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e8cee4e428329a7668584ba76bf8de13 | 22.837 | 7 Consolidated potential requirements and KPIs | |
e8cee4e428329a7668584ba76bf8de13 | 22.837 | 7.1 Consolidated functional requirements | |
e8cee4e428329a7668584ba76bf8de13 | 22.837 | 7.1.1 General | Table 7.1.1-1 General Consolidated Requirements
CPR #
Consolidated Potential Requirement
Original PR #
Comment
CPR 7.1.1-1
The 5G system shall be able to provide 5G wireless sensing service in a sensing service area location using sensing transmitters and sensing receivers.
PR 5.2.6-1
PR 5.9.6-1
PR 5.11.6-1
P.R 5.14.6-1
PR 5.1.6-2
CPR 7.1.1-2
Subject to regulation and operator policy, the 5G network shall be able to activate, configure, and deactivate 5G wireless sensing based on parameters such as location and network conditions (e.g. network load).
P.R 5.14.6-3
P.R 5.13.6-7
PR 5.8.6-6
CPR 7.1.1-3
Subject to user consent, regulation, and operator’s policy, the 5G system shall be able to collect non-3GPP sensing data from authorized non-3GPP sensors and securely provide it to 5G network.
PR.5.4.6-1
PR 5.21.6-2
CPR 7.1.1-4
The 5G system shall support continuity for 5G wireless sensing service (e.g. for sensing a moving object).
PR 5.23.6 -1
PR 5.18.6.1
CPR 7.1.1-5
Subject to operator’s policy, the 5G System shall be able to provide the 5G wireless sensing service in case of roaming.
PR 5.24.6-1
CPR 7.1.1-6
Subject to user consent, regulation, and operator’s policy, the 5G system should support the combination of the 3GPP sensing data and non-3GPP sensing data to derive a combined sensing result.
PR 5.21.6-3
PR 5.4.6-4
PR 5.27.6-2
CPR 7.1.1-7
Subject to regulation and operator’s policy, 5G network shall provide prioritization among 5G wireless sensing services (e.g. prioritizing between communication and sensing services).
PR 6.2.2-1
CPR 7.1.1-8
The 5G system shall be able to enable UEs without 5G coverage to use unlicensed spectrum to provide 5G wireless sensing service.
PR 5.25.6-3
PR 5.1.6-5
PR 5.25.6-2
CPR 7.1.1-9
Subject to regulation, the 5G system shall enable UEs supporting V2X application to perform 5G Wireless sensing when not served by RAN using the allowed ITS spectrum and unlicensed spectrum.
PR 5.30.6-2
CPR 7.1.1-10
The 5G system shall be able to provide sensing service to detect, identify and/or track one or more objects (e.g., UAVs, birds) and their environment.
Note: There is a need to clarify “identify” during normative phase.
PR 5.12.6-2
PR 5.10.6-1
CPR 7.1.1-11
Based on operator’s policies, operator’s control and regulation, the 5G system shall be able to collect 3GPP sensing data from sensing receivers for processing.
PR 5.2.6-4
PR. 5.3.6-1
PR. 5.6.6-1
PR. 5.7.6-1
PR 5.8.6-2
PR.5.1.6-4
PR 5.9.6-3
PR 5.11.6-2
PR 5.13.6-3
PR 5.17.6-4
PR 5.2.6-5
PR. 5.3.6-2
PR 5.13.6-1
PR 5.21.6-1
CPR 7.1.1-12
Subject to operator’s policy, the 5G system may be able to use sensing assistance information to derive the sensing result.
PR 5.22.6-2 |
e8cee4e428329a7668584ba76bf8de13 | 22.837 | 7.1.2 Configuration and authorization | Table 7.1.2-1 Configuration and authorization Consolidated Requirements
CPR #
Consolidated Potential Requirement
Original PR #
Comment
CPR 7.1.2-1
The 5G system shall be able to provide mechanisms for an MNO to configure UEs supporting V2X application for 5G Wireless sensing service when not served by RAN.
PR 5.30.6-1
CPR 7.1.2-2
Subject to regulation and operator’s policies, the 5G network shall be able to configure and/or authorize or revoke authorization of sensing service, sensing transmitter(s) and sensing receiver(s) for 5G wireless sensing service.
NOTE: Such configuration and authorization can be based on sensing transmitter or sensing receiver location, specific time, sensing duration, sensing accuracy, target sensing geographical area, establishing of communication to transfer sensing data, etc.
PR 5.2.6-3
PR 5.15.6-1
PR 5.9.6-2
PR 5.20.6-2
PR 5.8.6-1
PR 5.8.6-4
PR 5.28.6-1
PR 5.1.6-1
PR 5.5.6-3
PR 5.11.6-4
P.R 5.13.6-8
P.R 5.10.6-2
PR 5.17.6-3
PR 5.24.6-2
CPR 7.1.2-3
Based on location, the 5G network shall be able to ensure that sensing transmitters and sensing receivers use licensed spectrum only in network coverage and under the full control of the operator who provides the coverage.
NOTE 1: The above requirement does not apply for public safety and V2X networks with dedicated spectrum, where 5G wireless sensing can be allowed out of coverage or in partial coverage as well.
PR 5.25.6-1
PR 5.20.6-1 |
e8cee4e428329a7668584ba76bf8de13 | 22.837 | 7.1.3 Network exposure | Table 7.1.3-1 – Network exposure Consolidated Requirements
CPR #
Consolidated Potential Requirement
Original PR #
Comment
CPR 7.1.3-1
Subject to operator’s policy, the 5G network shall be able to provide secure means to report sensing result to a trusted third-party requesting information about a target object when specific requested conditions are met.
NOTE: These conditions could be e.g. the target object distance from the restricted area border or entering restricted area.
PR 5.13.6-6
CPR 7.1.3-2
Subject to operator’s policy, the 5G network shall be able to provide secure means to enable trusted third-party to request discovering a sensing group in the proximity of the UE that is requesting a 5G wireless sensing service from application server.
PR 5.19.6-2
CPR 7.1.3-3
Subject to operator’s policy and regulation, the 5G network shall provide secure means for a trusted third-party to request 5G wireless sensing service based on specific parameters (e.g. refresh rate, period of time, sensing KPIs, geographical location) and to receive the corresponding sensing results.
PR 5.11.6-3
PR 5.13.6-4
PR 5.12.6-3
PR 5.12.6-5
PR 5.12.6-4
PR 5.5.6-1
PR 5.5.6-2
PR 5.25.6-4
PR 5.2.6-6
PR 5.9.6-4
PR 5.7.6-2
PR 5.15.6-2
PR 5.14.6-2
PR 5.10.6-3
PR 5.13.6-5
PR 5.22.6-1
PR 5.27.6-1
PR 5.1.6-3
PR 5.4.6-2
PR 5.4.6-3
CPR 7.1.3-4
Subject to operator’s policy, the 5G system shall be able to provide secure means for a trusted third-party to receive sensing results with contextual information.
PR 5.8.6-5
PR 5.3.6-3
CPR 7.1.3-5
Subject to user’s consent, regulation and operator’s policy, the 5G network may provide secure means to expose to a trusted third-party the combined sensing result derived from the joint processing of the 3GPP sensing data and non-3GPP sensing data.
PR 5.21.6-4
CPR 7.1.3-6
Subject to operator’s policy, the 5G network may provide secure means for the operator to expose information towards trusted third-party on whether a given sensing service is available and the estimated quality of the given service for a certain geographic area and time.
PR 5.2.6-8
PR 5.10.6-5
PR 5.18.6-3
CPR 7.1.3-7
Subject to operator’s policy, the 5G network may enable secure means for a trusted third party to provide sensing assistance information.
PR 5.32.6-1 |
e8cee4e428329a7668584ba76bf8de13 | 22.837 | 7.1.4 Security | Table 7.1.4-1 Security Consolidated Requirements
CPR #
Consolidated Potential Requirement
Original PR #
Comment
CPR 7.1.4-1
The 5G system shall provide a mechanism to protect identifiable information that can be derived from the 3GPP sensing data from eavesdropping.
PR 5.16.6-1
CPR 7.1.4-2
The 5G system shall limit the exposure of the sensing results only to third party authorized to receive that sensing results.
PR 6.1.2-1
CPR 7.1.4-3
The 5G system shall support encryption, integrity protection, privacy of the 3GPP sensing data, non-3GPP sensing data and sensing results, to protect the data inside the 5G system.
PR 5.27.6-4
PR 5.27.6-3
PR 5.23.6 -2
PR 6.1.2-2
CPR 7.1.4-4
The 5G system shall support appropriate sensing KPIs of 5G wireless sensing for both situations where consent can be obtained from the sensing targets, and where it cannot.
PR 6.1.2-3
CPR 7.1.4-5
Subject to regulation and user’s consent, the 5G network may associate sensing results and identity of the user together for further processing for a sensing target that has a UE and the UE is subscribed in the same network.
PR 6.1.2-4 |
e8cee4e428329a7668584ba76bf8de13 | 22.837 | 7.1.5 Charging | Table 7.1.5-1 Charging Consolidated Requirements
CPR #
Consolidated Potential Requirement
Original PR #
Comment
CPR 7.1.5-1
The 5G system shall be able to support charging for the 5G wireless sensing service (e.g. considering sensing KPIs, duration).
PR 5.20.6-4
PR 5.2.6-7
PR 5.28.6-2 |
e8cee4e428329a7668584ba76bf8de13 | 22.837 | 7.2 Consolidated potential KPIs of sensing results | Scenario
Sensing service category
Sensing service area
Confidence level [%]
Accuracy of positioning estimate by sensing (for a target confidence level)
Accuracy of velocity estimate by sensing (for a target confidence level)
Sensing resolution
Max sensing service latency
[ms]
Refreshing rate
[s]
Missed detection
[%]
False alarm
[%]
Example Services
Horizontal
[m]
Vertical
[m]
Horizontal
[m/s]
Vertical
[m/s]
Range resolution
[m]
Velocity resolution (horizontal/ vertical)
[m/s x m/s]
Object detection and tracking
1 (use cases 5.1; 5.13 – level1)
Object to be detected indoor: Human, object to be detected outdoor: UAV
95
10
10
N/A
N/A
10
NOTE 2
5
NOTE 3
1000
1
5
2
intruder detection in smart home,
UAV intrusion detection
2 (use cases 5.13 – level2, 5.6, 5.14)
Object to be detected outdoor:
Human, UAV
95
2
5
1
N/A
1
NOTE 2
1
NOTE 3
1000
0.2
0.1 to 5
5
UAV flight route intrusion detection,
intruder detection in surroundings of smart home, tourist spot monitoring
3 (use cases 5.2, 5.7, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.23)
Factory (100m2), crossroad, highway, railway [air]
NOTE 4
Object to be detected: Animal, Human, UAV, Vehicle
95
1
1
1
NOTE 5
1
1
NOTE 5
NOTE 8
1 x 1 NOTE 9
100
NOTE 6
1000
NOTE 10
5000 for detection in highway
0.05 to 1
NOTE 11
2
2
pedestrian/animal intrusion detection on a highway/railway,
sensing at crossroads with/without obstacle,
UAV flight trajectory tracing
UAV collision avoidance,
AMR collision avoidance in smart factories
4 (use cases 5.20, 5.22, 5.25, 5.27, 5.32)
factor and public safetyy, indoor/outdoor
Object to be detected: Animal, Human, UAV, AGV/AMR, Vehicle
99 for public safety, otherwise, 95
0.5
0.5
Pedestrian: 1.5,
Vehicle: 15, otherwise: 0.1
Pedestrian: 1.5, otherwise: N/A
0.5m
factories: 0.5 x 0.5
100 to ~5000
0.1
1
3
Parking Space Determination,
UAVs/vehicles/pedestrians detection near Smart Grid equipment (NOTE 7),
immersive experience based on sensing,
integrated sensing and positioning in factory hall, public safety search and rescue or apprehend
5 (use cases 5.28)
ADAS
Object to be detected: Vehicle
95
short-range radar:r 2.6
Long range radar:1.3
0.5
0.
