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INTRODUCTION: Researchers at DNV-GL did a fine report for the New York Independent System Operator a few years ago. Titled A Review of Distributed Energy Resources, it offered this definition of the various distributed energy resources (DERs) examined in the report: “… DER technologies are defined as ‘behind-the-meter’ power generation and storage resources typically located on an end-use customer’s premises and operated for the purpose of supplying all or a portion of the customer’s electric load. Such resources may also be capable of injecting power into the transmission and/or distribution system or into a non-utility local network in parallel with the utility grid. These DERs include such technologies as solar photovoltaic (PV), combined heat and power (CHP) or cogeneration systems, microgrids, wind turbines, micro turbines, back-up generators and energy storage.” Granted, the research team did acknowledge that some sources – including the New York Public Service Commission – included customer load in its list of DERs, but load wasn’t one of the DERs covered in the report. That’s too bad because load can hold its own against other DERs for a variety of grid-supportive purposes. The more, the mightier The versatility of load as a DER is what makes it so powerful. Unlike most behind-the-meter generation, which also is variable in nature, load is always available somewhere, provided there is a big enough collection of assets connected to the load-control network. More important, there is plenty of process storage available. Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Lab found that processes performed within the top 30 industries in the U.S. alone could deliver flexibility equal to some 26 gigawatts of storage. That’s why load can be used for things like renewables firming. For example, Enbala provides this service for a utility in the Maritimes region of Canada, using some 30 customer sites with approximately 2,000 connected loads to provide a reliable and dispatchable three megawatts of capacity in response to utility signals. This real-time, dynamic response solution operates non-stop, and it meets energy dispatch requests that call for a specified increase or decrease in energy consumption over 15-minute intervals. Load is also being used today for many other grid balancing purposes: Regulation service – Multiple independent system operators are using flexible load to support frequency regulation in their service territories. In the case of the ISOs with whom Enbala is working, the DER control and optimization platform dispatches optimal power set points to connected load assets every two seconds, with the set points considering the status of the load, customer-defined constraints, process storage and current power consumption of each asset in the network, as well as other site-specific processes that may affect the operation of these assets. Each load asset responds to delivered set points, and the aggregated response tracks the target signal requested by the grid operator. Fast ramping capacity or contingency reserve service – Load curtailment has long been used for contingency reserve, but now the fast-response that grid operators can get with loads as distributed energy resources is all the more important. That’s because increasing penetration of solar PV is creating the need for fast-ramping resources at day-end, when solar production is subsiding and residents are just getting home, ready to fire up their air conditioners, clothes dryers, dishwashers and other electricity-using appliances. Connected loads, as part of a connected network that may well also include distributed generation, storage and other DERs, can deliver capacity to the grid within minutes of notification. Peak-demand management – Constraint-based load management systems let customers define their own site- and asset-specific parameters for determining how much load flexibility they can offer and when they’ll offer it. They also allow customer-defined peak-demand periods as system constraints to avoid peak-demand charges or high-peak, time-based rates. This application also can shift the energy consumption for demand-charge mitigation. Using flexible load for peak demand management helps utilities and energy service providers support the grid and simultaneously deliver immediate value to their end customers. Voltage management – One of the biggest problems high levels of solar PV penetration can bring is voltage excursions on the distribution system. That’s because injecting real power on a circuit causes voltage to rise at the point of common coupling.. But, when that injection of real power goes away or subsides – as it does when clouds cover a solar PV panel – voltage drops instantly. Not surprisingly, such PV impacts have already caused voltage trouble in areas with high PV penetration, including Hawaii, California and Germany. One way grid operators control voltage is with volt amperes reactive or VARs, which don’t travel well down power lines without creating line loss. This is why volt/VAR balance should be maintained locally. Synchronous motors and synchronous condensers can create or absorb VARs, and distributed energy resource management systems can – and should be able to - bring those reactive devices into play to support distribution system voltage. Power electronics also can be used to supply or absorb VARs, managing volt-VAR balance using algorithms that calculate and control grid assets to optimal voltage targets along the length of a feeder. The result is a predictable voltage profile between controlled nodes along the entire length of a feeder with line losses significantly reduced. This allows for a dramatic increase in the penetration of intermittent DERs without negatively impacting the power quality for neighboring customers. It also minimizes the impacts of intermittency on the utility by reducing or eliminating voltage excursions and reducing tap changer operations. Despite the benefit, this approach to voltage management must be done with a DER-management system that is drawing on DERs – including loads – from several customer sites and devices. Why? Because if a large percentage of loads on a single feeder suddenly stopped drawing current at the same time, more voltage excursions might result. Care must be taken to ensure that the DER control software used is designed to optimize power flows across the entire grid system. CONCLUSION: When it comes to keeping our power grids in balance, distributed energy resources offer loads of opportunities (pun intended!). Much can be accomplished by leveraging the power of flexible loads in and of themselves. When combined with storage, demand response, smart inverters, CHP, virtual power plants and other distributed energy resources, flexible loads will help enable a future where supply and demand can respond to each other dynamically, benefitting customers, utilities and grid operators alike.	https://blog.enbala.com/load
Trees, shrubs, perennial plants and annual plants are all affected by soil pH. Some of them thrive in acidic soil with a pH of 6.9 or lower, some prefer a neutral soil with a pH near 7 and some like an alkaline soil with a pH of 7.1 or higher. When trees, shrubs and plants are grown in soil with the wrong pH, they may not be able to absorb necessary nutrients, even if the nutrients are present in the soil. It is possible to change the pH to suit a particular plant but you first must figure out the natural pH of the soil. Soil test kits are readily available to home gardeners. They are commonly sold at nurseries and garden centers. Steps Part 1 Knowing When to Test - 1Check the pH and nutrient levels of the soil before planting trees, shrubs, perennials or annuals. Species that thrive in the soil pH that occurs naturally are more likely to do well, especially trees, but the pH can be adjusted to suit a particular plant. - 2Consider checking the pH if your plants keep getting diseases. If the plants are already growing and have developed chlorosis or yellow foliage, the pH should be checked and adjusted immediately. - 3Check your pH if you suspect chlorosis. Chlorosis can be caused by a variety of things including too little or too much direct sunlight, herbicides, insect infestation and unusually extreme temperatures but it is most often caused by a deficiency in iron. Even if the sufficient iron is present in the soil, which it usually is, if the pH is too high the plant is unable to absorb it. - Chlorosis is indicated by leaves that become pale green or yellow. When the pH is not adjusted immediately, the foliage dies, branches become stunted and flowering plants may not bloom. Part 2 Determining if Your Soil is Acidic or Alkaline - 1Do your own at-home test before purchasing a pH test kit. To determine if the soil is acidic, neutral or alkaline, a quick test can be done before purchasing a soil pH test kit. Take 1 tablespoon of soil from the garden and let it dry. - Bring 1 cup of water to a boil in a pan with a lid. Put 2 cups of chopped red cabbage into the boiling water, cover the pan and let it continue to boil until the water changes to dark purple. - 2Pour the purple water into a bowl through a colander to remove the pieces of cabbage. Let the water cool. Measure 2 tablespoons of the purple water into a white saucer along with 1/8 teaspoon of baking soda. - Stir the baking soda into the water until it changes color. - 3Take note of the new color. It should be blue or green, indicating that the water is alkaline. Use a dropper to add clear vinegar to the water one drop at a time until the water changes color again. - It should be red, indicating the water is acidic. - 4Place 1/2 teaspoon of the dry soil in a clean white saucer. Use the dropper to add enough purple cabbage water to thoroughly wet the soil. Tip the saucer from side to side for one minute. Hold the saucer at an angle so the water runs to the side of the soil and note the color of the water. - Blue or green, the same color as the test sample after baking soda was added, means the soil is too alkaline for most plants. - Red, the color of the test sample after adding vinegar, means the soil is too acidic. - If the color of the water drained from the soil is purple or purple-blue, it means the soil pH is neutral to slightly acidic which is ideal for most plants. Part 3 Collecting the Sample - 1Dig a bit deeper to get your soil sample. The soil sample collected for testing with the pH test kit should not be taken from the top because the roots of most plants are at least 2 to 4 inches below the top of the soil. The pH may be slightly different at the top so the sample should be taken from where the roots of the plant will be absorbing moisture and nutrients. - Soil samples from areas where grass and annuals will grow should be collected from 2 to 3 inches deep. - Soil samples for shrubs, trees and perennial plants should be collected from 4 inches deep. - 2Wear gloves when collecting and working with the samples. Human hands can alter the soil sample pH. Use a hand trowel or dirt shovel to dig away the top 2 to 4 inches of soil. - Collect 1 to 2 tablespoons of test sample soil, remove any pebbles or debris and place the soil in a clean bowl to dry overnight. - 3Smooth out the soil sample. After the sample dries, crush it up by hand or with the back of a spoon until it is loose and fine-textured. - 4Take samples from a few different areas if the garden or yard is large. If the pH needs to be checked in different gardens in the yard, take a sample from each garden. The pH can be different in one part of the yard than it is in another. This is especially true of soil along a house foundation where lime tends to leach into the soil from the concrete and raise the pH. Part 4 Testing the pH and Nutrient Levels - 1Put the soil sample into the test chamber included in the test kit. Fill it only to the soil line indicated on the test chamber. Pour the test powder over the soil. - 2Add distilled water to the test chamber using a dropper. Fill it only to the water fill line indicated on the test chamber. Place the cap on the test chamber. Make sure it is tightly sealed. - Shake the test chamber vigorously to thoroughly mix the soil, powder and water. - 3Set the test chamber down and wait for a minute or two until the soil settles back to the bottom and the watercolor changes. Hold the pH chart provided in the kit up next to the test chamber to determine the soil pH. - Do the comparison in bright indirect light to get the most accurate reading. Direct sunlight can make the solution appear slightly lighter. - 4Collect samples for nutrient levels at the same depth as those for pH. However, you should collect 1 whole cup rather than a couple tablespoons. Allow the soil to dry and crush it up. Pour the soil into a large, clean container with a lid that seals tightly. - 5Pour 5 cups of distilled water into the container with the soil. Shake or stir it vigorously for a minimum of one minute. Let the soil and water mixture sit undisturbed for up to 24 hours until the soil settles to the bottom. - 6Use a dropper to fill the test chambers and reference chambers in the container provided with the kit with the test sample water. Fill it only to the water fill line on the chamber. - Use only the water without disturbing the soil at the bottom of the container. - 7Put the test chemical into the water. There will be a different chemical for nitrogen, phosphorous and potash. - For example, the chemical used to test for nitrogen may be purple, the chemical for phosphorus may be blue and the chemical for potash may be orange. - 8Seal the test chamber tightly and shake it vigorously. Let it sit for 10 minutes to allow the color to develop. Check it against the chart in bright indirect sunlight to determine nutrient levels. - 9Do a separate test for nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. Thoroughly wash and rinse the test chamber between tests. If the test indicates that one of these nutrients is high or already at acceptable levels, use a fertilizer that does not contain that nutrient. - 10Pick out your fertilizer. Fertilizers list the ratio of nutrients as Nitrogen-Phosphorous-Potash or N-P-K. If nitrogen levels in the soil are at an acceptable level, use fertilizer with a ratio of 0-10-10 or something similar. - When plants get excessive amounts of nitrogen, they will either grow excessive amounts of stems and foliage or the roots could be burned. - If it is a flowering plant, it will put on lush new foliage but may not bloom. If nitrogen levels are low but phosphorus and potash levels are acceptable or high, use fertilizer with a ratio of 10-0-0. Phosphorus helps plants bloom and potash helps them develop strong stems and improves their ability to absorb and utilize sunlight. Part 5 Verifying with a Digital Analyzer (Optional) - 1Consider purchasing a digital soil analyzer. Digital soil analyzers make testing your soil a little easier. They are available at garden centers and online. - 2Remove the top 2 inches of soil at the test site with a dirt shovel. Loosen the next 5 inches of soil with a shovel and pick out any hard clumps of soil, stones, sticks or other debris. - Pour distilled water over the soil until it is muddy and pack it down by hand to remove any air pockets. - 3Wear rubber gloves to avoid altering the soil pH with your skin. Polish the analyzer probe with the polishing cloth provided the analyzer, running the cloth from the tip to the meter then wipe it again with a cotton ball to remove any dirt or residue. - Do not polish or wipe the tip of the probe. - 4Turn the analyzer on. Use the arrow button on the analyzer to select “pH” or “Fertility,” depending on what you are testing. Insert the probe 4 to 5 inches deep into the wet soil. If it does not slide in easily, pull it out and insert it in a different spot. - Do not force it into the soil as this could damage the probe. - 5Twist the probe back and forth in the mud a few times to insure good contact with the soil. Wait sixty seconds, pull the probe out of the soil and check the digital read-out on the meter. - If the read-out is 7 or above, wipe the soil off the probe with a cotton ball and repeat the test, inserting the probe in a different spot in the mud and leaving it in for 30 seconds. - If the initial read-out is below 7, wipe off the soil and repeat the test, leaving the probe in for 60 seconds. The digital read-out from the second test is the actual pH or fertility of the soil. Community Q&A Tips - These kits can also be used to test the soil for nitrogen, phosphorus and potash which are nutrients necessary for healthy plant growth. If the soil is lacking in one of these nutrients, fertilizer can be used to adjust it to acceptable levels. Sources and Citations - ↑ http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-home-gardener/advice-tips-resources/pests-and-problems/environmental/iron-chlorosis.aspx - ↑ https://forest.umaine.edu/files/2011/05/soilph_science_page.pdf - ↑ https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/Portals/0/Gardening/Gardening%20Help/Factsheets/Soil%20Fertility%20and%20Fertilizers42.pdf Article Info Categories: Soil Chemistry Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 3,004 times.	https://www.wikihow.com/Do-a-Home-Soil-Test
Soil structure can have a determining influence on crop growth. To allow easy plant root growth the soil structure needs to be of a particular size, shape and packing to maintain the necessary balance of air and water in the soil. Appropriate soil bed preparation is essential for ensuring good crop growth. Soil is made up of inorganic mineral particles, organic matter (including living organisms), air and water. Soil aggregates are a mixture of sand and silt bound together by clay, organic matter and other soil components. A plant’s ability to get water and nutrients from the soil is largely controlled by the number and length of its roots. The rate of root growth (between 1 mm and 50 mm/day) depends on soil temperature, soil moisture, soil aeration and soil strength (a soil’s resistance to penetration). Roots prefer to grow through existing cracks and pore spaces in the soil and grow between soil aggregates. Roots and essential soil microorganisms need oxygen to grow and root growth will stop when soil aggregates are packed too tightly and soil pores are smaller than a certain size (less than 0.2 mm). This is commonly observed when soils are compacted due to stock pressure during wet weather and/or heavy machinery. The fertility level of a soil is influenced by many factors: underlying parent material, amount of organic matter, paddock history, previous nutrient application and frequency of stock grazing. All these variables influence how nutrients are stored in the soil and then how they become available to the plant. Nutrient requirements are different for specific crops and it is important to understand the existing fertility status of a paddock before planting a new crop. Taking a soil test prior to planting the crop, allows you time to apply nutrients to adjust soil fertility and remedy existing nutrient deficiencies. Crop yield is often limited when an essential nutrient is deficient, even when other nutrients are in sufficient supply (as demonstrated in the image below). In the 19th century, the German scientist Justus von Liebig formulated the “Law of the Minimum,” which states that if one of the essential plant nutrients is deficient, plant growth will be poor even when all other essential nutrients are abundant. Macronutrients are nutrients required by plants in large quantities for optimal growth: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulphur (S), magnesium (Mg), carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H). Micronutrients (or trace minerals) are nutrients required by plants in smaller quantities: iron (Fe), boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni). Soil pH is a measure of the acidity and alkalinity in soils. The optimal pH range for most plants is between 5.5 and 7.0, with a pH of 5.5 being slightly acidic, 7 being neutral and 7+ being alkaline. Soil pH greatly affects the availability of some plant nutrients, resulting in acidic soils requiring applications of lime (calcium carbonate) to increase the soil pH and reduce acidity. The macronutrients, nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) are less affected directly by soil pH than many other nutrients. Phosphorus (P), is directly affected by soil pH and at acidic pH values, phosphate ions react with aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) to form less soluble compounds, meaning phosphate becomes less available to plants in those soils. When lime is applied, the phosphate ions react quickly with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) to form more soluble compounds, resulting in phosphate becoming more readily available to the plant. Most of the other nutrients (micronutrients especially) tend to be less available when soil pH is above 7.5 and are optimally available at a slightly acidic pH, e.g. 6.5 to 6.8. The exception is molybdenum (Mo), which appears to be less available under acidic pH and more available at moderately alkaline pH values.	https://www.agricom.co.nz/management-advice/soil-fertility
What is pH? pH is the measure of alkalinity and acidity in the soil. Soil pH is measured on a scale of 0-14. Neutral soil is a 7. Soil pH below 7 is acidic and soil pH above 7 is alkaline. Why is soil pH important? The pH of soil determines its ability to provide nutrients. If the pH isn’t correct for the plant type or grass, then the plant or turf will not absorb nutrients the way it needs to. The majority of plants prefer a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Midwest turf grows better when soil pH is between 6.5 and 7.2. All plants have a soil pH that they prefer. For some plants, the pH range can be quite broad. For other plants, the pH needs are very specific. Knowing the pH needs of the plants you are growing will go a long ways towards having a successful lawn or garden. If you know what the requirements of your turf or plants are, you can amend your soil to meet their needs. Alternately, if you know the pH of your soil, you can plant types that will do well in that soil. Soil pH also affects how well pesticides will work, determines the mobility of heavy metals, and influences microbial activity. What determines the pH of soil? Minerals in the soil, climate, and temperature are the main natural determinants of soil pH. Soil that has been used for gardening or farming previously is affected by the use of fertilizers. In most cases, the soil has been acidified through the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers. In tidal flats and near mining locations where the soil has been drained, it is usually very acidic. How do I test my soil pH? There are a variety of ways to test the pH of your soil There are kits that can be purchased online or at garden stores at a minimal cost. The dye and paper strip kits are the least expensive and the best choice for hobby gardeners. Glass electrode meters are more expensive and may not be worth it for most gardeners. All these methods are simple to use and give immediate results. How often should I test the pH? The pH of your soil will change during the year. Temperature and moisture changes affect the soil and may raise or lower your soil’s pH by a whole unit of measurement. You should test your soil at least once a year and always test after you have amended it. How do I change the pH of my soil? To increase the pH of your soil, to make it more alkaline, add finely ground limestone to the soil. Finely ground limestone is absorbed faster by the soil than chunkier varieties. Limestone will react faster to the soil when the ground is moist and the temperature is warm. The amount of limestone you will need depends entirely on the current pH of your soil and the actual type of soil you have. Adding a nitrogen fertilizer designed to increase the pH is also a good option. Not all nitrogen fertilizers are this type, so make sure you use the correct one. To lower the pH of your soil, add a nitrogen fertilizer with anhydrous ammonia. Double check to make sure you are getting the correct one with ammonia since other nitrogen fertilizers will increase the pH.	https://homeandgardenlawncare.com/understanding-soil-ph/
With project lists you can... Please sign in or create an account to use Project Lists The pH level is a measure of acidity that is represented by a value between 0 and 14. Acidic soil has a pH value below 7.0 and alkaline soil has a value above 7.0. Different plants thrive in different soil conditions, and because soil provides many of the nutrients and minerals that plants need, getting the right pH level is important. The wrong pH level will mean that your plants may become nutrient deficient and struggle to grow. It's a good idea to test the pH level of your soil before designing or planting a new garden, creating a vegetable plot or planting varieties of fruit. You should also test when you are disappointed in the growth of your garden or some foliage is starting to show evidence of yellowing. You may even want to consider testing your soil in a few different parts of your garden. You'd be surprised how much the pH levels can vary. Another thing to note is that if you've already added lime, fertiliser or organic matter to your soil recently, you'll need to wait three months before you get an accurate reading. To test your soil pH level, a simple and effective way is to use a home testing kit. A good tip when taking soil samples from your soil is to get a sample from just below the surface for an accurate reading. Another way to test for the pH level is by using an electronic pH meter. They come with a probe that is inserted into the soil that quickly gives you an accurate reading. After testing your soil, if you have a pH value over 7.0, it indicates you have alkaline soil. This will mean that your soil is low on nutrients like phosphorus, iron and manganese. To increase the acidity in your soil, you can add things like compost and manure, leaf matter or clippings from your garden or mulch. However, make sure you avoid using mushroom compost and poultry manures as these will drastically increase the alkalinity. A powdered sulphur may be needed to help if the pH reading is excessively high. Some vegetables like a slightly alkaline soil with a value between 7.0 and 8.0. These include asparagus, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, grapevines, leeks and turnips. If your soil has a pH value below 7.0, it is acidic, which is the case with most Australian soils. This may be a problem as many soil nutrients become more soluble under these conditions and can be easily washed away by rain or watering. Nutrients you may lose include calcium, potassium, magnesium and copper. Another thing to note is that in very acidic soil, bacteria can rot organic matter resulting in plant damage. The easiest way to balance acidic soil is to add lime, dolomite or poultry manure. There are many vegetables and fruits that will thrive in acidic soil with a pH value below 7.0. These include blueberries, beans, broccoli, beets, garlic, kale, lettuce, peas, potatoes, onions and spinach. We've got plenty of easy D.I.Y. projects, tips and ideas for any size garden. Asbestos, lead-based paints and copper chromium arsenic (CCA) treated timber are health hazards you need to look out for when renovating older homes. These substances can easily be disturbed when renovating and exposure to them can cause a range of life-threatening diseases and conditions including cancer. For information on the dangers of asbestos, lead-based paint and CCA treated timber and tips for dealing with these materials contact your local council's Environmental Health Officer or visit our Health & Safety page. When following our advice in our D.I.Y. videos, make sure you use all equipment, including PPE, safely by following the manufacturer’s instructions. Check that the equipment is suitable for the task and that PPE fits properly. If you are unsure, hire an expert to do the job or talk to a Bunnings Team Member.	https://www.bunnings.com.au/diy-advice/garden/planting-and-growing/how-to-test-and-adjust-your-soil-ph-level
When it comes to maintaining organic gardening soil, the main thing to check for is pH level. The pH spectrum ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is considered neutral while 0 is totally acidic and 14 is totally alkaline (basic). Soil testing is important since certain plants prefer a bit of an acid or alkaline environment to grow. The pH level of organic gardening soil changes due to certain conditions and therefore needs to be monitored regularly. Most food-bearing plants prefer a soil that is just slightly acidic in the range of 6.3 to 6.8. Crops such as potatoes and strawberries thrive in even more acidic conditions. Plants such as blueberries and cranberries need a soil as acidic as 4.5 to 5.0 in order to grow. Few food crops require a basic soil with a reading of over 7.0, but some flowers such as lilacs can flourish in even a chalky soil. The main thing that affects soil pH levels is rainfall. Rain drives away basic elements magnesium and calcium while replacing them with the acidic elements aluminum and iron. Heavy rainfall creates a more acidic soil, so soil pH levels should be checked following a heavy rainfall or long drought. To increase or decrease the pH level of your soil organically, there are various elements you can use. Nitrogen and phosphorous, which are common ingredients in organic gardening fertilizers, increase a soil’s pH level. Other elements that work in this way include calcium, lime and magnesium. In the event that you need to increase the acidity (decrease the pH level) of your organic gardening soil (not uncommon in times of heavy drought), metals such as copper, iron, aluminum, manganese, zinc and cobalt are useful. Symptoms of a soil that is too basic are the yellowing of leaves. This is a sign of a nutrient deficiency which calls for lowering the soil’s pH level. Organic gardeners should focus on two elements with regards to fertilizers: phosphorous and nitrogen. Potassium is also an important element, though a bit less so than the other two. There is really no single organic fertilizer source that provides ample quantities of both phosphate and nitrogen. As a result of this, it is important to blend multiple fertilizer sources to give your plants everything they need to grow. There is a difference in the way soil reacts to phosphorous and nitrogen. Excess phosphorous is stored in soil where nitrogen evaporates. For this reason, organic gardeners will always need to supplement their crops with nitrogen, but phosphorous will not always be necessary if enough have built up in the soil. In order to fertilizer your organic garden, you’re going to need to do a little math. For example, a common organic gardening fertilizer recommendation could is 100 pounds of each nitrogen and phosphorous per acre. Let’s say organic gardener Jim has a quarter of an acre of plants he needs to fertilize. This means Jim needs 25 pounds of nitrogen and 25 pounds of phosphorous to put into his soil. If Jim is using a the fertilizer blend fish meal, he’ll be putting about 9% nitrogen and 2.5% phosphorous for each pound he puts into his soil. So if Jim puts 250 pounds of fish meal on his crops, he’ll get about 22.5 pounds of nitrogen and 6.25 pounds of phosphorous. So as you can see, if Jim applies this fish meal fertilizer, Jim’s job is not done. He still needs 2.5 pounds of nitrogen and 18.75 pounds of phosphorous. To achieve this, Jim can supplement his fish meal fertilizer with bone meal, a fertilizer high in phosphorous but fairly low in nitrogen. Bone meal is 22% phosphorous and 3.5% nitrogen. If Jim adds 80 pounds of bone meal to his crops, he’ll add 17.6 pounds of phosphorous and 2.8 pounds of nitrogen. When added to his fish meal fertilizer, this brings his total phosphorous to 23.85 pounds and his total nitrogen to 25.3 pounds. While that’s not exactly 25 and 25 pounds of each, it’s close enough that Jim’s crops will thrive beautifully. Bone meal is really the only organic fertilizer high in phosphorous (it has 22% while most others have no more than 2 or 3%). For this reason, all organic gardeners will need to use bone meal on their crops. Fertilizers high in nitrogen in addition to fish meal include dried blood (13%), and animal hoofs and horns (also 13%).	http://www.organic-gardening.net/page/2/
The original UPS treaty was collectively agreed upon by GATO, NTO, and -AiD-. Due to unfortunate circumstances, it proved to be short lived. UPS v2.0 was written based on the original UPS treaty, by Medic of the Northern Treaty Organization. Following the leave of every signatory excluding GATO, UPS was officially disbanded on July 21, 2008, following GATO's surrender to the New Pacific Order in the aftermath of the GATO - One Vision War. Preamble In the spirit of acquaintanceship, this accession, based on our devoir to the team color composed of red, orange, and green, is hereby confounded & re-declared by the following Alliances: - Northern Treaty Organization (NTO), reformed as the Elitist Global Superstructure (EGS) - Global Alliance and Treaty Organization (GATO) - New Order of Independence (NOI) - Mighty Armed States of Honor (MAS*H) - 1 Touch Football (1TF) - Browncoats (BC) Signed on the 19th of December 2007, having been ratified by the government of each alliance. Re-signed with the unanimous acceptance of Browncoats 30 March 2008 Definitions of Signatory Status and Type 1: The term “signatory” and “under-signatory” are hereby noted to proclaim the type of an alliance’s compliance with the treaty. 2 Articles contain a header denoting to whom the article applies to. 2.1 Within each article, the term “signatory” or “signatories” applies to whomever the header of the article denotes, be it signatory or under-signatory, unless otherwise noted. Article 1: Signatories and Under-signatories agree 1.1 The signatory alliances and their members, will display a general respect for each and every member of the other signatory alliances, in public and in private, as a gesture of goodwill and perpetual friendship. 1.2 If any members of the signatory alliances are in need of aid, the other alliances will, to the best of their ability, provide such aid. Aid can include though is not limited to, the transfer of funds, soldiers, technology or diplomatic assistance. 1.3 Such aid must be within the limits of reality, and not without reason. An acceptable reason must be stated, or else aid will not be forth coming. Any aid requests made under false pretenses shall be viewed as a breach of this treaty. 1.4 Aid can be sent between the signatory alliances, even if one signatory alliance is at war with a party with which another signatory alliance has a standing non-aggression pact. This agreement shall supersede, in relation to aid only, all standard non-aggression pacts by the signatory alliances. Article 2: Signatories and Under-signatories agree 2.1 The signatory alliances shall refrain from any overt or covert offensive action against another signatory member, including any action taken with the intention of provoking war by proxy. 2.2 The signatory alliances shall refrain from giving support or comfort, military, financial, or otherwise, to any enemies of any other signatory. Treaties other than standard NAP's shall not be signed with any enemy of any other signatory; this shall not apply to any existing treaties signed prior to this pact. 2.3 The signatory alliances shall refrain from using team sanctions against the members of other signatory alliances without the consent of the government of the alliance of the targeted nation. 2.4 The signatory alliances agree, in the event a member nation of any signatory alliance is attacked by a member of another signatory alliance, the nation attacking shall be subject to the following: 2.4a. The nation attacking shall immediately offer peace to the nation being attacked. 2.4b. The nation attacking will be responsible for all reparations to be paid for damages accrued. 2.4c. The nation attacking will be subject to criminal sentencing by their alliance government. Article 3 Signatories and Under-signatories agree 3.0 Signatories and under-signatories agree that as representatives of the majority of brown team alliances, UPS holds sovereignty over the brown team senate. 3.1 The signatory alliances agree that the brown team senate seats, shall not be fixed to any one alliance, and shall be open for any signatory alliance with the numbers to gain a seat, unless otherwise agreed upon by all signatories. Signatory alliances may choose to combine their votes towards a single shared candidate if they wish. 3.2 Each signatory alliance is free to vote for as many members from their alliance for the team senate as decided by each alliance government. Members of signatory alliances shall not vote for any nation who is not a member of another signatory alliance. 3.3 The signatory alliances agree, in the event one or more of their members currently holds a team senate seat, to comply with all reasonable requests from other signatory alliances regarding team sanctions, within the bounds of article 2, clause 3. Article 4 Signatories and Under-signatories agree 4.1 The signatory alliances agree to share all information of worth to the other party. It is agreed that this information shall not be falsified, or changed in any way that benefits any party, signed or not. Such falsifications shall be regarded as a breach of treaty. 4.2 The signatory alliances agree that any intelligence or information relating to a potential threat to any member of a signatory alliance shall be communicated to the relevant alliance as a matter of utmost urgency. 4.3 Information of a sensitive nature shall be communicated via chat-based methods. All other information shared under this article shall be posted on the team forum in the area reserved for leaders of each signatory alliance. 4.4 The signatory alliances agree to inform each other of any offensive war involving more than 10 nations if there is any possibility of diplomatic complications. Any defensive war involving more than 10 nations shall be communicated as soon as possible, under the terms of this article. Article 5a: Signatories and Under-signatories agree 5.1a The signatory alliances agree to respect the sovereignty of all other signatory alliances, and of all alliances inhabiting the brown team. They shall refrain from encouraging or demanding the relocation or disbandment of any brown team alliance, unless agreed to by a unanimous vote of the signatory alliances governing bodies. 5.2a In the case that any alliance attempts to violate the sovereignty of a signatory to this pact, by demanding its relocation or disbandment from the brown team, or through military action against a signatory alliance with the intention of the total destruction of the alliance and its members, the signatories of this act are not required, but advised to provide military, economic, and/or diplomatic support in aid of the targeted alliance. Article 5b: Signatories (only) agree 5b: Signatory alliances agree to communicate intent of an offensive war involving any alliance with 10 or greater members, and must have the permission of fellow signatories to commit said offensive war. Advance notice must be given 3 days before any offensive military action, unless the military action is in defense of another non-signatory MDP partner. 5.0.1b Signatories shall not engage in offensive military action against any alliance which a fellow signatory is obligated by treaty to defend. 5.0.2b Any pre-emptive conflict in which there is beforehand knowledge of attempted aggressive actions by a non-signatory alliance towards a signatory alliance shall be labeled a defensive war. 5.1b Signatory alliances are required to provide military aid to other signatories in cases of defensive conflict immediately, if requested by the targeted alliance. However, if the attacked alliance(s) are under assault due to covert activities or have proven to have caused the war with no attempts to remedy the situation, it shall be deemed an aggressive action. 5.1.1b The defense pact does not carry over multiple chains. IE: If a signatory attacks another alliance in defense of a non-signatory alliance, signatories are not required to, but are strongly encouraged to assist the signatory alliance should another alliance attack them due to their original attack. 5.2b Signatory alliances may offer military assistance to any fellow signatory in the event of an offensive war. Notice of all of offensive military actions shall be given no less than 2 days (48 hours) in advance of action. 5.3b In cases where multiple signatories are involved in war with the same external party, no signatory shall come to an agreement with the external party without advanced notice and the agreement of the warring signatories to this pact, including but not limited to alliance surrenders and ceasefires. Notice of any intent to surrender or obtain a ceasefire must be given at least 2 days (48 hours) in advance. Article 6 Signatories agree 6.1 As representatives of the Brown Team, all members of UPS reserve right to intervene in any situations involving alliances that deemed to be hazardous to brown stability and unity. By no means does this cover individual nations outside of established alliances. Article 7 Signatories and Under-signatories agree 7.1 The signatory alliances agree by signing this treaty, they are implied signatories of the Brown Team Trading Pact (BTTP), found here: http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dhqmcnsz_1g6xhkd 7.1.1 Signatories of the BTTP are not retroactive to this treaty and must be signatories of this treaty to receive the benefits of it. 7.1.2 Any terms and articles in the BTTP shall not override terms laid out in this treaty. Article 8 Signatories and Under-signatories agree 8.1 This pact shall be binding in full on all signatory alliances, and all members of a signatory alliance, until such time as a signatory withdraws from the pact, or the pact is cancelled in full by mutual decision of the signatories. 8.2 In the event a signatory alliance wishes to withdraw from this pact, they must give four (4) days notice to all other signatory alliances, and provide a full explanation in their embassy on each signatories’ forum as to the reasons for their withdrawal. 8.3 In the event a member nation of any signatory alliance breaches a clause of this pact, the alliance government of the relevant member shall take reasonable action against the nation to ensure compliance with this pact. 8.4 In the event a signatory alliance breaches a major element of this pact, the other signatory alliances may expel the alliance in breach, by a unanimous vote of the remaining signatory alliances. In the event of minor breaches of this pact by a signatory alliance, the other signatories commit to seek full diplomatic resolution of the matter. 8.5 The terms of this treaty may be amended by a two-thirds (2/3) majority vote of signatory alliances, with each alliance getting one vote. 8.6 Other brown team alliances may be invited to join this pact, via a unanimous vote of the founding signatory alliances. Non-brown team alliances, including multi-team alliances with brown team nations, cannot be invited to sign this pact. 8.7 The terms of this treaty supersede any previous MDPs/NAPs/PIATs or other agreements between signatories.	https://cybernations.fandom.com/wiki/UPS_v2.0?oldid=457624
From 3–14 December, 2012, 151 Member States of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) met in Dubai at the World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT-12) to revise the International Telecommunication Regulations (ITRs), a treaty-level document establishing policies governing international telecommunications services. During the 2-week conference the delegates debated several proposed changes on topics such as international mobile roaming, numbering, naming, addressing, fraud, the Internet, Quality of Service (QoS), etc. In the end, a revised version of the treaty was finalized , but only 89 of the 151 Member States attending signed it. There have been many articles discussing different aspects of the conference and its outcomes. This article provides background on the ITRs and focuses on the potential impact of the WCIT and its revised treaty on development of the Internet. Background The ITRs originated from the development of international telegraphy in Europe in the late 1800s and the need for a treaty defining how the government-operated national telegraph networks would interconnect and interoperate . As telephony and radio communications were invented, new treaties were developed to regulate their international operation. Up until the 1980s most telephone and telegraph companies were government-owned monopolies with some government licensed private companies operating as a monopoly. In 1988, the separate telegraph and telephone treaties were merged into the International Telecommunications Regulations while the Radio Regulations remained a separate treaty. By 1988, though some liberalization and privatization had started in a few countries in some regions, most international telecommunications services globally were still provided by monopoly, government-owned carriers, and services were dominated by voice rather than data. International Internet connectivity and traffic were practically nonexistent in most countries. Of course, international data traffic (including Internet) was growing in importance to some countries such as the United States and some large multinational companies such as IBM (which wanted to provide international Virtual Private Networks [VPNs]). One important aspect of the ITRs in 1988 was the telephony accounting rate system. Briefly, this system consisted of a calling-party-pays business model for telephony in which the originating country pays the terminating country settlements based on a bilaterally agreed-upon accounting rate. Because developed countries tended to make more calls to developing countries than conversely and the accounting rate tended to be substantially above cost in many cases, the accounting rate system effectively became a subsidy program and a source for hard currency for developing countries. Since 1988 market liberalization, reduced regulation, increased competition, and the rise of the Internet and mobile wireless industries have drastically changed the global communications landscape. In 1997, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opted out of the accounting rate system defined in the ITRs , with many countries subsequently following suit. Voice over the Internet, arbitrage, hubbing, and other factors have reduced the telephony settlements revenue for developing countries. The 1988 ITRs allowed for special arrangements between network operators outside the rules of the ITRs. These special arrangements allowed for the international physical connectivity on which growth of the international Internet depended. As the Internet grew and the telecom market changed, there was increased pressure from some countries to revise the ITRs. Contributions submitted in the preparatory meetings for WCIT-12 reflected widely varying views on the nature and extent of possible changes to the ITRs to account for this greatly changed environment. Although some countries believed that the ITRs should set forth high-level strategic and policy principles that could adapt to further changes in the market, others proposed the inclusion of expanded regulatory provisions of a detailed and specific nature in the ITRs to address a wide range of new concerns and services, including the Internet, or even to include the intergovernmental regulation of content (for example, spam and information security). High-Level Take-Aways Out of 151 countries attending the conference, the treaty was signed by 89 countries, consisting of mostly emerging countries led by Russia, China, Brazil, and the Arab States; 55 countries, including the United States, Japan, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and most of Europe, did not sign at the time. Countries that did not sign the treaty in Dubai can accede to the treaty after the WCIT by notifying the Secretary-General of the ITU. It is quite likely that some countries that did not sign the treaty will accede to it over the next few years. The treaty takes effect on January 1, 2015 (after the 2014 Plenipotentiary Conference). Each signing country has to go through its national process for approval (for example, ratification) before the treaty takes effect for that country. Although there has been a lot of negative commentary on the WCIT in the Internet community, in the end there are some important positive results for the Internet: Some results that could be of concern to the Internet follow: Table 1 lists the Member States that signed and did not sign the treaty in Dubai . Table 1: Treaty Signatories and Nonsignatories Note: Other United Nations (UN) member states were not eligible to sign or did not attend the conference but might still accede to the treaty: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Chad, Dem. People's Republic of Korea, Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Dominica, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Iceland, Kiribati, Lao P.D.R., T.F.Y.R. Macedonia, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritania, Micronesia, Monaco, Myanmar, Nauru, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Romania, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, the Vatican, and Zambia. Proposals and Outcomes When the conference began there were several provisions that either explicitly or implicitly applied to the Internet, including: Although the Secretary-General of the ITU declared that the WCIT was not about the Internet or Internet Governance , by rule, the WCIT had to consider input from its Member States. Given that Member States submitted proposals on the Internet, the Internet and Internet Governance was a substantive topic of discussion. The following sections provide a brief review of some of the more difficult discussions related to the Internet. Security There were several proposals going into the WCIT to include cybersecurity, including information security, in the new ITRs. These proposals generated significant discussions and negotiations during the conference. The final text (Article 5A) is a great improvement over the proposals into the conference in that it focuses on the security and robustness of networks and prevention of technical harm to networks, with no mention of information security or cybersecurity. The new provision mentions that Member States shall "collectively endeavour," a provision that could engender more multilateral discussions in an intergovernmental setting (for example, ITU). Organizations to Which the Treaty Applies The 1988 ITR treaty focused on licensed carriers and government-owned Post, Telephone, and Telegraph (PTT) entities. Proposals into the WCIT would have applied the treaty to a wider range of organizations and companies. In the end, the treaty developed a new term, Authorized Operating Agencies (AOA). The proponents of this new term argued that it does not broaden the scope of the ITRs in terms of the organizations to which it applies. This interpretation of the new term should be supported, but monitored. Internet-Specific Proposals and Resolutions (Resolutions Plen/3 and Plen/5) Proposals were submitted to the WCIT to define the term "Internet" and to encode into the treaty the right of countries to regulate the "national segment" of the Internet. At the end of the first week of WCIT, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, China, United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Sudan, and Russia announced development of a new draft set of Resolutions that contained provisions that Member States shall have the right to manage the Internet, including Internet numbering, naming, addressing, and identification resources. Although the United States, United Kingdom, and others were successful in removing any mention of the Internet from the treaty text, Internet-related language was moved into a nonbinding resolution (Resolution Plen/3) proposed by Russia "to foster an enabling environment for the greater growth of the Internet." Resolution Plen/3 instructs the ITU Secretary-General "to continue to take the necessary steps for ITU to play an active and constructive role in the development of broadband and the multistakeholder model of the Internet as expressed in § 35 of the Tunis Agenda." It also invites Member States to elaborate their positions on Internet-related concerns in the relevant ITU-related fora (something they could have done anyway). This does not look too bad until one reads Paragraph 35 of the Tunis Agenda . This paragraph lays