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60a2ru
|
why does your nose alternate which side/hole takes in oxygen when breathing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/60a2ru/eli5why_does_your_nose_alternate_which_sidehole/
|
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"text": [
"Two major reasons have been identified: To keep your nostrils moist and to improve your sense of smell. \n\n\nYour nasal cycle is a result of tissue (the same kind that erects penises for a living) on either nostril increasing in volume resulting in that side being blocked off. This is in part because the open side get dried out while the closed side gets moist, so the nasal cycle insures that your nose doesn't get dried out (one of the major functions of the nose is to facilitate humidification).\n\n\nAnother benefit of one nostril being blocked off is that some smell receptors in your nose can't bind odour during high airflow (i.e open nostril), instead they can bind in low airflow (i.e closed nostril). So one nostril being blocked off means we can smell a wider range of odours. ",
"Just a bit beyond why, there's some fun facts in how: there are little masses of erectile tissue on each side, right where the nasal cavity joins the throat. These are controlled by the same physiological signals that control other erectile tissues further south. Viagra? Stuffy nose? Nose boner.",
"I am 35 years old and this is the first I'm hearing about this. Figuring out which nostrils turn it is is going to become an obsession. ",
"Sci-Show has made a video on this that explains it fairly well: _URL_0_\n\nBasic explanation: Both sides take in oxygen while breathing. However, one nostril is inflamed at any given time. They trade this off every 15 minutes or so. They do this because some smells take longer to bond to receptors in your nose, so air needs to move slower. Some require more energy to bond, so the energy needs to move faster. Because one nostril fits both of those categories at any time, you can **always** smell a wide variety of smells."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGACvb3Mm60"
]
] |
||
5m80e9
|
how come you never see blood in photos of fatal car crashes?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5m80e9/eli5_how_come_you_never_see_blood_in_photos_of/
|
{
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"text": [
"Most of the time it's not blood loss that kills people in a fatal collision, it's brain injuries and massive internal bleeding. Kind of like if you take a box with a cake in it and kick it down some stairs, most of the cake remains inside. There are definitely collision photos with a lot of blood out there though."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1di98d
|
paving of roads. i always see the pavement being put down, but do they ever rip it up?
|
Will it just continue to stack on itself? What is going on here?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1di98d/eli5paving_of_roads_i_always_see_the_pavement/
|
{
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"text": [
"They'll often stack it a couple times, but once there's a decent base built up, they'll skim off a layer or two before putting the new coat down.\n\nThere are big \"asphalt eater\" machines that they use, they just slowly drive down the road, chewing off an inch or so of asphalt, and then run it up a conveyor belt that flings it into a dump truck driving along with it. \n\nOften times they'll do this a day or two in advance of putting the new surface down, so you might find yourself driving on a road that seems incredibly textured and messy. The machines leave a very rough surface as they go, which helps the new asphalt mechanically \"grab\" to the existing asphalt below it.",
"[Check this image](_URL_0_). You can see the lines on the road from the device that ripped up the asphalt, and the height difference with the existing road on the left."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.hockleysurfacing.co.uk/images/gallery/road_resurfacing1.jpg"
]
] |
|
47sqo3
|
why is it that cracks seemingly spread on their own?
|
Like if you crack your windshield or your phone, and you don't hit it against anything else or do something that can cause damage, it seems like the cracks will spread anyway. Why is that?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/47sqo3/eli5_why_is_it_that_cracks_seemingly_spread_on/
|
{
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"d0fcdmf"
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],
"text": [
"Because of how the mechanics of the crack work. The stress in a material is related to the radius of corners, that is, rounded corners, like the bottom of the letter U, have less stress than sharp corners, like a V. Sharp corners are actually referred to in mechanical engineering as \"stress raisers\".\n\nAnd what's sharper than the edge of a crack? This means that even stress from thermal expansion of the material can be enough to cause the crack to spread. This is especially true of glass, whose brittle composition is quite susceptible to catastrophic failures."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
e43o62
|
why are dishes hard to clean if you leave it dirty for a couple days?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e43o62/eli5_why_are_dishes_hard_to_clean_if_you_leave_it/
|
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"text": [
"Because of the moisture in whatever it is you had for dinner gets evaporated. This means that the water you use to clean the dishes can't get in between the remains of your dinner and do it's work; only the top layer can be manipulated. You need to work through the remains in order to get it all off.",
"If you leave them out if water they will lose water from the evaporation. Soap surfactants disrupt the surface tension when you clean. One part of the soap loves water, but the other side loves the oil/fats in the food. So if you don't have water, you're missing half of the equation to make your soap work efficiently. \n\nThat's why if you soak them long enough, you can usually restore the moisture to the point where it is easier to remove the debris. This also goes for stuck on food from baking and cooking (same basic principle).\n\ntl;dr: dehydration. Also, that's how you get ants.",
"Prep. \n\nIf you can't do dishes right off always soak the silverware and cooking utensils unless they are wooden or precious chef knives. Rinse glasses and mugs and fill with water. Put silverware (forks, spoons, knives) in the water-filled glasses/cups. Put a little water in pots and pans for soaking. This only works for non-cast iron. Don't want to soak those longer than a day/overnight (they'll start rusting). r/castiron\n\nUse a quality dish soap like Dawn and a good sponge with a scrubber side and a separate metal scrubber (lightly) for pots and pans that aren't teflon (use the scrubber on the sponge). When you get around to washing, use hot water, not near scalding but pretty close. Wash the silverware first, then glasses and mugs. While washing, place dishes underneath, wash these next then bowls. Lay everything in order under what you're washing. The hot water and soap will detach the muck. Pots next. Pans are last since they're usually greasiest. Washing in these steps gets the muck off everything. Wooden utensils and cutting boards get bleached, rinse well. Precious chef knives... another story. There's actually a sub for that. \n\n~If you have a dishwasher, scrape everything off, rinse and load. Fill receptacles with the cleaning agents, push the buttons sit back, have a brew, glass of wine, sex, movie, game, whatever. Do this right after you dine. Prob solved. /s \n\nThis is a **DAILY** thing! A freakin *chore*! We only have so many dishes, pots, pans, forks and spoons unless we're the Rockefellers and have a maid!!! **I do this, too!** Leaving the dishes for another day. But I have it planned. And I'll make it into a meditation (the hot water thing) or put on music and dance while I do yucky dishes. But I will **never** leave dirty dishes sitting in disgusting water that breeds bacteria.\n\nTo add: If there's any sign of vermin, rodents, cockroaches **wash your dishes ASAP** and get an exterminator!\n\nEdit: Original topic: \"Why are dishes hard to clean if you leave it dirty for a couple days?\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
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] |
||
e3aeyb
|
how does electricity power a fan?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e3aeyb/eli5_how_does_electricity_power_a_fan/
|
{
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"text": [
"Voltage pushes electrons through a coil. This coil becomes a magnet because of the electrons spinning through it. This magnet tries to align with another nearby magnet. This coil is then shut off and a new coil activates, which is rotated differently. Each coil pulls a different part of the spinning part towards the magnet. Boom; electric motor.",
"Most small motors, like fan motors, are of the induction type. This design is relatively simple and uses a stationary iron or steel core with copper wires wound through or around it. When alternating current goes through the wires, a continuously reversing magnetic field is created.\n\nInserted into a hole in the core is the armature - a cylindrical block of metal with wires would through it, but these wires are much heavier and connected in a \"squirrel cage\" fashion to a copper ring on each end of the armature - hence these motors are sometimes called squirrel-cage motors.\n\nThe previously-mentioned reversing magnetic field cuts through this cage of conductors, and induces a current in them (hence the term \"induction motor\"), which creates a second magnetic field that interacts with the first one, and the interactions (attractions and repulsions) between these fields cause the armature to rotate."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
6aj4z2
|
how do people like matt stonie and furious pete eat so much food without any repercussions?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6aj4z2/eli5_how_do_people_like_matt_stonie_and_furious/
|
{
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"dhexjyt"
],
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],
"text": [
"No idea who these people are but I'm assuming they're competitive eaters? Wondered this myself, as a supervisor from a previous job I had now has his own Youtube channel where he takes on various eating challenges in the UK (and occasionally overseas) of over 10,000 calories a session. From what he's said, the trick is A) he does them infrequently and B) he's a gym-whore, so those cals are going straight to maintenance/growth. For the average couch-potato, these 'challenges' will absolutely expand your waistline."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
8kbu5o
|
what's the difference between how banks function and how a pyramid scheme functions?
|
Just genuinely curious as to what the difference is between how banks work and how a pyramid scheme works.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8kbu5o/eli5_whats_the_difference_between_how_banks/
|
{
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"text": [
"Banks actually make money with their investments. A pyramid scheme just involves handing money to people for no reason. Then you have Ponzi schemes that lie about making profits and just take all the money",
"You need to understand the difference between capital and interest.\n\nIn a bank, a whole bunch of people put some money into the bank (called capital). The bank pools this capital and invests it in something like shares, or property or bonds or mortgages or something. This investment earns the bank extra money (called interest). At the end, the bank gives all the participants back the full amount of capital they originally deposited, and a share of the interest the bank earned.\n\nIn a pyramid scheme, a whole bunch of people put capital into a fund. The fund manager usually doesn't invest this capital in anything, so there isn't generally any interest. At the end, the capital gets divided up between the participants according to some formula where some people get more than the capital they put in. This means that everyone else gets less than the capital they put in. Usually some people get nothing back at all.",
"They have pretty much nothing in common.\n\nHas a bank ever tried to recruit you to join the bank so you could recruit other people and get \"downline\" income?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
dbli1g
|
how does my cell phone detect wifi without wifi being on?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dbli1g/eli5_how_does_my_cell_phone_detect_wifi_without/
|
{
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"f22lrsp",
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5,
2
],
"text": [
"Wifi actually is on, your phone just tells you it's off and may put it into a low power mode.",
"The phone says \"off\", that means \"not active\", not \"off\". It's only off if the software wants it off to save power."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
6ehz5w
|
why hasn't google added a "hide youtube comments" function?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ehz5w/eli5_why_hasnt_google_added_a_hide_youtube/
|
{
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"diaf9ot",
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"text": [
"Because why would you need it? Just don't look at the comments in the first place. I never do. And content creators *can* disable comments on their videos if they want, so no one can make comments in the first place.",
"You need AlienTube. It's a browser extension that replace YouTube cancerous comments with sublime Reddit comments on many videos."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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||
1o4b1k
|
why are vanilla flavored items always white, when the bean itself is dark?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1o4b1k/eli5_why_are_vanilla_flavored_items_always_white/
|
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"text": [
"Vanilla is usually used to flavor things like icing, creams, iced cream, etc. Most of these things are white, and the vanilla doesn't change the color, so it is still white.\n\nFor other products that should be dark, likely the manufacturers are dying it, because we associate vanilla with white",
"Many other flavorings come with strong pigments, like the reds of strawberry, the blues of blueberry and the brown coco powder. Handle these fruits, and your fingers get stained. Although vanilla is dark, the flavor of it is strong, but the pigments aren't.\n\nSo the vanilla does not dye the resultant food very strongly. I just finished a bowl of vanilla yogurt, and it had small black dots that are the vanilla seeds in the pod. But apart from that, there isn't much dye in vanilla.",
"Vanilla flavored items are typically flavored using vanilla extract, as opposed to using the actual bean. The extract is made by submerging the beans in a liquid solution which then absorbs the flavor. The vanilla extract is actually yellowish. This is why a lot of vanilla ice cream has a yellow tint. If the ice cream is pure white, then it has likely been flavored using imitation vanilla flavor instead of real vanilla extract. This is common in cheaper products because vanilla extract can get expensive. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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||
2mf609
|
why do treatment drugs or creams only have .01% of the active ingredient?
|
I have ringworm that I suspect u contracted from my local gym. So I went out and bought a bottle of lotrimin. After reading the labels I noticed that the active ingredient is only .01% which I assume is volume to the bottle. I can't but feel like I'm getting ripped off of the other 99.98%. Why is the active ingredient so low?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2mf609/eli5_why_do_treatment_drugs_or_creams_only_have/
|
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"text": [
"In some cases, it's because the undiluted product is dangerously strong and can cause damage to the area if it's not mixed properly. Tacrolimus, used topically at 0.1% or 0.03% on psoriasis and ecsema, can also affect the way the body fights infection since it's an immunosuppressant also given orally after organ transplants to avoid rejection. You'd wonder why you were getting sick all the time, and never link it to the skin cream.",
"Because that is all that is necessary. The dose of a medication applied to the skin is dependent on two basic factors: 1. the area over which the medication is applied (no matter how thick you apply it, it's pretty well the same dose) and 2. the concentration of the product being applied. Varying the percentage is a way to control the dose.\n\nAdditionally, many drugs would be quite harmful if an extremely large concentration were used and most drugs couldn't possibly be applied as 100% because they would be in some other form that is likely powdery or some other consistency other than cream or ointment that can be spread thinly. \n\nWhen you take a tablet or capsule by mouth, the excipients (inactive ingredients) make up an overwhelming majority of the tablet/capsule. Use a scale to weigh a milligram sometime. It's an extremely tiny quantity.",
"Because people would apply the cream the exact same way if it was .01% or 50%. Rub cream on skin. So you control the dosage by controlling the content of the drug.",
"drink 1 microliter of medicine, not more not less... kinda hard task so they put the exact amount you need in a tablet and fill the rest with cheap and neutral stuff"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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|
416snv
|
if theres $1000 cashback on an item, why not just make the item $1000 cheaper?
|
What's the point?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/416snv/eli5_if_theres_1000_cashback_on_an_item_why_not/
|
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"text": [
"If it's like a mail in rebate, studies show that 40-70% of people forget, lose it, don't bother, etc. Free money.\n",
"Because the cash back is usually given by the manufacturer. Lowering the price will come off the bottom line of the car dealership. Further, most of the time you ain't going to take that money home. The dealer is going to talk you into putting it down on the car you want to purchase so you get a lower monthly payment. ",
"The manufacturer/vendor gets to keep your $1000 for 6-8 weeks, putting that towards production costs. It's an interest free loan you're giving them, which over many customers adds up to serious $. \n?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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|
2f1uug
|
the terms "nasdaq" "s & p" etc. and how they function in buying and selling stocks
|
I am going to open a custodial account with an investing firm (17 right now) and need all the help I can get. If people have suggestions on where to go to for beginners I would immensely be grateful. I have a pretty good understanding how the economy works revolving around stocks but the particulars are seemingly insanely complex. I would love an explanation of the terms above and any other help
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2f1uug/eli5the_terms_nasdaq_sp_etc_and_how_they_function/
|
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"text": [
"The NASDAQ is the largest (in terms of market share and volume traded) stock exchange in America. \n\nA stock exchange is where people can go to buy and sell shares (parts of) a company. \n\nS & P is Standard and Poor's is a financial services company. \nIt's one of the Big Three credit rating agencies. (The other two being Moody's and Fitch Group) \n\nA credit rating agency is a company that assigns credit ratings, which rate a debtor's ability to pay back debt by making timely interest payments and the likelihood of default. The debt instruments rated by CRAs include government bonds, corporate bonds, CDs, municipal bonds, preferred stock, and collateralized securities, such as mortgage-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations.\n\nS & P 500 is a stock market index (similar to that of NASDAQ Composite and Dow Jones Industrial Average) based on the market capitalizations of 500 large companies having common stock listed on the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) or NASDAQ. It's a weighted average. Many people use it as an indicator of how the stock market overall is doing. \n\n[source: I'm taking AP Macro/Micro Economics this year and we just learned about this. Also _URL_0_]\n\n",
"NASDAQ and S & P are both companies that do many different things. If you heard them in the same context with regards to the stock market it is likely a reference to the stock indices they refer to.\n\nBasically, there are a lot of stocks, so if you want to get an idea of how the general market or economy is doing, it would be impractical to go through several thousand different companies. Instead, there are a variety of different indices (such as the NASDAQ and S & P 500) which add up the prices of many different companies and display it as one number.\n\nThe S & P 500 is an index that contains 500 large American companies which are meant to represent the entire economy. It is the index most widely used to measure the state of the stock market and economy as a whole.\n\nThe NASDAQ composite is an index that contains over 3000 companies that trade on the NASDAQ exchange. This is primarily technology companies, and this is the index most widely used to measure the state of the technology sector.\n\n***edit:*** and for futher help, I recommend reading the related topics in the faq of r/personalfinance:\n\n_URL_0_\n\nThe FAQ is quite good, and the community there generally provides solid advice to people who have read the faq."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_market"
],
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/wiki/faq"
]
] |
|
ehaoee
|
how does telling video game cheaters what program they were detected with help them develop better cheats?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ehaoee/eli5_how_does_telling_video_game_cheaters_what/
|
{
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"fchfn54"
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"text": [
"If you log onto a game and you get busted cheating, and the game says \"We tracked your mouse movements and they were always in a straight line from point to point, and at a constant speed, instead of having some curve in them and variation in speed, like a normal human would do it\" then you would know to rewrite your cheating program to never move your mouse in a straight line from point A to point B, you'd make it move at a random speed with a random amount of curvature to it.\n\nInstead they just say \"You were busted cheating. Goodbye.\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1p9046
|
what does my dog dream about when he's dreaming?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1p9046/eli5_what_does_my_dog_dream_about_when_hes/
|
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"text": [
"You'd have to ask your dog that.",
"I dream about stuff in my life- I would imagine my dog would dream about stuff in his life too. He seems to chase things and smell things and be happy and sad. it's seriously fun to put something good smelling in front of his nose and let him wake up suddenly to \"OMG that's food!\" and then be so happy and eat it. ",
"A more interesting question for me was prompted by an askreddit post about whether people who speak multiple languages dream in their native language or their most used language. Some people said that they had transitioned from dreaming in one language to another. This shows a strong relationship between language and dreams. Given that our dog has such vivid dreams , what does this imply about the true nature of their language ability. ",
"Well we humans dream about human stuff, like going to places, talking to people, reliving moments. He's probably dreaming about dog stuff, like going for walks, chasing squirrels, and lady dogs",
"This is relevant: _URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
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"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RccnlY2Nb8w"
]
] |
||
9v6lmo
|
before ids, how did they identify dead bodies in olden times, if the face/head wasn't there?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9v6lmo/eli5_before_ids_how_did_they_identify_dead_bodies/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e99shdc",
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3,
2
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"text": [
"In war, usually soldiers would have their names scribbled on a piece of paper.\n\n\nIn normal society, one's clothes would be used to distinguish somebody from someone else, especially a very long time ago",
"Also distinguishing marks like scars, missing toe, gimp leg.\n\nIf you died anywhere outside your immediate home area, you tended to be SOL because your details would only be spread so far. Plus people that knew you wouldn't notice your absence and just figure you were somewhere else for a long while.\n\nIf you look at the Doe Network and DNA Doe Project (archives of unidentified bodies) a ton of them are \"believed to be a hitchhiker/runaway/traveling to another state to find work.\"\n\nAnd a ton of John Doe bodies that are eventually identified, a lot of them weren't even declared missing. Family and friends are all \"we just figured she ran off to start a new life and didn't want to talk to us anymore, had no idea she died two days after she left.\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
q69uo
|
organ transplants
|
How can a male accept an organ from a female? In fact, how can anybody accept transplants from anyone else (I understand about rejection)? Do the places where they join never heal? If they do, what DNA would be represented at the joining? When doing a heart transplant, how do they reconnect the nerves?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/q69uo/eli5_organ_transplants/
|
{
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"text": [
"While the human body is complex, it's not *quite* as complex as it seems. To answer your questions, though, I should probably explain the basics of transplants and rejection.\n\nLet's imagine the body as a robot. This robot is finely tuned with interconnected parts and requires all of its parts to be working in order to function properly. When one of the parts doesn't work the right way, it causes all the other parts that rely on it to fail as well. Obviously, when one fails, we need to change it out as quickly as we can so that the robot can keep functioning and so that the other parts don't get harmed in the process.\n\nEvery robot is built more or less the same way. With the exception of some minor details or flaws, every part in one robot should match up structurally with every corresponding part in another robot. Their similarities allow them to all be linked up fairly well. Because of this, it is possible (in theory, of course) for us to make a whole robot from parts of a few hundred robots, provided we have all the right parts and they're all connected the right way.\n\nMost robots are also made by different companies who may add or take away a few features from their version of the robot, but they all use the same basic structure and parts in each of their robots. \n\nAll these pieces from all these robots, however, do have one pretty fundamental difference - they're all made from something slightly different. Every robot part has its composition printed on it like a barcode, making it possible for the composition to be identified.\n\nEvery robot is equipped with a team of tiny little nanobots (representing the immune system) that make sure everything is working right and that things that might cause them harm are kept out. However, they are programmed only to recognize things that they would expect to see in their robot by looking for these barcodes. If they see something inside their robot that does not have the right barcode, they are programmed to get rid of it.\n\nWhen we go in and swap out a defective part with one from another robot, we have to disable these nanobots, or else they will try to get rid of the new part we have swapped in.\n\nThis is basically what rejection is - the immune system detects an intruder based on the surface proteins (the barcode) that reflects the DNA (composition of the parts). We give transplant patients immunosuppressants to \"deactivate\" the immune system and let the part do its work.\n\nPeople can accept organs from others, regardless of gender or other traits, because organs are structurally extremely similar and not all DNA is used for every organ. Most of DNA does not really play direct a role in day-to-day organ function, and the parts of DNA needed to make a stomach or liver for example are gonna be pretty similar in most humans, allowing people to function with others' organs, barring some previous condition. Male or female or other traits don't really matter in this case since, in most cases, the DNA that determines that is \"turned off\" in those organs (though this whole thing is another deal entirely).\n\nSince these parts are all pretty much the same (for our purposes), yes, they will eventually heal. New tissues will be formed from the transplant and the native organs. I can't say I know the exact genetic make up of the tissues at the joining site, but chances are they're probably going to be a mishmash of both at the site and be mostly the transplant organ on one side and the native on the other. \n\nMuch like any other tissue, nerves *do* in fact regrow (it's actually kind of a myth that nerves and similar cells never grow back). In hearts, in particular, there will be a bit of a slowdown until they can catch up, but I imagine that things such as pacemakers can help the heart along in the case of a slowing.\n\nTransplantation is a really complex and difficult branch of medicine and there are a lot of important details I skimmed over, but if you're interested in anything more specific, I might be able to give you a bit more info."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
dl99kw
|
why are most middle eastern countries going through revolutions?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dl99kw/eli5_why_are_most_middle_eastern_countries_going/
|
{
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"text": [
"This is still the happenings that have been going on for centuries, but more recently started as part of the 2011 Arab Spring. There was a successful protest movement in both Egypt and Tunisia that saw dictators who had been in power leave power directly because of the protest movements to oust them. Peaceful transfers of power. This led to other countries doing the same, for better and for worse. Libya overthrew Qaddafi after the protests turned more into revolution, and Syria did it's best to overthrow Assad, but that turned into a quagmire of factionalism."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
ea0lgi
|
how come some video games end up bad even with testers and qa people?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ea0lgi/eli5_how_come_some_video_games_end_up_bad_even/
|
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"What do you mean by \"bad design\"? If you're talking about about the design/concept of the game then that is subjective. \"I don't like Metroidvania games so Metroid has bad game design\" isn't a valid argument. \n\nNow, if you're talking about how does a game end up with bugs and glitches? First, it's almost impossible to tell with limited testers everything that will happen. I remember when a new raid would come out in Destiny the devs would always say that it's played 100x more I'm the first hour of release than in the entire testing process. There is just not enough resources to try every conceivable scenario. \n\nAs for known bugs, a Dev team will often have a \"punch list\" which is every known bug, glitch, issue in the game and it will be prioritized. They usually have a \"cutoff\" where everything before the cutoff MUST be fixed before launch and the rest is something that isn't game breaking and will only be fixed if time and resources are available. If they fix the big stuff in time for release but a few small items are still there they will ship it and fix it later if they become bigger issues. \n\nThe other scenario exists usually in a bad business environment. This scenario is where the release of the game takes precedence over any known glitch. As long as the game is complete in terms of story/playability it will be shipped no matter the bugs. In that case they likely didn't have the time and resources and instead of spending the extra they just decided to ship it as is.",
"Usually extremely tight deadlines and not enough budget.\n\nGames are an incredibly complex thing to make and when you fix/implement one thing, ten things break. Combine that with execs breathing down your neck with impossible deadlines, employees being stressed and terrified, etc. some games are doomed from the beginning.",
"There are three levels where the problem can occur.\n\nThe main issues should be settled in the prototype phase, where a playable alpha is iterated until the core gameplay is solid.\n\nThe second stage is filling out the game on that structure and polishing it.\n\nThe third place to mess up is with publisher decisions, which is when something good is ruined by bad decisions, like cutting content for DLC or changing game mechanics to create a grind so people can pay more to bypass the grind.\n\nMistakes in the first stage leads to remaking and delaying a game. Mistakes in the second stage are things that could be fixed by more development. The third stage, well, there's no cure for stupid.\n\nEven if Q & A has time to find all of the problems from the second stage, that doesn't mean that management will authorize more time and money to get it right."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
b0220h
|
what exactly happens when you need to clear your throat after not talking for a while?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b0220h/eli5_what_exactly_happens_when_you_need_to_clear/
|
{
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"eidek3k"
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"text": [
"When you don't talk for a while, your phlegm collects at the junction of your throat and nasal passage. It can be large enough to partially block the airways, making your voice sounds funny. When you clear your throat, you loosen it so that you can shallow it and talk normally."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
8gqcsh
|
if women can grow a human in 9 months, why can't they redistribute cells to regrow their own body parts?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8gqcsh/eli5_if_women_can_grow_a_human_in_9_months_why/
|
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"The problem with asking \"Why can't a body do xyz\" is that the answer is generally just that we haven't evolved to. You can provide any number of reasons for why a thing hasn't happened, but the general concept would be that either it never arose in the first place in our ancestry, it did but was selected against for some corresponding vulnerability, or it did but never had sufficient selective pressures to become a dominant trait. ",
"Women don't grow a human in 9 months. They foster a separate lifeform to survive in their womb. Those cells would be instantly recognised by foreign by the mother's body and subsequently destroyed by white blood cells. \n\nThe only reason they don't kill the baby immiedately is that the placenta has a complicated exchange system where the blood of the mother and child don't strictly touch, but instead have a thin membrane where nutrients can diffuse from the mother to the baby. \n\nCells also don't know where to go unless they have a chemical signal. These chemical signals, like sonic hedgehog, tell a baby to grow properly. Even if these cells were compatible with the mother, the cells would just float around endlessly because they wouldn't know where to go to do things. \n\nLastly, you can't regrow body parts without a blueprint. Your skin heals because the surrounding skin says \"skin used to be here\". If you lopped your arm off, there's no surrounding arm that tells you where your arm is. Humans don't have that. So we can't grow a whole arm back. ",
"Building a car is easier than *rebuilding* a car that's been obliterated in a ghastly accident.\n\nYou can follow the same steps to build the new car every time and it'll work every time.\n\nRebuilding the totaled car is a lot trickier. Each case is unique. What's damaged? How badly? What can be saved? What needs to be replaced? How do you know what was damaged and what was just normal wear?\n\nIn the body, how do you make sure that rebuild process only begins when damage occurs and not randomly causing cancerous growth?\n\nThe problems are too numerous and too great for evolution to solve by itself, and complex animals cannot regenerate complex body parts. Some cruder animals can regenerate very effectively, and some of your tissues do have limited regenerate ability."
