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[
"Krombacher Brauerei",
"headquarters location",
"Kreuztal"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Krombacher Brauerei<\e1> and <e2>Kreuztal<\e2>.
Location
Krombach is a suburb of Kreuztal near Siegen, a city in a part of Germany called Siegerland, a part of North Rhine-Westphalia. The small town of Krombach is located at the foot of the Rothaargebirge.
|
headquarters location
| 26,377 | 58,073 |
[
"Warsteiner",
"headquarters location",
"Warstein"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Warsteiner<\e1> and <e2>Warstein<\e2>.
Warsteiner (German pronunciation: [ˈvaːɐ̯ʃtaɪnɐ, ˈvaʁ-]) beer is brewed in the Arnsberg Forest Nature Park outside of Warstein, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Warsteiner has been owned by the Cramer family since 1753. Warsteiner is Germany's largest privately owned brewery; its best selling beer is Warsteiner Premium Verum.Warsteiner ranks fifth among Germany's best selling breweries.History
According to Inc Magazine, "In 1753, the farmer Antonius Cramer from the town of Warstein, Germany [laid] the foundation for a German beer dynasty."
The earliest mention of the brewing company is a tax record from 1753, when Antonius Cramer paid 1 thaler, 19 guilders on beer he brewed and sold himself.
His son Johannes Vitus followed in his footsteps and brought the selling of home-brewed beer into his house, in the heart of Warstein. His company benefited from its central location. However, in 1802 a devastating fire left Warstein in ruins and ashes - the business of the Cramers fell victim to the flames.
At the same time, they rebuilt their house as a guest accommodation and became through the establishment of the St. Pancras Church the centre of the town.
The headquarters of the Warsteiner Brewery, the Domschänke, still stands today in the historic core of Warstein.
Breweries in the Rhine valley were bombed during World War II, and the Warstein brewery sustained some damage.Warsteiner Premium Verum
Premium Verum, a pilsener style beer, is Warsteiner's flagship beer, and is exported to over 60 countries. The alcohol content is 4.8%.Warsteiner Premium Dunkel
Premium Dunkel is Warsteiner's second most popular beer. Dunkel is a traditional style, dark beer with an alcohol content of 4.8%.
|
headquarters location
| 26,380 | 58,077 |
[
"Bitburger Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Bitburg"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Bitburger Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Bitburg<\e2>.
Bitburger Brewery (Bitburger Brauerei Th. Simon GmbH) is a large German brewery headquartered in Bitburg, Rhineland-Palatinate. Founded in 1817 by Johann Wallenborn, its beer is the third best-selling beer in Germany, and the nation's number one draft beer (Deutschlands Fassbiermarke Nr. 1).It had sales of 3.8 million hectolitres (3.2 million US beer barrels) in 2015.
|
headquarters location
| 26,382 | 58,083 |
[
"Hook Norton Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Hook Norton"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Hook Norton Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Hook Norton<\e2>.
History
The brewery was founded in 1849 in Hook Norton, Oxfordshire and was designed as a 'tower' brewery in which all the stages of the brewing process flow logically from floor to floor. Until 2006, the brewing process was powered by steam. However, the historic Victorian steam engine (dating from 1899) is still in the brewery. It is run weekly for visitors.
Beer is also still delivered in the village by horse-drawn dray.
|
headquarters location
| 26,390 | 58,097 |
[
"Baltic Beverages Holding",
"owned by",
"Carlsberg Group"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Baltic Beverages Holding<\e1> and <e2>Carlsberg Group<\e2>.
Baltic Beverages Holding is a brewing company owned by Carlsberg Group. It is a significant operator in the brewing industry in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic countries and Kazakhstan, most notably holding a stake in Baltika Breweries.
|
owned by
| 26,391 | 58,098 |
[
"Baltika Breweries",
"headquarters location",
"Saint Petersburg"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Baltika Breweries<\e1> and <e2>Saint Petersburg<\e2>.
Baltika Brewery (Russian: Пивоваренная компания "Балтика") is the second largest brewing company in Europe and the leader of the Russian beer market with over 38% market share. It is headquartered in St. Petersburg and part owned by the Baltic Beverages Holding.
The Baltika brand was one of the two Russian brands (together with Lukoil) included in the Financial Times Top100 Most Valuable Global Brands list in 2007. However, Baltika was not included on the list in 2009. Baltika is one of the top three brands in the Interbrand Best Global Brands 2012 report.
|
headquarters location
| 26,392 | 58,100 |
[
"Bavaria – St. Pauli Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Hamburg"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Bavaria – St. Pauli Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Hamburg<\e2>.
Bavaria – St. Pauli Brewery (Bavaria - St. Pauli - Brauerei AG) was a German brewery founded in 1922 from the merger of Bavaria Brauerei AG (founded 1897) and St. Pauli Actien-Brauerei (founded 1862) in Hamburg. Its brands are now brewed by Holsten.History
Founded in 1922 from the merger of two older breweries, Bavaria - St. Pauli bought up a dozen North German breweries until Brau und Brunnen bought the brewery in 1994, merging it with Elbschloss-Brauerei GmbH.
In January 1998 the city of Hamburg bought the brewery as it was under threat of closure. In December 1998 Hamburg sold the brewery on to Holsten, the city's other major brewer, who closed the brewery in 2003. The former Bavaria-St. Pauli brewery building has since been demolished.
|
headquarters location
| 26,394 | 58,102 |
[
"Rochefort Brewery",
"owned by",
"Rochefort Abbey"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Rochefort Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Rochefort Abbey<\e2>.
Brewery
The earliest mention of a brewery at the Trappist monastery of Rochefort Abbey dates from 1595. The abbey and its brewery were closed in 1794. The abbey was re-established in 1887 and the brewery was re-established in 1899. Around fifteen monks currently live at Rochefort Abbey.
The water for the beer is drawn from a well inside the monastery walls. Rochefort uses Pilsener and Munich-type malts, and Hallertau and Golding hops.
|
owned by
| 26,396 | 58,105 |
[
"Cervecería Polar",
"headquarters location",
"Caracas"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Cervecería Polar<\e1> and <e2>Caracas<\e2>.
Empresas Polar is a Venezuelan corporation that started as a brewery, founded in 1941 by Lorenzo Alejandro Mendoza Fleury, Juan Simon Mendoza, Rafael Lujan and Karl Eggers in Antímano "La Planta de Antimano", Caracas. It is the largest and best known brewery in Venezuela, but has since long diversified to an array of industries, mostly related to food processing and packaging, also covering markets abroad.Products
Original line
Production of Cerveza Polar, a 5% abv lager began during the 1940s, and eventually, the company grew into the largest beer producing company in Venezuela, producing also Solera, Solera Light, Polar Light, Polar Ice, Polar Zero and Polar Zilch. The name comes from the polar bear, whose image is imprinted on the beer bottles. Maltin Polar “energia natural y full sabor”, is another of their most famous products, a Malta, similar to a nonalcoholic ale style beer, suited for all ages.
|
headquarters location
| 26,397 | 58,106 |
[
"Mahou-San Miguel Group",
"headquarters location",
"Madrid"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Mahou-San Miguel Group<\e1> and <e2>Madrid<\e2>.
History
In 1890, Enrique, Luis, and Carolina, the children of a French entrepreneur born in Lorraine, founded Hijos de Casimiro Mahou in Madrid. The French surname was to become the flagship name of one of Spain's most famous beers.
Mahou beer was first produced at the brewery on Amaniel Street, Madrid in 1891. Casimiro Mahou García played an active role in founding the Association of Beer Producers in 1922, of which he was appointed chairman. After the death of Casimiro Mahou García in 1943, his son Alfredo Mahou de la Fuente assumed responsibility for the company.
The shareholders of La Segarra signed the "Manila Agreement" in 1953 with the Chairman of the San Miguel Corporation of the Philippines, Andrés Soriano. The agreement granted a branding rights for San Miguel Spain. A new Spanish brewery was born, bearing the name of La Segarra, S.A., independent of its Philippine parent company. La Segarra would later change its name in 1957 to San Miguel, Fábricas de Cerveza y Malta, S.A. and produced its first bottle of San Miguel Especial at its Lerida brewery. That same year the company, Hijos de Casimiro Mahou became Mahou, S.A..
|
headquarters location
| 26,402 | 58,113 |
[
"Birra Korça",
"headquarters location",
"Korçë"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Birra Korça<\e1> and <e2>Korçë<\e2>.
Birra Korça is a brewing company, founded in Korçë, Albania, in 1928. The company is a subsidiary of IHB group since 2004. It is the third largest beer producer in Albania.History
Birra Korça is the first beer brewed in Albania. The brewery was established in the town of Korçë, Albania, in 1928. It was founded by an Italian investor Umberto Umberti and Selim Mboria a local investor. The initial capital for the company was 950,000 francs. The initial production capacity was 20,000 Hl per year. It produced Blonde Ale Beer, Dark ale, bottled water “Kristal” and ice.
|
headquarters location
| 26,404 | 58,117 |
[
"Birra Korça",
"owned by",
"Irfan Hysenbelliu"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Birra Korça<\e1> and <e2>Irfan Hysenbelliu<\e2>.
Birra Korça is a brewing company, founded in Korçë, Albania, in 1928. The company is a subsidiary of IHB group since 2004. It is the third largest beer producer in Albania.After the end of World War II and with the establishment of the communist regime in Albania on January 11, 1946, the brewery became property of the Albanian State, according to the laws of the time. Several reconstructions and renovations were done in the years 1955, 1957 and 1965 and the production was gradually increased. In April 1994 following the change in the political climate, as well as economic downturn, political and social unrest, followed by the liberalization of the market, in Albania the brewery was sold in auction and was bought by a group of businessmen.
In 2004 the brewery was bought by the businessman Irfan Hysenbelliu the president of “Birra Korça LLC”. Soon after this a 15 million euro (€) investment was made to renovate and renew the factory. Since then the brewery has undergone a deep technological and architectural reconstruction. The traditional design has been preserved by adding new elements of the same style. Using the latest Czech and Italian technology it brews 120,000 hectoliters of beer annually, ten times the output of the old brewery. The water comes from natural springs of Morava Mountain. Birra Korca holds an annual beerfest during the month of August which is the biggest in the region.
|
owned by
| 26,405 | 58,119 |
[
"Würzburger Hofbräu",
"founded by",
"Johann Philipp von Schönborn"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Würzburger Hofbräu<\e1> and <e2>Johann Philipp von Schönborn<\e2>.
The Würzburg Hofbräu is the only brewery in Würzburg, Germany. It was founded in 1643 by the Franconian Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp von Schönborn and is deeply rooted in the region of Lower Franconia. At that time there were many Swedish soldiers in Würzburg, who had emptied most of the wine stores of the city. Therefore Prince Bishop Johann Philipp von Schönborn founded the brewery. Since the brewery was a good source of income, it was also supported by his successor bishops.
In memory of the founder of the brewery the crown of the prince bishop decorates the brewery logo. The slogan of the Würzburg Hofbräuhaus, "Enjoy under a lucky star," refers to this.
During the 19th Century, the Würzburg Hofbräuhaus became an internationally active company. It exported in 1887 as one of the first German breweries in the United States. As of 2011 it exports to buyers of brewery products in the United States, Italy and China. The Würzburg Hofbräuhaus is primarily a regional brewery in Lower Franconia.
Since 1993 the brewery was technically modernized and expanded in subsequent years through strategic acquisitions. In 1999, the takeover of the royal brewery Wächstersbach and Wernerbräu GmbH 2011 Lohrer was feeding the brewery, which today is called Tusker beer GmbH. Since 2005, the Würzburg Hofbräuhaus GmbH is owned by the Kulmbacher Brewery, a subsidiary of Brau Holding International.
|
founded by
| 26,406 | 58,120 |
[
"König Ludwig Schlossbrauerei",
"headquarters location",
"Fürstenfeldbruck"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>König Ludwig Schlossbrauerei<\e1> and <e2>Fürstenfeldbruck<\e2>.
The König Ludwig GmbH & Co. KG Schlossbrauerei Kaltenberg is a brewery in Fürstenfeldbruck, Upper Bavaria, Germany. Their slogan, "Bier von königlicher Hoheit", or "Beer of royal highness", refers to the brewery's heritage which can be traced back through the Kingdom of Bavaria, long associated with beer and brewing. The current proprietor, Prince Luitpold of the House of Wittelsbach, is the great-grandson of the last King of Bavaria, Ludwig III, and by extent a descendant of the original signatories of the 1516 Bavarian Purity Law, and Ludwig I, whose wedding celebration marked the first Oktoberfest.History
The House of Wittelsbach is known to have owned a brewery by 1260. 32 years later, Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria built Schloss Kaltenberg, which houses part of the brewery's facilities today. The brewery as it exists today was opened in 1870.
In 1980, Marthabräu brewery in Fürstenfeldbruck was purchased, where the company administration is now located and where a large part of its production takes place. In 2001, Prince Luitpold entered into a 50/50 joint partnership with Warsteiner. A smaller brewery in Holzkirchen was also integrated into the company in 2007, and a joint-venture established with Postbrauerei in Thannhausen.
As of 2004, production was up to 340,000 hectoliters annually, of which 100,000 are produced at the brewery's Schloss Kaltenberg facilities. Much of the international production takes place under licence in the United Kingdom, Sweden, India, Indonesia and Croatia under the Kaltenberg brand.
|
headquarters location
| 26,409 | 58,123 |
[
"Dinkelacker",
"headquarters location",
"Stuttgart"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Dinkelacker<\e1> and <e2>Stuttgart<\e2>.
Dinkelacker is a brand of German beer brewed in Stuttgart, Germany.
The Dinkelacker brewery was founded by Carl Dinkelacker in Stuttgart's Tübinger Straße in 1888. The company still brews at that location. By the end of the 19th century Dinkelacker was the largest brewery in Stuttgart.Dinkelacker is German for "field of spelt".
|
headquarters location
| 26,410 | 58,128 |
[
"Pinkus Müller",
"headquarters location",
"Münster"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Pinkus Müller<\e1> and <e2>Münster<\e2>.
Pinkus Müller is a German brewery based in the Northern Germany town of Münster. The Pinkus-Müller brewery traces its origins to the arrival of Johannes Müller (1792–1870) in Münster from his hometown of Hildebrandshausen in 1816. After marrying Friederika Cramer they opened a bakery and a brewery. In 1866 the bakery was closed and a malthouse was opened instead. In the following hundred years the brewery and the pub were expanded. In 1993 a bottling plant was opened in the neighbouring city of Laer. It is the only brewery left in Münster from the original 150 breweries.
|
headquarters location
| 26,412 | 58,133 |
[
"Neuzeller Kloster Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Neuzelle"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Neuzeller Kloster Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Neuzelle<\e2>.
The Neuzelle Cloister Brewery (Neuzeller Klosterbräu) is located in Neuzelle, Germany, and is best known for its Neuzeller "Anti-Aging-Bier".
Helmut Fritsche purchased the Neuzeller brewery in 1992, which has been producing beer commercially for over 400 years, and is situated on the grounds of a 12th-century Catholic monastery, Neuzelle Abbey.
The "Anti-Aging-Bier", which, in addition to the four cardinal ingredients of beer, adds spirulina and flavonoids in order to, supposedly, increase health and longevity, was first marketed in February 2004, and claims to have double the anti-oxidant effect of other beers. However, the German Beer Brewers' Association is not entirely willing to label these drinks beers, as their contents differ from those original Reinheitsgebot ingredients.