N/A
0.4
0.6
Short range radar: 20;
Long range radar:50
Short range radar: 0.05;
Long range radar: 0.2
10
1
ADAS
Environment monitoring
6 (use cases 5.3 and 5.5.)
Rainfall monitoring and flooding
NOTE 14
Object to be detected: Rain
95
10
0.2
NOTE 15
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
60000
1<10min,
0.1 to ~5
3
rainfall monitoring,
flooding monitoring
Motion monitoring
7 (use cases 5.15, 5.24)
Indoor human motion -sleep monitoring NOTE 12, sports monitoring NOTE 13,
95
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
60000
60
5
5
sleep monitoring,
sports monitoring
8 (use case 5.29)
Hand gesture recognition
95
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.375
0.3
5 to ~50
0.1
5
5
Hand gesture recognition
NOTE 1: The terms in Table 7.2-1 are found in Section 3.1.
NOTE 2: To detect the UAV existance (e.g., for intrusion detection), the sensing resolution of distance is 10m [25].
NOTE 3: To detect the UAV existence, the sensing resolution of velocity is 10m/s [25].
NOTE 4: The typical size (Length x Width x Height) of UAV is 1.6m x 1.5m x 0.7m, the typical size of pedestrian is 0.5m x 0.5m x 1.75m, and the typical size of engineering vehicle is 7.5m x 2.5m x 3.5 m.
NOTE 5: The KPI values for UAVs are sourced from [25] and [40] and for factories are sourced from [47].
NOTE 6: The value 100 ms is sourced from [28] and is valid for sensing at crossroads.
NOTE 7: The safe distance between pedestrian/vehicle and transmission station/line is 0.7m/0.95m [46]. The size of the park of Smart Grid depends on the real environment.
NOTE 8: To track the UAV flying (e.g., for collision detection and warning), the sensing resolution of distance is 1m [25].
NOTE 9: To track the UAV flying, the sensing resolution of velocity is 1m/s [25].
NOTE 10: To realize 1m granularity tracking, when the velocity resolution is 1 m/s, the maximum corresponding sensing service latency is 1s.
NOTE 11: Commercially available Detect and Avoid (DAA) radar systems for small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have an approximate 1Hz scan rate [40].
NOTE 12: Additional KPI on human motion rate accuracy of 2 times/min (0.033 Hz).
NOTE 13: Additional KPI on human motion rate accuracy of 3 times/min (0.05Hz) and 4 times/min (0.07 Hz)
NOTE 14: Rainfall estimation accuracy is1 mm/h[39] and describes the closeness of the measured rainfall estimation to its true rainfall value.
NOTE 15: This value is for the water level. Description related to NOTE in clause 5.5.1 suggests 0.01 m. [≤0.2] is derived from the water level where people feel difficulty in walking. |
e8cee4e428329a7668584ba76bf8de13 | 22.837 | 8 Conclusion and recommendations | This TR analyses a number of use cases for integrated sensing and communication enabled by the 5G system. The potential new requirements for each use case are compiled into a set of potential consolidated requirements, including functional requirements and performance requirements, wherein a set of KPIs are defined. Clause 7 contains consolidated potential requirements and KPIs for 5G wireless sensing service. It is recommended that these be considered for normative phase. Annex A (informative): Change history Change history Date Meeting Tdoc CR Rev Cat Subject/Comment New version 5.2022 SA1#98e S1-221249 - - - Initial Skeleton 0.0.0 5.2022 SA1#98e - - - Output of approved pCRs from SA1 #98e Includes: S1-221250; S1-221251; S1-221252 0.1.0 9.2022 SA1#99e - - - Output of approved pCRs from SA1 #99e. Includes S1-222300; S1-222301; S1-222302; S1-222303; S1-222304; S1-222305; S1-222306; S1-222307; S1-222308; S1-222309; S1-222310; S1-222311; S1-222312; S1-222313; S1-222314; S1-222315; S1-222316; S1-222317; S1-222318; S1-222319; S1-222320; S1-222321; S1-222322 0.2.0 11.2022 SA1#100 - - - Output of approved pCRs from SA1#100. Includes: S1-223333; S1-223484; S1-223485; S1-223061; S1-223716; S1-223577; S1-223494; S1-223495; S1-223496; S1-223578; S1-223498; S1-223579; S1-223580; S1-223701; S1-223690; S1-223730; S1-223731; S1-223590; S1-223592; S1-223488; S1-223604; S1-223606; S1-223607 0.3.0 03.2023 SA1#101 - - - Output of approved pCRs from SA1#101. Includes: S1-230600; S1-230601; S1-230549; S1-230692; S1-230693; S1-230808; S1-230798; S1-230639; S1-230696; S1-230558; S1-230539; S1-230697; S1-230647; S1-230648; S1-230538; S1-230121; S1-230177; S1-230547; S1-230649; S1-230541; S1-230626; S1-230698; S1-230754; S1-230755; S1-230653 0.4.0 03/2023 SA#99 SP-230219 - - - Clean-up by MCC for presentation to SA 1.0.0 05/2023 SA1#102 - - - Output of approved pCRs from SA1#102. Includes: S1-231421; S1-231306; S1-231759; S1-231742; S1-231478; S1-231481; S1-231482; S1-231428; S1-231483; S1-231135; S1-231681; S1-231432; S1-231307; S1-231237; S1-231375; S1-231449; S1-231274; S1-231450; S1-231437; S1-231793; S1-231811; S1-231794 1.1.0 06/2023 SA#100 SP-230506 - - - Clean-up by MCC for approval by SA 2.0.0 06/2023 SA#100 SP-230506 - - - Raised to v.19.0.0 by MCC following approval by SA 19.0.0 2023-09 SA#101 SP-231013 0014 F Removing editor s notes 19.1.0 2023-09 SA#101 SP-231013 0009 1 F Update of definitions 19.1.0 2023-09 SA#101 SP-231013 0001 2 B Adding new contents for clause 8 Conclusions and recommendations 19.1.0 2023-09 SA#101 SP-231013 0005 2 F Updates the definition of sensing assistance information 19.1.0 2023-09 SA#101 SP-231013 0003 4 C CR on Use Case on Coarse Gesture Recognition for Application Navigation and Immersive Interaction 19.1.0 2023-09 SA#101 SP-231013 0016 1 B Adding CPRs in the consolidated functional requirements section 19.1.0 2023-09 SA#101 SP-231013 0013 3 F Updates on consolidated KPI tables 19.1.0 2023-09 SA#101 SP-231013 0002 5 F Modification of the consolidated functional requirements section 19.1.0 2023-12 SA#102 SP-231397 0017 1 F Correction on consolidated KPI table for sensing 19.2.0 2023-12 SA#102 SP-231397 0019 4 F Update sensing consolidated KPI table 19.2.0 2023-12 SA#102 SP-231397 0018 1 D Adding security title 19.2.0 2024-02 - - - - - Re-introducing missing figure 5.19.1-1 19.2.1 2024-03 SA#103 SP-240202 0021 D Editorial clean-up of TR 22.837 section 7 19.3.0 2024-06 SA#104 SP-240795 0022 2 D Removal of trademark and product name from Sensing TR 19.4.0 |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 1 Scope | The present document provides Stage 1 potential 5G service requirements for ambient power-enabled Internet of Things (i.e., Ambient IoT). In the context of the present document, an Ambient power-enabled IoT device is an IoT device powered by energy harvesting, being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (e.g., using a capacitor) and the energy is provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable power source. An ambient IoT device is expected to have lower complexity, smaller size and reduced capabilities and lower power consumption than previously defined 3GPP IoT devices (e.g., NB-IoT/eMTC devices). Ambient IoT devices can be maintenance free and can have long life span (e.g., more than 10 years).
The aspects addressed in the present document include:
• Study use cases of ambient power-enabled IoT and identify potential service requirements, including:
▪ Security aspects, e.g., authentication and authorization, etc.
▪ Network selection, access control, connection, mobility and identification management
▪ Charging (e.g., per data volume, per message)
▪ Aspects related to stakeholder models (e.g., involving interactions in PLMNs, NPNs or other parties)
▪ Positioning
▪ Aspects on device life cycle management related to 3GPP system.
• Study traffic scenarios, device constraints (e.g., power consumption) and identify potential performance requirements and KPIs
• Gap analysis between the identified requirements for ambient power-enabled IoT and what is already defined by existing 3GPP requirements.
Note: How Ambient IoT device performs energy harvesting is out of scope of this technical report. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non‑specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document.
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93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1].
Ambient IoT device: An ambient power-enabled Internet of Things device is an IoT device powered by energy harvesting, being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (e.g., using a capacitor).
Store-and-forward communication: in the context of this study, store-and-forward communication is an operation mode of a 5G system where a single UE can collect and store information from an Ambient IoT device before forwarding this information to the network.
Ambient IoT Direct network communication: represents communication between the Ambient IoT device and 5G network with no UE conveying information between the Ambient IoT device and the 5G network.
Ambient IoT Indirect network communication: represents communication between the Ambient IoT device and the 5G network where there is an Ambient IoT capable UE helping in conveying information between the Ambient IoT device and the 5G network.
Ambient IoT device to UE direct communication: represents communication between an Ambient IoT device and an Ambient capable UE with no network entity in the middle. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1].
LPWA Low Power Wide Area |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 4 Overview | In today’s IoT networks, the IoT devices are usually powered by conventional batteries with a limited lifespan. The usage of conventional batteries has influenced the way these IoT devices are deployed and used. The astronomical growth of IoT network together with the deployment of huge numbers of IoT devices, has pushed up the maintenance costs, including both labor and battery costs. Large numbers of conventional batteries have been disposed of every year and only a small part of them can be efficiently recycled. In some extreme environmental conditions, maintaining the operation of IoT devices and replacing the batteries can be quite challenging. In this regard, battery-free IoT devices are proposed and it as they have the potential to improve the network performance and sustainability, and expand the application scenarios. By removing the conventional battery, the device size and cost can be significantly reduced, thus paving the way to a variety of new applications.
In the 5G era, various LPWA technologies such as eMTC, NB-IoT andRedCap. have been developed to fulfil the increasing demand from verticals. These LPWA technologies have achieved low cost, low power and massive connections and can meet requirements of many applications. However, there are still many use cases and applications that cannot be addressed. For example, conventional battery-powered device cannot be deployed in extreme environmental conditions (e.g. high pressure, extremely high/low temperature, humid environment). Also, the use of conventional battery devices can be limited where maintenance-free devices are required (e.g. where the devices are inaccessible and it is not possible to replace the device battery). Finally, ultra-low complexity, very small device size/form factor (e.g. thickness of mm), longer life cycle, etc. are required for mass market use cases.
