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bz4482 | Why does their seem to be no quality competition against Youtube? | Companies sure have and are trying! They just are so far behind that you don't use them
Dailymotion, Metcafe, Vimeo are all pretty big ones giving it a shot.
They are laughably far behind. | c9820aff-0c06-4573-9e30-a8f3d07fb6b1 |
bz48pm | How do races decide the order of the cars at the start? | The drivers do qualifying laps prior to the race. The better your qualifying lap, the better your start position. | 6c16c63a-b7c8-4477-8e20-b13e6b219089 |
bz4jtf | How do movies go from the raw footage (film or digital) to 4K? | With digital recordings, the raw footage is usually higher quality than 4K (IIRC, 8K is fairly common). For final release, you just render the video in the release quality and write it to the DVD or blu-ray (or digital download/streaming service).
With film, we're lucky because film is actually very high quality. People tend to think film has low quality because back in film days, the film *duplication and distribution* technologies were not-so-great, making the version in theaters of lower quality. To go from a film recording to a 4K digital video, you essentially put each frame of the film into a digital scanner (like the one in a multifunction printer) and make sure they line up with software. You can optionally use software to remove defects in the film from the digital file. You then send the scanned images off to be written to the DVD, bluray, etc. | 3500ddd8-c677-49c3-b68e-828b0febb8b1 |
bz5bga | Why does a white flag mean surrender? | Because it's a commonplace material that is easy to make out visually even during a battle, and that isn't used for any other military purpose.
_URL_0_ | 0d14cc4b-415b-4eef-883d-20c695432579 |
bz5bgh | How is activated charcoal different from plain charcoal? | Activated carbon (aka activated charcoal) is specially processed carbon powder that is in the form of tiny. super-porous particles. This means that one gram of activated carbon has about 3,000 m2 of surface area. All that surface area allows it to react with and capture other particles that may be mixed in with it. | 1b24214e-f365-41f4-a337-bc68a8c60b88 |
bz5bx2 | How does inertial damping work? | Firstly, in the real world...it doesn't. It's a 'real thing' in the fantasy world (e.g. Star Trek) and a hypothetical thing in the real world. In the world of physics it's often referred to as "intertia negation", which is imagined to be a process functions the opposite of ballast.
On a small scale we mute the affect of inertia with things that compensate - e.g. a padded seat allows you to sink in a bit making your rate of acceleration a little bit less than that of the object the seat is in, but it also dampens the \_impact\_ of the inertia by providing padding that prevents the harm of the acceleration on your body. | e923243e-16cf-4e60-aac7-731131899ac5 |
bz5lvl | Why is zipper merging (when a lane ends) better? | It's effective for the same reason stop signs are effective - and by that I mean it's effective only when EVERYONE does it. If everyone knows to let one go on one side, then one on the other side, repeat, it all works efficiently and quickly. But the problem is that everyone is kinda doing their own thing - and when some people are merging "properly", some people are randomly holding back to let others in that have no business merging in at that moment, and some people are trying to jam themselves in way back at the start of the merge, it all falls into chaos. Zipper merging isn't MUCH better than other methods, but it is a proven effective method when done properly. We just lack an effective way to get everyone on the same page, and unless everyone is doing it the same way, no matter what that way is, it will always be chaos. | 56eb4ced-f2c1-4577-84d9-b7923002d0a8 |
bz5mgy | Why are women on average shorter than men? | My understanding is there's two schools of thought.
The one favored by behavioral ecologists is that it's the result of male-male competition. Males in sexually reproductive species compete for access to females, so greater size and strength are selected-for on the basis of whomever wins. This is why you see sexual dimorphism (the differences in size between the sexes) in so many other creatures, like bears and deer. It's also why deer grow antlers and rams grow big horns: for battling other males.
The competing theory is that this breaks down when you get to the level of intellectual and social sophistication of humans, where women choose their mates rather than being stuck with whomever wins some competition. In which case men still end up getting bigger (or at least taller) because they're selected on the basis of being more attractive. You can see a version of this in birds, where the males tend to be way more elaborate and colorful because those are the ones the females like best.
TL;DR it's either because nature selects men that are bigger, or because women do. | 0f59a419-76c9-4442-839e-5cc0e6dba22c |
bz5v7q | If grapes become raisins when dried, why does mango when dried, remain as dried mango. | Well with plums to prunes it’s even weirder!!
Grapes dry into raisins. When juiced we say grape juice! No such thing as raisin juice!
Plums dry into prunes. However, there is such a thing a prune juice! How does prune JUICE exist if it’s dry plums? How can you juice something that’s been dried?? | 59765215-a10a-48c6-9faa-643b610e5f49 |
bz60uz | Why are student loans not forgiven in the event of bankruptcy, unlike every other type of loan? | The thought is that what you paid for can not be taken from you (an education) as opposed to a car/home which is a physical entity that can be. | d1fcef83-4075-4d21-8ac6-614fda1cee49 |
bz6cnb | Why is the moon rarely visible in broad daylight but not always? | Exactly half of the moon is lit by the sun at all times. The moon also orbits the Earth once a month. So half of that orbit the moon will be on the same side of the Earth as the sun...it will be "between" the Earth and the sun.
So, during the time the moon is on the sunny side of the Earth, the half of the moon lit by the sun will be pointed away from the Earth, and we'll be looking at the dark half. When it's daytime out, we can't even see any other stars or planets, so obviously we're not going to see a dark circle. | f26fb480-70fd-4770-b2a7-25cdf092c950 |
bz6dee | What does it mean to say life is carbon-based? Are we literally made out of carbon? Could life exist based from another element? | Most of our DNA and cell structure is carbon, yes. In each molecule of bio-material, a majority of what you are is carbon by weight. And yes, it is a theory that life could also exist based on other elements like silicon because it creates the same number of bonds in a molecule as carbon does, and so it would behave in a similar way | 4fdf163a-4638-44df-8dc2-6b6b62fbf55d |
bz753z | how does the atmosphere hold in gasses. | Gravity.
The gas molecule has to be going faster than Escape Velocity to leave, otherwise it falls back to the planet.
Sometimes though, a molecule gets hit by charged particles from the sun so hard that they reach escape velocity and leave forever.
The Earth is special in that it's one of two planets in the solar system that has a magnetic field that can deflect these particles before they hit the atmosphere. | f6e429c3-1f44-4879-bd35-e29a004c47bf |
bz7735 | Why are our teeth sensitive to cold but not heat? | They are, but if you put something that hot in your mouth, you will spit it out before your teeth react to it. | 7a9320b0-ba17-4d11-8ad8-93f72e5add6f |
bz7cs0 | Port Forwarding. What exactly happens in it and how safe is it? | The ELI5 version: port forwarding is like having an all mail addressed to you automatically delivered to your room. You can get picky and say, "mom, I only want my Playboy magazines delivered to my room - throw away all of the other ones." As long as I don't disguise my junk mail as a Playboy magazine, it won't get to your room. This assumes that your mother has been correctly told what to deliver and what to throw away.
The technical version:
A) Port forwarding tells your router that any traffic coming in on port 123 needs to be forwarded to port 456 on internal IP address 192.168.1.20. This means that all packets sent to that port will be forwarded on to that internal ip address. It would normally block those requests. If you have your server locked down correctly and your router configured correctly, the only hazard is if there is a vulnerability in that listening application. If you turn off your server or shutdown the application, there shouldn't be anything listening and nothing bad can happen. You will want your server to have a static IP address internally - you can either configure in on the server as a static or you can use DHCP and tell the router to make it static, so that the router will always assign the same address to the server.