]
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|
[] |
[] |
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[],
[],
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|
31hbbe
|
how was it decided that landing on the moon was the 'finish line' of the space race and whoever achieved that goal was the 'winner'?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/31hbbe/eli5_how_was_it_decided_that_landing_on_the_moon/
|
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"text": [
"There were dozens of milestones in the space race, from getting a man in orbit all the way to Armstrong's first steps. For a lot of the earlier steps, there was never a declared \"end point.\" This changed in 1962 when President Kennedy gave his famous speech at Rice University, saying \"We choose to go to the moon.\" From that point on, the moon was the goal.\n\nWhen it comes down to it, the moon was the finish line because we said it was.",
"The russians never agreed on that \"finish line\"---only the Americans believed that.\n\nAs far as Russians are converned, the russians won with Yuri Gregarin",
"Because anything else was just a bit too difficult to realistically do. We assumed that they couldn't top us so the fear factor of losing was lost, so we lost momentum. [This video by Neil Degrass Tyson](_URL_0_) explains it perfectly. ",
"Western Cold War propaganda decided that, because Soviet won all the other milestones. Sputnik, Laika, Gagarin... the US managed to send people to the moon and back, but until they did, they were very much in second place. The impressive feat of the moon landing was then immediately used to declare the US winners so Westerners would forget how afraid they had rightfully been before. Also, Soviet pretty much had to give up trying to outdo the US since their resources were spent.\n\nSo they went \"fuck this\", and the US had the last laugh, basically."
]
}
|
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||
5tb7as
|
if you're about to eat a really hot pepper or engage in a hot pepper eating challenge, would it help you to coat the inside of your mouth with an over-the-counter topical anesthetic such as anbesol (benzocaine)? filling your mouth with water or milk seems to do nothing.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5tb7as/eli5_if_youre_about_to_eat_a_really_hot_pepper_or/
|
{
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"text": [
"Your throat and the mucus membrane of your nose would still be affected but yeah, it would help a little bit.\n\nThe only sure fire way to go into a hot pepper challenge is to be desensitized to them. Unfortunately, it takes a long time to desensitize your mouth, sinuses, and stomach to the ill effects of spicy.\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
15mctq
|
why can young kids practically abuse my dog and he doesn't give a shit, but as soon as an adult looks at him wrong he barks?
|
And don't give me that " Your dog doesn't see kids as a threat because they are small",
that fucking faggot is afraid of squirrels.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/15mctq/eli5_why_can_young_kids_practically_abuse_my_dog/
|
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"Your dog may be aware children are like puppies, and as such treat them as puppies. According to [this study](_URL_0_) , bites to children are usually less severe, which may support that theory.",
"upvote for hilarious use of profanity ",
"Maybe I'm just talking out of my ass, but after so many years of domestication I would think dogs would be pretty much wired to be good with kids to please their human masters. The hunter-gatherers would probably want a dog that could freak out if anything came near the kids that it didn't find absolutely harmless.",
"My theory is that a dog doesn't look at a child as a challenge to it's social standing in the pack. An adult however might knock it down a peg or two.",
"domestic dogs are social animals, like humans, because we have selectively bred the most social dogs over the course of thousands of years.\n\nHowever, this selection has been so successful that dogs are not just social with themselves, they also include humans in that social sphere. This means that when a dog sees a child, it doesn't see a small adult human, it sees a puppy in human form. The dog can recognise that a child is a baby human, not just one that happens to be small.\n\nNOW, the dog will automatically place itself somewhere in what it sees as the house hierarchy. This is where how the dog is raised becomes really important. If the dog is raised with love and kindness and given treats and not treated badly then he will see his family like a cooperative pack. The dog will generally be friendly, loyal, happy and confident and they will generally let kids get away with the same goofiness that puppies get away with. \n\nOn the other hand, if the dog is raised with violence, anger and intimidation, you will find an anxious animal that sees its family as a competitive pack ... and children better watch themselves. \n\nTL;DR - a dog in a loving family will be tolerant of kids and protective of the property, a dog raised in an abusive family is more likely to snap or be afraid of strangers.\n\nsource - pure anecdote from the best dog trainer I ever met",
"[Kind of relevant](_URL_0_)",
"Why is everybody fighting on reddit?? What happened??\n\n:(",
"That is a good dog. That's why.",
"If a dog is left to starve in a room with a healthy infant, would it eventually eat the baby?",
"It's also a matter of size and intent.\n\nImagine that you're a dog, and you see something smallish (probably smaller than you are) which is boisterous, noisy, and very clearly intent on trying to play with you. You'd treat it gently, and have patience with it, just like you would a child or adolescent as a grown man.\n\nNow, imagine you're the same size, but now the person before you is much taller than you are, probably outweighs you by two, even three-fold, and is much harder to read. \"What is his intention?\" you'd ask yourself. \n\n\nAs a parallel, if you were walking down the street and someone much bigger and physically-imposing than yourself came over and starting paying an awful lot of attention to you, you'd feel uneasy. Humans can consciously control their reactions, it's expected in social interactions, but a dog? They're pack animals, and their instinct is to bark to both let the new person / animal know that they're not afraid, as well as to alert others to the presence of a possible threat / prey. \n\n",
"my dog is opposite, hes cool around grown ups, real cool. but a kid so much as thinks about him, he knows. hes gonna growl, and think of a way to fuck that kids shit up. Hes never bitten a child, but we really havnt given him the chance to chill with kids often, if at all.",
"Sounds like you got a great dog.",
"Here's why, despite 9 reports and counting, this post is not being removed.\n\n1. OP's question is legitimate.\n\n2. We do not censor profanity or offensive language in ELI5.\n\n3. Fuck SRD and SRS, that's why.\n\n***\n\nedit: I'm adding this PM I sent to one subscriber who was concerned about the decision:\n\nThis post will not be removed. It does not violate any of our rules and is to be expected in an internet forum. Having said that, I do find the language to be quite offensive. But once we start censoring these posts by language, we fall down the slippery slope. I moderate /r/justiceporn where this would be removed instantly. It's a different community over there.\n\nOP's question is legitimate, and he is certainly not using the word \"faggot\" as a reference to sexuality. Unfortunately, that word has now become to many to mean \"asshole\" or something. I wish I could remove the post, but I cannot.\n\nI don't think OP was using it in a hateful way, and I doubt that anyone now is \"reliving their past assaults\" due to seeing this word in a place where it is quite common. Since it was upvoted so much, it was clearly a good question according to the majority of users who voted. There was no offensive word in the title, either. It was just a humorous elaboration that capitalized on quite offensive language. But it wasn't targeted-- OP didn't say \"fuck gay people.\" He said, \"my dog's a faggot.\" There was no malicious intent.\n\nOnce again, I agree with you. This is the hardest part of modding-- deciding when to remove content that you disagree with.",
"Most dogs are good at telling whether a human is juvenile or an adult, and react to it accordingly. Much in the same way they treat puppies differently then adult dogs. My 8lb adult dog will regularly \"correct\" my friends 20lb puppy when she misbehaves, and the puppy responds as if an authority figure is addressing her. \n\nIn the dog to human relationship, your dog lets kids get away with stuff because they are not mature yet, but sees other adults as outsiders encroaching on it's packs territory.\n\nWhen a dog likes adults but fears children, it's usually a timid dog that doesn't like the unpredictability of children. ",
"You need to teach your kids to be kind to your dog. One of these days he may Have had enough and turn on them. The who is the one who will be put down. The poor dog who put up with the abuse for too many years. Do your kids, and dog, a favour and shiw the that all animals deserve to be treated with kindness.",
"They're not robots. They can tell the difference between a child and adult and treat them differently, same as you. ",
"Your dog is smart, and knows they are babies. Same reason he'd let a puppy bite the hell out of his tail or paw.",
"It has to do with the geometric features of babies' faces. Babies' faces are made up so that adults' brains think \"Oh it's a baby. Better nurture and not hurt\". It also happens between species. That's why puppies and kittens make people feel better. ",
"when did reddit get so sensitive",
"Remember Colby 2012",
"Your dog is a GGG and he realizes they're just kids, and that adults are for the most part: a corrupt and sorta evil bunch.",
"Animals recognize the young of a species and don't feel any threat. That's why dogs will be fine with kittens but run after cats. Though I don't advise leaving your children with any bears, bears are assholes. ",
" > that fucking faggot is afraid of squirrels.\n\nMade me laugh. Thank you.\n",
"This has already been answered, but, I'll chime in and say that I've witnessed a similar disposition in cats. My beloved childhood bitch-cat, Figgy, is, well, a bitch. The type of kitty who will purr lovingly, rubbing on you, and then out of nowhere will hiss, bite the living shit out of you, and either run away or lay down and look at you like \"get the fuck outta here\".\n\nHowever, many moons ago, when my 2-year-old niece Sofie was visiting, Figgy had a temporary change of heart. Sofie approached Figgy (who was laying down on her side), and of course all of us were nervous, as Figgy has... a reputation. Sofie started \"pawing\" (pun intended) at Figgy's belly, which is usually a HUGE no-no zone, and just generally being way too touchy for Figgy's usual tastes... Figgy was completely passive and didn't do so much as twitch her ears at Sofie. We were SO proud of our evil little Figgy.\n\nOf course, once Sofie left Figgy alone and one of us larger humans tried petting her, we dun got bit. Such is Figgy.\n\nTL;DR: I only speak from anecdotal experience, but I think that cats and dogs know when something is an infant/helpless, and will restrain themselves accordingly."
]
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|
[] |
[] |
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"http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/dvm/Working+with+patients+-+technicians/Study-Chihuahuas-bite-vets-most-Lhaso-Apsos-inflic/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/613820?contextCategoryId=204&ref=25"
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|
6nu6q8
|
why is drive-thru pizza much less prevalent than burgers or other junk food?
|
I've personally never seen a drive through pizza shop. I hear there are some combined with taco bells etc. but these do not even make a dent in the ratio of burger, taco, chicken places. Any idea why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6nu6q8/eli5why_is_drivethru_pizza_much_less_prevalent/
|
{
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"text": [
"Because they might not fit through the car window?",
"You can call a pizza place and order it, and go get it made to your specification, and then just go pick it up just like fast food.. **Lil Caesars** is also fast food. \n\nPizza also gets made fresh every single time, and pizza is generally larger so it's not something that can really be done fast unless it's the mini pizzas like you can get at the tacohut.\n\nIt's also a lot easier to eat some fries, drink a milkshake, and swallow a hamburger whole than it is to easy a greasy piece of pizza while driving - which is why most people get fast food."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
43wf8d
|
what would happen if a group of. modern humans were raised from birth in an atmosphere of say 35% oxygen?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/43wf8d/eli5_what_would_happen_if_a_group_of_modern/
|
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"I imagine it would be the opposite of what happens to humans raised in a low oxygen environment. With that much oxygen, their lungs would be less efficient because it's easier to absorb oxygen when there is a higher concentration. "
]
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|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
214ut1
|
what would the logistics of global nuclear disarmament be?
|
It seems like it would be in literally everyone's best interest if we made production and possession of nuclear weapons illegal under the Geneve Conventions. Why does this not happen?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/214ut1/eli5_what_would_the_logistics_of_global_nuclear/
|
{
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"text": [
"If you hold the greatest diplomatic bargaining chip the wolrd has ever seen (which pretty much ensures that no one will ever invade your country again*), why would you want to get rid of it?\n\n*It's probably fair to say that Russia would not be annexing Crimea now if Ukraine has kept it's Soviet nukes."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
4c5gxo
|
there are 101 delegates for washington, how come only 34 delegates were awarded?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4c5gxo/eli5_there_are_101_delegates_for_washington_how/
|
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"I'm with the same confusion over here. Weird because it's the first time I see it happen in this elections, even after the state has declared 100% reported. ",
"\"The remaining 67 delegates are awarded based on vote results in the state's congressional districts. Those delegates will be awarded at a later date, when the state Democratic Party releases the vote shares by congressional district.\"\n\nRead more here: _URL_0_",
"I feel like i need an eli5 for delegates and super delegates. \n\nIn the uk we vote for the party leader and the one with the most votes wins... Can someone explain delagates please! ",
"I don't know all the technicalities, but here's the short version:\n\nThe precinct caucuses in Washington are small meetings of your state legislative district precinct, these are usually just the size of one or two neighborhoods. (for example, my caucus had 42 people attend) This is what we did yesterday. The votes of these caucuses elect delegates who go to the next step.\n\nThe legislative district caucuses bring groups these delegates together and repeat the process (based on which state legislative district you are in). \n\nThis is repeated a final time at the congressional district caucuses (based on, you guessed it, congressional districts)\n\nThe Washington caucus system is very confusing. The delegates similarly to the national convention are not locked to a candidate necessarily. And there are some delegates who are sent as undeclared, and can make up their minds later.\n\nHere is a PDF from the state party with a full explanation: _URL_0_",
"It's really important to keep in mind that in Primaries, it is a political party that is selecting their candidate, not the general public on a popular vote. And political parties make up their own rules for how such a selection takes place. \n\nThey could make it one general, national election decided by a popular vote, but, they don't. They follow the model of the Electoral College and apportion the final vote to state electors (i.e., 'delegates'). And each state can make up their own rules for deciding who those delegates will be within the confines of the national party rules. So, a state could make it an open primary for any citizen to vote decided by most votes. Or they could further segment the population and assign delegates by county or congressional district. They could apportion some of their delegates by who got the most votes and others by districts. They can make it winner-take-all or apportion delegates proportionately.\n\nAnd the delegates chosen could be bound to vote at the national party convention for a particular candidate or not. Or be bound on the first vote and free to switch on subsequent votes. And if the rules are vague, you may get delegates not voting the way they were supposed to. Or, in the choosing of the actual people to be delegates, the state party may be overrun with a particular faction that ignores the primary election and choose delegates who will vote for someone else.\n\nBecause some state primaries have open (not closed to members of their own party) general elections, it could seem that all of us citizens are involved in a winnowing down of candidates in a March-Madness-like series of brackets. But that's not how it works at all. These are elections held and run by political parties to chose a candidate to represent the party. If a party wanted to, they could completely skip any type of public elections and just have members of their party who have won a public office show up at a convention and vote there among themselves.\n\nThe Democtratic Party has Superdelegates made up mostly of Democrats who have won office (e.g., Congressional Democrats). The theory is that these are party stalwarts and insiders and, most importantly, election winners. They have the support of their people whom they represent... not just Democrats, but they won a general election. So, why not give them a say in choosing the candidate for president from their party? As general election winners, they tend to be more moderate. And, as Democratic office-holders, they are theoretically loyal to the party and the party's 'platform.' Some think that Superdelegates are undemocratic... but they already won general democratic elections. They are more representative of the general public than the delegates won in a 'closed' primary with just Democratic voters voting.",
"So, here's a [link](_URL_0_) to the Washington State Democratic Party press kit.\n\nThe basics of it are this: discounting \"super delegates,\" Washington Dems have 101 state level pledged delegates to assign. These delegates are split into 3 groups: 67 Congressional District delegates, 12 Party Leaders and Elected Officials (PLEOs), and 22 \"at-large\" delegates, along with 7 alternates. The 12 PLEOs and the 22 \"at-large\" delegates are the ones that are currently showing up, because they are assigned, or pledged, based on the results of the precinct level caucuses. The remaining 67 aren't pledged until the Congressional District caucuses are over, on May 21. Those caucuses will also select who the state level delegates will be, and will be attended by delegates sent from the legislative district caucus, or county caucus if there is no legislative district caucus, held on April 17 and and May 1 respectively.\n\nOther states do it differently, but this is how the Washington State Democratic Party does it. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/national-politics/article68418507.html#storylink=cpy"
],
[],
[
"http://bit.ly/1PspcFs"
],
[],
[
"http://www.wa-democrats.org/sites/wadems/files/documents/2016%20Caucus%20and%20Convention%20Press%20Guide%20-%20150915.pdf"
]
] |
||
37nmdw
|
how do projectors project the color black? isn't black just the absence of light?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/37nmdw/eli5how_do_projectors_project_the_color_black/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cro8g61",
"cro8ln2",
"cro9pb7",
"crob3v5",
"crof8xf",
"crohl5a"
],
"score": [
453,
46,
12,
3,
32,
4
],
"text": [
"They don't. It's your stupid human brain tricking you into seeing black. In fact, the lack of a real black is one of the problems with projectors. ",
"The white color of the screen is as black as the projected image gets. It's why contrast is such a big issue with projectors, particularly in rooms with a lot of ambient light.",
"Projectors/TVs/computer screens work with [additive colour](_URL_1_), where 100% of every colour is white and the absence of any signal leaves blackness. This is the opposite of paint/crayons/ink and such which use [subtractive colour](_URL_0_) and where 100% of every colour is black. \n\nEdit: Oops. Reversed them. Thanks for correcting me.",
"a beamer work like a shadow play.\n\nyou have a light bulb, a screen of crystals that make shadow in the right spot, with moving image changing all the time.\n\nBlack is just shadow. If the bright stuff around it is bright enough, or the room is really dark, it will be perfect black. Otherwise black can often be quite grayish with beamers, because the white wall you project on reflects the ambient light very well too.",
"Black depends on the surface you are projecting onto. THAT is the blackest anything can get when you watch a movie/tv on it. Projectors simply try not to cast any additional light onto the surface. \n\nSo for example [an off-white screen in a bright room](_URL_0_).. That is as black as black can get. All the projector can do is try to make the white bits brighter than that (aka contrast ratio) to show an image.\n\nBut that same off-white screen, [backlit with only the projector shining on it](_URL_1_), Movie Magic. Way more contrast and the \"dark\" parts of the screen stay that way.",
"black equals darkness, so projectors don't project much light in the black spots to keep it dark, this is why projectors need to be in a dark room, the darkness makes the black color, not the projector."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtractive_color",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive_color"
],
[],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/7qsHcZU.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/lGOSKvY.jpg"
],
[]
] |
||
5tygkt
|
why does it take so long for bone healing?
|
I recently underwent surgery and I may have to under go another one soon.
As a result, I wanted to know how, exactly, bone repairs itself (to see how long I'm going to have to endure the recovery process). I stumbled across the following video: _URL_0_.
So, assuming the video is accurate, I have a general understanding about the process. However, I want to know *why* it takes so long for bone to fully heal.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5tygkt/eli5_why_does_it_take_so_long_for_bone_healing/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ddq0mbw"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"So basically, your cells are bridging a gap of several millimeters (thousands of times their own size), by absorbing and depositing rock, without a plan, or even eyes. The repair process is basically a series of quick and dirty fixes, each of which is used as a scaffold for the next step.\n\nThe initial blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue, which is basically a scaffold of fibroblasts and blood vessels, and the dead bone is cleared away. Then, the gap is bridged by growing hyaline cartilage and woven bone. Hyaline cartilage is the hard, slick cartilage that grows in joints; woven bone consists of fibers thrown together any which way just to fill space. This first quick fix is called the \"fracture callus\".\n\nThen, there's a waiting period while the fracture callus becomes mineralized (absorbs calcium) so there's materials to work with for the next setp. Then, cells drill tiny channels through the callus, each containing a blood vessel and lots of osteoblasts. The osteoblasts lay down layers of solid bone on the walls of the channel, creating lamellar bone. Essentially, it's been converted into the \"spongy\" bone tissue you get inside of long bones. At this point, most of the original strength is restored, and this is when you'd get the cast taken off.\n\nFinally, the outer layers of spongy bone tissue are absorbed and replaced with a coating of solid bone, making it basically the same as the original tissue. This last step takes 3-5 years.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-P6LsendHxU"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
3cwby5
|
what is the best way to start planning for retirement?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3cwby5/eli5_what_is_the_best_way_to_start_planning_for/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cszktb8",
"cszl103"
],
"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"You asked \"What is the best way to start planning for retirement\".\n\nI would suggest a different approach. Plans change, investments will vary, options depend on many factors.\n\nI advise you both agree to a retirement **commitment**. \n\nCommit to a percent of your income that will be invested every month and every year for the rest of your lives - - together.\n\nCommit that you will not touch that retirement nest egg EVER until retirement.\n\nFor example, if you hit hard times, before you dip into the retirement fund, downsize. Sell stuff. Change jobs. Take on a second job.\n\nIf you can commit that you will do this for each other, because you know that you want to provide for your \"golden years\" together, the rest - - the details - - will follow. ",
"I suggest browsing [/r/personalfinance](_URL_0_).\n\n[The wiki](_URL_0_/wiki/commontopics) on what to do with money is pretty much what you need to follow if you're looking to retire and maintain your current lifestyle. There is also a more detailed [wiki on 401k's](_URL_0_/wiki/401k).\n\nEssentially, you'll want to start a traditional or Roth IRA with whatever retirement system you use. I don't know enough about NYS or TIAA to make a suggestion, though both should allow you to make an IRA. Next would be to set your investments - which you can just pick a target date (if available) or do a [three fund plan](_URL_1_). Then, regularly contribute to the IRA. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance",
"http://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/Three-fund_portfolio",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/wiki/commontopics",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/wiki/401k"
]
] |
||
2gwupg
|
why are hotel tvs so slow and hard to use?
|
Why can't it just be a normal cable box like we all have at home? It seems to be going though some proprietary system that is always slow and unresponsive
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2gwupg/eli5_why_are_hotel_tvs_so_slow_and_hard_to_use/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ckna479",
"cknayy0"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"I think you may have answered your own question ",
"IPTV. There are several vendors that offer IPTV solutions that integrate with hotel billing solutions, so they can provide you with free content, and also pay per view. There's usually a set-top box in the room connected to the TV and to the network. This boxes are usually old, slow, and yet very expensive. Newer solutions are faster and better, but hotels where early adopters, and this solutions are very expensive. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2pj9rv
|
what is to stop a company being sold, and then every employee leaving the newly-sold company to form another?
|
I was kinda thinking about this in terms of Bungie becoming (at least for ten years) under control of the publisher Activision, while a few key members went off to form a new studio, 343 Industries.
What if a company were sold in this sense, then pretty much every single employee left to join the new company, led by the old executives. Would such a move be illegal?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2pj9rv/eli5_what_is_to_stop_a_company_being_sold_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cmx71ow",
"cmx73yi",
"cmxfnf9"
],
"score": [
4,
7,
2
],
"text": [
"Critical employees often have to sign a non-compete agreement as a condition of employment. Any employee that broke the agreement could (and in your scenario, absolutely would) be sued by their former employer.",
"First, assets. The newly formed company would be starting from scratch in terms of funding, property, planning, ideas, and so on.\n\nSecond, contracts. Developers often work under contracts that punish attempts to recruit co-workers for this exact sort of thing.\n\nThird, risk. Starting a new company is very risky.\n\nObviously it will happen sometimes, anyway, but it's not always practical.",
"The real answer is : nothing. \n\nI worked for a photography company where 50% of the crew didn't like the new owner so they went and started a competing company. They actually did pretty well for themselves for a few years. \n\nThat's rare though. Many financial and tech companies have non-competes. Many business s have NDAs. Most importantly, starting a business takes a lot of money so unless all the new employees get funding of start emptying their pockets, it's not going to get far. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
37vtck
|
where does the energy used by a smartphone go after its battery is drained?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/37vtck/eli5_where_does_the_energy_used_by_a_smartphone/
|
{
"a_id": [
"crq6zmr"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"It's dissipated as light, heat, or radio energy. A very large amount of the battery of a modern smartphone is expended powering the light for the screen, the radio that communicates to cell towers, the GPS / geolocation services, and the electricity used to power the circuitry dissipates as heat once it does work."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
uap7t
|
i was chewing gum for a really long time and it melted into a liquid. do i have magic saliva? someone explain this on a molecular/chemical level?
|
So I was helping my friend with her paper route this morning. Around 2 am she stopped for cigarettes and I put some gum in my mouth. I kept the gum in my mouth the whole time, because there was nowhere for me to spit it. By the time we got home (around 7 am; something like 4 and a half, 5 hours later?) I went to spit it out and it had turned into a weird liquid. Why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/uap7t/eli5_i_was_chewing_gum_for_a_really_long_time_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c4trkrx",
"c4tw79t"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Depends on the gum. The brands have different secret \"gum bases\" that can be all sorts of stuff from plant resin to rubber, latex, or wax. \nEvery time you bite, you apply pressure and heat to whatever it is. Gum makers want you to chew more, so they have a balance between good enough that you'll buy more and gets crappy after a while so you'll spit it out and get a new piece. You probably went beyond the loss of flavor and into the loss of molecular integrity.",
"I have no idea how it works, but I've noticed if I put the gum I'm chewing in the corner of my mouth and eat and m & m the gum will melt."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
3t4hx3
|
covalent bonding, ionic bonding and lewis dot structure
|
I understand the differene between the two bonding, I just don't know how to tell if a chemical is covalently or ionically bonded. Could somebody also please explain how to write up a Lewis dot structure / electron dot diagram?
Thank :)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3t4hx3/eli5_covalent_bonding_ionic_bonding_and_lewis_dot/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cx31irf"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Covalent bonding is two non-metals sharing valence electrons so they both have 8 in their outer shell. The key here is \"non-metals,\" so basically halogens. \n\nIonic bonding is positively-charged metallic ions bonding with negatively charged gases (usually halogens). For example, a sodium ion (Na) has a charge of +1. It easily gives up an electron and has a positive charge. It very readily releases a single electron and now has a full orbital the next level down. Chlorine (Cl) on the other hand, has 7 valence electrons and a negative charge of -1 because of that missing electron. It REALLY WANTS 8 valence electrons. \n\nNa and Cl bond thanks to the giving of that electron and wind up bonded to form common table salt. As they are neutralized by one another's opposite charge, they are no longer reactive. Sodium is corrosive and flammable in water and chlorine is poisonous, but together, they form an ingestible mineral used to flavor food and regulate blood pressure. \n\nLewis structures are hard to create on Reddit... I'll post s link to a site that lets you build your own. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1bbiwf
|
the difference between social anxiety and shyness
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1bbiwf/eli5the_difference_between_social_anxiety_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c95d6yv"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I think severity would be a big difference. Most people are shy. Going up to someone you don't know and trying to get to know them is tough. You open yourself up for rejection and make yourself vulnerable.\n\nWhere as Social Anxiety, IMO, has more to do with far more acute reactions to social situations. It's not just shyness and feeling uncomfortable, it's having panic attacks, sweating, nausea, etc. [Like this.](_URL_0_). It can be paralyzing and isolating."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmwayV91S8s&t=1m13s"
]
] |
||
6cjgp1
|
what effect do the moon cycles have on atmospheric pressure?
|
I'm aware it's a very minor effect, but would a full moon result in a raising or a lowering of atmospheric pressure and would the opposite then be true at the new moon?
EDIT: more context.