Ambient power enabled IoT is a promising technology to fulfil the unmet market requirements stated above. An Ambient power-enabled IoT device is an IoT device powered by energy harvesting, being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (e.g. using a capacitor) and the energy is provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable power source. This study targets at describing the use cases and potential requirements in support of ambient IoT devices with lower complexity, smaller size, reduced capabilities and lower power consumption than previously defined 3GPP IoT devices (e.g. NB-IoT/eMTC devices) with an emphasis on improving network efficiency. Ambient IoT devices can be maintenance free and can have long life span (e.g. more than 10 years).
Therefore, a new kind of IoT service for the verticals will be enabled by combining ambient power-enabled IoT with cellular networks, vastly benefitting the 3GPP ecosystem. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5 Use cases | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.1 Use case on Ambient IoT on automated warehousing | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.1.1 Description | The automated warehouse inventory scenario includes multiple stages, as shown in the figure below, which are divided into verification and unloading, gate-in inventory, inventory, gate-out inventory and check & loading. Along with the transfer, storage and inventory of goods, a large amount of warehousing information will be generated. This information generally has the characteristics of frequent data read operations and large data volumes. Ambient IoT devices are attached to items of different values and usage, such as pallet containers and individual product, and relevant communication equipment is deployed. Through the information interaction between communication equipment and tags, accurate and rapid inventory and efficient management of storage information can be realized in each stage.
.
Figure 5.1.1-1: Automated warehouse inventory |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.1.2 Pre-conditions | The 5G network equipment used for inventory is deployed in the warehouse according to the needs of automated warehouse inventory scenario:
- Ambient IoT devices containing contain the assigned information, which can be read and written by the 5G network, get attached to different warehouse items, such as pallet containers, storage racks, forklift and individual product;
- The warehouse management platform is a trusted 3rd party and has subscribed the Ambient IoT services and could have interaction with the 5G network with necessary inventory information; |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.1.3 Service Flows | When some goods in one batch are delivered to a gate of the warehouse and are ready for the gate-in operation, the management platform selects a gate inventory mode.
There are two gate inventory modes supported by both the management platform and the 5G system.
• Manual-Triggered Mode: The inventory task is triggered by the command sent from the management platform, so the 5G system simply execute the command (e.g., start the inventory task).
• Auto-Triggered Mode: The inventory management system set the gate inventory mode to “Auto-Triggered”, the 5G network send discovery signal periodically to discover Ambient IoT devices within the gate area; if at least one Ambient IoT device is discovered, then the 5G system start inventory task automatically.
The goods arrive near the door of the warehouse, 5G network will perform gate inventory procedure according to the trigger from the management platform.
1. Ambient IoT devices establish communication with the 5G network, and send their own identity and corresponding goods information to the 5G network.
2. The 5G network sends the obtained information to the management platform;
3. The management platform generates a list of gate-in inventory results according to the inventory data and necessary information received from Ambient IoT devices by the continually inventory operation.
4. When the goods are placed on shelves in the warehouse and have been stored for a certain period of time, the management platform starts the indoor inventory task periodically for double check of the goods (total goods or per different batch/group), and generates a list of tags to be inventoried, sends the list to the 5G network;
5. The 5G network receives the list and sends large-scale/specified inventory signals;
6. The Ambient IoT device in the 5G network coverage establish communication with the network, and the 5G network interacts with the corresponding devices according to the inventory requirements to obtain goods information;
7. The 5G network sends the acquired goods information to the management platform;
8. The management platform summarizes the received information and generates a list of inventory results.
9. When the goods are ready for shipping and arrive the gate area, similar to gate-in operation, 5G network perform gate inventory procedure according to the platform's selection, interact with Ambient IoT devices and send the obtained information to the management platform.
10. The management platform generates a list of gate-out inventory results. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.1.4 Post-conditions | With the support of 5G system, automated warehousing could be realized to improve the efficiency of goods management. If the inventory result list is consistent with the purchase/shipment list, the administrator can obtain the inventory result list, and update the inventory list in the management platform; If the result is inconsistent with the purchase or shipment order, the administrator would receive a notification/warning. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.1.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | In previous releases, SA1 has finished several studies about IoT topic to introduce SA1 requirements in TS 22.011[9], TS 22.278[7], TS 22.368[6] and TS 22.261[8] to address requirement for IoT business about device lifetime, power consumption, data transmission and communication mechanism. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.1.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [P.R.5.1.6-001] The 5G system shall be able to support communication with Ambient IoT device which is battery-less or with limited energy storage (e.g., capacitor).
[P.R.5.1.6-002] The 5G system shall support to provide collected information from Ambient IoT devices to the trusted 3rd party.
[P.R.5.1.6-003] The 5G system shall support suitable security mechanisms for Ambient IoT devices, including encryption and data integrity.
[P.R.5.1.6-004] The 5G system shall be able to support the authentication and authorization mechanisms of Ambient_IoT devices.
[P.R.5.1.6-005] The 5G system shall be able to manage (e.g. provide service parameters, activate, deactivate) multiple Ambient IoT devices in bulk.
[P.R.5.1.6-006] The 5G system shall be able to provide Ambient IoT service with the following KPIs
Table 5.1.6-1: KPI Table of Ambient IoT for automated warehousing
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Automated warehousing
1s (note 3)
99%
NA
<100/128bits/s (note 4)
96/128 bits (note 1)
[NA]
30m indoors
NA
5~10km/h
NA
NA
NA
2~3 m (note 2)
Note 1: Message size refers to the Ambient IoT device identifier used for goods identification in this use case;
Note 2: Three-dimensional positioning (both horizontal and vertical) is considered;
Note 3: End to end latency refers to the time taken for an Ambient IoT device to transmit the message;
Note 4: User-experienced data rate is calculated as the message size (96/128bits) transmitted within 1s time period; |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.2 Use case on medical instruments inventory management and positioning | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.2.1 Description | More and more medical instruments are utilized in hospital. They always need to be cleaned and sterilized, and shall withstand certain conditions e.g., high temperature, high pressure or humidity. Traditional inventory management for the medical instrument is usually operated manually, which is inefficient and even in some cases, causes serious accident e.g., lost or invalidity. To improve safe and efficient utilization of the medical instrument, remote medical instrument inventory and online maintenance are being developed.
For the remote inventory and online maintenance, the medical instrument is needed to be supplied with Ambient IoT device. Considering the working condition of the medical instrument, this kind of Ambient IoT device should be battery-less or with limited energy storage capability, maintenance-free and should have long service life time. Through 5G network and the IoT device, the medical instrument exchange inventory management and positioning information with medical instrument management platform.
Following is an example of service flow to illustrate an inventory and positioning operation for medical instruments. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.2.2 Pre-Conditions | Network operator UU deploys a new service “Ambient IoT” through its 5G system. Hospital Z is subscribed to the new inventory management service for its orthopaedic instruments (e.g. orthopaedic knives, orthopaedic scissors, orthopaedic forceps, orthopaedic hooks, orthopaedic needles, orthopaedic scrapers, orthopaedic cones, orthopaedic drills, orthopaedic saws, orthopaedic chisels, orthopaedic files / shovels, orthopaedic active instruments, etc)
A number of Ambient-IoT devices recording different orthopaedic instrument information are stuck on these orthopaedic instruments. They are usually indoor stored in the instrument warehouse or medical instrument storage room or special storage cabinet.
The Ambient-IoT device is battery free or with limited energy storage capability.
These Ambient-IoT devices attached in the orthopaedic instrument are with very simple capability and not applications installed on them. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.2.3 Service Flows | Belle is a nurse of Hospital Z. She has the authorization to remotely manage orthopaedic instrument through the inventory management platform of the hospital. She can operate this work in the hospital or out of the hospital.
1. Belle wants to acquire the inventory information of orthopaedic forceps. She uses her phone to send inventory request to the inventory management platform of the hospital. The platform requires the 5G network to collect inventory information of orthopaedic forceps in predefined duration, e.g., 10 seconds.
2. The 5G network then sends signals to the Ambient-IoT devices in Hospital Z. After receiving the signal, the Ambient IoT devices are active and can receive messages from 5G network.
3. The 5G network can help to transmit the “read” command from the inventory management platform transparently or to translate the command to ask the Ambient-IoT devices attached on the orthopedic forceps to report its status information which can be the serial number of the orthopaedic forceps (16 bits), usage status (2 bits), usage records (128 bits), years of use (6 bits), number of usage (18 bits), maintained status (2 bits), being stored at the predefined or indicated physical addresses of the Ambient IoT device.
4. Ambient-IoT devices on the orthopaedic forceps report the inventory information stored at the corresponding physical address to the inventory management platform of the hospital via 5G network.
5. The inventory management platform sends the inventory information to Belle's phone.
6. After receives the status list of the orthopaedic forceps, Belle selects a pair of orthopaedic forceps from the list of orthopaedic instruments and clicks on “positioning request”. The request is passed to the inventory management platform. The inventory management platform asks 5G network to collect the position of the selected orthopaedic forceps.
7. The selected orthopaedic forceps is now being transported in the hospital handcart from Hospital Outpatient building to Hospital Inpatient building. It’s moving speed is less than 6km/h.
8. The 5G network calculates the position of the selected orthopaedic forceps after receives response of the Ambient-IoT device attached on the orthopaedic forceps.
9. The 5G network then delivers the position information to the inventory management platform.
10. The platform responds the position information to Belle’s phone.Thus, Belle acquires the position of the selected orthopaedic forceps on her phone. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.2.4 Post-Conditions | Hospital Z utilizes Ambient-IoT service to support the remote inventory management of medical instrument. Belle can read the information of medical instrument. She can also find a medical instrument through the positioning information provided by Ambient IoT service. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.2.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | None |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.2.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR 5.2.6-001] The 5G system shall be able to communicate with an Ambient-IoT device.
[PR 5.2.6-002] The 5G system shall be able to provide group communication for a group of Ambient-IoT devices.
[PR 5.2.6-003] The 5G system shall be able to provide a mechanism to expose the information collected from an Ambient-IoT device to a trusted 3rd party.
[PR 5.2.6-004] The 5G system shall be able to support positioning for an Ambient-IoT device.
[PR 5.2.6-005] The 5G system shall be able to provide communication service with KPIs listed in Table 5.2.6-1 for the Ambient IoT device/s.
Table 5.2.6-1: KPIs for use case of Medical Instrument Inventory management
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Medical instrument inventory management and positioning
Several seconds
99%
NA
<2kbit/s
(note 1)
176bit
≥1000/km2
(note 2)
50m indoor
200m outdoor
NA
Stationary or walking speed
<6 km/h
NA
NA
NA
3 m to 5 m indoor
Note 1: User experienced data rate is calculated based on inventory information (176 bits) within time period of e.g. 100 ms;
Note 2: It refers typical medical instrument density condition in Chinese hospital. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.3 Use Case on Ambient IoT devices in substations in smart grids | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.3.1 Description | With around 80 million kilometres of transmission and distribution lines worldwide, electricity networks are the backbone of secure and reliable power systems. As stated in the World Energy Outlook 2020 [2], significant investment takes place in new network capacity between 2019 and 2030 as a result of growing demand for electricity, the addition of new renewable generation capacity and the need to develop smart grids. The expansion of electricity networks to 2030 is about 80% more than over the past decade. Around 30% of the increase in transmission lines and 20% of the increase in distribution network lines are attributable to the increase of renewables. Over the next ten years, around 16 million km of existing distribution lines and 1.5 million km of transmission lines need to be replaced or digitalised, together with switching equipment, transformers, meters and other crucial components. In regions with older power systems, such as the United States and the European Union, roughly one-fifth of current networks need to be replaced or digitalised; this corresponds to 2.7 million km in the United States and 3.7 million km in the European Union. More than 60% of global line replacements and new lines are in emerging market and developing economies, with China alone accounting for a third of what is needed (over 7 million km).