2) I assume you are talking about using a dynamic DNS service for your router. If your router supports dynamic DNS, you will need to set it up, probably create an account with a dynamic DNS service, and then use the DNS name that they provide you as your public server address. If your router doesn't support it, then you will need to run a dynamic DNS application or service on your server which will ping the DNS service and update your public ip address there. | 125f82e2-2bfd-4bc4-8076-cb7d47cdcf54 |
bz7o4j | The differences between all the car races (nascar, f1, etc) | Nascar:
Many racing cars that look like tuned stock cars going in a 4km long oval for many many laps. The car and crew are more important than the driver here.
Formula 1:
Insanely fast racing cars with lots of science and technology in them race on a very curvy and complicated racetrack. The driver skills and team/car are equally important here
Rallye:
Highly tuned stock cars with serious safety measures speed through forests, fields and villages on tiny dirt roads at ridiculous speeds. They go after each other and with the help of their co-pilot who tells them if the next bend is a killy-fasty or a killy-reallyfasty. Navigator and driver are extremely important here but would be stuck without their repair team.
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Domestic Motorsports (DTM, JDM,...):
Powerful, modified versions of production cars that race a curvy and complicated track for many laps, like in the 24 Hour Le Mans. Team and car are very important, but so is the driver
Edit: added link to rallye | 2ca46301-7e3b-4db9-aa41-f69f9743deea |
bz7ocq | Can someone please explain how an EAP (Employee Assistance Program) works and how it helps? | It is a program set up through companies to offer free counseling services to their employees. Typically it's contracted through a specific agency. Associates are generally given a set number of appoints per calendar year. It then is reported back to the company the person works for anonymously. The company should only recieve a total number of associates who have saught help in the past quarter. It allows the associate to have an unbiased opinion and no fear that anything that is said will be said back to the company they work for. | ac6a5858-9328-4f46-8cd9-02c225c08c20 |
bz7q3o | Can someone explain Donald ‘Cowboy’ Cerrone’s injury, why did blowing his nose to relieve pressure cause his eye to swell up? | all the blood in the nose immediately leaves and the blood that was going to go there goes no way I'm not going there because I just keep getting blown out (to stop blood loss) it then goes to around his eye
& #x200B;
“There is a communication between the eye — specifically the lacrimal ducts — and the nose,” ringside physician Yared Vasquez explained on [YouTube](_URL_0_). “All that blood volume from the strikes instantly took another route and filled up the surrounding tissues around the eye in the orbital space — rendering that eye effectively closed for the night.” | 93378f65-9713-434e-b6ee-02fb6abbcbfb |
bz81f3 | how do insects survive long cold winters, specially the ones with a lifespan of less than a week? | If I had to use one word to describe insects, it would be "adaptive". Our resident insects are very well adapted to survive winter.
In order to survive winter, insects push the pause button. During this pause an insect's metabolic rate drops to one tenth or less, so it can use stored body fat to survive winter. Also many insects produce alcohols for antifreeze. Their bodies can supercool (reach temperatures below freezing) without forming cell-damaging ice.
Insects spend the winter in various life stages: egg, nymph, larvae, pupae or adult. Many overwinter as eggs. Aphid eggs can be found in the bud scales of woody plants
[Sauce](_URL_0_) | 2dcabbf2-5043-43ae-858e-d2955b230355 |
bz84ro | How do trees decide when it is time to bear a fruit? | Every living thing is constantly attempting to reproduce.
Fruit is late stage reproduction process for trees which bear fruit.
A tree will grow blossoms to get pollenated. Once the blossom is pollenated, it will grow a fruit.
Once the fruit is sufficiently developed, it will fall off.
Your question, translated to human instead of tree terms would be: How do mothers decide when to push the baby out.
There is no decision, it happens when the growth hits that point. | ea6dd38e-17e2-4af7-914f-f88b85f9c8c2 |
bz8713 | how does probability work with more than one variable? If i make 25% of my shots and my friend catches 50% of passes whats the probability of a successful pass?what about more variables? | 1/4 chance of throwing a pass properly times a 1/2 chance of catching a pass properly equals a 1/8 chance of success. So this would be a 12.5% chance of a successful pass. When you have two independant variables you multiply them to get the final probability.
[Here is a website that explains this.](_URL_0_) | ad16c3b9-91eb-4248-83f4-9776fa543813 |
bz8j0j | How is it that Mitch McConnell can block any vote in the Senate, even bipartisan ones | The Senate majority leader controls the Senate's schedule. If they don't schedule a bill to be considered, then it just languishes in Senate limbo.
The Senate minority leader can attempt to override this scheduling power by making a motion to have a bill considered. If that motion passes with a majority vote, then the minority leader gets to place the bill on the calendar.
When a bill doesn't get scheduled that means one of three things:
1) The bill's text is currently being negotiated.
2) The majority leader is serving as a scapegoat of sorts for a bill that isn't popular enough to pass but which would consume a lot of the Senate's time being debated.
3) The majority leader personally doesn't want the bill to pass and they are more popular than the bill is. | aba11977-424c-49ce-8c1c-8334f6feec4f |
bz8ko6 | Does soap need to lather to be effective, or is it more like a placebo where when it lathers you know for sure there is soap present? | Short answer is yes, because what causes it to lather up is usually the act of rubbing or intentional "use" of the soap. There is a process called saponification when a strong base mixes with fat it becomes "soapy".
This is how early soaps are made: animal fat and ash.
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Rubbing soap on the surface of whatever you're trying to clean forces the soap to pickup more fats and oil, consequentially causing a lather -- so yes, it would be better.
A foaming soap dispenser (whatever its called) however, I think, is not necessarily better than one that simply drips; but for another reason, it can be more efficient and less wasteful as excess liquid soap don't drip on the floor or sink. | b2058ca0-e6ca-4d39-843e-7b8f514bb9b5 |
bz8m62 | what is the difference between genetic editing and mutation ? | Genetic editing is deliberate - someone consciously decides the outcome they want, and works on the DNA (adding, deleting or modifying as necessary) until they get that outcome. Because it’s intentional, it’s almost entirely positive. Gene editing can, for example, make an organism less susceptible to a disease, or increase fertility.
Mutation just happens, and can be either positive or negative for the organism. Maybe you get resistance to disease. Maybe you get an extra finger. | d76eaf0e-b0c0-466c-94ee-759a048d6868 |
bz8npf | What causes migraines? | Literally anything.
Headaches/migraines are super, super hard to diagnose and treat properly because we really don't know that much about the brain. Because of this, they're not really well understood and a lot of what we know is anecdotal. For example...
Sometimes there's a genetic component, where they can run in the family. Sometimes your head is just weird.
I got regular migraines when I was a kid, but they pretty much stopped when I hit puberty.
My SO gets migraines when he overheats- either in the sun or just in a hot room.
My friend gets migraines if she eats asafoetida (garlic substitute).
My cousin got into boxing, got a concussion, and now can get a "thunder clap" headache if he stands up too fast. Never happened before the concussion.