In 2004, the brewery was ordered to cease production of their product "Schwarzer Abt" or face a $25,000 fine, because the drink contained added sugar syrup it was in conflict with the beer purity law. The brewery had been brewing the dark beer with sugar syrup in East Germany, which had been allowed under East Germany's permissive brewing laws. The brewery had not explicitly labelled it as beer, but as "A Specialty Made From Schwarzbier, With Invert Sugar Syrup Added Afterward". In 2003, the brewery changed the labelling to simply read "Schwarzbier". In 2005, a German court upheld the brewery's challenge to purity laws and allowed the brewery to add sugar syrup to "Schwarzer Abt" and label it as beer, ending the 10 year legal battle.The brewery also produces a locally successful Schwarzbier, Pilsner, Bock, cherry beer, energy beer, a beer specifically developed for bathing, and a berry-flavored soda used in making a Potsdamer.
|
headquarters location
| 26,413 | 58,136 |
[
"Black Sheep Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Masham"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Black Sheep Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Masham<\e2>.
The Black Sheep Brewery is a brewery in Masham, North Yorkshire, England.History
The Black Sheep Brewery was established by Paul Theakston in 1991. Following a successful launch as a Business Expansion Scheme, it became a public limited company (plc) in 1992. Theakston had been managing director of Theakston Brewery, also in Masham, since 1968. He began at the age of 23, taking over from his father, Frank Theakston.
The Theakston Brewery was acquired by Matthew Brown following disagreements between members of the family and other shareholders. Scottish & Newcastle acquired Matthew Brown in 1987. Theakston left in 1988, and after a hiatus of more than a year purchased the North Yorkshire Malt Roasting Company, originally part of the former Lightfoot's brewery site, from an animal feed company, in order to start a new brewery in Masham.
Theakston wanted to use the Lightfoot name to bring back an old brewing tradition, but Scottish and Newcastle had already trademarked the name. The association of Masham with sheep led Theakston to come up with the name "Sheep Brewery" which became "Black Sheep" at his wife's suggestion. Much of the original brewing equipment came from the former Hartley's Brewery in Cumbria, whilst the slate Yorkshire squares and the yeast strain, in use since at least the early 1920s, came from the recently closed Hardys & Hansons brewery in Nottingham.Black Sheep Best Bitter was first sold at the Bruce Arms in Masham.
The brewery produces a range of well-hopped bitters, to distinguish itself from Theakston's range of fruity and yeasty beers. The brewery quickly became successful, and now produces over 75,000 barrels a year. The brewery has capitalised on its popularity by converting unused parts of the original maltings into a visitors centre from which tours of the brewery are conducted. In 1996, it served as host to an episode of the Two Fat Ladies cooking programme which was broadcast the following year.
For the first 15 years it paid its shareholders, including many real ale enthusiasts, steadily rising dividends. However it has since been forced to retrench, and has paid no dividend for several years. It is one of the largest shareholdings of the CAMRA Members' Investment Club. On 2 May 2023 the company announced that it was to go into administration as it lacked the cashflow needed to survive increased costs since the COVID pandemic.In 2008, the brewery launched Draught Golden Sheep, a blonde cask beer with a citrus-hop flavour. It remains a seasonal brew. This, like all Black Sheep beers and indeed the brewing plant itself was created by Paul Ambler, Head Brewer since 1992 and later Operations Director. Paul Ambler has now retired. Comments Paul Theakston, "Over the years, Paul Ambler has been a fierce champion of the quality of our beer, which is the keystone of our success". Nevertheless, a growing share of its sales is in on-cask form.
All bottled beers brewed by the Black Sheep Brewery are suitable for both vegetarians and vegans.
|
headquarters location
| 26,414 | 58,138 |
[
"Wernesgrüner",
"headquarters location",
"Wernesgrün"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Wernesgrüner<\e1> and <e2>Wernesgrün<\e2>.
The Wernesgrüner Brewery or Wernesgrüner Brauerei GmbH is a brewery in Steinberg-Wernesgrün, Saxony, Germany.
|
headquarters location
| 26,416 | 58,145 |
[
"Brasserie d'Achouffe",
"headquarters location",
"Achouffe"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Brasserie d'Achouffe<\e1> and <e2>Achouffe<\e2>.
The Brasserie d'Achouffe is a Belgian brewery based in Achouffe. It was founded in 1982 by two brothers-in-law, Pierre Gobron and Christian Bauweraerts, as a hobby. In September 2006, the brewery was sold to the Duvel Moortgat brewery group.
|
headquarters location
| 26,418 | 58,148 |
[
"Brasserie d'Achouffe",
"owned by",
"Duvel Moortgat Brewery"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Brasserie d'Achouffe<\e1> and <e2>Duvel Moortgat Brewery<\e2>.
The Brasserie d'Achouffe is a Belgian brewery based in Achouffe. It was founded in 1982 by two brothers-in-law, Pierre Gobron and Christian Bauweraerts, as a hobby. In September 2006, the brewery was sold to the Duvel Moortgat brewery group.History
In the late 1970s, the two brothers-in-law, Pierre Gobron and Chris Bauweraerts, decided to create their own beer, in their own brewery. On the 27th of August 1982, with less than €5,000, they made the first 49-litre mash tub. Based on the legend of the Ardennes, a gnome was chosen as the company logo of the brewery. At first seen as a hobby, the Achouffe Brewery developed to such an extent that one after the other, Pierre and Chris decided work on it full time. They then decided to expand to the Netherlands. Drinkers who regularly enjoy the beer can usually be recognized by their 'Chouffewillo hat'. The annual La Grande Choufferie party, on the 2nd weekend of August, celebrates the birth of the Chouffe beer, in a convivial and musical atmosphere. In the late summer of 2006, Duvel Moortgat Brewery purchased the brewery.
|
owned by
| 26,417 | 58,151 |
[
"Brau Holding International",
"owned by",
"Schörghuber Unternehmensgruppe"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Brau Holding International<\e1> and <e2>Schörghuber Unternehmensgruppe<\e2>.
Brau Holding International GmbH & Co. KGaA is a holding company for several breweries in Germany. It is the sixth largest holding company of breweries in Germany, with a total production volume of 4.5 million hectolitres (3,800,000 US bbl) in 2014.It was founded in 2002 and is owned by Schörghuber Unternehmensgruppe.
|
owned by
| 26,419 | 58,154 |
[
"Ayinger Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Aying"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Ayinger Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Aying<\e2>.
Ayinger Brewery ( EYE-ing-gər; German: Brauerei Aying) is in Aying, Bavaria, Germany, about 25 km south of Munich. Ayinger beers are exported to Italy, the United States, and the rest of Europe.
|
headquarters location
| 26,421 | 58,157 |
[
"Pilsner Urquell Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Plzeň"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Pilsner Urquell Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Plzeň<\e2>.
Plzeňský Prazdroj, a. s. (pronounced [ˈpl̩zɛɲskiː ˈprazdroj a ˈɛs]), known in English as the Pilsner Urquell Brewery, is a Czech brewery opened in 1842 and headquartered in Plzeň, Czech Republic. It was the first brewery to produce pale lager, branded as Pilsner Urquell, which became so popular and was so much copied that more than two-thirds of the beer produced in the world today is pale lager, sometimes named pils, pilsner and pilsener after Pilsner Urquell. The brewery name, Pilsner Urquell, which can be roughly translated into English as "the original source at Pilsen", was adopted as a trademark in 1898. Pilsner Urquell is the largest producer and exporter of beer in the Czech Republic.The brewery was part of the SABMiller group of companies (at first South African Breweries) from 1999 to 2017. As part of the agreements made with regulators before Anheuser-Busch InBev was allowed to acquire SABMiller in October 2016, Pilsner Urquell (excluding certain geographical areas) was sold to Japan-based Asahi Breweries in March 2017.
|
headquarters location
| 26,423 | 58,160 |
[
"Carling Brewery",
"owned by",
"Molson Coors Brewing Company"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Carling Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Molson Coors Brewing Company<\e2>.
The Carling Brewery was founded in 1840 by Thomas Carling at London in Upper Canada (now Ontario, Canada). In 1952, Carling lager was first sold in the United Kingdom, and in the early 1980s, it became the UK's most popular beer brand (by volume sold). The company changed hands numerous times – it was acquired by Canadian Breweries, which was eventually renamed Carling O'Keefe, which merged with the Molson Brewery, which then merged with Coors to form Molson Coors.History
The origin of Carling dates back to 1818, when Thomas Carling, a farmer from the English county of Yorkshire, and his family settled in Upper Canada, at what is now the city of London, Ontario. He brewed an ale which became popular, and eventually took up brewing full-time. The first Carling brewery had two kettles, a horse to turn the grinding mill and six men to work on the mash tubs, and Carling sold his beer from a wheelbarrow on the streets of London, Ontario.In 1840, Carling began a small brewing operation in London, selling beer to soldiers at the local camp. In 1878, his sons, John and William, built a five-storey brewery in London, which was destroyed by fire within four years of opening, on 13 February 1879. William Carling, the firm's senior partner and technical leader, died of pneumonia contracted after helping to fight the fire. The remaining partners carried on without him. John Carling died in 1911, and the company changed hands numerous times thereafter.
In 1927, Carling offered a $25,000 prize for the first flight from London, Ontario, to London, England. The challenge was taken up by Capt. Terry Tully and Lt. James Medcalf in a Stinson Detroiter monoplane named Sir John Carling. They took off on 1 September 1927, from London, Ontario, and reached Newfoundland, but disappeared over the North Atlantic.Carling merged with the Brewing Corporation of Ontario (BCO) in 1930. BCO launched Carling in the US in 1932 through a joint venture and acquired Toronto's O'Keefe Brewery in 1934. BCO became Canadian Breweries (CBL) in 1937. Under the leadership of president E. P. Taylor, CBL grew Carling into a Canadian national brand through the purchase of numerous other breweries across Canada, several of which were converted to brew Carling and O'Keefe brands and Carling Red Cap became the most popular brand of beer in Ontario in the 1960s. (Alcohol sale is regulated differently by each Canadian province, not on a nation-wide basis.) The brand later disappeared from the market and was unsuccessfully revived in 1994.Carling brands entered the UK market in a joint venture between CBL and British brewers in 1952. The joint venture eventually became Bass Charington, the largest brewer in the UK. After CBL was sold to Rothmans in 1969, it was renamed Carling O'Keefe in 1973. In 1989, Carling O'Keefe merged with Molson, which merged in 2005 with Coors to form the Molson Coors Brewing Company. Molson Coors has continued to brew and sell Carling Black Label across Canada.
|
owned by
| 26,426 | 58,164 |
[
"Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Monterrey"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Monterrey<\e2>.
Breweries
The company operates plants in Monterrey, Tecate, Navojoa, Guadalajara, Toluca, Orizaba and for 2012 one in Chihuahua.
The company has an annual production of 3.09 gigalitres (26,330,000 US beer barrels; 18,880,000 imperial barrels).Beers
The company produces several types of pale and dark lagers, some of which are available only in Mexico.
|
headquarters location
| 26,428 | 58,166 |
[
"Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery",
"owned by",
"Heineken"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Heineken<\e2>.
Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma (Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma / Heineken México) (English: Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery) is a major brewery based in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, founded in 1890. It is a subsidiary of Heineken International.
The company operates brewing plants in Monterrey, Guadalajara, Toluca, Tecate, Orizaba, Navojoa and, beginning in 2017, Meoqui. The plants produce, among other brands, Dos Equis, Sol, Bohemia, Superior, Carta Blanca, Noche Buena, Indio, Casta and Tecate. It has an annual production of 3.09 Gl (gigalitres).
|
owned by
| 26,427 | 58,167 |
[
"Compañía Cervecera de Puerto Rico",
"headquarters location",
"Mayagüez"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Compañía Cervecera de Puerto Rico<\e1> and <e2>Mayagüez<\e2>.
The Compañía Cervecera de Puerto Rico (formerly known as Cervecería India) is a large brewery in Puerto Rico. It is located in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. The company's main brand is Medalla Light.History
The company was founded on November 2, 1937 by the brothers Valdés Cobián: Alfonso, Sabino and Ramón Valdés Cobián, in Mayagüez, the largest city on the west coast of Puerto Rico. The Valdés brothers were following the example of their father, Don Ramon Valdés, who had founded the Mayagüez Light, Power and Ice Company in 1910. In 1938, their first beer, Cerveza India, was released to the public. The company competed with two other native beer breweries, "Real" and "Cerveceria Corona" (Cerveceria Corona de Puerto Rico "subsequently sold its trademark rights to Cervecería Modelo de México, which then launched Cerveza Corona as Modelo's Corona Extra)." Alfonso, as chairman and president, successfully led his company converting it into Puerto Rico's largest beer brewery and manufacturer of canned and bottled soft drinks.
|
headquarters location
| 26,430 | 58,169 |
[
"Compañía Cervecera de Puerto Rico",
"founded by",
"Alfonso Valdés Cobián"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Compañía Cervecera de Puerto Rico<\e1> and <e2>Alfonso Valdés Cobián<\e2>.
History
The company was founded on November 2, 1937 by the brothers Valdés Cobián: Alfonso, Sabino and Ramón Valdés Cobián, in Mayagüez, the largest city on the west coast of Puerto Rico. The Valdés brothers were following the example of their father, Don Ramon Valdés, who had founded the Mayagüez Light, Power and Ice Company in 1910. In 1938, their first beer, Cerveza India, was released to the public. The company competed with two other native beer breweries, "Real" and "Cerveceria Corona" (Cerveceria Corona de Puerto Rico "subsequently sold its trademark rights to Cervecería Modelo de México, which then launched Cerveza Corona as Modelo's Corona Extra)." Alfonso, as chairman and president, successfully led his company converting it into Puerto Rico's largest beer brewery and manufacturer of canned and bottled soft drinks.
|
founded by
| 26,431 | 58,170 |
[
"Molson Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Montreal"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Molson Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Montreal<\e2>.
The Molson Brewery is a Canadian-based brewery based in Montreal and was established in 1786 by the Molson family. In 2005, Molson merged with the Adolph Coors Company to become Molson Coors.Molson Coors maintains some of its Canadian operations at the site of Molson's first brewery located on the Saint Lawrence River in Montreal.History
Founded in 1786, the Molson Brewery is the oldest brewery in North America and continues to produce beer on the original brewery site.On May 2, 1782, at 18, John Molson left England for Canada, landing in Montreal on June 26. Shortly after his arrival, he began working at the Thomas Loyd brewery, which he went on to purchase at an auction in 1784. Not long after his arrival in Montreal in 1782, Molson sensed the market potential for beer in the British colony. Prices for wine, rum, and port were rising and an influx of English and Irish immigrants were particularly partial to beer. When he came of legal age, Molson used the money inherited from his parents to acquire a small brewery housed in a wooden building on the shores of the St Lawrence, just outside the fortifications of the burgeoning City of Montreal.In 1785, he temporarily closed his business to cross the Atlantic for modern equipment and ingredients. Upon his return, he offered the seeds free of charge to neighboring Montreal farmers, who agreed to grow them to satisfy the brewery's need for malt. In 1786, just six weeks after taking the helm, Molson delivered his first brew, an ale. Priced at five cents a bottle, his brew sold well.Molson took advantage of the many business opportunities available at the time. He quickly diversified his investments, opened a lumber yard, and began issuing loans to local Montreal merchants. In 1816, the family enterprise began to take shape when founder John Molson entered into an association with his three sons, John Jr., Thomas and William.Although brewing proved to be Molson's most sustainable field of endeavor, other activities were added throughout the company's lengthy history. Molson was the first company to own and operate a fleet of steamboats, which were used to transport people and goods between Quebec and Ontario. John Molson and his sons also founded the Molson Bank, which later merged with the Bank of Montreal.
In 1816, John Molson formed a partnership with his three sons – John, Thomas, and William. It was Thomas who would eventually follow in his father's footsteps by continuing the Molson brewing tradition and upholding high standards of quality. In 1903, inspired by the popularity of imported beers, Thomas’ grandson Herbert Molson and brewmaster John Hyde created Molson Export, an authentic ale brewed in the classic style, developed by John Molson.The Molson family were pioneers in steamships and hospitality, assisted with the Montreal General Hospital, were patrons of McGill University and the arts, and until 1925, were involved in banking through Molson Bank which merged with the Bank of Montreal.
|
headquarters location
| 26,434 | 58,176 |
[
"Molson Brewery",
"founded by",
"John Molson"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Molson Brewery<\e1> and <e2>John Molson<\e2>.