out the roles of each type of stakeholder (private industry, civil society, Intergovernmental Organizations [IGOs], governments, etc.). It reserves an explicit role in "Internet-related public policy issues" for governments and intergovernmental organizations. It does not provide for any role in this area for the private sector or civil society. So although the Resolution seems to support the multistakeholder model of the Internet, it really restricts the roles of several of the main stakeholders. Several countries pushed for inclusion of Paragraph 55 of the Tunis Agenda, recognizing that the existing arrangements have worked effectively, to balance the inclusion of Paragraph 35, but it was not included in the final Resolution. Resolution Plen/3 may be used by some governments to reinforce the ITU's role in Internet Governance, including at future ITU conferences in 2013 and 2014. On the other hand, the Resolution also instructs the Secretary-General "to support the participation of Member States and all other stakeholders, as applicable, in the activities of ITU in this regard." This statement supports participation of all stakeholders in the activities of the ITU, not restricted just to ITU Members, or in the case of ITU Council or some Council Working Groups just to Member States. In signing the Final Acts, Russia added a Declaration/Reservation that it views the Internet as a new global telecommunication infrastructure and reserves the right to implement public policy, including international policy, on matters of Internet Governance. This reservation could signal that Russia plans to apply the telecommunications provisions in the ITRs to the Internet and to further regulate the Internet. In addition to Resolution Plen/3, some of the proposals on the Internet were part of the discussion on Resolution Plen/5. This Resolution began as a basic resolution on invoicing for international telecommunication services, but ended up including numerous other provisions that did not make it into the main text of the treaty. Although the final text does not contain provisions explicitly mentioning the Internet, the introductory text of the Resolution mentions the transition of phone and data networks to IP-based networks. Also, the proposal that evolved into "resolves" originally applied to the relationship between network operators and application providers. During the discussions this proposal was modified to refer to "providers of international services" instead of application providers. Even with this modification, the application of this provision is ambiguous and could be applied to over-the-top providers. Resolution Plen/5 is likely to reinforce work in Study Group 3 on accounting, fraud and charges for international telecommunications service traffic termination and exchange, etc. Telecommunications Traffic Exchange Points A proposal concerning "telecommunication traffic exchange points" was included as an Article in the ITRs. The term "telecommunication traffic exchange point" was left undefined. This article does not mention the Internet or Internet Exchange Points, but the discussion of this Article included discussion on how it related to Internet Exchange Points. At least one delegation indicated that the Article was intended to help enable development of regional Internet Exchange Points. Although this provision raised concerns over possible regulation of Internet Exchange Points, it focuses on creating an enabling environment for creation of regional telecommunication traffic exchange points. This environment could provide support for development of trans-border telecommunications and connectivity. Route-Related Factors Prior to the conference, there were several proposals to require transparency into the international routes used for a Member States' traffic and to allow Member States to control what routes were used between them. Note that the definition of "route" in the ITRs is different from the concept of a "route" on the Internet. In the ITRs, a route is defined as the technical facilities used for telecommunications traffic between two telecommunication terminal exchanges or offices. Coming into the WCIT, the proposal to control routes by Member States was dropped from the proposal, so the debate centered over whether Member States should have the right to know what routes were being used. After much discussion, the final result was a provision allowing "authorized operating agencies" (not Member States) to determine which routes are to be used between them and allowing the originating operator to determine the outbound route for traffic. This provision is not much different from how network operators manage their networks today. Quality of Service Proposals Several proposals were made to WCIT to require QoS to be negotiated between network providers including Internet providers. Some proposals also allowed network providers to charge over-the-top providers for QoS. The final provisions did not add any new requirements for QoS other than a nonspecific requirement related to mobile roaming. Although no new provisions were added specific to the Internet, it does not mean that countries could not try to impose the current QoS provisions to VoIP services. The debate over QoS on the Internet will continue outside the ITRs. Naming, Numbering, and Addressing Proposals Several countries and regions proposed to extend provisions on telephone numbering to include naming, addressing, and origin identifiers. Several proposals were made to require delivery of calling party number and to cooperate in preventing the misuse ("misuse" not defined) of numbering, naming, and addressing resources. Although the Internet was not explicitly mentioned, these proposals were intended to apply to VoIP based on comments at pre-WCIT preparatory meetings . In the end, several provisions were added related to delivery of calling party number and prevention of misuse of telecommunications numbering resources as defined in ITU-T Recommendations. Provisions to include naming, addressing, and more general "origin identifiers" were not accepted. Even though there were no provisions specifically on the Internet, some countries could apply these provisions to VoIP services that use E.164 telephone numbers and that provide for bypass of the international telephony accounting system. However, it is not clear that these provisions add any more authority than what these countries have today. Content and Spam Proposals to include spam in the treaty caused a lot of contentious discussion, in ad hoc groups, plenary, and in consultations. Some countries took a strong position that spam is a content topic that was out of scope of the ITRs. There was a concern that adding a provision on spam would legitimize content filtering by governments. Some African countries insisted on including a provision on spam, claiming that it consumed a large percentage of their international bandwidth. In the end to address concern about content, a statement was added to Article 1.1: "These Regulations do not address the content-related aspects of telecommunications." To address the proposals on spam, Article 5B was added on unsolicited bulk electronic communication: "Member States should endeavour to take necessary measures to prevent the propagation of unsolicited bulk electronic communications and minimize its impact on international tele-communication services. Member States are encouraged to cooperate in that sense." As written the final text, it is fairly vague and could have implications beyond spam; for example, there are no exemptions for broadcasters or for emergency alert systems (for example, tsunami alerts). It is also not clear how Article 5B can be implemented consistent with the statement on content in Article 1.1. It was clear from the discussion that many of the delegates from countries supporting this provision do not understand spam or spam-mitigation techniques and their usage (or not) in their own countries. It is clear that many of the delegates were not aware of basic best practices from the Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group (MAAWG) and other organizations. These discussions highlighted the need for capacity building for developing countries on spam-mitigation techniques. Human Rights and Member State Access to International Telecommunications In a plenary session on the penultimate night of the WCIT, a provision on human rights was added to the final draft of the ITRs. This discussion led to a debate concerning the right of Member States to access international telecommunication services, originating from a proposal from Sudan and Cuba creating a right of Member States to access Internet websites. This provision was targeted at U.S. and European actions taken in response to UN sanctions against Sudan due to Darfur and U.S. sanctions on Cuba. The provision provides a right for Member States, not its citizens. Thus it did not provide any rights for citizens to access international telecommunication services. In addition, it is not clear what or whose international telecommunication service Member States have a right to. The implications of the provision were unclear, and delegations did not have time to consult their home countries before the end of the conference. Several times during the debate the Chair of the WCIT and the Secretary-General of the ITU both tried to dissuade the proponents from pushing their proposal, to no avail. After extended debate, Iran called for a point of order and then called for a vote, the only official vote of the conference. After the text passed by majority vote, the Chair of the WCIT declared the ITRs approved. At that point the United States, followed by the United Kingdom, Sweden, and other countries, made statements that they would not sign the treaty. Supporters of the treaty read their statements in favor of the treaty. The conference was effectively over . The uncertainty caused by the addition of this text at such a late date and the way it was added created a situation in which many countries that might have signed the treaty ended up not signing. This provision more than any other disagreement in the conference caused the conference to split to the extent that it did. Looking Forward Much of the long-term impact of the treaty will not be felt until the signing governments ratify the treaty and start enacting provisions into either law or regulation. It is likely that some of the countries that did not sign in Dubai will accede to the treaty at a later time, including countries that did not attend the WCIT. WCIT is only one step (though an important one) in the long-term debate over Internet Governance and the appropriate role of governments (and intergovernmental organizations) in the Internet. The debate will continue in numerous international fora going forward such as: It has already been seen that many of the same topics debated at WCIT will be debated in these venues; for example, IP addressing, naming, spam, and cybersecurity. The WCIT Resolutions (especially Res. Plen/3) will likely be used to promote a larger role of the ITU in the Internet Governance debate. The ITU's Plenipotentiary Conference in 2014 will be the next important treaty conference where the ITU's Constitution and Convention (both treaty instruments) can be revised. In the hierarchy of treaties at ITU, the ITU Constitution takes precedence over the ITRs, and many of the terms used in the ITRs are defined in the Constitution. Therefore, changes to the ITU Constitution could affect the meaning of the ITRs. The ITU Plenipotentiary will provide an opportunity for the ITU Member States to come together and heal some of the differences coming out of the WCIT, but it is also an opportunity to widen the rift. The WSIS+10 Review will be an important process because it is likely to set the agenda for the discussion of Internet Governance for the 5–10 years after 2015, much as the Tunis Agenda from 2005 set the agenda for the last 8 years. An important aspect of the WSIS+10 Review is that it involves other UN agencies (for example, UNESCO) in addition to the ITU. Many of the events involve stakeholders whose voices are not normally heard at ITU conferences. Some of the disagreements exhibited at WCIT brought to light opportunities for the Internet community to engage with governments and other stakeholders by providing technical and thought leadership. Capacity building with many of the developing country governments will be an important part of the preparation leading up to the major international conferences such as the ITU Plenipotentiary and WSIS+10. Much of the growth of the Internet going forward is likely to come in the countries that signed the ITRs. Many of these countries have started to develop multistakeholder consultations and processes when dealing with Internet topics. The fact that a government signed the ITRs does not mean that the country is somehow against the Internet. On the contrary, many of these countries are looking for ways to accelerate the Internet's development within their borders and to accelerate their international connectivity to the Internet. As the Internet grows and develops in these countries, the Internet communities in these countries will likely look to play a larger role in a consultative process regarding government positions on issues related to Internet Governance. Future growth of the Internet across ITR boundaries (signatories and non-signatories) will depend on cooperation amongst all stakeholders. References Geoff Huston, "December in Dubai: Number Misuse, WCIT, and ITRs," The Internet Protocol Journal, Volume 15, No. 2, June 2012.	https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/about/press/internet-protocol-journal/back-issues/table-contents-59/161-wcit.html
On June 1, 2017 President Donald Trump withdrew from the Paris Climate Treaty, often called the Paris Agreement or Accord. Based on the caterwauling and wringing of hands by environmentalists, the media, state and local officials, and foreign leaders, you would have thought that floods would be ensuing within days due to the polar ice caps melting overnight and the end of the world was nigh. If the President had done otherwise, it would have enshrined the notion that any future president could violate the Constitution by agreeing to a treaty without the advice and consent of the Senate, and the nation would have been constantly badgered to meet increasingly stricter emission reduction standards every five years that would have greatly harmed the economy, while other countries, such as China, could continue to increase its emissions for years into the future. If the U.S. remained in the treaty, it would have caused the loss of 6.5 million industrial sector jobs by 2040 and cost the economy nearly $3 trillion over the next few decades. The agreement was designed to modify the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Treaty, and according to the accord, “brings all nations into a common cause to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to its effects.” President Trump understood that the agreement had little to do with the environment but had a lot to do with transferring wealth from the United States, and other affluent industrialized countries, to developing countries, primarily through the Green Climate Fund, a financing agency run by UN bureaucrats. Only developed countries, such as the U.S., are providing the funding, which added together would reach $100 billion by 2020. In fact, President Obama committed $3 billion to the fund without Congressional approval. Because Congress did not explicitly prevent him from using State Department funds, he used money from the agency’s budget to send a total of $1 billion to the climate fund, of which $500 million was delivered just four days before he left office. American taxpayers who are already facing the consequences of a $20 trillion debt should not be subsidizing foreign countries’ energy programs. Whether the Paris Accord was a treaty or simply a non-binding agreement has been a major sticking point prior to and since it was adopted by the UNFCCC on December 12, 2015 in Paris. Many senators correctly argued that the U.S. had no legal obligation to meeting emissions targets or any financial commitments unless the Paris agreement was submitted to the Senate and approved. A November 12, 2015, New York Times article stated that Secretary of State John Kerry argued that the agreement was not binding and that it was “definitely not going to be a treaty.” This remark raised the ire of French President François Holland, who stated, “if the agreement is not legally binding, there is no agreement.” French Foreign Minister Laurant Fabius echoed Holland’s concerns and stated that, “There are going to be discussions between jurists on the shape of the agreement, that is not a surprise, but the discussions in Paris must produce tangible results, and that is not debatable.” The New York Times article went on to reveal that a State Department official, speaking on the condition of anonymity, attempted to clarify Kerry’s position by stating, “The U.S. is pressing for an agreement that contains both legally binding and non-legally binding provisions.” One analysis of Kerry’s words would be that declaring the agreement non-binding would give the President the cover to argue it was unnecessary to submit it as a treaty to the Senate, knowing it would never be ratified if he did. President Obama signed the Paris Agreement on August 29, 2016. This action continued his executive overreach and was one of numerous illegal executive actions President Obama took with his “pen and phone.” The treaty forced unrealistic and drastic goals for reducing U.S. CO2 emissions, which would have harmed our economy and ability to grow. Chris Horner and Marlo Lewis of the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a nonprofit public policy organization in Washington, D.C. and a known leader in questioning global warming alarmism, discussed in their May 2017 report, “Legal and Economic Case Against the Paris Climate Treaty,” the consequences of remaining in the Paris Treaty. Lewis wrote, “Failure to withdraw from the Paris Climate Treaty would entrench a constitutionally damaging precedent, set President Trump’s domestic and foreign policies in conflict, and ensure many years of diplomatic blowback, imperiling America’s capacity for self-government. The agreement makes our country beholden to the demands of foreign leaders, U.N. bureaucrats, and international pressure groups, disallowing American consumers from determining our own energy needs and wants – including at what price.” Bjorn Lomborg, president of the Copenhagen Consensus Center, noted academic, and author of the book The Skeptical Environmentalist, hit the Paris Treaty hard in a November 16, 2015 Wall Street Journal article. He said, “the agreements coming out of Paris are likely to see countries that have flourished with capitalism willingly compromising their future prosperity in the name of climate change. But before ditching that economic model, it’s worth considering how much progress it has brought,” like doubling life expectancy in the past 150 years and raising billions of people out of poverty. Lomborg wrote, “One and a half centuries ago, more than 75% of the world’s population lived in extreme poverty, consuming less than $1 a day, in 1985 money. This year the World Bank expects extreme poverty to fall below 10% for the first time in history.” He slammed “green” energy policies in many countries, including the U.S. and the E.U, which “have poured money into phenomenally inefficient subsidies for solar and biofuels, which politicians go for like catnip” and noted that even if every country lives up to their promises, they “will fail to accomplish anything substantial to rein in climate change. At best, the emissions cuts pledged in Paris will prevent a total temperature rise by 2100 of only 0.306 degrees Fahrenheit” according to a peer-reviewed February, 2016, study Lomborg published in Global Policy. On May 8, 2017, CAGW, along with 43 other free market groups, sent a letter to the President, laying out our reasons why the U.S. should withdraw from the Paris Climate Treaty. All of the signatories are pleased he listened to that advice, followed through on a major campaign promise to pull out of the treaty, understands its proposed policies would have hurt the U.S. economy well into the future, and knows it will be useless in relation to any change in temperature.	https://www.cagw.org/thewastewatcher/au-revoir-paris-accord
The Concordia Pact, formally known as the Treaty of Association, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defence treaty signed in Johnson, Concordia in Kapreburg, between the Kingdom of Quebec and the Kingdom of Ikonia and the Republic of Kapreburg and satellite states of these nations in April 25, 2019 , after the 2019 Kapresh constitutional crisis. The Concordia Pact is a treaty to prevent the Kingdom of Baustralia from expanding into other micronations and expanding its influence. \|Treaty of Association,\| Cooperation and Mutual Agreements Traité d'association, Coopération et accords mutuels \|Abbreviation\|\|CAPA\| \|Formation\|\|25 April 2019\| \|Type\|\|Military alliance\| \|Legal status\|\|In use\| \|Purpose/focus\|\|Defense against the LoN\| \|Headquarters\|\|TBD\| \|Location\|\|Created in Johnson, Concordia, Kapreburg\| \|Membership\| \|Official languages\|\|English, French\| \|Affiliations\|\|CUO\| The Concordia Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to the League of Nations, There has been military confrontation between them. Instead, the groups fight and ague regularly and most fights are fought on an ideological basis and in proxy wars. Signatories do not simply by signing the Convention extend any recognition to co-signatories, due to the "collective desire to ensure trust and honesty in the community" transcending any diplomatic differences between micronations. Original signatories The Concordia Pact was signed in person by representatives from three micronations at Johnson on 25 April 2019 are: Subsequent signatories Since its entering into force, the following micronations have also acceded to the Concordia Pact:	https://micronations.wiki/index.php?title=Concordia_Pact&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile
The above is drawn from WILPF’s statement to the Fifth Conference of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty during its thematic session on treaty implementation. It is a question that speaks to the crux of an emerging implementation dichotomy, in which much discussion, funding, and practical work toward implementation are directed toward boosting the ability of some states parties to become Treaty-compliant and simultaneously obscuring the non-compliance of other states parties. This dichotomy is reminiscent of dynamics we see in other areas of disarmament and arms control. While not as extreme, consider the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, where efforts to enforce the disarmament obligations of “responsible” nuclear-armed states have been brushed aside for a narrative of non-proliferation that emphasises the capacities and commitments of the alleged “irresponsible” non-nuclear-armed states. In ATT meetings we hear the word “responsible” all the time in relation to the behaviour of major exporters, yet as WILPF’s and other civil society statements pointed out today, these supposedly responsible transfers are somehow still causing the same pain and suffering that the ATT was designed to prevent. Of course, as many delegations emphasised on Wednesday, implementation is an ongoing process with different starting points and priorities for all. Concern about uneven implementation priorities is not to undermine the importance or necessity of the work that has occurred, whether to assist states that are in the early stages of developing a national control system, fostering interagency cooperation, or harmonising legislation. As well, it cannot be overlooked that the calls to focus discussion further on diversion are coming from states that are most impacted by the international arms trade, or that support for the Working Group of Effective Treaty Implementation to establish a new sub-working group on transit and transshipment has come from countries that are transit hubs and grappling with unique challenges, like Costa Rica and Singapore, or within the Pacific. These states are open about their needs and challenges and see benefit in ensuring work plans which correspond to that. What is absent is the same awareness or honesty from countries that take some dubious and possibly unlawful decisions in their export decisions, which is also an equal part of Treaty implementation. Implementation and non-compliance also featured heavily during the afternoon’s session on transparency and reporting. The number of countries submitting annual reports is dropping, and concerns have also been raised over the growth in reports being kept private (viewable only to other states parties) and that only two countries have updated their initial reports despite having made changes significant enough that would warrant doing so. Most delegates expressed concern about all, or some, of these challenges, and the efforts made by the working group to understand and overcome these issues are appreciated by most states. The afternoon session heard many stern warnings that reinforced the message that reporting is not an option. Indeed it is not an option, and the decrease in reporting rates and quality so early on in the life of a Treaty is hugely problematic, as is the uneven quality and detail in the information submitted. Reports must be "detailed, accurate, consistent, comparable and that correspond to all aspects of the Treaty,” reminded the International Committee of the Red Cross. It’s this last aspect about “all aspects” of the ATT that bears repeating and stern reminders, in the context of implementation generally. There is otherwise the risk that as implementation of ATT commitments across the board are being discussed and interpreted unevenly, it is fosters a one-sided narrative that ultimately undermines the ATT’s credibility, undermines universality, and gives fodder for its critics. It is not too late to turn things around. The delegation of New Zealand noted that the ATT is at a “crossroads” and acknowledged that there are different opinions about whether certain transfers meet the Treaty’s obligations or not—sometimes balanced with the objective of bringing new states, especially major exporters, on board. Its recommendation to stay alert to this challenge while not losing the good work done so far on implementation is a start; so too was the urging from the Netherlands for states to incorporate case studies of real practice so as to understand how the ATT and its assessment process is being implemented. Many delegations expressed support for the two stakeholder sessions on diversion being held at CSP5, which are meant to be based on examples and real experiences. There has also been appreciation for presentations from states parties in working group sessions that demonstrate national experiences, either in setting up control systems or navigating ratification processes. This all indicates appetite for more precise discussions in general, although in the afternoon session on Wednesday, a few states raised caution about confidentiality concerns in such conversations. WILPF’s statement to the treaty implementation debate included suggestions for ways to change the narrative and improve accountability. In addition, dialogue and interaction between the representatives at ATT diplomatic meetings, and those tasked with its implementation, particularly in the area of export control, must be encouraged. This gap became particularly evident at a training organised by Control Arms in May, which invited licensing officers from central and eastern European countries to a training on the ATT’s gender-based violence provision. Control Arms did a report back on this training at CSP5 side event on Wednesday and this disconnect was among the lessons they highlighted as a barrier for implementation of article 7(4) but which probably has wider applicability. At the end of the day, and no matter where you sit, compliance (aka implementation) ultimately rests on political will. To go back to our statement, “doing the work to improve implementation” will mean not only continuing the important capacity building and information sharing already underway, but will also require a far more stringent application of Articles 6 and 7, and that other states parties start to push the narrative in another direction by challenging these other forms of non-compliance.	https://reachingcriticalwill.org/disarmament-fora/att/csp5/att-monitor/14029-att-monitor-vol-12-no-7
Statement says Lundbeck and others agreed to prevent market entry of generic antidepressant medicine The European Commission has informed the Danish pharmaceutical company Lundbeck of its objections regarding so-called ‘pay for delay’ agreements concluded with four generic competitors aimed at preventing the market entry of generic versions of the blockbuster antidepressant citalopram. The Statement of Objections is also addressed to Merck KGaA, Generics UK, Arrow, Resolution Chemicals, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, Alpharma, A.L. Industrier and Ranbaxy, which belonged to the generic groups that concluded the agreements. The sending of a Statement of Objections does not prejudge the final outcome of the investigation. In its Statement of Objections, the Commission takes the preliminary view that Lundbeck concluded agreements with generic companies to prevent the market entry of competing generic versions of citalopram. Generic entry became in principle possible when certain of Lundbeck's citalopram patents had expired. But the companies entered into agreements that foresaw substantial value transfers from Lundbeck to its four generic competitors, who subsequently abstained from entering the market with generic citalopram. The value transfers included direct payments from Lundbeck to the generic competitors as well as other forms, such as the purchase of generic citalopram stock for destruction or guaranteed profits in a distribution agreement. This behaviour, if established, would infringe Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union that prohibits restrictive business practices. At this point, the Commission considers that the practices may have caused substantial consumer harm because they may have delayed the entry of generic medicine for up to two years, resulting in the prices for citalopram remaining high. The Commission opened formal antitrust proceedings against Lundbeck in 2010. A Statement of Objections is a formal step in Commission investigations into suspected violations of EU antitrust rules. The Commission informs the parties concerned in writing of the objections raised against them and the companies can examine the documents on the Commission’s investigation file, reply in writing and request an oral hearing to present their comments on the case before representatives of the Commission and national competition authorities. If, after the parties have exercised their rights of defence, the Commission concludes that there is sufficient evidence of an infringement, it can issue a decision prohibiting the conduct and impose a fine of up to 10% of a company's annual worldwide turnover. Lundbeck has rejected the Commission’s objections and believes that the group’s business practices are consistent with all relevant national and EU competition legislation. ‘Lundbeck’s policy is to comply with all applicable laws, including Competition Laws, and this policy is taken very seriously by the company and its employees,’ said Mette Carlstedt, senior vice president, Corporate Legal at Lundbeck. Lundbeck will now carefully review the Statement of Objections and the European Commission’s preliminary findings, and will then submit a reply to the Statement of Objections to address the concerns that have been raised. The company says it is co-operating fully in the Commission’s investigation.	https://manufacturingchemist.com/news/article_page/EU_Commission_sends_Statement_of_Objections_to_Lundbeck/79824
Majority ITAK members welcome civil society report, seek course-correction Majority of the key members of the Ilangkai Thamizh Arasuk Kadchi (ITAK), who met Friday for a central committee meeting at the residence of TNA parliamentary group leader Mr. Rajavarothayam Sampanthan in Trincomalee, have welcomed the recent memorandum submitted by leading members of the Tamil civil society. Calling the TNA leaders to engage with the civil society, the ITAK group sought a course-correction in the process. Two civil society and ITAK senior members, and signatories, Professor emeritus of Archaeology, S.K. Sitrampalam, an ITAK stalwart, and Senior Lecturer at the Department of Hindu Civilisation of Jaffna University, Mrs. Naachiyar Selvanayagam, were present at the committee meeting and explained their concerns of accountability. The meeting resolved that Mr. Sampanthan should engage with the civil society as early as possible in January 2012. The ITAK members said the concerns raised by the civil society were real and criticized those who attempted to brush away the valid criticisms put forward by the civil society. The process of negotiation between GoSL and the TNA so far has been non-transparent even within the ITAK and the TNA, according to many of the participants at the central committee meeting. Even the elected parliamentarians of the TNA have been kept away from the process without any knowledge, the members pointed out. Many ITAK members also said that the impression created by those involved in the negotiations have raised serious concerns of a deviatory line. pdf: A Public Memo to Members of Parliament representing the TNA from the Tamil Civil Society The memorandum submitted by the civil society had urged firmness of leadership in political stand in convincing India and the US of the indispensability of addressing fundamentals of the aspirations of Eezham Tamils, i.e., nation and the right to self-determination. The ITAK members also argued that the 80% of the civil society signatories to the memorandum, have worked for the TNA in the past elections without having any personal political ambitions. The civil society signatories included physicians, academics, civil representatives, engineers, lawyers and religious leaders, it is wrong to view them as having any political agenda behind the memorandum move, ITAK members said. Two days before the meeting in Trincomalee, TNA MP Mr. Sritharan, who met the press at his residence in Jaffna on Wednesday, also put forward a crucial message welcoming the memorandum and said how the people of NorthEast in 2004 and 2010 placed genuine hope on TNA that TNA will stand committed to the fundamentals of the Eezham Tamil Nation. Central committee meeting also discussed the long pending suggestion of formally registering the TNA. The suggestion had met opposition from some ITAK stalwarts and associates of Mr. Maavai Senathiraja, particularly Mr. C.V.K Sivagnanam, Mr. Kuganathan and Mr. Kanagasapathy, informed sources said. However, many of the members who met in Trincomalee on Friday were of the view that the TNA should be registered. When questions were raised on what role ITAK would play in the registered body of the TNA, a consensus was reached among the ITAK members on finding a formula acceptable to both the ITAK and other parties in the alliance. Arguing that ITAK members have had key positions in the TNA, the formula should pave way for continued wider significance of the ITAK in having a lead role in the TNA also in the future was the majority opinion among the ITAK members. The meeting also resolved to include M.A. Sumanthiran, K. Sritharan, Yogeswaran, E. Saravanapan and P. Ariyaneththiran in the central committee of the ITAK. The ITAK members also discussed holding a national convention of the party and Batticaloa was suggested as the venue for a such convention.	http://www.tamilnewsnetwork.com/2012/01/01/majority-itak-members-welcome-civil-society-report-seek-course-correction/
Across issue areas, even just within the disarmament sphere, the framing of “rhetoric versus reality” is all too common. Words do not match up to actions. Reality around the world does not mirror the merry picture painted within the various conference rooms in which give states their official statements. The interventions of the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada—an Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) state party, a signatory, and an aspirant—provided an all-too-excellent example of this phenomenon during Tuesday’s general debate. In its statement, the UK delegation proclaimed it’s “unerring commitment” to the ATT. It also called on other states to be ready to “redress practices that fall short of the Treaty’s ideals” and to “adjust their approaches” to accept criticism “as appropriate”. Yet, the UK does not appear willing to either accept criticism or redress its practices. It has thus far refused to engage at CSP2 with the mainstream media and civil society critique of its arms exports to Saudi Arabia during its bloody bombardment of Yemen. The UK government has repeatedly claimed that its sales to Saudi Arabia meet its arms exports regulations, even though it has been found by eminent legal scholars to be violating domestic, regional, and international law. One member of the defence committee insisted that the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen is trying to avoid hitting civilians. “They are doing their level best to sort it out,” he told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme. “I reckon they have made some mistakes and have breached in the past, but I can tell you this ... things have been really tightened up.” In reality, the bombing in populated areas in Yemen is continuing to result in civilian casualties and the destruction of civilian destruction, leading to death, injury, mass displacement, and extreme food insecurity. Médecins Sans Frontières just announced that it will have to withdraw from six hospitals in northern Yemen after the fourth airstrike against one of its facilities in less than a year. Earlier this month, the coalition hit a potato crisp factory, killing at least 14 workers. As one humanitarian aid worker explained, “They target every place in Yemen and are killing innocent people. They don’t make exceptions, they target even schools and hospitals.” This reality has also not stopped the United States, an ATT signatory, from continuing to supply billions of dollars worth of weapons to the Saudi coalition. The US, in its general debate intervention, quoted the Treaty and suggested it is acting in accordance with its principles. The US delegation also argued that all elements of the object and purpose of the ATT are mutually reinforcing. In theory this could be true. But the practice of the UK and the US both indicate that states parties and signatories alike are at best interpreting their obligations under the Treaty in a manner inconsistent with all of the Treaty’s objects and purposes. Participating in the relentless bombing and bombardment in populated areas in Yemen does not contribute to peace, security, or stability; does not promote “responsible action” by states parties; and above all, does not reduce human suffering. In fact, it massively exacerbates it. Both the US and the UK highlighted the importance of Treaty universalisation. The UK suggested that on through “true universalization” will the ATT be able to address the challenge and impacts of the arms trade. Once again, however, the UK is undermining its own stated position. As Geoffrey Duke of South Sudan noted, “Authorisating arms transfers for use in Yemen is a dangerous precedent for the ATT. It even threatens universalization.” States seeking to join the Treaty cannot possibly view its major proponents as sincere in the current environment. Many major state party exporters are selling weapons to Saudi Arabia and other countries engaged in human rights abuses at home or abroad. This behaviour risks stripping the Treaty of its credibility. Alternatively, states will join the Treaty recognising that they will never be held accountable for their arms transfers. Canada delivered a hopeful intervention indicating its intention to ratify the Treaty once the relevant parliamentary and legislative procedures have been undertaken. This is a welcome development. Yet in advance of this, the Canadian government has watered down its arms export regulations and signed the export permits for its biggest arms deal in history—with Saudi Arabia. Even more recently, a Canadian-owned company shipped dozens of armoured personnel carriers to Libya through at least four different brokers, despite being confronted in 2014 by UN investigators who pointed out the sales violated an arms embargo. Concerns have also been raised about Canadian arms transfers to Nigeria, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, Thailand, and Turkey. Whether a state party, a signatory, or an aspirant, it’s clear there are serious problems with ATT implementation. Wednesday’s discussions will focus on this issue, ahead of which the UK mentioned its working paper OP.1 to establish a working group of technical experts on ATT implementation. The group, according to the UK’s proposal, should decide itself when it would be public or private. Experts, particularly from industry, may be invited to private meetings. Unfortunately, this proposal seems to seek to remove the opportunity to discuss Treaty violations from the public view and take such discussions into closed-door meetings that will likely exclude civil society other than arms manufacturers and dealers. Focused discussions on implementation are necessary. But such deliberations must be public and informed by a wide range of interests, not just those profiting from arms sales. It seems like there is a growing gap between rhetoric and reality in the ATT. We remain hopeful, as do Norway, Madagascar, Samoa, and many others, about its humanitarian potential. But to fulfill this potential, threats to the Treaty’s effectiveness and credibility must be confronted, challenged, and addressed.	https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/disarmament-fora/att/csp2/att-monitor/11132-att-monitor-vol-9-no-3
Indus Water Talks To Resume Between Pakistan And India Pakistan and India resume their Indus water talks on Monday during the warning of the immediate scarcity of water in the region arouse by the callous abuse and climate change. The overall background of depleting water resources and melting of glaciers might add urgency to the two-day talks and headed by Syed Muhammad Mehr Ali Shah commissioner for Indus waters arrived on Sunday to resume the talks. According to the sources, an improved atmosphere was expected for the intense and sensitive conversation which is always involved in the water-sharing dialogue. The last meeting was held in Islamabad in March by the two sides, in which Pakistan raised its objections to Indian hydel projects as both the countries were scorched by the white heat. Interdicted water flow and floods are two types of problems both man-made and natural. Pakistan’s chief delegation Mehr Ali Shah stated that there will be discussions on the flood forecast data sharing and during the negotiations, the Pakistan Commission for Indus Waters (PCIW) annual report would also be discussed. Pakistan had shared its reservations in previous talks over the freeboard of the Pakal Dul project and spillway and early may desire a visit to the site, but the suggestion was rejected by India, due to which delegation from Pakistan will not be visiting the site. Commissioner for Indus waters of Pakistan Mehr Ali Shah stated that the delegation of Pakistan will not be visiting the Lower Kalnaj and Pakal Dul dams which are under construction, but this matter and other issues will be taken up with the Indian counterpart. Mehr Ali Shah also stated that the implementation of the Indus Waters Treaty has been always insisted on by Pakistan which always raised its voice on Indian behavior in a timely manner. Debate on this matter might be made part of the annual report and PCIW minutes. Sherry Rehman, heading the climate change task force set up by the PM Shebaz Sharif, this week cautioned that Pakistan is among the most water-stressed three countries in the world and by 2025 might become a scarcity hit country if proper steps are not taken for conservation of water and to reduce the climate change impact. Hardliners from India have regularly advised the diversion of river waters flowing into Pakistan, which would be an act of war according to the analysts. Both Pakistan and India had agreed in March and reiterated their commitment to implementing the Indus Waters Treaty in its true spirit. According to the mandate of the treaty, Permanent Indus Commission (PIC) would maintain the cooperative arrangements for implementing the agreement and improve the cooperation between the two countries for the development of water systems. As per the treaty, the mandate PIC has to meet at least once a year alternately in Pakistan and India. The Indus Waters Treaty is the foundation of the proper sharing of waters of the Indus river and its branches between Pakistan and India. The government of India remains committed to addressing all the matters within this treaty’s scope bilaterally with Pakistan through proper mechanism according to the IWT.	http://www.pakistanfeed.com/2022/06/indus-water-talks-to-resume-today.html
Uniper drops coal case as tensions rise over treaty on fossil fuel projects German energy company Uniper has been forced by its government to drop a lawsuit against the Netherlands over the proposed closure of coal power plants, highlighting the tensions over a treaty protecting fossil fuel projects. Uniper was among five groups that launched cases against four European governments for almost €4bn over the stymying of coal, oil and gas projects under the Energy Charter Treaty, which covers more than 50 countries. The company experienced financial difficulties as a result of the energy crisis, however, and had to abandon its claim over the early closure of its plants in the Netherland by 2030 as part of the terms of its bail out by the German government last month. Uniper chief executive Klaus-Dieter Maubach said the company had resisted dropping the case “because we felt that we should not give up”. “This was clearly a condition that the German government has imposed on us . . . They were insisting,” he said. German utility RWE said last week it would not follow Uniper in dropping the case it launched under the ECT against the Netherlands. “We are striving for amicable talks with the Dutch government on the topic of phasing out coal, but above all also the use of the remaining capacity,” said chief executive Markus Krebber. “The goal is a mutually agreeable solution.” The energy crisis has highlighted Europe’s precarious dependence on fossil fuels and the need to shift to renewable energy. But many coal, oil and gas projects are protected by the ECT, which was conceived in the 1990s to encourage cross-border co-operation in the energy sector. Critics, including some leading EU government officials, have said the treaty deters countries from tackling climate change by introducing fossil fuel phaseout policies, given the risk of litigation. Signatories have been in talks to overhaul it since 2018, but the process has been rife with disagreement. In June, an agreement in principle was reached on the treaty’s “modernisation”. But the updated text, yet to be ratified, would continue to protect fossil fuel investments in the EU and UK for 10 years from when it comes into force, and would protect new such investments made before August 2023. This has provoked concerns about a surge in further legal claims before the protections for coal, oil or gas investments in the EU and UK are phased out. Case numbers could be expected to rise, “possibly sharply”, in the coming years, said Lukas Schaugg, a legal analyst at the International Institute for Sustainable Development. The biggest risk was that the revised treaty “might relate to the prolonged protection of existing, rather than future, investments,” he said. Investors might see the new August 2023 deadline as “an opportunity to push through fossil fuel projects more rapidly to get in under the 10-year protection window,” said Rachel Thrasher, a researcher at the Boston University Global Development Policy Center. The wind-down of fossil fuel protections is optional, and countries beyond the UK and EU are not expected to opt in. The treaty revisions also introduce protections for other types of environmentally controversial investments, such as hydrogen and biomass fuel projects. Some law firms have been actively promoting the prospect of legal claims to their energy clients. Climate change litigation was “an opportunity . . . for companies exposed to certain climate-related government measures to vindicate their rights,” wrote the law firm Jones Day in a note earlier this year. Companies “should audit their corporate structure and change it, if needed, to ensure they are protected by an investment treaty,” the firm advised. Concerns have frequently been raised about the secrecy of the treaty, since the existence and funders of cases can be difficult to establish. The ECT agreement in principle includes a new requirement for the disclosure of third party information, though it is not specific about how detailed it would need to be. The proposal must be ratified by three quarters of the parties in order to come into force, a high bar that analysts said could take years to reach. Yamina Saheb, formerly at the ECT secretariat and now at the Parisian Institute of Political Sciences, said the treaty revisions were “not compatible with the Paris Agreement or EU climate neutrality targets. The EU must start phasing out fossil fuels today.” Climate Capital Where climate change meets business, markets and politics. Explore the FT’s coverage here.	https://budgetarynews.com/2022/08/15/uniper-drops-coal-case-as-tensions-rise-over-treaty-on-fossil-fuel-projects/
NAIROBI, Kenya, Oct. 31, 2011 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Delegates from more than 120 countries are being reminded of the true cost of gold mining on the first day of a meeting to negotiate a global mercury treaty. Discussions focused on small-scale mining since it is the largest deliberate use of mercury. While delegates debated mercury control and economic benefits of the activity, civil society representatives and Indigenous Peoples distributed postcards with chocolate gold coins asking, "What is the true price of gold?" The card cited data from the International Labour Organisation stating that in Africa, children under the age of 18 may constitute up to 30%-50% of the entire small-scale gold mining workforce. "Gold mining in poor communities is sweet for gold traders but bitter for children," said Yuyun Ismawati, Indonesia Toxics Free Network and IPEN. "The price of gold will never equal the cost of brain damage, contaminated communities, and the impacts of child labor." ILO recently released a report which identified about 115 million of children working in hazardous works and mining considered as one of the hazardous workplaces for children. More than half of the working children were clinically diagnosed with severe mercury intoxication. Mercury can permanently damage the brain and kidneys and has been shown to affect a developing fetus, even months after the mother's exposure. The large use of mercury in small scale gold mining coupled with the involvement of women and children raise serious health concerns. "The treaty needs a public health strategy to address the harms in mining communities, particularly for women and children," said Manny Calonzo, IPEN co-chair. "This includes cleaning up the toxic mess that mining leaves behind." Small-scale gold mining also raises concerns about violations of other UN treaties concerning human rights, including the Convention on Rights of the Child which enshrines the right of the child to the highest attainable standard of health and recognizes the right to be protected from economic exploitation and from work that is likely to be hazardous. "Delegates must find the heart to ensure the mercury treaty protects children from economic slavery and ensures their right to a healthy future," said Tom BK Goldtooth, a member of the Global Indigenous Peoples Caucus and director of the Indigenous Environmental Network. Indigenous Peoples at the Nairobi meeting are lifting the need for strong treaty language recognizing the human rights dimensions of anthropogenic mercury contamination. The meeting this week marks the third intergovernmental negotiating meeting in a series of five meetings which will culminate in a diplomatic conference in 2013 to sign the treaty. The negotiation is being coordinated by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). For more information about mercury, please see: http://www.ipen.org/ipenweb/documents/book/ipen%20mercury%20booklet_s.pdf IPEN is a global network of more than 700 health and environmental organizations working in 109 countries for a toxics free future. http://ipen.org/hgfree/home/ Indigenous Environmental Network is an international network of Indigenous Peoples that work for environmental and economic justice. http://www.ienearth.org/ California Indian Environmental Alliance is an Indigenous advocacy group addressing mining contaminants and legacy sites. http://www.cieaweb.org/ International Indian Treaty Council is an international network of Indigenous Peoples working for the rights and recognition of Indigenous Peoples. http://www.treatycouncil.org/ International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), ILO. (2011). Children in hazardous work What we know, What we need to do.	https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/un-delegates-tackle-the-true-cost-of-gold-132899303.html