My sister gets bad headaches- not migraines- whenever she starts her period. | 9ceef479-164f-4136-8bd7-3a9d095cfbce |
bz8wgv | Why electronics suddenly stop working | The most common failure points is the solder that connects the different internal pieces of the electronics to each other. After too many heat cycles they can break down and can desolder themselves which effectively breaks an electrical connection. Depending on what solder point breaks it can range from behaving weirdly to outright not turning on.
Another failure point is the integrated chip itself. Inside the chip are tiny transistors and those transistors can go bad. | 19f92296-6b57-4059-9f7b-4d3f0a450e13 |
bz907x | what do pharmacists really do? | All pharmacists(not techs) have intricate knowledge of drugs and interactions. They go to school for 6 years to learn how different drugs affect the body and how they interact. They are incredibly knowledgable in how drugs work and how they interact with each other. The title of Pharmacist is not easily earned. If you ask your Pharmacist a question about your prescription, they will answer you better than a doctor.
& #x200B;
Techs are certified to dispense drugs, they are not ana ctual Pharmacists, hence they ask you "Do you have any questions for your Pharmacists?" when you pick up your Rx. | 5e16046a-4585-42e3-bc3f-c6521aed02b7 |
bz99jj | Why do the ads before YouTube videos never seem to have trouble loading but the video itself will barely play at 360p? | Because they are on different servers.
The video might be an obscure one that only a few hundred people will ever watch but the advert will be pushed to millions of people watching a multitude of videos so it’ll be on a better server. | 7f778356-b8bb-46e7-b886-b58f25f05b3e |
bz9p42 | What causes the tentacles of the octopus to still move after being cut? | Octopuses have a unique nervous system - only about 1/3 of their neurons are in their brains, while the rest are in their arms. What this essentially means is that each arm has its own "brain" and can function without any input from the octopus's actual brain. | 914fcec6-9249-4ff5-8bf1-c007c1ff51fe |
bz9sp3 | What causes a birthmark, and why do they fade over time? | Melanin deposits (these guys determine your skin color) that make a lil cluster on some area of your body where there is more melanin thus appearing a different color. | 306362a3-25df-4aba-9417-72bc4aadcf54 |
bz9wwo | why is it that some of us get tired throughout the day and when we try to go to bed our brain goes 100 Mph? | Because of circadian rhythms within every cell in your body.
Post lunch slump is common across all people, some people find a short nap in the evening then going to bed at midnight or 1 am is better than sleeping from say 10 till 5 or whatever.
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As for hyperactivity in bed, you need better sleep habits. No phone or pc before bed, no caffeine after 3pm etc | 4f28fe87-4727-4884-a1cc-e7485ad3788a |
bza5kz | what could cause my phone to completely lose its 4G connection at the same spot during my daily commute? | One of two things. 1) The phone is switching cell towers and there's a minor loss of signal(sometimes due to overloaded switchboards depending on your carrier) or 2) the housing and shops have enough concrete and metal in them to cause a small deadzone. I used to work for Verizon Wireless. Its fun explaining why a phone can loose signal for no apparent reason and usually it's the first reason. | cb3ad8b8-3aeb-4e76-b023-39d9cb6c2602 |
bza9wl | why do all solar planets rotate counter clockwise but venus don't | First of all, Uranus also rotates the opposite way.
Second, science doesn't have a firm explanation. In Venus' case, the leading theory has to do with Venus' thick atmosphere; initially, Venus shared the "proper" direction, but over eons, the Sun's gravitational pull may have caused tidal disturbances which eventually slowed, stopped, then reversed its rotation. | 0afa9ae4-c593-4fc2-996c-5dcf07fbcca2 |
bzaamo | What properties does milk have that soothe the tongue/mouth after we eat something super spicy? | The substance that makes hot sauce hot is called capsaicin. It’s a non-polar substance - that has to do with the distribution of electric charges in the molecule - polar means strongly positive on one side and strongly negative on the other, while non-polar means no strong charge in any direction. Polar liquids (like water) dissolve polar things. Non-polar liquids dissolve non-polar things. Fats are strongly non-polar, which is why they serve blue cheese dressing with hot buffalo wings, and why milk cools your mouth down more than water - blue cheese dressing or milk will dissolve more of the capsaicin than water will. | 65ca6b28-63ed-4f42-b45c-43ba271a3c64 |
bzaco7 | Most of not all of us prefer hot showers, due to it being more comfortable. However, same cannot be said said for a hot room to sleep in, which is labelled uncomfortable. Why is this? | Water has a higher heat capacity than air and it also conducts heat better than air. This means that 70 degree air is refreshing for many people, but 70 degree water would have them shivering uncontrollably. The water conducts heat away from the body much faster than air (which is a good insulator) and it also has the ability to absorb and store that heat, making it an ideal material for wicking heat away from the body.
So in order to prevent a shower from sucking out all of your body heat, we use hotter water. When you get out of the shower you also lose heat from the evaporation of the water off of your skin and hair. This is why toweling off doesn't make you cold, but staying wet and letting the air dry you does. So the heat from the shower also helps with the transition when you get out, before you've dried off. | 34d1a4a9-4c06-4a46-add8-920e756babe6 |
bzai96 | what affects the rate of air cooling down at night? | It maybe because of Microclimate. Areas closer to water body cool down faster because of land breeze and sea breeze phenomenon. Whereas some other areas with lots of green cover may also help in rapid cooling down of that area.
In case of desert, sand's physical properties leads to rapid cooling at night.
In other places, altitude of the place may also affect the cooling down at night. | 2e681d84-9882-46f7-9f0a-39ac771b3b01 |
bzaiuo | how can you suddenly become allergic/intolerant to watermelon | So I've experienced this first hand with sea food. RIP to my endless Love of crawfish.
You can develop allergies for different reasons. In my case, it was eating a *lot* of different seafood over a couple years. But that's not the only reason it can happen. My allergist explained that your body kinda does a "reset" every 5 to 7 years, and that includes what your body considers to be a threat.
A friend of mine recently discovered she's allergic to a plethora of things because she stopped eating beef for a while, and the next time she ate it she got sick. It turned out shed actually been allergic for years, but her body was sort of conditioned to deal with the "poison". Taking a break killed her tolerance, and her immune system goes into overdrive with each new exposure.
Food allergies tend to work through the specific proteins in the food. (Like my friend can't eat beef or anything really similar to beef, like bison. I think the only red meat that's different enough is venison.) That's how those allergy tests work- it's a controlled exposure to what's causing symptoms and some similar things to try and narrow down what you're actually allergic to. Logically it makes sense you're reacting to watermelon if you have a reaction to other melon types. | f3025894-90bf-437f-8121-c09dd9175e35 |
bzalwa | How does grass spread? I’m pretty sure I’ve never seen grass seeds being produced by the grass you buy/plant | It does produce seeds but we usually cut it before it gets to that point.
Ever seen tall, yellowish grass? Or grass with sticky bits on the end or 'wheat-like' tips? That's the stage where it begins producing seeds and sometimes even flowers. | 85f703a6-ea5e-461a-95e6-f3777c3b5735 |
bzamp4 | Why do instruments sound different if sound is just vibrating air? | It all has to do with what they call timbre.