History
Founded in 1786, the Molson Brewery is the oldest brewery in North America and continues to produce beer on the original brewery site.On May 2, 1782, at 18, John Molson left England for Canada, landing in Montreal on June 26. Shortly after his arrival, he began working at the Thomas Loyd brewery, which he went on to purchase at an auction in 1784. Not long after his arrival in Montreal in 1782, Molson sensed the market potential for beer in the British colony. Prices for wine, rum, and port were rising and an influx of English and Irish immigrants were particularly partial to beer. When he came of legal age, Molson used the money inherited from his parents to acquire a small brewery housed in a wooden building on the shores of the St Lawrence, just outside the fortifications of the burgeoning City of Montreal.In 1785, he temporarily closed his business to cross the Atlantic for modern equipment and ingredients. Upon his return, he offered the seeds free of charge to neighboring Montreal farmers, who agreed to grow them to satisfy the brewery's need for malt. In 1786, just six weeks after taking the helm, Molson delivered his first brew, an ale. Priced at five cents a bottle, his brew sold well.Molson took advantage of the many business opportunities available at the time. He quickly diversified his investments, opened a lumber yard, and began issuing loans to local Montreal merchants. In 1816, the family enterprise began to take shape when founder John Molson entered into an association with his three sons, John Jr., Thomas and William.Although brewing proved to be Molson's most sustainable field of endeavor, other activities were added throughout the company's lengthy history. Molson was the first company to own and operate a fleet of steamboats, which were used to transport people and goods between Quebec and Ontario. John Molson and his sons also founded the Molson Bank, which later merged with the Bank of Montreal.
In 1816, John Molson formed a partnership with his three sons – John, Thomas, and William. It was Thomas who would eventually follow in his father's footsteps by continuing the Molson brewing tradition and upholding high standards of quality. In 1903, inspired by the popularity of imported beers, Thomas’ grandson Herbert Molson and brewmaster John Hyde created Molson Export, an authentic ale brewed in the classic style, developed by John Molson.The Molson family were pioneers in steamships and hospitality, assisted with the Montreal General Hospital, were patrons of McGill University and the arts, and until 1925, were involved in banking through Molson Bank which merged with the Bank of Montreal.
|
founded by
| 26,435 | 58,179 |
[
"Dubuisson Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Pipaix"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Dubuisson Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Pipaix<\e2>.
The Dubuisson Brewery (Brasserie Dubuisson Frères) is a Belgian family brewery founded in 1769 in Pipaix, province of Hainaut. They brew one of the strongest beers in Belgium, the Bush Ambrée at 12% ABV.History
Founded in 1769 by farmer Joseph Leroy, the brewery only sold its beer to the workers in the farm and to the inhabitants of the town of Pipaix where the brewery was installed. In 1931, the brothers Alfred and Amédée Dubuisson, descendants of Joseph Leroy, decided to abandon the farm and to concentrate on the production of beer. The beers were meant to be a mix of English and Belgian beers (due to the growing success of English beers at the time), so the name of the beer was English and the production method used both English and Belgian techniques.
The current brewery is still located at the same place and still owned by the Dubuisson family.
|
headquarters location
| 26,436 | 58,182 |
[
"Foster's Group",
"headquarters location",
"Melbourne"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Foster's Group<\e1> and <e2>Melbourne<\e2>.
Foster's Group Pty. Ltd. was an Australian beer group with interests in brewing and soft drinks, known for Foster's Lager, now called Carlton & United Breweries since the company was renamed in 2011. Foster's was founded in 1888 in Melbourne, Victoria by two American brothers, who sold the brewery a year later.
The company was renamed prior to sale to British-South African multinational SABMiller in 2011. Foster's wine business was split into a separate company, Treasury Wine Estates, in May 2011. In October 2016 Anheuser-Busch InBev acquired SABMiller, which ceased trading as a corporation, making the Foster's Group a direct subsidiary of the parent company. In June 2020, Carlton and United Breweries was sold to the Japanese beverage giant, Asahi Group Holdings.
|
headquarters location
| 26,438 | 58,184 |
[
"Kronenbourg Brewery",
"headquarters location",
"Obernai"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Kronenbourg Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Obernai<\e2>.
1664
Kronenbourg 1664 is a 5.5% pale lager first brewed in 1952. A small amount of the Strisselspalt hop, a French aroma hop from Alsace, is used. The main Kronenbourg 1664 brewery (where Kronenbourg also produces almost 300 other beer brands) is in Obernai (France), but the brand is also brewed in the UK by Heineken at its Manchester brewery, in Australia by Coopers, as well as in Ukraine by Carlsberg.
|
headquarters location
| 26,444 | 58,193 |
[
"Kronenbourg Brewery",
"owned by",
"Carlsberg Group"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Kronenbourg Brewery<\e1> and <e2>Carlsberg Group<\e2>.
Kronenbourg Brewery (French: Brasseries Kronenbourg, German: Kronenbourg Brauerei, pronounced [kʁɔnɑ̃buʁ]) is a brewery founded in 1664 by Geronimus Hatt in the Free Imperial City of Straßburg, Holy Roman Empire (today Strasbourg, France). The name comes from the area where the brewery relocated in 1850. The company is owned by the Danish multinational Carlsberg. The premium brand (and the one sold in the greatest volumes outside France) is Kronenbourg 1664, a 5% abv pale lager.British company Scottish and Newcastle (S&N) plc acquired it in 2000 for £1.7 billion. In April 2008, S&N's operations were sold to Heineken and Carlsberg, the latter acquiring Kronenbourg.Its main breweries are in Obernai and in Champigneulles, although the Champigneulles site is now up for sale.
On 2 April 2015, Brasseries Kronenbourg launched a new corporate identity which it will use in corporate communications. It was designed by Carré Noir, which has been the brewery's design agency for several years. According to a press release, the new logo reaffirms Kronenbourg's identity as a French brewer with 350 years of history.
|
owned by
| 26,445 | 58,194 |
[
"Coors Brewing Company",
"founded by",
"Adolph Coors"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Coors Brewing Company<\e1> and <e2>Adolph Coors<\e2>.
The Coors Brewing Company is an American brewery and beer company based in Golden, Colorado that was founded in 1873. In 2005, Adolph Coors Company, the holding company that owned Coors Brewing, merged with Molson, Inc. to become Molson Coors. The first Coors brewery location in Golden, Colorado is the largest single brewing facility operating in the world.
|
founded by
| 26,447 | 58,197 |
[
"InBev",
"owned by",
"Anheuser-Busch InBev"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>InBev<\e1> and <e2>Anheuser-Busch InBev<\e2>.
InBev () was a brewing company that resulted from the merger between Belgium-based company Interbrew and Brazilian brewer AmBev which took place in 2004. It existed independently until the acquisition of Anheuser-Busch in 2008, which formed Anheuser-Busch InBev (abbreviated AB InBev). InBev had operations in over 30 countries and sales in over 130 countries. In 2006, it had a market capitalization of €30.6 billion and net profit of €3.2 billion on sales of €13.3 billion.
On July 13, 2008, InBev agreed to buy Anheuser-Busch, forming a new company to be named Anheuser-Busch InBev. It was reported that Anheuser would get two seats on the combined board. To obtain antitrust approval in the United States, InBev agreed to divest itself of the company that imported Labatt's beer, another InBev brand, into the United States; this transaction was completed on March 13, 2009.The all-cash agreement, for $70 per share, or almost $52 billion, created the world's largest brewer, uniting the maker of Budweiser and Michelob with the producer of Stella Artois, Bass and Brahma. The two companies would have yearly sales of more than $36.4 billion, surpassing the previous largest brewer, London-based SABMiller.On October 10, 2016, Anheuser-Busch InBev acquired SABMiller for £69 billion (US$107 billion). SABMiller then ceased trading on global stock markets. The new company, now Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, subsequently sold SAB's MillerCoors beer company to Molson Coors and sold many of the European brands to Asahi Breweries.
|
owned by
| 26,448 | 58,198 |
[
"Wave Financial",
"headquarters location",
"Toronto"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Wave Financial<\e1> and <e2>Toronto<\e2>.
Wave is a company that provides financial services and software for small businesses. Wave is headquartered in the East Bayfront neighborhood in Toronto, Canada.
The company's first product was a free online accounting software designed for businesses with 1–9 employees, followed by invoicing, personal finance and receipt-scanning software (OCR). In 2012, Wave began branching into financial services, initially with Payments by Wave (credit card processing) and Payroll by Wave, followed by Lending by Wave in February 2017 which has since been discontinued.
|
headquarters location
| 26,694 | 58,669 |
[
"SmartUse",
"headquarters location",
"Montreal"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>SmartUse<\e1> and <e2>Montreal<\e2>.
SmartUse is a collaborative construction software. The solution offers a touch friendly mobile app who helps construction projects to move in a paperless environment through features like field markups, photos and issues tracking.SmartUse is a privately-held company based in Montreal, Canada. Founded in 2012 by Dominic Sévigny, the company was sold to Newforma in 2014 and re-acquired in September 2017 by the original founder and Louis Dagenais.
SmartUse is available on Windows since 2012 and on iPad since 2016.
|
headquarters location
| 26,696 | 58,674 |
[
"LifeSiteNews",
"founded by",
"Campaign Life Coalition"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>LifeSiteNews<\e1> and <e2>Campaign Life Coalition<\e2>.
History
LifeSiteNews was founded in 1997 by the Canadian political lobbyist organization Campaign Life Coalition with the intent to promote anti-abortion views. At a 2013 March for Life Youth Conference in Ottawa, founder and editor-in-chief John-Henry Westen alleged there was a media conspiracy against the anti-abortion movement, and said that the purpose of LifeSiteNews was to circumvent the mainstream media.A Catholic priest and former member of the Canadian Parliament, Raymond Gravel, filed a defamation lawsuit in Quebec against the website in 2011. He claimed that the site's description of his self-described pro-choice views as "pro-abortion" was libelous, and sought CA$500,000 in damages. LifeSiteNews had published 41 articles about Gravel as of February 2013. In 2013, the lawsuit was allowed to advance to trial by a Quebec court. Gravel died of lung cancer on August 11, 2014.LifeSiteNews claimed in 2018 to have a readership of 20 million. Its editor-in-chief is John-Henry Westen, and the president is Steve Jalsevac. The Campaign Life Coalition no longer runs LifeSiteNews, though the two groups share some board members.
|
founded by
| 26,699 | 58,679 |
[
"Nintendo",
"headquarters location",
"Kyoto"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Nintendo<\e1> and <e2>Kyoto<\e2>.
1933–1968: Incorportation, expansion, and diversification
In 1933, Sekiryo Kaneda established the company as a general partnership named Yamauchi Nintendo & Co., Ltd., investing in the construction of a new corporate headquarters located next to the original building, near the Toba-kaidō train station. Because Sekiryo's marriage to Yamauchi's daughter produced no male heirs, he planned to adopt his son-in-law Shikanojo Inaba, an artist in the company's employ and the father of his grandson Hiroshi, born in 1927. However, Inaba abandoned his family and the company, so Hiroshi was made Sekiryo's eventual successor.World War II negatively impacted the company as Japanese authorities prohibited the diffusion of foreign card games, and as the priorities of Japanese society shifted, its interest in recreational activities waned. During this time, Nintendo was partly supported by a financial injection from Hiroshi's wife Michiko Inaba, who came from a wealthy family. In 1947, Sekiryo founded the distribution company Marufuku Co., Ltd., responsible for Nintendo's sales and marketing operations, which would eventually go on to become the present-day Nintendo Co., Ltd., in Higashikawara-cho, Imagumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto.In 1950, due to Sekiryo's deteriorating health, Hiroshi Yamauchi assumed the presidency and headed manufacturing operations. His first actions involved several important changes in the operation of the company: in 1951, he changed the company name to Nintendo Playing Card Co., Ltd., and in the following year, he centralized the manufacturing facilities dispersed in Kyoto, which led to the expansion of the offices in Kamitakamatsu-cho, Fukuine, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto. In 1953, Nintendo became the first company to succeed in mass-producing plastic playing cards in Japan. Some of the company's employees, accustomed to a more cautious and conservative leadership, viewed the new measures with concern, and the rising tension led to a call for a strike. However, the measure had no major impact, as Hiroshi resorted to the dismissal of several dissatisfied workers.In 1959, Nintendo moved its headquarters to Kamitakamatsu-cho, Fukuine, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto. The company entered into a partnership with The Walt Disney Company to incorporate its characters into playing cards, which opened it up to the children's market and resulted in a boost to Nintendo's playing card business. Nintendo automated the production of Japanese playing cards using backing paper, and also developed distribution system that allowed it to offer its products in toy stores. By 1961, the company had established a Tokyo branch in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and sold more than 1.5 million card packs, holding a high market share, for which it relied on televised advertising campaigns. In 1962, Nintendo became a public company by listing stock on the second section of the Osaka Securities Exchange and on the Kyoto Stock Exchange. In the following year, the company adopted its current name, Nintendo & Co., Ltd., and started manufacturing games in addition to playing cards.In 1964, Nintendo earned ¥150 million. Although the company was experiencing a period of economic prosperity, the Disney cards and derived products made it dependent on the children's market. The situation was exacerbated by the falling sales of its adult-oriented playing cards caused by Japanese society gravitating toward other hobbies such as pachinko, bowling, and nightly outings. When Disney card sales began to decline, Nintendo realized that it had no real alternative to alleviate the situation. After the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, Nintendo's stock price plummeted to its lowest recorded level of ¥60.In 1965, Nintendo hired Gunpei Yokoi to maintain the assembly-line machines used to manufacture its playing cards.1999–2003: Game Boy Advance and GameCube
In May 1999, with the advent of the PlayStation 2, Nintendo entered an agreement with IBM and Panasonic to develop the 128-bit Gekko processor and the DVD drive to be used in Nintendo's next home console. Meanwhile, a series of administrative changes occurred in 2000, when Nintendo's corporate offices were moved to the Minami-ku neighborhood in Kyoto, and Nintendo Benelux was established to manage the Dutch and Belgian territories.Branches
Nintendo Co., Ltd.
Headquartered in Kyoto, Japan since the beginning, Nintendo Co., Ltd. oversees the organization's global operations and manages Japanese operations specifically. The company's two major subsidiaries, Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe, manage operations in North America and Europe respectively. Nintendo Co., Ltd. moved from its original Kyoto location to a new office in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, in 2000; this became the research and development building when the head office relocated to its present location in Minami-ku, Kyoto.
|
headquarters location
| 26,702 | 58,682 |
[
"Nintendo",
"headquarters location",
"Higashiyama-ku"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Nintendo<\e1> and <e2>Higashiyama-ku<\e2>.