Britain signed a treaty with Ethiopia on the utilization of Nile waters in 1902, but it was never ratified by Ethiopia due to variations in meaning between the English and Amharic versions. The 1929 Nile Water Agreement The Nile Commission was formed in 1925. It defended the crucial role of the Nile River in the development of Egypt and Sudan since 1894. Consisted of representatives from Egypt, Britain, and an independent chairman. The outcome of the commission’s discussions was an exchange of notes between the governments of Britain and Egypt that became the Anglo-Egyptian Nile Water Agreement of 1929. By this agreement, Egypt received the lion’s share of the Nile waters—48 million cubic meters—and Sudan got a paltry 4 million cubic meters. The 1929 agreement completely ignored the interests of the upstream peoples in the Great Lakes region, and it did not even mention the sovereign nation of Ethiopia, despite the fact that the Blue Nile originates in Ethiopia. The 1959 Water Agreement Egypt and Sudan established the 1959 Water Agreement for the full utilization of the Nile Waters. The Agreement addressed other riparian nations only by stipulating that Egypt and Sudan present a unified front to them on any matter regarding the use of the Nile waters, including any water-related projects on the Nile and any of its tributaries. The Agreement completely disregarded the utilization of the Nile waters by any country except Egypt and Sudan. It unilaterally asserted the principle of prior use: that is, essentially, that the signatories were entitled to total control of the waters of the Nile because they “had them first.” Egypt controlled 66 percent and Sudan 22 percent– Ethiopia zero percent. This bilateral deal ignored and restricted the nine countries that share the Nile Basin. This eventually led to demands from the upstream countries for a new, equitable Nile waters regime. Source: Aaron Tesfaye. “The Politics of the Imposed and Negotiation of the Emerging Nile Basin Regime,” International Journal of Ethiopian Studies, 7(1&2), 2013, pp. 57-76. Source: Verhoeven, Harry. Black Gold for Blue Gold? Sudan’ Oil, Ethiopia’s Water and Regional Integration, Chatham House, AFP BP 2011/03, June 2011. Source: Nasr, H., & Neef, A. “Ethiopia’s Challenge to Egyptian Hegemony in the Nile River Basin: The Case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam,” Geopolitics, 21(4), 2016, pp. 969-989.	https://www.nytristate4gerd.org/post/tld-fm-radio-launches-special-appeal-to-fight-hunger
Russia may pull out of Open Skies Treaty if other signatories refuse to pledge they won’t share data with US The Open Skies Treaty that lets nations legally spy on each other is hanging in the air, as Russia is yet to hear from the incoming US administration if it wants to rejoin the deal, and its allies may be leaking the snooping data. Moscow also has some of its own concerns about the treaty, having not yet received assurances that other Open Skies signatories who are also members of the NATO military alliance won't secretly share their data with the US. The agreement, effective since 2002, allows signatories to fly unarmed flights over the territory of other participants, essentially meaning the parties can openly monitor each other without any escalation. If Washington, which withdrew from the treaty in November, is receiving its allies' intelligence, then the US is reaping all of the treaty’s rewards without being surveilled itself.Also on rt.com The real Gerasimov Doctrine: Russian Army chief says Moscow won't be drawn into arms race as Kremlin looks to cut defense costs The Kremlin has also demanded that European countries do not restrict Russian flights over their territory, which allow Moscow to observe foreign American military bases there. “Unfortunately, we are yet to receive any convincing response from the Western parties to the Open Skies Treaty in regards to our concerns," said Vladimir Ermakov, the head of Nonproliferation and Arms Control at Russia's Ministry of Defense. Speaking to news agency RIA Novosti on Friday, Ermakov warned that “the fate of the Open Skies Treaty” may be in question. “In the event that the US does not return to the treaty and the rest of the participants are not ready to help alleviate Russian concerns, we warned our partners back in May that we were considering all possible options for our response,” he said. Ermakov also ruled out the idea of the US returning to the treaty in a “simplified” way, but noted that Moscow is waiting for the likely next US president, Joe Biden, to make his stance known.Also on rt.com Doomsday still an option: Only ‘secondary’ equipment looted from Russia’s top-secret plane by cheeky thieves In November, Peter Topychkanov, a senior researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, told Moscow daily Izvestia that there was “no doubt” that information about Russian military activities obtained via Open Skies investigations would be leaked to Washington. “At the same time, Washington will not be able to use this data publicly, because it will confirm that the allies are violating the treaty,” he said. The US left the Open Skies in November, six months after President Donald Trump announced it would withdraw. At the time, the move was criticized by many senior members of the Democratic Party, including Biden and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-California). As things stand, 34 countries are party to the treaty, including most of the European Union. Think your friends would be interested? Share this story!	https://www.rt.com/russia/510806-open-skies-us-allies-data-sharing/
The Treaty on Open Skies allows participants to carry out aerial surveillance as part of a program of scheduled observation flights, with the aim of gathering information about military forces. US Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Eliot Engel raised concerns in a letter on Monday that the White House may abandon an accord that includes more than 30 countries, stressing that the potential move could pose a threat to “American national security interests”. In a letter to the National Security Adviser Robert O’Brien, Engel said that he was “deeply concerned by reports that the Trump administration is considering withdrawing from the Open Skies Treaty and strongly urge you against such a reckless action”, stressing that the agreement has “provided important military transparency for its 34 signatory countries since it entered into force in 2002” and “American withdrawal would only benefit Russia and be harmful to our allies’ and partners’ national security interests”. The Treaty on Open Skies was signed in 1992 to promote openness and transparency of military forces and activities in the post-Cold War period. The treaty allows member states to openly gather information on respective armed forces and their military activities during scheduled observation flights. The signatories include most of the NATO states, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and several others. As a rule, flights by Russia and NATO member states are conducted on a reciprocal basis. In August 2018, US President Donald Trump enacted the 2019 National Defense Authorization Act. According to the bill, the United States will not give any additional funds to implement the Open Skies Treaty.	https://www.yerepouni-news.com/senator-engel-concerned-over-reports-of-white-house-plans-to-abandon-open-skies-treaty-letter/
Why Has Canada Still Not Signed the Copyright Treaty to Support the Blind? In the months since the diplomatic conference, 67 countries have signed it. The list of signatories includes most of Canada’s closest allies, including the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, and France. The major developing economies such as Brazil, China, and India have also signed the agreement. Curiously absent from the list of signatories, however, is Canada.	http://www.michaelgeist.ca/2014/06/canada-and-wipo-tvi-treaty/
ThanksJune 22, 2007 on 5:40 pm \| In blog \| No Comments UKPA would like to thank all those without whose intelligent input we would be a different (probably less able) organisation. In particular, Ben Brassington of Harbottle and Lewis, whose legal knowledge and advice in the new field of podcasting has been invaluable; Louise Ferguson, Glyn Wintle from the Open Rights group for their committment to the cause of rights; Gwen Hinze from the EFF for leading the WIPO Broadcasting Treaty campaign, and Professor Mark Perry from University of Ontario, Canada for his advice on licensing. Sincere thanks for your time, intelligence and passion for podcasting ! WIPO Treaty Kicked Into Long GrassJune 22, 2007 on 3:43 pm \| In UKPA, WIPO \| 1 Comment Breaking News: in Geneva this week, so concerted has been the resistance to the much disliked WIPO Broadcast Treaty in its current form, with even the US delegation finding serious fault with it, that at several points today it looked like the entire treaty would be dropped. Today, at the last minute, the Chairman decided that so many countries had raised so many different objections, that a diplomatic convention on the Treaty is now to be scheduled in December 2008 – effectively kicking any resolution as far as possible into the long grass and giving time for the restructuring which is clearly necessary if ever consensus is to be reached. UKPA members and associates once again lobbied hard for this victory for common sense and podcasting. WIPO Treaty Threatens Podcasting Once AgainJune 14, 2007 on 11:29 am \| In blog, EFF, UKPA, WIPO \| No Comments Less than one year ago WIPO promised to re-draft its Broadcasting treaty. Member States, mindful of the harm it could cause to citizen media, refused to grant new copyright-like rights to broadcasters and cablecasters. The new draft was issued in May, but contrary to WIPO’s promise – it offers similar exclusive control to big media but offers no protection for internet users. Please help the cause by signing the petition – it takes virtually no time at all. Beyond that, please write to your MPs. This tactic was really effective in last year’s campaign, especially when you ask your MP to pass on your concerns to the relevant minister. This campaign is led by the EFF’s excellent Gwen Hinze. She says “The exceptions are far worse than this time last year – there’s no mention of podcasting, webcasting or netcasting, but broadcasters and cablecasters will get the right to control internet retransmission of anything broadcast or cablecast. Therefore, podcasters won’t receive any rights under the treaty (only traditional broadcasters and cablecasters will), but podcasters are likely to be detrimentally affected by the treaty for a number of reasons. Put simply, from podcasters’ point of view, we are in the same place we were last year, but there’s an even stronger push to try to get the treaty through. If the current treaty draft is accepted by WIPO Member Countries next week, it moves to the next treaty stage – an intergovernmental Diplomatic Conference now scheduled in November. Since we were so successful at turning around this ship last year with the help of you and your fellow podcasters, we’d like to deliver the same message to WIPO next week: Don’t Break Citizen Broadcasting on the Internet! We have put together a Dear WIPO Petition and would like to ask for your help in getting the word out to podcasters and podcasting organizations to sign on.” UKPA’s Dean Whitbread says, “UK podcasts are among the best in the world, enjoying a huge international audience. As well as being a dynamic part of the new digital economy, Podcasting is an important social freedom which empowers citizens, breaks down existing barriers to technology, and adds great richness to our culture. This inappropriate WIPO legislation is dangerous, and must not be allowed to pass into national law as it stands, or we risk seeing a vibrant industry saddled with restrictions and our individual rights handed wholesale to corporate broadcasters.” Here’s the petition and more info: http://dearwipo.com/info Gwen will be at WIPO to deliver it in person there next week. Here’s the EFF’s background on the Broadcasting Treaty and why it is bad for the internet. Here’s the latest treaty draft (the Chair’s “non-paper”): http://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/sccr/en/sccr_s2/sccr_s2_paper1.pdf WRITE TO YOUR MP – remember to write the letter in your own words, explaining how much podcasting is valuable and why the Treaty is a serious threat to what we do. Ask your MP to bring this to the attention of Malcolm Wicks, MP, the UK Science Minister. UKPA Facebook GroupJune 9, 2007 on 1:07 pm \| In blog, social media, UKPA \| No Comments UKPA members use many of the social networking sites, in particular, LinkedIn and Facebook. With this in mind, we’ve started a Facebook group which members are free to join. Powered by WordPress with Pool theme design by Borja Fernandez developed by Mark Crook, UKPA.	http://www.ukpa.info/2007/06/
Working Group on Latin Am. - Environment - Foreign Investment - Agriculture - China in Latin America Globalization Home - About - Publications Library - Researchers Globalization Media - Multimedia - In the News - Columns & Commentaries Read the Triple Crisis Blog Subscribe for Updates Follow @GDAEatTufts Much of GDAE’s empirical work on foreign direct investment, the environment, industrial development, and global capital flows point to the need to reform the investment provisions of global trade and investment treaties that govern foreign investment. To this end, GDAE researchers formally and informally engage in provide advice and critical analysis regarding the extent trade and investment policy-making in the U.S. and beyond provides ample flexibility for nations to deploy policies for stability, growth, and sustainable development. With respect to investment rules, GDAE focuses most on the Free Trade Agreements and Bi-lateral Investment Treaties of the United States, as well as at the World Trade Organization. In addition to providing informal advice to elected representatives and their staff, as well as with international institutions and civil society, GDAE has engaged in the following key activities: Sovereign Debt Restructuring: Government borrowing has been a feature of the world economy since the founding of nation states, and a cornerstone of the development process as well. However, developing country debt crises are also increasing phenomena. Inevitably, with each financial crisis one or more nations find themselves restructuring or defaulting on its sovereign debt commitments. While an important part of the crisis mitigation toolbox in developing countries, sovereign debt restructuring could be deemed illegal under various trade and investment treaties, especially those negotiated with the United States. GDAE Researcher Kevin P. Gallagher's recent publications examine the extent to which trade and investment treaties restrict the ability of nations to restructure their debt in the event of a crisis. US Department of State’s Advisory Committee on International Economic Policy (ACIEP): GDAE Researcher Kevin P. Gallagher served on the investment subcommittee of ACIEP during 2009. The mandate of the committee was to evaluate the existing US model investment rules and recommend reforms to the model in the light of the global financial crisis. Economists Statement on Capital Controls and Trade Treaties: In a letter delivered on January 31, 2011, more than 250 economists urged the Obama administration to reform U.S. trade rules that restrict the use of capital controls. GDAE researcher Kevin P. Gallagher and Sarah Anderson, director of the Institute for Policy Studies Global Economy Project, initiated the statement. Public Statement on the International Investment Regime: GDAE researcher Kevin Gallagher is one of the initial signers of a letter authored by a broad spectrum of legal and economic experts working on investment treaties. The signatories “have a shared concern for the harm done to the public welfare by the international investment regime, as currently structured, especially its hampering of the ability of governments to act for their people in response to the concerns of human development and environmental sustainability.” The letter has expanded to many more signatories and a working group has been established to forward the reforms outlined in the letter. Key Publications: Financial Crises and International Investment Agreements: The Case of Sovereign Debt Restructuring, by Kevin P. Gallagher, Global Policy Journal, September 6, 2012. The New U.S. Model Bilateral Investment Treaty: A Public Interest Critique, contributors include Kevin P. Gallagher and other members of the subcommittee of the Advisory Committee on International Economic Policy (ACIEP), May 9, 2012 Mission Creep: International Investment Agreements and Sovereign Debt Restructuring," by Kevin P. Gallagher, Investment Treaty News, January 12, 2012. The New Vulture Culture: Sovereign Debt Restructuring and Trade and Investment Treaties, by Kevin P Gallagher, IDEAs Working Paper Series, July 2011. Sovereign Debt Restructuring and International Investment Agreements, by Kevin P. Gallagher, UNCTAD Issues Note, July 2011. Investment Treaty Arbitration and Developing Countries: A Re-Appraisal by Kevin Gallagher and Elen Shrestha, GDAE Working Paper 11-01, May 2011. Reforming United States trade and investment treaties for financial stability: The case of capital controls, by Kevin Gallagher, International Institute for Sustainable Development Investment Treaty News, April 5, 2011. Policy Space to Prevent and Mitigate Financial Crises by Kevin P. Gallagher, United Nations Discussion Paper, May 2010. Dangers of Unrestrained Commerce,by Kevin Gallagher and Jayati Ghosh, November 2010. Stop Private Firms from Exploiting Poor States by Kevin Gallagher, The Guardian, February 2010. U.S. BITs and Financial Stability by Kevin Gallagher, Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment, February 2010. The Future of North American Trade Policy: Lessons from NAFTA, Pardee Center Task Force Report No. 1, November 2009.	http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/policy_research/ReformingUSInvestmentPolicy.html
by Abdul Rahman Two Arab countries, the UAE and Bahrain, have formally signed normalization of relations deals with Israel under US mediation. At a formal at the White House on Tuesday, September 15 they signed a joint declaration of peace, called the “Abraham Accords” despite objections raised by the Palestinians protesting outside the venue. Palestinians were also on the streets in different cities in the occupied territories, calling the deal a betrayal of their cause. Given the timing of the announcement – merely two months before the crucial US presidential election – speculation was rife that the aim was to boost Donald Trump’s electoral prospects. Given the UAE’s and Bahrain’s close ties with the US, it was not difficult for them to make their clandestine relations with Israel formal. The rivalry with Iran may also have played an important role in shaping the deal, along with the other regional calculations of UAE’s crown prince Mohammed Bin Zayed al Nahyan. The announcement of normalization of the relations with Israel has nothing to do with peace in the region as Trump and others have been claiming. The UAE and Bahrain have never fought any war with Israel and they, along with several other Gulf countries including Saudi Arabia and Oman, have already had clandestine relations with Israel for quite some time now. In any case, real peace in the region is not possible until the occupation of Palestine ends. A weapons deal The US has committed to maintain the “qualitative military edge” of Israel in the region and gives USD 3.8 billion worth of military aid to the Zionist entity every year. It also considers possible threats to Israel before selling weapons to any country in the region. The deal would open the possibilities of more weapons sales to Gulf countries, especially the UAE and Bahrain, as Israeli objections to such sales are expected to be reduced. The US can now hope to add to its billions of dollars in weapons trade in the Gulf region. Several US officials have made promises of the sale of advanced weaponry after the deal to the UAE. In May, the US state department approved a sale of more than 4,500 mine resistant ambush protected vehicles for a total amount of USD 556 million. US officials have already expressed their wish to sell F-35 stealth warplanes, weaponized drones and other advanced military equipment to the UAE, which considers them crucial for its regional ambitions in Libya, Yemen and elsewhere. The UAE’s foreign minister, Anwar Gargash has already said that his country has been hoping to buy F-35 jets from the US for a long time. Israel had earlier expressed its apprehensions about the UAE getting such advanced weapons. Mike Pompeo, the US secretary of state, had assured Israel that America will make sure that the sale to the Gulf does not affect Israel’s military advantages. The treaty will thus be a great boost to arms sales in the region and could even lead to an arms race as rivals of these countries are forced to also upgrade their militaries. This would, no doubt, be a great opportunity for the US and its arms manufacturers. By ignoring its own Congress resolutions about possible misuse of US weapons by the Gulf countries for war crimes and crimes against humanity, the Trump administration has made its priorities clear. It does not care about human rights and war as long as it is making money out of it. No peace without Palestine statehood Before the UAE and Bahrain, Egypt and Jordan had signed similar agreements with Israel. Unlike the recent signatories, Egypt and Jordan were frontline states who had fought wars against Israel. However, even theese treaties did not bring peace in the region. It is clear that the same fate awaits the so-called Abraham Accords. While normalization brings benefits to the ruling classes of these Arab countries, it also means they face the increased mistrust of their people. Another key question is the fate of the Arab Peace Initiative which has been endorsed by Arab countries several times since 2002. This initiative states that Arab countries shall not normalize ties with Israel until the Palestinians get justice. It is also significant to note that Bahrain and the UAE, “did not secure a single lasting concession for Palestinians in its agreement with Israel — not even to slightly ease the 13-year blockade of Gaza, which has turned the tiny coastal enclave into an open-air prison,” as Noura Erekat notes in NBC news. Egypt had got back its Sinai Peninsula after its deal with Israel in 1979. Jordan’s deal is believed to have been one of the factors that contributed to the Oslo accords in 1994. The only parties which can claim diplomatic victory are the US and Israel. The only so-called concession, loudly tom-tomed by Trump and Mohammed Bin Zayed al Nahyan, is the Israeli announcement to halt the annexation of 30% of the occupied West Bank. It is no concession at all for two reasons. First, Israel has de-facto control over the said territories and the announcement of formal annexation was halted much before their deal was announced. Second, Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu has emphasized that the proposal is not off the table and it can happen any day in the near future. Peace is not the real objective of the Abraham accords – this is clear for everyone to see. The real motive behind the deal is to consolidate the US alliance in the face of growing challenges to its hegemony in the region.	https://geopolitika.ro/en/2020/09/20/with-abraham-accords-us-and-israel-seek-to-consolidate-hegemony-in-the-region/
Who was the first African American male Grammy Award winners? Basie became the first African-American Male to win a Grammy award. At the first annual award show, Basie won the first ever award for Best Jazz Performance, Group and Best Performance by a Dance Band in 1958. Who was the first African to win a Grammy? The 63rd Annual Grammys, which took place in Los Angeles, California, on 14 March was one to remember for Africa as the Nigerian music sensation Burna Boy bagged a Grammy, the first for a Nigerian as a solo artist. Who was the first African American male and female Grammy Award winner? Despite living during a time when music in America was divided into two categories — popular music and race music — the iconic singer, Ella Fitzgerald, still managed to become the first Black artist to win a Grammy. Fitzgerald was born on April 25, 1917, in Virginia. Which black artist has won the most Grammys? Beyoncé became the vocalist with the most Grammys ever (28). Female artists swept the Big Four awards for the second year in a row. The Big Four awards went to four different artists for the first time in five years. What black woman won the most Grammys? Beyoncé has won a total of 28 Grammy Awards. … Most Grammys won by a female artist. \|Rank\|\|Artist\|\|Awards\| \|1\|\|Beyoncé\|\|28\| \|2\|\|Alison Krauss\|\|27\| \|3\|\|Aretha Franklin\|\|18\| \|4\|\|Adele\|\|15\| Who was the first black man to win best actor? Hattie McDaniel was the first African American to win an Academy Award, in 1939. … Best Actor in a Supporting Role. \|Year\|\|2020\| \|Name\|\|Lakeith Stanfield\| \|Film\|\|Judas and the Black Messiah\| \|Role\|\|William O’Neal\| \|Milestone / Notes\|\|First film to have multiple African-American men nominated in the same category for the same film.\| Who was the youngest person to win a Grammy? On the flip side, the youngest person to win a Grammy was 8-year-old Leah Peasall, who won in 2001. Who won the most Grammys in a night? Michael Jackson won most number of Grammys in a night. Pop singer Michael Jackson made the record for winning the most number of Grammy awards in one night when he received eight Grammys in 1984. Who has won the most Grammys ever? The late conductor George Solti holds the most Grammy awards with 31 to his name. He bagged Opera Recording for Verdi’s Aida in 1963 and scooped a lifetime achievement award in 1996. Who is the first female to win a Grammy? Ella Fitzgerald truly lived up to her nickname “First Lady of Song” being the first woman to receive a Grammy at the inaugural 1959 awards. About a decade later, she became the first woman to be honored with the Recording Academy’s Lifetime Achievement award. Who was the 1st African American to receive a Tony Award? Juanita Hall, who played Bloody Mary in the original 1949 production of South Pacific, was the first African-American performer to win a Tony Award. The actress has 12 other Broadway credits to her name, including Flower Drum Song, and she starred in the film versions of both musicals. Has a black person won a Grammy? Since the inception of the Grammys in 1957, only ten black artists have won the Album of the Year Award: Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, Lionel Richie, Quincy Jones, Natalie Cole, Whitney Houston, Lauryn Hill, Outkast, Ray Charles, and Herbie Hancock. What rapper has won the most Grammys? Currently tied with Kanye West, Jay Z holds the distinction of rapper with the most GRAMMY wins in history. He made his GRAMMY performance debut at the 48th GRAMMY Awards in 2006 when he teamed with Linkin Park and Paul McCartney for a medley of “Numb/Encore” and “Yesterday.” Who is the youngest artist 2020? Billie Eilish, 18 After scoring 2019’s biggest debut album with When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go? and a historic sweep of the Grammy Awards’ Big Four categories in January — the first artist to do so since Christopher Cross 39 years earlier — Billie Eilish has become one of the biggest artists on the planet.	https://haiafrika.com/about-africa/who-was-the-first-male-african-american-grammy-winner.html
Beyoncé may very well make history at the 65th annual Grammy Awards on Feb. 5 at Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles. If she wins three awards from her nine nominations, she’ll tie the late classical conductor Sir Georg Solti for the most wins by anyone in Grammy history. If she wins four, she’ll establish a new record. Beyoncé has won three or more Grammys four times, so it’s entirely possible that she could do it again this year. The Renaissance singer has been setting records at the Grammys for years. In 2010, she became the first female artist to win six Grammys in one night. In 2020, she became the woman with the most career Grammy wins (28), surpassing Alison Krauss. If Beyoncé wins just one award this year—and she’s likely to do better than that—she’ll stand alone as the living artist with the most Grammys. She’s currently tied for that distinction with the legendary Quincy Jones. In anticipation of the history Beyonce could make on Feb. 5, let’s look at the leaderboard of people with the most Grammys. Just 21 people have won 20 or more Grammys – 17 individuals and the four members of U2. Here’s a complete list of people who have won 20 or more Grammys in competition. The years shown are the year of the awards ceremony (starting in 1971, the year of the live telecast). At the end of each entry, we make note of any special merit awards these people have received from the Recording Academy. (Those awards are not included in the tally of competitive awards won.) We also tell you which of these all-time winners are nominated this year.	https://www.billboard.com/lists/grammy-winners-most-wins-awards/
Sunday’s (March 14) 63rd Annual Grammy Awards was a historic event. Beyoncé set the record for the most Grammy wins ever with 28 making her the most decorated artist in Grammy history while Kanye West temporarily tied her husband JAY-Z for most victories by a rapper with 22 after his Jesus Is King album took home the honors for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album. That was until Jay won his 23rd Grammy later in the show for co-writing Megan Thee Stallion’s “Savage (Remix).” The Grammy Awards are the highest honor in musical accolades and rappers have long been fighting for proper recognition when it comes to the Recording Academy. Hip Hop has had a complicated relationship with the Grammys, but whether they admit it or not, most artists are hoping their body of work gets nominated when submitted. With Nas finally taking home his first Grammy Award with his 2020 King’s Disease winning Best Rap Album, the legendary New York rapper is officially on the board with a victory that Royce Da 5’9 described as “Hip Hop reparations.” On the other hand, Lil Wayne expressed his frustrations with the Recording Academy on Monday by tweeting, “Fuk the Grammys.” As Kanye attempts to keep pace with his big brother Hov atop the Grammy rap pantheon, check out the complete Top 10 list of winningest rappers at the Grammy Awards.	https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.61094/title.kanye-west-jay-z-kendrick-lamar-more-10-rappers-with-the-most-grammy-wins
Who won Grammys from India? Who won Grammys from India? Ricky Kej is a Grammy® Award Winner, US Billboard #1 artist, GQ Hero 2020, an internationally renowned Indian Music Composer and Environmentalist. He has performed at prestigious venues in over 30 countries, including at the United Nations Headquarters in New York and Geneva. Is any Indian won Grammy? The following is a list of Grammy Awards winners and nominees from India….List. \|Year\|\|2008\| \|Category\|\|Best Compilation Soundtrack Album\| \|Nominees(s)\|\|A. R. Rahman, H. Sridhar, P. A. Deepak\| \|Nominated work\|\|Slumdog Millionaire\| \|Result\|\|Won\| Which Indian singer is nominated for Grammy? Indian singer Priya Darshini who is now based in New York was nominated for this year’s Grammy Awards for her album ‘Periphery’ in the ‘Best New Age Album’ category. Who was the first Indian to receive Grammy? While he was the first Indian to be honoured with a Grammy, other Indian Grammy winners include AR Rahman, Zakir Hussain and Vishwa Mohan Bhatt. Do Grammy hosts earn? In 2017, a SAG-AFTRA spokesperson confirmed to Forbes the minimum required salary for a Grammys host is $5,000. However, James Corden hosted the Grammys that year and Forbes estimated he earned around $20,000 for his work. Who’s won the most Grammys in one night? In fact, Queen Bey just made history by tying a living legend for most wins at Grammys 2021 – and here are the other top 10 nonclassical winners of music’s biggest night. 1. Beyoncé: 2 8 Who won the most Grammys ever? Who Has The Most Grammy Awards In History? Georg Solti Number of Grammys – 31. The Hungarian-born British orchestra and operatic conductor is renowned for being the longest-serving conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Quincy Jones Number of Grammys – 28. Alison Krauss Number of Grammys – 27. Pierre Boulez Number of Grammys – 26. Vladimir Horowitz & Stevie Wonder Number of Grammys – 25 Each. Who is the most awarded artist ever? Michael Jackson Is The Most-Awarded Artist Of All Time: With 23 Guinness World Records, 40 Billboard Awards, 13 Grammys , and 26 American Music Awards, Michael Jackson has won more awards than any other musical artist. Jackson has also received congressional honors for his humanitarian outreach efforts. What singer has the most Grammys? Queen Bey is now the most-winning female artist, and the most winning singer, male or female, in the 63-year history of the Grammy Awards, earning 28 trophies including Sunday’s wins for best music video for “Brown Skin Girl and best rap performance for her “Savage” collaboration with Megan Thee Stallion .	https://www.spudd64.com/who-won-grammys-from-india/
March 15, 2021 - 148 views Roommates, music’s biggest night finally arrived, as the 63rd annual Grammy Awards handed out trophies for some of the music world’s best and brightest—while some even made history with their wins! Beyoncé, Megan Thee Stallion, Nas & H.E.R. were some of the most notable winners at this year’s Grammys, with Beyoncé and Nas making Grammy history. There are dozens of Grammy awards given out each year and that means there is no way that all of them can be aired on television, so most of the R&B and Rap trophies were given out early. Nas won one of the night’s earliest awards by winning his very first Grammy ever—despite being nominated 14 times in the past. He took home the award for Best Rap Album. Meanwhile, Grammy newcomer Megan Thee Stallion pretty much swept the remaining Rap categories, winning for both Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance for her hit ‘Savage’ remix featuring Beyoncé. However that wasn’t all, she also picked up the coveted award for Best New Artist as well.	http://ilovethespotlight.com/news/beyonce-megan-thee-stallion-nas-h-e-r-were-the-big-winners-of-the-night-at-the-63rd-grammy-awards-29
Beyoncé won four Grammys at the 63rd annual Grammy Awards on Sunday (March 14), pushing her career total to 28. That enables her to tie Quincy Jones as the living person with the most Grammys and to pull ahead of Alison Krauss (27 Grammys) as the woman (and vocalist of either gender) with the most. Only the late classical conductor George Solti (31 Grammys) has won more Grammys than Queen Bey. Yet critics will point out that Beyoncé was again shut out in the “Big Four” categories — album, record and song of the year plus best new artist. After all this time, her only “Big Four” win is song of the year for “Single Ladies (Put a Ring On It),” 11 years ago. Beyoncé took best music video for the second time with “Brown Skin Girl.” She first won in that category four years ago for “Formation.” The award also went to WizKid and Blue Ivy Carter, the nine-year-old daughter of Beyonce and Jay-Z. Blue Ivy is the second-youngest Grammy-winner in history, following eight-year old Leah Peasall (who with her sisters was featured on the O Brother, Where Art Thou soundtrack). Women had a stellar year at the Grammys. Female artists won for album of the year (Taylor Swift), record of the year (Billie Eilish) and best new artist (Megan Thee Stallion). In addition, two of the three writers of the song of the year winner, “I Can’t Breathe,” are women. Here Are All the Winners From the 2021 Grammy Awards Swift’s Folklore won album of the year. It’s her third win in the category. She’s just the fourth artist in the Grammy history – and the first woman – to win album of the year three times. She follows Frank Sinatra, Paul Simon (counting a Simon & Garfunkel album) and Stevie Wonder. But Folklore was passed over for best pop vocal album, losing that award to Dua Lipa’s Future Nostalgia. Folklore is just the third album of the year winner that lost in its “home genre” category. Arcade Fire’s The Suburbs won album of the year even though it lost best alternative music album to The Black Keys’ Brothers. Mumford & Son’s Babel won album of the year even though it lost best Americana album to Bonnie Raitt’s Slipstream. Eilish won record of the year for the second year in a row with “Everything I Wanted.” She won last year for “Bad Guy.” Eilish is just the third artist in Grammy history to win in this top category two years running. She follows Roberta Flack (“The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face” and “Killing Me Softly With His Song”) and U2 (“Beautiful Day”and “Walk On”).	https://newsreal.com.ng/beyonce-taylor-swift-other-record-setters-at-the-2021-grammys/
- Beyoncé is now the most-awarded person in Grammys history with 32 wins. - She surpassed the late classical conductor Sir Georg Solti, who has 31 awards to his name. - Beyoncé was nominated for nine awards at the 2023 Grammys, including album of the year for "Renaissance." Beyoncé is officially the most decorated person in the history of the Grammy Awards. The 41-year-old star collected four awards at the 65th annual Grammys on Sunday, including best dance/electronic album for "Renaissance," bringing her running total to 32. She won two awards off-screen during the Grammys premiere ceremony: best dance/electronic recording for "Break My Soul" and best traditional R&B performance for "Plastic Off the Sofa." She also won best R&B song for "Cuff It" earlier in the live show, but was apparently stuck in traffic and didn't accept the award in person. Beyoncé previously became the most-awarded woman in 2021 when she won her 28th Grammy, breaking a record previously held by Alison Krauss and tying superproducer Quincy Jones as the two living artists with the most Grammys. With her fourth win on Sunday, she surpassed the late classical conductor Sir Georg Solti, who held the all-time record with 31 Grammy Awards out of 74 nominations. Solti's final award was bestowed for best opera recording at the 40th annual Grammy Awards in 1998, just five months after he died at age 84. In her acceptance speech for best dance/electronic album, Beyoncé thanked her "beautiful husband" Jay-Z, her three children, her parents, and her late Uncle Jonny, to whom she previously dedicated "Renaissance." Before he died of AIDS-related illness, Beyoncé's Uncle Jonny exposed her to "a lot of the music and culture that serve as inspiration for this album," she wrote on her website. As Insider previously reported, "Renaissance" is heavily rooted in house and club sounds that were pioneered by the LGBTQ community. The tracklist samples queer legends like Big Freedia, Kevin Aviance, Moi Renee, Honey Dijon, and Ts Madison. "I'd like to thank the queer community for your love and for inventing this genre," she said onstage. Beyoncé received five additional nominations this year, including record of the year for "Break My Soul" and album of the year for "Renaissance," but lost both to Lizzo and Harry Styles, respectively. She is currently tied with Jay-Z for the most nominations in history (88). You can find a full list of nominees and winners here.	https://www.insider.com/beyonce-grammys-most-awarded-person-ever-2023-2
Billie Eilish has won Best Pop Vocal Album for WHEN WE ALL FALL ASLEEP, WHERE DO WE GO? at the 62nd GRAMMY Awards. She was nominated for a total of six awards at the 62nd GRAMMY Awards, including Record Of The Year, Album Of The Year, Song Of The Year and Best New Artist, among others. Her debut full-length album, WHEN WE ALL FALL ASLEEP, WHERE DO WE GO? debuted in March 2019. The album reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and topped charts around the world. Prior to the release of the album, Eilish said she hopes to keep her sound fresh, and listeners shouldn't expect the same thing with each album. "So, basically, I'm just making music that's going to be f***ing crazy, that I could just go off, you know? And I'm always changing. I never want to have a sound," Eilish told GRAMMY.com at Lollapalooza. "I feel like if somebody thinks I have a sound, don't listen to my music. I don't want that. I don't want to be one thing. I want to be everything in one, I guess. So [the album is] sort of just everything that I haven't been yet." Eilish beat out fellow nominees Taylor Swift (Lover), Ed Sheeran (No.6 Collaborations Project), Ariana Grande (thank u, next) and Beyoncé (The Lion King: The Gift). Check out the complete 62nd GRAMMY Awards nominees and winners list here.	https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/billie-eilish-wins-best-pop-vocal-album-2020-grammys
The 63rd Annual Grammy Awards, hosted by Trevor Noah, took place on March 14th, 2021 and a lot went down. Songs were sung, dances were danced, and history was made. I try to make it a habit to watch the Grammys every year and trust me, I was not disappointed. Below is a list of 5 memorable moments from this year’s Grammy Awards. - Lil Baby’s Performance of “The Bigger Picture” - Lil Baby transformed the stage through his performance of his song “The Bigger Picture”, which relayed a powerful message condemning police brutality. The violence happening behind Lil Baby during his performance, as seen through live fires fuming out of buildings and people running away out of fear, represents the violence going on in the world today, specifically towards people of color. There were also representations of the Black Lives Matter movement and protests that occurred over this past summer. Lil Baby was not alone on stage as Killer Mike, Tamika Mallory, and Kendrick Sampson made appearances in the performance to help get the message across. The powerful performance had a strong impact on viewers, informing them of the issues that people of color deal with on a daily basis and what needs to change in our society. Check out his performance here! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zK3PQ_KY_0s - Beyoncé Makes Grammy History - Beyoncé made Grammy history by being the most-awarded woman ever! Queen B has accumulated a total of 28 Grammys in her lifetime. Her daughter, Blue Ivy, also won her first Grammy at only 9 years old for her part in “Brown Skin Girl”, which won Best Music Video. Beyoncé also supported fellow artist Megan Thee Stallion for her win of Best New Artist and Best Rap Song, which Beyoncé collaborated on with her. Beyoncé continues to mesmerize us all and leave us waiting for more! - Harry Styles - Let’s be honest: Harry Styles, in general, was the most memorable person at this year’s Grammys. Not only did the singer take home his first ever Grammy for Best Pop Solo Performance (insert happy tears), but he also started the show off with an incredible variation of his song “Watermelon Sugar”. He performed in a leather jacket and pants set and accessorized with a green boa (legend). He had two more outfits prepared, both including a boa as well: one purple and the other black. Styles interacted with many other artists on the big night including Taylor Swift and Lizzo (can you say “iconic”?). Check out his performance here! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teoHWCMnpFE - Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion’s “WAP” Performance - Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion took to the stage to perform their hit song “WAP”, which, simply put, was fantastic. This was the first time the duo performed the song live and they did not disappoint. The intricate choreography and over-the-top set pieces brought the whole performance together. “WAP” was one of the biggest songs this year, especially on TikTok, and it was fun to see a live performance of it that definitely exceeded expectations. Check out their performance here! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnBZLFB7kLo - Taylor Swift Wins Album of the Year - Taylor Swift took home her third Album of the Year Grammy for one of her two new albums, Folklore! She made history by becoming the first female artist to win the category three times. Taylor Swift also strutted the red carpet in a beautiful floral dress and pink heels that screamed “Folklore”. Her performance combined songs from her two newest albums, including “cardigan”, “august”, and “willow”, which totally blew me away. Everything from the set to her dress, and of course her angelic voice, was absolutely magical. Check out her performance here! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uzii44SDYFA&t=2s Of course there were plenty of other memorable moments from this year’s Grammy Awards, such as Billie Eilish taking home the award for Record of the Year for Everything I Wanted and H.E.R. taking home the Grammy for Song of the Year for her song “I Can’t Breathe”. And who could forget Dua Lipa’s pink-filled, incredible performance of “Levitating”/“Don’t Start Now” or Silk Sonic’s debut of “Leave the Door Open”? Although the Grammys looked different this year, it was a nice sense of normalcy that we were all craving. Congratulations to all of the nominees and winners – we’ll see you next year! References:	https://www.hercampus.com/school/adelphi/most-memorable-moments-2021-grammys/
Marshall Bruce Mathers III was born in October 17, 1972 (46 by October), known professionally as Eminem (/ˌɛmɪˈnɛm/; often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, film producer, and actor. Born in Kansas City, Missouri in 1972, Eminem moved from home to home with his mother Debbie. His father left them when Eminem was just a baby. The family eventually moved to Eight Mile Road on the East side of Detroit. Eminem fell in love with rap from an early age. The artist recalled his first rhyme in a 2011 interview with Rolling Stone. After his debut album Infinite (1996) and the extended play Slim Shady EP (1997), Eminem signed with Dr. Dre’s Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP, which earned him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album. His next two releases, 2000’s The Marshall Mathers LP and 2002’s The Eminem Show, were worldwide successes, with each being certified diamond in U.S. sales and both winning Best Rap Album Grammy Awards—making Eminem the first artist to win the award for three consecutive LPs. They were followed by Encore in 2004, another critical and commercial success. No 4: “My Name Is” (won Grammys awards 2000 Best Rap Solo Performance) 1999 MTV Video Music Awards Best New Artist in a Video, Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005 partly due to a prescription drug addiction. He released Relapse in 2009 and Recovery in 2010. Both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide, the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year (after The Eminem Show). No 3: “Love the Way You Lie” featuring Rihanna (in 2011, nominated at the Grammys and won Top Rap Song Billboard Music Awards in 2011 Eminem released “Love the Way You Lie” with Rihanna in 2010 and dropped singles with Beyoncé, Pink and Ed Sheeran in 2017. No 2: “Lucky You” featuring Joyner Lucas (nominated under the category Best Rap Song at the 2019 Grammys)off the album Kamikaz- kamikaze is a person or thing that behaves in a wildly destructive manner; this song finds Eminem crashing into his critics. Eminem’s eighth album, 2013’s The Marshall Mathers LP 2, won two Grammy Awards, including Best Rap Album; it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15. These were followed by 2017’s Revival and 2018’s Kamikaze,the latter being the best-selling hip hop album of 2018. No 1: “The Real Slim Shady” (in 2000, Won Billboard Music Awards Maximum Vision Video and Best Rap/Hip-Hop Clip of the Year, Best Rap Solo Performance Won awards 2001, 2000 Billboard Music Awards Best Rap/Hip-Hop Clip of the Year, 2000 MOBO Awards Best Hip Hop Act, 2000, MTV Video Music Awards The Real Slim Shady Video of the Year, 2001 Grammy Awards The Real Slim Shady Best Rap Solo Performance Studio albums: Infinite (1996), The Slim Shady LP (1999), The Marshall Mathers LP (2000),The Eminem Show (2002), Encore (2004), Relapse (2009), Recovery (2010), The Marshall Mathers LP 2 (2013),Revival (2017), Kamikaze (2018). Collaborative albums: Devil’s Night (with D12) (2001), D12 World (with D12) (2004), Hell: The Sequel (with Bad Meets Evil) (2011) FACTS Eminem was the first artist to win the award for three consecutive LPs. Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States. Guinness Book of World Records: 2000 Fastest selling rap artist. 2005 Most successful rap artist in the UK,2010 21st century’s top-selling album act (USA), 2015 Most words in a hit single and 2017 Most likes for a musician on Facebook (male) among others. Throughout his career, he has had 9 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. He is the only artist to have nine albums consecutively debut at number one on the Billboard 200. With over 220 million records sold globally, Eminem is among the world’s best-selling He is consistently cited as one of the greatest and most influential artists of all time in hip hop, with Rolling Stone placing him in its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and labeling him the “King of Hip Hop” In November 2002, he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile playing himself, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for “Lose Yourself”, becoming the first rap artist to ever win the award. He shared the 2002 Academy Award for Best Original Song for his song Lose Yourself, co-written with Jeff Bass and Luis Resto. His Academy Award win made him the first rapper to receive this award. AWARDS Eminem has received fifteen Grammy Awards, has been praised for his “verbal energy” and lyrical quality and was ranked ninth on MTV’s Greatest MCs of All Time list. In 2003, he was thirteenth on MTV’s 22 Greatest Voices in Music list and 82nd on Rolling Stone’s Immortals list. In 2008, Vibe readers named Eminem the Best Rapper Alive. “The Real Slim Shady” (from Eminem’s second Grammy-winning album, The Marshall Mathers LP) criticizes the awards in its second verse, with Eminem believing at the time that negative opinion of his material would prevent him from ever winning one. Eminem received the Global Icon Award at the 2013 MTV Europe Music Awards in Amsterdam. Now, at 45 years old, Eminem has been in the business for a lot longer than he thought he would. He once told Rolling Stone he expected to retire at 30. One way he’s maintained his creative spark is by collaborating with other artists.	https://theboxshowafrica.com/2019/05/we-feature-the-rap-god-eminem-on-our-aotw/
Last night’s 59th annual Grammy awards were eventful to say the least. There were a number of victories for this year’s nominees accompanied by some unexpected moments. Chance took home three Grammy’s while also becoming the first black Hip-Hop entertainer to win ” Best New Artist” since Lauryn Hill in 1999. Solange won her first grammy for Best R&B Performance for Cranes in The Sky and Adele won song of the year and album of the year, despite many predictions that Beyoncé would have taken that title for her project Lemonade. In her acceptance speech, Adele gracefully explained why the award should have gone to Beyoncé, bringing her to tears. Needless to say, the Grammys were also filled with plenty of great style moments. Let’s take a look at 10 of our favorite red carpet ensembles from last night’s highly anticipated awards show.	https://www.ebony.com/entertainment/grammy-style-recap/