Different instruments may be capable of playing the same note or pitch, but they all do it differently. Not only is the pitch (or frequency of the note) being sounded, but also other frequencies get sounded, too. These might be overtones, or multiples of the intended frequency, or other non-multiple frequencies. Which additional frequencies are sounded, and their relative strengths compared to the pitch frequency, color the overall sound. That is the instrument’s timbre.
The timbre is a function of many properties of the instrument. An instrument that creates sound through cavity resonance, like a clarinet, will excite different frequencies than an instrument that creates sound through vibrating a string, like an electric guitar. And then different models of the same instrument can excite different frequencies through the use of different materials, or different playing skills, or slight changes in design, etc.
Hope this helps! | 6502b85e-8037-42ca-bdd8-6f8b1762b7ce |
bzargo | How do common OTC pain relievers like ibuprofen, aspirin, and acetaminophen work? Whats the difference between them? What makes them unsafe? | Aspirin and ibuprofen are both the same class of drug; they operate in the following manner:
There's a chemical in the body (a class of chemicals, actually) called the *cyclooxygenase enzymes.* This enzyme converts a chemical in the body into something called *prostaglandin H2*, which is itself converted into several other prostaglandins, ultimately attaching to nerve cells and signaling pain.
Aspirin and ibuprofen bind to cyclooxygenase and stop it from performing that first step. With less prostaglandin to attach to nerves, we feel less pain.
When it comes to paracetamol, we're not entirely sure how it works; it doesn't bind to COX in the body like aspirin does; rather, it appears to chemically alter the enzyme in the brain, ultimately performing the same sort of action.
In the case of paracetamol (acetaminophen), during the process of metabolism in the liver, some of it gets temporarily changed into a highly reactive, highly dangerous form. Normally, another liver enzyme combines with this dangerous form and renders it inert. An overdose of paracetamol causes more of it to get changed into the dangerous form, overwhelming the body's ability to make it safe.
This dangerous form destructively interacts with cellular membranes in the liver, causing widespread damage and leading to liver failure.
Aspirin poisoning is more widespread, not localized to the liver, and interferes with the metabolic process that would normally create ATP, the molecule that provides all of the body's cellular energy.
Unfortunately, my Google-fu is failing me at coming up with a simple explanation of ibuprofen poisoning. :( | fe7c94da-7816-424c-857d-ca707fe6c8f8 |
bzas7l | Why do humans have better equilibrium when steadily staring at an inert object/surface? | Balance is primarily controlled by the the inner ear however, vision is also used heavily to confirm what the ear is detecting. Closing your eyes for example, takes this confirmation away and makes it harder to maintain balance. If you are focusing on a moving object, your confusing your brain, your ear is saying "We're not moving" while your eyes say "We're moving".
It's similar to why some people get motion sickness, a disconnection between what the ear detects and what the eyes see make the brain think it was possibly poisoned. In the case of balance, the brain has difficulty figuring out which one to listen to (the ears or the eyes), which makes it hard to maintain proper balance. Focusing on a stationary object/surface helps keep your ears and eyes in agreement and makes balancing easier. | 1a5142dc-c0bc-43ad-9646-1b6ff95b73de |
bzay0k | What are iridescent rainbow clouds and how are they formed? | These sorts of clouds are caused by especially tiny ice crystals or water droplets in the air. Larger ice crystals produce lunar or solar halos, but tiny ice crystals or water droplets cause light to be diffracted – spread out – creating this rainbow-like effect in the clouds. :) | 3bfd1770-5de4-45f3-b230-361987d10932 |
bzb1yt | How is insurance profitable for insurance companies? | > What am I missing here?
Risk pools and terms.
The life insurance company is offering you $100k in coverage for $20/month for some fixed amount if time (let's say 20 years). Their also offering it to thousands of other people too.
Let's say they think there's a 4% chance you'll die over the 20 years. On the surface it seems like they'd get $4,800 and have a 96% chance of not paying out, but for more even odds they'll pool you with 10,000 other similar risk people so they can expect 400 to die over the term and they'll have to pay $40M but they'll pull in $48M in premiums from the whole group. They paid out $40M but still had $8M in profit
As you get older/sicker and your risk of dying during the term increases they'll either only offer you short terms or high premiums. You can get 20 years for $20/month but your grandma can probably only get a 5 year term for $250/month. They adjust the term and premium so they can always expect a slight profit over the term. | 21f3bea1-51af-4143-9d9d-c87a81cab522 |
bzb2hi | Why do our reflexes make us close our eyes partially when we hear a loud noise? | I think because its a defence mechanism to protect our eyes..involuntarily closure.. youre body senses something unsafe.. usually a loud noise is because something fell or dangerous happened as your brain has learned this over time | dba627ba-1811-4bec-94e1-ac437f3e0455 |
bzb3ey | How do spiders not get stuck to their own web? | Not all parts of the web are sticky. *If I remember right* (since I'm too lazy to google it right now) the radial stands (the straight ones from the middle out) are not sticky. The circular strands are. The spider just walks on the radial strands | 16beaaac-ede8-4b0e-9a11-7cdf5f0cce73 |
bzbfoi | What’s all the recent Keanu Reeves hype about? | E3, a huge gaming convention where all the major companies announce their upcoming releases, is currently going on. Among all the other publishers is CD Projekt Red most recently known for creating Witcher 3. That game is hugely loved by the internet for having been done right in basically every way. A single player RPG which is truly expansive with large amounts of polished content, along with similarly quality DLC. Those add on products for example contain more gameplay than many entire games.
CD Projekt Red has been working on a new game for several years now, the highly anticipated Cyberpunk 2077. It is another single player RPG except now set in the far future, based on the pen and paper RPG cult classic Cyberpunk 2020. CD Projekt has been teasing that it is almost ready for release and was expected to announce the release date at E3 this year.
Switching gears, Keanu Reeves is a celebrity actor known for making action movies and being a classy guy personally. Not only has he been making the well received John Wick movies but in a time of Hollywood sexual scandals all the word is that Reeves is a nice, respectful guy. Oh, and he also goes out to the gun range and really shoots competitively so his action movies are authentic.
So the internet loves CD Projekt Red and loves Keanu Reeves. The new trailer for Cyberpunk 2077 drops and it does indeed have a release date. However it also has a new main story character reveal, one of the coolest characters in the setting, a literal rockstar turned mercenary who is played by Keanu Reeves! This information is presented for the first time on stage at E3 by Reeves himself, an astonishingly well kept secret, and basically the internet gaming culture is still orgasming. | 07207908-9eea-4ee2-8fd9-0d05defdfeb0 |
bzbi2o | How are the causes of fires determined? | Fire will leave patterns. Where the fire first starts will be (generally) where it burned the hottest and the longest. They can find that, and then test for residues that will indicate if an accelerant was used.
In other cases it's easier. They will find a plugged in curling iron, or a furnace exploded. | e78971ea-74ce-4f92-9e6e-9020828c4cba |
bzblg7 | Why would we (USA) not go after the root cause and send resources to Venezuela to keep the people from needing to immigrate? | Because we want to 1. Discredit the very concept of “socialism/communism” and
2. We want to invade Venezuela in order to get their giant oil reserves | 6ce36dfc-10c2-4a8f-bac8-175e7dc022f7 |
bzbwxf | Why is tuna mostly sold canned? | Tuna is quite common in UK supermarkets. Literally sold anywhere there is salmon on sale. Tastes nothing like the tuna in a can and the texture is quite different too | b07f4d2f-40d1-47cd-9234-6c54ae4a4ce2 |
bzc33z | How does a city the size of Los Angeles not have a subway system? | There is a subway in Los Angeles, it’s just not very big. I rode it years ago. [Wikipedia info. ](_URL_0_) | 67de8a2d-f4fc-42f4-b7d9-0240650a8563 |
bzchwj | What about Shakespeare has made it almost universally taught in high schools? | It's basically the first good example of "modern" English literature. While some translation is usually done to replace obsolete or obscure wording, they're largely legible in their original form.
