should any of them be too indolent or chicken hearted to accompany me in this perilous undertaking they had better take a short cut round and wait for me at the beginning of some chapter x of the creation of the world we have a thousand contradictory accounts and though a very satisfactory one is furnished us by divine revelation yet every philosopher feels himself in honour bound to furnish us with a better as an impartial historian i consider it my duty to notice their several theories by which mankind have been so exceedingly and instructed thus it was the opinion of certain ancient tiiat the earth and the whole system of the universe was the deity himself a doctrine most maintained by and the whole tribe of as also by and the of philosophers likewise e famous system of the and and by means of his sacred the formation of the world the of nature and the principles both of music and morals t other ap i cap t i c de i e i sur p de i cap l i d by s to the system of squares and the the and the sphere the and the while others ike which the construction of our globe and all that it contains to the of four material elements air earth fire and water with the assistance of a fifth an and principle nor must i omit to mention tiie great system taught by old before the of revived by of laughing memory improved by that king of good fellows and by the fanciful but i decline inquiring whether the of which the earth is said to be composed are eternal or recent whether they are or whether agreeably to the opinion of the they were or as the maintain were arranged by a supreme whether in fact the earth be an or whether it be animated by a soul which opinion was maintained by a host of tim ap t p t i cap i cap de i cap ad p in i cap tim de ap de des t p by ic new york at the head of whom stands the great that temperate who threw the cold water of philosophy on the form of intercourse and the doctrine of n exquisitely refined intercourse but much better adapted to the ideal inhabitants of his imaginary island | 48 |
if he did not go there where else could he have gone a question which most out all dispute laying aside therefore all the conjectures above mentioned with a multitude of others equally satisfactory i shall take for granted the vulgar opinion that america was discovered on the th of october by a who has been nick named but for what reason i cannot discern of the voyages and adventures of this i shall say nothing seeing that they are already sufficiently known nor shall i undertake to prove that this country should have been called after his name that being self evident having thus happily got my readers on of the atlantic i picture them to myself impatience to enter upon the enjoyment of the land of promise and in full expectation that i will im deliver it into r possession but if i do may i ever the reputation of a regular bred historian no no curious and thrice learned readers for thrice learned ye are if ye by new york have read all that has gone before and nine learned shall ye be if ye read that comes after we have yet a world of work before us think you the first of this fair quarter of the globe had nothing to do but go on shore and find a country ready laid out and cultivated like a garden wherein they might at their ease no such thing they had forests to cut down to up to drain and savages to in like manner i have sundry doubts to dear away questions to resolve and to explain before i permit you to range at random but these difficulties once overcome we shall be enabled to on right merrily through the rest of our history thus my work shall in a echo the nature of the subject in the same manner as the sound of poetry has been found by certain critics to echo the this being aa improvement in history which i claim the merit of having invented by of chapter iv showing the great difficulty philosophers have had in america ind how the came to be by accident to the great relief and satisfaction of the author the next inquiry at which we arrive in the regular course of our history is to a if possible how this country was originally peopled a point fruitful of incredible for unless we prove that the did absolutely come from some where it will be immediately i in this age of that they lid not come at all and if they did not come at all then was this country never a conclusion perfectly agreeable to the rules of logic to every feeling of humanity inasmuch as it must prove fatal to the innumerable of this region to so dire a and to rescue from logical so many millions of fellow creatures how many wings of have been what of ink have been drained and how many heads of learned have been and for ever confounded i pause with awe when by new t i contemplate the ponderous in different languages with which they have endeavoured ta solve this question so important to the happiness of society but so involved in clouds of impenetrable obscurity historian after historian has engaged in the endless circle of argument and after leading us a weary ch se through and has let us out at the end of his work just as wise as we were at the beginning it was doubtless some philosophical wild goose chase of the kind that made the old rail in such a passion at curiosity which he most heartily as an irksome care a superstitious industry about things an humour to see what is not to be seen and to be doing what nothing when it is done but to proceed of the claims of the children of to the original population of this country i shall say nothing as they have already been touched upon in my last chapter the next in are the descendants of thus called when he first discovered the gold mines of immediately concluded with a that would have done honour to a philosopher that he had found the ancient from whence solomon procured the gold for the temple at nay even imagined that he saw by history of the remains of of veritable construction employed in the precious ore so golden a conjecture with such fascinating extravagance was too tempting not to be immediately snapped at by the of learning and accordingly there were divers profound writers ready to swear to its and to bring in their usual load of authorities and wise to it up and declared nothing could be more clear without the least hesitation that was the true and the jews the early of the country while and several other sagacious writers in a supposed prophecy of the fourth book of which being inserted in the mighty like the key stone of an arch gives it in their opinion perpetual scarce however have they completed their goodly than in a of opposite authors with de the great at their head and at one blow the whole fabric about their ears in fact outright all the to the first settlement of this country all those symptoms and traces of christianity and which have been said to be found in divers provinces of the new world to the devil who has always affected to the worship of the true deity a remark says by w york the knowing old d made by all good authors who have spoken of the religion of nations discovered and founded besides on the authority of the fathers of the church some writers again among whom it is with great regret i am compelled to mention de and de that the being driven from the land of promise by the jews were seized with such a panic that | 48 |
they fled without looking behind them until stopping to take breath they found themselves safe in america as they brought neither their national language manners nor features with them it is supposed they left them behind in the hurry of their cannot give my faith to this opinion i pass over the supposition of the learned who being both an and a to boot is entitled to great respect that north america was peopled by a strolling company of and that was founded by a colony from china or the first being himself a chinese nor shall i more than barely mention that father the settlement of america to the to the to the to a party from to the the to the le to the to the d by v history of to the together with the sage of de that england ireland and the contend for that honour nor will i bestow any more attention or credit to the idea that america is the fairy region of described by that dreaming traveller the or that it the visionary island of described by neither will stop to investigate the assertion of that each of the globe was originally furnished with an adam and eve or the more flattering opinion of dr supported by many nameless that adam was of the indian or the startling conjecture of and so highly honourable to mankind that the whole human species is accidentally descended from a remarkable family of this last conjecture i must own came upon me very suddenly and very i have often beheld the in a while gazing in stupid wonder at the extravagant of a all at once by a sudden stroke of the wooden sword i cross his shoulders little did i think at such times that it would ever fall to my lot to be treated with equal and that while i was quietly beholding these grave philosophers the eccentric of the hero of they would on a sudden turn upon me and my readers and with by new j one flourish us into beasts i from that moment not to bum my fingers any more of their theories but content myself with the different j methods by which they the descend of these ancient and respectable to i this great field of warfare this was done either by by land or by water thus joseph d three passages by land first by the north of europe secondly by die north of asia and by regions of the straits of the learned his by a pleasant route across frozen rivers and arms of the sea through and and various writers among whom are de and anxious for the accommodation of these travellers have fa the two together ng of de y which means could pass over dry shod but should even this fail that industrious old gentleman who books and has constructed a natural bridge of ice from continent to continent at the distance of four or five miles from s straits for which he is to the grateful thanks of all the wandering who ever did or ever will pass over it vol i f by of it is an evil much to be lamented that none of the worthy writers above quoted could ever commence his work without immediately declaring against every writer who had treated of the same subject in this particular authors may be compared to a certain sagacious bird which in building its nest is sure to pull to pieces the nests of all the birds in its neighbourhood this unhappy to the progress of sound knowledge theories are at best but productions and when once committed to the stream they should take care that like the notable pots which were fellow they do not crack each other my chief surprise is that among the many writers i have noticed no one has attempted to prove that this country was peopled from the or that the first inhabitants floated hither on islands of ice as white bears about the northern or that they were conveyed hither by as modern pass from to or by as posted among the or after the manner of the renowned who like the new england on full blooded made most unheard of journeys on the back of a golden arrow g ven him by the but is still one mode left by which this country could have been peopled which i have reserved for the last because i consider it worth by new york the rest it accident speaking of the islands of solomon new guinea and new holland the profound father in fine all these countries are peopled and it is possible some have been so by accident now if it could have happened in that manner might it not have been at the same time and by the means with the other parts of the globe this ingenious mode of certain conclusions from possible premises is an improvement in skill and proves the good father superior even to for he can turn the world without any thing to rest his upon it is only surpassed by the dexterity with which the sturdy old in another place cuts the knot says he is more easy the inhabitants of both are certainly the descendants of the same father the common father of mankind received an express order from heaven to people the world and accordingly it has been peopled to bring this about it was necessary to overcome all difficulties in the way and they have also been how does he put all the herd of laborious to the blush by explaining in five words what it has cost them volumes to prove they knew nothing about from all the authorities here quoted and a variety of others which i have consulted but which are omitted through fear of by history of d i can only draw the following | 48 |
conclusions which luckily however are sufficient for my purpose first that this part of the world has actually been peopled q e d to support which we have living proofs in the numerous tribes of indians that it secondly that it has been peopled in five hundred different ways as proved by a cloud of authors who from the of their seem to have been eye witnesses to the fact that the people of this country had a variety of fathers which as it may not be thought much to credit by the common run of readers the less we say on the subject the better the question therefore i trust is for ever at rest by ic new to k chapter v in which the author puts a mighty to the by the assistance of the man in the moon which not only thousands of people from great but likewise this book the writer of a history may m some respects be unto an adventurous knight who having undertaken a perilous enterprise by way of establishing his fame feels bound in honour and chivalry to turn back for no difficulty nor hardship and never to shrink or whatever enemy he may encounter under this impression i resolutely draw my pen and fall to with might and main at those questions and subtle which like fiery and bloody giants beset the entrance to my history and would fain me from the very threshold and at this moment a gigantic question has started up which i must needs take by the beard and utterly subdue before i can advance another step in my historic but i trust this will be the last adversary i shall have to contend with and that in the next book i shall be enabled to conduct my readers in triumph into the body of my work the question which has thus suddenly arisen is what ri t had the first of america r by v v i history of i v to land and take possession of a country first gaining the consent of its inhabitants or yielding them an adequate compensation for their territory a question which has many fierce and has given much distress of mind to multitudes of kind hearted folk and indeed until it be totally and put to rest the worthy people of america can by no means enjoy the soil they with clear right and title and quiet the first source of right by which property i acquired in a country is t for as all mankind have an equal right to any thing which has never before been appropriated so any nation that an country and takes possession thereof is considered as enjoying full property and absolute empire therein this proposition being admitted it follows clearly that the who first visited america were ae real of the same ing being necessary to the establishment of this fact but simply to prove that it was totally by man this would at first appear to be a point of some difficulty for it is well known that this quarter of the world with certain animals that walked erect on two feet had something of the human countenance uttered b c b c by ic j l york tain sounds very much like language in short had a marvellous resemblance to human beings but e zealous and enlightened fathers who accompanied the for the purpose of the kingdom of heaven b j establishing fat and on earth soon j cleared up this point greatly to the satisfaction of his the pope and of all christian and they plainly proved and as there were no indian writers arose on the other side the fact was considered as admitted and established that the two legged race of animals before mentioned were mere detestable monsters and many of them which last description of have since the times of mi and been considered as and have received no quarter in either history chivalry or song indeed even the philosophic bacon declared the americans to be people by the laws of nature inasmuch as they had a barbarous custom of sacrificing men and feeding upon man s flesh nor are these all the proofs of their utter among many other writers of tells us their is so visible that one can hardly form an idea of them different from what one has of the brutes nothing the tranquillity of their souls equally insensible to and to prosperity though half by n history of naked they are as contented as a monarch in his most splendid array fear makes no impression on and respect as little all this is supported by the authority of m it is not easy says he to describe the degree of their indifference for wealth and all it advantages one does not well know what motives to propose to them when one would persuade them to any service it is vain to offer them money they answer that they are not hungry and the whole assuring us that ambition they have none and are more desirous of being thought strong than the objects of ambition with us honour fame reputation posts and distinctions are unknown i upon g so that this powerful of action the cause of so much seeming good and real evil in the world has no power over them in a word these unhappy mortals may be compared to children in whom the development of reason is not completed now all these peculiarities although in the states of greece they would have entitled their to immortal honour as having reduced to practice those rigid and the mere talking about which acquired certain old the reputation of and philosophers yet were they clearly proved in the present instance to a most abject and nature totally beneath the human by but ihe benevolent fathers who had undertaken to turn | 48 |
these unhappy savages into dumb beasts by dint of argument advanced still stronger proofs for as certain of the sixteenth and among the rest the go naked and have no they have nothing says of the reasonable animal except the mask and even that mask was allowed to avail them but little for it was soon found that they were of a hideous copper and being of a copper complexion it was all the same as if they were and are black and black said the pious fathers devoutly crossing themselves is the colour of the devil therefore so far from being able to own property they had no right even to personal freedom for liberty is too radiant a deity to such gloomy temples all which circumstances plainly convinced the righteous followers of and that these had no title to the soil that they that they were a perverse dumb black mere wild beasts of the forests and like them should either be subdued or from the foregoing arguments therefore and a variety of others equally which i forbear to it was clearly evident that this fair quarter of the globe when first visited by was a howling wilderness inhabited by by i tb of nothing but wild beasts and that the acquired an property therein by the right of discovery this right being fully established we now come to the next which is tiie right acquired by the cultivation of the soil we are told is an obligation imposed by nature on man kind the whole world is appointed for the nourishment of its inhabitants but it would be incapable of doing it was it eve ry nation is then obliged by the law of nature to cultivate the ground that has fallen to its share those people like the ancient and modern who having fertile tries disdain to cultivate the earth and choose to live by are wanting to themselves and deserve to be as savage and beasts now it is notorious that the savages knew nothing of when first discovered by the but lived a most vagabond life rambling from place to place and upon the spontaneous luxuries of without her generosity to yield them any thing more whereas it has been most unquestionably shown that heaven intended the earth should be and sown and and out into cities and towns and farms and country seats and pleasure grounds and b i ch by new york lie gardens all which the indians knew nothing therefore they did not improve the talents providence had bestowed on therefore they were careless therefore they had no right to the therefore they deserved to be it is true the savages might plead that they drew all the benefits from the land which their simple wants they found plenty of game to hunt which together with the roots and fruits of the earth furnished a sufficient variety for their and that as heaven merely designed the earth to form the abode and satisfy the wants of man so long as those purposes were answered the will of heaven was accomplished but this only proves how they were of the blessings around them they were so much the more savages for not having more wants for knowledge is in some degree an increase of desires and it is this superiority both in the number and magnitude of his desires that the man from the beast therefore the indians in not having more wants were very unreasonable animals and it was but just that they should make way for the who had a thousand wants to their one and therefore would turn the earth to more account and by it more truly fulfil the will of heaven besides and and and and many wise men beside by ic history of who have considered the matter properly have determined that the property of a country cannot be acquired by hunting cutting wood or drawing water in it nothing but precise of limits and the intention of cultivation can establish the possession now as the savages probably from never having read the authors above quoted had never complied with any of these necessary forms it plainly followed that they had no right to the soil but that it was completely at the of the first comers who had more knowledge more wants and more elegant that is to say artificial desires than themselves in entering upon a newly discovered country therefore the new comers were but taking possession of what according to the doctrine was their own property therefore in opposing them the savages were their just rights the laws of nature and the will or therefore they were guilty of and on the case therefore they were hardened against god and man therefore they ought to be but a more irresistible right than either that i have mentioned and one which will be the most readily admitted by my reader provided he be blessed with of charity and is the right acquired by civilization all the world knows the state in which these poor by r savages were found not only deficient in the comforts of life but is still worse most and unfortunately blind to the miseries of situation but no sooner did the benevolent inhabitants of europe behold their sad condition than they immediately went to work to and improve it they introduced among them rum gin brandy and the other comforts of life and it is astonishing to read how soon the poor savages learnt to estimate these blessings they likewise made known to them a thousand by which the most diseases are and healed and that they might comprehend the benefits and enjoy the comforts of these they previously introduced among them the diseases which they were calculated to cure by these and a variety of other methods was the condition of | 48 |