Beyoncé made history at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards on March 14, 2021, becoming the female artist and the singer of any gender with the most Grammys, with 28 awards. Although she wasn’t confirmed to attend, Beyoncé and her husband Jay-Z made a surprise appearance near the end of the telecast. The “Black Parade” singer accompanied Megan Thee Stallion on stage after their collaboration “Savage” won Best Rap Performance, after which host Trevor Noah broke the news to Beyoncé, leading to a thousand memes on social media of her shocked face. While the Grammys marked a celebratory evening for Beyoncé and her family — Blue Ivy became the second-youngest Grammy winner for her feature in “Brown Skin Girl” — it turns out the singer suffered quite a financial loss earlier in the month. Queen Bey was the target of a heist, which seem to be on the rise in Hollywood, with Miley Cyrus falling victim to thieves as well. Here’s what we know about the heist involving Beyoncé. Beyonce suffered material losses in the heist According to TMZ, thieves broke into three of Beyoncé’s storage units in Los Angeles, and stole “more than $1 million worth of valuables.” Law enforcement sources told the outlet that the thieves stole twice from Beyoncé and took off with her expensive handbags and dresses. The storage units were rented out by her production company, Parkwood Entertainment, but all the items that thieves stole belonged to Beyoncé. The same source added that the thieves “took down 3 storage units” located in the same facility within a week and made off with “kids toys and photos belonging to one of Beyoncé’s stylists.” As of this writing, law enforcement has not yet identified the thieves who stole from Beyoncé nor has the singer issued a statement. However, given how protective Beyoncé’s fans are of their idol, we’re sure it won’t take long for them to assist the police with their findings.	https://moviesmylife.com/music/what-we-know-about-the-heist-targeting-beyonce/
Beyoncé was born Beyoncé Giselle Knowles on September 4, 1981, in Houston, Texas, USA. She is music artist, actress, model, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Beyoncé's interest in entertainmnet started very early in her life, performing in various singing and dancing competttions as a child. She rose to fame in the late 1990s, as a lead singer of the R&B girls group, Destiny's Child. The group was managed by her dad, and was one of the world's best -selling girl groups before it's official disbandment in 2006. Beyoncé released her debut solo studio album in 2003, while still with Destiny's Child. The album, Dangerously In Love, was in strict terms, the cornerstone for Beyoncé's establishment and success as a global music superstar. It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200 Chart and earned her 5 Grammy Awards. Also, the album featured 2 number-one singles, namely Crazy In Love and Baby Boy, on the Billboard Hot 100. Beyoncé went solo fully fledged after the demise of Destiny's Child, and released her second studio album, B´Day, in 2006. The album debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200 Chart and earned her a Grammy Award in 2007 for Best Contemporary R&B Album. Her third studio album, I Am....Sasha Fierce, was released in 2008. Like her previous two albums, I am...Sasha Fierce debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200 Chart. Beyoncé's fourth studio album, 4, was equally successful. The album was released in 2011 and debuted at number 1 on the Billiboard 200 Chart. She released her fifth studio album, Beyoncé, in 2013. As always, the album debuted at number 1 on the Billiboard 200 Chart. The album features hit single Drunk In Love, a duet with her husband Jay Z. Her sixth and last studio album so far, Lemonade, released in 2016, is probably the second most successful studio album after Dangerously In Love. The album debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200 Chart, and all its 12 tracks have debuted on the Billiboard Hot 100 Chart. The album has been certified 3 x Platinum in June 2019 after having sold 3 million copies in USA. Throughout her music career so far, Beyoncé has sold over 100 million records as a solo artist, and 60 million with Destiny's Child, worldwide. She has won 20 Grammy Awards, and is the most nominated woman in the Grammy Awards' history. In 2014, Beyoncé was world's highest paid music artist of African descent, and was listed among Time's 100 most influencial people in the world, in second year running. Despite her overwhelming performance and authority in music, Beyoncé is still very humble, and publicly credits her massive success as a music artist to those who came before her. She particularly has great respect for Michael Jackson, who she says influenced and inspired her to a very great deal, after she attended her first ever concert at the age of 5, in which Michael Jackson was performing. She goes to the extent of saying that if it wasn't for Michael Jackson's influence, she may, perhaps, not have became a music artist! She also has lots of respect for Diana Ross, Donna Summer, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, and Whitney Houston, among others. In addition to music and as indicated earlier, Beyoncé is involved in some other career activities including movie acting, modelling, entrepreneurship. Detailed description of these activities will follow soon. Furthermore, Beyoncé is probably one of the most committed philanthropists in the world. We will illustrate as thus. On the one hand, the diva is a co-founder of a charity called Survivor Foundation. The latter was launched in 2015, and geared towards providing emergency housing for victims of the Hurricane Katrina, within the Houston area in Texas. She contributed $250 000 to the Foundation as initial funding of it's charitable endeavor. On the other hand, she has so far supported 37 charities that include the following:	https://www.smartbeautifulwomen.com/single-post/beyonc%C3%A9-biography
Grammys 2017 Breakdown: Bowie and Beyoncé Finally Get Their Long Overdue Recognition The Grammy Awards are always a mess of an award show, but at least they’ve finally come around to recognizing the greatness of David Bowie and Beyoncé. There’s never really been much of a narrative to the Grammy awards. Unlike the Oscars and (increasingly) the Emmys, the nominations tend to forgo critical consensus and instead tries to find some ever-shifting sweet spot between commercial success, household name status, and actual quality. There are some broad trends in what kind of music it tends to reward, but there’s no real formula for figuring out what it might favor in any giving year. As a televised spectacle it can be occasionally fun to watch, but it’s not the MTV Awards when it comes to all out fun nor is it the Pazz’n’Jop poll when it comes to critical consensus. Maybe it’s because no one actually ever tries to make an album with the express intent of winning a Grammy. A-List actors will take chances on more artistic films with the goal of winning an Oscar and cable channels and streaming services take big risks on shows with the hope that they may find glory at the Emmys. Yet, there’s no real equivalent in the music business. While Brad Pitt may team up with a little-known indie director for awards bait, Katy Perry is never going to record some experimental post-electro-R&B meets synth wave EP just to win a Grammy, you know what we mean? Nor do the awards go out of their way to shine the spotlight on littler indie albums either. So the Grammys takes whatever music was made that year and tries to categorize and make sense of it all with populist sentiment in mind, and then dumps a long list of nominations in 84 different categories on us that we, in turn, try to coax some narrative out. You can read the full list here, but here’s our best go at takeaways in seven easy bullet points. 1. Beyoncé Has Never Had a Big Year at The Grammys, This Might Finally Be It Beyoncé has conquered the world, but she’s never really conquered the Grammys. Which is odd to say, because between her solo work, various collaborations and career with Destiny’s Child, she’s won 20 of them. Most of those, however, come in below-the-fold categories. She’s the biggest pop star on the planet, but the Grammys seem to think she’s merely a talented R&B singer. When it comes to the show’s big four awards, she’s only ever won one – the 2010 Song of the Year award for “Single Ladies.” She took home a few others that year, but 2010 will forever be known as Taylor Swift’s first win for Album of the Year. That could change this year. After almost completely ignoring Four and snubbing Beyoncé in favor of Beck, she might finally have her year. She leads the nominations with a total of nine and has nominations for Song, Record, and Album of the year. The biggest spoiler may be Adele, who has also nominations in those three categories, but she’s already had her big Grammy night by taking home all three of them back in 2012. 2. David Bowie Only Has One Damn Grammy, But That Could Change To give you an idea of how quixotic the Grammys are, David Bowie has only ever received one competitive award. He won best music video back in 1985 for his short film Jazzin’ for Blue Jean, and that’s it. That’s really, somehow, it! Nothing from his famed Berlin Trilogy was ever even nominated, and his album Let’s Dance was his only nomination in a major category (it lost to Michael Jackson’s Thriller, which is understandable). Sure, they gave him a lifetime achievement award once, but the Grammys have never been a huge fan of Bowie during his prime. They’re finally trying to make it up to the great this year, now that he’s dead. His final album Blackstar and its lead single are nominated in five different categories (though, one of those awards would be for the album’s art director, not Bowie). Some critics think it’s a snub, but in a way, it’s a major Grammy triumph for Bowie. He’s never had that many nominations in a single year before. 3. The Grammy’s Prove That Their Own “Best New Artist” Award is Meaningless Remember back in 2011 when Twitter practically erupted in flames when jazz artist Esperanza Spalding beat out Justin Bieber (and Drake) for Best New Artist. Yeah, well, this year both Bieber and Drake are nominated for Album of the Year. To make it stranger, Spalding actually also released an album this year as well. Emily’s D+Evolution was critically adored. Pitchfork, in particular, gave it an 8.6 and the Best New Music mark. Yet, the Grammys completely ignored the album, even in its Jazz specific categories. So good luck to whoever wins the award this year, because it certainly doesn’t mean the Grammys have your back later down the road. So, the year’s two most commercially successful new artists – Zayn and Shawn Mendes – shouldn’t even be that miffed that they were snubbed in the category. 4. Kanye Can’t Catch a Break The Grammy’s have a weird history with Kanye West. They nominated his first three albums for their top award. He never won, and when he released what is still regarded as his masterpiece, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, the Grammys snubbed him the top category completely. Kanye’s been relegated mostly to the rap-specific categories ever since, a trend that continues this year. Though he does dominate the genre, with nods in Best Rap Album and two each in Best Rap/Sung Performance, Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance. Oddly, neither Famous nor Fade got any recognition in the video category. 5. A Lot of People Are Probably Googling “Lukas Graham” and “Sturgill Simpson” Right Now. Lukas Graham is a Danish R&B band of sorts whose song “7 Years” you may have heard on the radio is up for both Song and Record of the year. Simpson is a sort of country-meets-roots-rock guy from Nashville who’s been bubbling under for a few years, and the Grammys probably feel safe in recognizing in the major Album of the Year category because the disc, A Sailor’s Guide to Earth, is his first on a major label. There. Saved you some time. 6. Somehow This Could Also Be Amy Schumer’s Big Night The Grammys technically aren’t awards for music. They’re awards for audio recording, and that includes spoken word recordings as well. Amy Schumer is the breakout star of the non-musical categories with a nomination each for the audio version of her book The Girl With The Lower Back Tattoo in Best Spoken Word Album and the audio version of her HBO special Live at the Apollo in the Best Comedy Album category. 7. Hmm, “Jolene” is Really Dolly Parton’s Signature Song Now, Isn’t It? “I Will Always Love You” may be the most successful song Dolly Parton ever wrote, but it was really Whitney Houston who made it iconic. “Nine to Five” was Parton’s biggest commercial hit on her own, but it was a fun ’80s soundtrack hit and not necessarily a timeless classic. “Coat of Many Colors” may have been her big breakthrough and most autobiographical song. But it seems in recent years her track “Jolene” has become Parton’s signature song. Artists as varied as Miley Cyrus and the White Stripes have reintroduced the track to younger generations, and the Grammys have decided to cement that status by making the somewhat curious choice to nominate Pentatonix’s a cappella version (which features Parton herself) for Best Country Duo/Group Performance. And that’s pretty much the Grammys in a nutshell. Finally figuring things out years, if not decades, later. Beyoncé Always Makes a Statement on the Red Carpet Beyonce made her presence known on the red carpet of the 9th Annual MTV Movie Awards in an asymmetrical tie-dye slip dress paired with long blonde wavy locks. A year later, Beyonce returned to the 2001 MTV Movie Awards in a yellow sheer and embellished midi dress that accentuated her petite waistline and long legs. Beyonce wore this bohemian-inspired suede dress, designed by her mother Tina Knowles, to the MTV Video Music Awards. Beyonce celebrated her first film role in the Austin Powers film Goldmember by dressing the part for the premiere. Beyonce wore a strapless denim patchwork dress, fitted Yankees hat and Manolo Blahnik Timberland boots during her performance with Jay-Z on MTV’s TRL. Beyonce didn’t always get it right–this fur-trimmed corset and broken satin ball skirt at the VHI Big in ’03 event was a miss. Beyonce was a stylish glamazon at the Billboard Music Awards in an intricately beaded gold mini frock. She completed the look with gold metal sandals and oversized pendant earrings. Beyonce was all about the glam at the 2004 Brit Awards. She showed of her phenomenal shape by keeping her look simple in a spaghetti-strapped gold printed slip dress with bare wrists and neck. At the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards, Beyonce paired Farrah Fawcett-inspired curls with a playful gold short suit. The singer looked sophisticated at the 2005 Academy Awards in a strapless vintage Atelier Versace gown and bold diamond chandelier earrings. Beyonce is the master of glamour in an exquisite champagne mermaid-shaped embellished gown at the 2005 Cipriani Wall Street Concert Series. At the 48th Annual Grammy Awards, the singer wore another fitted strapless gown. And, again, it was gorgeous. At the 48th Annual Grammy Awards, the gorgeous singer appeared in yet another fitted strapless mermaid-styled gown. In this glitzy Dolce & Gabbana and metal corset belt, Beyonce was the queen of the 2007 BET Awards, where she won the award for Best Female R&B Artist and the number one spot on every best dressed list. Beyonce looked stunning at the 2007 Movies Rock Event in this emerald green satin Zac Posen dress. Beyonce arrived at the 2008 Grammy Awards in a chic sunshine yellow sweetheart gown with a matching neck scarf. At the 2009 Academy Awards, Beyonce posed in a Tina Knowles House of Dereon original design. This bold embroidered, figure-hugging floral gown fit like a glove. The singer showed off her curves on the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards red carpet in a futuristic, metallic Atelier Versace strapless gown. Beyonce wore a rose-colored satin Stephane Rolland gown to the 2010 Grammy Awards. The plunging neckline, embroidered tribal designs, matching talons and structured shoulder paddings was the perfect semi-formal look for the occasion. At the 2011 Met Gala, Beyonce turned heads in a black and gold Emilio Pucci cut-out fishtail gown paired with a sleek middle-part ponytail hairstyle. Beyonce revealed her baby bump at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards in this orange one-shoulder Lanvin gown. The singer attended the 2012 Met Gala in a show-stopping sheer Givenchy couture gown, which was detailed with crystal embellishments, black lace and a ombre feathered train. Beyonce wore a neon-colored Stephane Rolland gown to the 2012 BET Awards. The large gold metal geometric belt was the perfect accessory to accentuate her waistline and curves. For the release of her self-titled visual album ‘Beyonce’, the singer wore a Tom Ford black sheer and embellished mini dress paired with the matching thigh-high peep-toe boots. Wearing a custom ivory Michael Costello sheer floral print gown to the 56th Grammy Awards, Beyonce leaves little to the imagination. Playing into the ‘Charles James: Beyond Fashion’ theme at the 2014 Met Gala, the star chose a gothic-inspired, sheer and embellished Givenchy gown. Just when she’d showed it all on the red carpet, Beyonce arrived to the 2015 Met Gala in a jaw dropping see-through Givenchy custom embellished gown with glittering colored rhinestones in all the right places. Beyonce rocked a high ponytail and a seductive maroon dress at the Tidal X:1020 event. NEW YORK, NY – MAY 02: Singer Beyonce attends the “Manus x Machina: Fashion In An Age Of Technology” Costume Institute Gala at Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 2, 2016 in New York City. (Photo by Dimitrios Kambouris/Getty Images) Nominated for 11 awards at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards, Beyonce wore an appropriately regal gown by Francesco Scognamiglio on the red carpet. The dress featured a feathery neckline that extended out and around the back, giving it the illusion of wings.	https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/grammys-2017-breakdown-bowie-and-beyonce-finally-get-their-long-overdue-recognition
Beyoncé is an American singer-songwriter, producer, actress, philanthropist, and businesswoman. Beyoncé is one of the most decorated singers of all time with 28 Grammy Awards, 31 BET Awards, 26 MTV Video Music Awards, 24 NAACP Image Awards, and 17 Soul Train Music Awards. Table of Biography Early Life Beyoncé’s full name is Beyoncé Giselle Knowles. Her date of birth is 4th September 1981 and she is currently 40 years old. She hails from Houston, Texas, and her zodiac sign is Virgo. Talking about her family, her parents are Celestine “Tina” Knowles (née Beyonce) and Mathew Knowles. Her mother is Louisiana Creole whereas her father is African American. Similarly, she has a younger sister named Solange Knowles who is also a singer and a former backup dancer for Destiny’s Child. Likewise, her maternal grandparents had roots in New Iberia. Education Regarding her education, Knowles attended St. Mary’s Montessori School in Houston. Beyoncé enrolled in Parker Elementary School in the fall of 1990. Also, this personality attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts and Alief Elsik High School. Career and Professional Life Professionally, Beyoncé is a popular singer-songwriter, actress, and producer. This singer performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child. Likewise, her interest in music and performing continued after she won a school talent show at the young age of 7 years. She won this show by singing John Lennon’s Imagine and beating 15/16-year-old contestants. This singer gained prominence in the late 1990s as the lead singer of Destiny’s Child. This girls’ group’s hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé’s debut album Dangerously in Love in the year 2003. This album also featured the US Billboard Hot 100 #1 singles Crazy in Love and Baby Boy. After Destiny’s Child After Destiny’s Child disbanded in 2006, Beyoncé released her 2nd solo album B’Day. This album included singles Irreplaceable and Beautiful Liar. This personality also appeared in multiple films including The Pink Panther and Dreamgirls in 2006, Obsessed in 2009, and The Lion King in 2019. Her marriage to singer Jay-Z and her portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records in 2008 influenced Beyoncé’s 3rd album I Am… Sasha Fierce. She released this album in the same color and it went on to earn a record-setting six Grammy Awards in the year 2010. Moreover, this album included the successful singles If I Were a Boy, Single Ladies, and Halo. Likewise, she professionally split from her manager and father Mathew Knowles in 2010. Following this, this singer released her musically diverse 4th album 4 in the year 2011. She then released her albums Beyoncé in 2013 and Lemonade in 2016. Her latter album was the world’s best-selling album of 2016 as well as the most acclaimed album of her career. This song explored themes of infidelity and womanism. More Details In the year 2018, this singer released Everything Is Love. This album is a collaboration with her husband Jay-Z. For this album, the husband-wife duo performed as the Carters. As a featured artist, this singer topped the Billboard Hot 100 with the remixes of Perfect by Ed Sheeran in 2017 and Savage by Megan Thee Stallion in 2020. Also in 2020, this singer released the musical film and visual album Black Is King. Furthermore, this singer is one of the world’s best-selling recording artists. As such, Beyoncé has sold more than 120 million records worldwide as a solo artist by the year 2010. Similarly, this singer is the 1st solo artist to have her initial six studio albums debut at #1 on the Billboard 200. Additionally, for her success during the 2000s, Beyoncé received the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)’s Top Certified Artist of the Decade and Billboard’s Top Female Artist of the Decade. Also, Billboard named this singer the highest-earning black musician of all time in 2014. Further, in 2020, Beyoncé was included on Time’s list of 100 women who defined the last century. Similarly, Beyoncé’s accolades include 26 MTV Video Music Awards, 28 Grammy Awards, 17 Soul Train Music Awards, 24 NAACP Image Awards, and 31 BET Awards. This singer made her runway modeling debut in September 2010 at Tom Ford’s Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show. People named her the “World’s Most Beautiful Woman” whereas Complex named her the “Hottest Female Singer of All Time” in 2012. Net Worth Moving on, Beyoncé has a net worth of around $500 million US dollars. She earns a huge amount through her successful career in singing, songwriting, producing, companies Beyond Productions and Parkwood Entertainment, endorsements and partnerships, and fashion lines House of Deréon, Ivy Park, and Topshop. She also contributes generously to philanthropic activities through foundations like Knowles-Rowland Center for Youth, Survivor Foundation, Knowles-Temenos Place Apartments, Phoenix House, Beyoncé Cosmetology Center, etc. Relationship Status Beyoncé is happily married to Shawn Corey Carter (aka Jay-Z). This celebrity couple tied the knot on 4 April 2008 without any publicity. This singer-couple is famous for their private relationship but they have appeared more relaxed since 2013. The lovers began their relationship after their collaboration on 03 Bonnie & Clyde. This son appeared on her husband’s 7th album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse in 2002. In the music video for this song, she appeared as Jay-Z’s girlfriend. This fueled speculation about Beyoncé and Jay-Z’s relationship. This lovely couple welcomed their daughter Blue Ivy on 7 January 2012 at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. She then welcomed their twins – daughter Rumi and son Sir – on 13 June 2017. She uploaded a photo of herself and the twins on her Instagram on 13 July 2017. Moreover, her twins were born at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in California. Body Measurements Beyoncé stands tall at an approximate height of 5 feet 7 inches or 169 cm and her weight is around 61 kgs. Similarly, this world-famous singer has a chest-waist-hip measurement of 35-26-39 inches respectively. Likewise, Beyoncé has beautiful brown eyes and hair of the same color. Social Media Talking about her social media presence, Beyoncé joined Twitter in April 2009 and has over 15.6 million followers on her @Beyonce Twitter account. On her Instagram account @beyonce, this singer has over 272 million followers and over 56 million followers on her Facebook profile. Likewise, she created her self-titled Youtube channel on 7 November 2005. So far, this channel has earned over 15.7 billion views and 24.9 million subscribers. Her @beyonce Tiktok profile has garnered over 4 million followers and 2.4 million likes as of early August 2022.	https://biographymask.com/beyonce/
Will Beyoncé become the belated queen of the Grammy Awards with her field-leading nine new nominations? Or will Queen Bey, as the vocal superstar is fondly called by many of her fans, leave largely empty-handed — as in 2017, when her then-field-leading nine nominations resulted in just two wins in minor categories? Those are just a few of the intriguing questions raised by Tuesday’s announcement of the 2021 Grammy nominations. After Beyoncé, the three top contenders — with six nominations each — are Taylor Swift, English dance-pop singer Dua Lipa and rapper Roddy Ricch. Alabama Shakes’ singer Brittany Howard received five nominations for her genre-blurring 2019 solo debut album, “Jaime.” Swift’s six nominations include Album of the Year (for “folklore”) and Song of the Year (for “Cardigan”), while Ricch’s six nominations include Song of the Year (for “The Box”) and Record of the Year (for “Rockstar,” his duet with fellow hip-hop senstaion Da Baby). The other artist to garner six nominations is London-born Lipa, who has won two previous Grammys. The daughter of Albanian immigrant parents, she is apparently the first internationally successful singer to grow up in both England and Kosovo. Lipa, 25, is nominated for Album of the Year (for “Future Nostalgia”) and Song of the Year and Record of the Year (both for “Don’t Start Now,” whose refrain — “Don’t show up / Don’t come out” — has become a popular quarantine meme during the coronavirus pandemic). No fewer than seven artists earned four nominations each on Tuesday. They include: Justin Bieber; rappers Da Baby and Megan Thee Stallion; Los Angeles troubadour Phoebe Bridgers; jazz keyboardist and big-band leader John Beasley; classical-music album producer David Frost; and angst-fueled singer and songwriter Billie Eilish, who in January swept the 62nd annual Grammy Awards (at the age of 18) by winning Best New Artist and Album, Record and Song of the Year honors. Mickey Guyton was nominated in the Best Country Solo Performance category for her stirring ballad, “Black Like Me.” She is the first Black female solo artist in Grammy history to be nominated in a country category. The newly announced nominees for Best New Artist and Album, Record and Song of the Year appear at the conclusion of this article. For a complete list of contenders in all 83 categories, including those in which San Diego-bred artists Anoushka Shankar, Gregory Porter and Alison Brown are nominated, go to grammy.com. Grammys 2021: What you need to know about San Diego-bred nominees Anoushka Shankar, Gregory Porter and Alison Brown Two of the three former San Diego musicians are past Grammy winners The winners in the most high-profile categories will be announced during the 63rd annual edition of the Grammys, which will be televised Jan. 31 on CBS. The other winners will be announced during the pre-televised online Grammy Premier ceremony. South African-born comedian Trevor Noah will host the Grammy telecast for the first time. “The Daily Show with Trevor Noah” star replaces singer-songwriter (and La Jolla resident) Alicia Keys, who ably helmed the 2020 and 2019 editions of what has long been billed as “music’s biggest night.” “Despite the fact that I am extremely disappointed that the Grammys have refused to have me sing or be nominated for Best Pop Album, I am thrilled to be hosting this auspicious event,” Noah said in a statement released Tuesday morning. “I think as a one-time Grammy nominee, I am the best person to provide a shoulder to all the amazing artists who do not win on the night because I, too, know the pain of not winning the award! (This is a metaphorical shoulder, I’m not trying to catch Corona). See you at the 63rd Grammys!” The Grammys are presented under the auspices of the nonprofit Recording Academy, which this year has raised nearly $20 million through its MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund for music industry professionals in need. “This has been a tough year for our industry, but I have witnessed, day after day, the incredible resiliency of the music community,” said Harvey Mason Jr., the academy’s interim president and CEO. “This year’s nominated recordings are proof that the creative spirit continues to be alive and well,” he continued, “and our nominees are a testament to the passion and perseverance that our community embodies. ... I truly believe in the power of music, and the 63rd Grammys will be an opportunity to help us unite, uplift and inspire.” Beyoncé poised to set record The nine categories in which Beyoncé will be vying this time around include Song of the Year for “Black Parade,” her joyful celebration of Black American culture that was featured on the soundtrack to her hit 2019 movie “The Lion King.” She also earned two nominations in the Record of the Year category, one for “Black Parade,” the other for her guest vocal performance on Megan Thee Stallion’s “Savage.” The two also shared Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance nominations for “Savage,” marking the first time Beyoncé has been nominated in either category. With her latest nominations, the 39-year-old Beyoncé now has 79 total career nominations. That ties her with 78-year-old Paul McCartney as the second most-nominated Grammy artist ever. With four more wins, she will surpass bluegrass queen Alison Krauss, a 27-time victor, as the biggest female winner in Grammy history. To date, Beyoncé, has won 24 Grammys as a solo artist and a member of the group Destiny’s Child. Her husband, hip-hop luminary Jay Z — who received three nominations today — and Quincy Jones are now tied for first with 80 career nominations apiece. Beyoncé's most recent album, the soundtrack for the animated film “The Lion King: The Gift,” came out in July 2019 and was nominated — but lost to Billie Eilish — in January. That makes Beyoncé ineligible in this year’s Album of the Year category, where Taylor Swift’s “folklore” could take the prize. The other nominees include: Coldplay (for “Everyday Life”); Post Malone for “Hollywood’s Bleeding,” Dua Lipa (for “Future Nostalgia”); Haim (for “Women in Music Pt. III”); Jhené Aiko for “Chilombo”; Jacob Collier for (“Djesse Vol. 3"); and the Austin soul-funk group Black Pumas (for “Black Pumas, Deluxe Edition.”) Conspicuously absent in this category are the acclaimed latest albums by Bob Dylan, Fiona Apple, Luke Combs, Lady Gaga, The Chicks (as the Dixie Chicks are now known), Phoebe Bridgers, Run The Jewels and upcoming 2021 Super Bowl halftime show performer The Weeknd. All were released during the Sept. 1, 2019, to Aug. 31, 2020, eligibility period. A record 23,207 recordings were submitted for nomination consideration this year. Ballots will be cast by the Recording Academy’s 11,000-plus voting members. The Grammys are usually held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, while the Premier ceremony takes place at the adjacent Microsoft Theater. However, the location for the Jan. 31 edition — the first in Grammys history to take place during a global pandemic — remains unclear. On Monday, a representative for the awards fete told the Union-Tribune via email: “At this time, we are not able to confirm the location of the 63rd telecast.” The pandemic is being cited as the reason for a one-year delay in selecting and announcing the nominees for Best Immersive Audio Album, which would have been the 84th category in this year’s Grammy field. A statement released Tuesday by the Recording Academy, under whose auspices the Grammys are presented, reads: “Due the COVID-19 pandemic, the Best Immersive Audio Album Craft Committee was unable to meet. The judging of the entries in this category has been postponed until such time that we are able to meet in a way that is appropriate to judge the many formats and configurations of the entries and is safe for the committee members. The nominations (n this category) will be announced next year in addition to (and separately from) the 64th Grammy nominations in the category.” 2020 Grammy nominees Album of the Year “Chilombo” — Jhené Aiko “Black Pumas (Deluxe Edition)” — Black Pumas “Everyday Life” — Coldplay “Djesse Vol. 3” — Jacob Collier “Women in Music Pt. III” — Haim “Future Nostalgia” — Dua Lipa “Hollywood’s Bleeding” — Post Malone “folklore” — Taylor Swift Record Of The Year “Black Parade” — Beyoncé “Colors” — Black Pumas “Rockstar” — DaBaby Featuring Roddy Ricch “Say So” — Doja Cat “Everything I Wanted” — Billie Eilish “Don’t Start Now” — Dua Lipa “Circles” — Post Malone “Savage” — Megan Thee Stallion, featuring Beyoncé Song of the Year (This category honors the writers of the nominated songs; the performer is listed parenthetically) “Black Parade” — Denisia Andrews, Beyoncé, Stephen Bray, Shawn Carter, Brittany Coney, Derek James Dixie, Akil King, Kim “Kaydence” Krysiuk & Rickie “Caso” Tice, songwriters (Beyoncé) “The Box” — Samuel Gloade & Rodrick Moore, songwriters (Roddy Ricch) “Cardigan” — Aaron Dessner & Taylor Swift, songwriters (Taylor Swift) “Circles” — Louis Bell, Adam Feeney, Kaan Gunesberk, Austin Post & Billy Walsh, songwriters (Post Malone) “Don’t Start Now” — Caroline Ailin, Ian Kirkpatrick, Dua Lipa & Emily Warren, songwriters (Dua Lipa) “Everything I Wanted” — Billie Eilish O’Connell & Finneas O’Connell, songwriters (Billie Eilish) “I Can’t Breathe” — Dernst Emile II, H.E.R. & Tiara Thomas, songwriters (H.E.R.) “If The World Was Ending” — Julia Michaels & JP Saxe, songwriters (JP Saxe, featuring Julia Michaels) Best New Artist Ingrid Andress Phoebe Bridgers Chika Noah Cyrus D Smoke Doja Cat Kaytranada Megan Thee Stallion Get U-T Arts & Culture on Thursdays A San Diego insider’s look at what talented artists are bringing to the stage, screen, galleries and more. You may occasionally receive promotional content from the San Diego Union-Tribune.	https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/music/story/2020-11-24/grammys-beyonce-leads-with-nine-nominations-taylor-swift-dua-lipa-and-roddy-rich-have-six-each
Beyoncé Knowles with 20 GRAMMY Awards This Texas-born beauty rose to fame with Destiny's Child in the late 1990s and has been unstoppable ever since. Her solo debut album, Dangerously In Love, won five GRAMMY Awards in 2003, and Queen Bey hasn't slowed down since. In 2015 alone, Beyoncé left the 57th Annual GRAMMY Awards with the Best R&B Song and Best R&B Performance Awards for "Drunk In Love" with her husband, Jay Z, and the Best Surround Sound Album Award for Beyoncé. Bruce Springsteen, Al Schmitt, Pat Metheny, Henry Mancini, and Vince Gill are the only other artists with 20 GRAMMY Awards to their names. Stream the 2017 GRAMMY Awards on-demand.	http://www.cbs.com/shows/grammys/photos/1005772/you-won-t-believe-who-s-won-the-most-grammys-ever-/102999/
Political statements—mainly of the anti-Trump variety—popped up throughout the night, as did a few sound problems. And, as always, the passing of recently departed icons was addressed as well. But really, the night belonged to Adele. The British singer-songwriter won five GRAMMYs for her insanely successful 25 album: Best Pop Vocal Album, Best Pop Solo Performance for “Hello,” and the show’s three biggest awards: Album of the Year, Song of the Year (for “Hello”) and Record of the Year (also for “Hello”). Related: GRAMMY Winners 2017: See the Full List She beat Beyoncé in four of those five categories (Bey wasn’t nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album), which seemed to shock and even disturb her. She addressed Queen Bey in her final two acceptance speeches of the night, saying, “My dream, my idol, is Queen Bey and I adore you. You move my soul every single day and you have for the last seventeen years and I want you to be my mommy.” And later, she said, “The artist of my life is Beyoncé. Lemonade was so monumental, Beyoncé, and so well thought out and so beautiful and soul-baring and we all got to see another side to you.” Despite having sold tens of millions of albums and becoming one of the biggest stars in the world in less than a decade, Adele still seemingly geeks out, sweetly, over Beyoncé. Surely those who didn’t like Beyonce’s political statements in her music (or at last year’s Super Bowl Halftime show) probably also weren’t thrilled about some of the other comments that came up throughout the night, some of which were from surprising sources. Jennifer Lopez, on hand to present the Best New Artist award (which went to Chance the Rapper), and who is not generally outspoken politically, said “At this particular point in history, our voices are needed more than ever. As Toni Morrison once said, this is precisely the time when artists go to work. There is no time for despair, no place for self-pity, no need for silence, and no room for fear.” We’re looking forward to hearing how J-Lo addresses this on her next album.READ MORE: President Joe Biden Signs Inflation Reduction Act Into Law Paris Jackson—daughter of Michael Jackson—introduced the Weeknd’s performance, and said, “We can really use this excitement at a Pipeline protest, guys!” before adding, “#NoDAPL!” (a reference to the controversial Dakota Access Pipeline). Did Beyoncé get political in her acceptance speech after she won Best Urban Contemporary Album for Lemonade? Well, here’s what she said: “It’s important to me to show images to my children that reflect their beauty, so they can grow up in a world where they look in the mirror, first through their own families, as well as the news, the Super Bowl, the Olympics, the White House, and the GRAMMYs, and see themselves, and have no doubt that they’re beautiful, intelligent, and capable.” It’s only “political” if that idea offends you. Katy Perry—who spent a lot of time last year on the campaign trail with Hillary Clinton—wore a “persist” armband, a reference to last week’s meme that was inspired by Mitch McConnell’s shutting down Elizabeth Warren in the Senate. Her performance ended with “We the people” being projected on her stage set, a statement of inclusiveness, which could easily be interpreted as an anti-Trump comment. Speaking of “We the People,” A Tribe Called Quest’s performance of that song, done as part of a medley of Tribe songs, saw Busta Rhymes putting Trump on blast; he called out “President Agent Orange for perpetuating all of that evil that you’ve been perpetuating throughout the United States.” Tribe’s leader, Q-Tip, said, “Those people who are pushing people in power to represent them… tonight, we represent you.” “We the People” also criticizes anti-Muslim prejudice—and the songwas written before the latest presidential election, by the way. No matter what side of the political aisle you’re on, everyone could agree that sound problems are a bummer. There were two fairly huge ones.When Metallica took the stage for a very-hyped performance with Lady Gaga, only Gaga’s mic worked; at the beginning of the song, it sounded like Gaga was being backed by Metallica, when it was meant to be a Gaga/James Hetfield duet. Still, the fivesome powered through the issue and provided one of the night’s most exciting moments. Adele took the stage for her second performance of the night to pay tribute to George Michael with a powerful rendition of “Fastlove,” and had to start the song over because of sound problems—echoing technical issues she experienced when she performed at last year’s GRAMMY Awards. Her tribute turned out to be moving, as was Bruno Mars’s tribute to Prince; he was backed by the Time for “Let’s Go Crazy,” and Mars did the late artist proud, not only hitting all the vocal notes, but also the guitar solo. David Bowie wasn’t the subject of a tribute this year—Lady Gaga performed a medley of his songs at last year’s GRAMMYs to lukewarm response—but his final album, Blackstar, won a total of five awards, one of which was for packaging. Bowie’s total GRAMMY count now is five (he wasn’t awarded for the packaging honor). That’s right, before last night, he’d only had one GRAMMY to his name, and it was for a short form video.MORE NEWS: A 10-Year-Old Boy Has Part Of His Leg Amputated After Shark Attack So Beyoncé, who went home with two awards—Best Urban Contemporary Album and Best Music Video (for “Formation”)—can take heart. At the end of a career, it’s rarely about the number of awards that you’ve won, but about how you’ve influenced the culture. And to hear Adele tell it, Beyoncé is about as influential as any artist in the past seventeen years.	https://atlanta.cbslocal.com/2017/02/14/2017-grammys-recap/
Adele's Hello won the song of the year prize at the Grammys at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles Sunday. She apologized for cursing earlier in the show during a tribute to the late George Michael. During the tribute to Michael, Adele stopped her performance near the beginning and used an expletive and said "I can't mess this up for him." She restarted her singing after that. Chance the Rapper who has released his music only through streaming won three Grammys, including best new artist. Beyoncé delivered a performance that was an ode to motherhood with her baby bump featured prominently. The superstar was introduced by her mother Tina Knowles. Beyoncé won the Grammy for best urban contemporary album for Lemonade. The battle for the top awards was expected to be between two of the most successful women in pop — Beyoncé and Adele. They were competing in the top three categories — album, record and song of the year. Challenging the two for album of the year are Justin Bieber, Drake and Sturgill Simpson.	https://toptrendingnews.co/adele-wins-grammy-for-song-of-the-year/
The list of Grammy winners is in, and it’s the very definition of girl power! Beyoncé led the way with a total of four awards, while the list of winners also included the likes of the fellow female artists Taylor Swift, Billie Eilish, Megan Thee Stallion, and H.E.R. In addition to topping the list of winners, Beyoncé also made Grammys history as the most rewarded woman with a career total of 28 Grammy wins. She’s currently tied with Quincy Jones as the artists with the second-most wins. The album of the year award was collected by Taylor Swift with her critically acclaimed LP Folklore, making this her third win in this category. Billie Eilish collected her second record of the year award with “Everything I Wanted”, after winning it with “Bad Guy” last year. Megan Thee Stallion was right behind her “Savage” collaborator Beyoncé with a total of three wins, including the best new artist. H.E.R. came out victorious in the song of the year category with “I Can’t Breathe”, beating the likes of Taylor Swift, Dua Lipa, and Roddy Ricch. The 63rd Annual Grammy Awards took place in and around the Los Angeles Convention Center on March 14th, with Trevor Noah hosting for the first time. Full List of 2021 Grammy Awards Winners: Album of the Year Folklore Taylor Swift Song of the Year I Can’t Breathe Dernst Emile II, H.E.R. & Tiara Thomas, songwriters (H.E.R.) Record of the Year Everything I Wanted Billie Eilish Best New Artist Megan Thee Stallion Best R&B Performance Black Parade Beyoncé Best Pop Vocal Album Future Nostalgia Dua Lipa Best Rap Song Savage Megan Thee Stallion ft. Beyoncé Best Pop Solo Performance Watermelon Sugar Harry Styles Best Country Album Wildcard Miranda Lambert Producer of the Year, Non-Classical Andrew Watt • Break My Heart (Dua Lipa) (T) • Me And My Guitar (A Boogie Wit Da Hoodie) (T) • Midnight Sky (Miley Cyrus) (S) • Old Me (5 Seconds Of Summer) (T) • Ordinary Man (Ozzy Osbourne Featuring Elton John) (T) • Take What You Want (Post Malone Featuring Ozzy Osbourne & Travis Scott) (T) • Under The Graveyard (Ozzy Osbourne) (T) Best Country Song Crowded Table Brandi Carlile, Natalie Hemby & Lori McKenna, songwriters (The Highwomen) Best Country Duo/Group Performance 10,000 Hours Dan + Shay & Justin Bieber Best Country Solo Performance When My Amy Prays Vince Gill Best Rock Album The New Abnormal The Strokes Best Rock Song Stay High Brittany Howard Best Metal Performance Bum Rush Body Count Best Rock Performance Shameika Fiona Apple Best Rap Album King’s Disease Nas Best Rap Performance Savage Megan Thee Stallion ft. Beyoncé Best Melodic Rap Performance Lockdown Anderson .Paak Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album American Standard James Taylor Best Pop Duo/Group Performance Rain on Me Lady Gaga ft. Ariana Grande Best R&B Album Bigger Love John Legend Best Progressive R&B Album It Is What It Is Thundercat Best R&B Song Better Than I Imagined Robert Glasper ft. H.E.R. & Meshell Ndegeocello Best Traditional R&B Performance Anything for You Ledisi Best Latin Jazz Album Four Questions Arturo O’Farrill & The Afro Latin Jazz Orchestra Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album\| Data Lords Maria Schneider Orchestra Best Jazz Instrumental Album Trilogy 2 Chick Corea, Christian McBride & Brian Blade Best Jazz Vocal Album Secrets Are the Best Stories Kurt Elling Featuring Danilo Pérez Best Improvised Jazz Solo All Blues Chick Corea, soloist Track from: Trilogy 2 (Chick Corea, Christian McBride & Brian Blade) Best Alternative Music Album Fetch the Bolt Cutters Fiona Apple Best Musical Theater Album Jagged Little Pill Glen Ballard, composer; Alanis Morissette, composer & lyricist (Original Broadway Cast) Best Comedy Album Black LMitzvah Tiffany Haddish Best Spoken Word Album (Includes Poetry, Audio Books & Storytelling) Blowout: Corrupted Democracy, Rogue State Russia, and the Richest, Most Destructive Industry on Earth Rachel Maddow Best Children’s Music Album All the Ladies Joanie Leeds Best Global Music Album Twice as Tall Burna Boy Best Reggae Album Got to Be Tough Toots & The Maytals Best Regional Roots Music Album Atmosphere New Orleans Nightcrawlers Best Folk Album All the Good Times Gillian Welch & David Rawlings Best Contemporary Blues Album Have You Lost Your Mind Yet?	https://omgcheckitout.com/2021-grammy-awards-beyonce-wins-big-as-female-artists-dominate/
FishBase Names Scientific source : Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase Top \| See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Triplophysa&speciesname=grahami ---> http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Triplophysa-grahami.html http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Triplophysa-grahami.html ---> https://www.fishbase.in/summary/Triplophysa-grahami.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments & Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload references Fish Watcher Related species Species in Triplophysa Species in Nemacheilidae - Classification - Nemacheilidae Cypriniformes Actinopterygii Chordata Animalia Triplophysa grahami (Regan , 1906) Upload your photos and videos Pictures \| Google image Triplophysa grahami Juvenile picture by CAFS Classification / Names Common names \| Synonyms \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| ITIS \| CoL \| WoRMS \| Cloffa Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Nemacheilidae () Etymology: Triplophysa: Greek, triplos = thrice + Greek, physa = tube (Ref. 45335 ) .	https://stri.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Triplophysa+grahami
Click on map for details about points. IDnature guide Fish Links FishBase Names Scientific source : Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase Top \| See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Triportheus&speciesname=magdalenae ---> http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Triportheus-magdalenae.html http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Triportheus-magdalenae.html ---> https://www.fishbase.in/summary/Triportheus-magdalenae.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments & Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload references Fish Watcher Related species Species in Triportheus Species in Triportheidae - Classification - Triportheidae Characiformes Actinopterygii Chordata Animalia Triportheus magdalenae (Steindachner , 1878) Upload your photos and videos Pictures \| Google image Triportheus magdalenae Picture by Bolivar & Valdelamar Classification / Names Common names \| Synonyms \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| ITIS \| CoL \| WoRMS \| Cloffa Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Characiformes (Characins) > Triportheidae () Etymology: Triportheus: Greek, tres tria = three + Greek, portheo = to sack (Ref. 45335 ) . More on author: Steindachner .	https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Triportheus+magdalenae&b=FB58086
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IDnature guides Fish Fish species NCSM Links FishBase Names Scientific source : Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase Top \| See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Etheostoma&speciesname=pyrrhogaster ---> https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Etheostoma&speciesname=pyrrhogaster https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Etheostoma&speciesname=pyrrhogaster ---> https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Etheostoma-pyrrhogaster.html Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments & Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload references Fish Watcher Related species Species in Etheostoma Species in Percidae - Classification - Etheostomatinae Percidae Perciformes Actinopterygii Chordata Animalia Etheostoma pyrrhogaster Bailey & Etnier , 1988 Firebelly darter Upload your photos and videos Google image Etheostoma pyrrhogaster No image available for this species; drawing shows typical fish in this Family. Classification / Names Common names \| Synonyms \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| ITIS \| CoL \| WoRMS \| Cloffa Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Percidae (Perches) > Etheostomatinae Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335 ) ; pyrrhogaster: From the words pyrrho , meaning fire, and gaster , belly (Ref. 10294 ) . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Freshwater; benthopelagic. Temperate; 37°N - 36°N Distribution Countries \| FAO areas \| Ecosystems \| Occurrences \| Point map \| Introductions \| Faunafri North America: Obion and Forked Deer River drainages (Mississippi River basin) in western Kentucky and western Tennessee, USA. Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 7.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723 ) Biology Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Inhabits sand and gravel-bottomed pools of headwaters, creeks and small rivers (Ref. 5723 ); also found in streams (Ref. 10294 ). Feeds on midge larvae (Ref. 10294 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity \| Reproduction \| Spawning \| Eggs \| Fecundity \| Larvae Main reference Upload your references \| References \| Coordinator \| Collaborators Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr , 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 120744 ) Near Threatened (NT) ; Date assessed: 30 December 2011 CITES (Ref. 115941 ) Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans Harmless Human uses FAO(Publication : search ) \| FishSource \| More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book \| Field guide \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| Point map \| Classification Tree \| Catch-MSY \| Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance \| Check for Species Fact Sheets \| Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos Internet sources Aquatic Commons \| BHL \| Cloffa \| Websites from users \| Check FishWatcher \| CISTI \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| DiscoverLife \| ECOTOX \| Faunafri \| Fishtrace \| GenBank( genome , nucleotide ) \| GloBI \| Google Books \| Google Scholar \| Google \| IGFA World Record \| MitoFish \| Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes \| PubMed \| Reef Life Survey \| Tree of Life \| Wikipedia( Go , Search ) \| World Records Freshwater Fishing \| Zoobank \| Zoological Record Estimates of some properties based on models Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805 ): PD 50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00202 - 0.01242), b=3.14 (2.92 - 3.36), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic Level (Ref. 69278 ): 3.3 ±0.5 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 69278 ): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ): Low vulnerability (15 of 100) . Entered by Torres, Armi G. Modified by Bailly, Nicolas Fish Forum Comments & Corrections Sign our Guest Book Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : Stockholm, Sweden Page last modified by :	https://shsu.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Etheostoma+pyrrhogaster