There are older texts of course, but much of it is drab religious or political material. Once you're out before the 1500s and widespread priting press usage, texts like the Canterbury Tales are written in illegible Middle English. | f41f0256-0982-4343-b549-94057f501566 |
bzci6r | What are cylindrical eye powers, how is it different from normal eye power? | The cylindrical power of the lens is the corrective element for the shape of your eye, it's used to correct astigmatism.
a person with a cyl of 0 has an eye which is near enough perfectly round and ball like, the further away from 0 you get (+ or -, they are the same but the way they are written changes the spherical power) the more squished, or like a rugby/american football the patients eyeball is.
Now, the cyl has a second part to it, called the axis, this is measured between 1 and 180, and it's the angle the eye is squished at (I can't remember whether 90 is vert or horizontal, it's been a decade since I sold glasses).
Cyl powers affect the spherical power by making it weaker on one axis, by the given value. so if you have a -1.00 spherical and -0.25 cyl at a right angle to the part of the lens that is -1.00 the lens would be different by 0.25 (+/-, again it's been a decade, sorry)
If you want a fun experiment find someone you know who has cyl in their lens, and something square or rectangular. Hold the lens so you can see the square/rectangle thing through it and then rotate the lens. you should see that the square/rectangle changes shape as the lens rotates. | 96d5d684-0ccf-471e-ae7e-eb5ff75c2443 |
bzckv8 | How are thoughts physically allocated in the brain? | The science isn't totally settled on how brains work, but what we do know goes something like this:
Each part of your brain relates to something specific. The smaller the part of the brain, the more specific the task (such as a tiny speck in your visual cortex being responsible for seeing *only* vertical lines). When you think of something, all the relevant parts of your brain light up in a cascade, each adding in their parts of your thoughts.
Memories, by contrast, are the at least partially the connections between neurons and the larger structures. There's a saying that goes "Nerves that fire together wire together," meaning that any time two components of your brain activate at the same time, under the same circumstances, the connections between those parts strengthen, thus making it more likely in the future that if one activates, the other will also activate. If you see fire and touch it, then get burned, your brain will wire the visual image of that fire to the memory of that pain, and thus you will think "fire burned me" every time you see fire.
Of course, it's immensely more complex than this, but that's the basic idea. | caff61b8-d5c0-40aa-86f4-69a473966494 |
bzcpeu | How do real-time databases work so fast | If I understand what I've researched while building my apps, unless you specificity tell it to, Firebase maintains a constant connection to your app while its open. This skips, albeit small, the time it takes for the device to connect to the database. | 56f9bc78-4a12-4b4b-9547-46dc792b0883 |
bzcpg9 | How does a genetic mutation reach critical mass to become a new species? | "Species" is a nebulous term. Scientists usually define it as the point when two populations of animals can no longer breed with each other, but there are other definitions.
Further more, there's no "critical mass" of mutations; I am different from my parents, and they're diffferent from their parents, and so on. At one point, my many-many times great-grandfather was an ape-like animal, and before that, a lemur-thing, then a rat-thing, then a lizard-thing, then a fish-thing and a slug-thing and, all the way back, a single microbe. There is a completely unbroken line of descent from the first life all the way to me, with hundreds of species in between, and yet every single one of my forefathers was the same "species" as their immediate parents. | 29d46e43-3b2b-4efb-b04c-7376df07aa2d |
bze17l | What are the obstacles preventing us from moving to plant-based plastics? | Partly the toxicity. However, plants require energy to grow (to power the tractors and crucially the fertilisers). This energy has an environmental impact.
We don't know what damage this is causing. Nor do we know what damage the waste plastic is causing.
As this is a judgement call and not fact at this point, most companies go for status quo. | eb36fc1d-5ba0-4d32-a78a-ab39400476b6 |
bze4tt | Why it is so difficult to create ps3 emulator? | The PS3 uses a radically different architecture than found in the average home PC. The PS3 used multi-core Cell processors instead of X86-64 as the PS4 does, so these processors need to be fully emulated. The problem there is that there's not enough of a performance gap between the Cell and a reasonably speedy X86-64 processor, so you don't have a lot of headroom to perform realtime CPU emulation. | d72c0975-4d9d-4659-9d71-47f71aa63be9 |
bze5si | why is it that after I sit down for a while and then stand back up and stretch my vision gets all dark and I get light headed ? | Blood feeds your brain. Your brain lets you see. Blood is pumped to your brain by the heart, and the heart is lower than the brain. This means that the heart must pump hard to push the blood all the way up.
When you stand up after sitting or laying, it must pump even harder! Since it's not used to it at first, it doesn't pump hard enough. So your brain does not get enough blood and you don't feel well. | 35c6d994-3433-4798-b1ab-623744e28a6a |
bzeq4f | to believe. My 5 yo daughter asked me what believing means, when her big brother said he didn't believe something she said. | When you believe something, you think what you heard is real.
When you don't believe something, you think what you heard is a made-up story, and is not true. | c7f18f6e-2b48-4fa4-8fbe-ccd3c2b240cd |
bzere2 | What makes some color combinations more aisthetically pleasing than others? | Mostly it comes to personal preference. I would recommend watching this video by Kurzgesagt about what makes humans 'like pretty things.' | 62abfad3-fbf7-490d-854d-25c3b474fafb |
bzesuo | How does live telecasts work and how do they switch cameras while the audience are watching the show or the concert lively? | There's the producer/director in some sort of master control room. This room has monitors that show the feed from all of the cameras and the director will tell the switcher operator when to switch to what camera. The director also has communication with the camera operators so he can tell them where to point & what to zoom in on. The director usually also has a script or timeline as to what is going to happen so he can prepare camera angles & positioning. | b21486a6-d02b-4191-adc7-b02ce5b467ed |
bzet63 | If dynamic range compression on songs is well known to lessen the quality if the music, then why does it continue to be done? | I imagine a combination of many people don't like silence, and automation.
If I'm listening to music and the artist decides that this next bit should be 2x as loud, im going to be annoyed as I set the volume to the level I, the listener, want. If I really want to sit and enjoy the music as intended that's one thing, but its much more common I just want it playing in the background where I would rather it all be about the same loudness
In summary people don't want the music to suddenly get really loud | 85457952-abd9-4ba7-a3ed-ea60a16c3288 |
bzezs1 | In car insurance terms, what is a Diminished Value Claim form? | The diminished value claim means they'll pay you money to compensate for the loss in value vs. a similar vehicle with no accident history. So let's say your car, even after fully repaired, is not only worth $17k due to the accident report on the CarFax, etc. then they'd pay you $1000. | 3757ed15-402f-43bf-9432-bed97ce9f43b |
bzf2re | What is the difference between meat and muscle? | There is no difference. Meat is muscle tissue.