I'm involved in a discussion about the effects of the full moon on human moods and sleep patterns. I consistently have elevated mood and energy around the full moon, but I also periodically suffer from barometric pressure headaches. It occurred to me that I (and other BPH sufferers) could be hypersensitive to shifts in atmospheric pressure. The question arose from a theory that if the full moon effects me as above, is it due to the full moon having an effect on barometric/atmospheric pressure?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6cjgp1/eli5_what_effect_do_the_moon_cycles_have_on/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dhv3iqp",
"dhvn10k"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"The only difference between a full moon and a new moon is the amount of light being reflected from the sun off the moon. Moon cycles are the equivalent of our day and night cycles. A full moon is when the side of the moon we can see is in full \"daylight\" and a new moon is when the side we can see is in full \"night.\" So to answer your question, they wouldn't have any effect whatsoever because whether the moon is new or full, its physical shape and mass are completely unchanged and thus wouldn't have variable effects on the atmosphere.",
"The sun and moon do raise an [\"atmospheric tide\"](_URL_0_) through their gravity. However, the lunar tide in particular is [incredibly small](_URL_1_), about 0.10 millibars worth of pressure. That's 100 times smaller than the changes produced by typical weather patterns, and is equivalent to a change in height of 0.8 meters.\n\nThat is to say, the pressure change caused by the Moon is less than the pressure change you feel when you stand up from your chair, so there's no way it's causing your mood swings."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_tide",
"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/does-the-moon-have-a-tida/"
]
] |
|
1wgye4
|
why do i feel bad when someone embarrasses themselves?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1wgye4/why_do_i_feel_bad_when_someone_embarrasses/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cf1um0x"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Empathy. You know that being embarrassed feels pretty terrible and you don't like to see that happen to others."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2g7g5i
|
when a flea or mosquito bites me, why does the little "bubble" pop up?
|
My dog recently got fleas and I love camping. Ive been getting bit by bugs for years now and just wondering what the little "bubble" is made from. Excess liquid? Thanks in advance Reddit!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2g7g5i/eli5_when_a_flea_or_mosquito_bites_me_why_does/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ckgbzin"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"As a biting mosquito fills itself with blood, it injects saliva into your skin. Proteins in the saliva trigger a mild immune system reaction that results in the characteristic itching and bump."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
elghm5
|
how do computers check if a file is corrupt?
|
This is a generalization, but I was thinking about how, if something goes wrong with your save data, most console games/OSes will tell you that your save game is corrupt and that it has to be deleted. How do people check that out?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/elghm5/eli5_how_do_computers_check_if_a_file_is_corrupt/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fdhnf7b",
"fdhnmz3",
"fdhnn7g",
"fdhnzo5",
"fdho8wp",
"fdhxppe",
"fdl2ii7"
],
"score": [
9,
3,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"In the programs there is defined how the save file should look, the shape, the colour, the measurements. \n\nWhen the program tries to read the file and for example a part is gone, it can find the shape, but not the colour and measurements. \n\nWithout all 3 the save file cannot be loaded and will result in some kind of error to the user.\n\nEdit: formatting\n\nEdit 2; wow my English is crap, but I hope the idea is clear.",
"In regard to a save game, it's a matter of knowing the format the file *should* be in. If it tries to read that file and it's missing necessary information, the file is corrupt and can't be used. \n\nThere's many tricks to knowing if a file is corrupt without actually loading it though, for example you can calculate a checksum (which is a string of characters) by running the data through some form of calculation. Running the same string through the same calculation results in the same checksum. When it saves the file it can generate a checksum and save that with the file. When you try to load it later you can rerun the same calculation on the data in the file (minus the checksum), to generate a fresh checksum and compare that to the saved checksum. If they match, no data has changed, otherwise something changed and is probably corrupt.",
"you add up all the numbers and then write what all the numbers add up to as the last thing in the file. Then when you read the file you add everything up again and check the number at the end of the file. If it's different then something is changed. \n\n\n(you don't really just add them, but same idea)",
"The computer knows what to expect, although it's ultimately just a bunch of 0's and 1's. The order and format is very important, such as expecting a number between 0 and 3 (00000000 - 00000011) and getting something like 10101101, it knows right away the file is corrupt.\n\nMuch like if you had an empty carton of eggs and asked how many should be in it, and someone says 13 or more. Clearly something went wrong.\n\nIn more technical terms, there's a few ways the computer can check data for accuracy. In files, we might have a shadowcopy for comparison, or have a checksum of total bits or a simple parity test to help determine data integrity.\n\nFor more complex systems, we often test input vs what was expected. If any data does not fit our criteria than we know not to trust that data.\n\nNote: I'll try to add references later to help visualize some of these concepts better later.",
"Several ways. \n\n1) At the \"raw data\" level. Files are usually saved with a checksum. This is a method that doesn't \"care\" about the data on the file but simply compares the retrieved data with a \"checksum\". This checksum can be a simple count of the number of 0's or 1's in a particular number of bits. So if the checksum says it should be \"odd\" and but the retrieved data shows \"even\", it flags the data as corrupt.\n\n2) All data in a file is usually structured. So the first few pieces might contain a name, the next few pieces of data might be the date, the third piece... So the program reading the data will try to extract this information. If it comes back with nonsense, then the program can respond with \"corrupted file\".\n\n3) File systems themselves have to give an \"address\" and \"length\" - ie where the data is located on the disk drive or SDD. If the OS goes to the file system and it gets a nonsense address (eg if the disk drive has 10 addresses and the file system says go to address 11) then it will flag the file as missing/corrupted. \n\nThis is a very simplified explanation because things are actually a bit more sophisticated but gives you an idea how this works.",
"They don't know, they will load corrupt data unless the software has been programmed to catch the error. How the software will react when it loads corrupt data will depend on the program. Some might crash, other might load it and weird things will happen.\n\nHere's a simple example. I write a program to divide numbers. For the first number the person enters 22, for the second number they enter 0. You can't divide by 0, so when the program tries to do so it will give an error and crash. So I change the program to check if the user has entered 0, and if they do I tell them to put in a different number.\n\nNow the user types in CAT for the first number. I have not checked that the user has entered a valid number, and depending on the language I'm using different things might occur. Python for example doesn't require declaring a variable type, so now the program will try to divide CAT by a number. C requires declaring the variable type, if I use int (for integer) the program will give an error when I try to put CAT in a data type that can only take a whole number.\n\nSo I check that both values are a number, and the second value is not 0.\n\nOn GameHut the dude talks about error handling in Sonic 3D. Sega would not let a game through certification if it crashed, but Sega did not provide good feedback so he did not know why certification would fail. To get around this he wrote the program to go to a \"secret\" level select if an unhandled error occured. _URL_0_",
"With 15 comments I'm sure the answers have been provided but the nuggets I will leave behind are signatures and hashes. In regards to file transfers and IT security (not game saves as you questioned), you (your security system) can tell if a file is bad in two ways. First, it can be scanned with things like an anti-virus scanner. When this happens its looking for known \"signatures\" or patterns within code that would indicate it is or has part of a virus or some other payload previously discovered to be malicious. The other method is hashing. If I want to send you a file, I will use an algorithm which uses all of the information contained in the files as input and the algorithm will return me an output of random characters. This acts as a finger print because if you change a single character in the entire code from say the letter b to c or even b to B, then the entire string is entirely different. This is used to ensure the \"integrity\" of a file is preserved. If the string you get is different from what I got before sending it, that means something changed in the files (either it was intercepted and replaced with something bad, intercepted and adjusted to be bad or damaged in the transfer resulting in different information).\n\n & #x200B;\n\nMy presumption is that when you save a game file, it makes a hash and then when you load it, it re-runs the hash. If they don't match, something happened and the file is considered corrupt."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://youtu.be/i9bkKw32dGw"
],
[]
] |
|
1w2zls
|
what happens to the materials that get "vaporized" in an atomic blast?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1w2zls/eli5_what_happens_to_the_materials_that_get/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cey7xhj",
"cey9f97"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"They're turned into gases by the heat, that's what vaporization is. Depending on how they end up chemically, they might remain gas (as oxygen or the like) or eventually condense out of the air across a wide area.",
"There are two different things that people often mean by \"vaporized.\"\n\nMost of the materials that are exposed to a nuclear explosion are not vaporized. They are simply crushed, melted, or set on fire. Nothing special happens there.\n\nMaterials that are within very close range of the fireball, however, can be \"vaporized.\" So the test towers that they put nuclear bombs on, those can get vaporized, leaving nothing but little stumps at the bottom anchored in concrete. If you dropped a bomb on a city and had it go off upon hitting the ground (which is not what happened at Hiroshima or Nagasaki — those bombs went off very high in the air), then anything caught within the fireball would be vaporized, because the fireball is many tens of thousands of degrees in temperature.\n\nWhat happens to that debris? It becomes part of the rising mushroom cloud, which is the hot fireball mixing and rising with the cooler, denser atmosphere. \n\nWhat happens to it then? It becomes part of the localized nuclear fallout. The particles of metal, dirt, dust, coral, concrete, what-have-you are all fairly heavy, even if they are made very small. Typical fallout particles are large enough to be visible to the naked eye, like pieces of sand. As these cool they fall back to earth, within several hours after the detonation. They are very radioactive. This is the kind of fallout that can kill people who are exposed to them when they fall, and can contaminate the land for many decades.\n\nIf the bomb goes off at at altitude where these heavy sorts of particles don't mix into it, it has far less local fallout, because the fireball particles are very hot and very light and stay up in the upper atmosphere for much, much longer. (Years if not decades.) They do still \"fall out\" over time, but this is what is known as \"global fallout\" and it really just means a small increase of the background radiation exposure for the hemisphere the bomb was set off in. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
1ip5bk
|
how does companies like whatsapp, viber and handsent work? i can send/receive messages for free using their services, while phone carriers charge so much.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ip5bk/eli5_how_does_companies_like_whatsapp_viber_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cb6oh31"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Saying 'it is free with the apps' is a bit of a incorrect statement. The apps use your data to send the messages unless you are on wifi. The messages don't increment the text counter that normal text messages use to know if you are nearing your limit (if you don't have unlimited). So you still pay for it just under your data plan, and not the text messaging. The reason companies charge separate for text messages is because they can. Before data plans were around, text plans were used. It just carried over as an extra charge because people will still pay for it. The text messages still go over data -- thus counting against your data limit as well. The only difference is that if you go over data with text messages you won't be penalized (however I highly doubt the average user even comes close to going over their limit every month).\n\nEdit: Reworded the first couple of sentences for clarity."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
6hu74v
|
what exactly happens when one form of energy transforms into another?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6hu74v/eli5_what_exactly_happens_when_one_form_of_energy/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dj16k34"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"The thing to understand about energy is this: it's not a physically tangible, real thing. You can't hold it, touch it or really perceive it directly. You can observe and perceive the things which it allows to happen, like forces, motion, currents, voltages and temperatures, but not directly the energy itself. \n\nThe only reason we're interested in energy at all is *because* it's conserved. The fact that the total energy of a system has to be the same both before and after an interaction or event takes places imposes important constraints upon the processes which are allowed to take place in the Universe. \n\nSo, what's the best way to think about energy? Well, I think it's to imagine it as an accounting tool - energy is the currency of the Universe. In the human world, when you receive money you are able to do things. Money opens up the ability for you to take actions that you couldn't otherwise have done. You exchange your money to do something, and then when it's gone you can't do anything else until you get some more. Energy is like that. Things in the Universe receive energy and can then undergo processes that they couldn't do before. The thing is, the Universe is a bit of a spendaholic, so once things get some extra energy, they tend to lose it as quickly as possible, unless something can prevent them from doing so. The actions that things undergo make the energy changes form, just like spending money makes it change hands. \n\nSo what happens when energy changes form? Well, it's really just as simple as something happening to the object. Say we have an object suspended in the air. It has a lot of gravitational potential energy - a lot of money that it can spend. We release it, and it immediately spends this energy to start moving. The thing that happens is the action which the object undergoes. There's no ethereal change of the form of the energy in some higher space, or whatever you might be imagining, because energy isn't tangible - it's just an accounting tool. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
8p1ntz
|
how does the body exhale lost weight?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8p1ntz/eli5_how_does_the_body_exhale_lost_weight/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e07plhb",
"e07qveu"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"When you burn sugar for energy, it breaks down to carbon dioxide. Which is what you exhale. So, when you burn more calories, you exhale more, and it is truly lost weight.\n\nCompare that to loosing water weight through sweat. Which is much bigger but just comes back as soon as you get a drink.",
"Your cells are tiny machines that convert the carbon chains found in oils, starches, and sugar into carbon dioxide and energy. You then exhale all the carbon dioxide your body produces, the carbon came from a food or stored fat molecule that was broken down to provide energy for your body to survive or do something. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
9du2ns
|
how does a power bank "know" when it is connected to charge itself, and when to charge the connected device?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9du2ns/eli5_how_does_a_power_bank_know_when_it_is/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e5k0mi0",
"e5k30ab"
],
"score": [
10,
2
],
"text": [
"There are logic boards in power bank, device, and charger that communicate, and tell each other what to do",
"The power bank can talk to the charger or cell phone through the USB cable. So when you connect it to something, it'll ask what kind of device it's connected to. If it's a wall charger, it'll ask to get charged - and if it's a cell phone, it'll charge that."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
39qftg
|
how come if i'm late making a payment a corporation/company can charge me interest on the outstanding amount. but when a corporation/company owes me money, i can't charge them interest?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/39qftg/eli5_how_come_if_im_late_making_a_payment_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cs5hrf6",
"cs5hs2w",
"cs5hxsv"
],
"score": [
7,
8,
2
],
"text": [
"Most likely, because you signed a contract with them, or made an agreement by some other means, that says they have the right to charge you interest.\n\nThe same contract or agreement might have also said they don't have to pay you interest.",
"Did you sign a contract with them saying that you could? Because it's likely that when you entered an agreement with a corporation to pay them, that you agreed to being charged interest on late payments. The law is a bitch.",
"If a corporation owes you money and you're not getting interest from them, you should renegotiate the contract you signed with them if it's that important to you."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
4v03tk
|
your masters or phd thesis
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4v03tk/eli5your_masters_or_phd_thesis/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d5uabdp"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Using the processor of a graphics card for mathematical operations instead of the main computer processor. This made the said operations run around 140x faster."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1w1fmg
|
where did racial slurs derive from, and how did they become offensive?
|
As the title states, I'm curious as to where these terms came from. Sometimes, they just don't make sense.
For example, where did the term "cracker" or "spic" come from?
I'm just really curious, and I'm itching to know
I hope this post doesn't offend anyone!
Edit: Answered in a few minutes! Thanks a lot, guys!!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1w1fmg/eli5where_did_racial_slurs_derive_from_and_how/
|
{
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"cexs8h5",
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],
"score": [
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13,
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3,
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"text": [
"_URL_0_ is your friend here.\n\n[\"Spic\" comes from the Latin American pronunciation of \"No speak English\".](http://_URL_0_/index.php?term=spic & allowed_in_frame=0)\n\n[\"Cracker\" may have come from a term meaning a boaster (as in \"it's not what it's cracked up to be.)](http://_URL_0_/index.php?term=cracker & allowed_in_frame=0)\n\nWhy are these offensive? Because they're deliberately used to make fun of people (as in \"spic\") or to put people down.\n\nEDIT: missing bracket",
"Nobody really knows where cracker comes from, but there's a couple possible explanations. One is from slave foremen cracking a whip. One is that they were poor whites who subsisted on a diet largely of cracked corn. One is from an old term for a braggart (based on \"crack\" at the time meaning an entertaining conversation, e.g. \"wisecrack\").\n\nHonky seems to be a corruption of hunky, itself a corruption of Hungarian used to describe poor unskilled factory workers (and Hungarians are white of course).\n\nGringo is a corruption of the Spanish \"griego\" meaning Greek, probably the same way we say \"it's Greek to me,\" referring to something unintelligible. or not understandable.\n\nDago and wop for mediterraneans generally and particularly Italians come from Diego (a Spanish name) and Guappo (an Italian word used like we say \"dude\" these days, from Spanish guapo \"handsome\"). \n\nLimey for English people is from their sailors using lime juice to prevent scurvy before vitamin C supplements were available. Mick for Irish comes from the common name prefix Mc- meaning \"son of,\" and Paddy comes from the given name Padraig/Patrick.\n\nSpic is thought to be a takeoff on a stereotypical Spanish pronunciation of the English word \"speak,\" as in \"no spic inglish.\"\n\nNigger is a corruption of negro, the Spanish/Portuguese word for black. Negro is obviously a direct use of that. Spade comes from the suite of cards' symbol being black. Can't find etymologies for coon and spook.\n\nKike probably comes from kikel, Yiddish for circle, because Jews migrating to America would allegedly sign immigration papers with an O instead of an X because they associated the latter with Christianity. Hebe comes from the word Hebrew, and Yid comes from the word Yiddish.\n\nFor Asians, chink and jap or nip are shortenings of China and Japan/Nippon. Gook comes from Korean \"guk\" meaning \"country.\" Slope, slant, and squint all refer to the shape of their eyes. Can't find an etymology for zipperhead or zip.",
"To very generally answer the second part of your question:\n\n1. A powerful group recognizes another group as different from itself, or \"other\"\n\n\n2. The powerful group thinks that other group is inferior because it has been labeled as \"not us\"\n\n\n3. The powerful group develops language to refer to this \"other\" group\n\n \n4. When the powerful group uses this language, it is accompanied with repeated acts of oppression and discrimination that reflect the powerful group's perceptions\n\n\n5. The language begins to signify the other group's inferiority and disadvantaged position in society\n\n\n6. The language eventually becomes another mechanism of reinforcing oppression and discrimination, drawing on years of mistreatment and bigotry for the power of its punch",
"WOP = Slur against Italians and stood for \"Without papers\" meaning they came to the US illegally.\n\nKike = Slur against Jews that was born on Ellis Island when there were Jewish immigrants who were also illiterate signed their name with a circle. The Yiddish word for 'circle' is kikel (pronounced KY-kul), and for 'little circle,' kikeleh (pronounced KY-kul-uh). Before long the immigration inspectors were calling anyone who signed with an 'O' in place of an 'X' a kikel or kikeleh or kikee or, finally and succinctly, kike.\n\nOne that a lot of people don't know about is using the word \"gyp\" or \"jip\" as a slang for being cheated. As in, \"Paying $30 for a burger?! What a gyp!\" or \"I got jipped on that!\" Gyp is short for \"gypsy\" and it was a jab at them for being known as swindlers and cheats.\n\nThe original image/costume of the clown is also born of racial intolerance. Clowns have bright red hair and big red noses because they're supposed to be a parody of Irish people (red noses because they are heavy drinkers and associated with being drunk all the time).\n\nThe term \"Paddy Wagon\" is also racist. It was called the \"Paddy Wagon\" because people assumed it just trolled around town scooping up all of the drunk Irishmen who are loud and causing trouble in the streets.\n\nEdit: spelling",
"Funnily enough, the term \"Kike\" was originally used by Americanized Jews to mock recent Jewish immigrants. \n\nWhen immigrating to the U.S. through Ellis Island, if people couldn't read or write English they would traditionally just mark an X on immigration forms. However, observant Jews viewed the X as a form of the Christian cross, so they would make their mark a circle. In Yiddish, a circle is called a \"kikel\", so you can see how that became \"kike\".",
"In response to the second part of your question, \"How did they become offensive?\", this has more to do with intention behind the words, than with any word in particular. All of these words represent a label being forced onto a culture, race, religion, gender, group etc. through assumption and judgment rather than using a self selected label/identity preferred by that group. \n\nAs an example, (although far less offensive) consider being called \"child\" by a random adult if you are past an age to be considered a child. As in, \"Look, child...\" or \"Now, child...\" That adult has, with one word, completely dismissed something about you and forced a label onto you that shows a general assumption about who you are and how they are allowed to treat you. ",
"Racial slurs are as old as time. The word \"barbarian\" was invented by the Romans to slur non-Romans. Because they didn't speak Latin, their speech was derided and compared to the \"baaa-baaaa\" sound a sheep makes. ",
"In general, words become offensive when people start taking getting offended by them. Offensive has two arguments - \"X is offensive\" isn't a valid statement, it's \"Y finds X offensive\"."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"etymonline.com",
"http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=spic&allowed_in_frame=0",
"http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=cracker&allowed_in_frame=0"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
1f6tgu
|
how does harsh racism/extremism play a role in helping dictators come to power?
|
There seems to be a pattern in dictators hating certain groups of people. I'm curious to know why and how it helped them gain control of entire countries.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1f6tgu/eli5_how_does_harsh_racismextremism_play_a_role/
|
{
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"ca7d1qs",
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],
"score": [
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6
],
"text": [
"Dictators, over time, have taken full advantage of the \"divide and rule\" concept. If a dictator can convince the majority that they are under threat from a minority group, then the majority are much more likely to be passive towards a leader which promises to provide a solution to such a threat. \n\nThe documentary [Five Steps To Tyranny](_URL_0_) deals with this in greater detail.",
"I'm not sure it always does. There's a handy 'scapegoat effect' where the dictator shunts any problems onto that group of people. It also serves to unite everyone against whatever group they hate.\n\nSecond, hate is a very strong emotion, and it can push the person to gain power. Hitler, it could be argued, channeled his hate for Jews and Communists (shared by a lot of Germany at the time, it should be said) into his speeches.\n\nBut I think when you look under the lid of things, there are probably lots of other circumstances that lead to them being able to take power as well."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jk2-ZXAWkfg"
],
[]
] |
|
1w4swr
|
why does your belly stick out more when you get older?
|
Even for people in pretty good shape, their bellies seem to portrude more as they get older. You can do all the ab workouts you want but it starts slooping down and you can always tell when looking from the side. Why?
edit:
these are all dogshit answers and i don't accept them. they are not the explanations for a 5 year old but mere postulation of doofuses. I won't have it.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1w4swr/eli5why_does_your_belly_stick_out_more_when_you/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ceyoqei",
"ceys2nk"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"decades of beer",
"There can be several reasons\n\n* fluid build up in your abdominal cavity \n* slower metabolism causes fat build up\n* loss of skin elasticity \n* muscle degradation in your back and abs cause poor posture\n\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
y5tur
|
how do you make a website?
|
I would like to make a website, but have no idea where to even start. How do I do it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/y5tur/eli5_how_do_you_make_a_website/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c5sm7ru",
"c5socwl"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Depends on what you want to do. _URL_3_ is a simple layout website that will take care of hosting and everything for you. You can buy your own domain name (READ: URL name) from places like _URL_2_ or _URL_1_ and have it say whatever you'd like. (ie _URL_0_)\n\nYou can also code your own, but if you're posting in eli5 I don't think you'd want to know that kind of thing. ",
"To make a website, you will need a few things:\n\n**A web host** - that stores the website on their servers and \"broadcasts\" the site to the internet. You should look at reviews to pick a good host - they can be hard to find. If you want a referral, PM me.\n\n**A domain name** - the name of the site (for example: www._URL_0_) that is also the \"address\" of the website so people can get to it.\n\nYou point the domain name to the web host through something called DNS. DNS basically says \"you are looking for _URL_0_? That's at 64.208.126.35. Your web host can help you get this set up correctly.\n\nOnce your domain name is pointing to your web host, you need to **build the site**. There are several ways to do this and some web hosts provide tools to help you get a basic site up and running. You would need to consult your host on instructions and options for that.\n\nMost websites are built with code called HTML. HTML is a *markup language* **not** a *programming language* so it is pretty easy to learn. You can get books on HTML at any major bookstore and I bet your local library has some good books you can borrow for free. There are also a lot of good online resources including _URL_2_. You may want to check /r/html for some resources they recommend.\n\nYou may also want to add pictures to your website so a good photo editor like Photoshop will be needed. Web graphics are much smaller than print graphics (only 72 dpi!) so even if you have pictures ready, you'll want to make sure they have the right resolution.\n\nIf you want to do more complicated things like animation, interactive tools, data storage, etc. You will need to move into *scripting* technologies like javascript and possibly *programing* like PHP. Those things can be a lot more complicated to learn depending on your needs but you can often find good tutorials or pre-made scripts through Google.\n\nOnce your website is built, you need to transfer it to your webhost. This is usually done with a process called FTP (File Transfer Protocol). FTP generally requires a special application that can be downloaded from cnet for free (they have several available).\n\nOnce you upload your website, test everything, make corrections, and then you are all done! You will have your first website!"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"www.joeyblaze.com",
"godaddy.com",
"namecheap.com",
"Wix.com"
],
[
"reddit.com",
"www.reddit.com",
"w3schools.com"
]
] |
|
3ol1ec
|
why have we settled on a font/s where l, i, and 1 are often indistinguishable? also o and 0.
|
We really only need 52 letters and 10 numbers. Is it really so hard to standardize so that 5 (or more) of them aren't totally confusing? What happened historically? Why not Ø as the standard zero?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ol1ec/eli5_why_have_we_settled_on_a_fonts_where_l_i_and/
|
{
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2,
2
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"text": [
"Well, by and large they're pretty easy to separate out contextually. There aren't that many circumstances where 0/O is ambiguous. ",
"If I remember it correctly, those characters were purposefully similar on a type writer and/or printing press for ease of producing dies. Plus if one key broke, you had backups. Computer typefaces come from printed typefaces. There are fonts used for programming that make it very easy to tell them apart. ",
"There are fonts where this distinction is easy, like Lucida Sans, though you might not like the monotype quality of that font. I use it for any editing where telling them apart is important."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
6ku4m9
|
how knowing mathematics is important for learning how to code a computer
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ku4m9/eli5_how_knowing_mathematics_is_important_for/
|
{
"a_id": [
"djosm63",
"djotggk",
"djou8ap",
"djoux57",
"djp128x",
"djp2o15",
"djp7ajx",
"djpd3fq",
"djpj0cc",
"djpzdsb"
],
"score": [
21,
6,
2,
14,
8,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"As a web developer, I wouldn't say I use much mathematics, what I do use is logic. Maybe math is heavily suggested because it forces you to think logically?\n\nOn a side note, I know certain programming like motion (for games) and such does deal with math.",
"Even basic and classic many hundred year old algebra familiarizes your mind with the idea of manipulating placeholder variables through rules to get the results you want.\n\nThe idea of functions which perform predictable transformations on data?\n\nPorgramming is not about memorizing 2+2=4, it's about becoming comfortable with a manipulating a wide variety of rules and transformations to get useful outcomes.\n\n",
"I don't have any proof, but if I would have to guess all of the top coders in the world are also great at math.\n\nScreen layout requires geometry.\nLinear Algebra is used for graphics.\n\nAnother important subject in math which applies to coding is methods of proof. Reducing or transforming problems into other problems (which are easier to solve or code). While in college my parallel programming professor had to rewrite all of his assignments because myself and another student who were double majors (Math and CSC) were using math to solve his problems 10x faster than anyone else in class.",
"First, because computers can't deal in subjective things, only objective truths, and the only absolutely, utterly, completely objective thing we have is math. Everything else is subject to interpretation. Even physics is technically tainted; the math we use to describe physics is guaranteed to work, but we don't know if the mathematical description itself is actually right or not (although, in fairness, we're really really really sure in most cases), entirely because those descriptions were built on our own observations, and those observations are subjective.\n\nSecond, the reason you use a computer is to crunch a lot of numbers in a relatively quick manner. Making a GUI or a web interface really isn't that difficult, so if you actually want to make yourself marketable with your programming ability you need to be able to get a computer to actually work hard for you. That means computations, which means math. Knowing higher-level math (particularly linear algebra) gives you a path to follow in order to make a general code to solve any sort of mathematical problem.\n\nFor example, a lot of high-end computational work involves either computational fluid dynamics or stress analysis, which involves breaking down the thing you are studying into really little regions called finite elements or finite volumes. Doing so means that the equations for the individual elements become relatively easy to solve, but in exchange you end up with tens of millions of individual equations. So you take those equations and put them into a format called a [matrix](_URL_0_), which you then solve using really elementary linear algebra.\n\nNow, the more math you know, the more you begin to understand that you can actually get the computer to recognize ahead of time how the matrix should be assembled so as to cut down the number of equations that have to be solved, and the size of those equations. This decreases the amount of time your computer spends chewing on the problem, sometimes by enormous amounts of time, and when these problems sometimes take **days** to solve, the time savings can really make a huge difference.\n\nAnd that's not even getting into numerical methods like Newton-Raphson method which can make things go even faster.",
"You can consider programming as a branch of mathematics. Programming functions are named from mathematical functions. \n\nSQL? That's just relational math applied.\n\nAlgorithms? That's discreet math applies.\n\nGUI? I use basic fractions a *lot* when working with GUI.\n\nSo what's the use? Relational maths seems 100% useless to me. Maybe if you were implementing your own database to compete with MySQL, DB2 or something. Maybe.\n\nDiscreet math? I often use the methods to informally check if an algorithm works before programming it. It help me learn a problem and design a working algorithm in minutes, in stead of spending days of experimenting with buggy code I don't even understand myself.\n\nOn a softer level: Maths helps me to see a problem in a logical way. See some simplicity in a complex task. And then write much simpler code with much less bugs, than if I just started coding what the customer says.\n\nAnd on a higher level: Studying math is a way to learn a kind of logical thinking, that is really really useful when programming and doing software design.",
"The type of thinking necessary to create computer programs is usually algorithmic, which is very similar to the type of reasoning needed to do mathematics and mathematical modelling. Additionally, when it comes down to it computers are built to do serial computations very quickly, quantitatively, and precisely, where humans can be thought of as parallel, abstract, qualitative processors. Any computer program can be described using some kind of mathematics. The games you play, websites you use, videos you watch, etc, using a computer rely on lots of mathematics behind the scenes that you'll never see. \n\nFrom a more philosophical and subjective standpoint, I feel learning mathematics in general is extremely important for anyone at any level. As someone who enjoys working out and being physical active, but also happens to be good at math, let me draw the following analogy: Squats and deadlifts are universally considered essential exercises to build a strong body - I feel the analogous \"exercises\" to build a strong mind are reading and mathematics. If you practice these two regularly I guarantee you'll notice your thinking improving in ANY activity you undertake. Thus, mathematics should be practiced for the sake of keeping your mind healthy, too :)",
" Well there are many cases were you might need to use math in your programming. A big one is when it comes to algorithms and figuring out their complexity. Also things like encryption, physics, 3d a lot of math so knowing math can actually be crucial for programming. You could also easily not have to use anything fancy it all depends on what you're working on but generally a large complex project is gonna involve some sort of high level math.",
"Programming today is very basic because most languages are high level meaning there is so much abstraction that it looks like English. In reality, computers interpret through logic gates and boolean algebra which is basically true or false and 0 and 1s. Furthermore, when you ask why math is needed for programming, you have to understand that we're not talking about simple statements and tasks like console.log ing something, we're talking about neural nets, machine learning, algorithms, solving the whole P vs NP problem, which takes in account heavy calculus and physics and what not. Also, we are talking about computer science in specific, not just coding. One of the most irritating things about CS is that it's so misread in the sense that people feel like it's just straight up coding when it's really so much more.",
"Math is probably only really used for scientific, financial, and gaming related stuff.\n\nI rarely use math in my programs unless I need to calculate something and it's usually just a simple equation.\n\nYou might need more math for lower level programming and working with the hardware more directly.\n\n",
"Just to complement the comments which are already on here and which I can only wholeheartedly agree with.\n\nBasically a PC is nothing but a calculator.\n\nJust a very fancy one. But at its core it still does nothing else than add 1s and 0s. Just lots of them. \n\nTo understand how you can get cool pictures, advanced computing algorithms and whatnot from your PC you need to have an understanding of binary (1s and 0s) as well as logic (AND, OR, and NOT operators being the essential ones) which both derive from math."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://help.libreoffice.org/images/c/ca/Smzb4.png"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2ddy5y
|
that "stomach drop" that expands to whole body.
|
Definitley not the type from going over the hill of a rollercoaster, a lot more of a mental one I think.