these poor savages wonderfully improved they acquired a thousand wants of which they had before been ignorant and as he has most y sources of happiness who has most wants to be gratified they were rendered a much happier race of beings but the most important branch of civilization and which has most been by the zealous and pious fathers of the is the introduction of the christian faith it was truly a sight that might well inspire horror to behold these savages stumbling among the dark mountains of and guilty of the most vol i g by ic f t history of horrible ignorance of religion it is true they neither stole nor they were sober continent and faithful to their word but c though they acted right habitually it was all in vain unless they acted so from the new comers therefore used every method to induce them to embrace and practise the true indeed that of s ig them the example all these complicated labours for their good such was the obstinacy of these stubborn wretches that they refused to acknowledge the strangers as their and persisted in the doctrines they endeavoured to most that from their conduct the of did not seem to believe in it themselves was not this too much for man patience would not one suppose that the from europe provoked at their incredulity and discouraged by their stiff obstinacy would forever have abandoned their shores and consigned them to their original ignorance and misery but so zealous were they to effect the comfort and eternal salvation of these pagan that they even proceeded from the means of persuasion to the more painful and troublesome one of let loose among them whole troops of fiery and furious them by fire and sword by stake and by new m consequence of which measures the cause of christian love and was so rapidly advanced that in a very few years not one fifth of the number of existed in south america that were found there at the time of its discovery what stronger right need the european advance to the country than this have not whole nations of savages been made acquainted with a thousand imperious wants and indispensable comforts of which they were before wholly ignorant have they not been literally hunted and out of the and lurking places of ignorance and and absolutely into the right path have not the things the vain and filthy of this world which were too apt to engage their worldly and selfish thoughts been taken from them and have they not instead thereof been taught to set their affections on things above and finally to use the words of a reverend spanish father in a letter to his superior in can any one have the pre to say that these savage have yielded any thing more than an to their in surrender ing to them a little pitiful tract of this dirty planet in exchange for a glorious in in the kingdom of heaven by history of here then are three and sources of right established any me of which was more than ample to establish a property in the newly discovered regions of america now so it has happened in certain parts of this delightful quarter of the globe that the right of discovery has been so the influence of cultivation so extended and ihe progress of salvation and civilization so that what with their attendant wars diseases and other partial evils that often ha on tha skirts of t benefit s the savage have some how or another been utterly md this all at once brings me to a fourth right which is worth all the others put for the original to the soil being all dead and buried and no one remaining to inherit or dispute the soil the as the next immediate occupants entered upon the possession as clearly as the to the clothes of the and as they have and all the learned of the law on their side they may set actions of at defiance nd this last may be entitled the by or m other words the right by gun powder but lest any scruples of conscience should remain on head and to settle the question of com b ii c by york t right for ever his pope alexander vi issued a bull by which he generously granted the newly discovered quarter of the globe to the and who thus law and gospel on their side and being with great spiritual zeal showed the pagan savages neither favour nor affection but the work of discovery civilization and with ten times more fury than ever thus were the european who first discovered america clearly entitled to the soil and not only entitled to the soil but likewise to the eternal thanks of these savages for having come so far endured so many perils by sea and land and taken such pains for no other purpose but to improve their forlorn and condition for having made them acquainted with the comforts of life for having introduced among them the light of religion and finally for having hurried them out of the world to enjoy its reward but as argument is never so well understood by us selfish mortals as when it comes home to ourselves and as i am particularly anxious that this question should be put to rest forever i will suppose a parallel case by way of the candid attention of my readers let us suppose then that ihe inhabitants of the moon by astonishing advancement in science and by a profound insight into that philosophy by history of the mere of which have of late years dazzled the feeble and the shallow brains of the good people of our let us suppose i that the inhabitants of the moon by these means had at | 48 |
such a command of their energies such an state as to control the elements and the boundless regions of space let us suppose a crew of these soaring ers in the course of an voyage of discovery among the stars should chance to alight upon this planet and here i beg my readers will not have tke to smile as is too frequently the fault of readers when the grave speculations of philosophers i am far from indulging in any vein at present nor is the supposition i have been making so wild as many may deem it it has long been a very serious and anxious question with me and many a time and oft in the course of my overwhelming cares and for the welfare and protection of this my native planet have i lain awake whole nights in my mind whether it were most probable we should first discover and the moon or the moon discover and our globe neither would the of sailing in the air and among the stars be a whit more astonishing and incomprehensible to us than was the european mystery of by ic floating castles through the world of waters to the simple savages we have already discovered the art of along the shores oi our planet bj means of as the savages of venturing along their sea in and tiie between the former and the of the philosophers from the moon might not greater than that between the bark of the savages and the mighty ships of their i might here pursue an endless chain of similar speculations but as they would be unimportant to my subject i abandon them io my particularly if he be a philosopher as matters well worthy his attentive consideration to return then to my hi et us pose that the i have mentioned possessed of vastly superior knowledge to ourselves that is to say possessed of superior knowledge in the art of hiding on with impenetrable with sun beams and provided with vast engines to enormous moon stones in short let us suppose them if our vanity wiu permit the supposition as superior to us in knowledge and consequently in power as the were to the indians when first discovered them all this is very possible it is only our self that makes us think otherwise and i warrant the poor savages before they had any knowledge of the white men armed in all the by history op terrors of glittering steel and tremendous were as perfectly convinced that they themselves were the wisest the most virtuous powerful and perfect of created beings as are at this present moment the inhabitants of old england the of france or even the self satisfied citizens of this most enlightened republic let us suppose moreover that the finding planet to be nothing but a howling wilderness inhabited by us poor savages and wild beasts take formal possession of it in the name of his most gracious and philosophic the man in the moon finding however that their numbers are to hold it in complete on account of the ferocious of its inhabitants they shall take worthy president the k ing the emperor of hay the bon and the great and returning to their native planet shall carry them to court as were the indian chiefs led about as spectacles in the courts of europe then making such as the etiquette of the court requires they shall address the man in the moon in as near as i can conjecture the following terms most serene and mighty whose extend as far as eye can reach who ri by new die on tiie great bear the gun as a look y ai ing glass and control tn and sea c we subjects have just returned from a voyage of in the course of which we have landed and taken possession of that obscure little dirty planet which thou rolling at a distance the fi ve uncouth which we have brought into august presence were once very important chiefs among their fellow savages who are a race of beings totally destitute of the common attributes of humanity and in every thing from the inhabitants of the moon inasmuch as they carry their heads upon j shoulders instead of under have two eyes instead of one are utterly destitute of tails and of a variety of particularly of a instead a en we have moreover found these miserable savages sunk into a state of the utmost ignorance and every man living with his own wife and his own children instead of indulging in that community of wives by the law of nature as by the philosophers of the moon in a word they have scarcely a gleam of true philosophy among them but are in fact utter and taking compassion therefore on the sad condition of these wretches by rf story of we have endeavoured while we remained on their planet to introduce among them the light of reason and the comforts of the moon we have treated them to of and ij f which thej swallowed with incredible particularly the females and we have likewise endeavoured to into them the of philosophy we have insisted upon their the contemptible of religion and common sense and the profound and all perfect energy and the immovable perfection but such was the obstinacy of these wretched savages they persisted in to their wives and to their on and absolutely set at the sublime doctrines of the moon nay among other abominable they even went so far as to declare that this planet was made of nothing more nor less than green cheese at these words the great man in the moon being a very profound philosopher shall fall into a terrible passion and possessing equal authority over things that do not belong to him as did his the pope shall forthwith issue a formidable bull | 48 |
that whereas a certain crew of have lately discovered and en possession of a newly discovered planet the earth and that whereas it is inhabited by s by none but a race of two legged animals that carry heads on their shoulders instead of under their arms cannot talk the lunatic language have two eyes instead of one are destitute of tails and of a horrible whiteness instead of green therefore and for a variety of other excellent reasons they are considered incapable of possessing any property in the planet they and the right and title to it are confirmed to its original and the who are now about to depart to the planet are and commanded to use every means to convert these savages from the darkness of christianity and make them thorough and absolute in consequence of this benevolent bull our philosophic go to work with hearty zeal they seize upon our fertile us from our possessions relieve us from our wives and when we are unreasonable enough to complain they will turn upon us and say miserable ungrateful wretches have we not come thousands of miles to improve your worthless planet have we not fed you with have we not you with does not our moon give you light every night and have you the to murmur when we claim a pitiful return for all these benefits but finding that we not only persist in absolute by id ru ot of and in their philosophy but even go so far as to de our property their patience shall be ed and they shall resort to their superior powers of hunt us with us with concentrated sun beams our cities with moon stones until having by main force converted us to the true faith they shall ly us to exist in the deserts jf list l frozen r here to en joy the civilization and the charms of in much the same manner as the and enlightened savages of this v country are kindly suffered to the v forests of th fe north or the impenetrable of south america thus i hope i have clearly proved and strikingly illustrated the right of the early to the possession of this country and thus is this gigantic question completely so having surmounted all obstacles and subdued all opposition what remains but that i should forthwith conduct my readers into the city which we have been so long in a manner but hold before i proceed another step i must pause to take breath and recover from the excessive fatigue i have undergone in preparing to begin this most accurate of histories and in this i do but imitate the example of a renowned dutch by york of who took a start of three miles for the purpose of jumping oyer a hill but having run himself out of breath bj the time he reached the foot sat himself quietly down for a few moments to blow and then walked oyer it at his leisure end of book i vol i by book ii of the first settlement of the pro of chapter l in which are contained divers reasons why a man should not write in a hurry also of master his discovery of i strange country nd how he was re by the of their high my great grandfather by the mother s side van when employed to build the large stone church at which stands about three hundred yards to your left after you turn off from the and which is so conveniently constructed that all the zealous christians of prefer sleeping through a sermon there to any other church in the my great grandfather i say when employed to build that famous church did in the first place send to for a box of long pipes then having by ic history of york a new box and a hundred t of tiie best he sat himself down and did for the space of three but smoke most then did he spend full three months more in on foot and in from to to to to to the knocking his head and his against church in his road then did he advance gradually nearer and nearer to until he came in sight of the identical spot whereon the church was to be built then did he spend three months longer in walking round it and round it contemplating it first from one point of view and then from now would he be by it on the would he peep at it at u a from ae other of the and now would he take a s eye glance at it from tiie top of one of those gigantic wind mills which tiie gates of the city the good folks of the place were on the of expectation and impatience all tiie turmoil of my great grandfather not a symptom of tiie church was yet to be seen they began to fear it would never be brought into die world but that its great would lie down and die in labour of the mighty plan he had conceived at length having occupied twelve good months in puffing and and talking and walking travelled over all holland by ic of and taken a peep into france and germany smoked five hundred and nine pipes and three hundred weight of the best virginia tobacco my great grandfather gathered together all that knowing and industrious class of citizens who prefer attending to any body s business sooner than their own and having pulled off his coat and five pair of breeches he advanced up and laid ihe comer stone of the church in the presence of the whole just at the commencement of the month in a similar manner and with the example of my worthy full before my eyes have i proceeded in writing | 48 |
this most history the honest no doubt thought my great grandfather was doing nothing at all to hie purpose while he was making such a world of bustle about the building of his church ind many of the ingenious of fair city will unquestionably suppose that all the preliminary chapters with the discovery population and settlement of america were totally and and that the main business the history of new york is not a more advanced than if i had never taken up my pen never were wise people more mistaken in their conjectures in consequence of going to work slowly and deliberately the church came out of my father s hands one of the most goodly and glorious in the known by york tliat like our at it was on so grand a that the good folks could not afford to finish more than the wing of it so likewise i trust if ever i am enabled to finish this work on the plan i have commenced of which in simple i sometimes haye my doubts it will be found that i hare pursued ike latest rules of mj art as in the writings of all the great can ih t tt ty out l u n hi now a in mm one of the great of to proceed then with the thread of my story in the ever memorable year of our lord on a saturday morning the five and day rf march old style did that worthy and as he has justly been led master henry set sail firom holland in a stout vessel called the half moon being employed by the dutch east india company to seek a north west passage to china henry or as the dutch call him was a sea man of renown who had learned to smoke tobacco under sir walter and is said to have been the first to introduce it into holland which gained him much popularity in that and caused him to find great favour in the eyes of their high the lords states general and of the west india company he was h by history of a short square old gentleman with a double chin a mouth and a broad copper nose which was supposed in those days to have acquired its fiery hue from the constant neighbourhood of his tobacco pipe he wore a true tucked in a belt and a s cocked hat one side of his head he was remarkable for up his breeches when he out his orders and his sounded not unlike the of a tin owing to the number of hard which he had swallowed in the course of his sea such was of whom we haye heard so much and know so little and i have been thus particular in is description for the benefit of modem painters and that they may represent him as he was and not according to their common custom with modem heroes make him look like or or the of as chief mate and companion the chose master robert of in england by some his name has been and ascribed to the circumstance of his been the first man that co but this i believe to be a mere more especially as certain of his ar living at this day who write their names he was an old comrade and early school mate of the great by i to k with whom he had often played and sailed boats in a neighbouring pond when they were little boys firom whence it is said the first derived his bias towards a life certain it is that the old about declared robert to be an unlucky prone to mischief that would one day or other come to the gallows he grew up as boys of that kind often grow up a rambling heedless tossed about in quarters of the world meeting with more perils and wonders than did the sailor without growing a whit more wise prudent or ill natured under every misfortune he comforted himself with a of tobacco and the truly philosophic that it will be air the same thing a hundred years hence he was skilled in the art of carving and true lover s knots on the bulk heads and quarter and was considered a great wit on board ship in consequence of his playing on every body around and now and then even making a face at old when his back was turned to this universal genius are we indebted for many particulars concerning this voyage of which he wrote a history at the request of the who had an aversion to writing himself from having received so many about it when at school to supply the of master s journal which is written by history of true log book i have availed myself of divers family traditions handed down from my great great grandfather who accompanied the ex in the capacity of cabin boy from all that i can learn few incidents worthy of happened in the voyage and it me exceedingly that i have to admit so noted an expedition into my work without making any more of it suffice it to say the voyage was prosperous and tranquil the crew being a patient people much given to slumber and and but little troubled with the disease of thinking a malady of the mind which is the sure of discontent had laid in abundance of gin and sour and every man was allowed to sleep quietly at his post unless the wind blew true it is some slight dissatisfaction was shown on two or three occasions at certain unreasonable conduct of thus for instance he to sail when the wind was light and the weather serene which was considered among the most experienced dutch as certain weather or that the weather would change for the worse he acted moreover in direct contradiction to that ancient | 48 |