There are other things on a typical "piece of meat", though. Fat, cartilage, sinew (the tough stuff between meat and bone). But the meat itself is the animal's muscle tissue. | 1335cafe-c945-406a-9cb2-3bc20fe340a8 |
bzffmv | Why does the earlobe sometimes grow around the backs of earrings and encase them in flesh? | Your skin is programmed to repair its self.
So your skin sees that it's been breached and tries to fix the hole.
However, your skin isn't very "smart".
It just grows to cover the damage. It only has two options, either make new skin that covers the inside (that's what you want) or make new skin that just covers everything (this is the one you don't want).
Your skin just does what's easiest. So unless the piercing is moved, removed periodically or otherwise positioned, then it just takes the easy route and covers everything.
Remember, one of your skins primary jobs is to keep the inside of you, inside. That's all it's trying to do. | cf06a4f5-da41-42f2-b151-fa7966536827 |
bzfg7j | Do the odds of being struck by lightning account for a total population or a percentage of population who are out in electrical storms? | It depends on the source, of course. Impossible to say without you citing a source for a figure. This is the problem with phrases like "the odds of you ________ are 1 in 500,000" - it doesn't define the conditions under which those numbers are achieved (population, time frame, etc). There is missing data which makes the number essentially useless.
This is why it's much, much better to state figures like "3 people are struck by lightning in the US every month" which states both the population (people in the US) and time frame. | b7f7eda6-7e11-4847-8ddc-27b72bee9f52 |
bzfjap | Why some acids are more corrosive than others? | Most organic acids, like citric acid, acetic acid (vinegar), etc. are "weak acids". This means that most of the acid molecules don't release the H+ ions that make them acidic. Because most of them aren't participating, the total effect is less.
"Strong Acids" include the usual suspects: Hydrochloric, Nitric, and Sulfuric acids, and others. These release all of their H+ immediately upon contact with water.
Of these 3, Hydrochloric is the least agressive, because while it is a strong acid, the Cl- that's left behind is pretty stable, and doesn't react much.
Sulfuric acid leaves sulfate, SO4--, which is reasonably inert. However, Sulfuric acid *really* loves water, to the point of ripping water out of other molecules, even things like carbohydrates, sugar, wood, meat, etc. This makes it "burn" many organic materials, but its really just dehydrating them, leaving mostly carbon behind.
Nitric acid has NO2-, which is a strong oxidizer, it loves to steal electrons from other compounds. This makes it actually *burn* things. > 90% nitric acid can set lab gloves on fire.
Hydroflouric acid is actually a weak acid, it doesn't release all its H+. However, the F- ions are *really* aggressive, they love to bond to silicon, carbon, and especially calcium. This means they eat through glass, displacing the oxygen out of SiO2, to get at the silicon. If spilled on your skin will pull all the calcium out of your blood until your nerves stop working and your heart stops. Its evil stuff, most professional chemists never work with it. | bcf25567-3a72-41da-a36d-6a346b9fc467 |
bzfkkz | How come they use heavy lead-acid batteries for conventional cars? | Because lead acid batteries are cheap. Most of the time when a internal combustion engine runs, it doesn't need a battery. You only need it to get it started.
Your alternative is to use a $500+ lithium battery that you only use maybe a few times a day for few seconds
Ev's and hybrids use the battery all the time as you're driving. So capacity and weight make up in performance. | 1537477a-4244-4a52-b5f0-c35e065b514c |
bzfpo5 | Why is melatonin known for causing “vivid dreams” when taken as a sleep aid? | Melatonin has very little research associated with it. Most of what is "known" about melatonin is anecdotal. That's the up-front warning. Otherwise, the limited research suggests that melatonin help regulate your sleep cycles so it can lengthen the phases of sleep where dreams happen. The longer the dram phase, the more bizarre the dreams get. There is also a little evidence to suggest that females have more bizarre dreams from melatonin than men. | 20a07af8-ed6c-444b-aaec-3fe01771b13e |
bzfrx5 | What is TCP/IP and why is it so prevalent in modern day computing? | Communicating on the internet generally uses 5 layers. Making it layered makes it easy to tackle the different subproblems individually. Let's take an email as example. I want to send an email to you, these are the questions at each layer:
* **Application layer**: What exactly is an email, compared to a webpage, a random file, ...? What exactly is an email address and how do I define you as the recipient, CC, BCC? How do I encrypt it?
* **Transport layer**: How fast can I send my email? How fast can you receive it? How can I be sure you received the full email in order? Does it even matter whether it's in order or not? (What TCP does)
* **Network layer**: How do I get from my computer to yours? Which routing path is the shortest/fastest? What if this router along the way fails, is there another route? (What IP does)
* **Data Link Layer**: How do I get from one computer to the next? (along the route we found above!) How do I send something across an Ethernet wire? What about wifi? (Ethernet, Wifi, Bluetooth are all defined here)
* **Physical Layer**: How do I transmit bytes over my connection, both wired as wireless?
So TCP is in the Transport layer, and provides all the reliability guarantees I questioned: retransmits, ordering, transmission speed, ... If you don't need all of this, for example when gaming, you use UDP. Most of the internet uses TCP. If you want realiability, look no further.
IP is in the Network layer, and makes up the routing. It's just the best scheme. Apart from the IPv4 to IPv6 upgrade, there is really no reason to change anything here.
**Conclusion: IP and TCP are just simply the best protocols in their league. Together they basically guarantee that the message reliably gets from A to B through the most efficient route.** | 2a011c96-3783-4da5-ac0c-48b67f0dfdc2 |
bzgdrb | Ground planes in circuit boards | you also want large low-ohmic equipotential surfaces between different signal lines and sections as shielding against induction. especially high frequency components.
plus heat spread.
plus less etching area (less consumption on chemicals).
plus easy wiring. | cc81a246-d29c-4d50-ab03-755c3caf3729 |
bzgfat | What actually happens when you delete something for your phone? | Your phone has an index that designates where empty space is. When you delete a file, that index just says "you can allocate and write over this space." Generally, that data still exists until overwritten, so this is how you can recover files that have been deleted by the operating system. | 025a7b77-79c6-45fe-8f42-638ee0d39cb4 |
bzgg6d | How do real time lightning maps detect and track them? | A lightening bolt creates a radio signal. These are easy to pick up. With ~~two or more receivers~~ you can calculate it's position.
Edit Should be three or more receivers. | 34c33c2b-cc02-414d-9fb7-21d1950eb219 |
bzgrwl | What are some huge differences between Asian food and Americanized Asian food? | all the most popular dishes exist in one way or another back in the home countries. but it is usually not the same compared to the american version. in general, americans like their food saltier, more deep fried options, and stronger/more seasoning, and less veggies in general so restaurants in America cater towards that flavor.
for example, those flamboyant sushi rolls with tons of toppings and sauces, don't really exist in that form in japan. the sushi in japan is more nigiri, sashimi based, and rolls will have less or no avocado, cream cheese, deep fried shrimp, and sauces. | fcb0db75-9e5b-4efc-8cdc-0c4ff614c296 |
bzh194 | How does the international community find out a country is enriching uranium for nuclear weapons? | We know what tools and supplies are used to do that, and some of them you can easily identify in spy satellite photos. Coupled with radiological readings from the area, because we know how to enrich uranium, we know what it looks like when someone doing it.