Smart grids with wide use of IoT devices have a vital role to play in supporting the penetration of variable renewables electricity sources. IoT offers a wide number of applications in the energy sector, i.e., in energy supply, transmission and distribution, and demand [3]. In particular substations are a significant part of the electrical power grid. Through these stations, the voltage level is converted from high voltage to low voltage using (transformer). The substation transfers power to distribution stations by the transmission lines (see (a) in Figure 5.3.1-1). Monitoring electrical substations are necessary to detect faults and treat them, because if left unattended, it may lead to electrical problems and cause long-term consequences. These problems not only cause energy losses but also lead to electrical outages and losses in expensive equipment, in addition to injuries and accidents such as fire. Therefore, monitoring of substations and their equipment is important to ensure safety, protection, and stability in the electric power networks. Different types of sensors (e.g. temperature and humidity sensors) can be used in the outdoor ultra-high voltage substation (see (b) in Figure 5.3.1-1) to detect the anomaly and trigger predictive maintenance. In addition, various sensors can be used in other use cases in the power transmission and distribution networks (see (c) to (e) in figure F.3.1-1) for remote monitoring and protection purposes.
Overview
Outdoor ultra-high voltage substation
(Possible issues such as poor contact can cause faulty service.)
Indoor/outdoor shielding cabinet
(Problems such as poor wire connection can cause short circuit or even fire.)
Underground transmission and distribution lines
(Possible issues include that the underground cables can be cut or bitten by rats, and can be damaged due to the faulty drainage system.)
Aerial transmission and distribution lines
(Possible issues include that the aerial cables can be vibrated or displaced, and difficult to provide power sources for sensors to monitor these parameters.)
Figure 5.3.1-1: Transmission and distribution networks in smart grids
For these use cases, the data acquisition process is typically not latency-critical, but a large number of sensors have to be efficiently connected, especially considering many of these sensors have limited power source and relatively frequent data transmission (every 5-15 minutes) is expected in some cases (e.g., sensor data is collected once per several seconds for critical equipment monitoring and protection). Moreover, lifespans of the field IoT devices are expected to be one decade or longer, which is one of the main differences compared with consumer products. Many production systems are subject to regulatory approvals (e.g., safety certification), changes to a running production system have often to be avoided. Often sensors are deployed in locations that are inaccessible, where physical replacement would be unduly expensive. Research continues to develop efficient communication techniques to meet the requirements, among which Ambient IoT [4] is very promising to enable wireless communication with minimum energy consumption. The Ambient IoT devices typically are battery-less or with limited energy storage capability, and obtain energy from the environment. The communication power consumption of such Ambient IoT devices are expected to be a few hundred μW [80] [81] [82] [83]. Moreover, communication service availability with sufficient 5G coverage is important especially for remote monitoring of the critical equipment. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.3.2 Pre-conditions | In this use case GreenGrid has service level agreement with GreenMobile to deploy 5G network to enable the communication of these Ambient IoT devices with the network. As part of the service level agreement, GreenMobile provides energy efficient communication and management services to GreenGrid including:
- interfacing with GreenGrid’s grid monitoring and management platform;
- ensuring the lifespan of the Ambient IoT devices of 10-15 years;
- providing energy efficient device management for the Ambient IoT devices based on the instructions from the grid monitoring and management platform;
- providing energy efficient operation (e.g. inventory, read, write) the Ambient IoT devices based on the instructions from the grid monitoring and management platform;
- providing sufficient positioning information of the Ambient IoT devices;
- providing energy efficient security mechanisms for the communication between Ambient IoT devices and the network.
GreenGrid has installed wireless sensors, one form of Ambient IoT devices, in the outdoor ultra-high voltage substations of their power transmission and distribution networks to monitor the corresponding parameters to detect malfunctioning and broken elements in the surrounding environment. This environment is typically monitored using various types of sensors such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors and vibration sensors. Remote monitoring along with a classification of the anomaly can help with predictive maintenance. For example, the sensor data (e.g. temperature, humidity) can be used to detect high-temperature problems (which is a typical indication of poor connection), excessive humidity (which could be due to floods), etc. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.3.3 Service Flows | 1. The 5G core network receives the request from the application function (in this case GreenGrid’s grid monitoring and management platform) to operate on the Ambient IoT devices in a certain area. The 5G core network starts to operate on these devices accordingly. Once detecting the signals from the 5G network these Ambient IoT devices can respond to the command.
2. These Ambient IoT devices send the identification information to the 5G core network and complete the authentication procedure.
3. The Ambient IoT devices (wireless sensors) measure the environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, pressure and vibration.
For temperature, humidity and pressure measurement, typical sampling rate is 10 Hz with sample size of 32 bits, thus the data generation per Ambient IoT device is about 320 bit/s. For vibration measurement, typical sampling rate is 10 Hz with sample size of 96 bits, thus the data generation per Ambient IoT device is about 960 bit/s.
4. The 5G core network, based on the requests issued by the application function, performs operations such as "inventory", "read" and "write" on the Ambient IoT devices correspondingly. "Inventory" operation is to read the Ambient IoT device identifier. "Read" operation is to read sensor data. "Write" operation can be used to configure the Ambient IoT device.
5. The 5G core network then sends the results of the operations to the application function. The application function includes diagnostic functions that analyze the sensor data and detect the anomaly and trigger predictive maintenance when necessary. Typically, the sensor data is collected once per several seconds.
6. The 5G system is also expected to provide positioning service for these Ambient IoT devices, which can be for device management purpose (e.g., to automatically identify the locations of the Ambient IoT devices) or for security reason (e.g., to make sure the devices have not been removed). The positioning for these purposes is not expected to be performed frequently. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.3.4 Post-conditions | The 5G system enables efficient communication, with enhanced security and tens of meter-level positioning accuracy, for the Ambient IoT devices installed in the power transmission and distribution networks for remote monitoring and protection purposes. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.3.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | Service requirements for MTC (Machine-Type Communications) have been captured in TS 22.368 [6] since release 10, which specifies the service requirements for network improvements. In addition to the common service requirements, specific service requirements have also been defined corresponding to the following MTC Features:
- Low Mobility;
- Time Controlled;
- Small Data Transmissions;
- Infrequent Mobile Terminated;
- MTC Monitoring;
- Secure Connection;
- Group Based MTC Features:
- Group Based Policing;
- Group Based Addressing.
Resource efficiency is one of the key service requirements for IoT, for which there are a few requirements specified in 3GPP TS 22.278 [7] and 3GPP TS 22.261 [8]. The target IoT scenarios have been described as
As sensors and monitoring UEs are deployed more extensively, the need to support UEs that send data packages ranging in size from a small status update in a few bits to streaming video increases. A similar need exists for smart phones with widely varying amounts of data. Specifically, to support short data bursts, the network should be able to operate in a mode where there is no need for a lengthy and high overhead signalling procedure before and after small amounts of data are sent. The system will, as a result, avoid both a negative impact to battery life for the UE and wasting signalling resources.
The related service requirements are kept at a relatively general level, e.g.
The 5G system shall minimize control and user plane resource usage for data transfer from send only UEs.
The 5G system shall minimize control and user plane resource usage for stationary UEs (e.g. lower signalling to user data resource usage ratio).
The 5G system shall minimize control and user plane resource usage for transfer of infrequent small data units.
The 5G system shall optimize the resource use of the control plane and/or user plane for transfer of small data units.
Additional consideration needs to be given in support of Ambient IoT devices that are battery-less or with limited energy storage capability, which present new challenges to the 5G system. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.3.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR.5.3.6-001] The 5G system shall support energy efficient communication mechanisms (i.e. minimizing the overall and peak device communication power consumption) for Ambient IoT devices.
[PR 5.3.6-002] The 5G system shall be able to support energy efficient security mechanisms for Ambient IoT devices, including authentication, encryption and data integrity.
[PR 5.3.6-003] The 5G system shall support a mechanism to interface a 3rd party application to manage and operate on the Ambient IoT devices.
[PR.5.3.6-004] The 5G system shall be able to collect charging information for using Ambient IoT services on per Ambient IoT device basis (e.g., total number of communications per charging period).
[PR 5.3.6-005] The 5G system shall be able to collect charging information per application for using Ambient IoT services (e.g., total number of Ambient IoT devices per charging period).
[PR 5.3.6-006] The 5G system shall provide the network connection to address the KPIs for the use of Ambient IoT devices in substations in smart grids, see table 5.3.6-1.
Table 5.3.6-1: Potential key performance requirements for the use of Ambient IoT devices in substations in smart grids
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Remote monitoring of transmission and distribution networks in smart grids
1 s (note 4)
99%
NA
< 1kbit/s
(note 5)
Typically
< 100 bytes
(note 1)
< 10,000 /km2
(note 3)
Outdoor: typically 50-200 meters
[several km2 up to 100 000 km2]
(note 2)
Stationary
5-15 min
NA
NA
several 10 m
NOTE 1: Electronic Product Code standard [5], this size is the payload size.
NOTE 2: The service are refers to the overall size of transmission and distribution networks. Typically, the size of the individual substations varies from 100m x 200m to 500m x 600m.
NOTE 3: The device density is calculated based on an individual substation, where typically several hundreds of Ambient IoT devices are required to monitor the environmental parameters.
NOTE 4: This is calculated based on assumption that the sensor data are collected once per several seconds.
NOTE 5: For temperature, humidity and pressure measurement, typical sampling rate is 10 Hz with sample size of 32 bits, thus the data generation per Ambient IoT device is about 320 bit/s. For vibration measurement, typical sampling rate is 10 Hz with sample size of 96 bits, thus the data generation per Ambient IoT device is about 960 bit/s. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.4 Use case on supporting Ambient IoT in Non-Public Network for logistics | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.4.1 Description | The logistic chain is composed of different processes, such as warehouse inbound and outbound, etc. During the inbound, warehousing inventory needs to be done in order to track whether all the goods are inventoried. After the outbound, the cargo needs to be tracked to ensure that corresponding goods are moving to the right destination. This tracking that happens whenever the cargo moves across a specific area (e.g., equip with portals). The warehousing inventory and cargo tracking need the support of Ambient IoT in non-public network.
In the case of warehousing inventory, there are tons of goods waiting to be inventoried. A pallet is used for carrying goods (each pallet for maximumly 100 goods) and each pallet passes through a base station (e.g., integrated with a scanner) which can scan all the goods on the pallet and complete the inventory for those goods. The time interval for two neighboring pallets to pass through the base station is usually short (e.g., less than 3min). With the introduction of Ambient IoT devices, the logistics service provider can have its own NPN and perform the warehousing inventory using the NPN. All goods can communicate directly with the base station or send the data to the base station indirectly through a relay.
In the case of cargo tracking, A wagon carries many pallets with goods (more than 10 pallet per wagon) and travels to the destination. In order to track the goods within the wagon, several toll gates are set up among the route of the wagon. Whenever the wagon passes through the toll gate, the data of all goods are required to be sent to the toll gate which can then forward the data to the proper application server for tracking. The service provider of logistics may set up the tracking equipment on certain toll gate to track the data of goods carried by wagons. The efficiency for tracking the goods carried by wagon will be dramatically increased.