the bells that were not otherwise engaged rung a triple bob major on the joyful occasion my great great grandfather remarks that the was uncommonly prosperous for being under the especial care of the ever st the seemed to be endowed with qualities unknown to common vessels thus she made as much lee way as head way could get along very nearly as fast with the wind a head as when it was a ind was particularly great in a calm in consequence of which singular advantages she made out to accomplish her voyage in a very few months and came to anchor at the mouth of the a little to the east of island by here up eyes tbey beheld on at called ik shore a small in a of elms and t natives all on ike beach gazing in stupid at the a boat was immediately to enter into a treaty them and approaching a shore hailed them a trumpet in the most friendly terms but so confounded were these savages at the tremendous and uncouth sound of the low dutch language that they one and all took to heels over e hills did they stop until they had buried themselves head and ears in the on the other side where they all perished to a man and their bones being collected and decently covered by the society of that day formed that singular mound called rattle snake hill which rises out of the centre of the salt a little to the east of the animated by this for victory our heroes sprang in triumph took of the soil as in the name of hi the l m ds states general and marching forward carried the village of storm notwithstanding tiiat it was vigorously defended by some half a score of old and pi on looking about them they were so transported with the ex by history ov of the place that they had yery little doubt the blessed st had guided them thither as the very spot to settle their colony the softness of the soil was wonderfully adapted to the driving of piles the and around them ample opportunities for the of and the of the shore was peculiarly favourable to the building of n a word this spot abound ed with all the for the foundation of a great city on making a faithful report therefore to the crew of the ey one and all determined that this was the destined end of their voyage accordingly they descended from the men women and children in goodly groups as did the animals of from the ark and formed themselves into a settlement which they called by the indian name as all the world is doubtless perfectly ed with it may seem somewhat superfluous to treat of it in the present work but my readers will please to recollect that notwithstanding it is my chief desire to satisfy the present age yet i write likewise for posterity and have to consult the understanding and curiosity of some half a score of centuries yet to come by which time perhaps were it not for this invaluable history the great like and other great cities might by ic be extinct and in ami mud t turned into and even its situation a fertile subject of learned and among i let me then from the humble relics of a which was the egg from whence was the ua of new york is at present but a small among rural scenery on that part t shore which was known in ancient legends by the name of t and a of the superb bay of it is within but half an hour s of provided you have a fair mid may be distinctly seem from the it ia known which i can testify from my wn experience that on a dear still summer eve may hear from tiie battery of new york the of broad of the dutch at who like most other are famous for their powers this is peculiarly the case on sunday evenings when it is remarked by an ingenious and observant philosopher who his made great discoveries in the of this city that men by ate into it f in the maps u u a of about to by ic of always laugh which he attributes to the circumstance of their having their clothes on these in fact like the in the dark ages all the knowledge of the place and being infinitely more adventurous and more knowing than their masters carry on all the foreign trade making frequent voyages to town in loaded with and they are great the different changes of weather almost as accurately as an they are moreover exquisite on three in whistling they almost boast the far powers of his for not a horse or an ox in the place when at the plough or before the wagon will a foot until he hears the well known whistle of his black driver and companion and from their amazing skill at casting up accounts upon their fingers they are regarded with as much veneration as were the of of when into the sacred of numbers as to the of like wise men and sound philosophers they never look beyond their pipes nor trouble their heads about any affairs out of their immediate neighbourhood o that they live in profound and ignorance of all the troubles anxieties and revolution by york of this distracted planet i am told tiiat many among them do verily believe that holland of which they have heard so much from tradition is situated somewhere on island that king devil and the are the two ends of hie hat the country is still under the dominion of their high and that the city of new york still goes by the name of they meet every saturday at the only tavern in the place | 48 |
which bears as a sign a square headed likeness of the prince of orange where they smoke a silent pipe by way of social and invariably drink a of to the success of admiral yon who they imagine is still sweeping the british channel with a at his mast head in short is one of the numerous little villages in the vicinity of this most beautiful of cities which are so many strong holds and whither the primitive manners of our dutch forefathers have retreated and where they are cherished with devout and scrupulous the dress of the original is handed down from father to son the identical broad hat broad skirted coat and broad breeches continue from generation to generation and several gigantic knee of silver are still in wear that made gallant display in the days of the of the language likewise continues by of and so correct is the ia ter in his dialect that his reading of a low dutch has much the same on tha ner es as the of a by new york chapter iii in which is set forth the true art of a bargain the miraculous escape of a great metropolis in nd the of certain heroes of having in the trifling which concluded the last chapter discharged the filial duty which the city of new york owed to as being the mother settlement and having given a faithful picture of it as it stands at present i return with a soothing sentiment of to dwell upon its early history the crew of the being soon by fresh from holland the settlement went on increasing in magnitude and prosperity the neighbouring indians in a short time became accustomed to the uncouth sound of the dutch language and an intercourse gradually took place between them and the new comers the indians were much given to long talks and the dutch to long in this particular therefore they each other completely the chiefs would make long speeches about the big bull the and the t spirit to which the others would listen very attentively smoke vol i k by ic or their pipes and a r the poor savages were delighted they instructed the new in the best art of and smoking tobacco while the latter in return made them drunk with true and then learned them the art of making a brisk trade for was soon opened the dutch were honest in their dealings and purchased by weight establishing it as an invariable table of that the hand of a weighed one pound and his foot two pounds it is true the simple indians were often puzzled by the great between bulk and weight for let them a bundle of never so large in one scale and a put his hand or foot in the other the bundle was sure to kick the never was a of known to weigh more than two pounds in the market of this is a singular but i have it direct from my great great grandfather who had risen to considerable importance in the colony being promoted to the office of weigh master on account of the uncommon of his foot the dutch possessions in this part of the globe began now to assume a very appearance and were comprehended under the general title of on account as the sage of their great resemblance to the dutch which indeed was truly by new ill remarkable excepting that the former were ragged and and the latter level and about this time the tranquillity of the dutch was doomed to suffer a temporary interruption in captain sir samuel ai sailing under a commission from governor of y visited the on river and demanded their submission to the english crown and dominion to this demand as they were in no condition to resist it they submitted for the time like discreet and reasonable men it does not appear that the the settlement of on the contrary i am told that when his vessel first in sight the worthy hers were seized with such a panic they fell to smoking their pipes with astonishing vehemence that ey quickly raised a cloud which with the surrounding woods and completely enveloped and concealed their beloved village and the fair regions of so that the terrible captain passed on totally that a sturdy little dutch settlement lay in the mud under cover of all this in of this fortunate escape the worthy inhabitants have continued to smoke almost without unto very day which is said to be the cause of the by history of remarkable fog that often hangs over of a clear afternoon upon the departure of the enemy our ancestors took full six months to recover their wind having been exceedingly by the consternation and hurry of affairs they then called a council of safety to smoke over the state of the province after six months more of mature deliberation during which nearly five hundred words were spoken and almost as much tobacco was smoked as would have served a certain modern general through a whole winter s campaign of hard drinking it was determined to fit out an of and despatch them on a voyage of discovery to search if some more sure and formidable position might not be found where the colony would be less subject to this perilous enterprise was to the of van and ten four great men but of whose history although i have made inquiry i can learn but little previous to their leaving holland nor need this occasion much surprise for like though they make great noise abroad have seldom much in their own countries but this much is certain that the and off of a country are invariably composed of the by york lis richest parts of the soil and here i cannot help how convenient it would be to many of our great men and great families | 48 |
of doubtful origin could thej have the privilege of the heroes of who whenever their origin was involved in obscurity modestly announced themselves descended from a and who never visited a foreign country but what they told some cock and bull stories about their being kings and princes at home this on the truth thou it has been played off by some and other illustrious foreigner in our land of good natured has been completely in this matter of fact and i even question whether any tender virgin who was accidentally and enriched with a would save her character at parlour fire sides and evening tea parties by phenomenon to a swan a shower of gold or a river god thus being denied the benefit of and classic fable i should have been at a loss as to the early biography of my heroes had not a gleam of light been thrown upon their origin from their names by this simple means have i been enabled to gather some particulars concerning the in question van for instance was one of those philosophers who tax providence for a and like by history of enjoy a free and estate in sunshine he was usually arrayed in garments suitable to his fortune being curiously fringed and by the hand of time and was with an old fragment of a hat which had acquired the shape of a sugar loaf and so far did he carry his contempt for the distinction of dress that it is said the remnant of a shirt which covered his back and like a pocket handkerchief out of a hole in his breeches was never washed except by showers of heaven in this garb was he usually to be seen himself at noon day with a herd of philosophers of the same on the side of the great canal of like your nobility of europe he took his name of or lack land from his landed estate which lay some where in of the next of our might i have had the benefit of assistance the want of which i have just lamented i should have made honourable mention as equally illustrious with the hero of antiquity his name was van which being freely translated the dirt meaning beyond a doubt that like the and the he sprung from dame or the earth this supposition is strongly by his size for it is well known that all the of mother earth were of a gigantic by new york stature and van we are told was a tall raw man above six feet with an as hard head nor is this origin of the illustrious van a whit more improbable or to belief than what is related and j admitted of certain of our greatest or rather richest men who we are told with the ut most gravity did originally spring from a of the third hero but a faint description has reached to this time which that he was a sturdy obstinate bustling little man and from being usually equipped with an old pair of was familiarly or tough breeches completed this of it is a singular but ludicrous fact which were i not scrupulous in the whole truth i should almost be tempted to pass over in silence as with the gravity and dignity of history that this worthy gentleman should likewise have been from the most part of his dress in fact the small clothes seems to have been a very important garment in the eyes of our ancestors owing in all to its really being the lai est article of among them the name of ten or tin is indifferently translated into ten breeches and tin the high dutch incline to the former opinion and as by history of it to his being the first who introduced into the settlement the ancient dutch fashion of wearing ten pair of breeches but the most elegant and ingenious on the subject declare in favour of tin or rather thin breeches from whence they infer that he was a poor but merry rogue whose were none of the and who was the identical author of that truly philosophical then we quarrel for riches or any glittering a light heart and of will go the my such was the gallant chosen to conduct this voyage into unknown and the whole was put under the care and direction of van who was held in great reverence among the of for the variety and darkness of his knowledge having as i before observed passed a neat part of his life in the open air the philosophers of he become well acquainted with the aspect of the heavens and could as accurately determine when a storm was or a rising as a dutiful husband can foresee from the brow of his when a tempest is gathering about his ears he was moreover a great of ghosts and by new and a firm in but what especially recommended him to public confidence was his marvellous talent at dreaming for there never was of consequence happened at but what he declared he had previously it being one of those who always events after they have come to pass this supernatural gift was as highly valued among the of as it was among the enlightened nations of antiquity the wise was more indebted to his sleeping than his waking moments for all his subtle achievements and seldom undertook any go at first soundly sleeping upon it and the same may truly be said of the good van who was thence the this cautious commander having chosen the that should accompany him in the proposed expedition them to to their homes take a good night s rest settle all family affairs and make their wills before departing on this voyage into unknown and indeed this last was a precaution always taken by our forefathers even in after when became more adventurous and to or or | 48 |
or any other far country that lay beyond the great waters of the by chapter iv how the heroes of to hm and how they were received there and now the rosy blush of began to mantle in the east and soon the rising sun ng from amidst golden and purple clouds shed his on the tin of it was that delicious season of the when nature breaking from the of old winter like a blooming from e tyranny of a sordid old father herself blushing ten thousand charms into the arms of youthful spring every and blooming grove with the notes of love the very insects as they the dew that the tender grass of the meadows joined in the joyous the virgin bud timidly put forth its the voice of the was heard in the land and the heart of man dissolved away in tenderness oh sweet had i thine reed wherewith thou did charm the gay or oh gentle thy pastoral pipe wherein the happy of the isle so much delighted then might i attempt to in soft or by ic tiie rural beauties of but having nothing save this goose wherewith to wing my flight i must fain resign all of the fancy and pursue my narrative in humble prose comforting myself with the hope that though it may not steal so sweetly upon the nation of my reader yet may it commend itself with virgin modesty to his better judgment clothed in the and simple garb of truth no sooner did the first rays of cheerful i dart into the windows of than the little settlement was all in motion forth issued from his castle the sage van and seizing a shell blew a r blast that soon summoned all his followers then did they resolutely down to the water side by a multitude of relatives and friends who all went down as the common phrase expresses it to see them oflf and this shows the antiquity of those long family often seen in our city composed of all ages sizes and sexes laden with bundles and some of country cousins about to depart for home in a market boat the good bestowed his forces in a of three and hoisted his flag on board round dutch boat shaped not unlike a tub which had formerly been the jolly boat of the and now all being embarked they bid farewell to the gazing throng upon the beach who by iso history of continued shouting after them even when out of hearing wishing them a voyage them to take good care of themselves not to get drowned with an abundance other of those sage and invaluable generally given by to such as go down to the sea in ships and adventure upon the deep waters in the mean while the cheerily urged their course across the crystal bosom of the bay and soon left behind them the green shores of ancient and first they touched at two small islands which lie nearly opposite and which are said to have been brought into existence about the time of the great of the when it broke through the and made its way to the ocean for in this tremendous uproar of the waters we are told that many huge fragments of rock and land were rent from the mountains it it a matter long established by certain of our that is to say having been often advanced and never contradicted it has grown to be pretty nigh equal to a settled fact that the was originally a lake up by the mountains of the in process of time however becoming very mighty and and the mountains and weak in the back by reason of their extreme old age it suddenly rose upon them and after a violent struggle effected its escape this is said to have come to pass in very remote time probably before that rivers had lost the art of running up hill the foregoing is a theory in which i do not pretend to be skilled that i do fully give it my belief by new and swept down by this run away river for sixty r seventy miles where some of ran on the just opposite and formed tiie identical islands in question while others drifted out to sea and were never heard of more a sufficient proof of the fact is that the rock which forms the of these islands is exactly similar to that of the and moreover one of our philosophers who has diligently compared the agreement of their respective has even gone so far as to assure me in confidence that island was originally nothing more nor less than a on s nose leaving wonderful they next by governor s island since terrible from its frowning fortress and grinning they would by no means however land upon this island since they doubted much it might be the abode of and spirits which in those days did greatly abound throughout this savage and pagan country just at this time a of jolly came rolling and tumbling by turning up sleek sides to the sun and up the element in sparkling showers no sooner did the sage mark this than he was rejoiced this exclaimed he if i mistake not the is a fat well fish a among fishes his looks a in uie ds vol i l by history of e plenty and i admire round fat fish and doubt not but this is a happy omen of the success of our undertaking so saying he directed his to steer in the tract of these fishes turning therefore directly to the left th swept up the strait called the east river and here the rapid tide which courses through this strait seizing on the gallant tub in which van had embarked hurried it forward with a in a dutch boat by that ihe good who | 48 |