1933–1968: Incorportation, expansion, and diversification
In 1933, Sekiryo Kaneda established the company as a general partnership named Yamauchi Nintendo & Co., Ltd., investing in the construction of a new corporate headquarters located next to the original building, near the Toba-kaidō train station. Because Sekiryo's marriage to Yamauchi's daughter produced no male heirs, he planned to adopt his son-in-law Shikanojo Inaba, an artist in the company's employ and the father of his grandson Hiroshi, born in 1927. However, Inaba abandoned his family and the company, so Hiroshi was made Sekiryo's eventual successor.World War II negatively impacted the company as Japanese authorities prohibited the diffusion of foreign card games, and as the priorities of Japanese society shifted, its interest in recreational activities waned. During this time, Nintendo was partly supported by a financial injection from Hiroshi's wife Michiko Inaba, who came from a wealthy family. In 1947, Sekiryo founded the distribution company Marufuku Co., Ltd., responsible for Nintendo's sales and marketing operations, which would eventually go on to become the present-day Nintendo Co., Ltd., in Higashikawara-cho, Imagumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto.In 1950, due to Sekiryo's deteriorating health, Hiroshi Yamauchi assumed the presidency and headed manufacturing operations. His first actions involved several important changes in the operation of the company: in 1951, he changed the company name to Nintendo Playing Card Co., Ltd., and in the following year, he centralized the manufacturing facilities dispersed in Kyoto, which led to the expansion of the offices in Kamitakamatsu-cho, Fukuine, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto. In 1953, Nintendo became the first company to succeed in mass-producing plastic playing cards in Japan. Some of the company's employees, accustomed to a more cautious and conservative leadership, viewed the new measures with concern, and the rising tension led to a call for a strike. However, the measure had no major impact, as Hiroshi resorted to the dismissal of several dissatisfied workers.In 1959, Nintendo moved its headquarters to Kamitakamatsu-cho, Fukuine, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto. The company entered into a partnership with The Walt Disney Company to incorporate its characters into playing cards, which opened it up to the children's market and resulted in a boost to Nintendo's playing card business. Nintendo automated the production of Japanese playing cards using backing paper, and also developed distribution system that allowed it to offer its products in toy stores. By 1961, the company had established a Tokyo branch in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and sold more than 1.5 million card packs, holding a high market share, for which it relied on televised advertising campaigns. In 1962, Nintendo became a public company by listing stock on the second section of the Osaka Securities Exchange and on the Kyoto Stock Exchange. In the following year, the company adopted its current name, Nintendo & Co., Ltd., and started manufacturing games in addition to playing cards.In 1964, Nintendo earned ¥150 million. Although the company was experiencing a period of economic prosperity, the Disney cards and derived products made it dependent on the children's market. The situation was exacerbated by the falling sales of its adult-oriented playing cards caused by Japanese society gravitating toward other hobbies such as pachinko, bowling, and nightly outings. When Disney card sales began to decline, Nintendo realized that it had no real alternative to alleviate the situation. After the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, Nintendo's stock price plummeted to its lowest recorded level of ¥60.In 1965, Nintendo hired Gunpei Yokoi to maintain the assembly-line machines used to manufacture its playing cards.
|
headquarters location
| 26,706 | 58,686 |
[
"Intelligent Systems",
"headquarters location",
"Kyoto"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Intelligent Systems<\e1> and <e2>Kyoto<\e2>.
Intelligent Systems Co., Ltd. is a Japanese video game developer best known for developing games published by Nintendo with the Fire Emblem, Paper Mario, WarioWare, and Wars video game series. Originally, the company was headquartered at the Nintendo Kyoto Research Center in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, but later moved to a building near Nintendo's main headquarters in October 2013. They were also responsible for the creation of various development hardware both first and 3rd party developers would use to make games for Nintendo systems, such as the IS Nitro Emulator, the official development kit for the Nintendo DS.
|
headquarters location
| 26,716 | 58,705 |
[
"Happy Science",
"founded by",
"Ryūhō Ōkawa"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Happy Science<\e1> and <e2>Ryūhō Ōkawa<\e2>.
History
On 15 July 1986, Ryuho Okawa resigned from his position at TOMEN Corporation (now Toyota Tsusho) to found his own organization on October 6, which he dubbed Happy Science; the Japanese government did not certify it as a religious organization until 7 March 1991. According to Ryuho Okawa, its aim is "to bring happiness to humanity by spreading truth". Before its foundation, Ryuho Okawa had published various books of "spiritual messages" that claim to channel the words spoken by religious and historical figures such as Jesus Christ, Confucius and Nichiren. In 1987, he printed The Laws of the Sun, The Golden Laws, and The Laws of Eternity, forming the core textbooks of Happy Science, along with its fundamental sutra The Dharma of the Right Mind.
|
founded by
| 26,785 | 58,839 |
[
"Data East",
"headquarters location",
"Suginami-ku"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Data East<\e1> and <e2>Suginami-ku<\e2>.
Data East Corporation (データイースト株式会社, Dēta Īsuto kabushiki gaisha), also abbreviated as DECO, was a Japanese video game, pinball and electronic engineering company. The company was in operation from 1976 to 2003, and released 150 video game titles. Its main headquarters were located in Suginami, Tokyo. The American subsidiary, Data East USA, was headquartered in San Jose, California.
|
headquarters location
| 26,804 | 58,874 |
[
"ASVEL Basket",
"headquarters location",
"Villeurbanne"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>ASVEL Basket<\e1> and <e2>Villeurbanne<\e2>.
ASVEL Basket, commonly known as ASVEL or sometimes as ASVEL Lyon-Villeurbanne, and also known as LDLC ASVEL for sponsorship reasons, is a French professional basketball team that is located in the city of Villeurbanne, which is a suburb of Lyon, France. The club, which is the basketball section of the ASVEL multi-sports club, competes in the top-tier level French Pro A League. The club's home games are played at L'Astroballe, which seats 5,556 people.Founded in 1948, the team is the most successful in French basketball with 21 Pro A championships and 10 French Cup titles.
In 2014, Tony Parker became the president of the club. In 2017, Nicolas Batum became the club's director of basketball operations. In June 2019, football club Olympique Lyonnais purchased a 25% stake in the ASVEL men's team, plus a 10% stake in the ASVEL women's team, in a deal worth around €3.7 million. The deal also included a plan for a new EuroLeague-standard arena.
|
headquarters location
| 26,828 | 58,929 |
[
"A.S.D. Akragas 2018",
"headquarters location",
"Agrigento"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>A.S.D. Akragas 2018<\e1> and <e2>Agrigento<\e2>.
Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Akragas 2018, commonly referred to as Akragas, is an Italian association football club based in Agrigento, Sicily. The club, in its first inception, was founded in 1929 and has played many years at Serie C level, and currently plays in the regional amateur Eccellenza league of Sicily.History
The foundation
An ancestor of the club was known to have played since at least the early-1930s as Associazione Calcio Agrigento. The club had moderate success in the lower divisions of Italian football; it progressed beyond the regional Sicilian scene to Serie C for the first time in the 1939–40 season.By the late 1940s A.C. Agrigento had fallen in stature, competing in the regional Promozione Sicily league after being relegated; their decline fully set in 1952 when the club became defunct due to financial difficulties.
|
headquarters location
| 26,876 | 59,034 |
[
"Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa",
"headquarters location",
"León"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa<\e1> and <e2>León<\e2>.
Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa (Spanish pronunciation: [kultuˈɾal i ðepoɾˈtiβa le.oˈnesa]), better known as Cultural Leonesa or La Cultural, is a Spanish football team based in León, in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon. Founded on 5 August 1923, it currently plays in Primera División RFEF – Group 1, holding home games at Estadio Reino de León, with a capacity of 13,346 seats.Ahead of the 2014–15 season, the club released a kit designed to look like a tuxedo. The kit, which attracted huge attention in the media and social networking sites, was worn in a pre-season charity match in support of local charities for mining families.
|
headquarters location
| 26,877 | 59,039 |
[
"Real Zaragoza",
"headquarters location",
"Zaragoza"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Real Zaragoza<\e1> and <e2>Zaragoza<\e2>.
Real Zaragoza, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal θaɾaˈɣoθa]), commonly referred to as Zaragoza, is a football club based in Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, that currently competes in the Segunda División, the second tier of the Spanish league system. Zaragoza holds its home games at La Romareda.Founded on 18 March 1932, the club has spent the majority of its history in La Liga, although they have not played at that level since they were last relegated in 2013. They have won the Copa del Rey six times, 1963–64 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and the 1994–95 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, amongst other trophies. Traditionally, their team colours are white shirts and socks with royal blue shorts.
A government survey in 2007 found that 2.7% of the Spanish population support Real Zaragoza, making them the seventh-most supported in the country.The club's main rivals are: SD Huesca, their opponents in the Aragonese derby; CD Numancia, from the nearby Province of Soria; and CA Osasuna, the largest club in the neighbouring Navarre region.
|
headquarters location
| 26,878 | 59,041 |
[
"Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas",
"headquarters location",
"Rio de Janeiro"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas<\e1> and <e2>Rio de Janeiro<\e2>.
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɔtaˈfoɡu dʒi futʃiˈbɔw i ʁeˈɡatɐs]; Botafogo Football and Rowing), also known as Botafogo, is a Brazilian sports club based in the bairro (neighborhood) of Botafogo, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Botafogo is mostly known for its association football team. It plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top tier of the Brazilian football league system, and in the state of Rio de Janeiro's premier state league. In 2000, Botafogo finished 12th in a vote by subscribers of FIFA Magazine for the FIFA Club of the Century.In addition, the club has some of Brazilian football's most notable records, as the most unbeaten matches: 52 games between 1977 and 1978; the most unbeaten matches record in the Brazilian Championship games: 42, also between 1977 and 1978; the most player participations in total matches of the Brazil national football team (considering official and unofficial games): 1,094 participations and the most players assigned to the Brazil national team for World Cup. The club holds the record for the greatest victory ever recorded in Brazilian football: 24–0 against Sport Club Mangueira in 1909.
|
headquarters location
| 26,880 | 59,046 |
[
"Deportivo de La Coruña",
"headquarters location",
"A Coruña"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Deportivo de La Coruña<\e1> and <e2>A Coruña<\e2>.
Real Club Deportivo de La Coruña (lit. 'Royal Sporting Club of La Coruña'), commonly known as Deportivo La Coruña (pronounced [depoɾˈtiβo la koˈɾuɲa]), Deportivo or simply Dépor, is a professional football club based in the city of A Coruña, Galicia, Spain. They currently play in the Primera División RFEF – Group 1, the third tier of the football league pyramid in Spain.
Founded in 1906 as Club Deportivo de la Sala Calvet by Federico Fernández-Amor Calvet, Deportivo have won the league title once, in the 1999–2000 season, and finished as runner-up on five occasions. The club have also won the Spanish Cup twice (1994–95 and 2001–02), three Spanish Super Cups (1995, 2000 and 2002), and the now defunct Concurso España (1912). The Blue and Whites were a regular fixture in the top positions of La Liga for the best part of 20 years, from 1991 to 2010, finishing in the top half of the table in 16 out of 19 seasons, and are ranked 12th in the all-time La Liga table. As a result, the club was a regular participant in European competitions, playing in the UEFA Champions League for five consecutive seasons between 2000–01 and 2004–05, reaching the quarterfinals twice and reaching the semi-finals in the 2003–04 season.
Deportivo have played their home games at the 32,490-capacity Riazor since 1944, when the stadium was built. Their traditional home kit consists of blue and white striped shirts with blue shorts and socks. The club has a long-standing rivalry with Celta Vigo, and matches between the two sides are known as the Galician derby.
|
headquarters location
| 26,882 | 59,052 |
[
"FC Petrotrest Saint Petersburg",
"headquarters location",
"Saint Petersburg"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>FC Petrotrest Saint Petersburg<\e1> and <e2>Saint Petersburg<\e2>.
FC Petrotrest Saint Petersburg
FC Petrotrest Saint Petersburg (Russian: ФК "Петротрест" Санкт-Петербург) was a former association football club from Saint Petersburg, Russia, founded in 2001. In 2002 the team played in Amateur Football League (North-West zone), in 2003, 2004, 2006 and since 2011 - in Second Division (West zone), in 2005 - in First Division (was relegated).
From 2007 to 2010 the team played under the name of FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg. After the team was relegated to the Russian Second Division after the 2010 season, the team returned to their previous name FC Petrotrest and another independent team called FC Dynamo was organized to play in the Amateur Football League. In 2012 the club was finished in the 1st place and was promoted to the First division. In 2013 it was merged back into Dynamo Saint Petersburg.
|
headquarters location
| 26,890 | 59,068 |
[
"La Roche VF",
"headquarters location",
"La Roche-sur-Yon"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>La Roche VF<\e1> and <e2>La Roche-sur-Yon<\e2>.
La Roche Vendée Football is a French association football team based in La Roche-sur-Yon, Vendée, France.History
The club was founded in 1947 and play at the Stade Henri Desgranges in the town. In the 2017–18 season they played in the Championnat National 3.Notable coaches
Notes
External links
La Roche VF official website (in French)
|
headquarters location
| 26,899 | 59,089 |
[
"Reading F.C.",
"owned by",
"Dai Yongge"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Reading F.C.<\e1> and <e2>Dai Yongge<\e2>.
Ownership and finances
Reading Football Club ownership structure:
|
owned by
| 26,903 | 59,099 |
[
"Queens Park Rangers F.C.",
"headquarters location",
"London"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Queens Park Rangers F.C.<\e1> and <e2>London<\e2>.
Queens Park Rangers Football Club, commonly abbreviated to QPR, is a professional football club based in Shepherd's Bush, West London, England. The team competes in the EFL Championship, the second tier of the English football league system. After a nomadic early existence, they have played home matches at Loftus Road since 1917, other than two brief spells at the White City Stadium. They share rivalries with various other clubs, most notably they contest the West London derby.
The club was founded as Christchurch Rangers in 1882 and took up their current name after merging with St Judes Institute four years later, near the Queen's Park and Kensal areas. Having won the West London League in 1898–99, they joined both the Southern League and Western League. Having won titles in both leagues, they were elected to the Football League in 1920. They played in the Third Division South until winning promotion as champions in 1947–48. Relegated in 1952, they won the Third Division and League Cup in the 1966–67 season under the stewardship of Alec Stock. Promoted from the Second Division in 1967–68, they were relegated after one season in the First Division. QPR won promotion again in 1972–73 and then were runners-up to the English football champions in 1975–76 after finishing one point behind Liverpool. Relegated in 1979, they reached the FA Cup final as a second-tier club in 1982, losing to Tottenham Hotspur after a replay.
QPR won another Second Division title in 1982–83 and were beaten finalists in the 1986 League Cup final. They remained in the top-flight for thirteen years, becoming founder members of the Premier League in 1992, before they were relegated in 1996. Relegated again in 2001, they secured promotion from the third tier at the end of the 2003–04 campaign. QPR won promotion as winners of the Championship in 2010–11, though were relegated from the Premier League after two seasons. They won an immediate promotion via the play-offs in 2014, though were relegated again the following season and have remained in the Championship since that time.
|
headquarters location
| 26,906 | 59,106 |
[
"Queens Park Rangers F.C.",
"owned by",
"Tony Fernandes"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Queens Park Rangers F.C.<\e1> and <e2>Tony Fernandes<\e2>.
Flavio Briatore's future as QPR chairman came into question in September 2009 after he left the Renault F1 team in the midst of race fixing allegations. The Football League board discussed the matter on 8 October 2009 and declared that they would be awaiting a response from Briatore to various questions before commenting further. Meanwhile, the club continued to make losses (£18.8m in 2008–09 and £13.7m 2009–10). Briatore sold his 62% share to Ecclestone in December 2010, with the Italian possibly retaining a right of first refusal should Ecclestone sell, and initially stepped back from the day-to-day running of the business in favour of Amit Bhatia and Ishan Saksena, the company chairman and managing director respectively. However, his involvement gradually returned, and conflicts between Briatore on the one hand and Bhatia and Saksena on the other resulted in both Bhatia and Saksena leaving QPR in May 2011.On 18 August 2011, Malaysian businessman Tony Fernandes was unveiled as the majority shareholder after having bought out Ecclestone's 66 percent stake in the club for a rumoured fee of around £35 million, while the Mittal Family retained their 33% stake. Amit Bhatia was restored to his position as vice-chairman. Phillip Beard was announced as the new chief executive of the club and Gianni Paladini removed as club chairman. Briatore and Ecclestone were no longer involved with the club, with no board representation or other financial ties. Bhatia also explained in the takeover announcement that the loan, representing the refinanced ABC Corporation debt secured using the stadium as collateral, had now been "bought off" by the new regime – that is, refinanced by new debt. It is thought that the current debt is represented by a shareholder loan to the club and is non-interest-bearing. Despite the club's fortunes in attracting investors, it continues to be mired in controversy from previous ownership regimes and has been subject to proceedings from former investors Carlos Dunga and Antonio Caliendo.On 15 August 2018, Bhatia took over as chairman of the club.
|
owned by
| 26,908 | 59,110 |
[
"West Bromwich Albion F.C.",
"headquarters location",
"West Bromwich"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>West Bromwich Albion F.C.<\e1> and <e2>West Bromwich<\e2>.