In the two processes described, the Ambient IoT devices used can be either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (i.e., using a capacitor).
Figure 5.4.1-1: Ambient IoT in non-public network for logistics |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.4.2 Pre-conditions | The service provider has service agreement with the Network Operator. The service agreement includes the provisioning of NPN to the service provider.
The service provider set up its own NPN for managing the Ambient IoT devices in logistics.
The use case of logistics in 5.4 can be split into 2 key processes, which are warehousing inventory and cargo tracking.
Process A: Cargo warehousing inventory
A service provider of logistics has its NPN with the support of Network Operator for the access of Ambient IoT devices (e.g., tags) for tracking the good within each pallet (each pallet for more than 150 goods). Alternately, the service provider set up its own NPN for the purposes. The service provider of logistics uses licensed band or unlicensed band for accessing the NPN.
All the Ambient IoT devices conduct onboarding and provisioning for NPN credentials. Ambient IoT device registers with the onboarding NPN and obtains the NPN credential with low energy cost.
All the Ambient IoT devices register with the NPN.
Process B: cargo tracking
A service provider of logistics has its NPN with the support of Network Operator for tracking the Ambient IoT devices (e.g., tags) carried by wagon. Alternately, the service provider set up its own NPN for the purposes. The NPN is set up on the toll gate along the road for tracking the cargo.
All the Ambient IoT devices conduct onboarding and provisioning for NPN credentials. Ambient IoT device registers with the onboarding NPN and obtains the NPN credential with low energy cost. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.4.3 Service Flows | Process A: Cargo warehousing inventory
1. When each pallet passes through the base station, all the Ambient IoT devices within the pallet complete the inventory by echoing the request for inventory from the base station.
2. After a short internal of time (less then 3min), the base station inventories the goods carried by the next pallet.
Process B: cargo tracking
1. All the Ambient IoT devices register with the NPN when the wagon carrying the cargo passes through the toll gate.
2. All the Ambient IoT devices within the wagon sends the response to the base station on the toll gate upon the receipt of the request from the base station. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.4.4 Post-conditions | Process A: Cargo warehousing inventory
1. Inventory information is obtained by the service provider, who can proceed with the warehouse outbound.
Process B: cargo tracking
1. By receiving the tracking information of the cargo, the service provider knows that corresponding goods are moving to the right destination. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.4.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | TS 22.261 has following requirements:
- The 5G system shall support operator-controlled alternative authentication methods (i.e., alternative to AKA) with different types of credentials for network access for IoT devices in isolated deployment scenarios (e.g., for industrial automation).
- The 5G system shall support the capability to operate in licensed and/or unlicensed bands.
Existing specification support alternative authentication method with different types of credentials for network access for IoT devices. For Ambient IoT device, the alternative authentication method should be light-weight in order make sure that the cost of power consumption caused by the authentication is strictly controlled.
Existing specification support the capability for 5G system to operate in licensed and/or unlicensed band. For Ambient IoT device, it should also be able to connect to the 5G network using licensed and/or unlicensed band. Service provider may decide to use licensed band or unlicensed band based on the situation of local spectrum and the SLA between Service provider and other parties (e.g., Network Operator, industry partner, etc.). Ambient IoT device operating in unlicensed band should have the same performance (e.g., transmission range) with the one operating in licensed band. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.4.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR.5.4.6-001] 5G system shall support network access for Ambient IoT devices while considering the constraint power consumption.
Note: The above requirement applies to both NPN and PLMN. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.5 Use case on intralogistics in automobile manufacturing | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.5.1 Description | The automobile manufacturing industries are constantly looking for ways to increase productivity by improving inventory accuracy and material flows. Therefore, intralogistics for production facilities in automobile factories have been targeting at these goals by achieving timely visibility of inventories (a.k.a. precise materials scheduling) to achieve optimum efficiency in production. Specifically, it involves stocking, dispatching, and sorting. It is no surprise that there are competing technologies for supporting small-scale inventory, which at times would require human involvement. With the advent of Industry 4.0, manufacturing requires a much higher automatic intralogistics performance [10]. This means more key areas inside large manufacturing facilities would require highly-efficient and automated inventory of materials and parts. Ambient power-enabled IoT (Ambient IoT) service provided by 5G can be expected to meet the demanding needs by providing communication to Ambient IoT devices with good performance, with the Ambient IoT solely dependent on harvested ambient energy, being maintenance-and-battery-less or with limited energy storage capability, extremely small, thin, and of low complexity, very light-weight, and with a long lifespan. For this use case, communication service availability with sufficient 5G network coverage in the service area is important. Additionally, the 5G system can provide Ambient IoT devices with positioning services, as full automation would require AGVs or forklifts to fetch materials at accurate locations within the large storage areas. Moreover, the 5G system provides intrinsic core network functions to manage and authenticate Ambient IoT connections, enabling operators to build more interesting cases together with their business partners.
Automobile company A uses standardized load containers to realize flow of materials. The load containers are purchased, owned and managed by Company A. With its business growing, Company A is integrating the latest and advanced production and logistics management systems to ensure the production facilities are modernized for Industry 4.0. In quest of this, intralogistics at Company A is expected to automatically identify and track individual goods and materials throughout production facilities: not only at the dock where materials enter the production facilities, but also in the large floor-level storage areas, further in the sorting areas and down at production lines. Similar to the norm of the automobile manufacturing industry, a typical production facility of Company A covers a total area of around 600,000 square meters. Company A uses unique identifiers (e.g. 96 bit or 240 bit EPC codes) to distinctly identify load containers.
Fig. 5.5.1-1: Intralogistics in automobile manufacturing
Prior to deciding on a future-proof solution, a comprehensive analysis (e.g., ROI) is carried out by Company A to verify Ambient IoT’s suitability for the long-term business objectives. By virtue of many of Ambient IoT’s attractive wireless communication characteristics, Company A came to the conclusion of a positive case. To effectively meet their intralogistics demand, it entails installing around 1300 stationary “readers” strategically per typical production facility (600,000 square meters), where in total around 800,000 Ambient IoT devices would be physically present at the same time. To keep track of the production process, normally 20 Ambient IoT devices need to be read per second per “reader” (e.g., fast-moving AGVs passing a gate). After verifying with operator O, Company A adopts Ambient IoT by having a service contract with the operator, which is commissioned to design and deploy 5G network coverage within Company A’s automobile production facilities and then to accordingly enable and manage Ambient IoT service. Wherever needed in the production facilities, sufficient network coverage is assumed.
It is in the huge floor storage area where the loaded containers are kept, accurate positioning service is needed by AGVs for pick-up, once certain materials or parts are needed by a production line. At Company A, the floor storage area is divided into blocks with the dimension of 18m by 18m, in each of which a stationary “reader” is deployed. Each block is further divided into grids of the size slightly larger than a load container, whose length is around 1.5m. To achieve uninterrupted material flow, Company A decide to use the space of two grids for parking load containers holding the same materials. In this way, as a load container holding certain material at a given grid is carried away by an AGV, the same material loaded in another container would always be available at the grid just next to it.
The personnel Sylvain at Company A attaches each of the load containers with an Ambient IoT device, where a unique code is written in its microchip. Ambient IoT devices are very thin non-battery powered or with limited energy storage capability IoT devices, which instead function using an energy harvesting mechanism that produces a limited amount of power. A typical energy harvesting device can produce up to a few hundred microwatts [11] (e.g., less than 250 micro-Watts). In the production facilities of Company A, an Ambient IoT device can be connected to the 5G network and the communication is enabled. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.5.2 Pre-conditions | An Ambient IoT device can obtain energy by collecting energy sources such as solar and radio waves. Each load container is attached with an Ambient IoT device for supporting intralogistics. Ambient IoT devices have the capability of storing information needed by the inventory process. Base stations installed inside car manufacturing facilities provide network coverage. The communication service availability is achieved by providing seamless 5G network coverage inside the service areas. The 5G system delivers application data to the intralogistics management system of the car manufacturer. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.5.3 Service Flows | 1. Company A uses Ambient IoT devices attached to their load containers to support automated intralogistics process for improved productivity. They send load containers to various suppliers in order to bring back ordered goods, materials and parts.
2. By returning to Company A’s automobile manufacturing facilities, large amount of load containers first enter the dock area. There the 5G network transmits signals intending to start inventory process. Since the Ambient IoT devices harvest power from the environment, once detecting the signals from the 5G network the Ambient IoT devices can respond by starting random access.
3. 5G network (i.e., core network) authenticates and authorizes Ambient IoT devices.
4. Based on the requests issued by the application function, the 5G network performs the automatic inventory operation (read out pre-written unique IDs in Ambient IoT devices) of the large number of incoming load containers entering the dock area fast and efficiently. The read-out information is sent by 5GC to Company A’s inventory system (connected to ERP/APS), where the inventoried information is updated or saved.
5. Once registered in the inventory system, load containers are stored in the floor storage areas. The load containers (still loaded with various materials and parts) can be inventoried by Company A either periodically or when requested.
6. As automobile manufacturing process continues (almost non-stop), a picking list is automatically generated according to the production plan managed by the APS (Advanced Planning and Scheduling) system.
7. According to the information in the inventory system, AGVs (or forklifts) with their respective picking lists are sent to the floor storage areas to pick up the corresponding load containers (holding different materials or parts). As the floor storage area is extremely huge, Company A utilize the 5G network positioning service for AGVs to quickly fetch the target load containers holding the exact materials requested in the pick-up list. Since the floor storage area is divided into 18m by 18m blocks with each block being further divided into grids of 1.5m by 1.5m, the 5G system always provides the AGVs with the accurate positioning information of the target load containers.
8. When AGVs find the needed load containers in the floor storage area, convey them further to the sorting areas. It is in the sorting areas that different materials and parts brought in by AGVs are grouped in accordance with precise manufacturing schedules to be followed at the production lines.
9. At the production lines, materials and parts as logically grouped (by sorting machines at the sorting areas) are eventually fed into production. The empty load containers will be brought to the recycling area. These empty load containers await to be sent to suppliers at the next schedule determined by ERP/APS.
10. In all the key areas (floor storage areas, sorting areas, production lines and empty container recycling area) inside the manufacturing facility, the load containers need to be inventoried efficiently, timely, fast, accurately. When AGVs enter these areas, step 4 is repeated and the precise material scheduling is updated in the inventory system. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.5.4 Post-conditions | Thanks to the Ambient IoT service provided by the 5G system, automobile manufacturing can enjoy automatic intralogistics, largely improve the efficiency and productivity. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.5.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | SA1 has performed various studies on IoT in previous releases, where related normative stage 1 requirements are introduced in TS 22.011 [9], TS 22.278 [7], TS 22.368 [6], and TS 22.261 [8].
TS 22.011 introduces access control for MTC, examples of periodic network selection attempts are:
For UEs only supporting any of the following, or a combination of, NB-IoT, GERAN EC-GSM-IoT [18], and Category M1[13] of E-UTRAN enhanced-MTC, the UE shall interpret the interval value to be between 2 and 240 hours, with a step size of 2 hours between 2 and 80 hours and a step size of 4 hours between 80 and 240 hours.
In the absence of a permitted value in the SIM/USIM, or the SIM/USIM is phase 1 and therefore does not contain the datafield, then a default value of 60 minutes, shall be used by the UE except for those UEs only supporting any of the following, or a combination of: NB-IoT, GERAN EC-GSM-IoT [18], and Category M1 [17] of E-UTRAN enhanced-MTC. For those UEs a default value of 72 hours shall be used.