had all his life long been accustomed only to the drowsy of was more than ever convinced that were in the hands of some supernatural power and that the jolly were them to some fair haven tiiat was to fulfil all their wishes and expectations borne away by the current th doubled that boisterous point of land since called s hook and leaving to right ike rich winding of the they drifted into a magnificent expanse of water surrounded by pleasant shores whose was exceedingly refreshing to the eye while the were looking around them on what conceived to be a serene and sunny lake they at a dis properly ia i e a of land by ic york s a crew of painted savages busily employed in fishing who seemed more like the of this romantic region their slender lightly ha like a feather on the surface of the bay at sight of these the hearts of the heroes of com were not a little troubled but as good fortune would have it at the bow of the s boat was stationed a very man named which being interpreted means chicken a name given him in token of his courage no sooner did he behold these than he trembled with excessive and although a good half mile distant he seized a that lay at hand and turning away his head fired it most in the face of the blessed sun the weapon and gave the an that laid him prostrate with uplifted heels in the bottom of the boat but such was the effect of tremendous fire that the wild men of the woods struck with consternation seized hastily upon their and shot away into one of the deep of the long island shore this signal victory gave new spirits to the hardy and in honour of the achievement they gave the name of the to the surrounding bay and it has continued to be called sap s bat from that time to the present the heart of the good van who no land of by history or his own was a great admirer of other people expanded at the prospect of rich un settled country around him and falling into a delicious reverie he straightway began to riot in the possession of vast meadows of salt marsh and interminable patches of from this vision he was all at once awakened by the sudden turning f the tide which would soon have hurried him from this land of promise had not the discreet n given signal to steer for shore where they accordingly landed hard by the rocky heights of that happy retreat where our jolly eat for the good of the city and the that are sacrificed on here seated on the green by the side of a small stream that ran sparkling among the grass they refreshed themselves after the toils of the seas by on the ample stores which they had provided for this perilous voyage thus having well fortified their powers they fell into an earnest consultation what was further to be done this was the first council dinner ever eaten at by christian and here as tradition relates did die great family between the and the which afterwards had a singular influence on the building of the city the sturdy whose eyes had been delighted with the salt that spread their by york along the coast at the bottom of bay hj all means to return thither and found the intended city this was opposed by the ten and many arguments passed between them the particulars of this have hot reached us which is ever to be lamented this much is certain that the sage put an end to the dispute by to explore still further in the route which the mysterious had so clearly pointed out whereupon the sturdy tough breeches abandoned the expedition took possession of a neighbouring hill and in a fit of great wrath peopled all that tract of country which has continued to be inhabited by unto this very day by this time the jolly like some wanton sporting on the side of a green hill began to roll down the of the heavens and now the tide having once more turned in their favour the resolute again committed themselves to its discretion and along the western shores were borne towards the of s island and here the capricious wanderings of the current occasioned not a marvel and perplexity to these illustrious now would be by the wanton and sweeping round a point would wind deep into some romantic that the r island of h by history of now were thej hurried narrowly by the very basis of impending rocks with the vine and crowned with groves that threw a broad shade on the waves beneath and anon they were borne away into the mid channel and along with a rapidity that very much the sage van who as he saw the land swiftly receding on either side began exceedingly to doubt that was giving them the slip wherever the turned their a new creation seemed to bloom around no signs of human appeared to check the delicious wild ness of nature who here in all her variety those hills now like the with rows of vain up start plants of wealth and fashion were then adorned with the vigorous natives of the soil hie oak the generous the graceful elm while here and there the tree reared his majestic head the ant of the forest p where now are seen the gay of luxury half buried in twilight whence the oft breathes the of some there the fish hawk built his solitary nest on some dry tree that overlooked his watery domain the timid deer fed undisturbed along those shores now by the lover s moonlight walk and printed by the slender foot of beauty and a savage | 48 |
solitude extended over those hap by ic new p regions where now are reared hie stately towers of the jones s the and the thus gliding in silent wonder through these new and unknown scenes the gallant of swept by the foot of a that forth boldly into the waves and seemed to frown upon them as they against its base this is the bluff well known to modem by the name of s point from the fair castle which like an elephant it carries upon its back and here broke upon their view a wild and varied prospect where land and water were as though they had combined to and set off each other s charms to their right lay the point of s island in the fresh of living it stretched the pleasant coast of and the small harbour well known by the name of s a place infamous in latter days by reason of its being the haunt of who these seas and patches and insulting gentlemen when in their pleasure boats to the left a deep bay or rather creek gracefully between shores fringed with forests and forming a kind of vista through which were beheld the regions of and here the eye with delight by history of on a richly wooded country by shadowy intervals and waving lines of up land swelling above each other while over the whole the purple mists of spring diffused a hue of soft just before them the grand course of the stream making a sudden bend wound among and shores of that seemed to melt into the wave a character of gentleness and mild prevailed around the sun had just descended and the thin haze of twilight like a transparent veil drawn over the bosom of virgin beauty heightened the charms which it half concealed ah scenes of foul delusion ah hi less gazing with simple wonder on these shores such alas are they poor easy souls who listen to the of a wicked world treacherous are its smiles fatal its cares he who to its upon a tide and his feeble bark among the of a and thus it with the of who little the scene before them drifted quietly on until they were aroused by an uncommon tossing and agitation of their vessels for now the late current began to around them and the waves to boil and foam fury awakened as if from a dream the by new york x astonished aloud to put about but his words were lost amid the roaring of the waters and now ensued a scene of consternation at one time they were borne with dreadful among tumultuous at another hurried down boisterous now they were dashed upon the hen and chickens infamous rocks more than and her and anon they seemed sinking into yawning that threatened to them beneath the waves all the elements combined to produce a hideous confusion the waters raged the winds howled and as they were hurried along several of the astonished beheld the rocks and trees of the neighbouring shores driving through the air at length the mighty tub of van was drawn into the of that tremendous called the pot where it was whirled about in giddy until the senses of the good commander and his crew were overpowered by the horror of the scene and the strangeness of the revolution how the gallant of was snatched from the jaws of this modern has never been truly made known for so many survived to tell the and what is still more wonder told it in so many different ways that there has ever prevailed a variety of opinions on e subject by history of as to tbe and his crew when they came to their senses they found themselves strand ed on the long island shore the worthy indeed used to relate many and wonderful stories of his adventures in this time of peril how that he saw flying in the air and heard the yelling of and put his hand into the pot when they were whirled around and found the water hot and beheld several uncouth looking beings seated on rocks and it with huge but particularly he declared with great exultation that he saw the which had betrayed them into this peril some on the and others in these however were considered by many as mere of the s imagination while he lay in a trance especially as he was known to be given to dreaming and the truth of them has never been clearly ascertained it is certain however that to the accounts of and his followers may be traced the various traditions handed down of this marvellous as how the devil has been seen there sitting of the s back and playing on the fiddle how he fish there before a many other stories in which we must be cautious of putting too much faith in consequence of all these terrific circumstances the commander gave this pass the name of or as it has been by new york interpreted gate which it continues to bear at the present day this is a narrow strait in the sound at the distance of six miles new york it is dangerous to shipping unless under the care of skilful by reason of numerous rocks and these have sundry such as s back pot and are very violent and turbulent at certain times of tide certain wise men who instruct these modern da have softened the above characteristic name into which means nothing i leave them to give their own the name as given by our author is sup by the map in s history published in by s of america as also by a still written in the century and to be found in s state papers and an old ms written in french speaking of various alterations in names about | 48 |
this ci de d ont d by s hi of chapter v the heroes of returned what wiser than they went and how the sage dreamed a dream and the dream that he dreamed the darkness of night had closed upon this disastrous day and a night was it to the whose ears were incessantly assailed with the raging of die elements and the howling of the that this strait but when the morning dawned the horrors of the preceding evening had passed away and had disappeared the stream again ran smooth and and having changed its tide rolled gently back towards the quarter where lay their much regretted home the wo heroes of eyed each other with countenances their had been totally dispersed by the late disaster some were cast upon the western shore where headed by one they took possession of all the country lying about die six mile stone which is held by the at this present writing by ic new york the were driven b j of weather to a distant where having with them a of genuine thej were enabled to the savages setting up a kind of tavern whence it is said did spring the fair town of in which their descendants have ever since continued to be as to the they were thrown upon the long island coast and may still be found in those parts but the most si luck attended the great ten who falling overboard was preserved from sinking by the multitude of his garments thus up he floated on the waves like a until he landed safely on a rock where he was found the next morning busily drying his many breeches in the sun shine i forbear to treat of the long consultation of our how determined that it would not do to found a city in this neighbour nd how at length with fear and trembling they ventured once more upon the element and their course back for suffice it in simple to say that after toiling back through the scenes of yesterday s voyage they at length opened the southern point of and gained a distant view of their beloved and here they were opposed by an obstinate that resisted all the efforts of the exhausted weary and they could no vol i m by s history of longer make head against the power of the tide or rather as some will hare it of old who anxious to guide to a spot whereon should be founded his strong hold in this western world sent half a score of potent that rolled the tub of van high and dry on the shores of having thus in a manner been guided by supernatural power to this delightful island their first care was to light a fire at the foot of a large tree that stood upon the point at present called the battery then gathering together great store of which on the shore and the contents o f their they prepared and made a council the worthy van was observed to be particularly zealous in his to the for having the cares of the expedition especially committed to his care he deemed it incumbent on him to eat profoundly for the public good in proportion as he filled himself to the very brim with the dainty before him did the heart of this excellent rise up towards his throat until he seemed crammed and almost choked with good eating and good nature and at such times it is when a man s heart is in his throat that he may more truly be said to speak from it and his speeches abound with kindness and good fellowship thus the worthy having swallowed the last possible morsel and washed it down with a fervent by n w york s felt hi heart yearning and his whole frame in a manner with unbounded benevolence every thing around him seemed excellent and and laying his hands on each side of his and rolling his half closed eyes around on the beautiful of land and water before him he exclaimed in a t half smothered voice what a charming prospect the words died away in his tc seemed to on the fair scene for a moment eye heavily closed over their ii head drooped upon his he slowly sunk upon the green turf and a deep sleep stole gradually upon him and the sage dreamed a ind lo the good st came riding over the tops of the trees in that self same wagon wherein he brings his yearly presents to children and he came and descended hard by where the of had made late and the shrewd van knew him by his broad hat his long pipe and the resemblance which he bore to the figure on the bow of the and he lit his pipe by the fire and sat himself down and smoked and as he smoked the smoke from his pipe ascended into the air and spread like a cloud over head and him and he hastened and climbed up to the top of one of the trees and saw that the smoke spread over a great extent of country and as he considered it by history of more he fancied that the great volume of smoke a of marvellous forms where in dim obscurity he saw and and lofty all which lasted but a moment and faded away until the whole rolled off and nothing but tiie green woods were left and when st had smoked his pipe he twisted it in his hat band and laying his finger beside his nose gave the astonished van a very significant look then mounting his wagon he returned over the tree tops and disappeared and van awoke from his sleep greatly instructed and he aroused his companions and related to them his dream and interpreted it that it was the will of st tiiat | 48 |
they should settle down and build the city here and that the smoke of the pipe was a type how vast should be the extent of tiie city inasmuch as the volumes of its smoke should spread over a wide extent of country and they all with one voice assented to interpretation excepting ten who declared the meaning to be that it should be a city wherein a little fire should occasion a great smoke or in other words a very little city both which have strangely came to pass the great object of their perilous expedition therefore being thus happily accomplished the returned merrily to where by new s were received with great and here calling a general meeting of all the wise men and the of the j related the whole history of their voyage and of the dream of van and the people lifted up their and blessed ihe good st and from that time forth the sage van was held in more honour than ever for his great talent at dreaming and was pronounced a most useful and a right good when he was asleep m by t of chapter vi containing an attempt at nd of the of the great city of new the name of the island wherein the of was thus thrown is a matter of some dispute and has already undergone considerable a melancholy proof of the of all things and the vanity of all our hopes of lasting fame for who can expect his name will live to posterity when even the names of mighty islands are soon lost in contradiction and uncertainty the name most current at the present day and which is likewise by the great historian is which is said to have originated in a custom among the in the early settlement of wearing men s hats as is still done among many tribes hence as we are told by an old governor who was somewhat of a wag and flourished almost a century since and had paid a visit to the wits of philadelphia hence arose the of man hat on first given to the indians and afterwards to the island a stupid joke ut well enough for a governor york s among the more venerable sources of information on this subject is that valuable history of the american possessions written bj master in wherein it is called and nor must i forget the excellent book full of precious matter of that historian john g nt who expressly calls it another still more ancient and by the countenance of our ever to be lamented dutch ancestors is that found in certain letters still which passed between the early and their neighbouring powers wherein it is called and which are evidently unimportant variations of the same name for our wise forefathers sat little store by those either in or which form the sole study and ambition of many learned men and women of this age this last name is said to be derived from the great indian spirit who was supposed to make this island his favourite abode on account of its uncommon delights for the indian traditions affirm that the bay was once a lake filled with silver and golden fish in the midst of which lay this beautiful island covered with every variety of fruits and flowers but that the sudden of the a col by history of laid waste scenes and took his flight beyond the great waters of these however are legends to which ery cautious must be given and although i am willing to admit the last quoted ff tiie name as very suitable for prose yet is there another one founded on still more ancient and authority which i particularly delight in seeing that it is at once poetical melodious and and this is recorded in the before mentioned voyage of the great written by master who clearly and correctly calls it that is to say the island of or in a land flowing with and honey it having been solemnly resolved that e seat of empire should be transferred from the green shores of to this island a vast multitude embarked and across the of die under the guidance of the who was appointed protector or to tiie new settlement and here let me bear testimony to ihe honesty and of our who purchased the soil of the native indians before a single roof a circumstance singular and almost incredible in the annals of discovery and by new the i was made on the point of the island on the very spot where the good st had appeared in the dream here j built a mi ty and fort and house called fort which stood on that eminence at present occupied by the custom house with the open space now called the green in front around this potent fortress was soon seen a of little dutch houses with roofs all which seemed most lovingly to under its walls like a brood of half chickens sheltered under the wings of the mother hen the whole was surrounded by an of strong to guard against any sudden of the savages who wandered in about the and forests that extended over those tracts of country at present called william street and pearl street no sooner was the colony once planted than it took root and for it would seem that this thrice favoured island is like a where every foreign weed finds kindly nourishment and soon shoots up and to greatness and now the infant settlement having advanced in age and stature it was thought high time it should receive an honest christian name and it was accordingly called new it is e there were some for the original in by i d and many of the best writers of the province did long continue to call it bj the title of the but this was | 48 |
by the authorities as being and savage besides it was considered an excellent and measure to name it after a great city of the old world as by that means it was induced to the greatness and renown of its in the manner that little are called after great saints and and renowned of upon which they all copy their examples and come to be very mighty men in their day and generation the state of the settlement and the rapid increase of houses gradually awakened the good from a deep into which he had fallen after the building of the fort he now began to think it was time some plan should be devised on which the increasing town should be built therefore his and together they took pipe in mouth and sunk into a very sound deliberation on the subject at the very outset of the business an unexpected difference of opinion arose and i mention it with much as being the first on record in the of new it was a breaking forth of the grudge and that had existed between those two eminent and ever since their unhappy on the coast of by new york the great had wealthy and powerful from his which embraced the whole chain of mountains that stretch along the gulf of s bay and from part of which his descendants have been in latter ages by e powerful of the jones s and the an ingenious plan for the city was offered by who proposed that it should be cut up and by after manner of the most admired cities in holland to this was opposed suggesting in place thereof that they should run out and by means of driven into the bottom of the river on which the town should be built by these means said he triumphantly shall we rescue a considerable space of territory from these immense rivers and build a city tiiat shall rival or any city in europe to this proposition ten or ten breeches replied with a look of as much scorn as he could possibly assume he cast the utmost censure upon the plan of his as being preposterous and against the very order of things as he would leave to every true for what said he is a town without it is like a body without veins and and must perish for want of a free circulation of the vital tough breeches on the contrary retorted a sarcasm upon his by ov who was somewhat of an arid dry ha bit he remarked that as to the circulation of the blood being necessary to existence ten breeches was a living contradiction to his own assertion for every body knew there had not a drop of blood through his wind dried for good ten years and yet there was not a greater busy body in the whole colony have seldom much effect in making in nor have i ever seen a man convinced of error by convicted of at least such was not the case at present t i breeches was very in reply and tou breeches who was a sturdy little man never gave up the last word rejoined with increasing ten breeches had the advantage of the greatest but tough breeches had that invaluable coat of mail in argument called ten breeches had therefore the most but tough breeches the best o that though ten breeches made a dreadful about his ears and battered and him with hard words and sound arguments yet tough breeches hung on most resolutely to the last they parted therefore as is usual in all arguments where both parties are in ihe ri t without coming to any conclusion they hated each other most heartily for ever after a similar breach with that between he houses of and did be by new york the of ten breeches and tough breeches i would not fatigue mj reader wi these dull matters of fact but that my duty as a faithful historian requires that i should be and in truth as i am now treating of the period when our city like a young first received the and turns that have since contributed to give it the present picturesque for which it is celebrated i cannot be too minute in their first causes after the y i have just mentioned i do not any thing further was said on the subject of being recorded the council consisting of the largest and oldest heads in the community met regularly once a week to on this momentous subject but either they were by the war of words they had witnessed or they were naturally averse to the exercise of the tongue and the consequent exercise of the it is the most profound silence was maintained e question as usual lay on the the members quietly smoked their pipes making but few laws without ever any and in the mean time the affairs of the settlement went on as it pleased god as most of the council were but skilled in the mystery of pot hooks and they determined most not to puzzle either themselves or posterity re vol i n by history of the secretary however kept the of the council with tolerable precision in a large fastened with brass the journal of each meeting consisted but of two lines stating in dutch that the council sat this day and smoked twelve pipes on the affairs ii the colony by which it appears that the first did not time by hours but pipes in the same manner as they measure distances in holland at this very time an admirably exact as a pipe in the mouth of a bom is never liable r o those accidents and that are putting our out of order in this manner did the profound council of new smoke and and from week to week month to | 48 |