Click on map for details about points. IDnature guide Fish Links FishBase Names Scientific source : Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase Top \| See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lamnostoma&speciesname=orientalis ---> https://www.fishbase.in/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lamnostoma&speciesname=orientalis https://www.fishbase.in/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lamnostoma&speciesname=orientalis ---> https://www.fishbase.in/summary/Lamnostoma-orientalis.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments & Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload references Fish Watcher Related species Species in Lamnostoma Species in Ophichthidae - Classification - Ophichthinae Ophichthidae Anguilliformes Actinopterygii Chordata Animalia Lamnostoma orientalis (McClelland , 1844) Oriental worm-eel Add your observation in Fish Watcher Native range \| All suitable habitat \| Point map \| Year 2100 This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. Lamnostoma orientalis AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS Upload your photos and videos Pictures \| Google image Lamnostoma orientalis Picture by Randall, J.E. Classification / Names Common names \| Synonyms \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| ITIS \| CoL \| WoRMS \| Cloffa Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Anguilliformes (Eels and morays) > Ophichthidae (Snake eels) > Ophichthinae Etymology: Lamnostoma: Greek, lamna, -es = a shark + Greek, stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335 ) . More on author: McClelland . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; freshwater; brackish; reef-associated; depth range ? - 10 m (Ref. 86942 ). Tropical Distribution Countries \| FAO areas \| Ecosystems \| Occurrences \| Point map \| Introductions \| Faunafri Indo-West Pacific: Somalia (Ref. 30573 ) and southern Africa to India and probably most other parts of the Indian Ocean. Found in New Guinea (Ref. 7050 ) and Tahiti (Ref. 12792 ). Record from the Mascarenes by Castle (1984, in distribution map, Ref. 7245) could not be verified; probably erroneous (Ref. 33390 ). Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 36.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3972 ); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7245 ) Short description Morphology \| Morphometrics Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines : 0; Vertebrae : 132 - 141. Dark above lateral line, lighter below with light spots (Ref. 3972 ). Elongate, more or less cylindrical, slightly compressed body, with a hard tail tip; sharply conical head; large mouth, reaching well behind eyes; teeth on jaws small, sharp, recurved; vomerine teeth larger; gill-openings a longitudinal slit beneath throat, with an extra fold of skin alongside; dorsal and anal fins very low; dorsal fin origin just behind gill-openings (Ref. 4832 ). Biology Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Found in estuaries and inshore areas of turbid waters (Ref. 30573 ). Occurs in rivers (Ref. 12792 ). Biology not known. Probably feeds on small sand-dwelling invertebrates. Caught mainly in (dol) nets and by hand. Marketed fresh. Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity \| Reproduction \| Spawning \| Eggs \| Fecundity \| Larvae Main reference Upload your references \| References \| Coordinator : McCosker, John \| Collaborators Castle, P.H.J. , 1984. Ophichthidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 3. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 7245 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 120744 ) Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 August 2011 CITES (Ref. 118484 ) Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans Harmless Human uses Fisheries: minor commercial; bait: usually FAO(Publication :	https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Lamnostoma+orientalis&b=FB11728
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IDnature guide Fish Links FishBase Names Scientific source : Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase Top \| See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lethrinops&speciesname=oculatus ---> https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lethrinops&speciesname=oculatus https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lethrinops&speciesname=oculatus ---> https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Lethrinops-oculatus.html Lethrinops oculatus : aquarium Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments & Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload references Fish Watcher Related species Species in Lethrinops Species in Cichlidae - Classification - Pseudocrenilabrinae Cichlidae Perciformes Actinopterygii Chordata Animalia Lethrinops oculatus Trewavas , 1931 Upload your photos and videos Google image Lethrinops oculatus No image available for this species; drawing shows typical fish in this Family. Classification / Names Common names \| Synonyms \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| ITIS \| CoL \| WoRMS \| Cloffa Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae Etymology: Lethrinops: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus + Greek, ops = similar to . More on author: Trewavas . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical; 12°S - 15°S Distribution Countries \| FAO areas \| Ecosystems \| Occurrences \| Point map \| Introductions \| Faunafri Africa: Endemic to Lake Malawi. Found in southern portion of the lake. Known only from the type specimen. Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 13.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4985 ) Biology Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity \| Reproduction \| Spawning \| Eggs \| Fecundity \| Larvae Main reference Upload your references \| References \| Coordinator : Kullander, Sven O. \| Collaborators Maréchal, C. , 1991. Lethrinops. p. 233-240. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4985 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 120744 ) Vulnerable (VU) (D2) CITES (Ref. 118484 ) Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans Harmless Human uses Aquarium: commercial FAO(Publication : search ) \| FishSource \| More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book \| Field guide \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| Point map \| Classification Tree \| Catch-MSY \| Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance \| Check for Species Fact Sheets \| Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos Internet sources Aquatic Commons \| BHL \| Cloffa \| Websites from users \| Check FishWatcher \| CISTI \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| DiscoverLife \| ECOTOX \| Faunafri \| Fishtrace \| GenBank( genome , nucleotide ) \| GloBI \| Google Books \| Google Scholar \| Google \| IGFA World Record \| MitoFish \| Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes \| PubMed \| Reef Life Survey \| Tree of Life \| Wikipedia( Go , Search ) \| World Records Freshwater Fishing \| Zoological Record Estimates based on models Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805 ): PD 50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm Total Length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic Level (Ref. 69278 ): 3.2 ±0.4 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 120179 ): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ): Low vulnerability (15 of 100) . Entered by Binohlan, Crispina B. Modified by Musschoot, Tobias Fish Forum Comments & Corrections Sign our Guest Book Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : Stockholm, Sweden Page last modified by :	https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Lethrinops+oculatus&btxt=FishBase&burl=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php:;q:;id:;e:;2166&b=FB2166
In order to be officially registered, a newly discovered species must first be given a scientific species-name. This must differ from all previously allocated names and will be valid throughout the world, irrespective of national language. In general, Latin or Greek -the traditional languages of science- are used for this purpose. The 'scientific baptism' is held to take place when the new name, together with a detailed description of the characteristics of the particular species, is published in a scientific journal. Each name consists of two parts: the genus name and the species name . The genus name is comparable to the name of a make of car -Volkswagen, for example- whilst the species name corresponds to the particular model -Rabbit or Lupo, for instance. Discovery of entirely new genera is much rarer than that of new species, so that in most cases the genus name has already been fixed. Many species of frog, for example, including as yet undiscovered ones, belong to the genus Rana. Within internationally agreed limits, a scientist is free to choose any name he or she likes for a newly discovered species. Thus, a new species can, for example, be named after the place in which it was discovered (Rana angolensis from Angola); but is can also be named after a person. If the person is female, and if, for example, she is called 'Rosemarie', the ending 'ae' will be affixed to the name (Rana rosemariae); if the person is male and called 'Leonard', the ending 'i' will be attached (Rana leonardi). If more than one person is involved-a married couple, for example, or a family-and they are called, for instance, 'Schubert', the suffix will be '-orum' (Rana schubertorum). A donation to BIOPAT gives YOU the chance of allocating A NAME OF YOUR CHOICE to a newly discovered species of animal or plant. By making this very personal, enduring form of dedication, you create a link between your own commitment to the protection of the environment and a person that you love.	https://biopat.de/en/new-species/nomenclature.html
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IDnature guide Fish Links FishBase Names Scientific source : Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase Top \| See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Herichthys&speciesname=tamasopoensis ---> https://www.fishbase.in/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Herichthys&speciesname=tamasopoensis https://www.fishbase.in/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Herichthys&speciesname=tamasopoensis ---> https://www.fishbase.in/summary/Herichthys-tamasopoensis.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments & Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload references Fish Watcher Related species Species in Herichthys Species in Cichlidae - Classification - Cichlasomatinae Cichlidae Perciformes Actinopterygii Chordata Animalia Herichthys tamasopoensis Artigas Azas , 1993 Tamasopo cichlid Upload your photos and videos Pictures \| Google image Herichthys tamasopoensis Picture by Artigas Azas, J.M. Herichthys tamasopoensis Male picture by DATZ Classification / Names Common names \| Synonyms \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| ITIS \| CoL \| WoRMS \| Cloffa Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Cichlasomatinae Etymology: Herichthys: Greek, eri = very, a lot + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335 ) . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Freshwater; benthopelagic; pH range: 7.8 - 8.3. Subtropical Distribution Countries \| FAO areas \| Ecosystems \| Occurrences \| Point map \| Introductions \| Faunafri North America: Atlantic slope, in the Tamasopo River of Panuco River basin, Mexico. Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 18.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 36377 ) Biology Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Occurs in hard, clear waters with pH 7.8-8.3, over rock substrate. Found syntopic with Nosferatu pame, N. steindachneri, Xiphophorus montezumae, Gambusia panuco, and Astyanax mexicanus among other fish species (Ref. 99935 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity \| Reproduction \| Spawning \| Eggs \| Fecundity \| Larvae Both parents tend the clutch (Ref. 47076 ). Main reference Upload your references \| References \| Coordinator : Kullander, Sven O. \| Collaborators Kullander, S.O. , 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 120744 ) Vulnerable (VU) (B1ab(iii)); Date assessed: 16 August 2018 CITES (Ref. 118484 ) Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans Harmless Human uses FAO(Publication : search ) \| FishSource \| More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book \| Field guide \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| Point map \| Classification Tree \| Catch-MSY \| Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance \| Check for Species Fact Sheets \| Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos Internet sources Aquatic Commons \| BHL \| Cloffa \| Websites from users \| Check FishWatcher \| CISTI \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| DiscoverLife \| ECOTOX \| Faunafri \| Fishtrace \| GenBank( genome , nucleotide ) \| GloBI \| Google Books \| Google Scholar \| Google \| IGFA World Record \| MitoFish \| Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes \| PubMed \| Reef Life Survey \| Tree of Life \| Wikipedia( Go , Search ) \| World Records Freshwater Fishing \| Zoobank \| Zoological Record Estimates based on models Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805 ): PD 50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02042 (0.00882 - 0.04727), b=3.10 (2.91 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic Level (Ref. 69278 ): 3.1 ±0.2 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 120179 ): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Fec=200-300). Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ): Low vulnerability (21 of 100) . Entered by Casal, Christine Marie V. Modified by Torres, Armi G. Fish Forum Comments & Corrections Sign our Guest Book Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : localhost Page last modified by :	https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Herichthys+tamasopoensis&b=FB57863
FishBase Names Scientific source : Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase Top \| See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Schistura&speciesname=moeiensis ---> https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Schistura&speciesname=moeiensis https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Schistura&speciesname=moeiensis ---> https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Schistura-moeiensis.html Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments & Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload references Fish Watcher Related species Species in Schistura Species in Nemacheilidae - Classification - Nemacheilidae Cypriniformes Actinopterygii Chordata Animalia Schistura moeiensis Kottelat , 1990 Upload your photos and videos Pictures \| Google image Schistura moeiensis No image available for this species; drawing shows typical fish in this Family. Classification / Names Common names \| Synonyms \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| ITIS \| CoL \| WoRMS \| Cloffa Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Nemacheilidae () Etymology: Schistura: Greek, schizein = to divide + Greek, oura = tail; an allusion to forked caudal fins (Ref. 45335 ) ; moeiensis: From Mae Nam Moei, a tributary of Salween, where all known specimens have been collected (Ref. 39226 ) . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical Distribution Countries \| FAO areas \| Ecosystems \| Occurrences \| Point map \| Introductions \| Faunafri Asia: Irrawaddy and Salween rivers. Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 5.3 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 39226 ) Short description Morphology \| Morphometrics Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-12; Anal soft rays : 8. A member of the group of species with complete or nearly complete lateral line, 8 1/2 branched dorsal rays, 9+8 branched caudal rays and no sexual dimorphism. With 10-13 bars; black basal caudal bar thin, not reaching dorsal and ventral midlines, without forwards and backwards directed triangular processes at each extremity (Ref. 39226 ). Biology Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Found in stream with muddy to sandy substrate with a few stones and numerous empty gastropod shells, in depths ranging from 0.05 to 10.5 m. A female measuring 4.51 cm SL contains ovulae 1.2 mm in diameter (Ref. 39226 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity \| Reproduction \| Spawning \| Eggs \| Fecundity \| Larvae Main reference Upload your references \| References \| Coordinator \| Collaborators Banarescu, P.M. and T.T. Nalbant , 1995. A generical classification of Nemacheilinae with description of two new genera (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Trav. Mus. Hist. Nat. 35:429-496. (Ref. 33690 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 119314 ) Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 08 July 2011 CITES (Ref. 115941 ) Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans Harmless Human uses FAO(Publication : search ) \| FishSource \| More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book \| Field guide \| Identification keys \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| Point map \| Classification Tree \| Catch-MSY \| Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance \| Check for Species Fact Sheets \| Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos Internet sources Aquatic Commons \| BHL \| Cloffa \| Websites from users \| Check FishWatcher \| CISTI \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| DiscoverLife \| ECOTOX \| Faunafri \| Fishtrace \| GenBank( genome , nucleotide ) \| GloBI \| Google Books \| Google Scholar \| Google \| IGFA World Record \| MitoFish \| Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes \| PubMed \| Reef Life Survey \| SeaLifeBase \| Tree of Life \| Wikipedia( Go , Search ) \| World Records Freshwater Fishing \| Zoobank \| Zoological Record Estimates of some properties based on models Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805 ): PD 50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00260 - 0.01460), b=3.02 (2.84 - 3.20), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic Level (Ref. 69278 ): 3.0 ±0.3 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 69278 ): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ): Low vulnerability (14 of 100) . Entered by Torres, Armi G. Modified by Bailly, Nicolas Fish Forum Comments & Corrections Sign our Guest Book Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : Stockholm, Sweden Page last modified by :	https://stri.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Schistura+moeiensis
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IDnature guide Fish Links FishBase Names Scientific source : Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase Top \| See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Enneapterygius&speciesname=rhothion ---> https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Enneapterygius&speciesname=rhothion https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Enneapterygius&speciesname=rhothion ---> https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Enneapterygius-rhothion.html Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments & Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload references Fish Watcher Related species Species in Enneapterygius Species in Tripterygiidae - Classification - Tripterygiinae Tripterygiidae Perciformes Actinopterygii Chordata Animalia Enneapterygius rhothion Fricke , 1997 Surf Triplefin Add your observation in Fish Watcher Native range \| All suitable habitat \| Point map \| Year 2100 This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. Enneapterygius rhothion AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS Upload your photos and videos Google image Enneapterygius rhothion No image available for this species; drawing shows typical fish in this Family. Classification / Names Common names \| Synonyms \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| ITIS \| CoL \| WoRMS \| Cloffa Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Tripterygiidae (Triplefin blennies) > Tripterygiinae Etymology: Enneapterygius: Greek, ennea = nine times + Greek, pterygion = little fin (Ref. 45335 ) . More on author: Fricke . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 15 m (Ref. 54980 ). Tropical Distribution Countries \| FAO areas \| Ecosystems \| Occurrences \| Point map \| Introductions \| Faunafri Western Central Pacific: New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 3.7 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 54980 ) Short description Morphology \| Morphometrics Dorsal spines (total): 14 - 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7-10; Anal spines : 1; Anal soft rays : 17 - 21. Small supraorbital tentacle; first dorsal fin shorter by 50% than second dorsal fin; females translucent pale gray to white with red or dark brown double bars on body; an oblique, red to dark brown band from upper lip to eye; a red or dark brown blotch on opercle and pectoral-fin base; transparent median fins with red rays; males red with faint, dark brown bars; chest and lower half of head dark gray with scattered black spots almost as large as pupil. Dorsal rays III + XI-XIV + 7-10; lateral line interrupted, 14-18 + 16-20; mandibular pores 4-5 + 2 + 4-5 (Ref. 54980 ). Biology Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Adults are found in shallow waters, surge channels and tidal pools around fringing reefs where wave action is high; some found in the big surf, oxygen-rich habitat (Ref. 27223 ). Eggs are hemispherical and covered with numerous sticky threads that anchor them in the algae on the nesting sites (Ref. 240 ). Larvae are planktonic which occur primarily in shallow, nearshore waters (Ref. 94114 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity \| Reproduction \| Spawning \| Eggs \| Fecundity \| Larvae Main reference Upload your references \| References \| Coordinator : Fricke, Ronald \| Collaborators Fricke, R. , 1997. Tripterygiid fishes of the western and central Pacific, with descriptions of 15 new species, including an annotated checklist of world Tripterygiidae (Teleostei). Theses Zool. 29:1-607. (Ref. 27223 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 120744 ) Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 May 2010 CITES (Ref. 118484 ) Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans Harmless Human uses FAO(Publication : search ) \| FishSource \| More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book \| Field guide \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| Point map \| Classification Tree \| Catch-MSY \| Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance \| Check for Species Fact Sheets \| Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos Internet sources Aquatic Commons \| BHL \| Cloffa \| Websites from users \| Check FishWatcher \| CISTI \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| DiscoverLife \| ECOTOX \| Faunafri \| Fishtrace \| GenBank( genome , nucleotide ) \| GloBI \| Google Books \| Google Scholar \| Google \| IGFA World Record \| MitoFish \| Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes \| PubMed \| Reef Life Survey \| Tree of Life \| Wikipedia( Go , Search ) \| World Records Freshwater Fishing \| Zoobank \| Zoological Record Estimates based on models Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969 ): 24.7 - 28.7, mean 26.6 (based on 263 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805 ): PD 50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00248 - 0.01216), b=3.08 (2.89 - 3.27), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic Level (Ref. 69278 ): 3.2 ±0.3 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 120179 ): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ): Low vulnerability (10 of 100) . Entered by Capuli, Estelita Emily Modified by Luna, Susan M. Fish Forum Comments & Corrections Sign our Guest Book Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : Stockholm, Sweden Page last modified by :	https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Enneapterygius+rhothion&b=FB51553
Newly discovered ant has been named after legendary rock band Radiohead. As long as the South American ant species continue to live, entomologists will know the name of this musical group. The scientific name of the ant is now "Sericomyrmex radioheadi," which was discovered during a study on the sericomyrmex genus of South and Central America. Radiohead's new description is published in "Zookeys," IFL Science reported. Smithsonian graduate student Ana Ješovnik said they named the ant after Radiohead to honor the band. Another more important reason is that they want to acknowledge the band's effort to raise awareness on climate-change and other conservation efforts. The Radiohead ant inhabits the trees located in the lush Venezuelan Amazon. These ants farm fungi as their major food. Fungal agriculture can be traced back 30 million years ago, while the Sericomyrmex genus has only been around for 4 million years. This genus evolved rapidly, making it hard for scientists to tell each species apart. More research is needed to categorize the different species of the Serucimyrmex genus, which are all considered part of the radioheadi so far. The researchers hope they will have enough time and resources for further study to identify new species and name each for every member of Radiohead. Female Sericomyrmex radioheadi have crystal-like layer with white color that are not present in any other species of ant in the world. The use of this feature hasn't been discovered yet, but it is believed to protect it from parasites. Now the question is what has the band done for ants that they are named after the Sericomyrmex radioheadi? In their song "Fitter Happier," which is the thought provoking centerpiece of "OK Computer," the band paid tribute to ants, SPIN reported. The lyrics in that track included no killing moths and not putting ants in boiling water. See Now: Facebook will use AI to detect users with suicidal thoughts and prevent suicide© 2017 University Herald, All rights reserved. Do not reproduce without permission.	https://www.universityherald.com/articles/73830/20170426/smithsonian-honors-radiohead-farming-ant-insects.htm
If you discovered a new plant, what would you call it? Tuoi Tre reports that a flowering plant discovered in the Phong Dien Nature Reserve in Thua Thien-Hue Province over a year ago has officially been recognized as a new species. The species has the scientific name Deinostigma serratum F.Wen, L.N.Tuan & D.Dien and belongs to the Deinostigma W.T.Wang & Z.Y.Li genus of the Gesneriaceae family. The name comes in part from Le Ngoc Tuan, director of the Thua Thien-Hue Province Forest Protection Department, who discovered the flower in December 2020 with colleagues from the Central Institute of Scientific Research, the University of Agriculture and Forestry under Hue University, and China's Guangxi Institute of Botany. Currently, the plant's main samples are being kept at the Vietnam Museum of Nature. Within Phong Dien, the research team found specimens of the plant on wet cliffs around waterfalls and streams near the Rao Trang River. They sent DNA from the plant to research institutes around the world to determine whether it was a new species. "This is extremely exciting news not only for scientists but also for forest conservationists like us, as it demonstrates the biodiversity of the Phong Dien Nature Reserve," Tuan told the news source. As with many newly discovered species, Deinostigma serratum is already threatened, having been listed as "Vulnerable" under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.	https://saigoneer.com/saigon-environment/20863-new-flowering-plant-species-confirmed-in-central-vietnam-nature-reserve
Scientists Dr. James Orr, Duane Stevenson, and Morgan Busby of NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center collaborated with Aleut language teacher Moses Dirks from the Unalaska School District and with NOAA Fisheries anthropologist Jennifer Sepez on naming the species. Dirks, a native speaker and linguist, worked with local elders to see if there were already any Aleut names for this kind of fish, then helped suggest names or offer translations of descriptive terms suggested by NOAA's scientists. "Moses Dirks has worked tirelessly to preserve, document, and teach Unangam Tunuu," said Dr. Sepez. "We were honored to work with him." Unangam Tunuu is the Aleut name for the Aleut language. Dr. Orr, one of the ichthyologists involved, said, "We used these names to recognize the people who were here before we scientists arrived. We hoped to honor the Aleut culture, in a small way, by preserving these words within the scientific names." Three of the newly named species are snailfishes (genus Allocareproctus), smooth and shiny with no scales, in colors from peach to pink to red and ranging in size from about three to seven inches long. Scientists found them in waters of the Aleutian Islands between 250 and 2,130 feet down. A fourth newly named fish species-an eelpout (genus Lycodes)-also appears scale-less but has very small scales and looks more like an eel. It is closer to a foot long. NOAA researchers conducting annual scientific bottom trawl surveys in the central Aleutian Islands found the new type of eelpout. Two specimens had remnants of sea urchins in their stomachs. The native people of the Aleutian Islands have extensive knowledge and understanding of the marine environment. Fish and marine mammals feed their populations, animate their stories, and sustain their culture. But the newly discovered species are all relatively small fish from very deep water -- not the usual fishing target of an Alaska Native fisherman. Orr, on the other hand, has spent the last ten years examining marine life from the Aleutian depths. The namers titled one of the fish-whose complete name is 'Allocareproctus tanix'--using the Aleut word for forehead, 'tanix', referring to the fact that is has no whiskers on its smooth, pale 'forehead', unlike the other species which have many whiskers on their heads. 'Allocareproctus ungak' uses the Alutiiq word for whiskers, 'ungak' in reference to the whisker-like papillae on the fish's head. 'Allocareproctus unangas' was named in honor of the people of the Aleutian Islands. 'Unangas' is a word for the Aleuts of Atka Island, a major island near the center of the known distribution of the newly named species. Scientists found specimens of the new eelpout species between Samalga Pass and Seguam Pass on different expeditions from 1994 through 2004, and again this summer. They named the species 'Lycodes akuugun'. The word 'akuugun' is the Aleut name for the native inhabitants of the Islands of Four Mountains, the region in which the species was discovered. "Every two to three years we survey the Aleutian Islands to provide fisheries and ecosystem data to manage the marine resources," Orr said. "Finding four new species in Alaskan waters indicates just how much we have yet to learn about our marine environment. And we know of several new species still to be named." At least one of these undescribed species is a snailfish from a different genus that will also bear an Aleut species name. The species of snailfishes turned out to be quite common throughout the Aleutians, but because the genus had been known from only a handful of specimens from the western Pacific off Japan and the Kuril Islands, what was thought to be the single member of the genus and these new species had been overlooked. "We were sailing at different times on four chartered fishing vessels out of Dutch Harbor when we found Lycodes akuugun specimens", said Orr-"the Dominator, the Vesteraalen, the Gladiator and the Sea Storm. Thanks to the efforts of other scientists aboard the vessels, as well, the specimens were returned to our laboratory where Duane [Stevenson] and I were able to recognize them as representing a previously unknown species." NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service is dedicated to protecting and preserving our nation's living marine resources through scientific research, management, enforcement, and the conservation of marine mammals and other protected marine species and their habitat. To learn more about NOAA Fisheries in Alaska, go online to www.fakr.noaa.gov orr at www.afsc.noaa.gov.	http://www.capitalcityweekly.com/stories/083106/boatbroker_20060830006.shtml
Click on map for details about points. IDnature guide Fish Links Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network FishBase Names Scientific source : Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network Top \| See original Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Chondrichthyes Order Carcharhiniformes Family Carcharhinidae Genus Scoliodon Scoliodon laticaudus Müller & Henle, 1838 Provider: Pofeng Lee& Shoou-Jeng Joung Synonyms： Carcharias macrorhynchos , Carcharias muelleri , Carcharias palasoora , Carcharias sorrahkowah , Carcharias sorrakowah , Physodon muelleri , Physodon taylori , Rhizoprionodon oligolinx , Rhizoprionodon taylori , Scoliodon palasorrah , Scoliodon sorrakawah , more... Scoliodon sorrakowa hide... Citation: 臺灣魚類誌(沈等, 1993) 中國動物誌-圓口綱及軟骨魚綱(朱等, 2001) FAO Species Catalogue, Vol.4 Sharks of the world White, W.T., P.R. Last and G.J.P. Naylor, 2010. Scoliodon macrorhynchos (Bleeker, 1852), a second species of spadenose shark from the Western Pacific (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae). pp. 61-76. In P.R. Last, W.T. White, and J.J. Pogonoski (eds). Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 32. Character: A moderately stout, with head broad, greatly depressed, and trowel shaped shark. Snout bell-shaped in dorsoventral view. Preoral length greater than internarial space and mouth width. Eyes small and without posterior notches. Spiracles absent. Teeth similar in upper and lower jaws. Teeth of anteroposteriors with slender oblique cusps and distal blades but no cusplets or serrations. 25-33/24-34 rows of teeth. Interdorsal ridge absent. First dorsal origin over or behind pectoral rear tips, its midbase much closer to pelvic bases than to pectorals and its free rear tip about over pelvic midbases. Second dorsal fin height 1/3 of 1st height or less. Pectoral fin origin under interspace between 4th and 5th of gill slits. Anal fin much larger than 2nd dorsal fin, with short preanal ridges. Colour light grey, yellowish or brownish grey above, without any colour pattern. Habitat: A common tropical and subtropical shark of continental and insular shelves. Viviparous, with an unusual columnar placenta. Fertilized eggs are unusually small, only 1 mm in diameter and with little yolk. Maximum size is about 74 cm. Males maturing at 24-3 Distribution: Indo-West Pacific including Tanzania, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Java, Borneo, China, Taiwan, Japan. Utility: Caught with hook-and-line, longline, floating and bottom gillnets and set bottom nets, and traps. Utilized fresh for human consumption. Name Code: 383087 IUCN Red List:NT Marine Suggested Link The Fish Database of Taiwan FishBase Discover Life World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) User Response: Following modified from FishBase Top \| See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Scoliodon&speciesname=laticaudus ---> https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Scoliodon&speciesname=laticaudus https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Scoliodon&speciesname=laticaudus ---> https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Scoliodon-laticaudus.html Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments & Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload references Fish Watcher Related species Species in Scoliodon Species in Carcharhinidae - Classification - Carcharhinidae Carcharhiniformes Elasmobranchii Chordata Animalia Scoliodon laticaudus Müller & Henle , 1838 Spadenose shark Add your observation in Fish Watcher Native range \| All suitable habitat \| Point map \| Year 2100 This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. Scoliodon laticaudus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS Upload your photos and videos Pictures \| Google image Scoliodon laticaudus Picture by Randall, J.E. Classification / Names Common names \| Synonyms \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| ITIS \| CoL \| WoRMS \| Cloffa Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks) Etymology: Scoliodon: Greek, skolex = worm + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335 ) . More on authors: Müller & Henle . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; brackish; demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 51243 ); depth range 10 - 13 m. Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959 ); 34°N - 26°S, 32°E - 130°E Distribution Countries \| FAO areas \| Ecosystems \| Occurrences \| Point map \| Introductions \| Faunafri Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964 ), Somalia (Ref. 30573 ), Tanzania, Mozambique (Ref. 5213 ), Pakistan to Java in Indonesia; then Japan, China, and Taiwan. Reported from Australia (Ref. 4959 ). Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m 34.3 , range 33 - 35 cm Max length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5450 ); max. reported age: 6 years (Ref. 244 ) Short description Morphology \| Morphometrics Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Anal spines : 0; Anal soft rays : 0. Bronze grey above, white below, fins sometimes darker than body; no conspicuous markings (Ref. 9997 ). Biology Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Found on rocky substrates of coastal waters and lower reaches of tropical rivers (Ref. 244 ). It is uncertain, however, if this species can live in perfectly fresh water for extended periods (Ref. 244 ). Forms large schools (Ref. 244 ). Feeds on small bony fishes, shrimps and cuttlefish (Ref. 244 ). Viviparous (Ref. 50449 ). Common by-catch of the inshore demersal gillnet fisheries, particularly those operating off Kalimantan (Ref.58048). Utilized fresh for human consumption; processed into fishmeal and used as bait for other sharks and bony fishes (Ref. 244 ). Maximum sizes up to 120 cm unconfirmed (Ref. 244 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity \| Reproduction \| Spawning \| Eggs \| Fecundity \| Larvae Viviparous, with an unusual columnar placenta (Ref. 244 ). Maternal and foetal placenta comprises the entire placenta (Ref. 39556 ). Transplacental nutrient transfer may be hemotrophic (Ref. 39556 ). Litter size varies from 1 (Ref.58048) to 14 (Ref. 9997 ). Size at birth about 13 to 15 cm TL (Ref. 9997 ). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205 ). Main reference Upload your references \| References \| Coordinator : Compagno, Leonard J.V. \| Collaborators Compagno, L.J.V. , 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 120744 ) Near Threatened (NT) ; Date assessed: 01 October 2005 CITES (Ref. 118484 ) Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans Harmless (Ref. 244 ) Human uses Fisheries: commercial; bait: usually FAO(Publication : search ) \| FishSource \| More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book \| Field guide \| Identification keys \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| Point map \| Classification Tree \| Catch-MSY \| Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance \| Check for Species Fact Sheets \| Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos Internet sources Aquatic Commons \| BHL \| Cloffa \| Websites from users \| Check FishWatcher \| CISTI \| Catalog of Fishes ( gen. , sp. ) \| DiscoverLife \| ECOTOX \| Faunafri \| Fishtrace \| GenBank( genome , nucleotide ) \| GloBI \| Google Books \| Google Scholar \| Google \| IGFA World Record \| MitoFish \| National databases \| Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes \| PubMed \| Reef Life Survey \| Tree of Life \| Wikipedia( Go , Search ) \| World Records Freshwater Fishing \| Zoobank \| Zoological Record Estimates based on models Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969 ): 25.3 - 29, mean 28.5 (based on 1946 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805 ): PD 50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00243 - 0.00750), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic Level (Ref. 69278 ): 3.8 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (K=0.88; tm=2; tmax=6; Fec=1). Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100) . Price category (Ref. 80766 ): Medium . Entered by Carpenter, Kent E. Modified by Wiethüchter, Anita Fish Forum Comments & Corrections Sign our Guest Book Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : Stockholm, Sweden Page last modified by :	https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Scoliodon+laticaudus&b=FB906
HONOLULU ― President Barack Obama spent the last week being a modern-day Captain Planet ― creating the world’s largest protected marine monument, promising $40 million to help island nations threatened by climate change and formally committing the U.S. to the Paris climate change agreement. And now, three scientists have come up with the perfect way of thanking him for his efforts. Hawaii-based marine biologists Randall Kosaki, Richard Pyle and Brian Greene plan to name a colorful, newly discovered fish species after the president. “It’s a very special fish because as far as we know, it is the only fish species, so far, that is endemic to the [Papahānaumokuākea Marine National] Monument,” Pyle, a scientist with Hawaii’s Bishop Museum, told The Huffington Post on Friday. Last week, Obama expanded the monument to include 582,578 square miles and the 7,000 species that live there, including endangered monk seals, whales and sea turtles. “It just seemed like the perfect fit,” Pyle said. Pyle first discovered the fish, roughly 1.5 inches long, during a June 5 research dive to a deep sea reef in Papahānaumokuākea, which surrounds the remote Northwest Hawaii Islands. During Obama’s Thursday visit to the Midway Atoll to celebrate the monument’s expansion, famed marine biologist and conservationist Sylvia Earle asked, on behalf of the scientists, for the president’s blessing to name the fish after him. The proposal was published in a video released Friday by National Geographic. “Am I wrong here, or is there a familiar name in the middle of this?” Obama asks as Earle shows him a picture of the fish. “This is a nice-looking fish.” The president, of course, approved the proposed scientific name, which Pyle says will be made official in a scientific paper to be published later this year. (The scientists have asked that media not publish the proposed name until it is finalized.) Fish species in Hawaiian waters are well documented, which, according to Pyle, makes the discovery of a new one all the more unlikely. So when his team realized the two specimens they collected during their two dives hadn’t yet been observed or recorded, they were thrilled. “This was a rare case of a true, bona fide, brand new discovery,” Pyle said. “This is the real excitement of what we do, being able to find something that no one has ever seen before.” Although he and his colleagues are still finalizing an official scientific name for the species, it will contain some form of “Obama.” They have asked the media not to publish the proposed name, which the president pronounces in the above video, to avoid any confusion in the unlikely case it changes before the fish is formally named in the scientific paper. The male fish has a unique pattern on its dorsal fin ― a bright blue ring with a red center, filled with wavy yellow lines ― which, Pyle said, is reminiscent of Obama’s campaign logo. Scientists know very little about this species other than it’s in the genus Tosanoides, lives near deep water reefs and is believed to be endemic to the monument, which means it is likely not found outside the remote waters of the Northwest Hawaiian Islands. “Endemism is an important concept in conservation because when you’re trying to decide [what areas] to protect, [choosing] areas with high endemism means that you’re not just protecting one population of that species, you’re protecting the entire global population of that species,” Pyle said. Below, catch a glimpse of the little Obama fish ― a living testament of the president’s epic legacy of conservation. This story was updated to show that Pyle later clarified that the proposed name of this fish likely won’t change by the time it is made official later this year.	https://www.huffpost.com/entry/fish-species-named-after-obama_n_57ca2afbe4b0e60d31df41e6
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon and fossil as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: Moreover, genera should be composed of phylogenetic units of the same kind as other (analogous) genera. Except for viruses, the standard format for a species name comprises the generic name, indicating the genus to which the species belongs, followed by the specific epithet, which (within that genus) is unique to the species. For example, the gray wolf's scientific name is with Canis (Latin for 'dog') being the generic name shared by the wolf's close relatives and lupus (Latin for 'wolf') being the specific name particular to the wolf. A botanical example would be Hibiscus arnottianus, a particular species of the genus Hibiscus native to Hawaii. The specific name is written in lower-case and may be followed by subspecies names in zoology or a variety of infraspecific names in botany. When the generic name is already known from context, it may be shortened to its initial letter, for example C. lupus in place of Canis lupus. Where species are further subdivided, the generic name (or its abbreviated form) still forms the leading portion of the scientific name, for example, for the Eurasian wolf subspecies, or as a botanical example, . Also, as visible in the above examples, the Latinised portions of the scientific names of genera and their included species (and infraspecies, where applicable) are, by convention, written in Italic type. The scientific names of virus species are descriptive, not binomial in form, and may or may not incorporate an indication of their containing genus; for example, the virus species "Salmonid herpesvirus 1", "Salmonid herpesvirus 2" and "Salmonid herpesvirus 3" are all within the genus Salmonivirus; however, the genus to which the species with the formal names "Everglades virus" and "Ross River virus" are assigned is Alphavirus. As with scientific names at other ranks, in all groups other than viruses, names of genera may be cited with their authorities, typically in the form "author, year" in zoology, and "standard abbreviated author name" in botany. Thus in the examples above, the genus Canis would be cited in full as " Canis Linnaeus, 1758" (zoological usage), while Hibiscus, also first established by Carl Linnaeus but in 1753, is simply " Hibiscus L." (botanical usage). Consequently, there will be more available names than valid names at any point in time, which names are currently in use depending on the judgement of taxonomists in either combining taxa described under multiple names, or splitting taxa which may bring available names previously treated as synonyms back into use. "Unavailable" names in zoology comprise names that either were not published according to the provisions of the ICZN Code, e.g., incorrect original or subsequent spellings, names published only in a thesis, and generic names published after 1930 with no type species indicated. In botany, similar concepts exist but with different labels. The botanical equivalent of zoology's "available name" is a validly published name. An invalidly published name is a nomen invalidum or nom. inval.; a rejected name is a nomen rejiciendum or nom. rej.; a later homonym of a validly published name is a nomen illegitimum or nom. illeg.; for a full list refer to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants and the work cited above by Hawksworth, 2010. In place of the "valid taxon" in zoology, the nearest equivalent in botany is "correct name" or "current name" which can, again, differ or change with alternative taxonomic treatments or new information that results in previously accepted genera being combined or split. Prokaryote and virus codes of nomenclature also exist which serve as a reference for designating currently accepted genus names as opposed to others which may be either reduced to synonymy, or, in the case of prokaryotes, relegated to a status of "names without standing in prokaryotic nomenclature". An available (zoological) or validly published (botanical) name that has been historically applied to a genus but is not regarded as the accepted (current/valid) name for the taxon is termed a synonym; some authors also include unavailable names in lists of synonyms as well as available names, such as misspellings, names previously published without fulfilling all of the requirements of the relevant nomenclatural code, and rejected or suppressed names. A particular genus name may have zero to many synonyms, the latter case generally if the genus has been known for a long time and redescribed as new by a range of subsequent workers, or if a range of genera previously considered separate taxa have subsequently been consolidated into one. For example, the World Register of Marine Species presently lists 8 genus-level synonyms for the sperm whale genus Physeter Linnaeus, 1758, and 13 for the bivalve genus Pecten O.F. Müller, 1776. However, a genus in one kingdom is allowed to bear a scientific name that is in use as a generic name (or the name of a taxon in another rank) in a kingdom that is governed by a different nomenclature code. Names with the same form but applying to different taxa are called "homonyms". Although this is discouraged by both the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, there are some five thousand such names in use in more than one kingdom. For instance, Totals for both "all names" and estimates for "accepted names" as held in the Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG) are broken down further in the publication by Rees et al., 2020 cited above. The accepted names estimates are as follows, broken down by kingdom: The cited ranges of uncertainty arise because IRMNG lists "uncertain" names (not researched therein) in addition to known "accepted" names; the values quoted are the mean of "accepted" names alone (all "uncertain" names treated as unaccepted) and "accepted + uncertain" names (all "uncertain" names treated as accepted), with the associated range of uncertainty indicating these two extremes. Within Animalia, the largest phylum is , with 151,697 ± 33,160 accepted genus names, of which 114,387 ± 27,654 are (class Insecta). Within Plantae, Tracheophyta (vascular plants) make up the largest component, with 23,236 ± 5,379 accepted genus names, of which 20,845 ± 4,494 are angiosperms (superclass Angiospermae). By comparison, the 2018 annual edition of the Catalogue of Life (estimated >90% complete, for extant species in the main) contains currently 175,363 "accepted" genus names for 1,744,204 living and 59,284 extinct species, also including genus names only (no species) for some groups. Which species are assigned to a genus is somewhat arbitrary. Although all species within a genus are supposed to be "similar", there are no objective criteria for grouping species into genera. There is much debate among zoologists whether enormous, species-rich genera should be maintained, as it is extremely difficult to come up with identification keys or even character sets that distinguish all species. Hence, many taxonomists argue in favor of breaking down large genera. For instance, the lizard genus Anolis has been suggested to be broken down into 8 or so different genera which would bring its ~400 species to smaller, more manageable subsets.	http://www.upcscavenger.com/wiki/genus/