NOTE: Use of values less than 60 minutes may result in excessive UE battery drain.
TS 22.368 addresses features of MTC communication and service requirements related to MTC device triggering, addressing, identifiers, low mobility, small data transmission, infrequent MT communication, security, remote MTC device management, group-based MTC features including policing and addressing, etc. Example requirements are:
The system shall provide mechanisms to lower power consumption of MTC Devices.
The system shall provide mechanisms for the network operator to efficiently manage numbers and identifiers related to MTC Subscribers.
TS 22.261 captures some important service requirements for IoT, e.g.
The 5G system shall support a secure mechanism for a home operator to remotely provision the 3GPP credentials of a uniquely identifiable and verifiably secure IoT device.
The 5G system shall support a secure mechanism for the network operator of an NPN to remotely provision the non-3GPP identities and credentials of a uniquely identifiable and verifiably secure IoT device.
An IoT device which is able to access a 5G PLMN in direct network connection mode using a 3GPP RAT shall have a 3GPP subscription.
The 5G system shall allow the operator to identify a UE as an IoT device based on UE characteristics (e.g. identified by an equipment identifier or a range of equipment identifiers) or subscription or the combination of both.
An IoT device which is able to connect to a UE in direct device connection mode shall have a 3GPP subscription, if the IoT device needs to be identifiable by the core network (e.g. for IoT device management purposes or to use indirect network connection mode).
The 5G system shall support operator-controlled alternative authentication methods (i.e. alternative to AKA) with different types of credentials for network access for IoT devices in isolated deployment scenarios (e.g. for industrial automation).
The 5G system shall support a suitable framework (e.g. EAP) allowing alternative (e.g. to AKA) authentication methods with non-3GPP identities and credentials to be used for UE network access authentication in non-public networks.
NOTE: Non-public networks can use 3GPP authentication methods, identities, and credentials for a UE to access network. Non-public networks are also allowed to utilize non-AKA based authentication methods such as provided by the EAP framework, for which the credentials can be stored in the ME.
The 5G system shall enable an NPN to be able to request a third-party service provider to perform NPN access network authentication of a UE based on non-3GPP identities and credentials supplied by the third-party service provider.
In these specifications, albeit the service requirements addressing traits for IoT in terms of low device power consumption, small and infrequent data transmissions, long service lifetime, and resource efficiently, the IoT devices considered in 3GPP have been assumed to be powered by at least batteries up till now. To enable extremely small, thin, light-weight, battery-less or with limited energy storage capability, or even disposable Ambient IoT devices that provide basic IoT data transaction at appropriate performance level suitable for the target scenarios, new challenges to the 5G system are foreseen and need to be addressed. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.5.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR 5.5.6-001] The 5G system shall support communication for an Ambient IoT device which is battery-less or with limited energy storage capability.
[PR 5.5.6-002] The 5G system shall support collection of charging information based on different charging policies for Ambient-IoT type of communication, i.e., total number of communication (e.g. data payload) per charging period, or total number of Ambient IoT devices per charging period.
[PR 5.5.6-003] The 5G system shall provide the network connection to address the KPIs for the use of Ambient IoT devices for intralogistics in automobile manufacturing, see table 5.3.6.1-1.
Table 5.5.6-1: Potential key performance requirements for the use of Ambient IoT devices for intralogistics in automobile manufacturing
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Automatic Intralogistics in automobile manufacturing
10 s
(note 1)
99%
NA
<1 kbit/s
(note 2)
96 bits
(note 3)
<1,5 Million/km2 (note 4)
<30 meters
Indoors
600 000 m2
(note 5)
Up to 5 km/h
NA
NA
NA
3 m
NOTE 1: This value corresponds to peak reading rate of 100 tags per second. The average tag reading rate is lower.
NOTE 2: This value is calculated as the instant data rate for transmitting 96 bits within 100 ms time period. The need for data transmission is infrequent.
NOTE 3: EPC Tag Data standard [5], the length of the EPC number ranges from 96 bits to 496 bits. For intralogistics, EPC length of 96 bits is the most common EPC lengths to satisfy the use case.
NOTE 4: Daily around 1 million units of materials are used in the manufacturing area, but they are not used at the same time.
NOTE 5: A typical car manufacturing plant takes up to 600 000 m2 in surface. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.6 Use case on Ambient IoT sensors in smart homes | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.6.1 Description | Monitoring tasks in smart home scenarios can be roughly divided into two types:
• Monitoring of room environment. By deploying specific sensors that enable communication services, people can acquire real-time monitoring data (e.g. temperature, humidity) of their room environment no matter where they are.
• Monitoring of emergency situations. By deploying specific sensors that enable communication services, risk factors such as gas and smoke can be detected in the air and alarmed timely. When the sensor detects that the gas concentration in the home exceeds the threshold, it usually activates a very strong audio signal to alarm people at home. However, in case of people are out of home (e.g. while at work, or on shopping), it cannot reach people on this situation. So, it should be necessary to notify the family members through their phones as well.
In contrast with conventional battery-based sensors, Ambient IoT sensors can obtain and/or store energy from the environment, such as light, heat, wind, and radio waves, which can be converted to useable electrical energy [12]. Different ambient energy harvesting technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, suitable for use in different environments. Energy harvesting technologies are not in the scope of the study.
Ambient IoT sensors can support diverse monitoring applications in smart home scenario with following advantages:
• Remove the demand for batteries, i.e. reduce the energy consumption of charging.
• Reduce the cost of maintenance, i.e. avoid human intervention for recharging or replacing.
• Increase device durability, i.e. devices can work continuously without charging and/or replacing the battery.
• Increase device portability, i.e., the locations of devices are no longer limited by electric cables or wires.
The Ambient IoT sensors can also consume very small amounts of energy. For example, the photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting power density could provide 10µW~4mW, while the sensing power consumption of a gas sensor is only 1.2µW [13].
Considering the above advantages, Ambient IoT sensors can further improve the development of smart home applications. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.6.2 Pre-Conditions | Tom’s family lives in Home A. In Home A, there is a gas sensor in the kitchen. It’s an Ambient IoT sensor, and the application server can obtain its sensor data through the network.
The gas sensor detects data continuously and allows the application server to request its data (e.g., a 32 bits packet) periodically. The application server stores the data and a pre-set methane concentration threshold (e.g., 5%). |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.6.3 Service Flows | 1. The gas sensor monitors the methane concentration in the kitchen in real-time.
2. The application server acquires the sensor data and finds the data reaching half of the threshold (e.g., 2.5%), then it will update a shorter period to request data.
3. If the data exceeds the threshold, the application server can send an alarm message through the network.
4. The application server will distribute the alarm message to Tom’s family through the network. If Tom’s family members do not respond, the alarm message will be sent again after a preset time (e.g., 1 min).
5. Tom’s family members receive the alarm message on their phones. Tom notices the alarm message and clicks on “Confirm” button in the app.
6. The application server receives the “Confirm” response and stops to send alarm messages to their phones until set time (e.g., 10min) passes and the data still exceeds the threshold. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.6.4 Post-Conditions | Tom goes back to home, checks the kitchen range and closes the gas valve. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.6.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | None. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.6.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR.5.6.6-001] The 5G system shall be able to support communication services for Ambient IoT devices.
[PR.5.6.6-002] The 5G system shall support suitable security mechanisms for Ambient IoT devices, including authentication, encryption and data integrity.
[PR.5.6.6-003] The 5G system shall be able to provide the required communication service according to KPI given in table 5.6.6-1.
Table 5.6.6-1: KPI for Ambient IoT devices in smart home
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Ambient IoT devices in smart home
20 s
99.9 %
NA
<1 kbit/s
8~96bits
<5 per 100m²
10-30m
Indoors
NA
Stationary
NA
NA
NA
NA |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.7 Use Case on Ambient IoT for airport terminal / shipping port | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.7.1 Description | An airport terminal / shipping port manages a large inventory of different types of objects, including forklifts, trolleys, ramp leaders, pallet dollies, baggage carts, wheelchairs, among others (see Figure 1). Real-time tracking and management of such assets is an important part of efficient operation of an airport terminal/shipping port, including through (re)-deployment of assets based on time-varying demand in different locations (e.g., gates), prolonged asset life through timely maintenance, improved safety and travel experience, asset theft prevention.
Figure 5.7.1-1: Airport terminal / Shipping port requires real-time management of different types of assets.
Some key differences from other asset management/tracking use-case scenarios include the need for real-time location information, relatively large service area with a mix of indoor and outdoor deployment, and the need for mobility support. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.7.2 Pre-conditions | An Ambient IoT device is attached to each asset (to be tracked) before deployment. The asset management system has subscription to the Ambient-IoT services with access to information about the Ambient IoT device, such as location, maintenance-related parameters;
The airport terminal / shipping port has public or private 5G network coverage to provide the Ambient-IoT services with support for a large number of Ambient-IoT devices. The Ambient IoT devices in this use case communicate to the network. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.7.3 Service Flows | 1. The asset management system requests the Ambient IoT service for regular/on-demand snapshot of the asset inventory information with a specified granularity, e.g., gate-level;
2. Based on the request, the 5G system queries the Ambient IoT devices to inventory different types of assets in the specified location(s).
3. The Ambient IoT service aggregates the responses from the Ambient IoT devices to respond to the application function’s request at the specified granularity;
4. The Ambient IoT service provides additional agreed-upon information |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.7.4 Post-conditions | The airport terminal / shipping port utilizes the Ambient IoT service to obtain real-time inventory/location of the different types of assets, allowing for more efficient operation through (re)-deployment of assets based on time-varying demand in different locations, prolonged asset life through timely maintenance, improved safety and travel experience, asset theft prevention. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.7.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | None. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.7.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR 5.7.6-001] The 5G system shall be able to support means to discover and locate Ambient-IoT devices in a certain geographical area, e.g. at cell level.
[PR 5.7.6-002] The 5G system shall be able to provide communication with Ambient-IoT devices with the following KPIs :
Table 5.7.6-1: KPI Requirements for Airport Terminal/Shipping Port Service
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Airport Terminal/ Shipping Port
1s to 10s
99%
NA
NA
256 bits (UL) (Note 1)
100 devices/1km2
50m
(indoor)
1-10km2 (Note 2)
3 to 10km/h
NA
NA
90%
cell level
Note 1: 128 bits for the Electronic Product Code (EPC) of the tracked object and additional 128 bits assumed for control / other data (e.g., location-related).
Note 2: As an example, Newark Airport size ~8km2. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.8 Use case on Finding Remote Lost Item | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.8.1 Description | It is quite common for people to lose personal items sometimes, which includes keys, wallets, bags, phones, glasses, etc. In many of those scenarios, Ambient IoT devices, (with small form factor and low cost/complexity), could be attached to those items and be used to help finding their location via a 5G smartphone.
When a person loses his/her personal item in a remote place, far from the owner’s location (e.g., in airport, subway, park, restaurant, etc), the large distance between the lost items (w/ Ambient IoT device attached) and the owner’s 5G UE prevents the owner from using direct communication methods, between the UE and the Ambient IoT device, to perform e.g., local discovery/positioning/ranging.
This use case (shown in Figure 1) considers a scenario where Ambient IoT devices are used to locate lost items, which they are attached to, with the help of surrounding UEs/ RAN entities (supporting the tracking of Ambient IoT devices).