Long story short, heard my mother call my dad to kitchen, heard her say she found something in my room. Cue my stomach like plummet, heart skip a beat, felt almost light headed in a way, kind of numb arms and my heart rate definitely went up, was kind of hungry but after hearing that, that feeling went away entirely, didn't want to do anything, scared shitless.
I begin to come up with possible excuses and the feeling kind of....subsides as in not as bad as at the peak but still weird. Then I overhear that she found my dad's phonebook (yup he still has one hahah) which he was looking for on my bookshelf. So even though I'm in the clear I'm still feeling like this 10 minutes later.
What exactly did I experience and why does it happen?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ddy5y/eli5_that_stomach_drop_that_expands_to_whole_body/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjp0yer"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I think it is an adrenaline rush. Basically a fight or flight response to a danger.\n\nWhen I learned about it, I had a minor surgery in which the anesthesia didn't work fully, so I ended up feeling too much. I told the doctor and nurse what i was feeling in addition to the surgery: numbness in my face and arms, light headed, ultimately nearly passed out.\n\nThe same thing happened when I was getting an IV a few months later. Before they even touched me, the same phenomenon happened because i flashed back to that procedure.\n\nThat's when they told me that it was an adrenaline rush. Not like a cool roller coaster, but a serious one that would have made me ignore pain and flop off of an operating table despite being in the middle of being tinkered with.\n\nSo, my bet is that you felt an surge of adrenaline. From what I gathered from the medical staff, I think adrenaline short-circuits some of your trivial bodily feelings and routes all power to deal with the task at hand, whether it be mental or physical."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
aixnnr
|
difference between a container and a virtual machine
|
Can someone explay to me, what the difference is between a container and a VM?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aixnnr/eli5_difference_between_a_container_and_a_virtual/
|
{
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"eer84h4",
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"text": [
"If a machine is like a car. then a virtual server is like a car carrier with 8 cars on it and the cars are the virtual machines because although they appear to be driving along the road its the truck that's doing the driving.\n\nContainers are more like a train with separate compartments they are all in the same vehicle pulled by the same engine, but are still giving each group of people a separate ride.\n\n & #x200B;",
"A VM is a simulated computer. It has its own BIOS/EFI and simulated hardware. It can pretend to be something that the host isn't. For instance it's common for VM systems to emulate a Realtek RTL8139 card, even though said hardware might not be present at all anywhere. The virtualization system just makes it look to the VM as if there was one.\n\nA container is much thinner. There's no simulated hardware. Mostly it just compartmentalizes software. It hides host processes from the container, it pretends that a subdirectory is really the root, and so on. In Linux terms, a fancy chroot.\n\nVMs are much heavier but require little to no cooperation from the guest. You can run say, DOS in a VM, which is a system well before VMs made it into consumer space. The DOS inside just thinks it's running on an actual computer.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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] |
|
10pvbz
|
can someone explain the rules of being a bookie? like exactly what the spread, cover etc.. all means.
|
I have always been very good with math and numbers but i was wondering if i could get some detailed explanations about how bookies operate. Is it something you could do at your local bar without getting into too much trouble? But mainly i would like to know what the spread is, how you make money, lose money, get it up front? Just everything.. Thanks in advance, reddit.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/10pvbz/can_someone_explain_the_rules_of_being_a_bookie/
|
{
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"It's illegal in most of the US, so trouble is relative. What follows is a crude explanation:\n\nThe spread is the way the handicapper (bookie) adjusts the terms of the bets he accepts to reflect the information he knows about the game and about bettor sentiment. If there is no spread, the bet is \"straight up\", wherein the bettor is merely wagering on the winner, irrespective of score. These bets are rare for the following reasons.\n\nThe bookie needs to use a spread so that he a) maximizes the number of bets he receives b) balances the bets as much as possible so that half the bets are for one team and half are for the opposing team. If Team X is evidently much better than team Z, very very few will bet team Z unless you change the terms to make a bet on Team Z more attractive. This is what a point spread does. A bookie has to use a spread, otherwise it means that the bookie is not maximizing the number of bets he takes, which is his goal, because the more bets he takes, the more money he makes, very similar to a stockbroker's commission being guaranteed regardless if the trade makes or loses money\n\nBut very very few games are bet \"straight up\". Let's say it's US football. In a game, Team A is away and Team B is playing at home. It's statistically true that most teams playing in their home field score a little more than when they're away. So to adjust for this historical advantage, the bookie might create the spread of Team B -3. This means that a winning bet on Team B is a bet that the final score of the game has Team B winning by 4 or more points. Meaning even more specifically, you have to take Team B's final score, subtract three points and still have more points than Team A. Conversely, this makes Team A the underdog, or expected to lose by 3 or more points, or \"+3\". This means that the better is agreeing to take team A's final score and add three points to it and win or lose on the basis of that adjusted score.\n\nA team whose final score contains enough points to exceed the spread is said to \"cover\" the spread.\n\nThat home field advantage is only one of the potentially many adjustments a handicapper makes to the spread. This is where close understanding of the teams and the sport come in: relative strengths and weaknesses at opposing positions, health of players, weather, recent record, team psychology, individual psychology, and on and on and on. These are all codified into the published spread. \n\nThen, balance in betting volume affects the spread. Let's say the bookie publishes Team A -7 as the spread, then his first ten players place bets as follows: 8 for Team A -7 and 2 for Team B +7. This may be a signal that he needs to balance the action by moving the spread to entice more bets on team B. So he may, starting with the 11th bet, proclaim the spread to now be Team A -8 and Team B +8. He \"gives\" more points to bettors playing Team B. This should, in theory, cause bets 11-20 to be closer to 50-50% in favor of both teams, which he wants. He wants all winners to be paid with the proceeds of all losers and to pocket his commission or juice. If the bets come in imbalanced at, say, 80% Team A and 20% Team B, and Team A wins, he will have to go out of pocket to pay his winners. He wants to avoid that.",
"\"Is it something you could do at your local bar without getting into too much trouble?\"\n\nIt is illegal in all states, and if you do it over the phone or Internet it could be a federal offense also. It is highly unlikely that you would actually be charged unless you had a large-scale operation, but the illegality does present other problems - courts won't enforce a gambling debt to a bookie, for example, or someone pissed off at you could threaten to rat you out.\n\nThe main way you make money is that people usually have to bet $11 for every $10 that they win. So if you get one $110 bet on Green Bay -7.5, and one $110 bet on New Orleans +7.5, then no matter who wins that game and by how much, you collect $110 from the loser, pay the winner $100, and pocket the other $10 from the loser. That's your profit. If you can balance the action on both sides, then you have a risk-free profit, but if you don't get balanced action, then you are taking a big risk. If you get $1100 bet on Green Bay and only $110 bet on New Orleans, then you are out $890 if Green Bay wins by 8 or more.\n\nAlso, by being the bookie, you are allowing your bettors to decide which games to bet on. If one game has a line that is clearly wrong, all of your bettors will hit that game, and you can lose a lot of money that way.\n\nAnd now people can bet sports online fairly safely, so why would they deal with a bookie in a bar? Unless I know you personally, how do I know that you are actually going to pay out?\n\nIf you're interested in betting sports, you would probably make money a lot more easily by just betting them yourself than by trying to be a bookie."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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] |
|
7n9glm
|
what's the difference between controlling the volume on the pc and controlling the volume on its speakers?
|
Is there a difference if I have the volume set at 1 on the audio source (PC) and at 100 on the audio output device (in this case, the speakers), and vice versa?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7n9glm/eli5_whats_the_difference_between_controlling_the/
|
{
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"The difference is the signal to noise ratio you end up with. Keeping the PC volume low and then cranking up the speaker is like recording someone speaking softly outside and then amplifying it: all the background noise gets amplified too. Keeping the PC volume high and turning down the speaker is like recording someone speaking loudly, and playing it back quieter: their voice was loud compared to the background, so it sounds better.\n\nYou can't straight up max out the PC output because it's designed to be able to power headphones and small speakers on its own, so it can be turned up \"too high\" and cause distortion. You want to turn it up as high as you can without getting distortion on loud sounds, and then adjust your speakers to taste.\n\nThis sort of volume control is really important in areas like... oh, electric guitars, where the sound is overdriven, and distortion is often desired. Loud amp, quiet guitar vs loud guitar, quiet amp makes very different sounds.",
"In general, for consumer-grade audio, volume controls should be set somewhere close to the middle. When volume controls are set to 10/10, distortion due to amplifier circuit overdrive is common. For more volume, get a bigger final power amplifier and bigger speakers to match. You can (and some people do, i.e. for system testing) drive a concert-sized audio system from a PC source."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
5bce34
|
how do fuses randomly go to off at home?
|
I was wondering how fuses randomly go to off at home. Something happened this morning where I heard a pop, and smelled something acrid, and as I was fixing the issue, I was wondering how the fuses go to the "off" position because there was a lot of physical resistance.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5bce34/eli5_how_do_fuses_randomly_go_to_off_at_home/
|
{
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"text": [
"Do you mean how does it break the circuit? \n\nInside it has an electromagnetic down the bottom (off position) of the switch, and when too much current/electricity flows through the circuit breaker the magnet gets stronger and pulls the switch to the off position. \n\nThere are also ones made with bimetallic strips. These are 2 bits of different metal stuck on top of each other. These different metals bend at different amounts and the strip curves/bends and breaks the contact. \n\nThe last part is a guess but I assume the make it hard to turn on and off so that you can't accidentally turn it on. \n\nAlso, circuit breakers don't randomly go off. They go off for when something inside is drawing too much current/electricity. Eg. A faulty motor, short circuit, etc. \n\nCircuit breakers are not to be confused with safety switches either. Safety switches are much quicker at turning off the power than circuit breakers so you should also have one of these installed in your powerbox too.\nThese work by having a coil of wire that the electricity goes through before going inside your house, and it returns back through the middle of that coil. When electricity is running in a normal circuit it will have the same amount of electricity in the coil and back through it. When there is a short circuit then the power that comes back through the coil will be lower and the safety switch detects this difference in power and shuts off. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
80d02x
|
how did they figure out mount everest was the tallest mountain on the planet?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/80d02x/eli5_how_did_they_figure_out_mount_everest_was/
|
{
"a_id": [
"duumleo"
],
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35
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"text": [
"In 1852, an Indian mathematician used some trigonometry to calculate its rough height, which was later confirmed by some Brits (Great Trigonometric Survey) who were surveying all of the highest mountains that had been reported at the time. It wasn't until 1955 that more accurate surveys were done using thedolites, and it wasn't until 1975 that the Chinese confirmed the newer surveying report. \n\nIn 2005, some American guy anchored a GPS unit to the highest bedrock, which gives pretty accurate information regarding the measurements and shift due to plate tectonics. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2ktz54
|
why is requesting i.d. to vote considered racist?
|
in the U.S. and also consider that we need an I.D. for almost every part of life (welfare, food stamps, WIC, etc). Please keep in mind my question of: why is it racist? I don't care about how many (or lack of) cases of voter fraud exist.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ktz54/eli5_why_is_requesting_id_to_vote_considered/
|
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"text": [
"I don't think the argument is that voter ID laws are racist, but it is a fact that such laws are disenfranchising to the poor who are less able to acquire valid IDs.\n\nStatistically, poor people tend to be black or hispanic. Such laws are indirectly disenfranchising to minorities.",
"It's not directly racist. It's definitely classist, though, and a disproportionate number of the poor are minorities.",
"It's mostly that they require specific ID... usually a license or state-issued ID. For a lot of parts of Welfare/food stamps this isn't actually required, you just need a social security card/number.\n\nThe trick is that getting a license or photo ID usually has a cost, both in terms of time (going to a specific place, usually waiting an hour or two) and money (common license fees are around $20)\n\nThis means you effectively need to pay money to vote... which it should be obvious makes it much harder for poorer people to vote. Demographically many minorities are poorer, this contrast is especially stark in some regions. So it's essentially financial discrimination, but effectively it's stopping more Blacks and Hispanics from voting than non-Hispanic Caucasians... hence being considered racist.\n",
"They're lumped in with things like the [literacy tests](_URL_2_) and [poll taxes](_URL_1_) of the [Jim Crow](_URL_0_) era.\n\nThe laws are seen as racist not because they explicitly target minorities but because they disproportionately affect minorities and serve no other valid purpose.\n\nYou can't say \" I don't care about how many (or lack of) cases of voter fraud exist.\" and pretend it's not a key part of the issue. If voter fraud was a rampant problem, it would justify passing laws to crack down on it. When it's not an issue, the result is no significant change in fraud but a significant disenfranchisement of voters. Regardless of who that segment of the population is, any laws that exist to disenfranchise any segment of the population without reason is an insult to democracy."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_tax_(United_States\\)",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_test"
]
] |
|
938mtn
|
when watching tv with subtitles, explain why our minds always (seemingly) choose to read text rather than just watch and hear audio?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/938mtn/eli5_when_watching_tv_with_subtitles_explain_why/
|
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"text": [
"Assuming the subtitling is done correctly, it will be in high contrast to the surrounding environment. After all, they are meant for people who either can not hear or can not understand the dialogue.\n\nThat high contrast is eye-catching, and help direct the viewer to read them, so they can follow the story just like anyone else.\n\nThis can cause a disconnect when the written dialogue is changed from what is being said aloud, which is why most people that don't need them turn them off.",
"It's because our brains don't choose. Reading isn't something you have a choice to do or not.\n\nThings that we learn to do are largely unconscious and out of our direct control. Like, we can't choose how to run, our brains just move our legs in the way they've learned to. And once you've learned to read you can't help but understand words when you see them. Learning literally rewires your brain so it just it whenever it sees the right kind of patterns.\n\nSo to not read subtitles you have to actively try and keep from looking at the part of the screen with the words on it. Which is actually harder than it sounds because [our eyes are jumping around all the time and we don't realize it](_URL_0_). So you have to actively fight two natural habits to avoid reading, which is a lot of work, especially to do it constantly through an entire show or movie.",
"There is something called the Stroop effect that very neatly shows tha reading takes precedence.\n\n[Here](_URL_0_) is a link to a little experiment you can do. All you have to do is identify colors in all the samples you are given. There are 2 conditions. Time yourself to see how long it takes\n\nHave fun!",
"I only use them for times when I cannot understand the spoken dialogue. Brits are sometimes hard to understand depending on their dialect, and they use words which I do not recognize. Sometimes the music drowns out the dialogue. Some directors like to let everyone speak over each other (Suck it, Altman!).",
"I would assume it's because there are often things we miss or don't quite catch, so even people who are not hard of hearing look at he subtitles. Volume goes up and down in shows and movies so that also helps. \n\nI was born deaf and had a surgery to hear later. I'm still hard of hearing so I have preferred subtitles my whole life unless I'm in something like IMAX with major sound. Even wearing headphones I prefer not cranking up the volume, so... Thankfully, every girlfriend I've had, preferred the subtitles on and my family has never been bothered by it. ",
"When I'm reading subtitles, I'm not actually consciously reading. When I think about it, I see the words, but what's actually happening is that I'm hearing the words in my head in the voice of the person speaking...I don't know if that even makes sense. ",
"The sound that comes to your ears is noisy, meaning that there are a lot of other sounds that you don't want to hear that confuse the message. Your brain has to decode what is the message and what is just noise. This is bad because it takes a lot of mental power to pick out the words from the noise and from a bunch of other confounding factors such as a person's accent, the volume, the quality of the speakers, the audio quality of the recording. In contrast, humans can recognize text nearly effortlessly, without any confusion and hence your brain may prefer to get the information from text, simply from an efficiency point of view. \n\ntl;dr? Your brain and visual system is inherently suited for decoding and understanding great amounts of information whereas your auditory system is slower and less effective. ",
"I always thought that our eyes/brain are programmed to notice moving objects (for hunting, self preservation etc). Subtitles are very prominent on the screen and constantly move, drawing our attention.\n\nIt seems it's related to how reading (pattern recognition) takes precedent in our brains though over other kinds of visuals\n\nYou can train yourself to see the \"bigger picture\" though after a while\n\nEdit: upon further reading below, it's actually a combination of those things.",
"Try is watching foreign movies where the subtitles in English are based on the translation of the original dialog, but it has also been dubbed into English. Then the dialog does not match the subtitles. (I first noticed this watching the Brazilian show 3%). At first, it was very distracting and my wife and I had to rewind a few times to figure out what was being said. After watching a few episodes we were fairly easily able to decide which translation we thought matched the best.\n\nClearly, our brains can listen and read at the same time.",
"For me it's because the text comes before the actual dialogue. Why wait to hear what they say when you can read it first?",
"I'm Deaf and been watching TV and movies with captionings and subtitles since I was 7 (41 now). I watch the whole screen as one, I can follow what's happening onscreen and read text at same time. \n\nIn fact when the formatting of those texts are off, it throws me off and it becomes more of a chore to follow the text which is annoying AF.\n\nThis is also why I abhor those captioning devices some of you may have noticed at some movie theaters. Either that thing you put in a cup holder with a transparent panel which displays text or those stupid glasses. With those formatting are different and I have to actively work in order to watch the movie which defeats the whole purpose of going to a movie theater. \n\nMaybe some of you will complain less about onscreen captionings mmm?",
"Our brains are wired, not trained, to detect disruptions within our field of vision, more than any other sense. Motion is a great example. A flash of color is another. Humans are so reliant on vision over every other sense that the brain will trust vision before sound or smell or touch or taste. So much so that when vision doesn't match up with sound, for example, our brains will change the sound we hear. It refuses to accept that our vision could be at fault, so it must be the sound.\n\nSo when disruption occurs -- a brake light, a blinking traffic light, a jumping animal, a subtitle popping up on screen -- our brains are wired to notice it, recognize an alteration in the accepted scene, or pattern of normal, that is in front of us.\n\nThis is a great survival mechanism. Can't run from an animal if we don't see it running toward us. Why predators and prey have camouflage. Why predators stalk. Why prey goes still.\n\nNow, why you HAVE to read it is due to conditioning. You're trained to read. But here's the thing: you can train yourself to ignore subtitles. The more inundated with them (by constantly watching movies with subtitles) you are, the more your mind will accept them as part of the scene; especially if they're written in your language. This is cognitive blindness at work. Your brain starts to integrate those distractions as normal, or unnecessary things to pay attention to. They're part of the scene, easy to ignore, easy to miss. But due to the randomness of timing between subtitles, you'd have to watch A LOT of movies, often, to do this...\n\nOr just learn to concentrate better.",
"Your eyes take a glimpse at the scene and get a mental picture of what is happening. So right there you have the visual image of the scene locked in your mind. Next is auditory information/conversation. While your ears are absorbing what’s going on (paired with your already absorbed mental image), all thats left is to follow along with the conversation. And as I’ve said, your eyes have already seen what’s going on (perhaps two people talking). It then chooses to follow along with the audio by reading the words.",
"In third grade my teacher told us that everyone who learns to read becomes a word addict, and must read every word we can see. ",
"I read subs because I mis-hear words and stuff but it only takes me a fraction of a second to read the line on the screen usually.\n\nI love subtitles. I’m only English speaking and most films are in English itsnjudt nice to get the whole movie. There have been times where I’ve misread an entire situation in a movie because I misunderstood what was said",
"Posters have said the Stroop effect... and it seems somewhat valid but incomplete. Perhaps its a combination of things.\n\nPeople arent haphazardly reading while looking at the actors. Their sight moves to the words and they read them there. Its more about being hard not to look than recognizing the words implicitly. \n\nContrasting imagery could be part of the puzzle. You have one thing your mind is focusing on but there is this other inconsistent but bright thing going on at the bottom of the screen. Changing the space it takes up on a screen, the length of time its on the screen. \n\nWe pick out the faucet dripping because its not always regular. We pay attention to the squeaky wheel and the things that stand out from our the white noise or that interrupt our focus. \n\nHow to test this? Would a good test be to track eye movements on mixed language roman-character subtitles? Does the eye eventually \"block out\" the subtitles of the language it isnt paying attention to and then get pulled into focus on words the user understands? \n",
"In Denmark most people grow up with subtitled media. In most cases only cartoons are dubbed over, if something is for an age group that can read it is subtitled.\n\nIt is actually kinda frustrating going to the cinema as an adult, because since everything is texted, I have to force myself to not read the the subtitles. You can easily miss subtleties in the dialogue, because translators are forced to come up with awkward danish facsimilies of slang and wordplays.",
"We are vision orientated animals and in most cases will choose visual ways of obtaining information over audible ways ",
"“ELI5: When watching TV with subtitles, explain why our minds always (seemingly) choose to read text rather than just watch and hear audio? Might it be because experience demonstrates, that the former is a more reliable means of communication than the latter?",
"I don't think this is primarily to do with reading taking precedence. I think it's a combination of a few things.\n\nFirst of all, subtitles are objects that are foreign to the scene you're watching, and which suddenly appear and disappear. They often have pretty high contrast too to make them readable. So, they draw attention. You, or some part of your brain that is hard to suppress, want(s) to know what is this stuff that just flashed on the bottom of the screen. This would happen regardless of whether it was text that was being shown, or meaningless shapes. But in the case of text, once you look at it, it's basically impossible not to read it.\n\nSecond, you are curious about the story that is unfolding. The subtitles tell you what characters are going to say before they are going to say it. Obviously the reason why this effect annoys you and why you're asking this question is that you'd prefer not to know, because subtitles can spoil things that are about to happen (e.g. the punchline to a joke, or an unexpected revelation). But some part of you cannot help but want to \"peek\". \n\nFinally, your brain is lazy. It can be hard to parse what the people on the screen are saying in the moment. There may be background noise in the video, or around you, or maybe the characters speak with unfamiliar accents. So it's a lot easier to just look at the text, so you don't have to do as much work to interpret the sounds. \n\nSo in short, there are a lot of factors that are pushing you to look at the subtitles, which makes them hard to ignore. Once you look at them, it's impossible not to read the text, and that is the reading precedence effect that has been mentioned, but that doesn't explain why you look at them in the first place.",
"for me personally i use subtitles as im a fast reader and follow the plot better that way, although it can spoil some moments.",
"I'm confused. When watching things subtitled, I've never 'read the text' like a book where you read line by line. You watch the film, and the text is just another part of the image the brain processes. If you focused directly on the text you'd be missing too much content.",
"I started playing video games with subtitles on because I have 2 tvs in the living room and my wife is usually watching something on the other tv. At first it was super annoying as I couldnt help but read the text, kind of like how once you think about breathing you are now in charge of breathing. But its been 5 years since I started doing this and now I have trained my brain to not sit and only read subtitles but to absorb them subconsciously while I listen to the dialog. It is a nice help to have the subtitles for times when I miss what someone is saying but my brain no longer targets them first. I used to have to turn them off if I was playing without the other tv on, now I turn them on in every game.",
"IHMO: The part of the brain that reads text is highjacked from the one that recognizes faces because we don't have a hardwired \"reading circuit\". Recognizing faces and categorizing them into friend or foe has a high priority and doing that fast is an evolutionary advantage. Because reading \"abuses\" that circuitry, it has the same priority.\n\nSee also: _URL_0_ (German)",
"To add to what has been explained, from graphics design POV - the subtitles are what has the most contrast on the screen(they're specifically made that way to be readable) - and our attention goes first to the point with the most contrast ",
"And why do we turn the volume up when we can't hear the words that we can't possibly understand? Blocking the subtitles in the process. Yet we continually do it, like idiots. ",
"I started turning the captions on when my baby was sleeping so I wouldn’t have to turn the volume up and risk waking him. I got used to having them on and (4 yrs later) I often find myself reading them even when the volume is up. My son started reading when he was 3 and at age 4.5 he’s now reading on a 1st-2nd grade level. I can’t help but wonder if the captions helped him learn while he was watching kid shows!",
"I've started watching alot more anime recently with my wife and I used to hate when she'd leave them on for non anime shows. Shes so used to it it's natural for her but always used to bother me. \n\nAlthough I haven't told her yet.. I've started leaving the subtitles on for regular English shows and movies.. ",
"Lots here already, but I believe it's because both understanding through heard speech and through written words are both automatised processes in the brain, but the latter is done much faster. Your brain processes the subs much more quickly than the actor says the line. ",
"In the Jamaican movie \"The Harder They Come\" the accent is so thick that you need the subtitles to understand.\n\nAbout twenty minutes into the movie, the subs disappear because all you need is the first 20 minutes to fully get the accent.\n\nWas brilliant.",
"Adding to the stroop effect- a video has constant and gradual shifts (mostly) whereas subtitles come up and quickly change when the next dialogue takes place. Our eyes go to the sudden stimuli rather than something we can predict will happen on screen video."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccade"
],
[
"https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/words.html"
],
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[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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[],
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"https://youtu.be/pHOIdOG9oJM"
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[],
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[]
] |
||
d8xyow
|
at home astronomy photography - galaxies
|
How exactly does one take a picture of a distant galaxy or celestial object at home? Wouldn't the exposure have to be SUPER long to see far off light? Are all the photos doctored in some way - or do they come out that clear? I'm just so curious.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d8xyow/eli5_at_home_astronomy_photography_galaxies/
|
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"Galaxies are very big and some are fairly bright...the Andromeda Galaxy is visible with the naked eye, despite being 2 million light-years away, while nearby objects in the asteroid belt require a telescope. It isn't all about the distance.\n\nWith a tracking mount, a decent telescope, a dark sky, and an exposure of about an hour, amateurs can get high-quality photographs of galaxies. As for \"doctoring\", in this age of digital photography, it is not unusual to apply filters and adjust contrast to make photos look even better. With exposures, it is possible to take multiple short exposures then digitally stack them. But even without that sort of thing, you can get good pictures.",