month and year to year in what manner they should their infant while the town took care of and like a sturdy which is suffered to run about wild by and and other by which your notable nurses and sage old women and the children of men increased so rapidly in strength and magnitude that before the honest had determined upon a plan it was too late to put it in whereupon they wisely abandoned the subject altogether by new york chapter the city of great under the protection of the u exceedingly in looking through the long vista of departed years and catching a glimpse of the fairy of antiquity that a beyond like some goodly landscape melting into distance they receive a thousand charms from their very obscurity and hie fancy delights to fill up their outlines graces and of its own creation thus beam on my imagination those happier days of our city when as yet new was a mere town in groves of and surrounded by forests and wide spreading waters that seemed to shut out all the cares and of a wicked world in those days did this city present the rare and noble spectacle of a community governed without laws thus being left to its own course and the care of providence increased as rapidly as it had been with a dozen full of those sage laws that are usually heaped on the backs of young cities order to make them grow and in this particular i great by history of j admire the i and sound knowledge of human nature displayed by the sage the and his fellow for my part i have not so bad an opinion of mankind as many of my brother philosophers i do not think poor human nature so sorry a piece of aa they would make it out to be and as far as i have observed i am fully satisfied that man if left to himself would about as readily go right as wrong it is only this sounding in his ears that it is his duty to go right that makes him go the very reverse the noble independence of his nature at this intolerable of law md l e perpetual interference of morality which is ever his path with finger posts and directions to keep to the right as the law and like a spirited he turns directly contrary and through mud and mire over hedges and merely to show that he is a lad of spirit and out of his leading strings and these opinions are amply by what i have above said of our worthy ancestors who never being be preached and be and guided and governed by and laws and bye laws as are more enlightened descendants did one and all themselves honestly and out of pure ignorance or in other they knew no better nor must i omit to record one of the earliest measures of this infant settlement inasmuch as it by york shows the piety of our forefathers and that like good christians they were always ready to serve god after they had first served thus having quietly settled themselves down and provided for own comfort they themselves of their gratitude to the great and good st for his protecting care in guiding to this abode to this end they built a fair and goodly chapel within the fort which they consecrated to his name whereupon he immediately took the town of new under his peculiar patronage and he has even since been and i devoutly hope will ever be the saint of this excellent city i am moreover told that there is a little book somewhere written in low dutch which says that the image of this renowned saint which the of the wa elevated in front of this chapel in the very centre of what in modern days is called the green and the legend further treats of divers miracles wrought by the mighty pipe which the saint held in his mouth a of which was a sovereign cure for an n invaluable in this colony of brave as however in spite of the most search i cannot lay my hands upon this little book i must confess that i entertain considerable doubt on the subject n by history of thus bj the st the of new beheld their settlement increase in magnitude and population and soon become tiie metropolis of divers settle ments and an extensive territory already had the disastrous pride of colonies and those of a sound hearted empire entered in to their and fort on the fort on the and fort on the river seemed to he the darling offspring ai the venerable council thus to all appearance did the province of new advance in power and die early history of its metropolis presents a fair page by crime or calamity of painted savages still about the tangled forests and rich of the unsettled part of the island the hunter pitched his rude tbe province about this time extended on the north to or orange now the city of situated about miles up the river indeed the claimed quite to the river t but this claim was not much insisted on at the time as the country beyond fort was a perfect wilderness on the south the province reached to fort on tbe south river since called the and on the east it extended to the or fresh river now the on this last frontier was likewise erected a fort and trading house much about the spot where at present is situated the pleasant town of this was called fort or good hope and was intended as well for the purpose of j as of by york k of skins and bark beside the that ran through the cool and shady while here and there might be seen on some sunny a group of indian whose smoke arose above | 48 |
the neighbouring trees and floated in the transparent atmosphere bj degrees a mutual had grown up between these wandering beings and ike of new our benevolent forefathers endeavoured as much as possible to their situation bj giving them gin rum and glass beads in exchange for their for it seems the kind hearted had conceived a great friendship for their savage neighbours on account of their being pleasant men to trade with and little skilled in the art of making a bargain now and then a crew of these half human sons of the forest would make their appearance in the streets of new painted and decorated with beads and feathers about with an air of indifference sometimes in the market place the little dutch boys in the use of the bow and arrow at other times with liquor and and yelling about the town like so many to the great dismay of all the good wives who would hurry their children into the house fasten the doors and throw water upon the enemy from the garret windows it is worthy of mention here that our forefathers were very par by s of in holding up these wild men as excellent domestic examples and for reasons that may be gathered from the history of master who tells us that for die least offence the bridegroom soundly beats his wife and turns her out of doors and another that some of have every year a new wife whether this awful example had any influence or not history does not mention but it is certain that our were miracles of fidelity and obedience true it is that the good understanding between our ancestors and their savage neighbours was liable to occasional and i have heard my grandmother who was a very wise woman and well in the history of these parts tell a long story of a winter s evening about a battle between the new and the indians which was known by the name of the and which took place near a orchard in a dark which for a long while went by the name of murderer s valley the legend of this war was long current among the nurses old wives and other of the place but time and improvement have almost both the tradition and the scene of battle for what was once tiie blood stained valley is now in the centre of this city and known by the name of street the wealth and consequence of new and its at length by awakened the tender solicitude of the try who finding it a and colony and that it promised to yield great profit and no trouble all at once became wonderfully anxious about its safety and began to load it with tokens of regard in the same manner that your knowing people are sure to rich relations with and loving kindness the usual marks of protection shown by mother countries to wealthy colonies were forthwith ihe first care always being to send rulers to the new settlement with orders to squeeze as much from it as it will yield accordingly in the year of our lord van was appointed governor of the province of under the commission and control of their high the lords states general of the united and the privileged west india company this renowned old gentleman arrived at new in the merry month of june the sweetest month in all the year when dan seems to dance up the transparent when the robin the and a thousand other wanton make the woods to with and the luxurious little among the blossoms of the all which happy coincidence persuaded the old of new who were skilled by x history of new york the art of events that this was to be a happy and prosperous administration but as it would be to the consequence of the first dutch governor of the great province of to be thus introduced at the end of a chapter i will put end to this second book of my history tiiat i may him in with more dignity in the beginning of my next of i by ik which is the golden ov van chapter l van hi i likewise his w in the law ease of a id and the great admiration of grievous and very much to be k the task of the feeling historian who writes the history of his native land if it fall to his lot to be the sad of calamity or crime the mournful page is watered with his nor can he recall the most prosperous and era without a melancholy sigh at the reflection that it has passed away for ever i know not whether it be owing to an love for the simplicity of former times or to that certain tenderness of heart incident to all sentimental but i candidly confess that i cannot look back on the by history of happier days of our city which i now describe a sad of the spirits with a hand do i withdraw the curtain of oblivion that the merit of our venerable ancestors and as their figures rise to my mental vision humble myself before the mighty shades such are my feelings when i the family mansion of the and spend a lonely hour in the chamber where hang the portraits of my forefathers in dust like the forms they represent with pious reverence do i gaze on the countenances of those renowned who have preceded me in the steady march of whose sober and temperate blood now through my veins flowing slower and slower in its feeble until its current shall soon be stopped for ever these say i to myself are but frail of the mighty men who flourished in the days of the but who alas have long since in that tomb towards which my steps are and irresistibly hastening as i pace the darkened | 48 |
chamber and lose myself in melancholy the shadowy images around me almost seem to steal once more into their countenances to assume the animation of life their eyes to pursue me in every carried away by tiie of fancy i almost imagine myself surrounded by the shades of the departed and holding sweet converse with the new york of antiquity ah born in a age abandoned to the of fortune a stranger and a weary pilgrim in thy native land with no weeping wife nor family of helpless children but doomed to wander neglected through those crowded streets and by foreign from those fair where once thine ancestors held sovereign empire let me not however lose the historian in the man nor suffer the recollections of age to overcome me while dwelling with fond on the virtuous days of the on those sweet days of simplicity and ease which never more will dawn on the lovely island of the renowned or walter van was descended from a long line of dutch who had away their lives and grown fat upon the bench of in and who had themselves with such singular wisdom and propriety that they were never either heard or talked of which next to being universally applauded should be the object of ambition of all sa e and rulers his of is said to be a corruption of th original which in english means a name admirably descriptive of his habits for though he was a man shut up within himself like an and of such a turn that he scarcely ever vol i o by history of spoke except in jet did he never make up his mind on doubtful point this was j accounted for bj his who affirmed that he always conceived every subject on so comprehensive a scale that he had not room in his head to turn it over and examine both sides of it so that he always remained in doubt merely in consequence of die astonishing magnitude of his ideas there are two opposite ways by which some men get into one by talking a vast deal and thinking a little and the other by holding their tongues and not thinking at all by the first many a superficial the reputation of a man of quick by the other many a vacant like the owl the of birds comes to be by a world with all the attributes of wisdom this l y the way is a mere casual remark which i would not for ihe universe have it thought i apply to governor van on the contrary he was a very wise for he never said a foolish and of such invincible gravity that he was never known to laugh or even to smile through the course of a long and prosperous life certain however it is there never was a matter proposed however simple and on which your common narrow minded mortals would determine at the first glance but what the renowned put on a mighty mysterious vacant kind of look by ic new york shook his head and having smoked for five minutes with earnestness observed that he had his doubts about the matters which in process of time gained him the character of a man slow of belief and not imposed on the person of this illustrious old gentleman was as regularly formed and nobly as though it had been by the hands of some cunning dutch as a model of majesty and grandeur he was exactly five feet six inches in height and six feet five inches in his head was a perfect sphere and of such dimensions that e nature with all her sex s ingenuity would have been puzzled to a neck capable of supporting it wherefore she wisely declined the attempt and it firmly on the top of his back bone just between the shoulders his body was of an form particularly at bottom which was wisely ordered by providence seeing he was a man of habits and very averse to ih his legs though exceeding short were sturdy in proportion to the weight they had to sustain so that when erect he had not a little the appearance of a beer barrel standing on his face that index of the mind presented a vast expanse perfectly or by any of those lines and angles which the hu by history of man countenance with what is termed expression two small gray eyes feebly in the midst like two stars of lesser magnitude in a and his full fed cheeks which seemed to have taken toll of every thing that went into his mouth were curiously and with dusky red like a apple his habits were as regular as his person he daily took his four stated meals exactly an hour to each he smoked and doubted eight hours and he slept the remaining twelve of the four and twenty such was the renowned van a true philosopher for his mind was either elevated above or settled below the cares and of this world he had lived in it for years without feeling the least curiosity to know whether the sun round it or it round the sun and he had watched for at least half a century the smoke curling from his pipe to the ceiling without once troubling his head with any of those numerous theories by which a philosopher would have perplexed his brain in for its rising above the surrounding at in his council he presided with great state and solemnity he sat in a huge chair of solid oak in the celebrated forest of the by an experienced of and curiously carved about the arms and feet into exact of gigantic claws by york instead of a he swayed a long pipe wrought with and which had been presented to a of holland at the conclusion of a treaty with one of the | 48 |
petty powers in this stately chair would he sit and this magnificent pipe would he smoke shaking his right knee with a constant motion and fixing his eye for hours together upon a little print of which hung in a black frame against the opposite wall of the council chamber nay it has even been said that when any deliberation of extraordinary and was on the carpet the renowned would absolutely shut his eyes for full two hours at a time that he might not be disturbed by external nd at such times the internal commotion of his mind was evinced by certain regular sounds which his admirers declared were merely the noise of conflict made by his doubts and opinions it is with infinite difficulty i have been enabled to collect these anecdotes of the great man under consideration the respecting him were so scattered and vague and divers of hem so questionable in point of that i have had to give up the search after many and decline the admission of more which would have tended to the of bis trait o by history of i have been more anxious to the person and habits of the renowned van from the consideration that he was not only the first but also the best governor that ever presided over this ancient and respectable province and so tranquil and benevolent was his reign that i do not find throughout the whole of it a single instance of any ofi being brought to punishment a most sign of a merciful and a case excepting in the reign of the illustrious king log from whom it is hinted the renowned van was a the very outset of the career of this excellent magistrate was dis by an example of legal that gave flattering of a wise and administration the morning after he had been solemnly in office and at the moment that he was making his breakfast from a prodigious dish filled with milk and indian he was suddenly interrupted by the appearance of one a very important old of new who complained bitterly of one inasmuch as he refused to come to a settlement of accounts seeing that there was a heavy balance in favour of the said governor van as i have already observed was a man of few words he was likewise a mortal enemy to writings or being disturbed at his by york breakfast having listened attentively to the statement of giving an occasional as he a of indian into his mouth either as a sign that he the dish or comprehended the ie called unto him his and pulling out of his breeches pocket a huge jack knife despatched it after the as a summons accompanied by his tobacco box as a warrant this summary process was as effectual in those simple days as was the seal ring of the great among the true the two parties being confronted before him each produced a book of accounts written in a language and character that would have puzzled any but a hi dutch or a learned of egyptian to understand the sage took them one after the other and having poised them in his hands and attentively counted over the number of leaves fell straightway into a very great doubt and smoked for half an hour without saying a word at length laying his finger beside his nose and shutting his eyes for a moment with the air of a man who has just caught a idea by the tail he slowly took his pipe from his mouth puffed forth a column of tobacco smoke and marvellous gravity and solemnity that having counted over the leaves and weighed the books it was found that ne was just as thick and as heavy as the other by history therefore it was the final opinion of the court that the accounts were equally balanced therefore should give a receipt and should give a and the should pay the costs this decision being straightway made known diffused general joy throughout new for the people immediately perceived that they had a very wise and magistrate to rule over them but its happiest effect was that not another law suit took place throughout the whole of his and the office of fell into such decay that there was not one of those known in the province for many years i am the more particular in dwelling on this transaction not only because i deem it one of the most sage and righteous judgments on record and well worthy the attention of modem but because it was a miraculous event in the history of the renowned being the only time he was ever known to come to a decision in the whole course of his life by york chapter ii containing some account of the grand council of as divers especial good philosophical reasons why an should with other particulars touching the state of the province in treating of the early of the pro i must caution my readers against them in point of dignity and power with those worthy who are in this enlightened a set of unhappy victims of popularity who are in fact the most hen beings in the community doomed to bear the secret and of their own party and the and of the whole world beside set up like at christmas to be and shot at by every and vagabond in th land on the contrary the dutch enjoyed that authority in all of distant colonies or they were in a manner absolute in their it if so disposed over both law and gospel and to none but the mother country which it is well known is by ic history of deaf to all complaints against its provided they e the main duty of their out a good this hint will be of importance to prevent mj readers | 48 |