In terms of communication power availability, these Ambient IoT devices can operate based on intermittently harvested energy with energy storage or instantaneous energy provided on-demand. For devices with energy storage, we assume energy is continuously available during its communication. This use case covers scenarios without energy storage and with energy storage, assuming lower power consumption and complexity than typical/current IoT devices.
Figure 5.8.1-1: Remote tag finding service, using Ambient IoT devices and surrounding UEs/RAN entities |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.8.2 Pre-conditions | Alice subscribed to a “lost tag finding” service and bought an Ambient IoT tag for her baggage.
She attaches the tag to her baggage and associated the tag with her mobile phone in this service. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.8.3 Service Flows | The case of remote lost item finding by crowdsourcing
1. The Alice is traveling from San Diego (SAN) to New York (JFK) using airplane with her tag (tag-A) attached to her baggage. When she arrives in JFK airport, she does not find her baggage in baggage claim area.
2. The tag-A attached to Alices’ baggage identifies that it is lost and notify any nearby UEs/RAN entities supporting the lost tag finding service that the tag-A is currently lost.
3. As shown in Figure 1, the nearby UEs/RAN entities which is notified from the tag-A connects to server providing the lost tag finding service and reports the tag-A’s current location and time. (For privacy, the tag-A’s identity should not be known to other UEs/RAN entities other than Alice’s UE or service provider.)
4. Alice, after finding that her baggage is missing in airport, opens an app in her mobile phone to find her tag-A’s whereabout. The app communicates with the server and gets the recent information e.g., location/time/etc, related to the tag-A.
5. Alice can track the location of her baggage with the help of lost item finding service. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.8.4 Post-conditions | Alice reclaims her lost baggage with the help of the lost item finding service.
5.8.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
SA1 has identified several IoT/MTC requirements that assume device type of higher complexity and higher availability of power/energy, higher processing power, etc, than the Ambient IoT device. Some excerpts are listed below:
3GPP TS 22.368 [6]: "Service requirements for Machine-Type Communications (MTC)"
TS 22.368 provides related requirements for identifiers for MTC subscribers, for handling large number of devices, feature addition, power consumption, security
• The system shall provide mechanisms for the network operator to efficiently manage numbers and identifiers related to MTC Subscribers.
• The network shall provide a mechanism to reduce peaks in the data and signalling traffic resulting from very large numbers of MTC Devices (almost) simultaneously attempting data and/or signalling interactions.
• The network shall provide a mechanism for the network operator to control the addition or removal of individual MTC Features to a subscription (e.g. based on matching or mismatching of MTC Features).
• The system shall provide mechanisms to lower power consumption of MTC Devices.
• The network operator shall be able to efficiently provide network security for connection between MTC Device and a MTC Server or between MTC Device and a MTC Application Server in case there is a direct connection with the MTC Application Server. This applies even when some of the devices are roaming i.e. connected via a VPLMN.
3GPP TS 22.278 [7]: "Service requirements for the Evolved Packet System (EPS)"
The 22.278 provides efficient data transmission in between core network and UE.
The 3GPP system shall support efficient transmission of IP data and non-IP data to/from a UE.
The 3GPP system shall support efficient transmission of small data to/from a UE.
3GPP TS 22.261[8]: "Service requirements for the 5G system"
TS 22.261 provides requirements on power, positioning.
The 5G system shall support UEs using small rechargeable and single coin cell batteries (e.g., considering impact on maximum pulse and continuous current).
The 5G system shall be able to make the position-related data available to an application or to an application server existing within the 5G network, external to the 5G network, or in the User Equipment.
NOTE 3: the position service latency can be tailored to the use cases.
The 5G system shall be able to manage and log position-related data in compliance with applicable traceability, authentication and security regulatory requirements.
The 5G system shall supply a method for the operator to configure and manage different positioning services for different users.
The 5G system shall allow the operator to identify a UE as an IoT device based on UE characteristics (e.g. identified by an equipment identifier or a range of equipment identifiers) or subscription or the combination of both. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.8.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR.5.8.6-001] The 5G system shall be able to assist an Ambient IoT device with discovery and communication with 5GS entities that can provide location related information.
[PR 5.8.6-002] Based on operator policy, the 5G system shall be able to support authorization of UEs communicating with an Ambient IoT device.
[PR.5.8.6-003] The 5G system shall be able to support means to support RAN entities and authorized UEs to communicate with Ambient IoT devices and transfer related information to other 5G system entities (e.g., core network) / servers.
[PR.5.8.6-004] The 5G system shall be able to provide a mechanism to protect the privacy of information (e.g., location and identity) exchanged during communication with an Ambient IoT device.
NOTE 1: This requirement refers to communication between Ambient IoT devices and 5G System entities (e.g., core network, RAN entities), application servers or authorized UEs.
[PR 5.8.6-005] The 5G system shall be able to support a UE to authenticate an Ambient IoT device.
[PR 5.8.6-006] The 5G system shall be able to support Ambient IoT devices with the following KPIs:
Table 5.8.6-1: KPI Requirements for “Finding Remote Lost Item” Service
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Remote lost item finding (Indoor)
5s
99%
(Note 1 )
NA
NA
256 bits
(Note 2 )
250 devices/100m2
(Note 3)
10m
NA
NA
NA
NA
90%
~3m
Remote lost item finding (Outdoor)
5s
99%
(Note 1)
NA
NA
256 bits
(Note 2)
10 devices/100m2
(Note 4)
100m
NA
NA
NA
NA
90%
~10m
Note 1: Service can be potentially provided by both multiple UEs and RAN entities.
Note 2: 64bits corresponds to 20 digits in decimal number. 20 digits is assumed for the length of tag ID. Additional 192bits were assumed for control and other data (e.g., location information, IP address of server).
Note 3: It assumes an 100m2 surface area inside an airport taken up by baggage.
Note 4: Considering moderately sized mobile panels or AGVs transporting baggages in an airport apron (an open area), given the limited load per mobile pannel or AGV, the density of baggages is very low per unit surface of 100m2. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.9 Use case on LCS for Ambient IoT | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.9.1 Description | Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) is an IoT service with an IoT device powered by energy harvesting, being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (i.e., using a capacitor). It can enable communication with IoT devices without conventional power source and/or avoids human intervention for recharging or replacing. An Ambient IoT device can harvest energy from energy source from Radio, solar, light, motion/vibration, heat, pressure, or any other power sources.
Note: Energy harvesting is out of scope of this TR. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.9.2 Pre-conditions | Tom buys an Ambient IoT device which has a 3GPP subscription and is equipped with 3GPP radio technology. The device registers to the 3GPP network based on its subscription and the network should record that the device can be found its location by Tom’s UE.
Tom puts the Ambient IoT device on his pet dog collar. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.9.3 Service Flows | 1. In a morning, Tom gets up and takes his pet dog to the park nearby. In the park, the dog runs far away from Tom.
2. After some time, Tom needs to go home for the breakfast, he takes out his UE to ask the location of the Ambient IoT device.
3. The UE initiates LCS request to the network for the location of the Ambient IoT device.
4. The network finds the location of Ambient IoT device when the device has enough power. The power is from the ambient power source. The network sends the location result to the UE.
5. Tom can see the location result in the UE and walks towards his dog to take it home. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.9.4 Post-conditions | Tom finds his pet dog with the help of 5G network and the Ambient IoT device. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.9.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | None |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.9.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR 5.9.6-001] 5G system shall optimize mobility management support for mobile Ambient-enabled IoT devices that are unable to constantly stay active.
[PR 5.9.6-002] 5G system shall be able to determine the location of Ambient IoT device, when it becomes active as triggered by the 5G network.
[PR 5.9.6-003] The 5G system shall be able to provide location services for Ambient IoT with the performances requirements reported in Table 5.9.6-1.
Table 5.9.6-1: Performance requirements for location service for Ambient IoT
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Absolute positioning
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
500m
NA
Outdoor - up to 10 km/h
NA
10 s
95 %
Cell-level
horizontal accuracy
(NOTE 1)
NOTE 1: This KPI table is mostly from the positioning service levels 1 in Table 7.3.2.2-1 Performance requirements for Horizontal and Vertical positioning service levels, TS22.261[8]. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.10 Use case on Relative positioning for Ambient IoT | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.10.1 Description | Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) is an IoT service with an IoT device powered by energy harvesting, being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (i.e., using a capacitor). It can enable communication with IoT devices without conventional power source and/or avoids human intervention for recharging or replacing. An Ambient IoT device can harvest energy from energy source from Radio, solar, light, motion/vibration, heat, pressure, or any other power sources.
Note: Energy harvesting is out of scope of this TR.
Relative positioning is to estimate position relatively to other network elements or relatively to other UEs. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.10.2 Pre-conditions | Tom buys an Ambient IoT device which has a 3GPP subscription and is equipped with 3GPP radio technology. There is a relative positioning APP in Tom’s UE. The relative positioning application server and clients records the UE and Ambient IoT device’s relative positioning application layer ID.
Tom pastes the device on his key.
In a morning, Tom gets up and wants to walk in the park nearby. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.10.3 Service Flows | 1. Tom wants to take his key, but cannot find the key in the room. He takes out his UE to initiate a relative positioning request for the Ambient IoT device by using the relative positioning APP. The 5G system authenticates the UE and the Ambient IoT, and authorizes the UE and the Ambient IoT device to perform the relative positioning.
2. The UE sends the radio to activate the Ambient IoT device in the room and the relative positioning request with the relative positioning application layer ID of the UE as the requester and the Ambient IoT device as the target.
3. After receiving and storing enough energy, the Ambient IoT device responds the UE’s relative positioning request with its relative positioning application layer ID. From the APP, Tom’s UE displays that his key is still in the room.
4. After the relative positioning discovery procedure above, the UE continues sending the radio to the Ambient IoT device, and the Ambient IoT device receives and stores the energy for continuous relative positioning.
5. The UE performs relative positioning to find the direction and relative positioning to the Ambient IoT device. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.10.4 Post-conditions | Tom finds his key under the bed. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.10.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | None |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.10.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR 5.10.6-001] 5G system shall be able to support an authorized UE to perform Ambient IoT relative positioning between the UE and specific Ambient IoT devices.
[PR 5.10.6-002] The 5G system shall be able to provide Relative positioning services for Ambient IoT with the performances requirements reported in Table 5.10.6.1-1.
Table 5.10.6-1: Performance requirements for Relative positioning service for Ambient IoT
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Finding Items in a home
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
20 Ambient IoT devices/
(100m2)
10m
NA
Static/ Moving
(<1m/s)
500ms
NA
95 %
1-3m
(Note1)
NOTE 1: This value depends partly on the actual communication range. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.11 Use case on online modification of medical instruments status | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.11.1 Description | More and more medical instruments in hospital need to be well stored, cleaned and sterilized to guaranteed normal reuse. They demand to withstand certain conditions e.g., high temperature, high pressure or humidity. Traditional information maintenance for the medical instrument status is usually operated manually, which is inefficient and even in some cases, causes serious accident e.g., lost or invalidity. To improve safe and efficient utilization of the medical instruments, online maintenance is being developed.
For the online maintenance, the medical instrument is needed to be equipped with Ambient IoT device. Considering the working condition of the medical instrument, this kind of Ambient IoT device should be battery-less or with limited energy storage capability, maintenance-free and should have long service life time and small size. Through 5G network and the IoT device, the medical instrument information (e.g., the serial number of the instrument, usage status, usage records, years of use, integrity, etc.) can be remotely read, modified and written by the medical instrument management platform.