"a lot of those images, if not all, are composites. so a single galaxy pic you see anywhere is like multiple images of that single spot in space placed on top of each other. they do that to be able to create those clear images because otherwise, all space pics would be horrible quality. \n\nthis i’m not 100% sure of but i think the images also have to go through color correction processes, which would require technology that’s prob out of reach for everyday people. there are only 0.04 stars per cubic lightyear of space, if that helps you imagine just how expansive space is, and just how powerful space agency telescopes are.",
"You use telescope lens.\n\nNow, you might think that a telescope just enlarges the picture, but that is not the only thing it does. If you just wanted to do that, you would not need the large mirrors that telescopes usually have. You could cut away most of the mirror of a telescope, and what is left still magnifies the picture by the same amount.\n\nWhat the size of the mirror actually does is to collect more light. If you look at the camera of your phone, you will realize its only a few millimeters in diameter. Only the photons that reach this tiny spot will actually create the picture. If you can funnel a lot more photons into it - which is what the large size of a telescope mirror does - you get a picture that is MUCH brighter.\n\nNow, in addition to that, many hobby astronomers do actually use long exposure times. They often use a special tripod that slowly rotates the camera in order to cancel out Earths rotation. That would, in principle, allow for absurdly long exposure times.\n\nThese two factors multiply each other: A large area for collecting photons plus lots of time for collecting even more photons means that the result is absolutely not comparable to someone snapping a picture of a sky with his handheld camera."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
8dz23y
|
why are basic life saving medications like antibiotics put behind a paywall of having to see a doctor using insurance?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8dz23y/eli5_why_are_basic_life_saving_medications_like/
|
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"Medicines that require a prescription require a doctor, because they are dangerous if used incorrectly. So the authorities insist that you can't have them unless a professional decides they are right for you and tells you when and how to use them.\n\nFor example, misuse of antibiotics can lead to much worse infections by resistant bacteria.",
"The misuse of antibiotics is already causing issues with drug resistant strains due to improper use. Allowing them to be purchased over the counter would exacerbate that problem, especially if people are buying them for viral illnesses (like the flu).",
"**Person with minor graze**: *goes to webMD* \n**WebMD**: you have late stage terminal cancer, a botfly larva infestation, gout and you're pregnant."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
377627
|
why is it so many people and websites are so determined to get a ton of likes on facebook?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/377627/eli5_why_is_it_so_many_people_and_websites_are_so/
|
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"Facebook has a set of algorithms that determine how information gets passed along.\n\nIf you are subscribed to a page or group, and that page or group posts something, or if a friend shares that something, then you are eligible to have that something show up in your feed.\n\nHowever, in the \"Top Stories\" mode (now the default), not everything gets posted to you. Instead the posts only get sent out to a fraction of the eligible recipients, to \"test\" them. If the recipients \"engage\" by leaving comments, liking or sharing, then the post will hit a larger fraction of the eligible recipients, until everyone has seen it.\n\nThe goal is to filter out less relevant content and highlight better content (much like Reddit's upvote/downvote system).\n\nThere is also a small \"rollover effect\" built in. If a page consistently has popular posts, then new posts will start with a bonus to their visibility.\n\nAll this means that if you're trying to reach out and be visible on Facebook, it is imperative that your followers and subscribers engage frequently with your posts."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3309t3
|
at what point does a sex scene in a tv show or movie differentiate from being pornography?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3309t3/eli5_at_what_point_does_a_sex_scene_in_a_tv_show/
|
{
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"Pornography is sexually explicit that is produced, displayed or shared with sexual intent.\n\nHaving a picture of your son running around without a diaper on when he's a year old isn't child porn. Unless it was found with various other pictures that indicated it was being used for sexual reasons.\n\nThe same goes with TV and movies."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
560v7w
|
putting 101 before explanations of things
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/560v7w/eli5_putting_101_before_explanations_of_things/
|
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"Many colleges and universities in the US have a system of numbering their classes. The first digit is what year the class is aimed at, 1 being Freshman in their first year at college. (2 for Sophomores, 3 for Juniors, 4 for Seniors, 5 for Graduate Students...) Then the next digits tell the specific sort of class it is. In general, a 101 class is meant to be the first class a college student takes, an introduction to the topic.\n\nFor instance, you might take \"Introduction to Psychology\" - Psych 101, and then later that year take \"Abnormal Psychology\" - Psych 115, then next year take \"Early Childhood Psychology\" - Psych 205. \n\nSo many people use 101 to make it clear that they are making an introduction for people new to the concept, as 101 classes in colleges tend to be.",
"In the US, college courses tend to be numbered with three-digit numbers. All classes in the 100 range are for freshmen, the 200 range for sophomores, etc.\n\nSo \"101\" ended up being the very first, introductory class for a specific topic, appropriate for incoming freshmen. Thus \"X 101\" came to be understood to mean \"a basic introduction to X\".",
"College courses typically have 3-digit numbers to indicate the level and other aspects of the class. 101 would be a common intro/freshman course for a particular subject. For example, Sociology 101 would be the most basic, intro level Sociology course within the curriculum -- probably entitled something like \"Introduction to Sociology\", and the one students would most likely take if they only take one sociology course, say to check out the subject or to fulfill a distribution requirement. Something like Sociology 360 might be labeled something more detailed like Quantitative Research of Primative Tribes and targeted to higher level students deep into the major.\n\nSo by applying the 101 after a topic has become common in general, non, it implies it's an intro survey on the topic, ie. the TV show Dogs 101 is a basic intro to dogs/breeds and their traits.",
"Universities have a numbering system that indicates when you are suppose to take a course 100 block is for freshman courses, -01 is the introductory course within that block. So in common parlance 101 is an idiom that means it is basic introductory information. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
4890bg
|
12 years ago an it guy tried to overclock the cpu on my pc to install a new graphics card. what does overclocking have to do with whether this graphics card would work or not?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4890bg/eli5_12_years_ago_an_it_guy_tried_to_overclock/
|
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"I dont know if anything changed, but the power of the graphics card has absolutely nothing to do with that of the CPU.\n\nThe CPU however can be a \"bottleneck\" in that the full power of the graphics card cant be used since the cpu is the limiting factor.",
"Sounds to me like nice IT guy didn't want to sell you a card that you could not take advantage of due to the CPU holding it back.\n\nPowerful in this cause should be due to throttling. Probably thought it was easier to not install it for you then for your dad to come back and say your graphics card did nothing for our rig.",
"You have waited a really long time to address this mystery so I will concur with the answers here so that you may finally be at peace.",
"To run a graphics card you only need the right port on your motherboard, and enough power from your power supply.\n\nHe probably just didn't think it would be worth your money to have a weak CPU with a new graphics card. But it definitely would have worked regardless.",
"The card may have worked (if your motherboard supported it) but the cpu could have been a bottle neck which is probably what he was concerned with. Basically the gpu and the cpu are linked in a way because the cpu controls / gives commands the gpu. Thing is if the gpu is fast enough then the cpu won't be able to keep it busy with work and the gpu will actually end up waiting around for the cpu to give it new commands. That waiting means you aren't getting the full power of the gpu and you are \"bottle necked\" by the cpu because it's preventing you from getting better performance. So using a really powerful graphics card with a weak cpu can be a waste."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2kkq57
|
why is road kill most always off to the side of the road when it usually is hit within the middle of the road?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2kkq57/eli5_why_is_road_kill_most_always_off_to_the_side/
|
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"Typically the animal is hit with the front/ side of the vehicle. Where it is knocked back to the side of the road. \n\nIf hit dead on 99% of the time somone will drag the animal to the side of the road so it isnt a danger to others. ",
"The smaller animals that tend to get completely squished and killed instantly, at least in my own experience, tend to stay right where they are. Eventually they turn into a grease spot from being constantly run over, or if in the foothills a coyote/cougar/carrion bird drags them off. \n\nThe bigger animals, though, and this is a gruesome thought, I think they try to drag themselves away sometimes, but usually they get hung up in the vehicle and don't really come loose until the driver pulls over. \n\nI once followed a giant streak of blood in the middle lane, like somebody spilled a can of red paint, all the way to half a deer on the side of the freeway. I don't know what happened to the other half of the deer. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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] |
||
4fvjy4
|
why do companies from industries such as aerospace or automotive seem to be in a constant state of merging with each other? what is happening 'big picture' when this occurs and how does it benefit he industry?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4fvjy4/eli5_why_do_companies_from_industries_such_as/
|
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"b/c those are both two industries with extremely large overhead costs. if you can't sell enough to make it back you go bankrupt. \n\nwhen you merge, you pool your resources. \n\nimagine this. \n\nyou rent an apt by yourself. you pay $1000/mo for a 1bdrm. you rent an apt with 2 people, you pay $1200/mo for a 2 bdrm. you each pay $600. etc etc. \n\nthis benefits the industry b/c the small companies don't go bankrupt. they merge with a larger company. otherwise, whoever is left standing at the end of the day is going to have a monopoly."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
5md6i6
|
if you do a remix of a song and want to sell your remixes or become famous with them, do you have to but copyright rights from the main singer of that song before you remix it? or simply because it is remixed and has changed beats it is not considered a copyright issue anymore?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5md6i6/eli5_if_you_do_a_remix_of_a_song_and_want_to_sell/
|
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"It is absolutely a copyright issue.\n\nGenerally people don't \"buy the copyright rights\", but they do have to pay the existing owners. They don't pay upfront for the right to do whatever they want with the material; generally the original owners maintain all rights but they make a contractual arrangement giving the remixer license to do the remix in exchange for a set % of the income earned by the remix. \n\nThat's the theory, and if everybody is playing totally by the book the lawyers will sort this all out in advance, before the remixer is even given the separate audio tracks to play with -- but of course the music scene isnt really like that so you do encounter 'dj wannabe' people with remixes of questionable legality.\n\nThing is you don't necessarily need the separate tracks from the record company to do a remix, you can creatively sample and loop the entire track, you can get hold of acapellas in various ways, so people make bootlegs this way. \n\nHistorically this was a very popular tool for DJs seeking some exclusive weapons in their box, and starting the progression to becoming a DJ/producer. So it happened a lot. What's the copyright owner going to do? Probably nothing - it's just one bloke playing it on a local scale, they're not even going to know it's happening and if they do find out it's not worth the lawyers' time for the miniscule amount of money that DJ might have _hypothetically_ made with it (given that he's not even profiting from it directly, just arguably by getting more bookings, but it's tenuous).\n\nBut, sometimes these bootlegs got big enough within the scene for someone to even press up a bunch of white label 12 inches, maybe a few hundred, maybe even into thousands. Now they're literally selling the product, systematically profitting off the song you own, surely at that point they get involved?\n\nWell yes and no. Certainly in the 90s, if 200 anonymously released records are sold in a handful of underground specialist shops in England, is some Sony/BMG/etc exec in the states who owns the Madonna acapella really going to try and track down and prosecute this internationally? It's still only pocket change $1000(s) at stake.\n\nPlus, these remixes are good for them. If you track is all over the clubs it boosts credibility and likely helps sales of the original single/album it came from and/or that artist's future releases. So they were often tolerated at a small scale. I mean, sometimes the acapellas getting hammered by remix bootleggers were released on the flipside of the original singles, it's pretty obvious the labels knew what was going to happen.\n\nOf course there is always a limit to their tolerance to unlicensed parties profitting off their material, but historically if a bootleg starts getting _that_ big the owners will still not shut it down, but rather take it over and run with it. As the remixer now has no legal leg to stand on, the owner can after all force a very generous arrangement with them making most of the money. And the remixer might still make more money, because 5% of < major release backed up with radio airplay > pays better than 50% of < small release sold from the back of your mate dave's van > . They certainly get more exposure and hopeful future (legal) remix work in future. So everyone is happy. Most of the time.\n\ntl;dr\n\nThe remixer has to pay the original owners (artist and/or label, publisher etc), but it's commonplace for people to remix \"illegally\", which the owners tolerate / tacitly encourage at low scales and cash-in on after the fact where appropriate."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
14h4wl
|
if girl scout cookies were created as a fundraising tool why are they only sold in a really small window of time each year?
|
I can't imagine anyone would all of the sudden grow tired of Thin Mints any quicker than they have Oreos and those are around year-round. Wouldn't this raise a crazy amount of money for the organization to use to do all kinds of great things? What's the economic or other reason behind why they'd do this?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/14h4wl/eli5_if_girl_scout_cookies_were_created_as_a/
|
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"If its only available in short supply/period of time, you get to jack up the price, making it very cost effective.",
"also not all girls scouts sell at the same time to handle production they shift the selling period for each region _URL_0_ ",
"Farts (Forced ARTificial Scarcity), if they make their product seem rare more people will want it when it is available. See the diamond industry for a larger scale example."
]
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|
[] |
[] |
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[],
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"http://www.girlscouts.org/program/gs_cookies/cookies_soon.asp"
],
[]
] |
|
2tshzy
|
what the european weather model is, and why it is so much more accurate than the "american" models.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2tshzy/eli5_what_the_european_weather_model_is_and_why/
|
{
"a_id": [
"co1xhf7",
"co20m37"
],
"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"[This NYT Article](_URL_0_) has some good ELI5 explainations in it:\n\n > Europeans apply something called 4-D Data Assimilation; where as our models use a slightly les- sophisticated, but still effective methodologies. I am going to oversimply so don’t hold me to precision here. I am being illustrative. 4-D assimilation basically allows the weather model to be updated/nudged with accurate space-time information as new satellite and other input data is available. It is akin to placing a beach ball in a river and predicting where the ball will be in a few days, except you are constantly updating your prediction with new information on speed of the river flow, its curves, depth, etc. Less precise methods, would simply take the initial condition of the river, make a prediction and then hope.\n\nAdditionally there seems to be a bit of a super-computer gap between what they have in Europe and what NOAA has.",
"The ECMWF (European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) is known as the European weather model, or Euro for short. The Euro does an exceptional job forecasting large scale mid-latitude cyclones (like nor'easters) during the winter months. It handles the cold air situations more accurately than any other model. \nFor example, the GFS (Global Forecasting System) always seems to have a cold air bias, consistently forecasting mid-latitude cyclones farther southeast and more cold than what actually verifies.\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/01/26/blizzard-questions-including-why-a-european-weather-model-excels-at-u-s-forecasts/?_r=0"
],
[]
] |
||
1ho6uz
|
we have two sports cars. they perform nearly equally. both produce the same horsepower. one is a v8. one is a v10. why use a larger (and theoretically more complex) engine when similar results can be had using fewer materials?
|
I've left this pretty generic, but I can provide specific vehicles if necessary to answer the question.
*Is there going to be a fundamental difference in complexity between a V8 and V10 that perform similarly?
*What would the difference in cost likely be? In other words, would one be cheaper to produce?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ho6uz/eli5_we_have_two_sports_cars_they_perform_nearly/
|
{
"a_id": [
"caw7lf2",
"caw7s0t",
"caw7vjp"
],
"score": [
5,
8,
3
],
"text": [
"Because there's no replacement for displacement. It's easier to get more power out of more combustible material, and it's less difficult to deal with the heat and other byproducts with smaller combustion chambers than with bigger ones. A V8 with a similar displacement to a V10 will have higher heat, more stresses on the rotational components, and will generally suffer more stress over it's service lifetime than the V10. Moreso if you're adding things like turbo- or super-chargers to help make up the lack of displacement.",
"In addition to what cheez0r said the V10 will run somewhat more smoothly because the cylinder firings are more frequent (closer in time). ",
"The V8 is not necessarily cheaper to make just because it has fewer cylinders. Getting the same amount of power from a smaller engine may actually be more expensive because in order to maximize its output, you may have to use exotic (and pricey) materials, tighter production tolerances or more technology (direct injection, variable valve timing etc.).\n\n\nWhat's more important than the number of cylinders in terms of cost is whether it's a bespoke engine, or whether the manufacturer can re-use an existing engine architecture already in use in other cars.\n\n\nBesides, when talking about performance cars, the decision to go with a certain type of engine doesn't just come down to power output and cost. A manufacturer may very well choose a certain engine type for its character. Mercedes for example has 3 different engines with 500-something horsepower in their line-up: a turbo V12 that's very smooth and quiet and doesn't rev very high, a turbo V8 that's a bit racier and a high-revving, naturally-aspirated V8 that will scare children and set off car alarms. Big luxury cars get the relaxed V12, and lighter, sportier cars get the hooligan V8."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
2b67pv
|
what would happen if the us currency crashed tomorrow.
|
How would we purchase items? What would happen with people's investments or homes? Could we recover?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2b67pv/eli5_what_would_happen_if_the_us_currency_crashed/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cj293no"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"If it happened rapidly, it could cause global financial catastrophe. The dollar is the reserve currency for the most of the world, ensuring the stability of nearly every currency and economy. If the dollar collapsed rapidly, global currencies would, too, causing all sorts of ill effects, from uncontrolled inflation to bank runs to worse. \n\nSee here _URL_0_\n\nAnd here _URL_1_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.samuelbrittan.co.uk/text254_p.html",
"http://ftmdaily.com/currency-wars/7-economic-consequences-of-a-dollar-collapse/"
]
] |
|
8g6k8s
|
why is weather so unpredictable?
|
What are the factors that make it so random?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8g6k8s/eli5_why_is_weather_so_unpredictable/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dy99efa",
"dy99zna",
"dy9kc6p"
],
"score": [
7,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Imagine you drop a plate to the floor and it break in so many parts. It is almost impossible to predict how all the parts will spread out on the floor or how will they break before they do so. \n\nThe weather is similar to the parts of plates on the floor, although we know how it works, there are so many variables and possibilities that it becomes hard to predict. Even if there are some patterns, and we have very good computers calculating it, we can't have much certain for predictions for more than a week, or month. ",
"In a word: Entropy. \n\nIn more words: we're simply not advanced / sophisticated enough to be able to know all the variables that affect the weather, and be able to track them with a high degree of certainty, and so predict their interactions in a way that will allow us to forecast 100% correctly. ",
"The Earth has a very finely balanced climate. The temperatures change with the seasons, but in quite narrow ranges. Even though the Earth spins, the surface is super smooth, much smoother than a billiard ball.\n\nThe net result is very sensitive. The fronts and pressure waves that move the weather represent very small ripples, percentage-wise, in the atmosphere. Humans have developed very, very sensitive tools for measuring the temperature and humidity. \n\nA very sensitive system observed with very sensitive tools is an invitation to chaotic response. Most of what the sensor measures every day is noise, not a signal indicating a seasonal change.\n\nIt's like the stock market. Individual trades, each representing a tiny fraction of the stock in the company, are shared with all other traders. Over the course of the day, the line squiggles around all over the place. The weather is larger, with more sensors and more variables, so it's much harder than the stock market. Moreover, you only care about one stock (to further stretch the analogy). Who cares if the weather forecast in San Diego is correct if you live in New York. Getting most of the towns right most of the time still doesn't satisfy you."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
2p5ctu
|
how is it that dogs mouths are cleaner than humans, but their breath smells disgusting?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2p5ctu/eli5_how_is_it_that_dogs_mouths_are_cleaner_than/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cmtin44",
"cmtituj"
],
"score": [
3,
6
],
"text": [
"Dogs mouths are just as gross as human mouths. That dogs mouths are cleaner is just a myth.",
"Mythbusters did an episode about this. It's not that they are cleaner, their tongue just doesn't transmit as much bacteria as ours does. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
fqodtx
|
the role of salt in making ice cream?
|
There is an easy science experiment to make homemade ice-cream with your kids. In which one make icecream in 10min by puting a bag with ice-cream ingredients into a bag of ice and salt.
**Simply put what is the salt doing? Is it really necessary?**
p.s. I feel that this just a case of freezing point depression and that the resulting saline solution offers a greater surface area than ice and is colder than normal water, thus helps freezing the ice cream more quickly. However, the other side argues that the melting chemical reaction causes the saline solution to get colder.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fqodtx/eli5_the_role_of_salt_in_making_ice_cream/
|
{
"a_id": [
"flrbkra"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"You're right, it's just that the freezing point is lower, so the saline solution chills the bag more effectively because of the greater surface area."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3g24lq
|
why is so much of reddit seem to be anti-theist?
|
I honestly know only a few "anti
-theists" in person and most people just write them off as crazy even the atheists. It seems like alot of reddit seem to be anti religion when most people I meet in real life are either religious or don't really care. Alot of people also say alot of religious people are crazy but in my real life observations most religious people are not. The ones who insane are are seen as crazy by the "normal" religious people. Am I biased because of myself being a "normal" theist (going to church but not imposing my beliefs on others) or is this normal for everyone else and the people talking about every theist being dumb/insane being extreme?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3g24lq/eli5_why_is_so_much_of_reddit_seem_to_be/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ctu4yib",
"ctuhtyf"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Think of it like honey for flies. Religious leaning posts will be set upon by those with the strongest opinion. Most people read a post and go on by the \"normal\" people in your post. Only people with a strong enough opinion post on specific threads. Classic case of a Vocal Minority IMO.",
"The kind of people who dislike religion are the kind of people who will be less likely talk to you about religion (especially when you are clearly religious.)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
1e0yqt
|
why do university coaches get paid so much?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1e0yqt/eli5_why_do_university_coaches_get_paid_so_much/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c9vq3ps",
"c9vqd13",
"c9vtiv9"
],
"score": [
7,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Because teams that do well earn Universities a lot of money. If they didn't then they wouldn't pay so much.",
"In short, the coaches have goals to meet. I'm not exactly sure who sets the goals, but they could be anywhere from \"win their own conference\" or \"be ranked at a certain position by the end of the season\" and each bonus has a value set on it. If the team reaches that goal, then the coach gets paid.",
"Supply and demand. Colleges demand great coaches. There aren't that many of them, so they command very high salaries."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
fjuekg
|
how does making restaurants “carry out/ delivery only” reduce the risk of infection?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fjuekg/eli5_how_does_making_restaurants_carry_out/
|
{
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"fkp2bbj",
"fkp2pzo",
"fkp30ug",
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],
"score": [
7,
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],
"text": [
"Basically avoiding large crowds of random people hanging out in crowded spaces for some time. \n\n That's one huge way diseases like this could be casually transmitted, and the goal is to keep people away from each other when they don't need to be close to each other.",
"So, person to person transfer is why there's specific guidelines for washing your hands when you work in food service. Turn on tap. Wash hands for 45 seconds including wrists. Dry hands. Turn off tap with paper towel. Use paper towel to open restroom door etc. \n\nBut there's also the risk of contamination by non-biological means. When an object is contaminated, the object is called a fomite. The amount of time a virus can be transmitted via fomite varies. But it's generally much easier to transmit virus's and other diseases by human to human contact. Mostly because our mucus membranes and bodily fluids keep the virus alive. \n\nAs a result, significantly limiting people's contact with each other is important in preventing or slowing the spread of any virus. \n\nIn addition, the less stuff people touch, the less fomites are created to carry the virus. So the less contagious fomites there are to spread the disease to unwitting persons.\n\nIn addition to that, cashless and contactless payment also helps. And food should be cooked to industry standard meaning it's hot enough to kill off food-borne illnesses.",
"Basically you want to keep big groups from forming, because that is a very easy way to infect a lot of people. It protects the general public that is buying the food a lot more because they only have to be near the person handing off the food, and possibly a cashier. Businesses also don't have to have so many staff working so the amount of employees at risk is also lower.\n\nYes, there are probably going to be people that don't show symptoms that are infected, but that is a risk some businesses have to take in order to stay in business. Until the government decides to stop restaurants from operating they still have to make money.",
"Ostensibly, restaurant food preparation saftey procedures are always in effect as if the workers might be carrying *something* asymptomaticly. The food *should* (keyword should) be safe by the same precautions that stop us catching ecoli from an asymptomatic ecoli carrying food prepper. \n\nAlso: we have to eat. We're also going to supermarkets and buying food that's been handled by lots of other people there. Food is needed so cutting off all prepared food service all the way, right away is a bit premature. What we don't *have* to do is congregate in groups, so ending the dining-in option makes the most sense at this time, so everyone takes their food home, or gets it delivered at home, and eats only with their own household."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2mbv4d
|
why don't shipping companies use the gps already inside their trucks to give estimates on their tracking websites?
|
Every truck is already GPS tracked. And every truck computer knows the predetermined route given the list of deliveries. And each time an item is delivered, it is scanned and the system knows it's been delivered. And even if someone were to randomly find your tracking number, the destination address is not shown without verifying that you are in fact the recipient so it's not like someone could steal your delivery. If I'm number 80 on the list and the computer knows how long it takes the driver to get between each delivery ahead of me, it seems they should be able to give me at least a 1 hour window with fairly good accuracy, or even a message like "There are *12* deliveries ahead of yours on the route". Also it seems to me that the software development/implementation for this would be minuscule given the infrastructure they have all already built. I have thought about this for a long time every time I am expecting a delivery. I assume all of the shipping companies have also thought of this. What do they know that I don't that is stopping them from doing this? What catastrophic problem or crazy added cost am I overlooking?