from being seized with doubt and incredulity whenever in the course of this history they encounter the uncommon circumstance of a governor acting with independence and in opposition to the opinions of the multitude to assist the doubtful in the business of a board of was appointed which presided immediately over the police this potent body consisted of a or with powers between those of the p mayor and five who were equivalent to and five who as or bottle to the in the same manner as do assistant to their at the present day it being their duty to fill the pipes of the hunt the for for dinners and to discharge such other little offices of kindness as were occasionally required it was moreover understood though not that they should consider themselves as for the blunt wits of the and should laugh most heartily at all their jokes but this last was a duty as rarely called in action in those days as it is at present and was shortly in by of the death of a fat little who actually died of in an effort to force a laugh at one of van s best jokes in return for these humble services they were permitted to say yes at the council board and to have that privilege the run of the public being graciously permitted to eat and drink and smoke at all snug and public for which the ancient were equally famous with their modem the post of therefore like that of assistant was eagerly by all your of a certain description who have a huge relish for good feeding and an humble ambition to be great men in a small way who thirst after a little brief authority that shall render them the terror of the house and the that hall enable them to lord it over poverty vice outcast and hunger driven that shall give to their a hound like pack of catch poles and bum greater than the they hunt down my readers will excuse this sudden warmth which i confess is of a grave historian but i have a mortal to catch poles bum and little great men the ancient of this city with those of the present time no less in form history of magnitude and intellect than in and privilege the like our were generally chosen by and not the weight of the body but likewise the weight of the head it is a practically observed in all honest plain thinking regular cities that an should be fat and the wisdom of this can be proved to a certainty that the body is in measure an image of tiie mind or rather that the mind is to the body like melted lead to the clay in which it is cast has been insisted on by many philosophers who have made human nature their peculiar study for as a learned gentleman of our own city there is a constant relation between the moral character of all intelligent creatures and their physical constitution between their habits and the structure of their bodies thus we see that a lean spare body is accompanied by a restless either the mind wears down the body by its continual motion or else the body not affording the mind sufficient house room keeps it continually in a state of tossing and worrying about from the uneasiness of its situation whereas your round sleek fat is ever attended by a mind like itself tranquil and at ease and we may always observe that your well fed are in general very of their ease and comfort being great enemies to by york noise discord and disturbance and surely none are more likely to study the public tranquillity than those who are so careful of their who ever hears of fat men heading a riot or together in turbulent it is your lean hungry men who are continually worrying society and setting the whole community by the ears the divine whose doctrines are not sufficiently attended to by philosophers of the present age allows to every man three one immortal and rational seated in the brain that it may overlook and the body a second consisting of the surly and passions which like powers lie around the heart a third mortal and destitute of reason gross and brutal in its and in the belly that it may not disturb the divine soul by its now according to this excellent theory what can be more clear than that your fat is most likely to have the most regular and well mind his head is like a huge chamber containing a prodigious mass of soft brains whereon the rational soul lies softly and as on a feather bed and the eyes which are the windows of the bed chamber are usually half closed that its may not be disturbed by external objects a mind thus comfortably lodged and protected from disturbance is most vol i p by history of likely to perform its functions with regularity and ease by dint of good feeding moreover the mortal and malignant soul which is confined in the i belly and which by its raging and roaring puts the irritable soul in the neighbourhood of the heart in an intolerable passion and thus renders men and when hungry is completely silenced and put to rest whereupon a host of honest good fellow qualities and kind hearted affections which had lain peeping out of the holes of the heart finding this asleep do pluck up their spirits turn out one and all in their suits and up and down the their possessor to laughter good humour and a thousand friendly offices towards his fellow mortals as a board of formed on this model think but very little they are the less likely to differ and about favourite opinions | 48 |
and as they generally business upon a hearty dinner they are naturally disposed to be and indulgent in the administration of their duties was conscious of this and therefore a pitiful measure for which i can never forgive him ordered in his that no judge should hold a court of justice except in the morning on an empty stomach a rule which i warrant bore hard upon all the poor in his kingdom the more enlightened and humane generation of the present day have taken an op by new york ave so managed that the are the best fed men in the community on the fat things of the land and so heartily and that in process of time they acquire the activity of the one and the form ihe and the green fat of the other the consequence is as i have just said these luxurious do produce such a and repose of the soul rational and that their transactions are for monotony and the profound laws which they in their moments amid the labours of are quietly suffered to remain as dead letters and never enforced when awake in a word your fair round like a full fed quietly at the house door always at home and always at hand to watch over its but as to a lean candidate to the office as has now and then been done i would as leave put a to watch the house or a race horse to drag an ox wagon the then as i have already mentioned were wisely chosen by weight and the or assistant were appointed to attend upon them and help them eat but the latter in the course of time when they had been fed and into sufficient bulk of body and of brain became very eligible for the chairs having fairly eaten them by history of selves into office as a mouse eats his way into a comfortable in a goodly blue d milk new england cheese nothing could equal the profound that took place between the renowned and these his worthy unless it be the sage of some of our modern they would sit for hours smoking and over public affairs without speaking a word to interrupt that perfect stillness so necessary to deep under the sober sway of van and these his worthy the infant settlement vigorous gradually emerging from the and forests and exhibiting that mingled appearance of town and country customary in new cities and which at this day may be witnessed in the city of washington that immense metropolis which makes so glorious an appearance on paper it was a pleasing sight in those times to behold the honest like a of seated on the bench at the door of his white washed house under the shade of some gigantic or over hanging willow here would he smoke his pipe of a afternoon enjoying the soft southern breeze and listening with silent to the of his the of his and the of his swine that combination of farm yard melody which may truly be said to have a silver sound inasmuch as by york it a certain of profitable the modern spectator who through e streets of this city can scarcely form an idea of the different appearance thej presented in the primitive days of the the busy hum of multitudes the shouts of the of fashion the rattling of accursed carts and all the spirit sounds of commerce were unknown in the settlement of new the grass grew quietly in the high the and about the ridge where now the take their morning stroll the cunning fox or wolf in the woods where now are to be seen the of and his righteous of money and flocks of about the fields where now the great and the tavern of echo with the of the mob in these good times did a true and equality of rank and property prevail equally removed from the of wealth and the se and of poverty and what in my mind is still more to and harmony among friends a happy v of intellect was likewise to be seen the minds of the good of new seemed all to have been cast in one mould and p by history of to be those honest blunt minds which like are made bj the gross and considered as exceedingly good for common use thus it happens that true dull minds are generally preferred for public employ and especially promoted to city honours your keen like being considered too sharp for common service i know that it is common to rail at tiie unequal distribution of riches as the great source of and whereas for my part i verily believe it is the sad of intellect that that more than any thing else and i have remarked that your knowing people who are so much wiser than any body else are keeping society in a happily for new nothing of the kind was known within its the very words of learning education taste and talents were unheard of a bright genius s an animal unknown and a blue lady would have been regarded with as much wonder as a or a fiery no in fact seemed to know more than his nor any man to know more than an honest man ought to know who has nobody s business to mind but his own the parson and the council clerk were the only men that could read in the community and the sage van always signed his name with a by new york thrice happy and ever to be envied little existing in all the security of harmless unnoticed and by the world without ambition without vain glory without riches without learning and all their train of cares and as of in the better days of man the were wont to visit him on earth and bless his | 48 |
the end which was of small black and yellow dutch bricks and always faced on the street as our ancestors like their descendants were very much given to outward show and were noted for putting the best leg foremost the house was always furnished with abundance of large doors and small windows on every floor the date of its was curiously by iron figures on the front and on tiie top of the roof was perched a fierce little weather cock to let the family into the important secret which way the wind blew these like the weather on the tops of our pointed so many different ways that every man could have a wind to his mind the most and loyal citizens however always went according to the weather cock on the top of the governor s house which was certainly the most correct as he had a servant employed every morning to climb up and set it to the right quarter in those good days of simplicity and sunshine a passion for cleanliness was the leading principle in domestic economy and the universal test of an able a character which formed the utmost ambition of our by to k the front door was never opened except on marriages new days the festival of st or some great occasion it was ornamented with a gorgeous brass curiously wrought sometimes in the device of a d and sometimes of a lion s head and was daily with such religious zeal that it was oft times worn out by the very precautions taken for its preservation the whole house was constantly in a state of under the discipline of and and and the good of those days were a kind of animal exceedingly to be in that an historian of the day gravely tells us that many of his grew to have fingers like unto a duck and some of them he had little doubt could the matter be examined into would be found to have the tails of but this i look upon to be a mere sport of fancy or what is worse a wilful the grand parlour was the where the for cleaning was indulged without control in this sacred apartment no one was permitted to enter excepting the mistress and her confidential maid who visited it once a week for the purpose of giving it a thorough cleaning and putting things to ways taking the precaution of leaving shoes at the door and entering on their vol i q by history of feet hie floor it k fine sand which was into and and with after washing the windows and the furniture and putting a new bunch of in the fire place the window shutters were closed to keep out the flies room k up until tiie of time brought round the weekly cleaning as to the family they always entered in at the gate and most j in the to have seen n numerous household assembled around the fire one would have imagined that he was transported back to those happy days of simplicity which float before our like golden visions the fire places of a truly magnitude where the whole family old and young master and servant and white nay even the very cat and dog enjoyed a community of privilege and had each a right to a corner here the old would in perfect silence puffing his pipe looking in the fire with half shut eyes and thinking of nothing for hours tc ther the on the opposite side would employ herself diligently in or knitting stockings the young folks would crowd around the listening attention to some old of a n ro who was tiie of the and who like a in a corner of the chimney would by n w forth for a long winter afternoon a string of incredible stories about new england ghosts horses without and escapes and bloody among the in those happy days a well regulated always rose the dawn dined at eleven and went to bed at sun down dinner was invariably a private and the fat old showed symptoms of and uneasiness at be ag surprised by a visit from a neighbour on such occasions but thou i our worthy ancestors were singularly averse dinners yet th y kept up the social bands of intimacy occasional called tea parties these p were generally to the higher classes or that is to as kept their own cows and drove their own the company commonly assembled at three o clock and went away ax unless it was in winter time when the fashionable hours a little earlier that the ladies might get home before dark the tea table was crowned with a dish well stored with of fat pork i cut up into and swimming in l e company being seated around the genial board and each furnished with a evinced their dexterity in i i the pieces in this mighty dish in much the same manner as sailors at sea or our indians spear by ic b history of salmon in the lakes sometimes the table was with immense apple or foil of preserved and but it was always sure to boast an en of balls of in s fat and called nuts or a delicious kind of cake at present scarce known in this j excepting in ge dutch families i the tea was out of a majestic ornamented with of fat little dutch and tending pigs with boats sailing in the air and houses built in the clouds and sundry other ingenious dutch the distinguished themselves by their in this pot from a huge copper tea kettle which would have made the days sweat merely to look at il to the a lump of sugar was laid beside each cup and the company alternately and with great until an improvement was introduced by a and | 48 |
old lady which was to a large lump directly over the tea table by a string from the ceiling so that it could be swung from mouth to an ingenious expedient which is still kept up by some families in but which without exception in flat bush and all our dutch villages by al m parties ae utmost of no no of old ladies nor and of young ones no self of gentlemen in pockets war amusing and monkey of smart young gentlemen with no in at all on the contrary the young ladies seated in their rush chairs and knit own stockings nor ever opened their lips excepting to or to any question that was asked them in all things like decent well educated as gentlemen each of them smoked his pipe and seemed lost in contemplation of the blue and white with which the fire places were decorated wherein sundry passages of scripture were and his dog figured to great advantage swung on his and appeared most out of the whale like through a barrel of fire the parties broke up without noise and confusion they were carried home by their own carriages tiiat is to say by the nature hair provided them excepting such of the wealthy as could afford to keep a wagon the gentlemen attended their ones to their respective and took leave of them with a hearty q by at the which as it was aa piece of etiquette done in perfect and honesty of heart occasioned no scandal at that time nor should it at the present if our great approved of tiie custom it would a great want of reverence in their to say a word it by new york ist chapter iv er particulars of the and constituted a fine lady and in tke days of tke in this period of my lu when the island of presented a scene the very of those glowing pictures drawn of the golden reign of there as i have before observed a happy ignorance an honest simplicity among its inhabitants which were i even able to would be but little understood by the d age for which lam doomed to write even the female those arch upon the tranquillity the honesty and gray beard customs of society seemed for a while to conduct themselves with incredible and their hair by the of art was back from with a candle and covered with a little j cap of which fitted exactly to ihe r heads their of were striped with a variety of gorgeous though i must confess these gallant garments were rather short scarce reaching below the knee but then by ic ui t t of they made up in the i which generally equalled that of the gentlemen s small clothes and what is still more praise worthy they were all of their own of which circumstance as may well be supposed they were not a little ain these were the honest days in wo man staid at home read the bible and wore ay and that too of a goodly size fashioned with patch work into many curious devices and worn on ae these in fact were where all good carefully stored away such things as they wished to hare at band by which means they often came to be nd i r there was a story current when i was a that the lady of van once had to empty her right pocket in search a wooden and the was lying some rubbish in one comer but we not too much faith to all these stories the anecdotes of those remote periods being very subject to exaggeration these notable pockets they likewise i wore and suspended by red or among the more and classes by brass and even silver tokens pf and industrious i cannot say much in of the of the it by new doubtless was introduced for the purpose of the stockings a chance to be seen which were generally of with magnificent red or perhaps to display a well turned ankle and a though serviceable foot set off by a high shoe with large and splendid silver thus we find that the gentle sex in all ages have shown the same disposition i to a little upon the laws of decorum in order to betray a lurking beauty or gratify an in love of finery from the sketch here given it will be seen that our good differed considerably in their ideas of a fine figure from their dressed descendants of the day a fine r lady in times under more clothes even on a fair summer s day than would have clad the whole of a modern ball room nor were they the less admired by the gentlemen in consequence thereof on the contrary the great ness of a lover s passion seemed to increase proportion to the magnitude of its and a arrayed in a dozen of was declared by a low dutch of the province to be radiant as a and luxuriant as a full blown certain it is i that in those days the heart of a lover could not i contain more than one lady at a time whereas the heart of a modern gallant has often room enough to accommodate half a dozen the reason of by of which i to be either the of the gentlemen have grown larger or the of the ladies however is for to determine but there was a secret charm in these which no doubt entered into the consideration of the the wardrobe of a lady was in those days her only fortune and she who had a good stock of and stockings was as absolutely an as is a with a store of bear skins or a with a plenty of rein dew the ladies therefore yery anxious to these attractions to the greatest advantage and the | 48 |