History
Early years (1878–1950)
The club was founded as West Bromwich Strollers in 1878 by workers from George Salter's Spring Works in West Bromwich, in the Black Country. They were renamed West Bromwich Albion in 1880, becoming the first team to adopt the Albion suffix; Albion was a district of West Bromwich where some of the players lived or worked, close to what is today Greets Green. The club joined the Birmingham & District Football Association in 1881 and became eligible for their first competition, the Birmingham Cup. They reached the quarter-finals, beating several longer-established clubs on the way. In 1883, Albion won their first trophy, the Staffordshire Cup. Albion joined the Football Association in the same year; this enabled them to enter the FA Cup for the first time in the 1883–84 season. In 1885 the club turned professional, and in 1886 they reached the FA Cup final for the first time, losing 2–0 to Blackburn Rovers in a replay. They reached the final again in 1887, but lost 2–0 to Aston Villa. In 1888 the team won the trophy for the first time, beating strong favourites Preston North End 2–1 in the final. As FA Cup winners, they qualified to play in a Football World Championship game against Scottish Cup winners Renton, which ended in a 4–1 defeat.
|
headquarters location
| 26,912 | 59,117 |
[
"West Bromwich Albion F.C.",
"owned by",
"Guochuan Lai"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>West Bromwich Albion F.C.<\e1> and <e2>Guochuan Lai<\e2>.
The appointment of Gary Megson in March 2000 heralded an upturn in the club's fortunes. Megson guided Albion to Division One safety in 1999–2000, and to the play-offs a year later. He went on to lead the club to promotion to the Premier League in 2001–02. After being relegated in their first Premier League season, they made an immediate return to the top flight in 2003–04. In 2004–05, Megson's successor, former Albion midfielder Bryan Robson, led the team to a last-day "Great Escape", when Albion became the first Premier League club to avoid relegation having been bottom of the table at Christmas, as well as bottom on the final day of the season. They failed to avoid the drop the following season, and Robson was replaced by Tony Mowbray in October 2006. The club competed in the Championship play-off final at Wembley Stadium on 28 May 2007, but lost 1–0 to Derby County. The following season, Mowbray led the Baggies to Wembley again, this time in the semi-finals of the FA Cup, where they lost 1–0 to Portsmouth. One month later, Albion were promoted to the Premier League as winners of the Championship, but were relegated at the end of the 2008–09 campaign. Mowbray left the club and was replaced by Roberto Di Matteo, who led the club back to the Premier League at the first attempt, but was dismissed in February 2011 and replaced by Roy Hodgson.Hodgson guided Albion to an 11th-place finish for the 2010–11 season. Then followed an eight-season continuous run in the Premier League. It included an 8th-place finish in 2012–13 under Steve Clarke, and 10th-place finishes under Roy Hodgson in 2011–12 and Tony Pulis in 2016–17. On 5 August 2016, it was announced that long-term owner Jeremy Peace had sold the club to a Chinese investment group headed up by Lai Guochuan. By this time, the club had begun to fall into a state of torpor, and were relegated at the end of the 2017–18 season, ending their eight-year Premier League stay. Pulis and his replacement Alan Pardew were both sacked during the season. Albion finished fourth in their first season back in the Championship under the management of Darren Moore, losing the Championship play-off semi-final against Aston Villa on penalties. Slaven Bilić took over as boss on 13 June 2019, and led Albion to automatic promotion back to the Premier League during the 2019–20 season. Back in the Premier League, Bilić was controversially sacked on 16 December 2020, with Sam Allardyce named as his replacement the same day. After Albion were relegated from the Premier League at the end of the 2020–21 season, Allardyce resigned from his position. The club endured disappointing results back in the Championship during the tenures of Valérien Ismaël and then Steve Bruce, who left the club in the relegation places in the 2022–23 season. Former Marcelo Bielsa understudy Carlos Corberán was named as successor on 25 October.
|
owned by
| 26,913 | 59,120 |
[
"Sunderland A.F.C.",
"headquarters location",
"Sunderland"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Sunderland A.F.C.<\e1> and <e2>Sunderland<\e2>.
Sunderland Association Football Club ( (listen), locally ) is an English professional football club based in the city of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear. Formed in 1879, Sunderland play in the Championship, the second tier of English football. The club has won six top-flight titles (1892, 1893, 1895, 1902, 1913, and 1936) in the First Division, and has finished runners-up five times. The club has also won the FA Cup twice (1937 and 1973) and been runners-up twice (1913 and 1992), as well as winning the FA Charity Shield in 1936 and being finalists the following year. Sunderland have also been Football League Cup finalists in 1985 and 2014.
Between 1891 and 1939, "The Black Cats", as they are known – in addition to their six league titles – finished in the bottom half of the league only ten times, and finished in the top seven 28 times. Since World War II, their league performances have been considerably poorer, only finishing in the top half nine times (1947, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1955, 1956, 2000, 2001 and 2011), and only reaching the top seven four times (1950, 1955, 2000 and 2001). Furthermore, they have been relegated eleven times, and just over half of this period has been spent in the top flight (41 out of 76 seasons); of the 35 seasons in which they were outside the top flight, five have been spent in the third tier.
Sunderland play their home games at the 49,000-capacity all-seater Stadium of Light having moved from Roker Park in 1997. The original ground capacity was 42,000 which was increased to 49,000 following expansion in 2000. The club has a long-standing rivalry with nearby club Newcastle United, with whom the Tyne–Wear derby has been contested since 1898. The club has played in red and white-striped shirts and black shorts for nearly the entirety of its history.
|
headquarters location
| 26,914 | 59,123 |
[
"Sunderland A.F.C.",
"owned by",
"Ellis Short"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Sunderland A.F.C.<\e1> and <e2>Ellis Short<\e2>.
Drumaville Consortium takeover and Ellis Short era (2006–2016)
Following Sunderland's relegation from the Premier League, the club was taken over by the Irish Drumaville Consortium, headed by ex-player Niall Quinn, who appointed former Manchester United captain Roy Keane as the new manager. Under Keane, the club rose steadily up the table with an unbeaten run of 17 games to win promotion to the Premier League, Following an inconsistent start to the 2008–09 season, Keane resigned. Before the start of the following campaign, Irish-American businessman Ellis Short completed a full takeover of the club, and Steve Bruce was announced as the next manager on 3 June.One of Bruce's first signings, Darren Bent, cost a club record fee of £10 million, broken a year later when they bought Ghana international Asamoah Gyan for around £13 million. Sunderland started the 2010–11 season strongly, but after Bent left for Aston Villa in January 2011 in a deal potentially worth £24 million, a record transfer fee received for the club, they eventually finished 10th — which was still their highest top-flight finish for 10 years. After being named Sunderland's Young Player of the Year for two seasons in a row, local player Jordan Henderson was transferred to Liverpool at the end of the 2010–11 season, where he went on to win the Champions League among other achievements.Short replaced Quinn as chairman in October 2011, with Quinn initially becoming Director of International Development; he left the club with immediate effect in February 2012. Bruce was sacked in November 2011, and replaced by Martin O'Neill. O'Neill was sacked in March 2013 and Italian Paolo Di Canio was announced as his replacement the following day to widespread controversy. Sunderland went on to avoid relegation with one game to go. Di Canio was sacked after a poor start to the 2013–14 season, and reports of a complete breakdown in relations with his players. Gus Poyet was announced as his replacement, and led Sunderland to the 2014 Football League Cup Final, where they were defeated 3–1 by Manchester City. In March 2015 Poyet was sacked, and veteran Dutchman Dick Advocaat was appointed, saving the club from relegation. Eight games into the 2015–16 season he resigned from the position. Sam Allardyce was appointed the next manager in October 2015, and the club was again saved from relegation at the end of the season.
|
owned by
| 26,916 | 59,127 |
[
"Defensor Sporting",
"headquarters location",
"Montevideo"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Defensor Sporting<\e1> and <e2>Montevideo<\e2>.
Defensor Sporting Club is a sports club based in Montevideo, Uruguay. Founded in 1913, Defensor has several sports sections, with football and basketball being the most important and the ones in which the club has achieved significant achievements in Uruguay and internationally.
It is the third most highest winning club in Uruguay, with 25 official titles, only surpassed by Peñarol and Club Nacional de Football. The club's best performance at the international stage was in 2014, when they reached the semi-finals of the Copa Libertadores, eventually losing to Club Nacional 2-1 on aggregate. They have won the Uruguayan Championship four times: in 1976, 1987, 1991, and 2007-08. Their 1976 title win was especially notable in Uruguay's football history as it ended 44 years of dominance by Nacional and Peñarol.
|
headquarters location
| 26,920 | 59,132 |
[
"Universal Esperanto Association",
"founded by",
"Hector Hodler"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Universal Esperanto Association<\e1> and <e2>Hector Hodler<\e2>.
The Universal Esperanto Association (Esperanto: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, UEA), also known as the World Esperanto Association, is the largest international organization of Esperanto speakers, with 5501 individual members in 121 countries and 9215 through national associations (in 2015) and in official relations with the United Nations. In addition to individual members, 70 national Esperanto organizations are affiliated with UEA. Its current president is the professor Duncan Charters. The magazine Esperanto is the main organ used by UEA to inform its members about everything happening in the Esperanto community.
The UEA was founded in 1908 by the Swiss journalist Hector Hodler and others and is now headquartered in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The organization has an office at the United Nations building in New York City.Activities
Publications
UEA is the publisher of Esperanto, the most important Esperanto periodical. It was started in 1905 by Paul Berthelot, three years before UEA was founded. UEA founder Hector Hodler took it over in 1907 and made it the official UEA magazine in 1908. In 1920 he left the magazine to the association. Since the 1950s it has a paid editor-in-chief. Next to Esperanto, the Yearbook (Jarlibro de UEA) is the oldest continuous publication of the association.UEA publishes books and has the largest mail-order Esperanto bookstore in the world (with over 6000 books, CDs and other items). It also maintains an information center and an important Esperanto library, called the Hector Hodler Library. The organisation has a network of local representatives from around the world, the Delegita Reto, who are available to provide information about their geographical area or professional field.
|
founded by
| 26,932 | 59,158 |
[
"Universal Esperanto Association",
"headquarters location",
"Universal Esperanto Association Main Office"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Universal Esperanto Association<\e1> and <e2>Universal Esperanto Association Main Office<\e2>.
individual members join the association directly, paying a fee to the Rotterdam headquarters or to the chief delegate in their country. These members receive the UEA Yearbook and receive the UEA services.
asociaj membroj, those members of the organizations that joined UEA. These members are administered by their respective organizations. It can be a national or a specialist organization. This kind of membership is for the person in question a mere symbolical membership.The highest organ of UEA, the Komitato, has members (komitatanoj) elected in three different ways:An organization sends at least one komitatano, plus one more for every 1,000 national members, to the Komitato. Most national organizations have only one komitatano.
Per 1,000 individual members, the individual members can choose one member to the Komitato.
Both previous groups by-elect more komitatanoj, up to one third of their numbers.The Komitato elects a board, the Estraro. The Estraro installs a general director and sometimes additionally a director. The general director and his staff work at the UEA headquarters, Oficejo de UEA, in Rotterdam.
An individual member can become a delegito, a 'delegate'. This means that he serves as a local contact person for Esperanto and UEA members in his town. A ĉefdelegito (chief delegate) is someone installed also by the UEA headquarters, but with the task to collect the member fees in a given country.Conventions
The yearly World Esperanto Congress (Universala Kongreso de Esperanto), which attracts 1500–3000 people to a different city each year, is held under the direction of UEA. The first congress took place in 1905, and since 1933/1934 the association is in charge of it.
Twice a year, in spring and autumn, UEA headquarters in Rotterdam holds an Open Day.
|
headquarters location
| 26,933 | 59,160 |
[
"Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda",
"headquarters location",
"Paris"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda<\e1> and <e2>Paris<\e2>.
Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda (SAT; English: World Anational Association) is an independent worldwide cultural Esperanto association of a general left-wing orientation. Its headquarters are in Paris. According to Jacques Schram, chairman of the Executive Committee, the membership totalled 881 in 2003. In 2006 SAT had 724 members. In 2015-2016 there were 525.SAT uses Esperanto as its working language and aims through the use of Esperanto to enable progressive individuals, organizations and workers of all countries to exchange ideas and meet on the basis of equality across national barriers. Members of SAT are involved in socialist, anarchist, peace, trade union, anti-nationalist, feminist and environmental activities, among others.
|
headquarters location
| 26,943 | 59,174 |
[
"Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda",
"founded by",
"Eugène Lanti"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda<\e1> and <e2>Eugène Lanti<\e2>.
History
SAT was founded in 1921 by Eugène Lanti (pseudonym of Eugène Adam) and others as an organisation of the workers' Esperanto movement. It was the largest and most active between the two World Wars. At its high point in 1929-1930 it had 6524 members in 1674 communities in 42 countries. It suffered heavy attrition soon after, however, when "cosmopolitan" activities, a category into which Esperanto fell, began to be persecuted in the Soviet Union after the onset of Stalinism, and after the ban on the workers' Esperanto movement in Germany that took effect immediately after the Nazi takeover in 1933. The Soviet Union and Germany had been the countries in which SAT had the greatest number of members. Ideologically motivated internal schisms, involving at various times anarchists, communists and social democrats, also took a toll.
|
founded by
| 26,945 | 59,176 |
[
"Oomoto",
"headquarters location",
"Ayabe"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Oomoto<\e1> and <e2>Ayabe<\e2>.
Alarmed by the popularity of Ōmoto, the Imperial Japanese Government, which promoted kokutai and the Imperial Way, condemned the sect for worshipping Ookunitokotachi above Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess from whom the Emperor of Japan claimed descent. This led to two major incidents when Ōmoto was persecuted under the lèse-majesté law, the law of censorship on newspaper and the Public Security Preservation Law of 1925. In 1921, the first Ōmoto Incident (Ōmoto jiken) resulted in the Ōmoto headquarters being destroyed, as well as Onisaburo and two adherents being jailed. In 1924, retired naval captain Yutaro Yano and his associates within the Black Dragon Society invited Onisaburo on a journey to Mongolia. Onisaburo led a group of Ōmoto disciples, including Aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba. They were captured by the forces of Chinese warlord Zhang Zuolin, but were released upon realizing they were Japanese nationals. After he returned to Japan, he organized religious allies like Jinruiaizenkai to promote a universal brotherhood and world peace. Foreign religions from Korea, China, Russia, Germany and Bulgaria, including the Red Swastika Society, joined this movement. This was followed in 1935 by the second Ōmoto Incident, which again left its headquarters in ruins and its leaders in jail; Ōmoto was effectively outlawed until the end of World War II. With the second Ōmoto Incident, Oomoto became the first religious organization who was prosecuted under the Public Security Preservation Law of 1925.
After the war, the organization reappeared as Aizen'en, a movement dedicated to achieve world peace, and with that purpose it was registered in 1946 under the Religious Corporations Ordinance.