Some times, intelligence services have discovered shipments or orders of that equipment or supplies, or have plants inside the other country's government that alerted them, or there was a whistleblower of some sort.
Other times, it's just wild guesswork and poorly founded accusations being made for political reasons. | 450d53a3-0a49-415c-ae1a-0a82135ed40e |
bzh229 | how do lightning photographers capture lightning photos? | Change the shutter speed so the shutter is open longer to let light in. Also, use a tripod. When the shutter is open longer if you love the camera it will blur the image. | c8f55bf2-2f09-4c12-a997-336bfa49ebf0 |
bzh7me | The difference between the two types of solar panels | What two types are you talking about? There are many ways to classify solar panels. | d1795222-cdda-436f-ba1f-58cc7cd9a983 |
bzh9mg | When we rub our eyes and see shapes and colors, what is it we're actually seeing? | When you apply pressure to your eye, it presses on the fluid within your eye which presses on the retina. Your retina is what registers light and sends signals to the brain, and the pressure stimulates the structures in the retina, sending signals to the brain as if they had been stimulated by light. Your brain then interprets these signals as shapes and colors. | c6594f32-9734-41df-bc54-f699d5bfa7af |
bzhuoa | How can Choreography channels use popular music without copyright strikes? | Because in those cases, the rights holders opted to have the monetization from the video redirected to them. | e3730cf4-fb2b-459d-9d58-e9d5d23509de |
bzict9 | why are eggs almost universally sold in packs of 12? What made farmers agree to sell this way? | TLDR; Convenience, 1 shilling = 12 pennies, 1 egg = 1 penny. No need to make change.
Under a system that came to be known as English units, which was a combination of old Anglo-Saxon and Roman systems of measurement, eggs were sold by the dozen. It made sense to sell them that way because one egg could be sold for a penny or 12 for a shilling, which was equal to 12 pennies. That system held sway in the American colonies and persisted after the revolution, becoming part of the system known as U.S. customary units. Such units are used for consumer products and in industrial manufacturing.
The British have moved on, adopting a wholly new system of weights and measurements in 1824. But they still mostly sell eggs by the dozen.
Thus, in the United States, a vast majority of eggs are sold by the dozen, half-dozen and other multiples of 12. But in India and parts of Africa, it isn’t unusual to buy eggs by the piece, and in some countries they may be sold by 10s or 8s. | 559b0024-6275-426d-b25c-f08af37e2c81 |
bzie7k | Why does a wound seem to "hurt" more after you clean it? | Your blood is slightly salty (ie it contains ions) and your nerve cells are calibrated to that ionic concentration. When you have a wound coming into contact with either fresh water or very salty water, there will be a difference in ion concentration.
Your nerve endings get triggered by this change in ion concentration and all fire their signals simultaneously, which your brain interprets as pain. | f9ea5a6e-9b81-4cd5-9e8d-33494301cf1e |
bzij6f | what is your stomach actually doing when it makes sounds? | Mixing the food and digestive juices in your stomach by contracting the muscles in your stomach. Occasionally this will force air through a tiny gap with sometimes with liquid in the way. Hence the gurgling sounds. | 04c2f20b-299e-46c0-9bd6-9862ef9b3ca7 |
bzin6b | What's the difference from installing and downloading? | Instead of software, think dinner. Downloading is getting the ingredients from the store to your kitchen. Installing is turning those ingredients into a meal you can eat. | b0025649-d5d1-4bc5-854f-9e83c9815021 |
bzionp | where is water going? Why is the water crisis a thing and why isn't the water cycle preventing water scarcity? | Most water shortages are a shortage of treated water not a shortage of initial supply, you can only build up a limited storage of treated water and a treatment plant can only treat so much per month, so if the usage goes up or there is a slow down in the treatment then you can be left with a shortage, there could also be leakages of the treated water that are difficult to locate and repair | 0326cd35-640c-4820-91ec-69ce2c9cb86c |
bzj5uv | What exactly causes people to become unconscious/KO'd when they're in a fight? | There are at least two (potentially three) accepted mechanisms. Because this is ELI5 I will try to be brief.
Your brain is like Jell-O floating in a thin layer of fluid. This fluid is enough to cushion the brain for normal daily activities.
When an individual takes a quick blow to the head, that force projects through the bones and violently rocks the brain causing it to bump up against bones of the skull. Sort of like slamming on the brakes in a car when your body tries to keep moving but is held in place by a seatbelt.
This blunt trauma triggers a cascade of neuron (brain cell) firing because the delicate balance of chemicals is suddenly disrupted by bumping against the skull. Imagine throwing a big rock into the edge of a pond..the change is local but the ripple can spread throughout the whole pond. When the brain is overloaded in this way it shuts down, or “reboots” to use a computer metaphor.
A second reason is any rapid change in blood flow to the brain will very quickly cause unconsciousness. The carotid sinuses in the neck are partially responsible for monitoring and regulating blood flow to the brain. By suddenly stretching the carotid sinuses it can cause the arteries to spasm and temporarily cutoff blood supply to the brain. This too can cause instant unconsciousness.
Lastly, some people believe that trauma at the brainstem itself is the most important factor. If this area called the cerebellum is jolted forcefully it can interrupt the motor functions of the body and basically paralyze an individual for a short time (hopefully).
Side note: repeated trauma (concussions) to the brain will cause Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) where the brain starts to bleed and slowly break down. This is what we see in athletes who take too many blows to the head.
Edit: typos. | 4c5e057d-25ea-409d-b196-0af2fa427e5e |
bzjaoc | What is academic probation and how would somebody get it? | Academic probation happens to a person when their grades drop below a certain level. It usually happens when a person is really struggling with their class work, or when they simply stop doing it altogether. The GPA a person needs to drop below to be placed on academic probation varies from school to school, but it’s usually between the 2.0-2.5 range. | 8451accc-7e8f-4343-bbca-b2346a21c8ce |
bzjlwn | What determines the flow rate and volume of urine? | Determinants of smooth (laminar) flow:
- pressure inside your bladder (higher pressure if there's more pee in your bladder, and if you strain)
- size (radius) of your urethra (pee tube) and if any obstruction (enlarged prostate, urethral strictures)
- "thickness" (viscosity) of urine - typically wouldn't change
- length of urethra (male vs female) | 8433ca4b-c4b3-44b8-9f2a-e2fbde42f844 |
bzju79 | How can you pinpoint your location with GPS on your phone without service on the ground, but can’t do the same on an airplane? | It works in plane too....if you have an unobstructed view of the sky with at least 4 satellites.
Given cramped space and metal ceilinge of typical airliner body this is 50/50 chance of working if you're in window seat. But if you do it on a private small plane with a big plastic window, it works just fine. | 193dfaf6-f100-435f-b425-71c223d721e1 |
bzjxvd | Why does water that is "room temperature" feel so cold? | _URL_0_
Remember to search! This question was asked not that long ago. | e5ffb277-3a01-4b7f-9836-59aa04d49551 |
bzk5tg | When an OLED screen is cracked/dropped on a certain area, why do all the pixels in a column around or near the main cracking point change to one color? | OLED stands for Organic Light Emitting Diode. The "organic" part of that means carbon-containing molecules that are used to make the light instead of silicon chips. The particular molecules used in OLEDs tend to be air-sensitive, so when the screen cracks, they chemically react with the air and degrade until they don't work anymore. | aa67e816-7a12-48e6-84f2-00d431ecb18d |
bzk8ky | How do humans know how to have sexual intercourse without being shown? | In evolution, there is something called the Baldwin effect. It’s basically the idea that people that learn a behavior quickly are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing down their genes.