**EDIT**: So apparently some companies do offer this kind of tracking, just not here in the States, which makes me sad. It seems so simple to me. To the points about no benefit to the companies, the way I see it, it would be a huge benefit. Not only from a marketing standpoint (to be the only company that offers the service here in the US at least while the others were playing catch up), but also from a major cost cutting standpoint. When no one is home to sign for a package, FedEx redelivers 3 times, and then ships it back to the sender, all without charging anyone. If people knew when their package was to arrive so they can be home to sign, the number of re-deliveries required across the whole company would surely plummet no? They would save massive amounts on fuel and labor.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2mbv4d/eli5why_dont_shipping_companies_use_the_gps/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cm2s4fx",
"cm2s4om"
],
"score": [
7,
3
],
"text": [
"Some of them do.\n\nHere in the UK (and the rest of Europe, I believe) DPD and a few other couriers do it.\n\nQuite early in the morning, if I'm expecting a DPD delivery, I'll get a text message that says something along the lines of \"Your consignment will be delivered between 12:51 and 13:51^*, by our driver Dave**\".\n\n^* ^Yes, ^it ^always ^has ^weirdly ^specific ^times, ^separated ^by ^an ^hour. \n^** ^They ^do ^actually ^tell ^you ^the ^name ^of ^the ^driver. ^No ^idea ^why.",
"They do. Enterprise fleet mgmt systs have been doing this for years. Interstate longdistance trucking has this down to a science, reserving maintenance checkpoint spots when truck is expected to reach delivery point and ready for a future mileage goal.\n\n\nBut there's no profit to expose this to the customer. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2nfvg7
|
why (and when) did mint become associated with holidays, mainly christmas?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2nfvg7/eli5_why_and_when_did_mint_become_associated_with/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cmd9fog",
"cmdeg89",
"cmdejlv"
],
"score": [
5,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Do you mean peppermint? ",
"First time i here of this. Usually cinnamon is associated with Christmas.",
"Mint is a hardy herb that can survive frost and even snow. I remember people keeping mint alive in Michigan winters just by clearing back the snow. I'm guessing this is connected to your answer."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
cccifr
|
why is the ranked choice voting system being adopted in more states? what are its advantages over the popular vote?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cccifr/eli5_why_is_the_ranked_choice_voting_system_being/
|
{
"a_id": [
"etlx9q6",
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],
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16
],
"text": [
"One of the downsides of a winner takes all system is that it encourages a two party system. Let's say there's 3 major candidates on the ballot for state senate - A Democrat, a Republican, and an independent. Let's say you kinda like the Democrat but not really, REALLY don't like the Republican, and you like the independent. Who are you going to vote for? Probably the Democrat, as the independent is very unlikely to win and you care more about the republican not winning than you do the democrat winning. As a result, the third party candidate loses basically every time.\n\nWith ranked choice, you can have your first choice be the independent, second choice be the democrat. This greatly increases the chance of the independent winning. And in general, it makes it easier for candidates PEOPLE LIKE to win, versus whoever's running against someone they don't like. Which arguably increases quality of representation.",
"In the current single-vote system, each person has one vote and the candidate with the most votes wins. The problem here is that voting for a non-dominant party (3rd party since the US has 2 dominant parties) makes your vote basically not count.\n\nFor example, the votes are the following:\n\n* Candidate A: 100\n* Candidate B: 105\n* Candidate C: 10\n\nIn this case, Candidate B wins. Those 10 votes for candidate C does not influence the close race between A and B. Effectively, those voter's cannot have any say in whether A or B should win. If Candidate C is popular but not enough to win, they can steal votes from people who would vote for A or B if C wasn't in the race. This is what happened in 2000 with the Green Party taking votes that would have gone more towards the Democrats.\n\nIn ranked choice, the voting would be similar but because Candidate C has the fewest first ranked votes, those votes would go to the 2nd ranked choice:\n\n* Candidate A: 100\n* Candidate B: 105\n* Candidate C: 10 (2nd choice 8 to A, 2 to B)\n\nIn the second round between A and B:\n\n* Candidate A: 108\n* Candidate B: 107\n\nNow candidate A wins because the votes for C mattered! You can express your choice for a third party and have your voice heard for the overall winner. This is a more democratic voting method since all votes matter in an election."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
8c9y56
|
who reads the onion? why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8c9y56/eli5_who_reads_the_onion_why/
|
{
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"text": [
"because it's interesting to see what kind of funny bullshit they can come up with. I just came across one the other day that showed a picture of a redacted document (had all sorts of blacked out portions of it) and the headline says FBI Just realized its been using black highlighters all these years",
"It's satire. That's why people read it. It might be fake, but it is still a funny and a form of social criticism. ",
" > Why read it if it's all bs?\n\nWhy watch a movie if it's all BS? \n\nFictional things can clearly be entertaining, or no one would watch anything but documentaries.\n\nThe Onion is a satire news source. It's intended to be comedic."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
pyuao
|
the awards (grammys, oscars, academy awards, etc), what are their origins and how important is each?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/pyuao/eli5_the_awards_grammys_oscars_academy_awards_etc/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c3thb6z"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Grammy's are for music, Oscars (alias of Academy Awards) is for movies.\n\nThey are the most presitigious awards you can recieve in your field and often pave the way for their winner's future success. If you win an award such as \"Best Actor\", you're instantly considered elite in the industry - which in turn means your payscale will increase as well. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
4kiq7u
|
why the male suicide rate is about four times that of the female.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4kiq7u/eli5_why_the_male_suicide_rate_is_about_four/
|
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"Mainly because a stereotype for males is to not let your emotions show and so they bottle it up until the point where they can't handle it and they kill themselves.",
"_URL_0_ \n\nThis clip from Q & A explains it pretty well. Basically guys are told to repress their emotions and they compound and fester.",
"I'm not sure *exactly* what you mean by suicide rate - attempts or deaths - but I do know men tend to be more 'successful' at suicide attempts. They are more likely to choose methods (like gunshots) that lead to death. ",
"The suicide attempt rate for women tends slightly higher than the rate for men, however females tend to attempt using less effective methods such as drug overdosing. \n\nOn the other hand, men tend to use more lethal techniques such as firearms, hanging, and carbon monoxide.",
"In addition to the social pressure, it's worth noting that although the rate of *successful* suicides is much higher for men, the rate of *attempted* suicides is higher for women, particularly young women. That rate drops with age, while male suicide drops after the teens but goes back up in the forties. Research indicates that women are more concerned with their appearance after they die and have a preference for methods that leave their appearance alone, like pills and wrist cutting - these methods are less likely to be successful and are easier to interrupt. Men, on the other hand, appear to have no such qualms and seek out methods like gunshots, leaping from tall places, or jumping in front of vehicles. These methods are more likely to be successful and can't be interrupted once they've started. \n\nEdit: I am not offering this explanation as the sole reason behind it, but rather another point of information worth considering as part of a whole, complex understanding. The takeaway from the discussion of the whole thread should be that we clearly do not know for sure, as there are a number of factors and by its very nature the data must be incomplete, since by definition it's difficult to compare *unreported* attempts and difficult to understand the motives, particularly since you can't ask the dead. I think the top comment is the most complete and accurate answer, and my comment should only be taken as an addendum to that comment.",
"The male suicide rate may be just as high as the female suicide rate, however, their morality rate from suicide is much higher because they use more lethal methods. Seemingly contradictory is that there is higher numbers of woman living with depression, which may seem odd due to the lower suicide rate. This situation is known as the gender paradox of suicidal behavior, which will be explained later.\n\nThis apparent paradox is explained, however, through the fact that males are more likely to commit suicide by firearms, hanging, and carbon monoxide poisoning, and are conversely less likely to be able to attempt suicide again. Females tend to rely on overdose, which is not always lethal, which is one of the reasons why females have a higher number who are depressed and also a higher number of attempted suicides as opposed to males.\n\nOne of the social elements that may also lead to this suicide may be the lack of proper social support circles for some males, who feel that they need to become a facade of strength for others, which may be unsustainable. This is just speculation, and is not true in most instances because many males and females have support of friends and family.\n\nIf you are feeling down today, please click [here.](_URL_0_)",
"Unfortunately there is no ELI5 version of this one.\n\n\nIt's a multifaceted problem that is almost impossible to deconstruct, and if someone could boil this one down to a chestnut they would guarantee themselves a spot on the NY Times bestseller list.\n\nThe closest I can get to explaining it, is remove men over a certain age who are widowed or have terminal disease, then factor by serious attempts, and it comes out from 1/6 (US numbers) \n\n\nThe \"Men are in it to win it\" myth of higher level of success often involves counting suicidal gestures, which women are much more likely to make.\n\n\nIn older men, especially widowers, it's pretty easy to nail down. Men have less of a support system anyway, and as they get older they narrow down far more, and it's not hard to prove someone with little or no support system is more prone to suicide if ideation exists. Also, older men in the US are far more likely to be combat veterans, who have seen a lot of death and are more prone to suicide, at maybe 100 times the normal rate.\n\n\nSo we subtract them because it's easy to explain.\n\n\nIf you do that, the number falls to maybe double? I haven't bothered to memorize all these stats.\n\n\nI think from there with a much smaller number we can just common sense a lot of it away. Men are disproportionately more likely to be homeless without support. Men are more likely to be mentally ill. Men are less likely to receive treatment for mental illness. Men are more likely to abuse alcohol. Men are more likely to own guns. \n\n\nBasically men are just more likely to be in all the risk categories. \n\n\nThe problem with this answer, is it's not really an answer, it's just 20 more questions to ask. ",
"The short answer is we are not really sure. \n\nWomen are more likely to have suicidal thoughts and are more likely to attempt suicide, however, men are significantly more likely to successfully kill themselves.\n\nResearchers believe a reason for the difference is in the method they choose to end their lives. Men are more likely to choose methods that have \"high lethality,\" which increases their chances of death. These include things like hanging or firearms. Men are around 62% while women are around 40% for these types of methods. \n\nAnother interesting difference is of men and women who choose to use firearms to end their lives, men are more likely to shoot themselves in the head whereas women are more likely to shoot themselves in the body. Obviously a head shot would be more lethal. \n\nMen are also more likely to move quickly from the \"suicidal intent\" stage to actually killing themselves. Men are less likely to seek help and have less social support than women. An average 58% of women versus 35% of men sought care from a mental health practitioner in the year before they committed suicide.\n\n\nThere is no easy answer for this one as its not so simple.",
"ELI5 version:\n\nSociety doesn't help men to express their feelings because it shows weakness so they have high suicide rate compared to women.\n\nLong version:\n\nDurkheim - Suicide\n\n_URL_0_",
"I've read that it's primarily due to the method in which each gender trys to kill themselves, girls usually try to swallow pulls and guys kill themselves. You can pump a stomach you can't unshoot someone in the head.",
"Based on what I've learned in college at my health classes it's because typically when a male attempts suicide they usually commit more violent acts then woman. Like woman typically try pills or cutting their wrists while males will usually use a gun. Because of this males are more successful while women are more likely to fail and then be taken to a psychiatrist where they'll receive help.",
"If I'm not mistaken, suicide among men is greater because they are more successful when attempting. They usually choose methods that have a greater chance of working like using a gun for instance instead of overdosing or something.",
"Females have more attempts, but men have more completed attempts because males use more lethal methods than females. I.e., a male is more likely to blow his head off with a shotgun whereas a female is more likely to try an unsuccessful overdose on pills.",
" Probably the main reason is because men choose forms of suicide that are more likely to be successful (typically a shot to the head or jumping off a tall object). Whereas women typically choose methods that are more likely to fail (overdose, cutting wrists). An overdose or bleed out attempt is more likely to be found while they're still alive, and brought to the hospital. I'm working on PhD in clinical psych and I've seen this trend in a lot of my patients as well. ",
"Females are more likely to \"attempt\" suicide and not actually follow through to garner attention. \n\nMales actually follow through more often.",
"In the most ELI5 form: ( With many, many, **many** details left out... )\n\n- More pressure on men to be this \"masculine, strong\" image. Makes men feel the need to not talk about emotions or feelings in the fear of being shunned by society and/or embarrassed by others.\n\n- \"Grow a pair!\" / \"Man up!\" / \"Get over it!\" / \"Be a man!\" / ect... Very similar to the above, but it can make certain people feel like what they're feeling is wrong and that they aren't 'manly'. If they already feel shitty, this only multiplies the problem and makes them feel worse.\n\n- It's been proven that men usually use more 'definitive' methods of suicide. Guns, vehicles and other 'tools' that kill you quicker or have a lower chance of survival in comparison to OD-Ing on drugs or cutting themselves, ect... you get the point.\n\n- (This is more my opinion now) Since women have only really just been introduced into the whole 'war' business properly, it used to consist of mainly, or only, of men. War, obviously, causes PTSD, depression, anxiety, and many other mental problems. Untreated mental problems can, clearly, lead to suicide. \n\nThere's probably many more things, many more contradictory arguments and points as well as just general information on this topic, but I'm attempting to actually ELI5 it since not many others have. So bare with me.",
"I think it boils down to 2 things.\n\n1)Men tend to internalize their feelings. When women feel sad they're more likely to reach out for help. Men just squelsh their feelings and hope they go away. Some people say it's because we teach boys from a young age to \"not cry\" (be tough, don't cry, etc) but I'm guessing it's a bit more complex than that.\n\n2)The burden of success. I think more leeway is given to women if they want to stay home and raise kids, or don't work (housewives, etc) but men are seen as genuine failures if they don't provide. There is a lot of pressure on men to be successful financially and at their jobs.",
"I'm no expert at all, (but my \"theory\" is) most of my male friends are so much less likely to seek help for their problems and they try to \"hide\" their emotions because they're supposed to be alpha. Girls tend to show their emotions and like to talk about it a lot, which may help a bit along with what others in this thread have said",
"Well, how many safe places for men who are abused are there in your town? I got 5 safe spaces for women within one mile of my house and not one place for men to go to.\nMen are told to TOUGHEN UP. \nStop crying.\nIf you tell women online you are suffering from depression they make fun of you, they call you names. Especially females here on reddit, they insult your family, go to your facebook page and send private messages to your wife and try to insult you.\nIt can all be very overwhelming sometimes.\nAnd that is just how the internet treats men.",
"Women are more likely to attempt suicide, but men are more likely to succeed. Thats the easiest most boiled down answer. Men are more likely to commit suicide with guns, hanging, jumping off buildings, (sure fire ways of dying) etc, while women are more likely to use overdoses or other means which are frequently unsuccessful, take enough time for people to discover them, or allow time for them to regret the decision and phone for help. I'm an epidemiologist, and this is the official public health answer- If you are more interested I suggest looking into reports coming out of the National Violent Death Reporting System, as they collect and aggregate this data in many states in the US. ",
"I've posted on this before as I usually see it explained as \"men tend to use more sure-fire methods\". I still think it is due to the pressure men face to be providers and protectors. When something doesn't work out there is very little in the way of support and sympathy, if anything there is an undertone of contempt e.g. \"you should have known better, you're not trying hard enough\" etc. ",
"To start with there are a lot of differences between men and women.\n\nFrom a biology/evolutionary perspective women are more important than men ( women are the bottleneck on reproduction rates). So by whatever mechanism biology seems to take more risks on men. this is reflected [iq distrution](_URL_2_) where men are more likely to be at both extremes. I believe this extends to mental health as well, but there is a sample bias issue here are men are less likely to seek help.\n\nMen and women lead very different lives. Men on average work more hours per day, more days per week, and more weeks per year. Men also work more stressful jobs and more dangerous jobs. Men are more likely to be, and spend more time [incarcerated](_URL_0_) (even for similar crimes). Men also suffer more traumatic events, both in the [workplace](_URL_5_) and as victims of [violent crime](_URL_3_). This is all before you consider military service and PTSD.\n\nMen are judged differently in a myriad of ways. People view a career in the service industry very differently depending on gender as an example. This [okcupid post] (_URL_4_) (sample bias aside) shows 80% of men are judged have below average looks.\n\nThe pressure to succeed for men is higher and the consequences for failure are much higher. The Toronto Homeless Memorial provides [a list](_URL_1_) of those who've died as a result of homelessness in the city of Toronto.\n\nUnwell men are viewed as more dangerous furthering their isolation and making them less likely to receive help and compassion. Furthermore weakness is much more harshly judged in men making them less likely to seek social support.\n\nWomen have richer social networks and support.\n\nThat's all I've got off the top of my head.\n\n*edit also childhood sexual trauma and statuary rape is for some reason viewed differently depending on the gender of the victim. The sympathy for men as victims an the consequences for women as perpetrators are very different. This really becomes everyone's problem as (as I recall reading... getting worn out here) 3/4 of men incarcerated for sex crimes were victims of sexual abuse as minors.\n\n ",
"I read a while back that men are more likely to put a gun to their head or hang themselves. Women usually take pills, which is much less effective. Women don't want to leave a mess, men don't care.",
"* Males are less outward with their emotions, and culturally less inclined toward help-seeking behavior\n* Depression in males often presents differently than in females (anger, hostility vs sadness/melancholy)\n* As a result, males are inclined to choose more lethal/violent means (guns, hanging, etc)\n\nsource: counselor\n\nAlso worth noting, while male deaths by suicide are roughly 4x more prevalent than female, females attempt roughly 3x more than males.",
"I think it's because the image of men is portrayed as macho and stuff. They tend to bottle up feelings and think that it's weird or pussy to tell someone about your problems. If anyone is suffering from this, TELL SOMEONE. TRUST ME, I HAVE BEEN THROUGH IT. ",
"In short men are more likely to commit suicide because of the expectations they themselves and society out on them. A male is expected to make the move with a female and thus statistically they experience rejection a lot more often. The male tends to put pressure on himself to succeed and provide for his future self and his future family. The male is far more likely to fall into alcoholism and narcotics when a long term relationship ends or a death occurs because it's the way society has taught him to deal with his problems. The male isn't generally encouraged to show his weaknesses and his problems and thus when it all builds into too much he makes the decision to end his life. So to sum it up in one sentence it's that makes have to meet near impossible expectations from themselves and the rest of the world.",
"Men are more aggressive and tend to use more violent ways of suicide. Females commit more suicide attempts than men but they succeed less. Men do things like use guns while women tend to try overdosing. ",
"where do you draw the line between \"attempted suicide\" and \"Doing something extremely dangerous as a cry for help\". Drunk driving is extremely dangerous but is it suicide? swallowing some pills then telling someone about it is very dangerous but is it attempting suicide or is it a cry for help? if you really want to commit suicide you can drive a car into a brick wall, or shoot yourself, or jump off a bridge/ tall building. You can talk about access to guns all you want, but pretty sure 99% of people have a tall parking garage within 30 minutes of where they live",
"I realize that this doesn't work for all situations, but when I got divorced, I read a statistic that said men were exponentially more likely to commit suicide because women typically had a reliable support structure of friends to talk to, while men did not. This ability to be emotional with close friends is incredibly healing, and it helps many women cope with the stresses of the day. \n\nMen, at least in my generation, were discouraged from emoting, as it meant the man was less of a man if he expressed any vulnerability. Strength was always the main goal in male perceptions. That is why men are more likely to hold in their pain, self medicate with alcohol or drugs, refuse therapeutic help, and are more likely to choose suicide because they do not surround themselves with caring people who won't ridicule him for expressing pain.\n\nFWIW",
"men are expected to be able to handle any challenge, and especially if no one likes you other men/women will make it even harder on you by ostracization, forced alienation or simply making fun of you over and over whenever you \"pop up into their world\". This happens to both sexes. Now when you go to make new friends or a new life somewhere, you take those past experiences with you. A man showing a past like that will be ridiculed even more \"u ain't no alpha bro\" \"shouldaaaaa beat em up\" and women may be ridiculed as well, but more often than not women will be given another shot because some view their past as \"not their fault they didn't know\". Simple shit like that adds up daily and turns into an insurmountable problem which leaves people in a state of loneliness that you can't escape from because you have built no lasting relationships. Finally the man can go to the bar and drink, maybe have a good time but he will be that loner drinking away his problems, alone. Whereas the female goes to the bar and is swooped upon as a fresh face and fresh conversation. Tldr; it is easier for women to recover from the above and build new relationships/confidence than a man. Me are expected to just be a solid rock",
"I know a guy who got stabbed by his wife, a few months later she lacerated his head by slamming the trunk down on him while he was getting something from it. No one gave a fuck. He didn't get any time off of work, everyone I work with blamed him for staying with her even though he was trying to get away she was just threatening to take the kids and leave the state and never contact him so he stayed around. It is a horrible situation, everyone blames him even though he's the only one who works in that family and he is getting shit on horribly. No one gives a fuck, people look down on him because his wife abuses him. He is too poor to get a divorce. He is getting fucked over so hard, if he killed himself I wouldn't blame him. I'm surprised all of the dumdums out there just parrot the same thing \"men are more likely to blow their brains out women are more likely to take a bottle of pills\" -- that sort of bullshit thinking IS NOT why more men commit suicide. More men die by overdosing on pills than women anyway. 10% of male suicides are by pills, this number surpasses the female death toll by the same method. \n \nMen are much more likely to attempt suicide than women as well, I don't know where you guys get your facts to claim otherwise. I have worked in mental health for the last four years and I have not seen anything NEAR a 3 to 1 ratio of women ATTEMPTING suicide vs men attempting suicide, if anything I have seen the opposite play out with more suicidal tendencies amongst men. Just because a higher percentage of female attempts don't kill the woman don't dilute the truth by claiming women attempt more suicides by pills, they don't. They don't even keep those statistics IRL, if someone tells you that they are trying to push an agenda. \n \nThe root cause of the male suicide problem is that we force men to live up to the traditional standards of gender while forcing them to live in a world where they are shamed for being male. If a man isn't confident he is shit on by both genders. Women can be passive and be praised. This is a huge difference, women have failures in their life and a line of men will be there to hold them, a man falters and women run from his failure. \n \nThis is so obvious to me that it hurts to think about.",
"Ideologies of masculinity that pressure men to do things like bottle up their emotions, not rely or even lean on others for support, join the army, etc., etc.",
"because its hard for the majority of men to find love in this world, especially when one is faced with the insurmountable task of 'making it' in todays society.",
"The simple answer is that loneliness is the reason behind a lot of suicides. It's much easier to be lonely for men than women. If a woman wants to be with somebody even just for the night they can make that happen no matter what they look like. It's much more difficult for men to make that happen. ",
"It's because men actually follow through. Woman tend to do more things like trying to OD on pills or cutting their wrists and then chickening out and calling 911 who pumps their stomach / stitches them up whereas men tend to do things like shooting themselves in the head or jumping off a building which you can't call 911 after and have them save you.",
"I would like to take a crack at this. As others said, it's a multi-faceted problem, so take this with a grain of salt.\n\n1) Weaker social systems. Men tend to have less, closely trusted friends than women. Even then, there is a smaller amount of people we open up to completely. As such, pent up problems can really fester, and lead to a manifestation of despair and hopelessness.\n\n2) \"Man up\" mentality. It is almost taboo for men to cry, to express weakness, to need help. For many men, the shame associated with saying \"I am not strong enough to handle this on my own\" is too great, and as a result, would suffer substantially more trying to overcome obstacles themselves rather than reach out.\n\n3) \"Logical\" brain. I believe males are incredibly encoded from a young age to approach things from a value perspective. This includes self value. Are there problems? Can I fix them? Am I necessary? Am a I burden? Women tend to find value in much more areas than males, and as such, it is easier for a male to see themselves as worthless, a waste, etc. Speaking subjectively, no male I know wants weigh anyone down in any capacity. If you need a good example of this, please view /r/suicidewatch and observe trends there.\n\n4) More hostile/combative situations. Men fight. They are frequently engaged in combat scenarios. They are groomed to be competitive from a young age. This probably has a correlation with extreme stressors that the opposing gender experiences less frequently. For example, men are typically victims of physical violence and abuse more frequently than women in relation to beatings and such, although women are sexually abused more frequently. Perhaps there is some dissonance here that I can't explain?\n\n5) Loneliness. I think this is a less spoken one, but realistically, it is far easier for a woman (regardless or wealth, attractiveness, or social standing) to find companionship than a male. Prolonged loneliness has been documented to have many detrimental side effects on the mind as it is. I think the mentality of \"I am going to die alone and be alone my whole life\" can really weigh down males because they cannot simply find someone, even of awful quality, with the ease that a female can. An unattractive male will have to have so, sooo many more values to even get a glance from a female.\n\n6) Social stigmas. While attitudes have changed *tremendously* in the last century towards more equality, the general social expectations for males are far more demanding in terms of wealth, power, success, and genetics. For example, while not necessary, it's almost expected for a male to have their own car, their own place, be independent, make lots of money, be very successful, be in great shape, be educated, etc etc. There are obvious outlier variables for both genders (i.e. physically attractive people simply will have it easier, period) but basing it on averages, to be considered a \"good catch\" as a male, you need to come correct. If you are unable to provide these things, you're almost automatically condemned to being labeled as a slacker, a loser, a failure, etc. It's very similar to the way women are judged so heavily on their appearance.\n\nEDIT: Added #6, fixing grammatical errors that popped up from using my cell phone to make the post.",
"Societally men are expected to \"provide\" while simultaneously not showing or expressing their emotions. Needing psychological help is considered weak and therefore less of a man. Since men tend to be stubborn they don't seek help or build emotionally supportive friend groups. Therefore suicide is a way out. That's a massive generalization, and probably doesn't cover all of it. But that is a fair bit of it. \n\nSource: formally suicidal male.",
"I'm saying this from personal experience, but that doesn't necassarily mean I'm right. I was once close to attempting suicide, mostly because of what I was going through, but also because I bottled it up. I kept thinking \"I'm a man, and a man shouldn't cry\" (I was only 13). I felt like I shouldn't talk to anyone about it, because what man talks about their feelings? That something girls do..\n\nThat's why I'm so against stereotypes now, they can seriously kill. Now that was just me, but I think that this situation can be put on to a lot of men.\n\nYou wanna know what the weird part is? I'm going through a slight form of depression, and even though I know that they are just stupid stereotypes, I still succumb to it. I try to drop hints to my parents that I have something I want to get off my chest, but they don't pick up on it, and the fucking sterotype that men shouldn't talk about their feelings still gets to me.",
"Ok, so there's this : _URL_0_\n\nApparently white people are killing themselves a lot more. ",
"It's a big mixture of society norms and gender bias. Look at all the support groups there are *dedicated* to helping women during tough times, there are very little ones dedicated for men, if any. Women also tend to use methods that are more crys for help such as poisions, pills and cutting.",
"A major factor is that men are better at doing it than women, I believe I read somewhere that more women attempt it but men use more brutal methods, thereby succeeding more often than not.",
"Probably a combination of numerous factors, such as:\n\nThe expectation of having to succeed economically and support a family while having to keep a stoic face all along the way, in addition to having most of the onus of the dating market put on them.\n\nThe expectation that men can't seek help, especially emotionally, and a lack of specialized help available for them in return.\n\nMen not being taught the skills to cope with failure and rejection by society.\n\nMen taught that they must rely on themselves rather than a close support group.\n\nConfusing contradictions which are a male's life: Men are expected to be self-reliant and independent; yet being alone is considered a failure. Society is becoming increasingly progressive, tolerant, and sympathetic; yet lonely anti-social males are increasingly demonized and feared by society.\n\nCriticizing toxic masculinity while offering no solution for it.\n\nCondemnation of the male ego as fragile, though in a mocking and hateful tone rather than considering that it could actually be the root problem; and the very thing that men need help to solve, yet it is considered the ultimate failure of a man to have to seek it.",
"I don't have a source for you, but remember learning that it has a lot to do with the gender differences in the value of beauty. Even beautiful corpses. Women in general would be embarrassed to be seen blue and hanging from a rope or with a bloody hole in their head, so usually attempt suicide by drug overdose. Men on the other hand, shoot themselves more often. It's far easier to be found still alive, rushed to the hospital, and saved, with an OD than with a gunshot wound to the head. And \"suicide rate\" is a measure of successful suicides. You'd find much more parity in \"attempted suicide\" numbers between genders. \n \nEdit: found some numbers to back up what I said; \n \"Females attempt suicide three times more often than males. As with suicide deaths, rates of attempted suicide vary considerably among demographic groups. While males are 4 times more likely than females to die by suicide, females attempt suicide 3 times as often as males.\" \n\nfrom _URL_1_ \n \nAlso; \"Males frequently complete suicide via high mortality actions such as hanging, carbon-monoxide poisoning, and firearms. This is in contrast to females, who tend to rely on drug overdosing.[15] While overdosing can be deadly, it is less immediate and therefore more likely to be caught before death occurs\" \nfrom _URL_0_",