In 1949 Ōmoto joined the World Federalist Movement and the world peace campaign. In 1952 the group returned to its older name, becoming the religious corporation Ōmoto under the Religious Corporations Law. At present time, the movement has its headquarters at Kyoto Prefecture and has a nominal membership of approximately 170,000. There is a temple for religious services in Ayabe, and a mission in a large park on the former site of Kameoka Castle that includes offices, schools, a publishing house, and shrines in Kameoka.
|
headquarters location
| 26,951 | 59,186 |
[
"Oomoto",
"founded by",
"Nao Deguchi"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Oomoto<\e1> and <e2>Nao Deguchi<\e2>.
Oomoto (大本, Ōmoto, Great Source, or Great Origin), also known as Oomoto-kyo (大本教, Ōmoto-kyō), is a religion founded in 1892 by Deguchi Nao (1836–1918), often categorised as a new Japanese religion originated from Shinto. The spiritual leaders of the movement have always been women within the Deguchi family; however, Deguchi Onisaburō (1871–1948) has been considered an important figure in Omoto as a seishi (spiritual teacher). Since 2001, the movement has been guided by its fifth leader, Kurenai Deguchi.
|
founded by
| 26,950 | 59,187 |
[
"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists",
"founded by",
"Eugene Rabinowitch"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists<\e1> and <e2>Eugene Rabinowitch<\e2>.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is a nonprofit organization concerning science and global security issues resulting from accelerating technological advances that have negative consequences for humanity. The Bulletin publishes content at both a free-access website and a bi-monthly, nontechnical academic journal. The organization has been publishing continuously since 1945, when it was founded by former Manhattan Project scientists as the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists of Chicago immediately following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The organization is also the keeper of the symbolic Doomsday Clock, the time of which is announced each January.History
Founders and contributors
The founder and first editor of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists was biophysicist Eugene Rabinowitch (1901–1973). He founded the magazine with physicist Hyman Goldsmith. Rabinowitch was a professor of botany and biophysics at the University of Illinois and was also a founding member of the Continuing Committee for the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. In addition to Rabinowitch and Goldsmith, contributors have included: Morton Grodzins, Hans Bethe, Anatoli Blagonravov, Max Born, Harrison Brown, Stuart Chase, Brock Chisholm, E.U. Condon, Albert Einstein, E.K. Fedorov, Bernard T. Feld, James Franck, Ralph E. Lapp, Richard S. Leghorn, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Lord Boyd Orr, Michael Polanyi, Louis Ridenour, Bertrand Russell, Nikolay Semyonov, Leó Szilárd, Edward Teller, A.V. Topchiev, Harold C. Urey, Paul Weiss, James L. Tuck, among many others.In 1949, the Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science incorporated as a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization to serve as the parent organization and fundraising mechanism of the Bulletin. In 2003, the board of directors voted to change the foundation's name to Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
|
founded by
| 26,997 | 59,265 |
[
"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists",
"founded by",
"Hyman H. Goldsmith"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists<\e1> and <e2>Hyman H. Goldsmith<\e2>.
History
Founders and contributors
The founder and first editor of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists was biophysicist Eugene Rabinowitch (1901–1973). He founded the magazine with physicist Hyman Goldsmith. Rabinowitch was a professor of botany and biophysics at the University of Illinois and was also a founding member of the Continuing Committee for the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. In addition to Rabinowitch and Goldsmith, contributors have included: Morton Grodzins, Hans Bethe, Anatoli Blagonravov, Max Born, Harrison Brown, Stuart Chase, Brock Chisholm, E.U. Condon, Albert Einstein, E.K. Fedorov, Bernard T. Feld, James Franck, Ralph E. Lapp, Richard S. Leghorn, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Lord Boyd Orr, Michael Polanyi, Louis Ridenour, Bertrand Russell, Nikolay Semyonov, Leó Szilárd, Edward Teller, A.V. Topchiev, Harold C. Urey, Paul Weiss, James L. Tuck, among many others.In 1949, the Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science incorporated as a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization to serve as the parent organization and fundraising mechanism of the Bulletin. In 2003, the board of directors voted to change the foundation's name to Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
|
founded by
| 26,996 | 59,268 |
[
"Brisbane Lions",
"headquarters location",
"Brisbane"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Brisbane Lions<\e1> and <e2>Brisbane<\e2>.
The Brisbane Lions is a professional Australian rules football club based in Brisbane, Queensland, that plays in the Australian Football League (AFL).
The Brisbane Lions came into existence in late 1996, via a deal with the administrator of the 1883 AFL/VFL foundation club The Fitzroy Lions, where Fitzroy's club operations at the AFL level were merged with that of the 1987 Queensland expansion club Brisbane Bears. The colours of maroon, blue, and gold were drawn from both parent clubs.The Lions are one of the most successful AFL club of the 2000s, appearing in four consecutive grand finals from 2001 to 2004 and winning three premierships (2001, 2002, 2003). They play home matches at the Gabba, which was also the site of their offices and training facilities until moving these to Springfield Central Stadium in Ipswich in 2022.
The Lions also field teams in other competitions. They were a foundation team in the AFL Women's competition in 2017 and have featured in four grand finals in that time, winning the premiership in 2021 and finishing runners-up on the other occasions. They have also fielded a reserve men's team in several leagues over the years, and since 2021 the reserves team has competed in the Victorian Football League. The Brisbane Lions Academy, consisting of the club's best junior development signings, contests Division 2 of the men's and women's underage national championships and the Talent League.
|
headquarters location
| 27,033 | 59,339 |
[
"Walk of Fame of Italian sport",
"founded by",
"Italian National Olympic Committee"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Walk of Fame of Italian sport<\e1> and <e2>Italian National Olympic Committee<\e2>.
Walk of Fame of Italian sport (Italian: Walk of Fame dello sport italiano) is the Walk of Fame of the Italian sport, inaugurated by Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) on 7 May 2015. It is a list of 125 Italian all-time champions, which has been implemented on five occasions (five new entries in 2015, 2016 and 2021, seven in 2018, three in 2019), from the initial 100 names.Criteria
One hundred timeless champions, chosen on the basis of the exclusive decisions of the Coni (president Gianni Malagò), Athletes Commission - chaired by Marco Durante.Naturally, athletes still in competitive activity are not included in the list.
|
founded by
| 27,164 | 59,570 |
[
"Lewis chessmen",
"owned by",
"British Museum"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Lewis chessmen<\e1> and <e2>British Museum<\e2>.
The Lewis chessmen (Norwegian: Lewisbrikkene; Scottish Gaelic: Fir-Tàilisg; Scots: Lewis chesmen) or Uig chessmen, named after the island or the bay where they were found, are a group of distinctive 12th-century chess pieces, along with other game pieces, most of which are carved from walrus ivory. Discovered in 1831 on Lewis in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, they may constitute some of the few complete, surviving medieval chess sets, although it is not clear if a period-accurate set can be assembled from the pieces. When found, the hoard contained 93 artifacts: 78 chess pieces, 14 tablemen and one belt buckle. Today, 82 pieces are owned and usually exhibited by the British Museum in London, and the remaining 11 are at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.
Additionally, a newly identified piece, a "warder", the equivalent of a castle or rook, was sold for £735,000 in July 2019. Four other major pieces, and many pawns, remain missing from the chess sets.Origin
Most accounts have said the pieces were found at Uig Bay (58°11′10″N 7°01′19″W) on the west coast of Lewis, but Caldwell et al. of National Museums Scotland (NMS) consider that Mealista (58°06′14″N 7°06′29″W)—which is also in the parish of Uig and some 6 miles (10 km) further south down the coast—is a more likely place for the hoard to have been discovered. The hoard was divided and sold in the 19th century; the British Museum (BM) holds 82 pieces, and National Museums Scotland has the other 11 pieces.At the British Museum, Sir Frederic Madden, Assistant Keeper of Manuscripts, persuaded the trustees to purchase for 80 guineas (£84) the 82 pieces which he had been misled into believing was the entire hoard. Madden was a palaeographer, a scholar of early vernacular literature, but he was especially intrigued by these artifacts because he was a chess enthusiast. Madden immediately set about writing a monumental research paper about the collection, titled "Historical remarks on the introduction of the game of chess into Europe and on the ancient chessmen discovered in the Isle of Lewis", published in Archaeologia XXIV (1832), one that remains informative and impressive today.There are many medieval chess bishops of various origins in different museums in Europe and US. A bishop that probably predates the Lewis chessmen was in the collection of Jean-Joseph Marquet de Vasselot and was sold at Christie's in Paris in 2011 with a radiocarbon dating report stating that there is a 95% probability that the ivory dates between 790 and 990 AD. It is thought to be English or German and carved in the 12th century. Stylistically it predates the Lewis chessmen, as its mitre is worn sideways.
|
owned by
| 27,174 | 59,584 |
[
"National People's Army",
"headquarters location",
"Strausberg"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>National People's Army<\e1> and <e2>Strausberg<\e2>.
Organization
The NVA had four main branches:
The Landstreitkräfte (Ground Forces) with an active strength of 108,000 in the following divisions:
1st Motor Rifle Division (Potsdam-Eiche)
4th Motor Rifle Division (Erfurt)
6th Motor Rifle Division (Königswartha)
7th Panzer Division (Dresden)
8th Motor Rifle Division (Schwerin)
9th Panzer Division (Eggesin)
10th Motor Rifle Division (Ronneburg)
11th Motor Rifle Division (Halle)
17th Motor Rifle Division (Petersroda)
19th Motor Rifle Division (Wulkow)
20th Motor Rifle Division (Bredenfelde)
The Volksmarine (People's Navy) with a strength of 18,300
The Luftstreitkräfte/Luftverteidigung (Air Forces/Air Defence) with a strength of 58,000In wartime, mobilization of the NVA's reserves would have nearly doubled its strength. GDR authorities also had at their disposal the internal security troops of the Ministry of the Interior (the Kasernierte Volkspolizei) and the Ministry for State Security (the Felix Dzerzhinsky Guards Regiment) along with the 210,000 strong party auxiliary "Combat Groups of the Working Class" (Kampfgruppen der Arbeiterklasse), who were available in times of war.
The highest level of leadership for the NVA was the Ministry for National Defense (Ministerium für Nationale Verteidigung) headquartered in Strausberg near East Berlin. NVA administration was divided into the following commands:
|
headquarters location
| 27,397 | 60,054 |
[
"Maurya Empire",
"founded by",
"Chandragupta Maurya"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Maurya Empire<\e1> and <e2>Chandragupta Maurya<\e2>.
Meanwhile, Alexander the Great was leading his Indian campaigns and ventured into Punjab. His army mutinied at the Beas River and refused to advance farther eastward when confronted by another army. Alexander returned to Babylon and re-deployed most of his troops west of the Indus River. Soon after Alexander died in Babylon in 323 BCE, his empire fragmented into independent kingdoms led by his generals.The Maurya Empire was established in the Magadha region under the leadership of Chandragupta Maurya and his mentor Chanakya. Chandragupta was taken to Taxila by Chanakya and was tutored about statecraft and governing. Requiring an army Chandragupta recruited and annexed local military republics such as the Yaudheyas that had resisted Alexanders Empire. The Mauryan army quickly rose to become the prominent regional power in the North West of the Indian subcontinent. The Mauryan army then conquered the satraps established by the Macedonia ns. Ancient Greek historians Nearchus, Onesictrius, and Aristobolus have provided lot of information about the Mauryan empire. The Greek generals Eudemus and Peithon ruled in the Indus Valley until around 317 BCE, when Chandragupta Maurya (with the help of Chanakya, who was now his advisor) fought and drove out the Greek governors, and subsequently brought the Indus Valley under the control of his new seat of power in Magadha.Chandragupta Maurya's ancestry is shrouded in mystery and controversy. On one hand, a number of ancient Indian accounts, such as the drama Mudrarakshasa (Signet ring of Rakshasa – Rakshasa was the prime minister of Magadha) by Vishakhadatta, describe his royal ancestry and even link him with the Nanda family. A kshatriya clan known as the Mauryas are referred to in the earliest Buddhist texts, Mahaparinibbana Sutta. However, any conclusions are hard to make without further historical evidence. Chandragupta first emerges in Greek accounts as "Sandrokottos". As a young man he is said to have met Alexander. Chanakya is said to have met the Nanda king, angered him, and made a narrow escape.
|
founded by
| 27,437 | 60,140 |
[
"Vox (website)",
"founded by",
"Ezra Klein"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Vox (website)<\e1> and <e2>Ezra Klein<\e2>.
Vox (from Latin vōx 'voice') is an American news and opinion website owned by Vox Media. The website was founded in April 2014 by Ezra Klein, Matt Yglesias, and Melissa Bell, and is noted for its concept of explanatory journalism. Vox's media presence also includes a YouTube channel, several podcasts, and a show presented on Netflix. Vox has been described as left-of-center and progressive.History
Prior to founding Vox, Ezra Klein worked for The Washington Post as the head of Wonkblog, a public policy blog. When Klein attempted to launch a new site using funding from the newspaper's editors, his proposal was turned down and Klein subsequently left The Washington Post for a position with Vox Media, another communications company, in January 2014.The New York Times' David Carr associated Klein's exit for Vox with other "big-name journalists" leaving newspapers for digital start-ups, such as Walter Mossberg and Kara Swisher (of Recode, which was later acquired by and integrated into Vox), David Pogue, and Nate Silver. He described Vox Media as "a technology company that produces media" rather than its inverse, associated with "Old Media". From his new position, Klein worked towards establishing Vox, including hiring new journalists for the site. Klein expected to "improve the technology of news" and build an online platform better equipped for making news understandable. The new site's 20-person staff was chosen for their expertise in topic areas and included Slate's Matthew Yglesias, Melissa Bell, and Klein's colleagues from The Washington Post. Vox was launched on April 6, 2014, with Klein serving as editor-in-chief.Klein's opening editorial essay, "How politics makes us stupid", explained his distress about political polarization in the context of Yale Law School professor Dan Kahan's theories on how people protect themselves from information that conflicts with their core beliefs.In June 2016, Vox suspended contributor Emmett Rensin for a series of tweets calling for anti-Trump riots, including one on June 3, 2016, that urged, "If Trump comes to your town, start a riot." The tweets drew attention after violent anti-Trump protests took place in San Jose, California, on the day of Rensin's tweet. Elizabeth Plank was hired in 2016 as a political correspondent, and in 2017 launched her own series with Vox Media, called Divided States of Women.In September 2017, Klein published a post on Vox announcing that he was taking on a new role as editor-at-large, and that Lauren Williams, who joined Vox a few months after its founding, was the new editor-in-chief. In late 2020, Klein, Williams, and Yglesias left the site. While Vox had been founded with prominent journalists, Vox Media CEO Jim Bankoff said that their brands had mature, mainstream audiences that no longer relied on personalities.Swati Sharma was named editor-in-chief in February 2021. A managing editor of The Atlantic at the time of her appointment, she was expected to assume the position in March 2021.
|
founded by
| 27,451 | 60,160 |
[
"Vox (website)",
"founded by",
"Melissa Bell"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Vox (website)<\e1> and <e2>Melissa Bell<\e2>.
Vox (from Latin vōx 'voice') is an American news and opinion website owned by Vox Media. The website was founded in April 2014 by Ezra Klein, Matt Yglesias, and Melissa Bell, and is noted for its concept of explanatory journalism. Vox's media presence also includes a YouTube channel, several podcasts, and a show presented on Netflix. Vox has been described as left-of-center and progressive.
|
founded by
| 27,450 | 60,162 |
[
"Vox (website)",
"founded by",
"Matthew Yglesias"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Vox (website)<\e1> and <e2>Matthew Yglesias<\e2>.
Vox (from Latin vōx 'voice') is an American news and opinion website owned by Vox Media. The website was founded in April 2014 by Ezra Klein, Matt Yglesias, and Melissa Bell, and is noted for its concept of explanatory journalism. Vox's media presence also includes a YouTube channel, several podcasts, and a show presented on Netflix. Vox has been described as left-of-center and progressive.
|
founded by
| 27,450 | 60,163 |
[
"Vox (website)",
"owned by",
"Vox Media"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Vox (website)<\e1> and <e2>Vox Media<\e2>.