Following is an example to illustrate online modification of medical instruments status.
Orthopaedic instruments generally refer to professional medical instruments specially used for orthopaedic surgery. According to the usage purpose, it can be classified as orthopaedic knives, orthopaedic scissors, orthopaedic forceps, orthopaedic hooks, orthopaedic needles, orthopaedic scrapers, orthopaedic cones, orthopaedic drills, orthopaedic saws, orthopaedic chisels, orthopaedic files / shovels, orthopaedic active instruments, etc.
A number of Ambient-IoT devices recording different orthopaedic instrument information (e.g., the serial number of the instrument, usage status, usage records, years of use, maintained status, etc.) are stuck on these orthopaedic instruments. They are usually indoor stored in the instrument warehouse or medical instrument storage room or special storage cabinet.
These Ambient-IoT devices attached in the orthopaedic instrument are battery-less or with limited energy storage capability. They are with very simple capability and not applications installed on them. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.11.2 Pre-Conditions | Network operator UU deploys a new service “Ambient IoT” through its 5G system. Hospital Z has subscribed the new service for its orthopaedic instrument inventory management.
Bob is an instrument inventor manager of Hospital Z. He has the authorization to remotely maintain the orthopaedic instrument through the inventory management platform of the hospital. He can operate this work in the hospital or out of the hospital. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.11.3 Service Flows | Same as the service flow in section 5.2.3, Bob can acquire the information list of the orthopedic instruments.
In the list, Bob can read that some orthopedic forceps are in "To be maintained" status. So, he selects them and asks engineer to repair them.
Part of the instruments are repaired well and returned back in cabinet, Bob wants to change the status information of the orthopedic forceps to "Normal". The status change request is delivered to the hospital inventory management platform. The platform informs 5G network to ask the Ambient-IoT devices attached on the orthopedic forceps to “modify” the status with “Normal”. The 5G network transmits “modify” command transparently or translate the command to the Ambient-IoT devices. In the “modify” command, it includes not only the updated information but also can be the physical address where the information needed to be stored. After receiving the “modify” command, the Ambient-IoT devices write the updated information into the storage information according to the corresponding physical address which is predefined or indicated. Then, Bob checks and finds the status of the orthopedic forceps have been updated with “Normal”.
The other part of the instrument is broken, so a new set of orthopedic forceps are purchased. Before the new instrument is put into use, related instrument information needs to be stored in the Ambient IoT devices which are stuck on the new instrument. The hospital inventory management platform asks 5G network to send “write” command to write the status of the new orthopedic forceps. The “write” command includes the status information of orthopedic forceps which can include the serial number of the instrument (16 bits), usage status (2 bits), usage records (128 bits), years of use (6 bits), number of usage (18 bits), maintained status (2 bits), other potential information, which are transparent to 5G network. Considering the Ambient-IoT devices attached on the repaired orthopedic forceps are without application software, the 5G network translates and sends “write” commands to the Ambient-IoT devices attached on the new orthopedic forceps. In the status information of orthopedic forceps, each type of information is associated with a predefined or indicated physical address. After receiving the command, the Ambient-IoT devices store the status information at the corresponding physical address. Bob checks and finds the status of the new orthopedic forceps have been written.
Considering medical instruments density, the average end to end service latency is expected to be hundreds ms level to avoid excessive application delay. Further, the user experienced data rate can be calculated considering the status information less than 176 bits within time period e.g.100 ms. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.11.4 Post-Conditions | Hospital Z utilizes Ambient-IoT service to support the online maintenance for its medical instrument. Bob can modify the status information of medical instrument or write status information for new medical instrument. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.11.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | None |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.11.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR 5.11.6-001] The 5G system shall be able to communicate with an Ambient IoT device.
[PR 5.11.6-002] The 5G system shall be able to provide communication service with KPIs listed in Table 5.11.6-1 for the Ambient IoT devices.
Table 5.11.6-1: KPIs for use case of Medical Instrument modification
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Medical instrument inventory management and positioning
Several seconds
99%
NA
<2kbit/s
(note 1)
176bit
≥1000/km2
(note 2)
50m indoor
200m outdoor
NA
Static or walking speed
<6km/h
NA
NA
NA
3 m to 5 m indoor
Note 1: User experienced data rate is calculated based on inventory information (176 bits) within time period of e.g. 100 ms;
Note 2: It refers typical medical instrument density condition in Chinese hospital. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.12 Use case on Ambient IoT service for personal belongings finding | |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.12.1 Description | For a smart home application scenario, discovery of personal item becomes one of the most important applications. A lot of personal items are in home, such as keys, passports, bank cards, wallets, children’s toys, clothes etc. It is quite usual that people may forget where their items are so that they have to waste time to find them. Ambient IoT technology will help to find people’s items at home much more efficiently.
Most of personal items which are easily to be lost are with a small size. For example, a key has a length of several centi-meters. A passport will have a size of 8.8*12.5 centi-meters. And typically, these things will be put in a storage box or a drawer. However, Ambient IoT devices can be easily attached to those small items.
Ambient IoT can provide a promising way for house asset management. Ambient IoT devices use energy harvested from heat or radio waves. Therefore, the device can work without a conventional battery and can work for a long-time duration, e.g., > 20 years.
However, the harvested energy would be very limited. For example, only tens of micro-watts power can be harvested if the energy is harvested from radio waves. Hence, it will put constraint on the maximum power consumption for Ambient IoT device(e.g. up to several hundred microwatts [81] [82] [83]). The device shall work with ultra-low power consumption.
For smart home application, the typical required communication distance would be less than 10 meters.
For home assert management application scenario, usually the device ID needs to be transmitted for discovery of personal item and the size of typical ID would be [96] bits [5]. Within a house of around 100m2, 100~500 devices need to be deployed to manage most of the important items. A data rate of 10kbit/s is expected.
Usually, it needs to determine the position of the Ambient IoT device for home assert management application scenario. A positioning accuracy of around 1 meter is required.
Sometimes in daily life, Mickey cannot remember where he put his wallet, or his favourite pair of shoes. He may become crazy if he is in a hurry to go out.
With Ambient IoT service provided by 5GS, Mickey can attach Ambient IoT Devices to his wallet and shoes. Then he can easily find them using his mobile phone which supports Ambient IoT service. The Ambient IoT Device is solely dependent on harvested ambient energy, being maintenance-free, of extremely-low complexity, weight, and size. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.12.2 Pre-conditions | Mickey bought a mobile phone supporting Ambient IoT service. He also obtains multiple Ambient IoT devices for personal belongings finding.
Bob is a neighbour to Mickey and Bob also has some Ambient IoT devices attached to his belongings.
Both licensed and unlicensed spectrum are applicable to Ambient IoT service. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.12.3 Service Flows | 1. Mickey’s and his roommate Minnie’s mobile phones may be authorized by their mobile operators to perform the Ambient IoT service. Both of their cell phones can send signal to Ambient IoT devices.
2. Mickey attaches one Ambient IoT device to his wallet, registers “Mickey’s wallet” to the application server (e.g., Mickey’s mobile phone obtains Ambient IoT device information including the device ID and transfer the information to the application server).
3. When Mickey wants to find his wallet, he opens the application in his mobile phone to search his wallet.
4. Mickey’s mobile phone searches to the Ambient IoT device attached to his wallet.
The Ambient IoT device attached to his wallet responds to the mobile phone thus it can be easily identified the wallet is nearby. Then, Mickey’s mobile phone obtains the position of the wallet and it displays the position of the wallet (e.g., relative position of the mobile phone).
Meanwhile the Bob’s Ambient IoT device also receives the request but it does not respond to Mickey’s cell phone.
5. The other day, Mickey goes out to the bank. When he arrives at the bank, he cannot find his wallet. He would like to check whether his wallet is left at home. Mickey opens the application in his mobile phone and authorizes Minnie’s mobile phone to search the Ambient IoT device attached to his wallet. The application server requests Minnie’s mobile phone to search the Ambient IoT device attached to Mickey’s wallet. Minnie’s mobile phone searches the Ambient IoT device and can determine it is at home when receiving from the Ambient IoT device attached to Mickey’s wallet. In addition, Minnie’s mobile phone can further determine the relative position of it using positioning service. Minnie’s mobile phone sends the position information of the Ambient IoT device to the application server. Consequently, Mickey sees his wallet is at home through the application in his mobile phone.
Mickey’s mobile phone, Minnie’s mobile phone and the Ambient IoT Device to Mickey’s wallet may belong to one Personal IoT Networks as described in TS 22.261 [8] clause 6.38.
6. Mickey left his wallet at a bus stop. He can find his wallet with the help of the base station near the bus stop and UEs nearby. In order to implement this, the application server requests from the 5G system about the position of the Ambient IoT device attached to Mickey’s wallet. The application server may indicate an area, where the wallet is possibly lost. Upon receiving the request, the 5G system can ask the RAN nodes or the UEs (which are within or near the area and are allowed to provide positioning service to Ambient IoT devices) to help searching the Ambient IoT device, identify its position in the bus stop and send the position information to the application server. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.12.4 Post-conditions | Thanks to the Ambient IoT service provided by the 5G system, Mickey can find his wallet as soon as possible, both for indoor and outdoor cases.
The information of Bob’s Ambient IoT device will not be exposed. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.12.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality | None. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.12.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case | [PR.5.12.6-001] The 5G system shall support to authorize a UE to obtain device information of an Ambient IoT device.
[P.R.5.12.6-002] The 5G system shall be able to collect information from a specific Ambient IoT device.
[P.R.5.12.6-003] The 5G system shall be able to provide information of a specific Ambient IoT device to the trusted 3rd party.
NOTE: The request from 3rd party can include the requested Ambient IoT device identity, the requested service area to find the Ambient IoT device, the requested information of an Ambient IoT device includes position information.
[PR 5.12.6-004] The 5G system shall be able to support indoor and outdoor positioning for Ambient IoT devices.
[PR. 5.12.6-005] The 5G system shall be able to support an Ambient IoT device to validate a UE which communicates with the device.
[PR. 5.12.6-006] The 5G system shall support to validate an Ambient IoT device.
[PR.5.12.6-007] The 5G system shall be able to provide Ambient IoT service with following KPIs:
Table 5.12.6-1: Ambient IoT service KPI for personal belongings finding
Scenario
Max. allowed end-to-end latency
Communication Service Availability
Reliability
User-experienced data rate
Message Size
Device density
Communication Range
Service area dimension
Device speed
Transfer interval
Positioning service latency
Positioning service availability
Positioning Accuracy
Personal belongings finding
(indoor)
1 s
99.9%
NA
<1 kbit/s
<1 kbits
(Note 1 )
<5 per 100 m2
10 m
<200 m2
Static
1 per hour
1 s
99%
1-3 m
Personal belongings finding
(outdoor)
1 s
99.9%
NA
<1 kbit/s
<1 kbits
(Note 1)
<10 per 100 m2
100 m
Up to the whole PLMN
Static
1 per hour
1 s
99%
several 10m
NOTE 1: The payload includes Ambient IoT device information, e.g., Ambient IoT device ID [14] [5]. |
93a47931cc679002202cfe56afd8b056 | 22.840 | 5.13 Use case on Ambient IoT for Base Station Machine Room Environmental Supervision |
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