"In sociology we learned that men are more successful than females at killing themselves. It's not that they attempt it more, it's that they succeed more. For instance women typically try to slit their wrists or overdose. Things that don't always end up working. Men typically shoot themselves or throw themselves in front of traffic or a train. Something that really gets the job done. ",
"Not a complete answer, but a factor people have probably mentioned is a stigma against men seeking help for issues. Because our culture suggests men need to be emotionless walls who take all pain without needing to cry or talk about it, has lead men to fear going to therapy or seeking help for situations. With emotions bottled up it can lead to mental issues and depression, which are can lead to a higher suicide rate.",
"Society considers men to be a utility to others (primarily women and their children). If a man isn't in a position to offer utility then society has no qualms about abandoning him. \n\nLearning that you're considered a right-off and that there's little in the way of help for you is hard. That alone is sufficient to account for the differential rate.",
"Could it also have something to do with the fact that in many cultures men are encouraged to not reveal and express their emotions? For fear of being seen as week",
"1. Society doesn't care about men's feelings.\n2. Men don't do cries for help like women do.\n3. Men suffer from PTSD from war and things in the line of duty.\n4. Men have much higher burdens placed on them by society to succeed and measure their self worth by success and achievements and money, unlike women.\n5. Men suffer from higher prison time, harsher sentencing, false rape accusations and things that can ruin their careers.\n6. Men lose their children when they lose their wives, and potentially lose their fortunes and all the things they fought to have.\n",
"Women pop pills and pass out in a bathtub, men jump off the tallest fucking building they can find.",
"In my country Bangladesh, it is traditional that men bear the financial responsibilities, so a lot of them take out loans that more often than not they are unable to pay off and to relief themselves and their family of the burden they commit suicide. But thats just one country. ",
"You may not like this answer, but Men are better (on average) at actually completing the act. Women are actually more likely to try, so this is the main factor.",
"From what I have learned as a psychologist - \n\nWomen are statistically more likely to attempt suicide but men are more likely to commit suicide. This is because men are more likely to use methods that ensure a successful attempt. ",
"Men are more likely to succeed in a suicide attempt. They usually choose more violent and effective suicide methods than their female counterparts. So man might shoot himself in the head with a shotgun, while a woman takes sleeping pills. \n\nThe man dies instantly when he blows his head off, no chance to survive having his brains splattered out in a second. Whereas the woman doesn't take enough pills to die and recovers, or is found and taken to hospital to get her stomach pumped. She survives, he doesn't.\n\nMen also tend to be more determined in their suicide attempts, while women seem to do it more for attention sometimes.",
"I think the simple chestnut here is that grown men are simply the least-protected class of society, with middle-aged white males at the forefront of this dynamic. It's partly because our system has been historically \"rigged\" by this same demographic, but the rigging has become quite frayed at this point unless you're at the very top.",
"Women's mental health issues are taken far more seriously then men's. In addition, starting very young girls and boys are socialized differently. Girls are taught to try to get help as much as possible. Boys are taught to deal with stuff on their own and \"boys don't cry\". So when it comes down to getting help for mental issues, men are more likely to just try to deal with it on their own (this is true for physical health issues too but that's beside the point). \n\nAnother thing you have to understand is the difference in severity of suicide attempts. A lot of people try to counter this by pointing out the fact that women attempt suicide more often, and that it's just the differing methods used by the genders that account for why men are more likely to be successful in their attempt (taking a bunch of pills or slitting your wrist in a bathtub is much less likely to kill you then shooting yourself in the head). But you have to understand that these differences aren't coincidental.\n\nBefore one commits suicide, they have a long path of depression first. A suicide attempt where one is actually trying to kill themselves means that person is farther down the path than someone who is just trying to get attention (taking a bunch of pills and then texting a bunch of your friends good bye). I'm not trying to make light of that sort of thing though, those people are still in serious need of help and they should have their problems taken completely seriously. I'm just saying that there is a difference between taking too many pills and jumping off a building. And I think I think this relates back to how women are more likely to try to get help. As one is going down the path towards suicide, women will be more likely to try to use these methods to get help when it starts to get bad where as men will just try to tough it out. Men will keep trucking until it gets so bad that they reach the point where they are no longer looking for help or trying to get better, thats when one will try a more successful suicide method.\n\nAt least that's how I see it. There's probably a lot of other factors as well but I feel like these are the main ones.",
"When a woman is broke and almost living on the street she only needs to spread her wings to a nice lonely gentleman who will take care of her",
"This is one of a bunch of reasons that people shouldn't be swept up in the hysteria surrounding the purported mistreatment of women in the West. The now ubiquitous idea that our society uniquely victimizes women is absurd.",
"Oof, how to explain this to a child... Would this even be something I have to explain to a five year old? Christ I hope not. Anyway, here's a try. \nImagine you had to carry a bucket around with you, and this bucket was constantly filling up with water, yeah? So, you get tired, it's a heavy bucket, but here's a silly rule. Men can only empty the bucket in certain places, in certain ways. \nWho made these rules? Are they actually rules? Maybe you made them up yourself and just imagine they're the rules of the situation. Maybe everyone else tells you these rules, or it's just how things are done and you don't want to break the status quo... er, dumb it down a little... It's the rules because they just are. They don't make sense, but that's how it is. Stupid I know. \nNow, on the other hand, women are allowed to empty their buckets anywhere they want, often however they want. They could slowly empty the bucket out as it gets near the top, they could douse other people with the bucket, they could just keep the bucket upside down so it never gets wet. Those are the general rules for girls. \nAs a guy, eventually, you might just want to let the bucket go, maybe you're too old for the bucket, maybe you're tired, maybe with how heavy the bucket is you don't noticed a quickly approaching bad situation and get hurt... Hmm, let's try dumbing it down more... With a bucket that heavy all the time, some people will just throw the bucket away rather than deal with the weight. \nThe problem is the rules of how we have to empty the bucket, rules that just exist because. But, here's a little cheat to those rules. If you find a friend good enough, you can just empty your bucket and he or she will never let anyone know you don't follow the rules.",
"Because of \"male privilege\" and \"patriarchy\". Now talk about something that matters, like women. You selfish misogynist bigot!",
"The best I can boil this down to is this: there is a stigma surrounding men talking about their feelings, men don't wish to be seen as feminine and must maintain their outward masculinity. And so we don't talk about things; we don't talk about what's bothering us, then we kill ourselves. \n\nIt is not manly to cry. So we are not vulnerable when we need to be. We are selfish. But we are still human. ",
"Women are expected to be more emotional than men, causing men to hide their feelings because it's not \"manly\" to talk about it. In some cases that drives men to suicide. Women being more emotional is of course a negative stereotype for them as well, but talking about feelings has much less of stigma.",
"I might get slammed for this, but, females have it easier finding partners where as makes can struggle, just look at dating sites, females actually list what they want like tall, dark, good-looking where as males will be lucky to even get a reply. ",
"Society treats men as garbage (sends them to war, forces them do dangerous activities, expected to bury all feelings and emotions and BE STRONG at any time. So all this sexism create a huge dam. Everything seems to be so fragile! The whole concept. When a man is not conforming to societal expectations, he looses in value, *au contraire to non conforming women*.\nSome even loose their faces when they must go to the doctor searching for help. Instead of doing so, some men commit suicide.",
"In the action itself, men lean towards something such as jumping off a 15ft building while women lean towards pills - i.e finality vs comfort.\n\nThrough use of pills, there is a chance your body might digest such chemicals/someone finds you and gets you to the ER quick enough. Jump off a building on the other hand tends to be final.",
"In addition to many things that have already been said:\n\nI'd like to add that we live in a world where divorcing your wife usually means losing your kids, at least, losing primary custody. Plus paying child support. And mind you, 60-70% of these divorces are originally filed by the wife. \n\nHere in America our divorce rates are 53% and of those divorces, only about 18% (as of 2011) of the fathers were granted custody of their children. \n\nLet's face it, a divorce is usually in the interest of the woman. At least it does here in America. Take a mans kids, home and the life he's created and there's a high chance he'll end up making some emotional, irrational decisions.... \n\n_URL_0_\n",
"Because weakness and failure in men is socially unacceptable. Weakness in women is socially expected and desired. It's a portion of gender roles. You would think we have grown enough as a society to understand that both of these things aren't necessary or necessarily true but we have not. Loneliness is the key factor in suicide and society is setup in just such a way that more often than not women have a strong immediate social circle to support them where as men are primarily alone or conditioned to believe they are. \n\nI'll sum it up.\n\nSuck it up, be a man, don't be a pussy. ",
"Sociology of Health: men are typically (though not exclusively) socialised into keeping issues to themselves - expressing issues is seen in the broad sense as effeminate, as girls are often taught to express their feeling far more than boys (which counts for expressing problems such as their health).\n\nGirls are also have to deal with health issues that men do not, such as menstruation and child birth, and so more variables typically lead women to seeing medical professions far more often than men over a lifetime. \n\nOver a large group of survey recipients, this leads to the results you're describing.",
"For a couple of reasons:\n\n1) Women are allowed to be more emotional. So while an overwhelmed female may attempt suicide, she has probably been allowed to cry, scream, break down, what have you. Men are expected to be stoic and strong. Bottling all that up can take its toll.\n\n2) The methods. Women tend to use pills or wrist slashing other forms of suicide that can be reversible if discovered in time,or can fail altogether. A few of my friends have swallowed a handful of pills to kill themselves, then went \"What the fuck did I just do?!\" and called an ambulance. This can't really be done after you shoot yourself. Men tend to choose methods like shooting, hanging, etc.\n\nWomen attempt suicide a lot more than men do, but men succeed more.",
"I read a great journal article on this once. The paper was prompted by a higher number of females seeking psychiatric assistance for depression.\n\nIts main argument was that Western culture was more tolerant toward females who openly expressed emotions associated with depression such as sadness and hopelessness, as well as behaviors such as staying in bed and crying, than it was toward males who acted in such a way.\n\nIn the authors' research, depressed males tended to exhibit different symptoms than depressed females, including prolonged silence, avoiding conversation about their mood or well-being, systematic failure, alcoholism, lower performance at work, and erratic outbursts of anger or aggression. It seemed that \"bottling it up\" was the trend among men who may not have a healthy, socially-acceptable way to cope with their depression. However, the authors argued that these men were experiencing the same major depression as females, although the symptoms manifested in different ways.\n\nThe paper suggested that this may also be a reason why men's suicide rates are higher. Loneliness, being misunderstood, and dealing with this unknown internal problem for prolonged periods of time tended toward suicidal behavior.\n\nI would be absolutely thrilled if someone could find this paper for me. I just can't remember the authors or which journal for the life of me. It was a fairly recent publication, probably after 2010.\n\n**TL;DR: Less socially acceptable for men to \"act depressed,\" so they tend to internalize their depression and avoid seeking help**\n",
"Contrary to what the top comment says, I think its a very simple explanation. The amount of societal pressure on us to accomplish various shit greatly outweighs the amount of support we get as a gender. So, when men fail to meet societal expectations they get depressed. Its a downward spiral from there. If you can't deal with your issues by yourself, you are put down for being inadequate. Looking around, everyone else is putting men down just for being men. Masculinity is considered a disease. So, you decide to end your life because living is too difficult and unpleasant. Since you are a man, you are a lot less likely to fail at committing suicide. Hey, at least we are good at killing ourselves.",
"Men tend to have more responsibility, less rights and less support from society than women.\n\nThis leads to more stress and thus more who can't handle said stress.\n\nCouple this with the fact men are conditioned to resolve problems alone rather than seek help and the fact that the help services for most health issues are aimed more at women than men and it all comes together to make up this sad fact.\n\nWhat's even more sad is I don't see much awareness for it or desire to fix the issue, there's more attention on how men sitting to wide-stances on public transport is \"harmful\" to women than of men killing themselves.\n\nId be willing to bet if the ratio was reversed there'd be more attention in the media and organisations to help fix the issue, but it affects men so like everything else is largely ignored because men are second class citizens",
"Because males lives a harder life in general even with the current culture trying to tell us it is not so",
"Here is my take as a suicidal male, we live in a society where almost all of the pressure is on the male to initiate social interaction with the opposite sex. If a guy is shy or has social anxiety issues he is going to be alone. If a woman is in a similar situation it is much easier because she just has to sit there and wait for someone to approach her.\n\nI have been alone nearly all my life, and the few relationships I have had were all friends that I had known for years first. Working up the nerve to talk to anyone I don't know is a huge obstacle, no matter how much eye contact and flirting comes my way. Women don't have to deal with that. \n\nI really think the increased suicide rate has a lot to do with loneliness.",
"From what I've experienced, Fatherlessness, The unfair family court systems of child Custody and divorce settlements, alimony, the weight of having to be the provider in incredibly tough economic times... and almost complete apathy towards your demographic from the government and society at large, There are very few abuse shelters for men. You're expected to just suck it up. There is no support for men, in education or career quotas for men, there are no male shortlists. You have to bust your ass to make it, Some people get understandably overwhelmed with it.\n\nThe dead end job and soul sucking hours in incredibly shitty jobs, Like Deep sea fishing, Sanitation and even farming careers have high suicide rates. There's no \"50/50\" gender equality in those fields though, no pushes for diversity there though.\n\nThere are definitely people on this site that would say this doesn't exist, But denigration of manhood and masculinity from generations of feminists in society. Which lead to horrible policing regulations like the Duluth model and historically the white feather campaigns.\n\n",
"If I ever lost custody of my child I would *contemplate* suicide, that little guy is the only thing keeping me going and I imagine there are other men that have succumbed to this",
"Men are more used and abused in society. This makes many men want to give up when the odds are constantly against them. For example: if you get married and have a kid, your wife can at any time divorce you. If she does then you will lose half your resources and potentially your kid while your wife live peacefully afterwards. This along with other factors make men a prime target. Also if you are a white male, you are always accused of being evil or a slave owner or who knows what by society. If media and the acceptance that women can sometimes do wrong in marrage, and that white males are not all racist, then we would see a change in the male suicide rate.",
"According to my facebook feed \"Because white men are used to getting what they want, and would rather die than not.\"",
"Because women and society still judge men on whether they conform to traditional male stereotypes and men are shamed for showing weakness. For some reason alot of women just find broken men repulsive. I've known women who consider depressed men as creeps. This leads to loneliness and self esteem issues for many depressed men.",
"For everyone saying Women \"attempt suicide\" just as much as men, that is bullshit. If they actually wanted to kill themselves they would. They would do it again after their failed attempt. \n\nInjecting that argument that women have it as hard as men is part of the problem of male suicide - nobody takes male mental health seriously - IT'S A HUGE ISSUE ",
"Easy. \n \nWomen can get laid anytime they want with anyone they want to have sex with. Men can't. \n \nMay sound like I'm joking but I'm confident there is an extremely strong correlation between having sexual freedom and being sexually repressed. \n\n \nAnyone wanting to argue that an active sexlife does not halt, lessen or remove depression feel free to do so.",
"In a CSI class, I took, we had a whole segment on suicide. It was about the anatomy of a suicide much more than the reasoning, so what you'd expect to see. The detective that was teaching the class used his own personal photos of the scenes to help demonstrate what we were discussion. \n\nTwo things that were discussed really stuck with me, women like to leave a pretty body and men like to get the job done. Meaning that women tend to not do anything to their heads, that means pills, slitting wrists, or even gun shot to the chest. These methods will all work but they tend to be slow which allows time for someone to find them. Men tend to use methods that are quicker like a shot to the head or strangulation, so the chance os someone finding them alive is much slimmer. I can't say why it's like that, but I thought it might answer a little of your question.",
"Ok, so I heard this in a video and it makes sense! It has to do with our society and how males have to be masculine. Showing emotion as a male is looked as weak and sometimes are shamed for it, so males that are depress have a harder time expressing there feelings to someone that can greatly help. Males have no one to go to so they just end it. Females in the other hand can express there emotion more freely without being shamed, in thus being lifted from there depressed state. ",
"Because guys aren't allowed to be sad, it makes us look weak to society and weaker so when we talk about it, some of us have to shoulder burdens for others and we don't have time to deal with our own issues because we don't want it to be a problem for the people we are protecting or providing for, looking or being weak is something we can't do because we aren't allowed to be sensitive, even if we have to harden ourselves to do so.",
"This will probably get buried. \n\nOk there is no way I'm reading every comment and this may have been said. A big part is the method of execution, women generally will take pills in an attempt to overdose (and often times not take enough or get found). Men tend to use guns, once its done its done unless they missed. \n\nSource: I work in law enforcement and deal with these things daily. ",
"Jesus...all the people in here reacting with \"well women attempt more\" are just showing me how much society refuses to discuss men's issues. As if taking a few pills as a cry for help and blowing your brains out even belong in the same discussion. But of course, we can't mess up the female victim/male privilege narrative. Doesn't matter if men are dying in droves. The effect of feminism or our society is indeed horrid.",
"Not an expert, however a large consensus is that men are statistically more likely to try violent suicide like gunshot or jumping off a building and women opt more towards pills and other methods that can fail or sometimes be undone if they're found. \n\nAlso have you ever seen a men's domestic abuse shelter? No, that's because it was shut down by bigots calling themselves feminists who really just want men removed from society. This lack of support is theorized to put greater strain on men. \n\nAgain, not an expert. These are just 2 factors, and as others have said it's really hard to ELI5 this. Also note this is all based on US studies and news. Might not apply in other countries. ",
"Because when the titanic is sinking, we stand there and let the women and children go first",
"There are many reasons, but a major one is that males are more often pressured to \"be strong\" and \"hide their feelings,\" so they often get medical help less often then females do.",
"Because men are the disposable sex. \n\nMen fight wars and come back with ptsd. \n\nThere are thousands of non profit and GOs designed specifically to help flailing women. For men there is prison. \n\nWomen make poor me \"suicidal gestures\" to make people help them. Men don't bother because they know they will get no help so they go for the gusto. ",
"Is a woman asking this? I feel like a man would know.",
"Child support, alimony, divorce rape... All those things trap men, strips them of their very life and makes their life so unbearable that they just can't do it any more.\n\nAlso the stigma for men to be emotionally resilient, and that you aren't a man if you have feelings.\n\nPressure on men is increasing exponentially, their self esteem being destroyed by women since they start going to school...\n\nThe bully victims that are boys get far worse bullying than girls do...\n\nA myriad of reasons really",
"It is socially frowned upon for men to show or share emotions in the west because they are seen as \"soft\", \"emasculate\", and \"weak\" so men tend to bottle up emotions.",
"There is a lot of reasons why Men kill themselves 4x greater than women.\n\n70% of men have a hard time finding a mating partner. If you look at Maslow's heirarchy of needs, finding a partner and being happy is one of the key things for survival. It is easier for a girl to find a boyfriend but not for a boy to find a girlfriend. There is a big double standard in the dating game. I'm not saying that not being able to find a girlfriend will cause suicidal ideation alone but it is one of the key factors.\n\nAutism is a factor. If it is true that autism is more likely to occur in boys, it is even harder to socialize, thus harder to find a partner.\n\nDouble standard sexism is also a problem. Men are expected to \"man up\" when things get tough for them. Women have more emotional support then men; There are battered women shelters, and access to the proper mental health resources are widely available to women. Men are pretty much on their own and force to tough it out. Double standard laws and society have just made life tougher for men.\n\nIn society if men show any weakness, they are frowned upon, so they have to act more masculine, and in some cases conceal their emotions which is more dangerous because it can lead to anger with would lead to violence, even murder or suicide (or both).\n\nThis is a very systemic problem, and it is not sustainable. If there are no men left in this world, society will collapse.",
"I imagine this is due to men having to harbor their feelings and \"be tough\" and things of that nature. Women don't face that same pressure, they find support.",
"I could be wrong but it seems like there is more support out there for women (speaking as a woman here). There seems to be less 'shame' involved when women open up about their feelings, and women seem to be able to talk about their feelings more openly with their friends. I don't see many men with that kind of friendship or with an outlet to be open and honest about what they are feeling. More needs to be done to support men with their mental health and wellbeing. ",
"Just to add to the conversation, the successful* suicide rate is higher for men. Attempted is higher in women. No easy answer. From my limited knowledge from all the psych classes I've taken, part if it is methodology. Men generally hang themselves or jump from buildings whereas women try to OD on stuff they have lying around.\n\nOne theory thats pretty pervasive is that men are, on average, lonelier than women, especially in their late teens and their 20's. In general, society tells us to be less open, so unless we are in a relationship or have a close female friend to talk to, we tend to be extremely lonely and vulnerable to mental illness, including depression and GAD. Strong social support is consistently, strongly negatively correlated to rates of successful suicide. Thus, men are more likely to commit suicide successfully.\n\nThat's the most simplified way I can put it. Obviously this is a very nuanced and multifaceted and sad topic. This is my best attempt at a simple answer.",
"The points that are consistently given in my psychology classes at my university are:\n\n1) Men are more likely to use more lethal means of suicide, ie. guns, standing in front of trains. This makes them more \"successful\" in their completion. Women are more likely to use pills, or to cut. These are less lethal means of suicide, so they are more likely to \"fail\".\n\n2) There is a big ass banner hung by society that says \"MEN, DO NOT ADDRESS YOUR FEELINGS. PRETEND THEY ARE NOT THERE.\" Men are more likely to be patronized or ostracized for revealing any deep seeded, dark emotion, compared to females, where emotionality is to be expected. As such, men are much less likely to seek any sort of support, therefore increasing the incidence of mental illness that leads to suicide. \n\n3) Schizophrenia has the highest suicide risk compared to any other mental disorder. There are studies showing that men have a high lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia compared to women (more men than women will qualify for a diagnosis). Put these two facts together - and more men than women will at least attempt to commit suicide. It's still a bit of a speculation since the sex difference in schizophrenia hasn't been proven, but a likely contributor. ",
"Because, usually, as a man, if ones life gets so messed up, nobody will care or help, not even the people who are paid to help, when a man is this messed up everyone avoids him, while most wish him good riddance, the only way for a man to improve is to do it himself, even in a vacuum, with out the proper knowledge and all professionals misguiding him, it is a challenging process?!$. While if a women even stubs her toe she will have a billion offers of immediate assistance?!$.",
"This is certainly going to be controversial, but it's definitely a fact that for the overwhelming majority of females, living in this world is much easier and less stressful than for a male. This is obviously something that has many exceptions, and so many variables, but in a first world country, the majority of your female citizens are going to have a much easier, more relaxed, stress free time doing any given task or completing any given goal than a male counterpart. It's starting to fade away I think, because there's a big shift now toward females starting to live on their own and do everything for themselves, instead of the old type of family structure where a girl would find a guy, get married, have kids, then just stay at home and do all the house work. It's evolved a lot from all these different factors. I'm bracing myself for the wave of downvotes and hate mail from feminists, and it would do me no good to try to explain that I'm not being sexist in any way, but that's why. I'm sure this would be much better asked on something like /r/science where you could get some feedback from psychologists who have first hand experience dealing with issues like this. They could also recommend some great studies and papers to read I'm sure. ",
"There's a lot of theories but no conclusive evidence. The rate of successful suicides is 4 times higher for a few reasons. One being that men, compared to women, aren't looking for help. They tend to keep their emotions to themselves and as such, dont seek help for their suicidal thoughts whereas women are more open about these sensetive topics and its more of a cry for help, not death. Remember, this isn't all men, just the larger percentage of them. Secondly, men tend to use more successful methods. A man may go for a jump or a bullet to the head. Things that can't be taken back once you decide to act. The main method of suicide in women is overdose. Surprisingly enough, this method isn't very effective, as they can change their mind and go to the hospital, resulting in their lives being saved. These are just proposed and obvious patterns observed in suicides but there's no real conclusive answer.",
"In university I actually wrote a really in depth feature on male suicide and found some really heartbreaking stories. \n\nMy main interviewee, let's call him Dave, had a family to support and a rather non existent social life. He worked in manual labour all his life and said that 'as the man of the house' he wasn't allowed to show his emotion. Dave also had a mentally ill wife to support and was the main breadwinner. If he got stressed at work he couldn't exactly quit as his family depended on him, he was trapped.\n\nI know ELI5 is for hard facts, but what I observed was that men (particularly the working class men) held the traditional values of masculinity in high regard. There was no space for them to get upset or let off their emotion. In fact, they'd been bought up in a way that seemed as if they didn't have the social skills to process their emotion.\n\nThis is also why grown men are also known to commit suicide in more definite ways, rather than teens and women who know help exists but don't know how to ask without first showing they're capable of harming themselves.\n\nIt all comes down to the social expectations of masculinity.\n\nEdit: Just in case any fellas are reading this feeling a bit hopeless and in search of answers - please visit _URL_0_.",
"It's pretty darn complicated, but I'll try my best.\n\nImagine we have little Suzy and little Timmy. Timmy and Suzy go to school together. They have flowers and butterflies in the school and a female teacher. Suzy is delighted at the flowers and butterflies, but Timmy doesn't like it. He'd much rather have race cars. Then they read a story about friendship and cooperation. The teacher tells them to all share their feelings towards one another. Little Timmy is not a fan of any of it. They keep cutting recess time down so Little Timmy has a harder and harder time paying attention. It doesn't affect Suzy as much. The female teacher doesn't understand why Timmy is misbehaving so he gets yelled at. The teacher then sits them down and tells them to write a story in a group. Timmy would much rather write it on his own, but Suzy is delighted at working with others. Suzy suggests they write about barbies and dresses. Timmy suggests writing about soldiers and tanks. The teacher is shocked at the \"violent\" thoughts Timmy has and sends Timmy to the principal's office. Little Timmy is suspended and his grades suffer. This trend continues for a while. \n\nFast forward a few years. Timmy is in high school and his grades are considerably worse than Suzy's. He's been doped up on drugs for years to settle him down and make him act more like a girl. Timmy has gone through puberty, and he soon learns that now no one cares how he feels about anything or takes any of his concerns seriously, even though he was told when he was a kid that sharing your feelings was a good thing. He's not in AP classes, unlike Suzy, because his teachers graded him worse because he was a boy that \"acted out\". His self-esteem is pretty low and he doesn't know how he's supposed to act and no one really cares. It wouldn't be a surprise if he hurt himself at this point. These sort of self-esteem issues will stay with him for at least a few years, if not all his life. He has a chance to pull himself out of it after high school, or sink even lower.\n\nFast forward a few more years. Timmy finds a nice a girl to marry. He thinks his life is finally going the right way. They have a few kids and Timmy is at least somewhat happy. Then after some time has passed, Timmy is blindsided with divorce papers. His wife doesn't want to be with him anymore. She takes the kids, and half his stuff. He also gets hit with alimony and child support. She claims he's dangerous and gets the judge to grant her sole custody. So now his life has suddenly become just about working so he can afford the hefty alimony and child support payments, as well as his single room studio apartment that he's stuck with. He's not even allowed to see his children, who were the light of his life. What does Timmy have to live for anymore? He's had everything taken from him. After divorce is an incredibly likely time to suicide, because the scenario I described, or something like it, isn't all that unusual.",
"Simply put, men are socially conditions to be expected to deal with things on their own, and their value in life is socially defined by being 'the rock' and 'the provider'. \n\nWhen women struggle, it is not a big deal for them to ask for help, socially speaking. But there is a stigma for men. \n\nIf a man is unable to provide or be the rock in a relationship, the relationship often ends, and he loses those things that define him as a person. If a woman loses a job, men will still date her, or take care of her. If a woman is going through an emotionally difficult time, there is no shame in getting support from a husband, for example. However, when men go through the same issues, they are emasculated and more often than not dumped rather than supported by their partner.\n\nThere is a problem with how we socialize boys not to cry, and the expectations we teach girls to have of men. \n\n\n ",