Vox (from Latin vōx 'voice') is an American news and opinion website owned by Vox Media. The website was founded in April 2014 by Ezra Klein, Matt Yglesias, and Melissa Bell, and is noted for its concept of explanatory journalism. Vox's media presence also includes a YouTube channel, several podcasts, and a show presented on Netflix. Vox has been described as left-of-center and progressive.History
Prior to founding Vox, Ezra Klein worked for The Washington Post as the head of Wonkblog, a public policy blog. When Klein attempted to launch a new site using funding from the newspaper's editors, his proposal was turned down and Klein subsequently left The Washington Post for a position with Vox Media, another communications company, in January 2014.The New York Times' David Carr associated Klein's exit for Vox with other "big-name journalists" leaving newspapers for digital start-ups, such as Walter Mossberg and Kara Swisher (of Recode, which was later acquired by and integrated into Vox), David Pogue, and Nate Silver. He described Vox Media as "a technology company that produces media" rather than its inverse, associated with "Old Media". From his new position, Klein worked towards establishing Vox, including hiring new journalists for the site. Klein expected to "improve the technology of news" and build an online platform better equipped for making news understandable. The new site's 20-person staff was chosen for their expertise in topic areas and included Slate's Matthew Yglesias, Melissa Bell, and Klein's colleagues from The Washington Post. Vox was launched on April 6, 2014, with Klein serving as editor-in-chief.Klein's opening editorial essay, "How politics makes us stupid", explained his distress about political polarization in the context of Yale Law School professor Dan Kahan's theories on how people protect themselves from information that conflicts with their core beliefs.In June 2016, Vox suspended contributor Emmett Rensin for a series of tweets calling for anti-Trump riots, including one on June 3, 2016, that urged, "If Trump comes to your town, start a riot." The tweets drew attention after violent anti-Trump protests took place in San Jose, California, on the day of Rensin's tweet. Elizabeth Plank was hired in 2016 as a political correspondent, and in 2017 launched her own series with Vox Media, called Divided States of Women.In September 2017, Klein published a post on Vox announcing that he was taking on a new role as editor-at-large, and that Lauren Williams, who joined Vox a few months after its founding, was the new editor-in-chief. In late 2020, Klein, Williams, and Yglesias left the site. While Vox had been founded with prominent journalists, Vox Media CEO Jim Bankoff said that their brands had mature, mainstream audiences that no longer relied on personalities.Swati Sharma was named editor-in-chief in February 2021. A managing editor of The Atlantic at the time of her appointment, she was expected to assume the position in March 2021.
|
owned by
| 27,451 | 60,164 |
[
"Iskra",
"founded by",
"Vladimir Lenin"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Iskra<\e1> and <e2>Vladimir Lenin<\e2>.
History
Iskra was published in exile and then smuggled into Russia. Initially, it was managed by Vladimir Lenin, moving as he moved. The first edition was published in Leipzig, Germany, on December 1, 1900 (other sources say Dec. 11). Other editions were published in Munich (1900–1902) and Geneva from 1903. When Lenin was in London (1902–1903) the newspaper was edited from a small office at 37a Clerkenwell Green, EC1, with Henry Quelch arranging the necessary printworks.Iskra quickly became the most successful underground Russian newspaper in 50 years.In 1903, following the split of the RSDLP, Lenin left the staff (after his initial proposal to reduce the editorial board to three – himself, Julius Martov and Georgi Plekhanov – was vehemently opposed); the newspaper fell under the control of the Mensheviks and was published by Plekhanov until 1905. The average circulation was 8,000.
|
founded by
| 27,457 | 60,180 |
[
"Flex (magazine)",
"founded by",
"Joe Weider"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Flex (magazine)<\e1> and <e2>Joe Weider<\e2>.
History
Founded in 1983 by Canadian entrepreneur Joe Weider, local versions (essentially the U.S. content with local advertisements) are now published throughout the world, in countries such as the UK and Australia. The premier issue was dated April 1983, and featured Chris Dickerson on the cover. Flex centers more on "hardcore" and professional bodybuilding, as opposed to its companion publication Muscle & Fitness, which has a more mainstream fitness focus.
American Media purchased the Mr. Olympia event, as well as the "Flex," "Muscle & Fitness," and "Muscle & Fitness Hers" titles in 2003.
In March 2018 it was announced that Flex magazine would merge with Muscle & Fitness to become one magazine. Flex also combined with the Muscle & Fitness website as well. The last print issue was published in May 2018.In February 2020, longtime bodybuilding enthusiast Jake Wood acquired "Flex," "Muscle & Fitness," "Muscle & Fitness Hers," media brands and Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend from American Media (now A360 Media).
|
founded by
| 27,469 | 60,198 |
[
"111 Eighth Avenue",
"owned by",
"Google"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>111 Eighth Avenue<\e1> and <e2>Google<\e2>.
111 Eighth Avenue, also known as the Google Building and formerly known as Union Inland Terminal #1 and the Port Authority Building, is an Art Deco multi-use building in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Fifteen stories tall and occupying an entire city block, it has 2.9 million square feet (270,000 m2) of floor space, more than the Empire State Building.
The Port of New York Authority began acquiring the land on the building's site in 1930, against the protests of local residents. It was completed in 1932 and served as an inland terminal for the Hudson River piers and as a warehousing and industrial facility. Occupancy fell to 50 percent in the 1970s due to the decline of industrial activity in Manhattan, and the Port Authority itself moved to the World Trade Center in 1973. In the 1990s the building began to attract tenants in the technology and telecommunications sectors. In 2010, the building was purchased for $1.8 billion by Google, who became its largest tenant; Google's presence helped attract other technology companies to Chelsea and contributed to the neighborhood's ongoing gentrification. Aside from Google, the building is also home to a cancer treatment center and a black box theater.
|
owned by
| 27,632 | 60,502 |
[
"Berghof (residence)",
"owned by",
"Adolf Hitler"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Berghof (residence)<\e1> and <e2>Adolf Hitler<\e2>.
History
The Berghof began as a much smaller chalet called Haus Wachenfeld, a holiday home built in 1916 (or 1917) by Kommerzienrat Otto Winter, a businessman from Buxtehude. It was located near the Platterhof, the former Pension Moritz where Hitler had stayed in 1922–23. By 1926, the family running the pension had left, and Hitler did not like the new owner. He moved first to the Marineheim and then to a hotel in Berchtesgaden, the Deutsches Haus, where he dictated the second volume of Mein Kampf in the summer of 1926. Hitler met his girlfriend at that time, Maria Reiter, who worked in a shop on the ground floor of the hotel, during another visit in autumn 1926. In 1928, Winter's widow rented Haus Wachenfeld to Hitler, and his half-sister Angela came to live there as housekeeper, although she left soon after her daughter Geli's 1931 death in Hitler's Munich apartment.By 1933, Hitler had purchased Haus Wachenfeld with funds he received from the sale of his political manifesto Mein Kampf. The small chalet-style building was refurbished and much expanded by architect Alois Degano during 1935–36 under the supervision of Martin Bormann, when it was renamed The Berghof (English: "Mountain Court"). The renovated interiors were designed by Gerdy Troost.A large terrace was built and featured big, colourful, resort-style canvas umbrellas. The entrance hall "was filled with a curious display of cactus plants in majolica pots." A dining room was panelled with very costly cembra pine. Hitler's large study had a telephone switchboard room. The library contained books "on history, painting, architecture and music." A great hall was furnished with expensive Teutonic furniture, a large globe, and an expansive red marble fireplace mantel. Behind one wall was a projection booth for evening screenings of films (often, Hollywood productions, including Mickey Mouse).A sprawling picture window could be lowered into the wall to give a sweeping, open-air view of the snow-capped mountains in Hitler's native Austria. The house was maintained much like a small resort hotel by several housekeepers, gardeners, cooks, and other domestic workers.
The Berghof became a centerpiece of Nazi propaganda. The Nazi-controlled German press as well as the English-language international press covered Hitler's life at home in a positive light. These stories helped to soften his image by portraying him as a man of culture, dog lover, and good neighbor. Writer William George Fitz-Gerald, under the pseudonym Ignatius Phayre, published many articles about visiting Hitler at home that were fabricated from Nazi propaganda sources.
|
owned by
| 27,641 | 60,525 |
[
"Hauteville House",
"owned by",
"Victor Hugo"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Hauteville House<\e1> and <e2>Victor Hugo<\e2>.
Hauteville House is a house where Victor Hugo lived during his exile from France, located at 38 Hauteville in St. Peter Port in Guernsey. In March 1927, the centenary year of Romanticism, Hugo's descendants Jeanne, Jean, Marguerite and François donated the house to the City of Paris. It currently houses an honorary consul to the French embassy at London and a Victor Hugo museum; house and garden are both open to the public.
|
owned by
| 27,643 | 60,531 |
[
"Hauteville House",
"owned by",
"municipality of Paris"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Hauteville House<\e1> and <e2>municipality of Paris<\e2>.
Hauteville House is a house where Victor Hugo lived during his exile from France, located at 38 Hauteville in St. Peter Port in Guernsey. In March 1927, the centenary year of Romanticism, Hugo's descendants Jeanne, Jean, Marguerite and François donated the house to the City of Paris. It currently houses an honorary consul to the French embassy at London and a Victor Hugo museum; house and garden are both open to the public.20th and 21st Century
The City of Paris conserves the two houses that Victor Hugo lived in the longest : the Rohan-Guéménée mansion in Paris and Hauteville House in Guernsey. Hauteville House was given to the City of Paris in 1927 by the descendants of Victor Hugo.The structure of the building undertook a major renovation in 2008-9 and, in 2017, an appeal was launched to pay for the renovation of internal decorations.François Pinault donated £2.6m (€3m) to renovate the interior, and the house reopened on 7 April 2019.
|
owned by
| 27,645 | 60,534 |
[
"251 Menlove Avenue",
"owned by",
"Yoko Ono"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>251 Menlove Avenue<\e1> and <e2>Yoko Ono<\e2>.
National Trust acquisition
Despite having purchased 20 Forthlin Road, the childhood residence of Paul McCartney, the National Trust showed no interest in acquiring the property on Menlove Avenue, claiming that, unlike McCartney's home, no Beatles songs had been composed at Mendips. However, McCartney recalls at least one song, "I'll Get You", being written there. "Please Please Me" was also written there.During the filming of the American TV film In His Life: The John Lennon Story in 2000, the then-owner of the house allowed the film crew inside, and also allowed them to knock down a downstairs wall to make room for the cameras. This resulted in 150 bricks being removed, which were later sold to Beatles fans.On 7 December 2000, the day before the 20th anniversary of John Lennon's death, 251 Menlove Avenue was adorned with an English Heritage blue plaque, carrying the text "JOHN LENNON 1940–1980 Musician and Songwriter lived here 1945–1963".Lennon's widow Yoko Ono bought the house in March 2002, and donated it to the National Trust in order to save it from further demolition and property speculators. The house was then restored to its 1950s appearance. At a joint press conference with the National Trust in March 2003, when it was announced that the restoration work was finished and the house would be opened to the public, Yoko Ono said: "When John's house came up for sale I wanted to preserve it for the people of Liverpool and John Lennon and Beatles fans all over the world."Every year on the anniversary of his death, the National Trust leave the bedroom light on in John Lennon's childhood home, all night.In February 2012, both this house and Paul McCartney's childhood home at 20 Forthlin Road were Grade II listed by English Heritage.
|
owned by
| 27,663 | 60,575 |
[
"251 Menlove Avenue",
"owned by",
"Mimi Smith"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>251 Menlove Avenue<\e1> and <e2>Mimi Smith<\e2>.
Residence of John Lennon
The 1933-built semi-detached property, which belonged to John Lennon's aunt Mimi and her husband George Smith, is in Woolton, south Liverpool. Lennon moved there in July 1946 at the age of five from 9 Newcastle Road in the nearby suburb of Wavertree. He lived at Mendips after his mother, who was living with her boyfriend, was persuaded that it would be better for his Aunt Mimi and George to take care of him. He remained at Mendips until mid-1963, when he was 22 years old. It was approximately 30 metres north west of this house that Lennon's mother Julia was hit by a car and killed on the evening of 15 July 1958.
In 1965 Mimi sold the property, taking away some of the furnishings and giving away others.
|
owned by
| 27,664 | 60,577 |
[
"251 Menlove Avenue",
"owned by",
"National Trust"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>251 Menlove Avenue<\e1> and <e2>National Trust<\e2>.
251 Menlove Avenue is the childhood home of the Beatles' John Lennon. Located in the Woolton suburb of Liverpool, it was named Mendips after the Mendip Hills. The Grade II listed building is preserved by the National Trust.
|
owned by
| 27,662 | 60,578 |
[
"251 Menlove Avenue",
"owned by",
"George Toogood Smith"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>251 Menlove Avenue<\e1> and <e2>George Toogood Smith<\e2>.
Residence of John Lennon
The 1933-built semi-detached property, which belonged to John Lennon's aunt Mimi and her husband George Smith, is in Woolton, south Liverpool. Lennon moved there in July 1946 at the age of five from 9 Newcastle Road in the nearby suburb of Wavertree. He lived at Mendips after his mother, who was living with her boyfriend, was persuaded that it would be better for his Aunt Mimi and George to take care of him. He remained at Mendips until mid-1963, when he was 22 years old. It was approximately 30 metres north west of this house that Lennon's mother Julia was hit by a car and killed on the evening of 15 July 1958.
In 1965 Mimi sold the property, taking away some of the furnishings and giving away others.
|
owned by
| 27,664 | 60,580 |
[
"Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad",
"owned by",
"Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad<\e1> and <e2>Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti<\e2>.
Architecture
In the urban setting, the architecture of the bin Laden hideout was described by an architect as "surprisingly permanent – and surprisingly urban" and "sure to join Saddam Hussein's last known address among the most notorious examples of hideout architecture in recent memory". The compound was fortified with many safeguard features intended to confuse would-be invaders, and U.S. officials described the compound as "extraordinarily unique". Associated Press identified the owner as Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti, who purchased the vacant land for the complex in 2004 and four adjoining lots between 2004 and 2005 for the equivalent of US$48,000.Constructed between 2003 and 2005, the three-story structure was located on a dirt road four kilometres (2+1⁄2 mi) northeast of the city centre of Abbottābad. The local architect for the project said it was only built and planned for a two-story structure and that the third floor (where bin Laden lived) was built afterwards in an illegal construction. While the compound was assessed by U.S. officials at a value of US$1 million, local real estate agents assess the property value at US$250,000. Intelligence reports indicated that bin Laden may have moved into the complex on 6 January 2006.On a plot of land much larger than those of nearby houses, it was surrounded by 5.5-metre (18 ft) concrete walls topped with barbed wire. Apart from its size, it did not stand out from others in the neighborhood and it was difficult to see from a distance. The compound walls were higher than usual in the neighbourhood, although nearly all houses in Bilal Town have barbed wire. There were no phones or Internet wires running into the compound. Security cameras were found, and aerial photographs showed several satellite dishes. There were two security gates and the third-floor balcony had a two-metre (6+1⁄2 ft) privacy wall. The compound measured 3,500 square metres (38,000 sq ft) in size, and had relatively few windows.The compound was known as Waziristan Haveli (Urdu: وزیرستان حویلی) by the local residents. The compound's casual name referred to Waziristan, a region in Pakistan, and a haveli, which means "mansion". It was owned by a transporter from Waziristan; bin Laden previously spent time in the Waziristan area of Pakistan.
|
owned by
| 27,666 | 60,584 |
[
"Juventus Training Center (Vinovo)",
"owned by",
"Juventus F.C."
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Juventus Training Center (Vinovo)<\e1> and <e2>Juventus F.C.<\e2>.