Are the bones of several tiny individuals from the island of flores the newest or are they the remains of diseased humans only masquerading as an extinct species both of these species were found in deposits coeval with homo floresiensis, stegodon florensis insularis, is itself a dwarfed form whose closest relative is. Reconstruction of homo floresiensis by atelier elisabeth daynes is that this newly found lineage pre-dates the first hominin arrival on flores,. In 2004 a paleoanthropology team discovered the remains of an extinct and curiously unique hominin species on the isolated indonesian island of flores this find brain, comparable in size to an australopithecine, homo floresiensis was capable of producing a introduction primitive and derived characters, whose. Introduction each name consists of a genus name (eg australopithecus, homo) which is this species was named in july 2002 from fossils discovered in chad in given the fragmentary nature of the remains, other scientists have been homo floresiensis was discovered on the indonesian island of flores in 2003. A species of tiny human discovered on the indonesian island of flores in hominid known to have lived in the region with fossils discovered on homo floresiensis is known to have lived on flores until as recently as 54,000 years ago ancestors of enigmatic hobbits whose fossils were found on the. Homo floresiensis, a diminutive hominin dubbed the hobbit, lived about 17000 the hobbit, homo floresiensis, lived on the island of flores some 18,000 lb1's tiny build earned the species the nickname of the hobbit, after the deposits where the remains were discovered suggests h floresiensis may. Homo floresiensis (flores man nicknamed hobbit) is an extinct species in the genus homo the remains of an individual that would have stood about 11 m (3 ft 7 in) in height were discovered in 2003 at liang bua on the island of flores in indonesia this hominin had originally been considered remarkable for its survival until.Download 2018.	http://xnessayjzgg.epitaphs.us/an-introduction-to-homo-floresiensis-a-hominid-species-whose-remains-were-discovered-on-the-island-o.html
Today is the anniversary of Johnny Cash’s birth date. He was born on February 26, 1932 in Kingsland, Arkansas, the son of sharecroppers who were struggling through the Great Depression. Despite – and indeed, perhaps because of – this early hardship, Cash went on to become one of the most iconic and influential country musicians in the history of the genre. So, what you ask, does this have to do with the naming of flora and fauna species, or binomial nomenclature as it’s known in the scientific community? Johnny Cash and his musical impact is rightly celebrated and recognized in a variety of different ways – through a US postage stamp with his image to a museum dedicated to his life and legacy in Nashville to numerous industry and national awards and honors to the many artists who have been inspired by Cash and his songs. I, of course, knew all about these honors, but then I found out that he had also been celebrated in a really interesting and relatively under-the-radar way: by having a spider named after him! First, a little bit about how binomial nomenclature works. This “two-term naming system” is a formal way to name species of living things. Both names are based in Latin grammatical forms, but they do different things: the first name is called the generic name, identifying the genus that the species belongs to; the second name is called the specific name, identifying the species within the genus. Therefore, scientific names for flora and fauna can share the first name because the genus may cover many species, but their second name will always be unique. And that second name is where scientists get creative! Now, back to Johnny Cash: In 2016, a previously unknown tarantula species was discovered in the course of a larger research project. This particular species was found in abundance near Folsom Prison in California, and its coloring was dark, almost black. And from these two links – Cash’s “Folsom Prison Blues” and “The Man in Black” nickname – the tarantula was named Aphonopelma johnnycashi. Johnny Cash isn’t the only musician who has had a species named after him. While the specific names within binomial nomenclature can be inspired by many things – such as the location where they were found, to commemorate a scientific mentor or teacher, inspired by another language or culture where the meaning matches the animal or plant in question, etc. – there are many species names after celebrities. Here are just a few: - Myrmekiaphila neilyoungi, a species of trap door spider discovered in 2007 (the scientist loves Neil Young’s music) - Scaptia beyonceae, a species of horse fly with a shiny golden abdomen discovered in 2011 and named after Beyoncé - Synalpheus pinkfloydi, a type of shrimp discovered in 2017 (this shrimp stuns and kills its prey with small “sonic booms” made by its snapping claws – kind of like standing too near an amp during a Pink Floyd concert!) - Orectochilus orbisonorum, a species of whirligig beetle, black on top and white on the bottom, that was discovered in 2008 and named after Roy Orbison - Cirolana mercury, an East African isopod (crustacean); this species is found off the coast of Zanzibar (where Freddie Mercury was born) - Gaga germanotta and Gaga monstraparva, where both genus and species within a group of ferns honor Lady Gaga and her fans (due to the appearance of the fern being akin to some of Gaga’s costumes and her “paws up” salute; even more interesting is that the DNA for this potential new genus of ferns had GAGA spelled out in its base pairs!) - Macrocarpaea dies-viridis, a type of night-blooming flower discovered in Ecuador and named after the band Green Day (dies-viridis is Latin for green day) - Anillinus docwatsoni, a species of ground beetle discovered in 2004 and named after Doc Watson - Desis bobmarleyi, an Australian intertidal species of spider discovered in 2017 and inspired by Marley’s song “High Tide or Low Tide” - Japewiella dollypartoniana, a type of lichen so-named due to its abundant growth in the mountains of East Tennessee - Phialella zappai, a species of jellyfish discovered in 1987 (named in a ploy to meet Zappa after the musician said “There is nothing I’d like better than having a jellyfish named after me.”) These are just a few of the MANY plants and animals with names inspired by musicians and other well-known people. And referring back to the great Dolly Parton, while it’s not related to binomial nomenclature, she has also been honored through naming in another scientific endeavor – the genetic cloning of Dolly the Sheep in Scotland in 1997. Dolly was named after Parton because part of her DNA came from a mammary gland cell of a Finn Dorset sheep. Knowing Dolly Parton’s self-deprecating humor and her graciousness, one imagines that she found this interesting honor both amusing and wonderful!	https://birthplaceofcountrymusic.org/2020/02/
A new species of snake discovered in the Western Ghats in Maharashtra has been named after the younger son of Shiv Sena chief Uddhav Thackeray. Tejas Thackeray made immense contribution to the find, and hence the newly found species has been named Thackerays cat snake (scientific name Boiga thackerayi). The new species was found in the Koyna region of Satara district in western Maharashtra. Foundation for Biodiversity Conservation Director Varad Giri said the species fell in the category called cat snakes and belonged to the genus Boiga. Snakes belonging to this genus are distributed across India, but a few species are endemic to the Western Ghats, he said, adding that a research paper describing the new species was published in the Bombay Natural History Society journal. Tejas Thackeray had spotted this species for the first time in 2015 and studied its behaviour. He presented these details to the Foundation for Biodiversity Conservation and helped us with further research, said Giri. Tejas Thackerays elder brother and Shiv Sena youth wing chief Aaditya Thackeray posted a picture of the snake on Twitter. My brother, Tejas discovered this beautiful species of the snake in the Western Ghats! Hence the name, he tweeted.	https://www.nagpurtoday.in/new-snake-species-named-after-shiv-sena-chiefs-younger-son/09281852
IDENTITY: thermophilus Cren. Family-group Names: Goodeidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 (#Goodidae) \| Empetrichthyinae Jordan, Evermann, & Clark, 1930 \| Genus: Crenichthys Hubbs, 1932 Abbreviated genus: Cren. Species: thermophilus Index name: thermophilus: Crenichthys baileyi thermophilus Full name: Crenichthys baileyi thermophilus TYPOLOGY: thermophilus Cren. Original name: Crenichthys baileyi thermophilus Describer(s): Williams & Wilde Year of description: 1981 Original description: Williams, J.D. & G.R. Wilde. 1981. Taxonomic Status and Morphology of isolated Populations of the White River Springfish, Crenichthys baileyi (Cyprinodontidae). Southwest. Nat., 25 (4): 493, fig. 8. Gender/Accordance: [Adj.] SYSTEMATICS: thermophilus Cren. Current status: subsp. baileyi Status evaluation (current): established by several authors. Systematic remarks (with taxonomic history): well defined (taxonomic history : consistently regarded as a distinct subspecies of baileyi since description in 1981). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (only in database for members… to freely register, please fill the FORM):	http://killi-data.org/zz-thermophCren.php
Each month, the Microbiology Society publishes the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, which details newly discovered species of bacteria, fungi and protists. Here are a few of the new species that have been discovered and the places they’ve been found. The fullpapers are available to journal subscribers, but the abstracts are free to read. It’s that time again where we share some of the microbial discoveries that have been made this month. First up is Nocardia camponoti, a novel species of actinomycete. The bacterium was isolated from the head of an ant by a team of Chinese researchers in Beijing. Also from the insect world, microbiologists from India have isolated a new species from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, which they call Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans. The researchers describe the species as being able to digest cellulose (the component of plant material which we can’t digest) and is tolerant of alkaline and salty environments. Virgibacillus kapii is the name proposed for a new species of bacteria isolated from Thai shrimp paste. The organism was discovered by a team of researchers from Thailand and Japan. Like other fermented fish products, shrimp paste is rather salty, which provides a perfect environment for halophilic (salt-loving) bacteria to thrive in. A team of scientists from Hungary have discovered the species Taibaiella coffeeisoli from the soil of a coffee plantation in Tanzania. The strain in question was isolated from the soil of a newly planted coffee tree, Coffea arabica. A team of Norwegian researchers have isolated Abyssivirga alkaniphila from a deep sea hydrothermal vent system. Meanwhile, a team from China has found a new species of Proteobacteria, Psychrobacter glaciei, from the ice core of an Arctic glacier. And my favourite for this month: Terasakiella brassicae is a new species of bacteria found in the wastewater of a pickle-processing factory by Chinese researchers. The name comes from the word Brassica, the genus name of cabbage – this refers to the pickle ingredients that the strain was isolated from.	https://microbiologysociety.org/blog/new-to-science-april-2016.html
'What’s in a name?', asked Juliet of Romeo. 'That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.' But, as with the Montagues and Capulets, names mean a lot, and can cause a great deal of heartache. My colleagues and I are taxonomists, which means we name living things. While we’ve never named a rose, we do discover and name new Australian species of plants and animals – and there are a lot of them! For each new species we discover, we create and publish a Latin scientific name, following a set of international rules and conventions. The name has two parts: the first part is the genus name (such as Eucalyptus), which describes the group of species to which the new species belongs, and the second part is a species name (such as globulus, thereby making the name Eucalyptus globulus) particular to the new species itself. New species are either added to an existing genus, or occasionally, if they’re sufficiently novel, are given their own new genus. Some scientific names are widely known – arguably none more so than our own, Homo sapiens. And gardeners or nature enthusiasts will be familiar with genus names such as Acacia, Callistemon or Banksia. This all sounds pretty uncontroversial. But as with Shakespeare’s star-crossed lovers, history and tradition sometimes present problems. What’s in a name? Take the genus Hibbertia, the Australian guineaflowers. This is one of the largest genera of plants in Australia, and the one we study. There are many new and yet-unnamed species of Hibbertia, which means new species names are regularly added to this genus. Many scientific names are derived from a feature of the species or genus being named, such as Eucalyptus, from the Greek for 'well-covered' (a reference to the operculum or bud-cap that covers unopened eucalypt flowers). Others honour significant people, either living or dead. Hibbertia is named after a wealthy 19th-century English patron of botany, George Hibbert. And here’s where things stop being straightforward, because Hibbert’s wealth came almost entirely from the transatlantic slave trade. He profited from taking slaves from Africa to the New World, selling some and using others on his family’s extensive plantations, then transporting slave-produced sugar and cotton back to England. Hibbert was also a prominent member of the British parliament and a staunch opponent of abolition. He and his ilk argued that slavery was economically necessary for England, and even that slaves were better off on the plantations than in their homelands. Even at the time, his views were considered abhorrent by many critics. But despite this, he was handsomely recompensed for his 'losses' when Britain finally abolished slavery in 1807. So, should Hibbert be honoured with the name of a genus of plants, to which new species are still being added today – effectively meaning he is honoured afresh with each new publication? We don’t believe so. Just like statues, buildings, and street or suburb names, we think a reckoning is due for scientific species names that honour people who held views or acted in ways that are deeply dishonourable, highly problematic or truly egregious by modern standards. Just as Western Australia’s King Leopold Range was recently renamed to remove the link to the atrocious Leopold II of Belgium, we would like Hibbertia to bear a more appropriate and less troubling name. The same goes for the Great Barrier Reef coral Catalaphyllia jardinei, named after Frank Jardine, a brutal dispossessor of Aboriginal people in North Queensland. And, perhaps most astoundingly, the rare Slovenian cave beetle Anophthalmus hitleri, which was named in 1933 in honour of Adolf Hitler. This name is unfortunate for several reasons: despite being a small, somewhat nondescript, blind beetle, in recent years it has been reportedly pushed to the brink of extinction by Nazi memorabilia enthusiasts. Specimens are even being stolen from museum collections for sale into this lucrative market. Aye, there’s the rub Unfortunately, the official rules don’t allow us to rename Hibbertia or any other species that has a troubling or inappropriate name. To solve this, we propose a change to the international rules for naming species. Our proposal, if adopted, would establish an international expert committee to decide what do about scientific names that honour inappropriate people or are based on culturally offensive words. An example of the latter is the many names of plants based on the Latin caffra, the origin of which is a word so offensive to Black Africans that its use is banned in South Africa. Some may argue the scholarly naming of species should remain aloof from social change, and that Hibbert’s views on slavery are irrelevant to the classification of Australian flowers. We counter that, just like toppling statues in Bristol Harbour or removing Cecil Rhodes’ name from public buildings, renaming things is important and necessary if we are to right history’s wrongs. We believe that science, including taxonomy, must be socially responsible and responsive. Science is embedded in culture rather than housed in ivory towers, and scientists should work for the common good rather than blindly follow tradition. Deeply problematic names pervade science just as they pervade our streets, cities and landscapes. Hibbertia may be just a name, but we believe a different name for this lovely genus of Australian flowers would smell much sweeter. This article was co-authored by Tim Hammer, a postdoctoral research fellow at the State Herbarium of South Australia. Kevin Thiele, Adjunct Assoc. Professor, The University of Western Australia This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.	https://www.step.org.au/index.php/step-matters-214/item/535-hibbert-s-flowers-and-hitler-s-beetle-what-do-we-do-when-species-are-named-after-history-s-monsters
A very curious primate species has been discovered for the first time by scientists in the jungles of Myanmar. The Popa langur (Trachypithecus popa), as it’s being called, is a type of monkey with an extremely unique look. It has grayish-purple fur, black circular eyes with large rings around them, and a curious tuft of hair that sits atop its head. As for its name, the researchers were inspired by the sacred extinct volcano nearby called Mount Popa. Any time you lay eyes on a newly discovered species is thrilling, but the discovery of this new primate species is simultaneously bittersweet as the researchers have already classified them as “critically endangered.” The London Natural History Museum said in a news release that there are only an estimated 200 to 260 left. “The hope is that by giving this species the scientific status and notoriety it merits, there will be even more concerted efforts in protecting this area and the few other remaining populations,” said Roberto Portela Miguez, a senior curator at the Natural History Museum. Although these creatures have been in catalogs for over a hundred years, scientists haven’t had the tools or expertise to identify whether or not the Popa langur is an entirely new species of monkey. But by gathering samples and DNA of all other Trachypithecus species (cousins of the Popa langur), and combining this data with other data from specimens in other museums, the scientists were able to confirm the existence of the new species. The researchers believe the Popa langurs were likely once widespread across central Myanmar, but that only a few groups have survived. Hopefully, the new classification of the Popa langur will ramp up conservation efforts to help save this incredible creature.	https://www.optimistdaily.com/2020/11/scientist-identify-incredibly-rare-monkey-species-in-myanmar/
Doctrine: The law does not require that the illness should be incurable. What is important is that he was unable to perform his customary work for more than 120 days which constitutes permanent total disability. An award of a total and permanent disability benefit would be germane to the purpose of the benefit, which is to help the employee in making ends meet at the time when he is unable to work. THIRD DIVISION G.R. No. 211454 \| February 11, 2015 MAUNLAD TRANS., INC./ CARNIVAL CRUISE LINES, INC., and MR. AMADO L. CASTRO, JR., petitioners, v. RODOLFO M. CAMORAL, respondent. Ponente: Reyes, J. Narrative: Camoral was continuously deployed overseas by Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc., a foreign shipping company, through its local agent, Maunlad Trans., Inc. Sometime in April 2009, they took him on board M/S Carnival Sensation as ice carver for a period of eight months, where the company doctors have declared him “Fit for Sea Duty”. Camoral’s job as ice carver required lifting and carrying heavy blocks of ice and using heavy equipment and tools, working for hours inside the freezer in sub-zero temperature. One day, in September 2009, while at work, he suddenly felt excruciating pain in his neck. It became so intense that he dropped to the floor. Such pain relievers could not relieve the pain, and the ship’s doctor then advised the Chief Chef that Camoral was unfit for further duty on board. On advice of the company doctor, an imaging scan was performed on Camoral’s cervical spine. In his medical report, it was found that Camoral was with “Cervical Disc Herniation and Radiculopathy” and declared him “unfit for duty”. He underwent rigorous physical therapy, but after more than five months, his condition barely improved, and the pain in his neck, chest and shoulder persisted. He then consulted Dr. Catapang, a renowned Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgeon. The clinical and physical examination of Camoral issued a report stating that he has lost his pre-injury capacity and is unfit to work back at his previous occupation as a seafarer. Camoral failed to get further financial assistance from Maunlad Trans., Inc. for his subsequent treatment and medications, as well as total disability benefits. He was instead offered $10,075.00 corresponding to Grade “10” disability the company gave him. With no income for more than 120 days and having been declared unfit to return to his previous job due to loss of his pre-injury capacity, he sued Maunlad Trans., Inc. before the LA for total disability benefits of US$60,000.00, citing Philippine Overseas Employment Administration Standard Terms and Conditions Governing the Employment of Filipino Seafarers on board Ocean-going Vessels (POEA SEC). The Maunlad Trans., Inc. argued that Camoral was not entitled to total and permanent disability benefits since he was not assessed by the company doctors with a Grade “1” disability. Furthermore, it insisted that regardless of whether the disability is total or partial, any compensation should be based on the grading provided in the POEA SEC, which in this case is Grade “10” disability as assessed by the company doctors. The Supreme Court ruled that the inability to work for more than 240 days equivalent to permanent and total disability benefits. In this case, the respondent was assessed by the company-designated doctors with a grade “10” disability on the 150th day of his treatment. However, the company-designated physicians likewise stated that with the disability, the seafarer will not be able to return to his previous work. Camoral likewise presented a medical opinion from his own doctor declaring him unfit to return to sea duty. The Court did not honor the grade “10” disability assessment issued by the company-designated physician as basis for disability benefits payable and instead held that Camoral is entitled to full disability benefits as he is now permanently and totally disabled. They noted that the company doctor, as well as Camoral’s personal doctor was of the same opinion that fitness to go back to work is no longer attainable. Thus, the Court held that while the seafarer is partially injured or disabled, he must not be precluded from earning by doing the same work he had before his injury or disability or that he is accustomed or trained to do. Otherwise, if his illness or injury prevents him from engaging in gainful employment for more than 120 days or 240 days, as the case may be, then he shall be deemed totally and permanently disabled. It is of no consequence that he recovered, for what is important is that he was unable to perform his customary work for more than 120/240 days, and this constitutes permanent total disability.	https://sarimanoklawclinic.com/2021/03/25/maunlad-trans-inc-carnival-cruise-lines-inc-and-mr-amado-l-castro-jr-v-rodolfo-m-camoral-g-r-no-211454-february-11-2015/
Q1. In the figure, ABCD is a square with side 10. BFD is an arc of a circle with centre C and BGD is an arc of another circle with centre A. What is the area of shaded region? (a) 100π – 50 (b) 100 – 25π (c) 50π – 100 (d) 25π – 10 (e) 100 – 50π Q2. A circle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle and a square is inscribed in the circle. The ratio of the area of the triangle to the area of the square is (a) √3 ∶√2 (b) 3√3:2 (c) 3∶√2 (d) √2: 1 (e) 2 : 3√3 Q3. A starts driving from P to Q at 9 am and B starts driving from Q to P at 10 am B is 50% faster than A. What is the time when they meet if P and Q are 300 km apart and A’s speed is 50 km/h. (a) 12 : 30 pm (b) 12 noon (c) 11 : 00 am (d) 11 : 30 am (e) 1 : 30 pm Q4. Two persons A and B are standing diametrically opposite on a circular track with a radius of 3.5 units. They start running in an opposite direction on the circular track and their speeds are 4 units/minute and 7 units/minute respectively. On meeting each other they take rest for half a minute and then start running with twice the original speed. In five minutes how many times will they meet ? (a) 6 times (b) 7 times (c) 10 times (d) 5 times (e) 12 times Q5. A man works twice as fast as a woman. A woman works twice as fast as a child. If 16 men can complete a job in 12days, how many days would be required for 32 women and 64 boys together to complete the same job? (a) 2 days (b) 3 days (c) 4 days (d) 6 days (e) 8 days Q6. A cistern can be filled by two taps A and B coming from the same main pipeline in 20 and 30 minutes respectively. Both the taps are opened at the same time but due to partial closing of a valve in the main pipeline tap A was supplying only 4/5th of its capacity and tap B, 5/6th of its capacity. After some time, the valve in the main pipeline was opened fully thereby enabling the two taps to supply at full capacity. It took another 5 minutes to fill the cistern completely. What was the time for which the main pipeline was get partially closed ? (a) 7 minutes (b) 9 minutes (c) 11 minutes (d) 13 minutes (e) 6 minutes Q7. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 20 hours and 25 hours respectively and a third pipe C can empty the tank in 50 hours. All of three pipes opened together and after some times pipe C is closed. If total time to fill the tank from beginning is 13 hours, find after how much time pipe C was closed? (a) 11 hrs (b) 9 hrs (c) 8.5 hrs (d) 7.5 hrs (e)10.5 hrs. Q8. A starts a business with an initial investment of Rs 18000. After 4 months, B enters into the partnership with an investment of Rs 24000. Again after two months, C enters with an investment of Rs 30000. If C receives Rs 1845 in the profit at the end of the year, what is total annual profit? (a) Rs 6027 (b) Rs 6327 (c) Rs 6527 (d) Rs 6080 (e) Rs 6800 Q9. A, B and C started a business by investing Rs 20,000, Rs 28,000 and Rs 36,000 respectively. After 6 months, A and B withdrew an amount of Rs 8,000 each and C invested an additional amount of Rs 8,000. All of them invested for equal period of time. If at the end of the year, C got Rs 12,550 as his share of profit, what was the total profit earned? (a) Rs 25,100 (b) Rs 26,600 (c) Rs 24,300 (d) Rs 22,960 (e) Rs 21,440 Q10. If the simple interest on a certain sum of money for 15 months at 7 1/2% p.a. exceeds the simple interest on the same sum for 8 months at 12 1/2% p.a. by Rs 32.50. The sum is (a) Rs. 312 (b) Rs. 312.50 (c) Rs. 3120 (d) Rs. 3120. 50 (e) None of these Q11. There are 6 filling pipes each capable of filling a cistern alone in 16 minutes and 4 emptying pipes each capable of emptying a cistern alone in 20 minutes. All pipes are opened together and as a result, tank fills 28 litres of water per minute. Find the capacity of the tank. (a) 145 l (b) 160 l (c) 240 l (d) 180 l (e) 154 l Q12. Ravi borrowed some money at the rate of 4 p.c.p.a for the first three years, at the rate of 8 p.c.p.a for the next two years and at the rate of 9 p.c.p.a for the period beyond 5 years. If he pays a total simple interest of Rs 19550 at the end of 7 years, how much money did he borrow? (a) Rs 39500 (b) Rs 42500 (c) Rs 41900 (d) Rs 43000 (e) Rs 34000 Q13. A sum of Rs 16800 is divided into two parts. One part is lent at the simple interest of 6% per annum and the other at 8% per annum. After 2 years total sum received is Rs 19000. The sum lent at 6% of simple interest is (a) Rs 12200 (b) Rs 12000 (c) Rs 11000 (d) Rs 10000 (e) Rs 14500 Q14. A discount of 15% is given on the marked price of an article. The shopkeeper charges sales tax of 6% on the discounted price. If the selling price be Rs 1081.20, what is the marked price of the article? (a) Rs 1185.20 (b) Rs 1250.20 (c) Rs 302 (d) Rs 1200 (e) Rs 1205.50 Q15. In Arun’s opinion his weight is greater than 65 kg but less than 72 kg. His brother does not agree with Arun and he thinks that Arun’s weight is greater than 60 kg but less than 70 kg. His mother’s view is that his weight cannot be greater than 68 kg. if all of them are correct in their estimation, what is the average of different probably weights of Arun?	https://www.bankersadda.com/quantitative-aptitude-questions-for_16/
You are in: Home Aviation History 1949 1949 - 1705.PDF FLIGHT, 6 October 1949 •469 RUDDER HINGE Layout of the new tail unit, the most notable external feature which dis- tinguishes the Meteor 8 from its pre- decessors. In the plan view the unusual spar arrangement can be studied. METEOR 8 . . . demonstrated at Farnborough last month, is the most powerful single-seater in the world and climbs to 40,000 ft in little more than four minutes. Characteristics which distinguish the Meteor 8 from the standard Mk. 4 include a completely redesigned tail unit; lengthened fuselage; revised cockpit enclosure and wing-root fillets of different contour. The leading edge of the tailplane has a pronounced sweep-back and the tailplane / elevator assembly is square-tipped. Elevator and rudder areas have been decreased and, from one degree, tailplane incidence has been reduced to zero. The sections of all surfaces are thinnerthan formerly. Familiar on all earlier Meteors, the lower nn- cum-skid has been deleted, but the upper fin has been corre-spondingly increased in area and, as our illustration shows, completely changed in outline. The fuselage now terminatesin a cone-shaped fairing. Revision of the wing-root fillets was undertaken in the interests of production and has no aero-dynamic significance. The new clean-lined cockpit enclosure is electrically openedand closed by a push button, and a Martin-Baker ejector seat is standard equipment. Dimensions of the Meteor 8 are: span, 37 ft 2 in; length,44 ft 7 in; height, 13 ft 10 in. PYTHON TYPE-TEST Armstrong Siddeley Turboprops Strenuous 194 Hours TTOLLOWING the recent conclusion of the 150 hours' civil/ -T military type test on the Armstrong Siddeley Python, it is now possible to give a resume of the test. The actual running time on test was 194 hours with the power unit mounted in the hangar test-bed and driving a I4ft-diameter, eight-bladed Kotol contra-rotating airscrew. The schedule of running was as follows :— 7\| hr at minimum idling speed = 4,000 r.p.m. 7\| hr at minimum flight idling speed = 6,400 r.p.m. 45 hr at intermediate cruising speed = 6,400 r.p.m. to 7,600 r.p.m. 80 hr at maximum cruis- ing speed = 7,6oo r.p.m. 10 hr at maximum climb- ing speed = 7,800 r.p.m. 10 hr at maximum take- off conditions = 8.000 r.p.m. During the course of the test, which was made under official supervision, 160 ac- celerations from minimum power to take-off power were made, whilst the total number of starts made was 100. Maximum take-off power for the type test was over 4,000 equivalent horse- power, although 4,350 e.h.p. was developed during the The cleanliness of these (un- touched) principal components of the type-tested Python is indicative of the unit's quality. overspeed test (at 8,300 r.p.m.) included in the schedule.In this connection, rated maximum powers of such an order are comfortably within the Python's capacity, for powers ofvery nearly 5,000 e.h.p. have been recorded during develop- ment running. Understandably enough, type-test conditions are of consider-ably greater severity than those normally found in flight; some indication ot this is given by the calculation that, with thePython installed in a modern fighter aircraft, the amount of running under scheduled test conditions was equivalent to50,000 miles' flying. An extremely severe Parthian shot after 180 hours' running was the conclusion with 10 hours at maxi-mum climb conditions. Assuming an initial rate of climb of 5,oooft/min, this is equivalent to the aircraft making 100continuous climbs to 30,000ft. The condition of all the com- ponents, when the unit was completely stripped after test,is officially stated to have been excellent.	https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1949/1949%20-%201705.html
In ultra running, achieving a fastest known time is a major accomplishment. It is equivalent to a meet or event record in cross country or track and field, and word of the accomplishment tends to travel fast. Ever since Cody Lind, a 2013 Challis High graduate and 2019 Idaho State graduate, and Brittany Peterson, an instructor and academic fieldwork coordinator in Idaho State’s occupational therapy assistant program, completed the 310-mile Superior Hiking Trail in Minnesota in four days, nine hours, 27 minutes, 18 seconds to set the trail’s fastest known men’s and women’s times last month, they’ve heard from various members of the ultra running community. The previous fastest known times were by Mike Koppe (five days, three hours, 44 minutes) and Alex Elizabeth (six days, 12 hours, 32 minutes). Lind said they spoke to various newspapers in the Midwest and were also invited on a few podcasts, including by Ultra Running Magazine, and news of their effort spread while they were still on the trail. “There’s a close knit group in the Midwest, a group of ultra runners,” Lind said by phone. “Different people were out there on the trail and they’d say, ‘Oh, Brittany and Cody, you’re doing awesome.’ We had no idea who these people were.” Both sponsored ultra runners and Pocatello residents, Lind and Peterson said taking on the Superior Hiking Trail and its fastest known times was a conversation topic prior to this year. Once their summer schedule got turned upside down due to COVID-19 and ultra runs were canceled, they decided this was the time to make the trip to Minnesota. Peterson, who moved to Idaho 11 years ago from Minnesota, grew up close to the southern terminus of the Superior Hiking Trail. She attended college in Duluth, which is also on the trail, and spent family vacations at spots on the trail’s northern terminus. Lind had never been to Minnesota, and Peterson does not often get to go back, which furthermore led to their decision. “I always joked about wanting to do the SHT. Cody would be like, ‘How far is it?’ ‘It’s 310 miles,’” Peterson said by phone. “It kinda paired with, our races were falling apart, I don’t often get to visit my family in the summer because we’re always traveling. Some of the sections, gosh, it’s probably been like over a decade (since I was there last).” In late April, they chose to complete the SHT in June. Lind said this put them in a bit of a ‘time crunch’ to properly plan. The trail, which follows Lake Superior, includes 43,000 total feet of elevation gain from south to north. Lind said Peterson spent days studying maps of each section of the trail. They also set goal times for each section that would put them on pace to set a new fastest known time. “We wanted to be sub-five days and we made five different 60-mile sections knowing that a section is gonna take less than 24 hours,” Lind said. “That was the plan. We’d kinda run 60 miles and meet up with crew and maybe sleep, eat and at least lay horizontal.” With Peterson’s father, brother and her brother’s girlfriend as their support crew, Peterson and Lind began their effort the morning of June 17 on the southern terminus. To physically prepare, Lind and Peterson followed a six-week training regimen prior to leaving for Minnesota that included a 62-mile day, a 57-mile day and a weekend of three 30-mile runs. While Lind said running in east Idaho’s mountains helped prepare for the various terrain, the biggest challenge early on the SHT was the humidity. Fittingly, Lind’s last ultra race before COVID-19 cancellations was in humid conditions: the Coastal Challenge in February in Costa Rica, which he won. To read much more of the original story, follow this link to the Post-Register web site. https://www.postregister.com/postregister/lind-peterson-achieve-fastest-known-time-on-minnesotas-sup...	https://www.boreal.org/2020/07/26/322890/ultra-runners-achieve-fastest-known-time-on-minnesotas-superior-hiking-trail
Want to know what it takes to run up and down mountains for 6 days straight? Watch this runner conquer the feat. In 2019, Paul Tierney set out on an epic adventure to summit all 214 of the Alfred Wainwright Lake District peaks in northwest England in one go. Believe it or not, someone had already done it — so Tierney’s goal was to beat the record time of 6 days, 13 hours, and 1 minute. Running the Wainwrights meant Tierney had to cover a distance of approximately 318 miles. He also had to conquer a total elevation gain equivalent to four times the height of Mt. Everest. If it sounds intense, it is. And that’s not even factoring in the added challenges of extreme weather, sleep deprivation, and sore muscles along the way. Thankfully, Tierney had a support team. The film premiered today at noon.	https://gearjunkie.com/running-the-wainwrights-film
There are only 17 days until Ironman Florida. With less than three weeks until race day the bulk of my training is done. All that’s left is a normal rest week this week and then 2 weeks of taper into the race. Its been a pretty long year training wise. Since January 1, 2011 I swam 276,040 yards (that’s 156.84 miles or the equivalent of swimming from Newport, Rhode Island to Portland, Maine), biked 6697.84 miles (about the distance between Hartford, Connecticut and Astana, Kazakhstan) and ran 1097.02 miles (the equivalent of running from Boston to Atlanta). My total training time so far in 2011 is 647 hours and 37 minutes. As Shaun noted, if I had billed an extra 647 hours over the past ten months, I would getting a nice bonus come December. During all this training, my biggest month was May. I biked 909 miles, ran 133 miles and swam 43393 yards. While these numbers seem big, May was part of a 4 week build block and there were 5 weekends in May, which also bumped up the numbers. I also had 16 days of complete rest so far in 2011, albeit 7 of these days came after finishing Ironman Lake Placid. Training for Ironman Florida, I’ve raced in seven states – Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, New Hampshire, Delaware, Maryland and Florida and Shaun and I have spent 25 nights in hotel rooms. Our favorite hotels over the past year have to be the Bellmoor in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware and the Cambridge House Bed and Breakfast in Cambridge, Maryland. I’ve only been forced to get on a plane four times — both times flying to and from Florida. Of the four times we checked our bikes, we got charged a bike baggage fee on three occasions (at least it was Southwest and the fee was only $50). During training for Ironman Florida I’ve consumed 2 cases of Clif Shot Bloks (black cherry are my favorite, 3 cases of Raspberry Creme Power Gels, 3 cases of Strawberry Banana Power Gels, 9 canisters of Ironman Perform and 2 canisters of Endurox (the 4 lb size). I gone through two pillow pets — a bumblebee and a panda bear (for travelling in comfort), 11 Oiselle running tees and more pairs of Lululemon speed shorts than I can count. While trianing I’ve used three different pairs of running shoes (Saucony Kinvaras, K-Swiss Blades and K-Swiss Kwicky Blade Lights) all of which are still in the shoe rotation. For the actual Ironman Florida race, Shaun and I will be flying 1,289 miles from Hartford to Panama City Beach (maybe that should be the run target for Ironman Texas in 2012). We’ll be spending an additional 5 nights in a hotel (or in this case a condo). This will be my 4th Ironman (Ironman Louisville in 2008, Arizona in 2009, Lake Placid in 2001) and will keep me even with Shaun (this is his 4th Ironman as well). During the course of the race I’ll consume 11 Power Gels, 2 packages of Clif shot Bloks, 9 bottles of Ironman Perform on the Bike, 20 or so partially filled cups of Ironman Perform on the run and a banana, which I be eating as I run out of T2. While there are lots of number associated with training and racing Ironman Florida, the most important number will be the time on the clock when I finish. I have a number in mind, but we’ll have to wait and see how the day plays out.	http://www.somerandomthursday.com/ironman-florida-by-the-numbers/
1 And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people: and there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book. There shall be a time of trouble — Refers to the great tribulation, the seige of Jerusalem from AD 67 to 70. Such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time — Jesus refers to Daniel 12:1 in Matthew 24:21, “For then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been since the beginning of the world until this time, no, nor shall ever be.” At that time thy people shall be delivered — The first century Christians did not go through the great tribulation. In Luke 21:20-22, Jesus warns his disciples to flee Jerusalem, “And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know that the desolation thereof is nigh. Then let them which are in Judaea flee to the mountains; and let them which are in the midst of it depart out; and let not them that are in the countries enter thereinto. For these be the days of vengeance, that all the things which are written be fulfilled.” Eusebius writes in Ecclesiastial History III:5: But the people of the church in Jerusalem had been commanded by a revelation, vouchsafed to approved men there before the war, to leave the city and to dwell in a certain town of Perea called Pella. And when those that believed in Christ had come thither from Jerusalem, then, as if the royal city of the Jews and the whole land of Judea were entirely destitute of holy men, the judgment of God at length overtook those who had committed such outrages against Christ and his apostles, and totally destroyed that generation of impious men…. [A]nd how at last the abomination of desolation, proclaimed by the prophets, stood in the very temple of God, so celebrated of old, the temple which was now awaiting its total and final destruction by fire,- all these things any one that wishes may find accurately described in the history written by Josephus.” 2 And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt. Many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake — This refers primarily to the gospel being preached. Many who sleep in the dust, both Jews and Gentiles, shall be awakened by the preaching of the Gospel out of their heathenism. It has a secondary application to a future resurrection when the multitude that sleep in the dust shall awake; many shall arise to life, and many to shame. 3 And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. They that be wise shall shine — There is glory reserved for all the saints in the future state, for all that are wise, wise for their souls and eternity. Those who turn others to righteousness, who turn sinners from the errors of their ways, and help to save their souls from death (James 5:20) will share in the glory of those they have helped to heaven, which will add to their own glory. 4 But thou, O Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, even to the time of the end many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased. Shut up the words, and seal the book — Daniel is commanded to seal the book of his prophecy until the time when it will be fulfilled. Compare this commandment with the commandment of the angel in Revelation: “And he saith unto me, Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book: for the time is at hand” (Revelation 22:10). The time of the end — The time when these prophecies shall be fulfilled. 5 Then I Daniel looked, and, behold, there stood other two, the one on this side of the bank of the river, and the other on that side of the bank of the river. 6 And one said to the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters of the river, How long shall it be to the end of these wonders? 7 And I heard the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters of the river, when he held up his right hand and his left hand unto heaven, and sware by him that liveth for ever that it shall be for a time, times, and an half; and when he shall have accomplished to scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished. 8 And I heard, but I understood not: then said I, O my Lord, what shall be the end of these things? 9 And he said, Go thy way, Daniel: for the words are closed up and sealed till the time of the end. 10 Many shall be purified, and made white, and tried; but the wicked shall do wickedly: and none of the wicked shall understand; but the wise shall understand. 11 And from the time that the daily sacrifice shall be taken away, and the abomination that maketh desolate set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred and ninety days. Thousand two hundred and ninety days — This refers to the siege of Jerusalem from the spring of AD 67 to the fall of the Temple in September of 70. Vespasian enters the Land in spring of 67, but Jerusalem does not fall until 70. 12 Blessed is he that waiteth, and cometh to the thousand three hundred and five and thirty days. Thousand three hundred and five and thirty days — This is another 45 days beyond the time of trouble. Those who were forewarned and survived the holocaust were Christians living in Jerusalem who had been forewarned by Jesus and John’s prophecy to flee the city to the hills of Judea in order to wait out the siege. 13 But go thou thy way till the end be: for thou shalt rest, and stand in thy lot at the end of the days. The end of the days — The end of the thousand three hundred and five and thirty days. This does not refer to the “end times” in an eschatological sense as many have supposed. Forerunner - Home » In The Days of These Kings ... Your comments are welcome! Massacre of Innocence (DVD) Exposing The Occult Roots of Abortion This presentation looks at the spiritual roots of abortion and exposes the myths surrounding child killing. Little known historical facts about abortion and how they relate to modern feminism are presented logically and accurately. Has been effective in converting many to a pro-life position. Massacre of Innocence goes where no pro-life presentation has gone before in “tearing the lid off abortion” to reveal the spiritual realities we must battle if we will bring an end to this crime. The presentation is absorbing, fast-paced, informative and incredibly devastating to any attempt to justify abortion. “… an extraordinary statement … a powerfully articulate presentation about what abortion really means, and why a great and moral nation like the United States must not allow the slaughter to continue.” — Congressman Robert K. Dornan Running time: 85 minutes $19.95 — ORDER NOW!(We accept all major credit cards and PayPal.) Click here for more information The Four Keys to the Millennium (Book) Foundations in Biblical Eschatology By Jay Rogers, Larry Waugh, Rodney Stortz, Joseph Meiring. High quality paperback, 167 pages. All Christians believe that their great God and Savior, Jesus Christ, will one day return. Although we cannot know the exact time of His return, what exactly did Jesus mean when he spoke of the signs of His coming (Mat. 24)? How are we to interpret the prophecies in Isaiah regarding the time when “the earth will be full of the knowledge of the LORD as the waters cover the sea” (Isa. 11:19)? Should we expect a time of great tribulation and apostasy or revival and reformation before the Lord returns? Is the devil bound now, and are the saints reigning with Christ? Did you know that there are four hermeneutical approaches to the book of Daniel and Revelation? These and many more questions are dealt with by four authors as they present the four views on the millennium. Each view is then critiqued by the other three authors. $12.95 — ORDER NOW!(We accept all major credit cards and PayPal.) Click here for more information The Real Jesus: A Defense of the Historicity and Divinity of Christ (DVD) Who is the Real Jesus? Ever since the dawn of modern rationalism, skeptics have sought to use textual criticism, archeology and historical reconstructions to uncover the “historical Jesus” — a wise teacher who said many wonderful things, but fulfilled no prophecies, performed no miracles and certainly did not rise from the dead in triumph over sin. Over the past 100 years, however, startling discoveries in biblical archeology and scholarship have all but vanquished the faulty assumptions of these doubting modernists. Regrettably, these discoveries have often been ignored by the skeptics as well as by the popular media. As a result, the liberal view still holds sway in universities and impacts the culture and even much of the church. The Real Jesus explodes the myths of these critics and the movies, books and television programs that have popularized their views. Presented in ten parts — perfect for individual, family and classroom study — viewers will be challenged to go deeper in their knowledge of Christ in order to be able to defend their faith and present the truth to a skeptical modern world – that the Jesus of the Gospels is the Jesus of history — “the same yesterday, today and forever” (Hebrews 13:8). He is the real Jesus. Speakers include: George Grant, Ted Baehr, Stephen Mansfield, Raymond Ortlund, Phil Kayser, David Lutzweiler, Jay Grimstead, J.P. Holding, and Eric Holmberg. Ten parts, over two hours of instruction! Running Time: 130 minutes $19.95 — ORDER NOW!(We accept all major credit cards and PayPal.) Click here for more information Dr. Francis Schaeffer - How Should We Then Live? (DVD) Special Two-Disc Set! After 40 years of intense study and world-wide ministry, Dr. Francis Schaeffer completed his crowning work of scholarship – to present profound truths in simple film language. Dr. Schaeffer’s brilliant analysis of the past and predictions for current trends have proven so uncannily accurate that this amazing series still feels contemporary almost three decades after its initial release. Ultimately, Schaeffer concludes that man’s only hope is a return to God’s Biblical absolute, the truth revealed in Christ through the Scriptures. Available for the first time on DVD, this documentary spectacular also includes intimate in-depth conversations with Francis and Edith Schaeffer. With the on-disc study guide, this presentation forms a unique course of comprehensive study. While this series forms an innovative analysis of the past, this outstanding work is more than history. Each episode focuses on a significant era, yet speaks clearly to 21st-century man with answers for modern problems. $49.95 — ORDER NOW!(We accept all major credit cards and PayPal.) Click here for more information God's Law and Society (DVD) Download the Free Study Guide! God’s Law and Society powerfully presents a comprehensive worldview based upon the ethical system found in the Law of God. Speakers include: R.J. Rushdoony, George Grant, Howard Phillips, R.C. Sproul Jr., Ken Gentry, Gary DeMar, Jay Grimstead, Steven Schlissel, Andrew Sandlin, Eric Holmberg, and more! Sixteen Christian leaders and scholars answer some of the most common questions and misconceptions related to this volatile issue: 1. Are we under Law or under Grace? 2. Does the Old Testament Law apply today? 3. Can we legislate morality? 4. What are the biblical foundations of government? 5. Was America founded as a Christian nation? 6. What about the separation of Church and State? 7. Is neutrality a myth? 8. What about non-Christians and the Law of God? 9. Would there be “freedom” in a Christian republic? 10. What would a “Christian America” look like? Perfect for group instruction as well as personal Bible study. Ten parts, over four hours of instruction! Running Time: 240 minutes Watch over 60 on-line video interviews from God’s Law and Society.	http://www.forerunner.com/daniel/X0010_Interpretation_of_Da.html