"Everyone here is giving elaborate, detailed explanations for the possible causes behind it. OP asked for the ELI5 explanation. The ELI5 explanation is \"because no one gives a shit about men, no one else is looking out for them, they're expected to always have their shit together and never let it show if they don't, and men are seen as functionally disposable by society.\"",
"Its complicated and I'm going to get into \"man secrets\" that may sound controversial but let me - yes a man who has experience with the suicide of 2 friends both suffering from this within the last 48 hours - try, because I'm trying to sort it out myself.\n\nIn the past men have traditionally - for right or wrong is out of scope - been told they had a role in society that was pretty rigid and included strict obligations and responsibilities that they HAD to do or risk failing in their male genders main tribal/societal role.\n\nThese roles (and some common phrases enforcing them in modern culture) are:\n\n* Provide for the family: \"bring home the bacon\", \"pay the bills\", \"hunt for dinner, breakfast, and lunch\"\n* Be strong emotionally and physically: \"Men don't cry.\", \"Do you even lift?\", \"Don't be a p*ssy.\",\"don't be weak\"\n* Build an empire: \"A mans home is his castle\", \"Get off my lawn\", \"My roof, my rules\"\n\nAs culture expands and the economy puts more and more pressure on males to fulfill these gender specific obligations, many of them fail at it due to economic issues or just lack of the correct education (The education system is out of scope, but its failing a lot of people unfairly because it has different goals than the people going into it) as more and more families lack the role models to give them the tools that used to be passed on through family. So these guys do what they can in spite of all of this, they try, They get a job, any job, but end up getting a job that doesn't pay the bills or allow them to buy a house and build that empire, or the degree they are in debt for doesn't let them get that job that lets them pay off the debt, etc. This leads to men simply feeling like they have failed in a way that means that something must be wrong with THEM. After all they did what they think is the right thing, they went to school ,got the degree, or whatever, thinking that was the one true way to do it.. and it didn't work out. They couldn't build that empire, they couldn't provide, So they blame themselves, they feel worthless.\n\nNow under these same \"man rules\" talking to people about fears/worries is \"not allowed\" because the impression is that doing so would be a form of emotional or even physical weakness. So guys don't talk about these things. Its taboo. So we either drink, work it out somehow, or kill ourselves like the guys funeral I am at now did.\n\nAnd if we men choose to kill ourselves, one thing you have to understand is that the rules above for being a man STILL APPLY, if fact it could be said that as a man if you were going to kill yourself, these rules apply EVEN MORE due to societal pressure because its about how you die.. member the phrase \"Go out like a man\"? Its not just a phrase, its a reminder to men that our obligation to \"be a man\" and follow the rules doesn't end with our choice to kill ourselves.\n\nAnd no man wants to be the guy who failed. At ANYTHING. But to be the guy who failed to kill themselves correctly, to be the guy that broke the top three rules of manhood and ended up living after such an attempt, that's a really shameful emotion that every man I know would hate because it would effectively say \"you are so worthless, you couldn't even kill yourself correctly\" and by doing that they feel like they fail at the three points above so they do everything they can to get it right. Everything.\n\nWorst case:\n\n* Failed to kill self so now all life insurance etc gets pulled and thus, \"Failed to provide for family.\" gets broken.\n* People could say you didn't deal with the physical pain of killing yourself so did it incorrectly and failed at it and thus would be failing at \"be strong physically\" above. Men worry about getting made fun of in this way even if it sounds irrational, because they worry about their kids or kids of the family having that \"shame\".\n* Failed due to lack of resources (Not a big enough empire, per above). As a result these attempts are often more successful because more planning and thought goes into them.\n\nIf you look at suicide statistics you will find that men like to use guns more to kill themselves. The rules above are why. No pain, no messing up easily, and if done right it can look like an accident so the family is taken care of. This is not me saying guns are bad (I like guns), but they are effective at suicide when put to your head.\n\ntldr; I'm at a funeral and the guy killed himself because it was his only way to not fail as a man according to our popular culture and societal rules that decree a man must build his empire, be strong, and provide, or he is a failure. Women traditionally have not had this role/requirement forced on them so they have less to fail at.\n",
"There is multiple reasons as to why the male suicide rate is 4 times that of females but basically, it's because men are held to a much much higher standard. Every hear of the phrase \"Man Up\". Yeah that's basically saying \"If you fail you're not worthy\".\n\nPretty much everything is the mans fault when things aren't going right. Car broke down? Mans got to fix it. Can't pay the bills? It's the Mans job to provide. Sexual problems getting \"that\" up? It's the mans fault.\n\nMen are basically expected to feed, fix, and please everyone. If you cannot do any of those 3, you might as well kill yourself. No, I'm not telling anyone to actually commit suicide, I am simply stating what the world says to men. \n\nEverything that woman woman do is basically bonus points where men are at loss when they can't do something. A woman who does her job is a \"Strong Independent Women Who Don't Need A Man\" where a Man who is facing difficulties is considered a failure.\n\nAnd look at dating. Basically a Man is told to just \"Find a nice girl\". A Woman is told to find a man who can build this, fix this, does this, will do this, has this, will give me this...",
"I think the reason is that male suicides tend to be more lethal like using a gun and women tend to use ways that are less lethal like overdosing\n\n_URL_0_\n\n",
"Men tend to choose more lethal methods, such as firearms, so they generally have a higher rate of completing suicides than women, who are more likely to use pills (which are still potentially deadly but less so than guns).",
"Part of the statistic has to do with the fact that men and women tend to commit suicide in different ways. \n\nMen are more likely to use quick and \"final\" actions such as guns, hangings, and jumping. Things that are a sure thing. \n\nWomen, statistically, are more likely to use methods that are seen as painless sub as poison, pills, and drugs. The thing is, those methods are also possible to stupid you change your mind or if someone finds you. Hospitals can pump your stomach, help with antidotes for poison, or assist with an overdose. Hospitals can't do much for a gunshot to the head. \n\nThis is really the simplest explanation I can give. It's sad, but part of the suicide stats are based on \"successful\" suicide attempts. Men are simply more likely to succeed in their attempt. ",
"Because men drew the short straw when it comes to emotional gender norms. They have to constantly repress how they feel in fear of social ostracization. Women are allowed to cry, to go try to find friends if they're lonely without being seen as a creep (yes yes, there are women who have just as hard of time making friends but I'm talking about societal views), to tell their friends they think about suicide. There's also the fact that testosterone makes you more, well, \"ballsy\". So men are also more likely to use \"real deal\" type methods such as hanging and shooting. We think of women as soft fragile people who need to be taken care of, but we think men must always be rugged individualists. By the time they're adults, society sees any weakness in the facade of masculinity as unacceptable. Take for example the mentally ill. \n\n & nbsp;\n\nPicture a 30 year old schizophrenic woman during a psychotic episode. She is in a hospital bed, skinny with ratty hair. She's not violent, but rather self-destructive. She is paranoid and begging for help saying that people are coming to kill her. She begins to cry hysterically, tortured by her delusions. People will probably see her and think \"poor thing\" and her helplessness will inspire rescue fantasies in those around her. She is essentially seen as a child, and would especially be treated as such by her family.\n\nNow replace this woman with a man, same age, skinny, all that. His psychosis is the same manifestation. His psychotic attack is considered more dangerous than the woman despite his non-violence. Perhaps there is a shred of validity to this, being that men are usually physically stronger. Still, the man is not violent but instead terrified. He starts crying hysterically too. People around him will become even more terrified, being so unaccustomed to male tears. His family is loving but finds it hard to treat him the same way they would the woman. His friends stop seeing him because they're frightened. By society, he is seen as dirtier, scarier, and a loser. He's a full grown man, after all. Somehow it is seen as his fault.\n\n & nbsp;\n\nI am not saying situation 2 does not happen to mentally ill women, it does - a lot, especially without a support system and/or in the US. Mentally ill women are more likely to get raped, etc. The world's treatment of the mentally ill is already abhorrent. I know this from personal experience. We're at least 100 years behind where we should be even in modern countries. When people try to get help, they are often put into semi religious-based facilities that drug them and negate their medical needs. When you add to that the fact that a man who expresses emotions (such as; vulnerability, hopelessness, weakness, fear, anxiety, dread, loneliness) or feels them strongly is a \"pussy\", a pressure from all sides towards men to be stoic, unspokenly discouraging them from seeking help, and a hormonal makeup that causes impulsivity, it is no wonder that men are killing themselves so frequently.",
"Men in America experience homelessness, depression, poverty, violence, unemployment, incarceration, PTSD, military disability. Loss of parental rights and experience workplace injury at far higher rates than women. This is a significant trend supported by data, and oftent times, flies in opposition to the argument about male privilege. ",
"There are many reasons, but two of the reasons that I know are part of the equation are:\n\nSuicide being successful versus suicide being unsuccessful. Men tend to choose more lethal methods to suicide than women do. While men are more likely to choose a gun right up the head, women are more likely to choose other forms where there is some likelihood of surviving (pills.) So while men are more likely to die due to a suicide attempt(of all ages,) women are more likely to survive one and to re-mediate based on the support system.\n\nThe support system for men tend to be different than it is for women. Times have changed where women are allowed to work and do many things men can, but the notion that men need to get it together to support a family/themselves puts great pressure to anyone who lose a job. There are still many sayings that are implied towards men (men don't cry, be strong, and etc.) These mental messages make it harder for men to seek help through their support system."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://youtu.be/zZuL_2hUaoI"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/2meirl4meirl/comments/4gwwq6/if_you_need_help_do_not_hesitate_to_seek_it/"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/1969/1/Durkheim,%20Emile%20-%20Suicide%20A%20Study%20in%20Sociology%202005.pdf"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://imgur.com/2y98XLC",
"http://i.imgur.com/ZaBwbCh.png",
"http://imgur.com/5oKjYcH",
"http://imgur.com/ytq1MaD",
"http://blog.okcupid.com/index.php/your-looks-and-online-dating/",
"http://imgur.com/V6ETOjX"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36116166"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_differences_in_suicide",
"https://afsp.org/about-suicide/suicide-statistics/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/p60-246.pdf"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"thecalmzone.net"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jan/21/suicide-gender-men-women-mental-health-nick-clegg"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
a0xn4w
|
what happens when our immune system makes us ”immune” to a disease. and how does it do it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a0xn4w/eli5_what_happens_when_our_immune_system_makes_us/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eal5tld",
"eal6dax"
],
"score": [
10,
7
],
"text": [
"The Immune System is incredibly complex, so there really is no ELI5 answer, but in essence you have special immune cells that are designed to recognize foreign/non-native molecules called \"antigens\". When these antigens are found, the immune cells latch on to the foreign cells and destroy them while simultaneously \"remembering\" the distinct characteristics of the antigen that it was exposed to so that when/if it sees it again, or another very similar antigen, the immune cells can kill it that much more easily. This ability for the immune system to \"learn\" is its greatest strength and is now being used to harness the same power to fight endemic genetic diseases like cancer. In fact, the most recent Noble Prize for medicine/physiology was given for this discovery. Former US President Jimmy Carter is probably the most famous patient to have used this immunoglobulin therapy to treat the melanoma which had spread to his brain.",
"Depends on the type of infection but here’s an example of one of your teams:\n1) The scavenger cells that catch the bad guy and identify what makes him different and unique. They show all that to the next guys\n2) The next guys take him out\n3) Another set of recruits waits for all the specs on the new bug and once they have their ID they “train” and proliferate so that the next time someone by that name with those features comes around these parts they can ID them quicker and more efficiently before you, the host, even gets symptoms\n\nVaccines are basically a dossier with all this information for the same process, but without ever having to see the bad guy alive and up close."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
4lthtv
|
if race cars are standardized how can one driver be better than another?
|
All cars being equal wouldn't all you'd have to know be the mechanics and the skill set required to drive. Once you master that, what else is there? I don't mean to be one of those people that bash the sport because all they do is turn left but... isn't that all they do? What else is there to driving I'm not getting besides trying to get in front on people and not crashing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4lthtv/eli5_if_race_cars_are_standardized_how_can_one/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d3q1cc5",
"d3q22xb",
"d3q2n6c",
"d3q2rz8"
],
"score": [
3,
9,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Not exactly. Knowing when to turn, how to do it, using the track to your advantage, taking appropriate pitt stops are all part of a good driver. Having a fast car doesn't mean you're in control of it. There's things like track condition, drafting, etc that come into play.",
"Because the race is about human ability not vehicle differences. \n\nKnowing when to turn, how to turn, when to gun it and when to hold back, etc. That is what racing is about. ",
"If all paintball guns are the same, how can one player be better than another?\n\nThere's lots of knowledge regarding how to precisely position your car relative to the others for the purposes of passing or drafting, how exactly to take each turn, when to pit stop, and you even need to be trying to guess what strategy the opponents are using so you can counteract it. There's several other threads around like [this one](_URL_0_) to explain more of the details.",
"You could say that about anything. Once you master the mechanics and skill of playing guitar, what else is there to learn?\n\nBut mastering the mechanics and skill of something sufficiently complex isn't easy. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/yt5ki/eli5_nascar_is_there_a_difference_in_the/"
],
[]
] |
|
3giug8
|
why is there a wind tunnel sound when you hold a shell, bottle cap, etc... up to your ear?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3giug8/eli5_why_is_there_a_wind_tunnel_sound_when_you/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ctyiqgw",
"ctyit3k"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Your blood rushing around. The object blocks out outside noise and amplifies the sound of the blood.",
"The sea goddess, matie!\n\nYarr, ye forgot yer searchin' duties, for ['twas asked by those what came before ye!](_URL_0_)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/search?restrict_sr=on&sort=relevance&t=all&q=shell%20sound"
]
] |
||
5rtnp9
|
how do different resolutions work?
|
Like, say you have a 1920x1080 pixels monitor. You play a 1920x1080p youtube video. All is well. Now you want to set it to a lower resolution. The way I can think of to do that, is to take four pixels in a square and take the average colour and brightness of that pixel and make that the same for all four. Now you've devided the amount of pixels in each dimention by two, so you have 960x540, unless im making a mistake here. So ELI5 how do you get 720p resolutions and other ones, and how do they translate to physical pixels in your screen, a number that doesnt change.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5rtnp9/eli5_how_do_different_resolutions_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dda014n",
"dda6sfy"
],
"score": [
29,
4
],
"text": [
"Imagine a grid of ~2M cells, going 1920 across and 1080 down. Now, make a grid of ~1M cells, going 1280 across and 720 down. Then, stretch the second grid uniformly until it's the same size as the first grid. For whatever cells overlap, you take the average color.",
"The key term you're looking for is \"Bilinear Interpolation\".\n\nYour 1080p video is broken into the pixels for x1...x1920 and y1...y1080.\n\nYour screen is broken into pixels coordinates a1...a1280 (though maybe other values) and b1...b720\n\n[In this picture](_URL_1_\n), each pixel (a,b) is coloured the sum of:\n\n * The colour value of the red dot (x2,y1) * (Area of red rectangle/area of the pixel)\n * The colour value of the green dot (x1,y1) * (Area of green rectangle/area of the pixel)\n * The colour value of the blue dot (x2,y2) * (Area of blue rectangle/area of the pixel)\n * The colour value of the yello dot (x1,y2) * (Area of yellow rectangle/area of the pixel)\n\nThis way, the result colour is proportional to the closeness of the neighbours.\n\nYou can do this process when scaling up, (low resolution to high resolution) and get blurry approximations of what we hope is in between based on our limited data. You can also scale down if you include the averages of entire pixels encompassed in the square.\n\nIt may be noted that older CRT monitors not operating in their Native Resolution would just [not draw certain lines every once in a while](_URL_0_) as a form of scaling.\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f7/Native-resolution_800x600_on_1024x768.JPG",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation#/media/File:Bilinear_interpolation_visualisation.svg"
]
] |
|
4x7djw
|
why do things around you seem to move very fast when you're tired, even though you're not moving?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4x7djw/eli5_why_do_things_around_you_seem_to_move_very/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d6d60k3"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"I believe this effect is caused because when your body is tried, your senses in a way slow down and become dulled, your not taking in as much detail as you are when your fully awake, making time seem to pass by quicker. Take for example, being fully aware and staring at a wall, time will pass by very slowly, your brain is in effect \"bored\" but fully aware of what is going on, now take sleeping, your not conscious and this in effect causes you to not feel time passing. This could explain why be tried (half-sleeping) causes time to appear to move faster. I am not an expert, but just making an observation from logic."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
99gucp
|
how does the cocktail shaker sort algorithm work?
|
& #x200B;
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/99gucp/eli5_how_does_the_cocktail_shaker_sort_algorithm/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e4nkesi"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"So basically it runs through a list of ranked elements. You usually want the higher ranks first in the list, so if it sees an element ranked lower then the next one down, it swaps them. It goes through the list in one direction, then once it reaches the end it goes back through the list in the other direction. It does this to avoid what are called \"turtles\", which is when an element in the beginning of the list has low rank. If the algorithm only went in one direction, the turtle would only trade places once for every iteration. Going backwards swaps the turtle every time it sees it until it is in its correct spot (somewhere in the bottom of the list). It's worth noting that, although it's a little faster than a bubble sort (which only goes in one direction) it is still pretty slow and not really used. There are far faster and more robust sorting algorithms out there. Cocktail shaker and bubble sort are mostly to teach people about sorting algorithms. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1qnaof
|
why is the "l" sound often mispronounced as "r" by certain asian people?
|
It's always an explanation that ive wanted to hear from a linguist or other expert.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qnaof/eli5_why_is_the_l_sound_often_mispronounced_as_r/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cdehwf2",
"cdehzn0",
"cdejkah",
"cdejr21",
"cdelbi1",
"cdemgpq",
"cdeq7am"
],
"score": [
15,
38,
5,
2,
11,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"_URL_0_\n\nIt's because their language does not really differentiate between the sounds and so they are not used to hearing or saying it.\n\nThere are many sounds in other languages that you would have trouble discerning and imitating for the same reason.",
"In Japanese, there is no \"L\". Hiragana and Katakana (basic writing systems, analogous to the English alphabet) have 40-something characters, most of which are one syllable consanant-vowel, like \"ka\" or \"re\". \n\nIn transliterating foreign language words, the letter \"L\" is most often written as \"R\", although it should be noted that the Japanese \"R\" sound is a soft one, not a hard one like in \"right\". \n\nSo, a word like \"Lana\" might get changed to ラナ, or \"RANA\". ",
"As others said it is because the phoneme doesn't exist in their languages. And that is not uncommon. No language uses all phonemes. It is rare for Romance languages to have the \"thorn,\" ie the sound that is represented by -th-. And English does not have the -lh- sound that Portuguese does.\n\nIt is fairly easy to pick up foreign phonemes as a child. But as you get older and older it becomes more difficult. It is difficult to recognize the sound... and more difficult to reproduce the sound. And in general adults tend to hear it as an alternate form of a phoneme that exists in their language. They don't hear L and R as completely unique sounds. Instead they hear L as an oddly accented form of R. And so they attempt to produce it by accenting R... which doesn't work... at least not to a native ear.",
"To expand on the other explanations, Because those languages don't natively have the L sound, Their tongues and/or mouths are not used to shaping that sound. Similar to 'J' in German being pronounced as 'Y' would be in English (Also a W pronounce as a V)",
"Such things are common in languages around the world. If a native speaker is introduced to a letter not found in their language, they tend to subconsciously associate it with the closest sounding letter.",
"In Japanese, their \"R\" sound is actually a combination of \"R\", \"L\" and \"D\". It's almost like the rolling of the R in Spanish, but not quite. Because of they actually have no native L sound in their language, everything becomes R, which is comical to native English speakers. Engrish is funny. ",
"Why can't many English speakers say, \"Ich liebe dich,\" without sounding like they're swearing? It's hard to say sounds that don't exist in your native language. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_speakers_learning_r_and_l"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
6dipnk
|
why does washing your hands (with soap) leave them feeling dry and chalky?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6dipnk/eli5_why_does_washing_your_hands_with_soap_leave/
|
{
"a_id": [
"di2xxnf"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"Soap is a detergent so it washes all the protective oils off of your skin for a bit. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
4j14g2
|
does cake cook faster if the temperature is more than what is prescribed?
|
Thanks guys!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4j14g2/eli5_does_cake_cook_faster_if_the_temperature_is/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d32r1iq",
"d32r2fm"
],
"score": [
15,
3
],
"text": [
"The outside of the cake does. Some things say 350 degrees for 30 minutes because it takes a long time to sufficiently warm up the center and cook all the way through. If you did 450 degrees for 20 minutes, the outside will get cooked quicker, but the center may not be able to heat up enough. Upping the temperature will speed up how quickly the outside of the thing warms up, but may not do the same for the center.\n\nIn short, upping the temperature and decreasing the time is a good way to get something under cooked in the center but burnt on the exterior.",
"yes and no\n\nyes - more heat will get into the cake faster\n\nno - it won't cook the way you want it to. using a high heat basically guarantees that the outer layer will cook faster than the inside (like rare steak). cooking at a lower temperature allows the batter to heat more evenly, which gives a good cake its consistency"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
23acpc
|
not trying to be crude but... how do porn stars with gaping anuses hold in their waste??
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23acpc/eli5_not_trying_to_be_crude_but_how_do_porn_stars/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cgv0x47",
"cgv1572",
"cgv1mdo",
"cgv3hu9",
"cgv4qiu",
"cgv7ecw",
"cgviatv"
],
"score": [
23,
3,
13,
7,
5,
18,
2
],
"text": [
"They have enemas prior to filming, hence why you never see any fecal matter. ",
"A sphincter says what?",
"The anal sphincter is a muscle. It can expand or contract, and typically it is contracted tight to keep waste in. The video just shows it relaxed.",
"I think he want's to know why(if?) their shit doesn't just fall out, considering the bum hole is so stretched out it doesn't really have that much control anymore.",
"Do you mean during filming, or in general? Before filming, they get enemas to keep things clean. In general, the anus is pretty good at snapping back to it's original size, but if you really stretch it out, it will be permanently disfigured. Those individuals need to start wearing diapers regularly.",
"As someone who has experimented a lot with putting large objects inside of myself and other people, I can tell you that the anus (and vagina) are more elastic than you think. That gaping part doesn't last long at all. Even the next day things are mostly back to normal. You'd be surprised at how tight an orifice you just had your whole hand in can be. ",
"Is the legend of retired porn star who did a lot of anal stuff are wearing diaper is true ?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
rr8ap
|
the dinosaur extinction
|
I am a grown up and all, but I still don't get it. Lets focus in this meteor theory. How a giant meteor crashes on the earth, killing EVERY SINGLE dinosaur? How about the other species, amphibian, other reptiles (like turtles) and etc? Why we think that only dinosaurs suffered from the meteor?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/rr8ap/eli5_the_dinosaur_extinction/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c47zyyv",
"c4800ti"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"It didn't kill them all - birds and modern reptiles are the descendants of the dinosaurs that survived. In fact, only [around 30% of the genera](_URL_0_) (the level above species) on Earth died out at that time. \n \nBut, put simply, dinosaurs were big, needed a lot of energy to survive, and were generally specialised as either carnivores or herbivores. When lots of species were dying off, including many plant species, the dinosaurs suffered more than other life forms, leaving smaller, more omnivorous animals behind to repopulate the planet.",
"Assuming the giant meteor theory is true (which, at this point, I think is a consensus):\n\nWhen a large object impacts the earth, it causes an explosion several times the size of the largest nuclear bomb created by man. This causes catastrophic damage across the earth: the area around the impact is vaporized and huge earthquakes are felt across the hemisphere of impact. If the meteor struck near an ocean, tsunamis will propagate throughout the ocean, causing more global damage.\n\nOn a multi-species level, however, these things are survivable. The real killer is the aftermath. An enormous amount of dust winds up in the atmosphere, blocking out the sun for an extended period of time. Climates change drastically. Lots of plants die off. In fact, over half of the plant species in North America went completely extinct. Some of the giant herbivores who thrived on abundant plant life die from starvation. The massive predators that once kept those populations in check finished off the dwindling populations into extinction. Those predators then went extinct without their primary food source. In other places, dinosaurs that were extremely specialized to their place and climate were less well suited for the drastic climate changes than more versatile mammals.\n\nNot every dinosaur went extinct. It's been shown that modern birds are the direct descendants of dinosaurs. Other groups of amphibians reptiles and lizards, aquatic and terrestrial, also went extinct on a catastrophic level, dinosaurs were not alone.\n\nEDIT: [Wikipedia source.](_URL_0_)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_extinction_event#Extinction_patterns"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_extinction_event"
]
] |
|
2444ju
|
why did so many stand up to sopa and pipa but recent net neutrality concerns seem to be ignored on reddit?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2444ju/eli5_why_did_so_many_stand_up_to_sopa_and_pipa/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ch3ea0k",
"ch3eg8n",
"ch3fctu",
"ch3fqiq",
"ch3gagl",
"ch3gg6o",
"ch3gika",
"ch3gmg8",
"ch3he3m",
"ch3ia2m",
"ch3iipq",
"ch3imo4",
"ch3ix2n",
"ch3jyyq",
"ch3kds7",
"ch3lqjb",
"ch3m17w",
"ch3m8b6",
"ch3n124"
],
"score": [
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11,
49,
5,
11,
2,
15,
5,
67,
3,
2,
9,
4,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"SOPA and PIPA could have effected internet use for people all around the world. But the US-net natality issue will only effect americans. And since reddit consist of millions of people from all around the world this dose not concern us.\n\nIt is actually only a couple of weeks ago that the EU passed a bill that enforces net neutrality by law to all in the EU. So for all the people in the EU at least this is not a concern at all.",
"we have to make noise about this \n\n_URL_0_",
"Articles regarding Net Neutrality have been near the top of the front page since the story broke. As for any mass action against it, it's only been a few days. It takes a while to spin these things up.",
"I'm not sure how accurate this claim is, my newsfeed had been jam packed with FCC news and such. On the other hand, there isn't a bunch of reddit sponsored banners everywhere. ",
"It's simple outrage fatigue, coupled with the fact that it's impossible to stop in america due to [Regulatory Capture](_URL_0_). The only hope of a free internet lies in other countries now.\n\n",
"I thi k people have just accepted that they are going to keep pushing shit down our throats until we are tired of fighting it. Kind of like a beat down porn star who has lost her dignity and gag reflex.",
"SOPA and PIPA were new laws that they were attempting to pass. People spoke out against the laws, and the laws didn't pass.\n\nNet Neutrality was an FCC policy over the internet that was determined by the courts to be illegal. The FCC has no jurisdiction over the Internet Service Providers because they are not defined as \"Common Carriers\" by the FCC. Therefore, they have no jurisdiction over them.\n\nSo, however people feel about the Net Neutrality policy the FCC was previously enforcing is immaterial, as the FCC, by its own admission, has no authority over the ISP's, as they are not \"Common Carriers\".\n\nIf people want a \"Net Neutrality\" law, then they'll have to vote to have one passed.",
"Yes why is an issue that seems to always have 10 posts on the front page constantly, ignored?\n\nThe irony is that there were people making these same kind of posts during the SOPA trends, complaining how no one was making noise.",
"SOPA and PIPA were acts that our elected officials were going to vote on. Ending Net Neutrality was something done by the FCC, which is not headed by an elected official. They have no fear about not being elected in the next term. There is very little, or nothing, that can be done directly to influence the ruling.\n\nThat said, you can contact the FCC about the issue at [email protected].",
"Desensitization. They'll keep pushing until we're so used to seeing it that we don't pay any attention or make a fuss any more. \n\nTypical politics.",
"The sharpest knife will be worn down with repeated use. \n\nWe're being worn down so as to no longer be able, nor care to, cut the bullshit before us. ",
"[Just to get evryone on the same level.](_URL_0_)",
"Nice loaded question you got there.",
"The same reason we don't talk much about Snowden and the NSA anymore even though all the programs brought to light are as intrusive as ever and still going strong.\n\nIt's an issue we know is wrong, but it has a nebulous effect on normal people. The average person is a little fatigued by all the news... news that doesn't really affect their daily lives. They aren't terrorists, so they don't care about being spied on. They aren't heavy downloaders, so they don't care about net neutrality. We see the big picture, so we know it won't end well, but people like us are are cynical, and we saw how nothing was done when the NSA leaks came about, and we saw how nothing was done when net neutrality was recently overturned in court, and we know the people in charge of the henhouse are the foxes. We know how unlikely it is to change.",
"Burnout, there is only so many times we can get fucked over and continue to get outraged about it.",
"When did ELI5 become \"This is my soapbox issue\"?",
"I'm surprised no one has mentioned internet fatigue yet. I think that is the biggest factor. Basically, the people of the internet and their short attention span can only rally behind an issue for so long before they get bored and fatigue sets in. A little known example of this is the support behind the second internet blackout day. Didn't hear about that? Exactly.",
"Because it's not on the frontpage, and people only post pictures depicting jokes and humor on here. People, mostly teenagers, don't research this enough to care.",
"because mods censor subreddits?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.savetheinternet.com/sti-home"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_capture"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/eMVJwYZ.jpg"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
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