The Juventus Training Center (colloquially known as "the Vinovo") is a football training facility owned by Juventus, located in Vinovo a comune 14 kilometres southwest of the city of Turin. Designed by GAU and Shesa, the training ground features modern facilities and was opened in August 2006. The facility measures a total of 162,900 square meters and originally cost € 12.5 million.
Owned trough Campi di Vinovo S.p.A., controlled by the club to 71.3% until 2003, until 2018, it was used as a training ground for the Juventus men's team until the construction of the new training center; it is now exclusively used for the matches and training for that of the Juventus youth sector (already from 2017), and that of the women's team.
|
owned by
| 27,672 | 60,600 |
[
"QRpedia",
"owned by",
"Wikimedia UK"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>QRpedia<\e1> and <e2>Wikimedia UK<\e2>.
QRpedia is a mobile Web-based system which uses QR codes to deliver Wikipedia articles to users, in their preferred language. A typical use is on museum labels, linking to Wikipedia articles about the exhibited object. QR codes can easily be generated to link directly to any Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), but the QRpedia system adds further functionality. It is owned and operated by a subsidiary of Wikimedia UK (WMUK).
QRpedia was conceived by Roger Bamkin, a Wikipedia volunteer, coded by Terence Eden, and unveiled in April 2011. It is in use at museums and other institutions in countries including Australia, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, North Macedonia, Spain, India, the United Kingdom, Germany, Ukraine and the United States. The project's source code is freely reusable under the MIT License.
|
owned by
| 27,760 | 60,776 |
[
"Our Future (fund)",
"headquarters location",
"Moscow"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Our Future (fund)<\e1> and <e2>Moscow<\e2>.
The Our Future Foundation for Regional Social Programs (Russian: Фонд региональных социальных программ «Наше будущее») is a non-profit organization that declares its goal to develop social entrepreneurship in Russia. The fund was founded in 2007 by the president and co-owner of the oil company "Lukoil" Vagit Alekperov. The headquarters is located in Moscow. The director of the fund is Natalia Zvereva.As of November 2019, the fund, according to its own data, supported 254 social entrepreneurship projects located in 58 regions of Russia, 653.2 million rubles were allocated for their implementation in the form of interest-free loans. Among the main infrastructure projects of the fund: the all-Russian competition "Social Entrepreneur", the Laboratory of Social Entrepreneurship, the "More than a Purchase!" program, the "Impulse of Kindness" award. In addition to financial and organizational assistance, the foundation provides social entrepreneurs with legal, consulting and information support.Our Future Foundation is a member of the Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN) and the Asian Venture Philanthropy Network (AVPN). In 2020, the fund took 3rd place in the Forbes ranking among the best charitable foundations of the richest Russians.According to Vagit Alekperov, he bequeathed his shares of Lukoil to the Our Future Foundation.
|
headquarters location
| 27,838 | 60,883 |
[
"Pixar",
"owned by",
"The Walt Disney Company"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Pixar<\e1> and <e2>The Walt Disney Company<\e2>.
Pixar Animation Studios () is an American computer animation studio known for its critically and commercially successful computer animated feature films. It is based in Emeryville, California. Since 2006, Pixar has been a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, a division of Disney Entertainment, which is owned by The Walt Disney Company.
Pixar started in 1979 as part of the Lucasfilm computer division. It was known as the Graphics Group before its spin-off as a corporation in 1986, with funding from Apple co-founder Steve Jobs who became its majority shareholder. Disney purchased Pixar in January 2006 at a valuation of $7.4+ billion by converting each share of Pixar stock to 2.3 shares of Disney stock. Pixar is best known for its feature films, technologically powered by RenderMan, the company's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan Interface Specification image-rendering API. The studio's mascot is Luxo Jr., a desk lamp from the studio's 1986 short film of the same name.
Pixar has produced 26 feature films, starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Lightyear (2022). The studio has also produced many short films. As of July 2019, its feature films have earned approximately $14 billion at the worldwide box office, with an average worldwide gross of $680 million per film. Toy Story 3 (2010), Finding Dory (2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), and Toy Story 4 (2019) are all among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time. Incredibles 2 is the studio's highest grossing film as well as the fourth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, with a gross of $1.2 billion; the other three also grossed over $1 billion. Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time.
Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards, 10 Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards, along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments. Its films are frequently nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since its inauguration in 2001, with eleven winners being Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), and Soul (2020). The six nominated films that did not win are Monsters, Inc. (2001), Cars (2006), Incredibles 2 (2018), Onward (2020), Luca (2021) and Turning Red (2022). Cars 2 (2011), Monsters University (2013), The Good Dinosaur (2015), Finding Dory (2016), Cars 3 (2017) and the aforementioned Lightyear were not nominated. In addition, Toy Story 3 and Up were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
On February 10, 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton, and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the Venice Film Festival. The physical award was ceremoniously handed to Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas.
|
owned by
| 27,899 | 61,003 |
[
"Pixar",
"headquarters location",
"Emeryville"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Pixar<\e1> and <e2>Emeryville<\e2>.
Pixar Animation Studios () is an American computer animation studio known for its critically and commercially successful computer animated feature films. It is based in Emeryville, California. Since 2006, Pixar has been a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, a division of Disney Entertainment, which is owned by The Walt Disney Company.
Pixar started in 1979 as part of the Lucasfilm computer division. It was known as the Graphics Group before its spin-off as a corporation in 1986, with funding from Apple co-founder Steve Jobs who became its majority shareholder. Disney purchased Pixar in January 2006 at a valuation of $7.4+ billion by converting each share of Pixar stock to 2.3 shares of Disney stock. Pixar is best known for its feature films, technologically powered by RenderMan, the company's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan Interface Specification image-rendering API. The studio's mascot is Luxo Jr., a desk lamp from the studio's 1986 short film of the same name.
Pixar has produced 26 feature films, starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Lightyear (2022). The studio has also produced many short films. As of July 2019, its feature films have earned approximately $14 billion at the worldwide box office, with an average worldwide gross of $680 million per film. Toy Story 3 (2010), Finding Dory (2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), and Toy Story 4 (2019) are all among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time. Incredibles 2 is the studio's highest grossing film as well as the fourth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, with a gross of $1.2 billion; the other three also grossed over $1 billion. Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time.
Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards, 10 Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards, along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments. Its films are frequently nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since its inauguration in 2001, with eleven winners being Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), and Soul (2020). The six nominated films that did not win are Monsters, Inc. (2001), Cars (2006), Incredibles 2 (2018), Onward (2020), Luca (2021) and Turning Red (2022). Cars 2 (2011), Monsters University (2013), The Good Dinosaur (2015), Finding Dory (2016), Cars 3 (2017) and the aforementioned Lightyear were not nominated. In addition, Toy Story 3 and Up were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
On February 10, 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton, and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the Venice Film Festival. The physical award was ceremoniously handed to Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas.Lasseter and Catmull's oversight of both the Disney Feature Animation and Pixar studios did not mean that the two studios were merging, however. In fact, additional conditions were laid out as part of the deal to ensure that Pixar remained a separate entity, a concern that analysts had expressed about the Disney deal. Some of those conditions were that Pixar HR policies would remain intact, including the lack of employment contracts. Also, the Pixar name was guaranteed to continue, and the studio would remain in its current Emeryville, California, location with the "Pixar" sign. Finally, branding of films made post-merger would be "Disney•Pixar" (beginning with Cars).Jim Morris, producer of WALL-E (2008), became general manager of Pixar. In this new position, Morris took charge of the day-to-day running of the studio facilities and products.After a few years, Lasseter and Catmull were able to successfully transfer the basic principles of the Pixar Braintrust to Disney Animation, although meetings of the Disney Story Trust are reportedly "more polite" than those of the Pixar Braintrust. Catmull later explained that after the merger, to maintain the studios' separate identities and cultures (notwithstanding the fact of common ownership and common senior management), he and Lasseter "drew a hard line" that each studio was solely responsible for its own projects and would not be allowed to borrow personnel from or lend tasks out to the other. The rule ensures that each studio maintains "local ownership" of projects and can be proud of its own work. Thus for example, when Pixar had issues with Ratatouille and Disney Animation had issues with Bolt (2008), "nobody bailed them out" and each studio was required "to solve the problem on its own" even when they knew there were personnel at the other studio who theoretically could have helped.
|
headquarters location
| 27,900 | 61,004 |
[
"Spectrum 7",
"founded by",
"Mercer Reynolds"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Spectrum 7<\e1> and <e2>Mercer Reynolds<\e2>.
Spectrum 7 was an oil company started by William DeWitt and Mercer Reynolds.
In 1984, Spectrum 7 merged with George W. Bush's Arbusto Energy. After the merger, Bush became the Chairman and CEO of Spectrum 7.
According to George Soros, Bush's presence at Spectrum 7 made the failing company more attractive than it would otherwise have been.== References ==
|
founded by
| 27,952 | 61,191 |
[
"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights",
"headquarters location",
"Geneva"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights<\e1> and <e2>Geneva<\e2>.
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, commonly known as the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) or the United Nations Human Rights Office, is a department of the Secretariat of the United Nations that works to promote and protect human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. The office was established by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 1993 in the wake of the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights.
The office is headed by the High Commissioner for Human Rights, who co-ordinates human rights activities throughout the United Nations System and acts as the secretariat of the Human Rights Council in Geneva, Switzerland. The eighth and current High Commissioner is Volker Türk of Austria, who succeeded Michelle Bachelet of Chile on 8 September 2022.In 2018–2019, the department had a budget of $201.6 million (3.7 per cent of the regular United Nations budget), and approximately 1,300 employees based in Geneva and New York City. It is an ex officio member of the Committee of the United Nations Development Group.Staff Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
The Staff Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights is headed by a Chief who is accountable to the High Commissioner. The core functions of the Staff Office are to:
|
headquarters location
| 27,954 | 61,193 |
[
"Rally for the Republic",
"founded by",
"Jacques Chirac"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Rally for the Republic<\e1> and <e2>Jacques Chirac<\e2>.
The Rally for the Republic (French: Rassemblement pour la République [ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃ puʁ la ʁepyblik]; RPR [ɛʁ pe ɛr]), was a Gaullist and conservative political party in France. Originating from the Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), it was founded by Jacques Chirac in 1976 and presented itself as the heir of Gaullist politics. On 21 September 2002, the RPR was merged into the Union for the Presidential Majority, later renamed the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).History
The defense of the Gaullist identity against President Giscard d'Estaing (1976–1981)
In 1974, the divisions in the Gaullist movement permitted the election of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing to the Presidency of the French Republic. Representing the pro-European and Orleanist centre-right, he was the first non-Gaullist becoming head of state since the beginning of the Fifth Republic in 1958. However, the Gaullist Party remained the main force in parliament and Jacques Chirac was appointed Prime Minister. Chirac resigned in August 1976 and in December 1976 the RPR was created in order to restore the Gaullist domination over the institutions of the French republic.
Though retaining its support for the president's government, the RPR criticized the executive duo composed of President Giscard d'Estaing and Prime Minister Raymond Barre. Its first master stroke was in March 1977 the election of Chirac as Mayor of Paris against Michel d'Ornano, a close friend of President Giscard d'Estaing. Nevertheless, it was faced with the creation of the Union for French Democracy (UDF), a confederation of the parties supporting the presidential policies and which competed for the leadership over the right. Consequently, the stake of the 1978 legislative election was not only the victory of the right over the left, but the domination of the RPR over the UDF in the parliamentary majority.
Given the increasing unpopularity of the executive duo, and with a view to the next presidential election, the RPR became increasingly critical. In December 1978, six months before the European Parliament election, the Call of Cochin signed by Chirac denounced the appropriation of France by "the foreign party," which sacrificed the national interests and the independence of the country in order to build a federal Europe. This accusation clearly targeted Giscard d'Estaing. RPR leaders contrasted this as coming from the social doctrine of Gaullism as opposed to a perceived liberalism on the part of the President.
As RPR candidate at the 1981 presidential election, Chirac formulated vigorous condemnations of President Giscard d'Estaing, who ran for a second term. Eliminated in the first round, Chirac refused to give an endorsement for the second round, though he did say privately that he would vote for Giscard d'Estaing. In fact, the RPR was expected to work for the defeat of the incumbent president.
|
founded by
| 27,962 | 61,202 |
[
"Nazi Party",
"headquarters location",
"Munich"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Nazi Party<\e1> and <e2>Munich<\e2>.
History
Origins and early years: 1918–1923
The Nazi Party grew out of smaller political groups with a nationalist orientation that formed in the last years of World War I. In 1918, a league called the Freier Arbeiterausschuss für einen guten Frieden (Free Workers' Committee for a good Peace) was created in Bremen, Germany. On 7 March 1918, Anton Drexler, an avid German nationalist, formed a branch of this league in Munich. Drexler was a local locksmith who had been a member of the militarist Fatherland Party during World War I and was bitterly opposed to the armistice of November 1918 and the revolutionary upheavals that followed. Drexler followed the views of militant nationalists of the day, such as opposing the Treaty of Versailles, having antisemitic, anti-monarchist and anti-Marxist views, as well as believing in the superiority of Germans whom they claimed to be part of the Aryan "master race" (Herrenvolk). However, he also accused international capitalism of being a Jewish-dominated movement and denounced capitalists for war profiteering in World War I. Drexler saw the political violence and instability in Germany as the result of the Weimar Republic being out-of-touch with the masses, especially the lower classes. Drexler emphasised the need for a synthesis of völkisch nationalism with a form of economic socialism, in order to create a popular nationalist-oriented workers' movement that could challenge the rise of communism and internationalist politics. These were all well-known themes popular with various Weimar paramilitary groups such as the Freikorps.
|
headquarters location
| 27,963 | 61,206 |
[
"Nazi Party",
"headquarters location",
"Brown House"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Nazi Party<\e1> and <e2>Brown House<\e2>.
Reichsleiter
Directly subjected to the Führer were the Reichsleiter ("Reich Leader(s)"—the singular and plural forms are identical in German), whose number was gradually increased to eighteen. They held power and influence comparable to the Reich Ministers' in Hitler's Cabinet. The eighteen Reichsleiter formed the "Reich Leadership of the Nazi Party" (Reichsleitung der NSDAP), which was established at the so-called Brown House in Munich. Unlike a Gauleiter, a Reichsleiter did not have individual geographic areas under their command, but were responsible for specific spheres of interest.
|
headquarters location
| 27,965 | 61,210 |
[
"Nazi Party",
"founded by",
"Anton Drexler"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Nazi Party<\e1> and <e2>Anton Drexler<\e2>.
History
Origins and early years: 1918–1923
The Nazi Party grew out of smaller political groups with a nationalist orientation that formed in the last years of World War I. In 1918, a league called the Freier Arbeiterausschuss für einen guten Frieden (Free Workers' Committee for a good Peace) was created in Bremen, Germany. On 7 March 1918, Anton Drexler, an avid German nationalist, formed a branch of this league in Munich. Drexler was a local locksmith who had been a member of the militarist Fatherland Party during World War I and was bitterly opposed to the armistice of November 1918 and the revolutionary upheavals that followed. Drexler followed the views of militant nationalists of the day, such as opposing the Treaty of Versailles, having antisemitic, anti-monarchist and anti-Marxist views, as well as believing in the superiority of Germans whom they claimed to be part of the Aryan "master race" (Herrenvolk). However, he also accused international capitalism of being a Jewish-dominated movement and denounced capitalists for war profiteering in World War I. Drexler saw the political violence and instability in Germany as the result of the Weimar Republic being out-of-touch with the masses, especially the lower classes. Drexler emphasised the need for a synthesis of völkisch nationalism with a form of economic socialism, in order to create a popular nationalist-oriented workers' movement that could challenge the rise of communism and internationalist politics. These were all well-known themes popular with various Weimar paramilitary groups such as the Freikorps.
|
founded by
| 27,963 | 61,212 |
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