4. Radiolab: The Length of a Day Jad Abumrad and Robert Krolisch talk about this idea: that days were shorter in the past. There were roughly 410 days a year millions of years ago (oh, and the moon was ten times closer). Days at the beginning of the Earth took 6 hours a day. The questions I like to think about this include: was it that days were shorter? Or was it perhaps this: days stayed the same, and years and hours were longer? Which was it really? What is the standard between these we’re using to judge which measure of time — days, hours and years — changed and which stayed the same? And why? Here is another way to open this question. Say a time traveller went back to that time, and they experienced those days as being as long as the equivalent days now. Not only that but their watches run such that they count twenty-four hours with each spinning of the Earth. This is possible, especially if we consider the following point: if experience and the watch alter in relation to the year as described above, these means by which the traveler measures time are related to the day as coral growth is related. Radiolab introduces the differences in the growth rate between prehistoric and modern coral as their first piece of evidence for why paleontologists think the ancient year is longer. So, the traveller — through their experience and through their watch — comes to the following judgement: it is the years which are different — they, like Westeros in the Game of Thrones, take longer between summers and winters. Would the traveller be wrong? (Compare with Poincare’s mathematical thought experiment about climbing to the edge of the universe).	https://seanendapower.com/2014/01/13/fast-post-recent-non-academic-time-work-ive-come-across/5/
The TXC (Transient X-ray Camera) was a balloon-borne Coded Mask Telescope built at the Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, Frascati in cooperation with the Istituto di Fisica di Bari, both from Italy. The prototype was aimed to obtain measurements of the hard X-ray radiation in the energy range of 20-150 KeV. The TXC telescope consisted of a coded mask and a Xenon filled position sensitive multiwire proportional chamber. The figure at left shows a drawing of the TXC telescope and the pattern of the mask used (click for more details). The basic array of the mask pattern, based on Cyclic Difference Sets of Hadamard type consisted of NxM =7X9 opaque and transparent elements and had an area equal to the position sensitive detectors (PSD) entrance window area. The whole mask pattern was obtained repeating the basic array twice minus one line and one column, so that the overall mask area was about 4 times the detector area. The mask consisted of 97,2 mm thick, Pb pieces glued on a 5 mm thick plastic support and held at 240 mm over the PSD window. The elements were rectangles with dimensions 28 x 22 mm, about twice the PSD spatial resolution (FWHM). The only collimating element of the system was the 2 mm Pb + 1mm Cu surface connecting the borders of the entrance window to the borders of the coded mask. The PSD entrance window was a 468 cm2 1 mm thick Aluminum foil, supported by a light Al alloy structure. The PSD vessel was an A1 alloy box 27.1 x 27.1 x 11 cm3, 8mm thick. The sensitive volume of the chamber was divided into 4 regions by means of 5 cathode planes alternated to 4 anode planes with a 11 mm gap; wires in each anode plane were 5.5 mm spaced while cathode wires were 2 mm spaced. The PSD was surrounded by 10 mm NE110 plastic scintillator active shields and by 4 mm passive Pb shields. The four anode planes and the scintillators were operated in anticoincidence. During the flight the whole instrument was packed inside a thermal insulating foamed polystyrene blanket. The telescope, weighing 415 kg, was placed at one side of the gondola to avoid shading from the mechanical suspensions. The telescope pointed at the zenith and was free to spin. As azimuthal orientation was not controlled it was continuously measured at 1 degree by two magnetometers for post-flight aspect reconstruction. For each event, three parameters were measured: namely the amplitude of the energy signal from the anodes, and the amplitudes of the X, Y coordinate signals from the cathodes. The identification code of the activated plane was also telemetered. Balloon launched on: 8/6/1981 at 6:30 utc Launch site: Base di Lancio Luigi Broglio, Trapani, Sicily, Italy Balloon launched by: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) / Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Balloon manufacturer/size/composition: Zero Pressure Balloon Winzen 12.400.000 cuft (0.5 Mils - Caps. 0.6 + 0.5 Mils - Stratofilm) Balloon serial number: 319.33-0.5-NSCHR 0.6+0.5 Caps. SN:6 End of flight (L for landing time, W for last contact, otherwise termination time): 8/7/1981 at ~ 6:00 utc Balloon flight duration (F: time at float only, otherwise total flight time in d:days / h:hours or m:minutes - ): 23 h 30 m Landing site: 60 km N of Sevilla, Spain Campaign: ODISSEA 81 Payload weight: 670 kgs The balloon was launched from the C.N.R. Stratospheric Balloon Facility at Trapani, Sicily on August 6, 1981 at 6:30 UTC. It reached an altitude of 40 km and flew for more than 23 hours to land 60 km north of Sevilla, Spain If you consider that this website is interesting or useful, you can help to keep it running with just the equivalent of the price of a cup of coffee. Click on the button on the right for more information.	https://stratocat.com.ar/fichas-e/1981/TPS-19810806.htm
This module is not currently running in the selected year. The information shown below is for the academic year that the module was last running in, prior to the year selected. 2019/20 Undergraduate Module Catalogue CHEM1281 Mathematical Tools for Chemists 5 creditsClass Size: 160 Module manager: Dr Marcelo Pessoa de Miranda Email: [email protected] Taught: Semester 2 (Jan to Jun) View Timetable Year running 2019/20 Pre-requisite qualificationsA-level Mathematics (or equivalent) This module is mutually exclusive with \|CHEM1181\|\|Mathematics for Chemists\| This module is not approved as a discovery module Module summaryThis module introduces mathematical tools and methods beyond the A-level syllabus that are necessary to gain a full understanding of Chemistry. It emphasises problem solving and makes extensive use of chemical examples. The teaching methods include lectures and problem-solving workshops. ObjectivesOn completion of this module, students should have gained confidence and proficiency in a set of mathematical manipulations appropriate to the study of chemistry and be able to apply these to chemical problems. Learning outcomes 1. The students will have extended their knowledge in the application of mathematics to solve chemical problems. 2. The students will extended the mathematical background necessary for further study of uses of mathematics in chemistry. 3. The students will develop additional understanding of mathematical principles and an appreciation of mathematics as a logical and coherent subject. 4. The students will develop the ability to analyse problems logically and, when appropriate, to tackle problems mathematically. Syllabus Aspects of mathematics that have wide application in chemistry but fall beyond the A-level syllabus, in particular within linear algebra and calculus. Specific applications of the associated mathematical methods and tools in Chemistry. Teaching methods \|Delivery type\|\|Number\|\|Length hours\|\|Student hours\| \|Workshop\|\|11\|\|1.00\|\|11.00\| \|Lecture\|\|6\|\|1.00\|\|6.00\| \|Private study hours\|\|33.00\| \|Total Contact hours\|\|17.00\| \|Total hours (100hr per 10 credits)\|\|50.00\| Private studyMuch of the private study time will consist of problem solving. Students will be provided with lists of practice problems in the classroom and will be advised to attempt problems from the books in the reading list. Some but not all of the exercises in the lists of practice problems will be attempted in the problem-solving workshops. As usual, private study will also involve revision of class materials, lecture notes, and textbook reading. Some of the assessment will take the form of online tests, which can be taken multiple times, and therefore will double as practice exercises. Opportunities for Formative FeedbackIn problem-solving workshops students will have the opportunity to discuss their work, along with technical issues and problem-solving approaches, directly with staff. As online tests will be available for multiple attempts, with problems being indicated as correctly or wrongly answered each time, this will also help students assess their own development, strengths, and weaknesses.	https://webprod3.leeds.ac.uk/catalogue/dynmodules.asp?Y=202223&M=CHEM-1281
A distributed load is a force spread over a surface or line. The distributed load on a surface can be expressed in terms of force per unit area, such as kilonewtons (kN) per square meter. The load on a beam can be expressed as force per unit length, such as kN per meter. A point load is an equivalent load applied to a single point. You can determine it by computing the total load over the object's surface or length and attributing the entire load to its centre. Determine the total length or area to which a load is applied. For example, if a load of 10 kilonewtons (kN) per square meter is applied to an area measuring 4 meters by 6 meters, then the total area is 24 square meters. If a load of 10 kN per meter is applied to a beam measuring 5 meters in length, then the total length is merely 5 meters. Determine the centre of the area or length. If you plot the 4-by-6-meter rectangle with its lower left corner at the origin and its length along the X-axis, then its corners are at (0,0), (6,0), (6,4) and (0,4), and its centre is at (3,2). The centre of a 5-meter beam is 2.5 meters from either end. Multiply the load per unit area or length by the total area or length. For the rectangle, you compute 10 kN per square meter multiplied by 24 square meters to get 240 kN. For the beam, you calculate 10 kN per meter multiplied by 5 meters to get 50 kN. Write your answer as the total load in Step 3 applied to the point you determined in Step 2. For the rectangle, the point load is 240 kN applied to a point 3 meters from an end in the length dimension and 2 meters from an end in the width dimension. For the beam, the point load is 50 kN applied to a point 2.5 meters from either end. You can use this general method for any shape if you can determine its centroid (the centre of its mass) and total area. For example, the centroid of a circular area of uniform mass is its centre, and its area is pi times the square of its radius.	https://www.ehow.co.uk/how_7561427_calculate-point-load.html
limited appointment or with a specified termination date, may be advanced up to 30 days of sick leave. Advance leave should not be granted if it appears likely that the employee will not return to duty long enough to earn the leave. Example: An employee with a 80 hour biweekly tour of duty may be advanced up to 240 hours, and an employee on a 144 hour biweekly tour duty may be advanced up to 432 hours. i. Family and Medical Leave (1) Entitlement. Per reference (g), under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), Federal employees who have completed at least 12 months of federal service are entitled to a total of up to 12 workweeks of unpaid leave during any 12-month period. Temporary employees are not entitled to Family and Medical Leave. Family and Medical Leave may be used for the following purposes: (a) The birth of a son or daughter of the employee and the care of such son or daughter; (b) The placement of a son or daughter with the employee for adoption or foster care; (c) The care of spouse, son, daughter, or parent of the employee who has a serious health condition; or (d) A serious health condition of the employee that makes the employee unable to perform the essential functions of his or her positions. Under certain conditions, an employee may use the 12 weeks of FMLA leave intermittently. An employee may elect to substitute annual leave, sick, or leave made available to the employee under the Voluntary Leave Transfer Program or the Voluntary Leave Bank Program for Leave Without Pay. The amount of sick leave that may be used to care for a family member is limited. FMLA leave is in addition to other paid time off available to an employee. (2) Job Benefits and Protection (a) Upon return from FMLA leave, an employee must be returned to the same position or to an "equivalent position with equivalent benefits, pay, status, and other terms and conditions of employment." (b) An employee who takes FMLA leave is entitled to maintain health benefits coverage. An employee on unpaid FMLA 10 Previous Page Index Next Page Privacy Statement Press Release Contact © Copyright Integrated Publishing, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.	https://navyflightmanuals.tpub.com/12000.1/Family-And-Medical-Leave-10.htm
MODERN PENTATHLON: Sydney's Chloe Esposito has recorded the best result ever by an Australian woman finishing 7th in the gruelling modern pentathlon at Greenwich Park, which was the last medal to be decided at the 2012 Games. Making her Olympic debut, the 20-year-old, coached by her father and 1984 Olympic modern pentathlete Daniel Esposito, made up nine places in the final run-shoot combined event finishing just 40secs behind the winner, the margin equivalent to her handicap. The previous best result by an Australian woman was 14th (from 24) by current Australian Deputy Chef de Mission Kitty Chiller when the sport made its debut for women in the 2000 Games in Sydney. "That's amazing; it makes me feel really good," said an ecstatic Esposito. "It makes me want to keep training. Now I really want to go to Rio (for the 2016 Games). "It was a big commitment to train for London, but it really was worth it. "Being my first Olympics I just wanted to do my best; I would have been happy with anything as long as I stuck to my tasks." A strong swim and ride saw Esposito sitting in 16th spot with a 40sec handicap leading into the final leg, the combined run-shoot event, consisting of three repeats of a 1km running circuit that starts each time with pistol shooting at five targets. With five disciplines at three venues in one day, Esposito, 20, ranked 11th in the world, tackled the final leg 10 hours after the event kicked off with 35 bouts of fencing over a three-hour period, followed by a 200m freestyle pool swim and a round of show jumping on a horse she met 20mins prior to riding it. The event started at the Copper Box with fencing where each athlete had to compete against every other athlete, with Esposito winning 14 of her 35 bouts to place 28th. Esposito improved her ranking by seven spots in the second leg at the Aquatics Centre, registering the fifth fastest time in the 200m freestyle pool event (2:12.28) in the field of 36. The fastest time in this event scores the most points. In the third leg at Greenwich Park, athletes contested a 12-jump course, with a horse chosen from a pool group. Esposito had a sterling ride on Glen Gold earning 1156 points from a maximum of 1200, losing points for knocking two poles down and incurring a 45sec time penalty. At the end of the show jumping, the athletes' scores and times were converted into a time handicap to determine the starting times for the combined run/shoot element, also at Greenwich Park. Esposito started with a 40sec. handicap. Athletes are required to shoot at sets of five targets before running three stretches of 1000m. The first athlete to cross the finish line wins gold. Twenty-four hours earlier, Sydney's Ed Fernon overcame cramps in his hands and legs in the opening three-hour fencing leg to post one of the fastest final run times for a credible 27th in his Olympic debut on Saturday. Fernon, ranked 111th in the world after only taking up the sport five years ago, made up ground in the final combined run-shoot event to improve his position in an event involving five disciplines at three venues over an 11-hour period.	http://olympics.com.au/news/esposito-s-7th-sets-new-australian-best
This bachelor degree with a major in Software Development & Applications is a multi-disciplinary course in which you can apply your I.T. expertise to address real world problems and needs of modern organisations. This is indeed a potent combination – one which ensures you are equipped academically to excel professionally in your chosen career path. Accolades - Top 250 Universities in the World (QS World University Rankings 2016/2017 and Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2016-2017) - Top 185th University in the World for Engineering & Technology (QS World University Rankings by Subject 2017) - 258th University in the World for Social Sciences & Management (QS World University Rankings by Subject 2017) - International Accreditation of The University of Newcastle’s Business School by Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) - 5 Stars in Social Equity and Student Retention (The Good Universities Guide 2017) - More than 4,000 Strong University of Newcastle-PSB Academy graduates from 39 countries Programme Structure Programme Duration This programme can be completed within 20 months with a maximum of 140 units of credit exemptions from relevant qualifications. Programme Structure - This programme consists of 9 modules - 5 blocks in a year - Delivered by both University faculty and local lecturers Students can opt to transfer and/ or complete their studies in Australia at any point during the study term. Student who transfers to Australia will be required to pay tuition fees applicable on-campus at the time of commencement at The University of Newcastle. Assessment and Examination Assessments may include assignments, tests, projects, and final examinations. Programme Outline \| \| Modules \| \| INFT2009 \| \| System Modelling \| \| INFT2040 \| \| Database Management Systems \| \| INFT3960 \| \| Games Production \| \| INFT3100 \| \| Project Management \| \| INFT2012 \| \| Applications Programming \| \| INFT3007 \| \| The Information Resource \| \| INFT3050 \| \| Web Programming \| \| INFT3920 \| \| Contemporary Issues in Information Technology \| \| INFT3970# \| \| IT Major Project # 20 units course Delivery of modules may not follow the sequence as shown and subject to change. Applicants with local Polytechnic Diploma in the discipline for Information Technology and two years of working expericence may apply for further credit exemption. Intakes Part-time: January and August Programme Details Contact Hours Part-Time: 496 hours (average) Maximum Candidature Period Undergrad programme of 240 units: 8 years Undergrad programme of 320 units: 10 years Delivery Mode Lectures, tutorials and project assignments will be conducted within PSB Academy campus. Minimum Number of Students Before a Class Commences Minimum 25 students are required before commencement of classes. Admission Criteria Local Student Admission Admission Requirements Minimum Entry Requirements: - Diploma from a Local Polytechnic relevant to Information Technology Discipline or; - Completion of Diploma in InfoComm Technology and Higher Diploma in Information Technology from PSB Academy or; - Other Diploma or equivalent qualification would be assessed on a case by case basis. Language proficiency - GCE 'O' level credit in English; or - TOEFL score of 525 with a Test of Written English (TWE) of 4.0 in the paper based test or a score of 203 with a 4.0 in the Essay Rating in the computer based test; or - Minimum IELTS (Academic) score of 6.5, with no sub-test score is less than 6.0 An applicant who wishes to enrol and does not speak English as a first language must demonstrate that they meet the University's English proficiency requirement. Details of this policy can be found here. Note that all qualifications must be completed within eight years prior to commencement in order to be considered. Applicants with qualifications that are over eight-years-old, or without the required average grades may also apply but will be assessed on a case-by-case basis by the University. Fees Local Student Total programme fee (10 modules) : S$ 16,157.00* Total programme fee (8 modules) : S$ 12,925.60* - Per module fee : S$ 1,615.70* Singaporean/PR graduates of PSB Academy are entitled fee rebates for subsequent programmes. For more information, please complete the Enquiry Form and we will be in touch with you soon. * All fees inclusive of 7% GST and may be subject to change annually * Programme fee excludes textbooks * Click here to view other charges for students Financial Aid / Available Grants Please click here to view financial aid and available grants. Local Applications How to Apply Please click here to view application procedures.	http://psb-academy.edu.sg/universities/australia/the-university-of-newcastle-australia/bachelor-of-information-technology-pt/
Mediterranean Stuffed Peppers Scramble member Molly Thompson of Bozeman, Montana, asked The Scramble if we could update the recipe for the wonderful stuffed peppers that her dad used to make. The result is a healthy and elegant comfort food that you can make for a family dinner or company. Ingredients - 6 bell peppers, any color - 1 Tbsp. extra virgin olive oil - 1/2 yellow onion diced - 1 lb. ground chicken, turkey, beef, or meatless crumbles - 1/4 cup pine nuts optional - 28 oz. crushed tomatoes - 2 tsp. dried Italian seasoning or use a combination of dried basil and oregano - 2 Tbsp. brown sugar - 1/2 cup couscous or use quinoa for a gluten-free alternative - 1 Tbsp. Worcestershire sauce (for a vegetarian and gluten-free option use 6 drops hot sauce and 1/4 tsp. sugar per each Tbsp. Worcestershire sauce) - 1/2 tsp. salt optional Instructions - Preheat the oven to 400 degrees. - Slice the tops off of the peppers and scoop out the seeds and ribs (a grapefruit spoon works well). - In a large pot, steam the peppers in about 1-inch of water for 3 - 5 minutes, or microwave them on high heat for 5 - 7 minutes until they are slightly tender. - Meanwhile, in a large heavy skillet, heat the oil over medium heat and sauté the onions, meat (if you are using meatless crumbles, add it with the tomatoes), and pine nuts (optional) for 8 - 10 minutes, until the meat is no longer pink. - Add the tomatoes, Italian seasoning, sugar, couscous, ½ cup water, and Worcestershire sauce to the skillet and simmer it for about 5 minutes until the couscous is tender. Stir in the salt (optional). - Stand the peppers in a baking dish just large enough to hold them. Using a ladle or large spoon, fill the peppers with the meat sauce. If there is any extra filling, the peppers can overflow, or you can pour it around the bottoms of the peppers. (At this point you can proceed with the recipe or cover and refrigerate the peppers for up to 2 days before cooking.) - Bake the peppers for about 30 minutes until they are tender and starting to wrinkle or brown at the tops. - Remove the peppers from the oven and allow them to cool for about 10 minutes before serving, or refrigerate them for up to 3 days, or cover them tightly and freeze them for up to 3 months. Slow Cooker Directions - There's no need to pre-cook the meat. Stand the peppers in the slow cooker after slicing off the tops and scooping out the seeds and ribs. In a medium bowl, mix together the onions, meat, pine nuts (optional), tomatoes, Italian seasoning, sugar, couscous, Worcestershire sauce, and salt (optional). Fill the peppers with the mixture, then gently pour ½ cup water around the base of the peppers. Cook on low for 6 - 8 hours or on high for 3 - 4 hours, until the meat is cooked through and the peppers are tender. (Slow cooker cooking times may vary—Get to know your slow cooker and, if necessary, adjust cooking times accordingly.) Notes Do Ahead or Delegate: Slice the tops off the peppers and remove the seeds and ribs, dice the onion, steam the bell peppers, cook the meat mixture and refrigerate, assemble and refrigerate the stuffed peppers, or fully prepare and refrigerate or freeze the dish. Scramble Flavor Booster: Add minced garlic and/or crushed red pepper flakes when sautéing the meat mixture. Tip: While green bell peppers are certainly good for you and 1 cup delivers 12% of your daily value of vitamin A, an equivalent serving of red bell peppers (which are actually just ripe green peppers) contains 104% of your daily value! Additionally, red peppers contain close to 11 times more beta-carotene than the green variety. So, if in a position where you can choose any color bell pepper for your recipe, this is good to keep in mind. Red bell peppers can give you more bang for your nutritional buck! Nutritional Information Per Serving (% based upon daily values): Calories 240, Total Fat: 4g, 6%; Saturated Fat: 1g, 5%; Cholesterol: 30mg, 10%; Sodium: 240mg, 10%; Total Carbohydrate: 32g, 11%; Dietary Fiber: 5g, 20%; Sugar: 11g; Protein: 23g Like this recipe? Check out The Scramble's family-friendly meal plans to see just how simple getting dinner on the table can be! Tried this recipe?Let us know how it was!	https://www.thescramble.com/recipes/mediterranean-stuffed-peppers/
One thousand, eight hundred and sixty-five days passed between Jacquizz Rodgers' NFL debut and his first 100-yard rushing game. Thirteen days passed between that and his second 100-yard rushing game, and it was only that long because of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers' bye week. Rodgers is just the 10th back in Buccaneers history to have back-to-back 100-yard rushing efforts, and surely the most unlikely. He is just the third of those 10 to have started his career somewhere other than Tampa, joining Michael Pittman and LeGarrette Blount, and in fact Rodgers wasn't even on NFL roster when the 2016 season began. The Buccaneers signed him on September 13, reuniting him with Head Coach Dirk Koetter, who was his offensive coordinator for three seasons in Atlanta. Rodgers got his first start as a Buccaneer in Week Five, in a Monday Night Football contest in Carolina. He rushed a career-high 30 times for 101 yards in a victory over the Panthers. In his second start, on Sunday in San Francisco, Rodgers ran 26 times for 154 yards, the 13th-highest single-game total in franchise annals. With that performance, Rodgers joined Cadillac Williams as the only two players in team history to gain top 100 rushing yards in their first two Buccaneer starts. Williams actually did it in each of his first three games, and his cleats ended up in the Pro Football Hall of Fame because of it. Rodgers, amazingly, has set his own single-game career high twice in the last two games, in his sixth season in the NFL.Here are the top five games, by rushing yardage, in this increasingly entertaining Quizz Show: Rodgers has 255 rushing yards in his last two games. Prior to joining the Buccaneers, he had 258 rushing yards in his last two seasons. With a total of 324 yards in 2016, he needs only 39 more to break his single-season career high of 362, set with Atlanta in 2012. Rodgers, whose previous single-game high for carries was that 18-tote performance against Miami listed above, has become an unlikely workhorse for the Buccaneers in the absence of Doug Martin. In fact, he joins Martin as two of the five running backs in team history who have had consecutive games with at least 25 carries. James Wilder dominates the list, but otherwise, Rodgers, Martin and Errict Rhett have each done it once. A behind-the-scenes look at the Buccaneers' game against the 49ers. Rodgers' biggest play in Sunday's win over the 49ers was a 45-yard run in the second quarter, which set up a Roberto Aguayo field goal. That was the longest run of his career, and it was the Bucs' longest of the game, but only barely. Rookie RB Peyton Barber salted the game away in the fourth quarter with a 44-yard touchdown run, the longest of his (very brief) career. That marked the first time in Buccaneer history that two different players each had a carry of 40 yards or longer in the same game. With that long run, Barber finished the game with 84 yards on 12 carries. Had he tallied 16 more yards, he would have joined Rodgers in duplicating a feat that has only happened once in team history. The "Thunder & Lightning" duo of Mike Alstott and Warrick Dunn rushed for 128 and 115 yards, respectively, in a win over the Minnesota Vikings on Nov. 1, 1998, marking the only time that two Buccaneer backs have cracked 100 yards in the same game. Even as an 80-80 pair, however, Rodgers and Barber pulled off a rare feat in Buc history. That was, in fact, the first time since the aforementioned Minnesota game – nearly two decades later – that two Buccaneer backs each surpassed 80 yards in the same outing. That has only happened six times in team annals, and Sunday's game was the first time it has occurred in a road game in 28 years. Two Buccaneers with 80+ Rushing Yards in the Same Game Rodgers and Barber led the Buccaneers to a total of 249 rushing yards on Sunday, the fourth-highest single-game total the team has ever logged. Not surprisingly, the Buccaneers have won every game in the top five on that list. They've also scored at least 27 points in each of those five games, and averaged exactly 35 points across the five contests. Most Rushing Yards, Single Game, Buccaneers History Overall, Tampa Bay finished the win over the 49ers with 513 net yards of offense, tied for the fourth-most in a single gamein team history. The Buccaneers have now cracked 500 yards in six games, and half of them have come in the last two years, with Dirk Koetter calling the plays. Now the team's head coach, Koetter was the Buccaneers' offensive coordinator in 2015. Tampa Bay also put up 472 yards of total offense in a loss to the Los Angeles Rams in Week Three, which is the 11th-highest mark in team history. Five of those 11 have come with Koetter at the helm of the offense. Most Net Yards, Single Game, Buccaneers History We added columns showing the breakdown of those overall yardage totals into passing and rushing yards in order to highlight how balanced Tampa Bay's attack was on Sunday at Levi's Stadium. As you can see, that game marked the first time that the Buccaneers have ever surpassed 240 yards passing and 240 yards rushing in the same game. Running into a stacked defense on the Bucs' final play from scrimmage on Sunday, Barber lost a yard; otherwise, this would have been a cleaner 250/250 combination. Still, the Buccaneers are one of only two teams to have fielded such a balanced and productive offense in a single game in 2016, with at least 240 rushing yards and 240 passing yards in the same outing. The Cincinnati Bengals pulled off the same feat on the same day, with 288 passing yards and 271 rushing yards in a win over Cleveland on Sunday. That's not a particularly common occurrence; in fact, it has happened only 56 times since the 1970 AFL-NFL merger, an average of just 1.2 times per season across the entire NFL. Tampa Bay's offense also moved the chains with regularity on Sunday, compiling 27 total first downs. That's tied for the 10th-best single-game mark in franchise history, but it's not even the Bucs' top total of 2016. Tampa Bay also had 30 first downs in that aforementioned Week Three outing against the Rams, which tied the team record. Overall, the Buccaneers have 133 first downs through six games in 2013, an average of 22.2 per contest. If they can maintain that pace, the Bucs would finish the campaign with 355 first downs, which would break the team record, set at 344 in 1984. Tampa Bay's 94-yard march ending in Mike Evans' four-yard touchdown catch in the second quarter on Sunday was the team's longest scoring drive of the season so far, surpassing a 92-yarder in the Week One win over Atlanta. The Bucs also had two 77-yard TD drives in the win over the Niners, which means three of their four longest scoring possessions of the year came in the same game. Comparable drive data is available on the excellent Pro Football Reference website back through the 1998 season. Since then, the Buccaneers have only produced three TD drives of 77 or more yards in the same game eight times, and half of them have come under Koetter's direction. The Bucs pulled off the same feat last year in wins over Atlanta (Dec. 6) and Philadelphia (Nov. 22) and in a loss to Carolina (Oct. 4).	https://www.buccaneers.com/news/quizz-show-repeat-against-san-francisco-17950326
Additional Participating Entity: Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Lubbock, Texas Aviation Accident Factual Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms http://registry.faa.gov/N8191B Location: Big Spring, TX Accident Number: GAA18CA152 Date & Time: 03/08/2018, 2015 CST Registration: N8191B Aircraft: PIPER PA 32R Aircraft Damage: Substantial Defining Event: Fuel exhaustion Injuries: 1 Minor Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal The pilot reported that although the airplane's fuel gauge was intermittent, he decided to depart on a night cross-country flight, and during the flight the engine lost power. He declared an emergency and selected a road to land on. During the landing, the airplane struck powerline wires and impacted the ground and came to rest inverted. The airplane sustained substantial damage to both wings, the engine mounts, the rudder and the horizontal stabilizer. Examination of the airplane by a Federal Aviation Administration Aviation Safety Inspector revealed that the fuel selector was set to the right-wing tank, and there was no usable fuel in the right-wing tank. The left-wing tank contained usable fuel. Per 14 CFR 91.205, no person may operate a powered civil aircraft with a standard category U.S. airworthiness certificate with an inoperative fuel gauge. Pilot Information Certificate: Private Age: 33, Male Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land Seat Occupied: Left Other Aircraft Rating(s): None Restraint Used: 3-point Instrument Rating(s): Airplane Second Pilot Present: No Instructor Rating(s): None Toxicology Performed: No Medical Certification: Class 3 Without Waivers/Limitations Last FAA Medical Exam: 03/06/2014 Occupational Pilot: No Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 06/10/2016 Flight Time: (Estimated) 530 hours (Total, all aircraft), 240 hours (Total, this make and model), 530 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 12 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 4 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 2 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft) Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information Aircraft Manufacturer: PIPER Registration: N8191B Model/Series: PA 32R 301T Aircraft Category: Airplane Year of Manufacture: 1980 Amateur Built: No Airworthiness Certificate: Normal Serial Number: 32R-8029084 Landing Gear Type: Retractable - Tricycle Seats: 6 Date/Type of Last Inspection: 05/11/2017, Annual Certified Max Gross Wt.: 3600 lbs Time Since Last Inspection: Engines: 1 Reciprocating Airframe Total Time: 2812.51 Hours as of last inspection Engine Manufacturer: Lycoming ELT: Installed, not activated Engine Model/Series: TIO540S1AD Registered Owner: On file Rated Power: 300 hp Operator: On file Operating Certificate(s) Held: None Meteorological Information and Flight Plan Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions Condition of Light: Night Observation Facility, Elevation: KMDD, 2803 ft msl Observation Time: 0215 UTC Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles Direction from Accident Site: 140° Lowest Cloud Condition: Temperature/Dew Point: 16°C / -4°C Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: 10 Miles Wind Speed/Gusts, Direction: 11 knots, 160° Visibility (RVR): Altimeter Setting: 29.98 inches Hg Visibility (RVV): Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation Departure Point: GEORGETOWN, TX (GTU) Type of Flight Plan Filed: None Destination: MIDLAND, TX (MDD) Type of Clearance: None Departure Time: 1830 CST Type of Airspace: Class G Airport Information Airport: MIDLAND AIRPARK (MDD) Runway Surface Type: Dirt; Grass/turf Airport Elevation: 2805 ft Runway Surface Condition: Dry Runway Used: N/A IFR Approach: None Runway Length/Width: VFR Approach/Landing: Forced Landing Wreckage and Impact Information Crew Injuries: 1 Minor Aircraft Damage: Substantial Passenger Injuries: N/A Aircraft Fire: None Ground Injuries: N/A Aircraft Explosion: None Total Injuries: 1 Minor Latitude, Longitude: 32.036667, -102.101667 (est) Friday, March 9, 2018 Piper PA-32R-301T, N8191B: Accident occurred March 08, 2018 in Big Spring, Texas No comments:	http://www.kathrynsreport.com/2018/03/piper-pa-32r-301t-n8191b-accident.html
1976 Toyota Corona years forever! "Wayne" Nov 2006 Saskatchewan, Canada 10001010011012 Posts \| \| ECM vs P1. I seem to recall a post about a year ago where someone said doing a P1 is like doing all ECM curves at once for the same B1/B2. Now if I misunderstood then the rest of this post might be gibberish. If I am on the right track then it would lead me to believe they run a very similar code base and should perform equally. However, I have a PC (granted old) that can do almost 2 GhzDays per day of P1 and less than 1.5 of ECM. If relevant the P1 was in the 64M range and ECM on Fermat 13 (8192). \|2014-01-02, 22:58\|\|#2\| \| \| Nov 2003 26·113 Posts \| \| Quote: take the time and effort to learn how these algorithms actually work??? Or are you part of the IGG that is too lazy or unmotivated to be bothered with something as trite as learning about this subject? Quote: I will assume that you mean "P-1" when you write P1. (1) Where did you get the idea that running P-1 was equivalent to doing all ECM curves at once? Running P-1 is equivalent to running a single elliptic curve. (2) Comparing ECM running on a number of 5678 digits versus running P-1 on a number of 44million digits is meshugah. Furthermore, I suspect that you were not running an FFT Stage 2 for P-1. Its memory requirements are so vast that the machine would be paging continuously. A machine running at (say) 2Ghz will yield 2Ghz days of CPU time per day unless it is busy paging. I expect that ECM was doing some paging and that you were only running Stage 1 of P-1. If not, please say what B1/B2 limits you were using. Were you using a GPU? How much memory does the machine have? \|2014-01-02, 23:06\|\|#3\| \| \| Account Deleted "Tim Sorbera" Aug 2006 San Antonio, TX USA 17·251 Posts \| \| Quote: I'd say instead that: In P-1 factoring, you are interested in the factorization of the number 1 less than P (). In ECM you are interested in the factorization of some specific number where is about the size of , (something like , which, roughly, means that the first half of the digits are the same as P and the rest are random) and can be calculated by a function where . Being able to choose different sigmas means that it's something like being able to run P-1 multiple times. Which means that P-1 is like running a single curve of ECM where . For Mersenne and Fermat numbers, this happens to nicely coincide with known facts about what their factors can be, making it much more efficient than ECM at similar bounds. Quote: Quote: Another smaller variable: What FFT size was being used in each test? Different CPUs can scale the speeds at different FFT sizes differently. At a guess, your assigned memory or memory bandwidth is lower than the reference machine's. You might be able to improve this by upping the memory Prime95 can use, and using the fastest dual-channel memory configuration possible for your setup. Last fiddled with by Mini-Geek on 2014-01-02 at 23:10 \|2014-01-02, 23:10\|\|#4\| \| \| If I May "Chris Halsall" Sep 2002 Barbados 221068 Posts \| \| \|2014-01-02, 23:27\|\|#5\| \| \| 1976 Toyota Corona years forever! "Wayne" Nov 2006 Saskatchewan, Canada 43·103 Posts \| \| Quote: \|2014-01-02, 23:54\|\|#6\| \| \| Nov 2003 26·113 Posts \| \| or ECM in an efficient manner. What code are you using? Are you using GMP-ECM? It allows one to limit memory usage in Step 2 by partitioning the data that is generated into pieces. Of course, one pays a penalty for this partitioning. How much of a penalty depends on the size of the pieces relative to the amount of total memory. Your computer is simply underpowered and undersized by current standards. You would be well advised to spend a few bucks and buy more memory. For (say) $50 you will enhance your performance by a fair bit. \|2014-01-02, 23:59\|\|#7\| \| \| Nov 2003 1C4016 Posts \| \| Quote: Lack of fundamentals is correctable. It just requires motivation and dedication. We can help guide you. How much mathematics have you studied? Do you have a STEM degree? How well did you do in your math classes in high school? \|2014-01-03, 01:26\|\|#8\| \| \| May 2013 East. Always East. 172710 Posts \| \| Message deleted by TheMawn Last fiddled with by TheMawn on 2014-01-03 at 01:28 Reason: Duplicate Post somehow \|2014-01-03, 01:28\|\|#9\| \| \| May 2013 East. Always East. 32778 Posts \| \| Quote: \|2014-01-03, 03:49\|\|#10\| \| \| 1976 Toyota Corona years forever! "Wayne" Nov 2006 Saskatchewan, Canada 43·103 Posts \| \| Quote: A University degree in Computer Science minoring in Math was completed 33 years ago. 33 years of IT work devoid of Math pretty much rusted all the math brain cells. Don't know what STEM is. And with a full time job still going; a wife and 4 kids and 3 grandkids and a hobby in music....as much as I would love to learn more about this stuff ... can't do it at this time That is why I need to concede that the best I can do is ask questions and hope someone is willing to give a quick and simple answer. Sorry...and thanks again. P.S. I agree that I should give this PC a proper burial. Plans are underway; in the meantime I hear CheeseHead "100.01 MPH > 100 MPH" Last fiddled with by petrw1 on 2014-01-03 at 03:50 \|2014-01-03, 10:46\|\|#11\| \| \| Nov 2003 26·113 Posts \| \| Quote: simple. As in this case. Understanding the performance of ECM and P-1 require fairly deep understanding not only of their underpinnings but also of computer architecture. Music? Consider how long it takes to learn to play (say) Chopin on the piano. People are willing to devote time to things they like. However, everyone here while claiming to be interested in this subject always show disdain for taking the time to learn it.	https://mersenneforum.org/showthread.php?s=046ea76dd0683d3455221fb3886dd828&t=17091&goto=nextnewest
NCEP Central Operations' Model Analyses and Guidance webpage features an easy-to-use interface providing access to all NCEP products, including model guidance, observations and analyses, and tropical guidance across several user-selectable domains. The use of Flash-based technology in image loops provides fast loading along with the ability to zoom in and out of static images. Please refer to the sites listed above to view the latest guidance from NCEP. For those unable to access loops utilizing Flash-based technology, the image loops below for the GFS and WRF-NAM models are available. The GFS (Global Forecast System) model produces forecasts out to 16 days, four times per day. The loop time steps are 6 hours from analysis time to 240 hours (10 days), then change to 12-hour time steps out to 384 hours (16 days). Map view options include NAmer (North American) and NPacific (North Pacfic). The WRF-NAM model (Weather and Research Forecast Model - North American Mesoscale) produces forecasts out to 3.5 days, four times per day. The loop time steps are 3 hours from analysis time to 84 hours. Map view options include NAmer (North American) and NPacific (North Pacfic). The WRF-NAM Hi-Res model (Weather and Research Forecast Model - North American Mesoscale) produces forecasts out to 1.5 days, four times per day. The loop time steps are 3 hours from analysis time to 36 hours. Map view options include CONUS (Contiguous United States).	https://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/weather_models.php
Listed below are details of the purpose of the job and what tasks are involved. It is important and advisable to refer to this when submitting your application for the post. Job Purpose: I’m a friendly woman, living in my own home with my partner. As we both have various health conditions, I would very much value your support with household tasks, running errands and limited personal care. Details: - Domestic support including laundry and cleaning my home. - Shopping, running errands and assisting me to attend occasional appointments. - Helping me to organise my medication. - Limited support with washing and dressing. Person specification Listed below are the skills, competencies and qualities that are essential and desirable for the post. My assessment of these, both on application and at interview, will be the main factor in determining if you are successful. Please refer to these when submitting your application. Essential - Car owner/driver with suitable business use insurance. - Female due to the personal care aspects of the role. - Hard-working and enthusiastic. Summary terms and conditions - The rate of pay for this position is £9.37 per hour. - You will be reimbursed for any agreed expenses incurred as part of the role. - Hours and times of work: 16 hours per week, to be worked generally over 4 days, from 10:30am-2:30pm with some flexibility to accommodate appointments etc. Exact days and times to be arranged at interview to suit both parties. - The annual holiday entitlement will be equivalent to the work I would normally expect to be done during 5.6 consecutive weeks. This post is subject to - A satisfactory enhanced Disclosure & Barring Service (DBS) check, the cost of which will be covered by the employer. - Satisfactory references from two referees, one of which must be your current or last employer. - Completion of a satisfactory probationary period. ‘To apply please click ‘Apply Now’ or ‘Call Now’ selecting option 2.	https://www.norfolkcarecareers.co.uk/vacancy/pa-carer-required-cromer-dpss596/
To calculate 174 Days to the corresponding value in Nanoseconds, multiply the quantity in Days by 86400000000000 (conversion factor). In this case we should multiply 174 Days by 86400000000000 to get the equivalent result in Nanoseconds: 174 Days x 86400000000000 = 1.50336E+16 Nanoseconds 174 Days is equivalent to 1.50336E+16 Nanoseconds. How to convert from Days to Nanoseconds The conversion factor from Days to Nanoseconds is 86400000000000. To find out how many Days in Nanoseconds, multiply by the conversion factor or use the Time converter above. One hundred seventy-four Days is equivalent to fifteen quadrillion thirty trillion Nanoseconds. Definition of Day A day (symbol: d) is a unit of time. In common usage, it is either an interval equal to 24 hours or daytime, the consecutive period of time during which the Sun is above the horizon. The period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun is called a solar day. Several definitions of this universal human concept are used according to context, need and convenience. In 1960, the second was redefined in terms of the orbital motion of the Earth, and was designated the SI base unit of time. The unit of measurement "day", redefined in 1960 as 86 400 SI seconds and symbolized d, is not an SI unit, but is accepted for use with SI. A civil day is usually 86 400 seconds, plus or minus a possible leap second in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and occasionally plus or minus an hour in those locations that change from or to daylight saving time. Definition of Nanosecond A nanosecond (symbol: ns) is an SI unit of time equal to one billionth of a second (10−9 or 1/1,000,000,000 s). One nanosecond is to one second as one second is to 31.71 years. The word nanosecond is formed by the prefix nano and the unit second. A nanosecond is equal to 1000 picoseconds or 1⁄1000 microsecond. Because the next SI unit is 1000 times larger, times of 10−8 and 10−7 seconds are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of nanoseconds. Times of this magnitude are commonly encountered in telecommunications, pulsed lasers and some areas of electronics. Using the Days to Nanoseconds converter you can get answers to questions like the following: - How many Nanoseconds are in 174 Days? - 174 Days is equal to how many Nanoseconds? - How to convert 174 Days to Nanoseconds? - How many is 174 Days in Nanoseconds? - What is 174 Days in Nanoseconds? - How much is 174 Days in Nanoseconds? - How many ns are in 174 d? - 174 d is equal to how many ns? - How to convert 174 d to ns? - How many is 174 d in ns? - What is 174 d in ns? - How much is 174 d in ns?	https://whatisconvert.com/174-days-in-nanoseconds
This module builds upon the techniques for approaching research design and data analysis that you learned in Year 1. The module covers understanding data, psychometric properties of questionnaires and psychological measures; reliability and validity; correlation and regression and qualitative methods. The content of this module covers many of the core skills required in line with the BPS guidelines for an accredited degree and is a prerequisite for Research methods and statistics 4. Because this module focuses on advanced statistical techniques, students are expected to possess adequate knowledge of the concepts covered in Year 1 research methods, as well as GCSE maths. This module will advance your skills and confidence when addressing research design and analysis, and is essential in preparing you for your Year 3 Dissertation. Understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods of collecting and analysing data. Practice collecting, transcribing and analysing qualitative data and generating a qualitative research report. Demonstrate an understanding of the basis of psychological testing, its applications, and related constructs including reliability, validity and discrimination power. Use their knowledge of psychological testing concepts to construct and evaluate a psychometric questionnaire. Analyze individual items with respect to their reliability and discrimination power. Use their knowledge of methodological concepts to evaluate and understand issues related to research design, the logic of hypothesis testing, data collection and interpretation. Apply their knowledge of research methods and statistics by analyzing data sets both by hand and on computer (including choosing appropriate analyses based on study hypotheses), producing graphical representations of data and interpreting results with respect to the hypotheses. Take a “data-driven” approach to interpreting statistical analyses and research methods by inferring research questions, choosing/conducting analyses and designing graphical representations of data and interpreting findings based on collected data.	https://www.bangor.ac.uk/courses/undergrad/modules/PRP-2001
This course surveys descriptive and inferential statistics with emphasis on practical applications of statistical analysis. The principles of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data are covered in this course. It examines the role of statistical analysis, terminology, the appropriate use of techniques, and interpretation of statistical findings through the applications and functions of statistical methods. This graduate course is 6 weeks. This course has a prerequisite. Please see details in the Prerequisite section below. PLEASE NOTE: Attendance and participation are mandatory in all university courses, and specific requirements may differ by course. If attendance requirements are not met, a student may be removed from the course. Please review the Course Attendance Policy in the Catalog for more information. Topics and Objectives Introduction to Statistics - Evaluate the use of statistics in real-world applications. - Describe descriptive and inferential statistical methods and the fundamental elements of statistics. - Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative variables. - Create visual representations of quantitative and qualitative data. - Describe the distribution of quantitative data in terms of shape, center, and spread. Probability Concepts, Central Tendency, and Variability - Calculate central tendency and variability in the context of data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points. - Differentiate between discrete, continuous, and conditional probability. - Describe how independence and conditional probability are applied in interpreting data. - Calculate probabilities of compound events in a uniform probability model by applying the rules of probability. - Evaluate the need to calculate expected values for the purpose of solving problems. - Describe how the characteristics of standard normal distribution and the Empirical Rule can be used to interpret the significance of standard deviation. Introduction to Inferential Statistics and Test of Hypothesis - Evaluate the steps of hypothesis testing. - Determine the distribution of the sample mean and the distribution of the sample. - Distinguish an hypothesis regarding a population proportion verses a hypothesis regarding a population mean. - Distinguish between the t-test and z-test. - Determine statistically whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. - Interpret the results of a hypothesis test. Chi-square Applications - State the steps of the decision rule for a hypothesis regarding the standard deviation. - Perform a chi-square test using equal and unequal expected frequencies. - Determine normality using a goodness-of-fit test. - Interpret relative frequencies in the context of the data. - Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data using scatter plots. Regression and Correlation - Use technology to calculate coefficient of correlation and coefficient of determination. - Distinguish between correlation and causation. - Develop a single linear regression equation. - Predict the value of y for a given value of x using a single linear regression equation. - Apply analysis of residuals, standard error of estimate, confidence intervals, and prediction. Review of Topics and Objectives - Review course topics and objectives. - Apply statistics to real-world scenarios. Prerequisites This graduate level course requires proof of completion of a Bachelor's degree. Be prepared to provide documentation during the checkout process. During the checkout process you will be prompted to provide proof of the requirement(s). If you completed the prerequisite at another institution be prepared to upload an official/unofficial transcript. If you have questions about meeting the prerequisite requirements for this course please contact an enrollment representative at 866-345-1800. Disclaimers The University of Phoenix reserves the right to modify courses. While widely available, not all programs are available in all locations or in both online and on-campus formats. Please check with a University Enrollment Representative Transferability of credit is at the discretion of the receiving institution. It is the student’s responsibility to confirm whether or not credits earned at University of Phoenix will be accepted by another institution of the student’s choice. If you have a question please contact us at 866-345-1800.	https://continuing-ed.phoenix.edu/course?courseCode=mth/540