best rooms in the house instead of being adorned with rf dame nature in water s and needle work were always hung round with abundance of garments e and the property of the a piece of that still among tile of our dutch villages the gentlemen in fact who figured in the the gay world in these ancient times in most particulars with the whose smiles they were ambitious to deserve true it is their merits would make but a very impression upon the heart of a modem fair they neither drove nor their for as yet those gaudy were not even of neither did by by at tiie table and their consequent for oar forefathers were of too a disposition to need l of the ni ut soul throughout the town being sound asleep before nine o did their claims to at the expense of their for as yet t h se against tiie pockets of society and the tranquillity of all young gentlemen were unknown in new good made tiie clothes of her husband and family and ev i the of van thought it b di to cut out her husband s not but what there were some two or three who manifested first of what is called fire and spirit who held all labour in contempt about and market places in the sunshine what little money they could procure at cap and swore fought and neighbours horses n short who promised to be the wonder the talk and of the town had not their career been cut short by an affair of honour a post far other however was the truly fashionable gentleman of those days is dress which served for both morning and evening street and drawing by history was i j coat made perhaps by the fair hands of the mistress of his affections and gallantly with abundance of lai brass half a score of breeches heightened the proportions of his his shoes were decorated by copper low crowned broad hat his and s hair down his back in a ous of skin thus equipped he would sally forth with in mouth to some fair s not such a pipe good reader as that which did sweetly tune in praise of his but one of true manufacture and furnished with a charge of fragrant tobacco with his would he resolutely set himself down before the fortress and rarely failed in the process of time to smoke the fair enemy into a surrender upon honourable terms such was the happy reign of van celebrated in a many a long forgotten song as the real golden age the rest being nothing but copper washed coin in that delightful period a sweet and holy calm reigned over the whole province the smoked his pipe in the substantial solace of his do cares after her daily toils were done sat at the door with her arms crossed over her apron of snowy white without being insulted by v w york by street or vagabond those unlucky who do so our streets displaying under the roses of youth thorns and of then it was tiiat the lover with ten breeches and the with of half a score indulged in all the innocent of virtuous love without fear and without re for what had that virtue to fear which was defended by a shield of good equal at least to the seven bull hides of the invincible ah and never to be forgotten age when every thing was better than it has ever been since or ever will be again when channel was quite dry at low water when tiie in the were ail salmon and when the moon shone with a pure and whiteness instead of that melancholy yellow light which is the consequence of her sickening at the she every night witnesses in this city happy would it have been for new could it always have existed in this of ignorance and lowly simplicity but alas the days of childhood are too sweet to last cities like men grow out of them in time and are doomed alike to grow into the bustle the cares and miseries of the world let no man congratulate himself when he the child of his bosom or the city of his birth increasing in magnitude and importance vol i r by ic history of let the history of his own life teach him the dangers of the one and this excellent little history of convince him of of the other by new york chapter v in which the reader is into a which ends very differently from what it commenced in the year of our lord one thousand eight hundred and four on a fine afternoon in the glowing month of september i took my customary walk upon the which is at once the pride and of this ancient and city of new york the ground on which i trod was by recollections of the past and as i slowly wandered through the long alley of which like so many standing on end diffused a melancholy and shade my imagination drew a contrast between the surrounding scenery and what it was in the classic days of our forefathers where the government house by name but the custom house by occupation proudly reared its brick walls and wooden pillars there stood the low but substantial red mansion of the renowned van around it the mighty of fort frowned defiance to every absent foe but like many a warrior and gallant captain confined martial deeds to by history of alone the mud breast works had long been with the earth and their site converted into the green and leafy of the battery where the gay his sunday coat and the laborious relieved from the dirt and of the week poured his we ly tale of love into the half averted ear of the sentimental the bay presented the same sheet | 48 |
of water studded with islands sprinkled with fishing boats and bounded by shores of picturesque beauty but the dark forests which once clothed these shores had been by the savage o cultivation and their tangled and impenetrable had into and waving fields of grain even governor s is land once a smiling garden to the sovereigns of the province was now covered with a tremendous block house so this once peaceful island resembled a fierce little warrior in a big cocked hat breathing and defiance to the world for some time did i indulge in this pensive train of thought in sober sadness the present day with the years behind the mountains the melancholy progress of im and the zeal which our worthy endeavour to preserve the of venerable customs prejudices and errors fi om the overwhelming tide of modem by new tore when by degrees my ideas took a different and i awakened to an enjoyment of the beauties around me it was one of those rich which heaven particularly upon the island of and its vicinity not a floating cloud obscured the the sun rolling in glorious splendour through his ethereal course seemed to his honest dutch countenance into an unusual expression of benevolence as he smiled his evening salutation upon a city which he delights to visit with his most beams the very winds seemed to hold in their in mute attention lest they should the tranquillity of the and the bosom of the bay presented a polished mirror in which nature beheld herself and smiled the standard of our city reserved like a choice handkerchief for days of hung motionless on the flag staff which forms the handle to a gigantic and even the tremulous leaves of the and the ceased to to the breath of heaven every thing seemed to in the profound repose of nature the formidable eighteen slept in the of the wooden seemingly gathering fresh strength to fight the battles of their country on the next fourth of july the solitary drum on governor s island forgot to calf the garrison to their the evening gun had not yet sounded its b by history of signal for all the regular well meaning poultry throughout the country to go to and the fleet of at anchor between island and on their and suffered the innocent to lie for a while in the soft mud of their native banks my own feelings with the tranquillity and i should have upon one of those fragments of benches which our benevolent have provided for the benefit of had not the extraordinary inconvenience of couch set all repose at defiance in the midst of this slumber of the soul my attention was attracted to black speck peering above the western horizon just in the rear of gradually it and the would be cities of and which like three are starting on the course of existence and each other at the commencement of the race now it skirts the long shore of ancient spreading its wide shadows from the high at quite to the and erected by e sagacity of our police for tiie embarrassment of now it the serene vault of cloud rolling over cloud the of day darkening the vast expanse and bearing and hail and tempest in its bosom the earth seems agitated at the confusion of the by new the mirror is lashed into furious waves that roll in hollow murmurs to the shore the boats that in the placid of island now hurry to die land the and and in the blast torrents of rain and sounding hail the battery walks the gates are thronged by servant maids and little with pocket handkerchiefs over their hats from the storm late prospect presents one scene of and wild uproar as though old chaos had resumed his reign and was back into one vast turmoil the conflicting elements of nature whether i fled from the fury of the storm or remained boldly at my post as our gallant captains who march their soldiers die rain without are points which i leave to the conjecture of the reader it is possible he may be a little perplexed also to know the reason why i introduced this tremendous tempest to disturb the serenity of my work on this latter point i will instruct his ignorance the view of hie battery was given merely to gratify the reader with a correct description of that celebrated place and the parts adjacent secondly the storm was played ofi partly to give a little bustle and life to this tranquil part of my work and to keep my drowsy readers by history from falling and partly to nerve as an to the times that are about to the pacific province of and that the administration of the renowned van it is thus the experienced play puts all the the french horns the kettle drums and trumpets of his in to in one of those horrible and called and it is thus he his thunder his lightning his and preparatory to the raising of a ghost or the of a we will now proceed with our history whatever may be advanced by philosophers to the contrary i am of opinion that as to nations the old that honesty is the best policy is a sheer and mistake it might have answered well enough in the honest times when it was made but in these days if a nation to rely merely upon the justice of its dealings it will fare something like ah honest man among thieves who unless he have something more than his honesty to depend upon stands but a poor chance of by his company such at least was the case with the government of th new which like a worthy old quietly settled itself down into the city of | 48 |
new as into a snug elbow chair and fell into a comfortable nap by ic new while in the mean time its neighbours stepped in and picked its pockets thus may we the commencement of all the woes of this great province and its magnificent metropolis to the tranquil security or to speak more accurately to the unfortunate honesty of its government but as i dislike to begin an important part of my history towards the end of a chapter and as my readers like myself must doubtless be exceedingly fatigued with the long walk we have taken and the tempest we have sustained i hold it meet we shut up the book smoke a pipe and having thus refreshed our spirits take a fair start in the next chapter by history of chapter vi describing the people of and showing moreover the true meaning of liberty of conscience and a curious device among these sturdy to keep up a harmony of intercourse and promote population that mj readers may the more fully comprehend the extent of the calamity at this very moment impending over the honest province of and its governor it is necessary that i should give some account of a of strange upon the eastern frontier now so it came to pass that many years previous to the time of which we are treating the sage cabinet of england had adopted a certain national creed a kind of public walk of faith or rather a religious in which every loyal subject was directed to travel to taking care to pay the toll by the way a certain shrewd race of men being very much given to indulge their own opinions on all manner of subjects a exceedingly offensive to your free of europe did by york dare to think for themselves in matters of religion what they con a natural and the liberty of conscience as however they possessed that ha hi of mind which always thinks aloud which rides cock a on the tongue and is for ever gallop ing into other people s ears it naturally followed that their liberty of conscience likewise implied liberty of speech which being freely indulged soon put the country in a and aroused the pious indignation of the fathers of the church the usual methods were adopted to them that in those days were considered so in bringing back stray sheep to the fold that is to say were they were they were they were line upon line upon lash upon lash here a little and a great deal were exhausted without mercy and without success until at length the worthy of the church wearied out by their were driven in the excess of their tender mercy to adopt the scripture text and literally heaped live embers on heads nothing however could subdue that invincible spirit of independence which has ever distinguished this singular race of people so that rather than submit to such horrible tyranny they one and all embarked for the wilderness of america where by i t of tiie of ne sooner did land on this soil as if they liad caught the ease from the climate they all lifted up their at once and for the of one year did keep up a ire ave told every bird and beast out of tiie neighbourhood and so completely ed certain fish which abound on their coast that they have been called dumb fish ever since from this simple circumstance as it may seem did first that renowned privilege so loudly boasted of throughout this country which is so exercised in newspapers ward meetings pot house and the right of talking without ideas and without of public affairs public measures f great characters and destroying little ones in short that grand of our country the of speech the simple of the land for a while contemplated these strange folk in utter but discovering that they harmless though noisy weapons and were a lively ingenious good race of men they became very friendly and and gave them the name of which in the or language i by new york since into the familiar of which they retain unto the present it is and mj fidelity as an historian will not allow me to pass it over in silence that the zeal of these good people to maintain their rights and privileges did for a while betray them into errors which it is easier to pardon than defend having served a regular in the school of persecution it them to show that they had become in the art they employed their leisure hours in or hanging divers and for daring to abuse the liberty of which they now clearly proved to imply nothing more than that every man should think as he pleased in matters of religion he thought right for otherwise it would be giving a latitude to now as they the majority were convinced that th f thought right it followed that whoever thought different from them thought wrong and whoever thought wrong and persisted in not being convinced and converted was a of the liberty of conscience and a corrupt and of the body and deserved to be off and cast into the fire vol s by history of now i ll warrant there are hosts of my readers read j at once to lift up their hands and eyes with that virtuous indignation with which we always contemplate the faults and errors of our neighbours and to exclaim at these well meaning but mistaken people for on others the injuries they had suffered for indulging the preposterous idea of convincing the mind by the body and establishing the doctrine of charity and forbearance by persecution but in simple truth what are we doing at this very day and in this very enlightened nation but acting upon the very same principle in | 48 |
our political have we not but a few years released ourselves from the of a government which cruelly denied us the privilege of governing ourselves and using in full latitude that invaluable member the tongue and are we not at this very moment striving our best to over the opinions tie up the tongues or ruin the fortunes of one another what are our great political societies but mere political our pot house committee s but of our newspapers but mere posts and where unfortunate individuals are with rotten and our council of appointment but a grand de e where are sacrificed for their political by new york where then is the difference in principle between our measures and those jou are so ready to condemn among the people i am treating of there is none the difference is merely thus we f instead of we instead of we turn out of office instead of hanging and where they burnt an in we either tar and feather or him in this political persecution being some how or other the grand of our liberties and an proof that this is a free but notwithstanding the fervent zeal with which this holy war was against the whole race of we do not find that the population of this new colony was in any wise thereby on the contrary they multiplied to a degree which would be incredible to any man with the marvellous of this growing country this amazing increase may indeed be ascribed to a singular custom among them commonly known by the name of a superstitious observed by the young people of both sexes with which they usually terminated their and which was kept up with religious by the more and vulgar part of the community this ceremony was likewise in those primitive times considered as an indispensable preliminary to matrimony their by history of where ours usually finish by which means thej acquired that intimate acquaintance with each others good qualities before marriage which has been pronounced by philosophers the sure basis of a happy union thus early did this cunning and ingenious people display a at making a bargain has ever since distinguished them and a strict to the good old about buying a pig in a to this sagacious custom therefore do i chiefly attribute the increase of the or yankee tribe for it is a certain fact well by court records and parish that wherever the practice of prevailed there an amazing number of sturdy bom unto the state without the license of the law or the benefit of neither did the of their operate in the least to their on tiie contrary grew up a long sided raw hardy race of wood and and corn fed who by their united efforts tended towards those notable tracts of country called and cape by new york chapter vii these singular turned out to be notorious how they air castles and attempted to the in the mystery of in the last chapter i have given a faithful and a of the origin of that singular race the country eastward of ihe but i have yet to mention certain peculiar habits which rendered them exceedingly to our ever honoured dutch ancestors the most prominent of these was a certain rambling with which like the sons of they seem to have been gifted by heaven and which continually them on to shift their residence from place to place so that a yankee farmer is in a constant state of occasionally here and there clearing lands for other people to enjoy building houses for others to and in a manner may be considered the wandering of america his first thought on coming to the years of manhood is to settle himself in the world which means nothing more nor less than to begin his by history of to this end he takes unto himself for n some country passing rich in red glass beads and mock shell with a gown and shoes for sunday and deeply skilled in the mystery of making apple long and pie having thus provided himself like a with a heavy wherewith to his through the journey of life he literally sets out on the his whole family household furniture and farming are hoisted into a covered cart his own and his wife s wardrobe packed up in a which done he shoulders his axe takes staff in hand yankee and off to the woods as confident of the protection of providence and as cheerfully upon his own resources as did ever a of when he into a strange country of the having buried himself in the wilderness he himself a log hut away a and patch and providence smiling upon his labours is soon surrounded by a snug farm and some half a score of headed who by their size seem to have sprung all at once out of the earth like a crop of but it is not the nature of this most of to rest contented with any state of enjoyment improvement is his darling passion and having thus improved his lands by the next care is to provide a mansion worthy the residence of a land a huge palace of pine boards immediately springs up in the midst of the wilderness large enough for a parish and furnished with windows of all dimensions so and withal that every blast gives it a fit of the by e time the outside of this mighty air castle is completed either the funds or the zeal of our adventurer are exhausted so that he barely to half finish one room within where tiie whole while the rest of the house is devoted to the of or of and potatoes and is decorated with fanciful of dried apples and the outside remaining grows black with time the family wardrobe is laid under contribution for old | 48 |
hats and breeches to stuff into the broken windows while the four winds of heaven keep up a whistling and howling about this palace and play as many as they did of in the cave of old the humble log hut which this family within its narrow but comfortable walls stands hard by in contrast degraded into a cow house or pig and the whole scene reminds one forcibly of a fable which i am surprised has never been recorded of an who abandoned his humble by ic history of which he had long filled with great to crawl the empty shell of a where he would no doubt have resided with great style and splendour the envy and hate of all tiie pains taking of his neighbourhood not accidentally perished with cold in one corner of his mansion being thus completely settled and to use his own words to rights one would imagine that he would begin to enjoy the comforts of his situation to read newspapers talk politics neglect his own business and attend to the affairs of the nation like a useful and patriotic citizen but now it is that his disposition begins again to operate he soon grows of a spot where there is no longer any room for improvement his farm air castle windows and all his cart shoulders his axe puts himself at the head of his family and in search of new lands again to fell again to clear again to build a palace and again to sell off and wander such were the people of who bordered upon the eastern frontier of and my readers may easily imagine what neighbours this light hearted but rest less tribe must have been to our tranquil if they i would ask them if they have ever known one of our regular well organized dutch families whom it hath pleased heaven by new york to with the neighbourhood of a french boarding house the old cannot take his afternoon s pipe on the bench before his but he is persecuted with the of the chattering of n omen and the of children e cannot sleep at night for the horrible of some amateur who chooses to the moon and display his terrible in on the the or some other soft toned instrument nor can he the street door open but his house is by the visits of a troop of d who even sometimes carry their into the the parlour if my readers have ever witnessed the sufferings of such a family so situated they may form some idea how our worthy ancestors were distressed by their neighbours of of these we are told ed into the new and threw whole villages into consternation by their and their intolerable ne two evil habits hitherto unknown in those parts or only known to be for our ancestors were noted as being men of truly and who neither knew nor c red about any body s concerns but their many were committed on the ways where several were in to a stand and tortured with questions and by ai history of which occasioned as much vexation and heart burning as does the modem right of search on the high seas great jealousy did they likewise stir up by their and among the divine sex for being a race of brisk likely pleasant they soon the light affections of the simple from their ponderous dutch among other hideous customs they attempted to introduce among them that of which the dutch of the with that eager passion for novelty and foreign fashions natural to their sex seemed very well inclined to follow but that their mothers being more experienced in the ld and better acquainted with men and things all such but what chiefly to our ancestors with these strange folk was an le liberty which they occasionally took of entering in into the of the new and settling themselves down without leave or license to improve the land in the manner i have before noticed this mode of taking possession of new land was termed and hence is d the of a name us in he ears of all great and to those who i upon land first and by new york take their choice to make good their title to it afterwards all these and man j others which were constantly tended to form that dark and cloud which as i observed in a former chapter was slowly gathering over the tranquil province of new ne the pacific cabinet of van however as will be perceived m the bore them all with a that to their immortal becoming by passive endurance to this increasing mass of wrongs like that mighty man of old who by dint carrying about a calf from the time it was born continued to carry it without difficulty when it had grown to be an ox by history of chapter viii was ow ike renowned fell into a pro found and how he finally bt this time mj readers must perceive what an task i have and with painful the of past times whose almost defy the powers of exploring a little kind of of history which had lain nearly for ages buried under the rubbish of years and almost totally up the limbs and fragments of facts and endeavouring to put them together so as to restore them to their original form and now forth the character of an almost hero like a statue now a half inscription and now lighting upon a manuscript which after painful study scarce the trouble of perusal in such case how much has the reader to depend upon the honour and of his author lest like a cunning he either e upon him some of his own for a precious from antiquity or else dress up by york the with such false that it i possible to | 48 |