So the couple that figured out the birds and bees pretty quickly had babies and lots of them. The guys that stared at the snake between their legs and had no clue what to do with it, either didn’t have kids or it took them longer to do it, so they had less. Eventually that gene that makes mating “click” becomes dominant in the population and it becomes an “instinct”. Combine that with a sex drive that has also been passed down and you get 7 billion humans.
My guess is for the vast majority of humans, they’d figure it out without having to be taught. | cc920712-45b9-4fd9-9efc-996d7051b9af |
bzkbc2 | Why do programs or websites think I'm using a new device when I'm not? | Whenever you visit a site and authenticate, it saves a file called a cookie on your computer. When you revisit the site, the browser sends that cookie along. Then the site knows you're you.
If you clear cookies, the site no longer knows it's you and needs to authenticate again. | e60b7ea9-95f5-4469-911b-92af5fb837a3 |
bzkddi | What are the 22 states of matter? | TLDR: Its all subjective based on how scientists want to group things by properties but in daily life only the classical states matter: Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
A "state" of matter is a condition of being where a set of things in that state have a uniform set of properties, and that set is generally distinct from other states of matter. The 4 most common state of matter demonstrate this in most simple way. All other states are far less common though some are important in celestial objects or other extreme environments.
*Classical States*
**Solid**:
A set of atoms or molecules who maintain a constant volume and constant shape governed by the electromagnetic interaction between them via chemical bonding is considered a solid. Pretty understandably, all the planets and rocky bodies are solid as well as the cores of gas giants under extreme pressures.
**Liquid**:
A set of atoms or molecules with constant volume but are able to reshape freely without decreasing density, again interactions governed by the electromagnetic force.
**Gas**:
A set of atoms or molecules (un-charged & un-ionized)with neither constant shape nor volume where each particle only interacts with others by direct electromagnetic coulomb interaction (bumping into each other). After plasma, probably the second most common state of matter in the universe, forming the interstellar medium, nebulae, and gas clouds which are precursors to stars and solar systems
**Plasma**:
Same as a gas, only so hot that electrons are stripped from atomic nuclei and free to move on their own. Particles can interact over much longer ranges via the electromagnetic interaction since they are charged particles. The sun and other stars are made out of plasma, probably the most common state of matter in the universe.
*Exotic Matter*
**Neutron Degenerate Matter**:
When some stars die, the pressure of the collapsing gas and resulting supernova can become so extreme electrons are crushed into the atomic nuclei they normally surround, combining protons and electrons into neutrons. Since normal matter is 99.9% empty space (the nucleus of atoms is tiny compared to the space the electrons orbit), when a cluster of matter is only neutrons it can become far denser than a normal solid. A cubic centimeter of neutron matter has the mass of several thousand metric tons. A force called neutron degeneracy pressure prevents the neutrons from collapsing further leaving it stable as neutron stars for a very long time.
**Bose Einstein Condensate**:
This one is pretty much only found in laboratories. If you cool a cloud of gas particles very-very cold, near the coldest anything can be, strange things begin to occur. The cloud takes on the behavior of single giant (compared to a single atom or electron) quantum particle. Scientists use these to study quantum effects on slightly larger easier to observe scales.
**Time Crystals**:
Another one only found in either laboratories or only in mathematical theories, don't totally remember. In conventional solids that have a crystalline structure, there is an order or pattern of form that repeats over 3D space, an atom here-then a gap-then another etc. Time crystals have a pattern of form that repeats over time instead meaning they oscillate or move between states or forms with some regularity, even when there is no energy in the system.
...etc...
States of matter are also subjective since there are states that blur the lines. A super-critical fluid is somewhere between a gas and a liquid, non-newtonian fluids are somewhere between a gas and a solid. Even within a state, scientists can subdivide if it help with theories or research such as crystalline solids like quartz with repeating patters vs amorphous solids like glass with no clear arrangement. | 054d0f25-a14a-4405-abe7-0953f1a76726 |
bzkgv9 | How do software updates work? | I’ll take a stab at an analogy.
You’ve got a collection of cookbooks on your shelf that you bought and installed. Turns out there are some problems in various recipes. So back at the cook book company they get the writers to fix the problems in the various cookbook recipes. They collect these fixes and maybe a new recipe or two and put them into a new version of the collection.
Periodically, you cookbook collection will reach out over the Internet to the cookbook factory server and ask if there’s a new version. It will send in the request it’s own version (let’s s ay publish date)
Based on the version you gave it, it knows which books it needs to send down. Any change in a recipe in any book means that the whole book needs to be sent down. But any unchanged books can often be left unchanged.
These cookbooks that have been updated are put on the shelf in place of the old one, which is thrown away.
So in this example the recipes are code compiled into “books” which are libraries or executables. The whole shelf/collection of cookbooks is the application. | 5add4939-12cc-4279-ab92-dc86768cd784 |
bzkrt7 | Why do software updates skip numbers. E.g. 1.17 to 1.34? | There will be internal versions of builds that may not be ready to release into the wild due to bugs or incomplete features. You need to keep track all versions for tracking and QC | 7e524680-0267-42bf-a6f2-9379d62c502e |
bzku5s | Canadian football. | It's pretty similar to the NFL. The main difference is that there are three downs (so many more turn overs) and the field is a different size. | 333340d0-35c1-456a-8215-d3545fb107f2 |
bzl0or | Why is it recommended that half of our total calories should come from Carbohydrates? | Because that’s what the companies producing sugar paid health organizations to believe and blame fats for it instead. The food guide is the biggest lie grandfathered in originating from total bs. | 2267ae96-3bc6-46b1-820d-eb7c781bc40a |
bzl5fl | what are the effects of salty ocean water on wounds? Is it ok to swim with open wounds, or should you cover them? | It's not so much the salt that would cause problems. It's the other things in the water that could.
It depends how healed it is and how large/deep the wound is. In general I'd advise against it. But if you're talking about a little scratch, then you'll be fine (or... May be fine). | 9c9787a1-8c59-456a-b50c-6147d2a486ff |
bzl5xr | How does wireless phone charger work? | There are two coils. One in the phone, one in the charger. The electricity from the outlet flows through the coil in the charging plate. This creates a magnetic field around the coil. When the coil in the phone is on the plate, the magnetic field induces a current in the phones coil, which charges the battery. Src: my physics 2 class | 30d55c88-6dd0-46f5-b823-7c1a606c1e6e |
bzld6t | What does it mean to play "Devils Advocate"? | When the Catholic church makes certain important decisions, like making someone a saint or appointing a cardinal, they elect someone to represent the interests of the Devil, as a sort of "let's make sure that we have covered all bases" move. This is to make sure that they are making a good, well-thought decision. The word for "lawyer" in many languages is "advocate", so essentially someone is acting as the Devil's lawyer.
& #x200B;
The term has moved into common English (and probably lots of other languages) to mean the person who brings up a point that people do not necessarily agree with, but should be considered. | eeb3b9f5-7bc7-4d4d-aa53-b1b847ab6892 |
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