distinguish the truth from the fiction with which it is enveloped this is a which i have more than once had to lament in the course of mj wearisome among the works of my fellow who have strangely disguised and distorted the facts respecting this country and particularly respecting the great province of new as will be perceived by any who will take the trouble to compare their romantic out in the of fable with thb history i have had more of the kind to encounter in those parts of my history which treat of the transactions on the eastern border than in in consequence of the troops of who have those quarters and have shown the honest people of no mercy in their works the rest mr declares that the dutch were always mere now to this i shall make no other reply than to proceed in the steady of my history which will contain not only proofs that the dutch had clear title and possession in the fair valleys of the and that they were but likewise that they have been ever since by the of the of new england vol i t by history of and in this i shall be guided bj a spirit of and and a regard to immortal for i would not mj work by a single falsehood or prejudice though it should gain our forefathers the whole country of new england it was at an early period of the province and previous to the arrival of the renowned that the cabinet of purchased the lands about the and established for their and protection a i post on the banks of the river which was ed fort good and was situated hard by the present fair city of the command of this important post with the rank title and appointment of were given in charge to the van or as some will have it van a most soldier of that class of which we have such numbers on parade days who are famous for eating all they kill he was of a very appearance and would have been an exceeding tall man had his legs been in proportion to his body but the latter being long and the former uncommonly short it gave him the uncouth appearance of a tall man s body mounted upon a little man s legs he made up for this construction of body by throwing his legs to such an extent when he marched that you would have sworn he had on the identical seven league boots by new york of the jack the giant and so high did he tread on any great mill occasion that his soldiers were oft times alarmed lest he should himself under foot but notwithstanding the of this fort and the appointment of ugly little man of war as a commander the continued those daring which i have hinted at in my last chapter and taking advantage of the character which the cabinet of van acquired for profound and tranquillity did the of the and themselves down within the very of fort on beholding this outrage the long van proceeded as became a prompt and officer he immediately protested against these in low dutch by way of inspiring more terror and forthwith despatched a copy of the protest to the governor at new together with a long and bitter account of the of the enemy this done he ordered his men one and all to be of good cheer gate of the fort smoked three pipes went to bed and awaited the result with a resolute and tranquillity that greatly animated his and no doubt struck sore dismay and into the hearts of the enemy history of now it came to pass that about this time the renowned van full of and honours and council dinners had reached that period of life and faculty which according to the great a man to si m into the ancient order of he employed his time in smoking his pipe amid an assemblage of equally enlightened and nearly as venerable as himself and who for their silence their gravity their wisdom and their cautious to coming to any conclusion in business are only to be equalled by certain profound which i have known in my time upon reading the protest of the gallant van therefore his fell straightway into one of the deepest doubts that ever he was known to encounter his head gradually drooped on his chest he closed his eye and inclined his ear to one side as if listening with great attention to the discussion that was going on in his belly which all who knew him declared to be ike huge court house or council chamber of his thoughts forming to his head what the house of representatives do to the an inarticulate sound very much resembling a occasionally escaped him but tiie nature of this internal was never known as he never opened his lips on the subject to man woman or child in the mean time the protest of van laid quietly on the table where it served to light the by new york l pipes of the venerable assembled in council and in the great smoke which thej raised the gallant his protest and his mighty fort were soon a completely and forgotten as is a question of emergency swallowed up in hie speeches and resolutions of a modem of there are certain when your profound and sage are in the way of a nation and when an of hair decision is worth a pound of sage doubt and cautious discussion such at least was the case at present for while the renowned van was daily with his doubts and his resolution growing weaker and weaker in the contest the enemy pushed further and further into his and assumed a most formidable appearance in the neighbourhood of fort here they founded | 48 |
the mighty dead it was observed by a great by ic york tor of inland lock that rivers lakes and were only formed to feed in like manner i am tempted to believe that plots wars and are ordained bj providence only as food for the it is a source of great delight to the philosopher in studying the wonderful economy of nature to trace the mutual of things how thej are created for each other and how ihe most and apparently unnecessary animal has its uses thus those of flies which are so often as useless are created for the of and on the other hand are evidently made to flies so those heroes who have been such es to the world were provided as for the poet and the historian while the poet and the historian were destined to record the achievements of heroes these and many similar reflections naturally arose in my mind as i took up my pen to commence the reign of william for now the stream of our history which hitherto has rolled in a tranquil current is about to depart for ever from its peaceful haunts and through many a turbulent and rugged scene like some sleek ox which having fed and in a rich field lies sunk in luxurious repose and will bear repeated and blows before it its un by history of and from its so ike province of the having and grown under the im reign of the was reluctantly awakened to a melancholy conviction that by patient its had become so numerous and that it was ue to than endure them the reader will now witness the manner in which a peaceful community advances towards a state of war which it is too apt to approach as a horse does a drum with much and parade but with little and too often with the wrong end foremost who in ascended tiie chair to borrow a favourite though clumsy of modem was in form feature and character the very reverse of van his renowned he was of very respectable descent his father being of in the ancient town and our hero we are told made v y curious into the nature and operations of machines when a boy which is one reason why he afterwards came to be so ingenious a governor his name according to the most ingenious was a corruption of that is to say a or and i expressed the hereditary disposition of his family which for nearly two centuries had kept the windy by york town of in hot water and more and than any ten families in the place and so truly did inherit this family that be had scarcely been a year in the discharge of his before he was universally known by the ti of william thb f he was a brisk little old gentleman who had dried and withered away partly through the natural process of years and partly from being and burnt up by his fiery soul which blazed like a vehement rush light in his bosom constantly him to most and i have heard it observed by a profound and philosophical judge of human nature that if a woman fat as she grows old the of her life is very precarious but if she she lives for ever such likewise was the case with william the who grew in proportion as he dried he was some such a little as we may now and then see briskly about the streets of our city in a broad skirted coat with huge buttons an old fashioned cocked hat stuck on the back of his head and a cane as high as his chin his was in but his features sharp his nose turned up with a most curl his cheeks were into a dusky doubtless in consequence of the neighbourhood of two fierce little gray eyes through which his soul vol i u by i s history of beamed with tropical the comers of mouth were curiously into a kind of fret work not a little resembling the wrinkled of an irritable dog in a word he was one of the most positive restless ugly little men that ever put himself in a passion about nothing such were the personal of william the but it was the sterling riches of his mind that raised him to dignity and power in his youth he had passed with great credit through a celebrated academy at the noted for producing finished scholars with a despatch unequal led except by certain of our american here he very on the frontier of several of the and made so gallant an in the dead languages as to bring off captive a host of greek and latin together with divers and all which he constantly in conversation and writing with as much vain glory as would a triumphant general of display the spoils of the countries he had he had moreover himself considerably with logic in which he bad advanced so far as to attain a very familiar acquaintance by name at least with the whole family of and but what he chiefly valued himself on was his knowledge of in which having once upon a time ventured too deeply he came well nigh being smothered in a of unintelligible learning by new york a fearful peril from tiie effects of which he never perfectly recovered this i must confess was in some measure a misfortune for he never ed in argument of which he was exceeding fond but what between logical and he soon involved himself and his subject in a fog of and and then would get into a mighty passion with bis adversary for not being convinced it is in knowledge as in swimming he who sports and on the surface makes more noise and and more attention than the industrious pearl who in search of treasures to the | 48 |
of man kind and commonly known by the of women in fact my duty as an historian me to make known a circumstance which was a great secret at the time and was not a subject of scandal at more than half the tea tables in new but which like many other great secrets has out in the lapse of years and this was that the great though one of the most potent little men that ever breathed yet submitted at home to a species of government neither laid down in nor in short it partook of the nature of a pure tyranny and is familiarly government an absolute sway which though exceedingly common in these modem days was very rare among the if we may judge from the made about the domestic economy of honest which is ihe only ancient case on record the great however off all the and of his particular friends who are ever ready to joke with a man on sore points of the kind by that it was a government of his own election to which he submitted through choice adding at the same time a profound im which he had found in an ancient author that he who would to govern should first learn to obey by new york chapter ii in which are recorded the sage projects of a ruler of universal genius the art of fighting by nd how that the van came to be at fort never was a more a more or what is still better a more economical measure devised than this of the by an expedient likewise so humane so gentle and pacific there were ten chances to one in favour of its succeeding but then there was one chant e to ten that it would not succeed is the ill natured would have it that single chance carried the day the was perfect in all its parts well constructed well written well sealed and well published hill that was wanting to its effect was that the should stand in awe of it but provoking to relate thej treated it with the most absolute contempt applied it to an purpose and thus did the first warlike come to a shameful t fate which i am informed has befallen but too many its by ft b history of it was a long time before t could be persuaded by the united efforts of all his that his war measures had failed in producing any effect on the contrary he flew in a passion whenever any one dared to question its and swore at though it was slow in yet when once it began to work it would soon the land of these time however that test of all experiments both in philosophy and politics at length convinced the great that his was and that notwithstanding he had waited nearly four years in a state of constant irritation yet he was still further off an ever from the object of his wishes his in the east became more and more troublesome in their and founded the colony of close upon the skirts of fort they moreover commenced the settlement of otherwise called the red hills within the of high while the patches of were a continual eye sore to the garrison of van upon beholding therefore the of his measure the sage like many a worthy of laid the not to the medicine but to the quantity administered and resolutely resolved to double the dose in the year therefore that being the fourth year of his reign he against them a by second of heavier metal than the former written in thundering long sentences not one word of which was under five this in fact was a kind of non intercourse bill forbidding and all commerce and between any and every of the said yankee and the said fortified post of fort and ordering commanding and all his loyal and well beloved subjects to furnish them with no supplies of gin or sour to buy none of their pacing horses pork apple brandy yankee rum water apple or wooden but to starve and them from the face of the land another pause of a twelve month ensued ing which the last received the same attention and experienced the same fate as the first at the end of which term the gallant van despatched his annual messenger with his customary of complaints and entreaties whether the regular interval of a year intervening between the arrival of van s was occasioned by the regularity of his movements or by the immense distance at which he was stationed from the seat of government is a matter of uncertainty some have ascribed it to the of his messengers who as i have before noticed were chosen from the sh and of his garrison as least by history of to be w oat on the road and who being short little men generally travelled fifteen miles a day and then laid by a whole week to rest all these however are matters of conjecture and i rather think it may be ascribed to the of this worthy country and which ever influenced all its public transactions not to do things in a hurry the gallant van in his respectfully represented that several years had now elapsed since his first application to his late van during which interval hia garrison had been reduced nearly one eighth by the death of two of his most and soldiers who had accidentally themselves on some fat salmon caught in the river he further stated that the enemy persisted in their taking no notice of the fort or its inhabitants but themselves down and forming all around it so that in a little while he should find himself enclosed and by the enemy and totally at their mercy but among the most of his i find the following still on | 48 |
the fact unknown to the world at lai and hence do we observe that the way to gain the hearts of the million is to feed them well nd tiiat a man is never so disposed to flatter to please and serve another as when he is feeding at his expense which is one reason why your rich men who give frequent dinners have such ance of sincere and faithful friends it is on this principle that our knowing leaders of parties secure the affections of their by them with and fishes and the of the mob by treating them with bull and oxen i have known many a man in this same city acquire considerable importance in society and a large share of the good will of his enlightened low citizens when the only thing tiiat could be said in his was that he gave a good dinner and kept excellent wine since their the heart and the stomach are so nearly allied it follows that what affects the one must affect the by history of other now it is an equally fact that of all to the stomach there is none more grateful than the marine animal known commonly by the vulgar name of and in such great reverence has it ever been held by my fellow citizens that temples have been to it time out of mind in every street lane and alley throughout this well fed city it is not to be expected therefore that the seizing of bay a place with favourite delicacy would be by the inhabitants of new an attack upon their honour they mi t have even the of a few citizens might have been passed over in silence but an outrage that affected the of the great city of new and threatened the of its was too serious to pass the whole council was unanimous in opinion that the should be immediately driven by force of arms from bay and its vicinity and a was accordingly despatched for the purpose under the command of one or i e the head so called because he was a man of mighty deeds famous throughout the whole extent of for his skill at and for size he would have been a match for the champion slain by of by new s was a man of few words but h one of your straight going officers who march directly forward and do their orders without making any parade he used no extraordinary speed in his but steadily on through and and and and the mighty town of and other renowned cities of which by some unaccountable of the have been strangely to long island until he arrived in the neighbourhood of bay was he encountered by a tumultuous host of warriors headed by preserved fish and and return strong and and and determined cock at the sound of whose names the courageous verily believed that the whole parliament of praise god had been let loose to him finding however that this formidable body was composed merely of the select men of the settlement armed with no other weapon but their tongues and that they had issued forth with no other intent than to meet him on the field of he succeeded in putting them to the with little difficulty and completely broke up their settlement without waiting to write an account of his victory on the spot and thus letting the enemy slip through his fingers while he was securing his own as a vol i y by ic of more experienced would hare done ihe brave thought of nothing but hb enterprise and driving the from the island this enterprise he performed in much the same manner as he had been accustomed to drive his oxen for as l e fled before him he pulled up his breeches and steadily after them and would have driven them into the sea had they not begged for quarter and agreed to pay tribute the news of this achievement was a to the spirits of the citizens of new to gratify them still ike governor resolved to astonish them with of those gorgeous spectacles known in the days of classic antiquity a full account of which had been into his memory when a boy at the a grand triumph therefore was to who made his triumphant entrance into town riding on a five which like roman had served the enemy for standards were carried before fifty cart loads of five hundred of a hundred of two of and various other treasures were exhibited as the spoils and tribute of the while three notorious of notes were led captive to grace this is one of those trivial is that now and then occur ui the coarse of this otherwise how by new the heroes triumph the procession was by martial music from the trumpet of van the champion accompanied by a select band of boys and performing on the national instruments of rattle bones and shells the citizens devoured the spoils in sheer of every man did honour to the conqueror by getting devoutly drunk on new and the learned calling to mind in a momentary fit of enthusiasm and generosity that it was customary among the to honour their victorious with public statues passed a gracious decree by which every tavern keeper was permitted to paint the head of tiie on his sign could notes be when as yet banks unknown in this country and our simple had not of those inexhaustible mines of paper by of chapter iv philosophical reflections on the folly of being in times of prosperity sundry troubles on the southern william the had well nigh ruined the province through a word also the secret m of mid his astonishing reward if we could but get a peep at the of dame fortune where like a notable landlady she regularly up the and of mankind we should | 48 |
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