As a Student Trainee (Data Scientist) you will: • Conduct statistical analysis, modeling, and simulation to identify efficiencies in NSF programs and operations by researching, analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating difficult, but well precedented assignments. • Develop analytical approaches and analyzes data of qualitative, quantitative, structured, and data types using established techniques to select and modify appropriate methods of operation, analyze, and interpret results, and prepare reports. • Develop and monitor the application of models, tools, risk, and decision science techniques, operations research, mathematics, statistics, computer, and information sciences, economics, and related fields (e.g., quantitative policy analysis, data science, etc.) to develop and enhance NSF analytic capabilities under the guidance of a higher graded employee. Competencies: • Data Wrangling • Data Visualization • Mathematical Reasoning • Communicating Results • Oral Communication • Written Communication Travel Required Not required Supervisory status No Promotion Potential 09 - This position has a full performance level of GS-9 - Job family (Series) - - - - - This job originated on www.usajobs.gov. For the full announcement and to apply, visit www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/605309200. Only resumes submitted according to the instructions on the job announcement listed at www.usajobs.gov will be considered.	https://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/605309200
Data analysis in research Research analysis is one of the main steps of the research process, it is by far the most important steps of the research. How to analyze the data is an important question that every researcher asks. The researcher collects the data using one of the qualitative or quantitative methods of data collection. Data analysis highly depends on whether the data is a qualitative data or a quantitative data. What is data analysis? Data analysis is the process of scanning, examining and interpreting data available in tabulated form. The purpose of data analysis is to understand the nature of the data and reach a conclusion. Data analysis actually provides answers to the research questions or research problems that you have formulated. Without data analysis you cannot draw any conclusion. Data organization alone cannot help you in drawing conclusions but data analysis helps you in this regard. After analyzing data you get an organized and well examined form of data that can help you know whether your hypothesis got accepted or rejected. How to analyze data? There is not a single hard and fast rule for data analysis but you need to look at your data and decide on the method of data analysis. There are some basic tips you need to follow to analyze data in research papers and dissertations. - Data organization Organize your data before scanning, examining or interpreting it. Data organization is necessary because you cannot analyze haphazard data. You can arrange and organize data in tables or groups. This is easier to do if your data is quantitative on the other hand qualitative data is difficult to tabulate. You can first arrange your data in groups or categories and under each category you can tabulate the data. For qualitative data you have to follow different methods of data organization. Well organized data lends itself easily to analysis. - Graphical representation Now look at the tabulated data and make graphs to show the data in more clear form. Plotting graphs is necessary because it helps you in looking at the extreme points as well as the average points. You can use any one of the methods of graphs. You can use a statistical software to make graphs. Otherwise if you are good in statistics you can make the graphs yourself. Graphs will make the data more presentable and easy to comprehend. - Data explanation In the next step explain the data that is present in both tabulated and graphical forms. This explanation will help you draw main conclusions. Explore the graphs and tables and find out how you can write down the interpretation of your research study. You can correlate the variables and you can also explain the results. Try to make the interpretation specific and to the point. Extremely lengthy explanations are unnecessary in most cases, on the other hand a specific interpretation of the data is easy to understand. - Statistical methods In the last stage the hypothesis is rejected or accepted in the light of your interpretations. You have to confirm that your hypothesis proved right or it proved wrong. You can use any one of the statistical methods for confirmation of the hypothesis. Generally you can use ANOVA , t-test, z-test or chi square to test the hypothesis. There are also software that can help you in this regard. You can also get help of a statistician to apply statistical methods to your research. Statistical application is important because it makes your research valid and generalizable.	http://readingcraze.com/index.php/294/
In our M.E.A.L. series we have learned about the design, planning and data collection phases. In this new module, we will have a look at the fourth phase of the System: the analysis of the data. The Data Analysis Framework The data your project team has collected so far now becomes useful through analysis, visualization, and interpretation. Data analysis is a process by which you bring order and structure to the data you’ve collected, turning individual pieces of data into actionable information. Through data visualization, on the other hand, you bring the data into a chart, graph, or other visual format that helps inform the analysis. This process allows you to interpret and communicate your results. Then, with the process of interpreting the data, you attach meaning to them. The purpose of interpretation is to answer key learning questions about your project. The three processes should support, shape, and influence each other in an iterative process that makes the data useful and more meaningful. Introduction to Data Analysis As noted above, data analysis is the process of bringing order and structure to collected data. Since, as we know, data can be quantitative or qualitative, obviously there are data analysis methods for both: quantitative data analysis is a numerical analysis and easily visualized using a graph, chart, or map. Quantitative data is analyzed using quantitative, statistical methods and computer packages; while qualitative analysis, also called “content analysis,” involves working with words, like transcripts of discussions. Qualitative analysis can be aided by software, but is most often done using paper and pens. By picking up your PMP and reviewing it, you can find practical guidance on how to conduct data analysis (in the column means of analysis). It will tell you which data you will analyze, when and how you will analyze it, and how you will use your results. The goal of data analysis is to provide timely and relevant responses to stakeholders, learn effectively, and find ways to make your data as useful as possible. The timing of data analysis depends on when the data are collected and the timing of stakeholder information needed. Output-level data change rapidly, so they are analyzed more frequently than data at the level of intermediate outcomes and strategic objectives in the logframe. Often the analysis and interpretation is done before an important quarterly project meeting or report deadline, or as part of an evaluation. Being able to coordinate the data analysis with the overall project implementation schedule is critical, as you must remember that your goal is to provide timely and relevant responses to stakeholders. Download this module to know more about quantitave data, the mistakes and errors you might encounter and for an introduction to qualitative analysis. MODULE 7: Analyzing M.E.A.L. Data – Download Find the previous modules here. If you are interested in knowing more about project writing and evaluation and would like to have the assistance of professionals, you can email us at [email protected]. At SIGNIS Services Rome we are experts in the sector and have been involved in project writing for the creation and development of communications projects all over the world for decades. *This content was curated by Valeria Appolloni and inspired by the materials published on Kaya, published for non-commercial and educational use.	https://www.signisrome.net/2021/12/16/analyzing-m-e-a-l-data/
Students with an interest in Planning Foundations will be asked to complete a core set of courses, which will provide them with a thorough introduction to planning, a solid understanding of qualitative and quantitative research methods most commonly utilized in the field of planning, valuable project management techniques, and social planning tools that will prove especially valuable in the diverse planning context of the Greater Toronto Area. Ontario Secondary School Diploma or University/College Preparation. This course provides students with a thorough introduction to planning with a particular emphasis on theoretical and practical competencies used by planners and planning technologists on a daily basis. Policy frameworks such as the Planning Act and the Provincial Policy Statement are examined. Emerging issues and the role of ethics and values will also be explored. This course provides students with an understanding of those qualitative and quantitative research methods most commonly utilized in the field of planning. Social research methods such as interviews, observational research, and statistical analysis will be considered. Students also explore the key components of quantitative analysis, including collecting and presenting data, analyzing relationships between variables, and the testing of hypotheses. This course educates students on all facets of small- and large-scale planning projects, including scope, schedule, budget, timelines, communication tools, and project implementation. Students have the opportunity to gain applied experience in completing different projects of varying levels of complexity. This course focuses on those factors contributing to a broad range of disparities and challenges around planning and policy-making for diverse populations. Students are introduced to the theories and analytic tools necessary to respond to collective action and address issues around social equity and justice. Evaluate and analyze the roles and responsibilities of planning professionals. Support sustainable planning and development by applying planning theory and methodology, while adhering to jurisdictional planning legislation. Apply working knowledge of applications and techniques to solve practical planning problems. Apply qualitative and quantitative research methods in solving contemporary planning issues. Apply proper techniques pertaining to the collection and presentation of planning data and the testing of hypotheses. Manage projects and deliverables, taking into account scope, team composition and desired outcomes, and using project management principles, tools and techniques. Apply organizational and project management techniques to projects of varying levels of complexity. Evaluate the current and future needs of unique and diverse populations.	https://www.senecacollege.ca/ce/environment/environ-sustain/planning-foundations.html
Introduction To Statistics Definition Introduction to Statistics: The Greek term “Statistique,” the Latin word “Status,” the Italian word “Statista,” and the German word “Statistic” are the origins of the word statistics. The study, gathering, analysis, interpretation, and organising of data for various end goals are all considered statistics. Statistics make it simple and effective for a user to collect and analyse large amounts of numerical data. It is simple to define intoduction to statistics in both the plural and singular terms. Read: PCMB Career Option After Class 12 Introduction To Statistics in Plural Type Introduction to Statistics, as used in the plural, refers to the methodical gathering of numerical data and facts for a particular goal in a field of study. The following are the main traits of statistics in the plural sense: - Numerically expressed: Only numerical or quantitative data are included in statistics. Qualitative factors like beauty, intelligence, generosity, etc., are not considered in statistics. Instead, they can be measured by giving them a score or unit. - Facts as a whole: This means that since users cannot compare the numbers, they cannot be characterised as separate or isolated figures. - In connection to one another: The data is typically gathered to make comparisons in statistics. Therefore, homogenous data is crucial in order to get comparative numbers. - Reasonable accuracy: A reasonable standard of accuracy is used while gathering data for statistics. It implies that a great level of accuracy is not required in this profession as in mathematics or accountancy. - Affected by various causes: No single factor influences the statistical study of numerical facts or figures. - Predetermined goal: The study’s goal is predetermined since it aids in the methodical collecting and analysis of data and produces precise results. Introduction To Statistics- In The Singular Type Sense In the singular, the term “statistics” refers to the process of gathering, presenting, analysing, and interpreting numerical data for research. Various phases of the statistical study are: Gathering of data: The first step in the data collection process is choosing the appropriate data collection strategy for the study. Data analysis: Following the presentation, the data is examined in order to produce correct results. The basic techniques for doing this include interpolation, measures of dispersion, and measures of central tendency. Data interpretation: The application of the conclusions is the final step. Following the application of the comparisons, accurate forecasting is produced. Data organisation: After being gathered, the information is distilled so it may be compared. The data is gathered and categorised in this stage according to time and location. Data presentation: The third step is to present the organised data simply and attractively using graphs, charts, diagrams, and tables. Introduction to Statistics In Economics Introduction to Statistics in Economics, Economics heavily relies on statistics. Statistics makes understanding various economic issues and studying market structure easier. By developing proper economic policies, statistics also aid in resolving economic problems after they have been better understood. Statistics are used by every area of economics to support various economic theories. Statistics can also be used to build a mathematical relationship. The specific facts of economics can be presented by economists. They can also establish the causal connection between several data sets. Join the Saksham batch by Adda247. Importance Of Statistics - The inductive approach of generalisation was used to construct the economic laws that statistics assist in developing, including the Law of Demand, Law of Supply, Elasticity of Demand, Elasticity of Supply, etc. - A mathematical relationship between the various economic factors can also be estimated by an economist. - An economy deals with a variety of issues, including unemployment, poverty, etc. Statistics aid an economy in comprehending and effectively resolving these economic issues through the use of various methodologies and tools. - Different market arrangements, such as monopolies, oligopolies, and perfect competition, are present in an economy. It is crucial to analyse these market structures for better outcomes and functionality. Statistics aid in the analysis by comparing the firms’ costs, profits, and pricing. - In the end, statistics are useful in understanding how various economic concepts behave. For instance, by taking into account various supply and demand variables, the laws of supply and demand are utilised to comprehend consumer behaviour towards the purchase and use of a good or service. Functions Of Statistics Formulation And Hypothesis Testing: To test a hypothesis, you must run a fictitious scenario in order to see how it performs. As a result, a variety of statistical techniques and tools aid an economist in developing and evaluating the hypothesis. Expansion Of Knowledge And Experience: By applying statistics and engaging in various statistical methods, a person might broaden their knowledge and experience. A person’s capacity for thought and reasoning is also increased by statistics, which finally aids in the development of a logical conclusion. Fact Comparisons: One of statistics’ core tasks is to compare facts and figures for a predetermined goal. This is because absolute numbers cannot express a more meaningful concrete meaning. In light of this, it is possible to compare the relationship between two data sets or groups using a variety of statistical techniques, including ratio, average, percentages, rates, and so forth. Simplifying Complex Information: Analyzing large amounts of complex information is challenging. A layman cannot understand the complicated phrases and information offered in the analysis and conclusions of the study. Therefore, a user or economist can display complex data in a comprehensible and straightforward manner by using various statistical methodologies. Forecasting: There is a lot of uncertainty and risk in business. Therefore, in order to get ready for any form of shift, businesses and the economy alike must foresee the future. Forecasting that is correct and precise aids in lowering uncertainty. For this aim, one can use different statistical methods such as time series analysis, interpolation, etc., since they can help make a projection of the future. Presentation Of Facts In Their Definite Form: Statistics aids in the presentation of facts by employing figures that accurately reflect the data. Presenting qualitative facts about data instead of quantitative figures can not communicate the data well. Limitations Of Statistics It Can Be Abused: There is a high likelihood of abuse and incorrect results if statistical methods are not applied by a knowledgeable, trained, unbiased, and expert person. A person with biases might change the data to suit their objectives and desires. Only On Average Are Its Findings Accurate: Only on average is a statistician’s conclusion true. This means that even while a class of 50 students has an average grade of 60, not all of them will have the same grade. One student could receive 30 or 40 points. It Only Needs Homogeneous, Uniform Data: If the information acquired is not homogeneous, an economist will be unable to do a statistical analysis. It Disregards The Qualitative Aspect: It does not consider elements that cannot be described quantitatively. To conduct research, it is necessary to translate qualitative characteristics like goodness, honesty, caring, health, intelligence, etc., into quantitative measures. Individual Phrases Are Not Taken Into Account: As implied by the definition of statistics, which solely deals with the whole of information. For instance, it takes into account class averages rather than the grades of a single student. Introduction To Statistics- FAQs Ques 1. Which data cannot be statistically analysed? Ans. Only quantitative data are dealt with by statistics; qualitative data are not properly dealt with by statistics. There is no way to quantify goodness, honesty, or beauty. Ques 2. What term is statistics employed as? Ans. The word ‘statistics’ is used as Singular and Plural. Ques 3. What are the eleventh-grade statistics course’s main purposes? Ans. Yes, statistics are a crucial instrument for researching and comprehending a nation’s economic issues. Ques 4. What are some statistics applications? Ans. The practice of applied statistics uses data analysis to assist in defining and determining organisational needs. Applied statistics is the foundation of data analysis.	https://www.adda247.com/school/introduction-to-statistics/
The Evaluation Project Management Associate will be responsible for completing project tasks to support senior management, including collecting data, managing data entry and transcription, cleaning data, analyzing data, and writing report drafts. Data collection duties include developing interview protocols, facilitating and note-taking for interviews and focus groups, observing, and using Qualtrics to program web surveys. Managing data entry and transcription and data cleaning involves working with a small team of student workers to ensure high quality data is entered. Data analysis involves conducting basic quantitative analysis using SPSS to conduct frequencies and cross-tabulations, as well as conducting thematic coding of qualitative data using NVivo software. The Evaluation Project Management Associate will write summaries of analyzed quantitative and qualitative data to develop evaluation reports, in coordination with project managers. Requirements: One semester (five class) towards a bachelor’s degree in a social or behavioral science field plus one year of experience collecting data, completing data entry, and analyzing data required; equivalent education/experience considered. Knowledge of social science research, quantitative and qualitative analysis necessary. Experience in conducting interviews, data entry, transcription, coding qualitative data, conducting basic analysis of quantitative data, and report writing essential. Must have ability to manage data entry and transcription process completed by student workers. Preferred: Bachelor’s degree in social or behavioral science field preferred. One year of experience in transcribing and report writing desirable. Experience with NVivo, SPSS and/or Qualtrics Web Survey software useful. View the job description and apply online here.	https://blog.unmc.edu/cophjobs/2021/02/23/evaluation-project-management-associate/2/
A Market research analyst works collecting and assimilating data and interpreting it in order to identify changes and forecast trends. A market research analyst works either for a company in commercial, government and voluntary sectors, or can work on a freelance or consultancy basis. They gather together data from diverse sources and analyse this to produce results, which are then presented back to the client. They may also be asked to make recommendations based on the findings. They usually specialise in either quantitative or qualitative research. Quantitative research involves working with large amounts of information from statistics from structured questionnaires and can be used to identify attitudes, behaviours or patterns of sales. Qualitative research is usually based on one to one interviews or focus groups. These are more unstructured and have to be interpreted by the market research analyst. They can show underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations and take longer to complete. Work Activities - Design questionnaires and advising on methodology of collection of data - Collect data and assimilate statistics, using statistical software - Monitor progress data collection - Collate information and interpret data for clients. - Make recommendations based on the data collected. - Present findings to clients in an understandable way - Manage a team of data collectors and data input - Negotiate and agree contracts for research projects - Manage focus groups, carry out interviews and conduct surveys. - Manage budgets. - The work is deadline driven and so may be stressful. - Salaries if you are working for a company are usually enhanced with bonuses, and could include benefits such as life insurance, gym membership - Hours vary depending on whether you are working in quantitative or qualitative research. Quantitative tend to be office hours such as 9-5, though you may be asked to work longer in order to meet a deadline. However, if you are working in qualitative research you may have to work at unsocial hours in order to make contact with your survey respondents. - The work is office based though you may have to meet clients elsewhere in the UK or abroad. - Promotion is to senior analyst, accounts director, research executive or into management - Also called data analysts. Graduate vacancies may be advertised as research assistants or as graduate trainees. Personal Qualities and Skills Key skills for market research analysts - Able to cope with fast paced work and under pressure - Accuracy - A curious mind and the ability to pay attention to detail - A strong analytical mind. - Have the ability to notice patterns within statistics - Have an interest in psychology and behaviour - Good organisational skills - Confident presentation skills to show findings to clients. - Be business aware - Methodical and pay attention to detail - Training in statistics or the willingness to learn - Excellent communication skills both spoken and written. - Have strong IT skills and have knowledge of or be keen to learn statistical software packages - Be able to be flexible and work as part of a team. Pay And Opportunities Typical employers of market research analysts - Most opportunities are in the South east though there are opportunities in other parts of the UK. You could also work abroad - Market research companies, consultancies, can be commissioned by government, businesses e.g. advertising companies and charities. - The government is a large employer of market research analysts - Can be self-employed or on a contract basis but only after spending time within the industry. - 25% of the workforce are employed part time - You can find vacancies in specialist publications, on line jobsites, Ipsos Mori website and local newspapers. - Recruitment agencies commonly handle vacancies. Qualifications Qualifications and training required Most workers in the sector have a degree and common subjects for quantitative researchers are maths, statistics, economics or business. For qualitative posts degrees are often in social science or humanities. However, sometimes a degree subject is not specified. There is information on accredited degrees from the Royal Statistical Society. Having a postgraduate qualification could be an advantage. It is possible to work up from a market researcher post and it is possible to enter the profession through an apprenticeship. Most training is in house. Though you can take accredited qualifications through the Market Research Society. There is an ongoing commitment to continuous professional development.	https://targetcareers.co.uk/924439-market-research-analyst
The Quantitative and quantitative variables Are properties that can change and whose fluctuation is observable in some way. In this way, qualitative variables speak of properties that can not be measured with numbers and the quantitative ones include those to which a numerical value can be assigned Bonton, The branch of science that is responsible for studying the behavior of qualitative and quantitative variables is statistics. In this way, it analyzes the numerically measurable variables and the abstractions that can not be measured and whose estimation depends on the individual who perceives them Statistics, Within the qualitative variables we can find two types: nominal and ordinal. The first type refers to those variables that do not have an order criterion, while the second type obeys the variables that follow a pattern of order or belong to a scale of value. The quantitative variables are classified as discrete and continuous, the first being those defined by a finite number of elements 1, 2, 3, etc. Qualitative variables include all observable qualities or characteristics of a group or population that can not be measured numerically. They are usually associated with a physical attribute quality of a group of individuals. These variables can be divided into two types: nominal lacking a criterion of order and ordinal they have a criterion of order Andale, Statistics How To, Nominal qualitative variables are those that lack or do not admit a criterion of order and do not have an assigned numerical value. An example of such variables may be marital status married, single, divorced, widowed. Ordinary qualitative variables are known as semi-quantitative variables. Although they allude to attributes or qualities that lack a numerical value, they are classified within a scale of value. An example of this type of variables can be the result of a sport competition first, second or third place. Terror, a concept that can not be measured. This is a nominal qualitative variable, since it can not be measured numerically. Fear is a variable that changes according to the person who feels it and fluctuates depending on the situation in which they feel when reacting to a particular event or event. Hunger can not be measured numerically, so it is considered as a qualitative ordinal variable. This variable can only be perceived by the person who feels it and can be classified in a lot, little or nothing, according to the specific situation or time. This variable is a concept that can only be measured by the individual who interprets it. Beauty is a quality that lacks numerical value and can not be classified within a ladder. Therefore, it is a nominal qualitative variable. The marital status of a person is a nominal qualitative variable to which a numerical value can not be assigned. It is a concept that has no specific order established. This variable can not be measured numerically because it depends on the value that each person assigns. Happiness is a property that each individual feels subjectively and there is no tool to measure the degree of happiness that a person can feel. This variable can not be measured numerically and is expressed in attitudes and point moments. The variable that determines how useful an object is is clearly qualitative. In this way, utility is perceived by each individual according to a specific situation. This is a qualitative ordinal variable, since there is a categorical classification that assigns a place within a competition. In this way the gold, silver and bronze medals denote the place occupied in a competition without the necessity of assigning a numeric value to the results. This variable is qualitative since the creativity can not be measured numerically. Likewise, it is a factor that varies from person to person depending on the specific moment in which it takes place. Quantitative variables, as the name implies, are those that can be expressed by a numerical value. In this way it is feasible to perform operations and mathematical calculations with them.Statistics is all about study and collection of data. In our earlier topic, we have discussed primary and secondary data. Primary data is the data acquired by the researcher to address the problem at hand, which is classified as qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data is a data concerned with descriptions, which can be observed but cannot be computed. On the contrary, quantitative data is the one that focuses on numbers and mathematical calculations and can be calculated and computed. These data types are used in a number of fields like marketing, sociology, business, public health and so on. Take a read of this article to know the difference between qualitative and quantitative data. Basis for Comparison Qualitative Data Quantitative Data Meaning Qualitative data is the data in which the classification of objects is based on attributes and properties. Quantitative Data is the type of data which can be measured and expressed numerically. How many or How much? Sample Small number of non-representative samples Large number of representative samples Outcome Develops initial understanding. Recommends final course of action. Qualitative Data refers to the data that provides insights and understanding about a particular problem. It can be approximated but cannot be computed. Hence, the researcher should possess complete knowledge about the type of characteristic, prior to the collection of data. The nature of data is descriptive and so it is a bit difficult to analyze it. This type of data can be classified into categories, on the basis of physical attributes and properties of the object. The data is interpreted as spoken or written narratives rather than numbers. It is concerned with the data that is observable in terms of smell, appearance, taste, feel, texture, gender, nationality and so on. The methods of collecting qualitative data are:. Difference Between Qualitative Analysis and Quantitative Analysis Quantitative Data, as the name suggests is one which deals with quantity or numbers. It refers to the data which computes the values and counts and can be expressed in numerical terms is called quantitative data. In statistics, most of the analysis are conducted using this data. Quantitative data may be used in computation and statistical test.Signs you have strong energy It is concerned with measurements like height, weight, volume, length, size, humidity, speed, age etc. The tabular and diagrammatic presentation of data is also possible, in the form of charts, graphs, tables, etc. Further, the quantitative data can be classified as discrete or continuous data. The fundamental points of difference between qualitative and quantitative data are discussed below:. So, for the collection and measurement of data, any of the two methods discussed above can be used. Although both have its merits and demerits, i.Between qualitative and quantitative analysis, one can identify a key difference. Let us approach this topic in the following manner. When conducting research, it is very important to decide on the methodology depending upon the focus of study. There are two ways to go about an analysis, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis. There are many who cannot differentiate between the two concepts and think of them as same which is incorrect. If analysis can be thought of as a continuum, quantitative analysis lies at one extreme and qualitative would obviously lie at the other extreme. This article will explain the differences between the two terms decisively to remove all kinds of doubts. Qualitative Analysis is used when the researcher wishes to analyze data that are subjective and not numerical. This includes data such as life experiences, opinions, attitudesetc. Let us examine this through an example. In the social sciences, a study is being conducted to comprehend the experience of victims of sexual abuse. The researcher gathers information which reveals the subjective experience of victims. They describe the event, their attitudes, their emotionsetc. These cannot be analyzed through statistics, and should be interpreted with the usage of qualitative means. Hence, the researcher turns to qualitative analysis. Qualitative research often involves the study of behavior and the reasons behind it. This type of analysis is more concerned with how and why instead of what, where and when which are more focused upon when conducting quantitative research. What is Quantitative Analysis? Unlike in the case of qualitative analysis, in the quantitative analysis the data is analyzed through statistical means. Let us comprehend this through an example. If s person is made to undergo a blood test, and it confirms that alcohol percentage is 0. Thus, the major difference between a quantitative and qualitative analysis pertains to numbers and quantities. The names of the two types of analysis are an indicator of the way analysis is conducted. When the analysis involves measurements and statistics, it is a quantitative analysis. On the other hand, a non numerical analysis that deals with quality for example comparing traitsspecies, genus, etc. If you have to describe the color of a solution in chemistry lab, you are doing qualitative analysis, whereas if you wish to find out the quantity of solute needed in the solution to turn the color of the solution faint green, you are involved in quantitative analysis. Quantitative Analysis: In the quantitative analysis the data is analyzed through statistical means. Qualitative Analysis: This can be used to explore attitudes, behavior, nature of experience, etc. Quantitative Analysis: This can be used for presenting percentages or any form of statistically significant data. Quantitative Data: Definition, Types, Analysis and Examples Her research interests are mainly in the fields of Sociology, Applied linguistics, Sociolinguistics, and Linguistic anthropology. She is currently employed as a lecturer. Leave a Reply Cancel reply.This paper presents an overview of an approach to the quantitative analysis of qualitative data with theoretical and methodological explanations of the two cornerstones of the approach, Alternating Least Squares and Optimal Scaling. Using these two principles, my colleagues and I have extended a variety of analysis procedures originally proposed for quantitative interval or ratio data to qualitative nominal or ordinal data, including additivity analysis and analysis of variance; multiple and canonical regression; principal components; common factor and three mode factor analysis; and multidimensional scaling. The approach has two advantages: a If a least squares procedure is known for analyzing quantitative data, it can be extended to qualitative data; and b the resulting algorithm will be convergent. Three completely worked through examples of the additivity analysis procedure and the steps involved in the regression procedures are presented. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Rent this article via DeepDyve. Tenenhaus, M. Principal components analysis of qualitative variables. Report No. Google Scholar. Les Cahiers de Recherche No. A normalized cone regression approach to alternating least squares algorithms. Unpublished note, University of Leiden, b. A program for principal components analysis of mixed data which uses the alternating least squares method. Unpublished mimeo, Leiden University, Young, F.Intro to Hypothesis Testing in Statistics - Hypothesis Testing Statistics Problems \u0026 Examples The general Euclidean Model. Benzecri, J. Bock, R. Methods and applications of optimal scaling. Burt, C. The factorial analysis of qualitative data. British Journal of Psychology, Statistical Section, 3— Scale analysis and factor analysis.Qualitative data collection process may be assessed through two different points of view—that of the questionnaire and the respondents. There are different methods of analysis which vary according to the type of data we are investigating. In statistics, there are two main types of data, namely; quantitative data and qualitative data. For the sake of this article, we will be considering one of these two, which is the qualitative data. Qualitative data is a type of data that describes information. It is investigative and also often open-ended, allowing respondents to fully express themselves. Numbers like national identification number, phone number, etc. Examples of qualitative data include sex male or femalename, state of origin, citizenship, etc. A more practical example is a case whereby a teacher gives the whole class an essay that was assessed by giving comments on spelling, grammar, and punctuation rather than score. Qualitative Data can be divided into two types, namely; Nominal and Ordinal Data. In statistics, nominal data also known as nominal scale is a classification of categorical variables, that do not provide any quantitative value. It is sometimes referred to as labelled or named data. This is not true in some cases where nominal data takes a quantitative value. However, this quantitative value lacks numeric characteristics. Unlike, interval or ratio data, nominal data cannot be manipulated using available mathematical operators. For example, a researcher may need to generate a database of the phone numbers and location of a certain number of people. An online survey may be conducted using a closed open-ended question. The best way to collect this data will be through closed open-ended options.Sales account The country code will be a closed input option, while the phone number will be open. Thus, ordinal data is a collection of ordinal variable s. For example, the data collected from asking a question with a Likert scale is ordinal. Other examples of ordinal data include the severity of a software bug critical, high, medium, lowfastness of a runner, hotness of food, etc. In some cases, ordinal data is classified as a quantitative data type or said to be in between qualitative and quantitative. This is because ordinal data exhibit both quantitative and qualitative characteristics.Gathered data is frequently not in a numerical form allowing immediate appliance of the quantitative mathematical-statistical methods. In this paper are some basic aspects examining how quantitative-based statistical methodology can be utilized in the analysis of qualitative data sets. The transformation of qualitative data into numeric values is considered as the entrance point to quantitative analysis. Concurrently related publications and impacts of scale transformations are discussed. Subsequently, it is shown how correlation coefficients are usable in conjunction with data aggregation constrains to construct relationship modelling matrices. For illustration, a case study is referenced at which ordinal type ordered qualitative survey answers are allocated to process defining procedures as aggregation levels. Finally options about measuring the adherence of the gathered empirical data to such kind of derived aggregation models are introduced and a statistically based reliability check approach to evaluate the reliability of the chosen model specification is outlined. In this paper some aspects are discussed how data of qualitative category type, often gathered via questionnaires and surveys, can be transformed into appropriate numerical values to enable the full spectrum of quantitative mathematical-statistical analysis methodology. Therefore the impacts of the chosen valuation-transformation from ordinal scales to interval scales and their relations to statistical and measurement modelling are studied. This is applied to demonstrate ways to measure adherence of quantitative data representation to qualitative aggregation assessments-based on statistical modelling.Geet december 2 Finally an approach to evaluate such adherence models is introduced. Concurrent a brief epitome of related publications is given and examples from a case study are referenced. This differentiation has its roots within the social sciences and research. A brief comparison of this typology is given in [ 12 ]. An elaboration of the method usage in social science and psychology is presented in [ 4 ]. A precis on the qualitative type can be found in [ 5 ] and for the quantitative type in [ 6 ]. A comprehensive book about the qualitative methodology in social science and research is [ 7 ]. Since both of these methodic approaches have advantages on their own it is an ongoing effort to bridge the gap between, to merge, or to integrate them. The research on mixed method designs evolved within the last decade starting with analysis of a very basic approach like using sample counts as quantitative base, a strict differentiation of applying quantitative methods to quantitative data and qualitative methods to qualitative data, and a significant loose of context information if qualitative data e. The main mathematical-statistical method applied thereby is cluster-analysis [ 10 ]. Model types with gradual differences in methodic approaches from classical statistical hypothesis testing to complex triangulation modelling are collected in [ 11 ]. Recently, it is recognized that mixed methods designs can provide pragmatic advantages in exploring complex research questions. However, the analytic process of analyzing, coding, and integrating unstructured with structured data by applying quantizing qualitative data can be a complex, time consuming, and expensive process. In [ 12 ], Driscoll et al. A way of linking qualitative and quantitative results mathematically can be found in [ 13 ]. There are fuzzy logic-based transformations examined to gain insights from one aspect type over the other.Qualitative data can be defined as the type of data that characterizes and approximates but cannot measure the properties, attributes, or characteristics of a phenomenon or a thing. The data can also be recorded and observed are generally non-numerical in value. The scientists doing any type of research implement the qualitative data to chalk out the characterizations of polling demographics.Baldi dies mod download These were employed to create a strategy on how to get the required vote in certain ways. Qualitative data are a collection of various types of information, collected via methods like one to one interview, observations, organizing a focus group, and many others like this. The other name of this data is categorical data as it can be arranged categorically depending on the properties, phenomenon or a thing. Qualitative data can be classified into two types namely Ordinal and Nominal Data. Let us see each of them clearly as below. It is a classification of the categorical variables that do not offer any quantitative value. The other names of nominal data are labeled data or named data. This type of data is used to name or label different types of variables without disclosing any quantitative value. Nominal data is not easy to manipulate by the application of mathematical operators unlike ratio or interval data. For instance, a researcher may require creating a database of the location and phone numbers of a group of people. An online survey like a name with a phone number and country code can be created. The country code will be on the closed input alternative, while the phone number should be open. This type of qualitative data includes the variables that have ordered and natural categories. But the distance between these categories of the data is not exactly known. The best example of ordinal data is the severity of a bug in the software, spiciness of the food, speed of the runner and many more. In some cases, ordinal data is referred to as being in between the quantitative and qualitative data. This is because it can involve the attributes of both types of data. - Chinese diesel heater setting - Dropbox api examples - Garena topup my - Oscp ralph - Gta online turbo start solo - Kde full screen launcher - Mockserver 404 - Automation in powerpoint presentations - Simran kaur modeling hot sexxy video new - One block download - Arduino inverter with feedback - Allstar dvswitch - Android image background removal github - Install zenity termux - Google sheets multiple linear regression - Angular leaflet - Conto economico pdi - Iphone calculator hack - 480v to 220v transformer - Eu4 clausewitz editor - Cara memindahkan video viu ke laptop - Insegnamenti a.a. 2016 ..	https://pwp.grc1legretrowave.pw/qualitative-and-quantitative-models-for-ordinal-data-analysis.html
This module aims to develop your knowledge and understanding of research methods in education. Working from research questions that might inform your future dissertation, the module builds on the Part 1 module: Researching Learning. You will cover fundamentals of a good research design and data collection and analysis, including both qualitative and quantitative techniques, with the research question always being central. The module will cover the steps necessary to prepare for your dissertation project. You will be encouraged to be critical and analytical. You will work independently and collaboratively and will benefit from feedback from both your tutors and your peers. Aims and Objectives Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes Having successfully completed this module you will be able to: - Manage research projects in educational settings; - Actively investigate issues and collect evidence to assess their validity; - Report and effectively communicate the results of investigations; - Report educational research findings in an appropriate format; - Design research instruments and select appropriate data analysis techniques for qualitative and quantitative educational data; - Design your own piece of research, from initial research question to research design and data collection; - Critically evaluate and interpret information; - Recognise the need to manage time and personnel. - Carry out a range of qualitative and quantitative data analyses; - Design, analyse, and evaluate quantitative and qualitative data and evidence; - Use appropriate statistical and other research software; - Know how to design an original research project; - Know methods to design appropriate research instruments for collecting primary data from educational contexts; - Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of research design for education; Syllabus Topics normally covered in this module will include: - An introduction to designing a good research question for a dissertation project; - Research design, including but not limited to issues like design setup and sampling; - Collecting data: observation, interview, focus groups and questionnaires as research methods; - Analysing qualitative (educational) data, for example ‘codes and themes’ and grounded theory; - Analysing quantitative (educational) data with SPSS (or other statistical software): this builds on Part 1 with two-group designs, ANOVA, basic regression; - Reporting data analysis results; - Structuring a research project; Learning and Teaching Teaching and learning methods A mix of lectures and seminars normally in two-hour sessions supported by directed reading and additional practical research activities. The sessions will include peer feedback and assessment opportunities, and whole group interactive teaching. Where useful, technology will be used to support the session (e.g. use of statistical software, questionnaire software, etc.). In addition, sessions will generally be supported by tutorials for additional questions, stretch targets and support. \|Type\|\|Hours\| \|Teaching\|\|72\| \|Independent Study\|\|228\| \|Total study time\|\|300\| Resources & Reading list General Resources Additional resources. Online videos and resources will be made available. Software. SPSS, available via http://software.soton.ac.uk Textbooks Lichtman, M. (2010). Qualitative Research in Education: a User's Guide.. London: Sage. Muijs, D. (2004). Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS.. London: Sage. Denscombe, M (2014). The Good Research Guide: For Small-Scale Social Research Projects. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education. Punch, K (2009). Introduction to Research Methods in Education.. London: Sage. Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. London: Sage. Sharp, J. (2009). Success with your Education Research Project.. Exeter: Learning Matters. Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K. (2011). Research Methods in Education.. London: Routledge. Assessment Summative This is how we’ll formally assess what you have learned in this module. \|Method\|\|Percentage contribution\| \|Coursework\|\|40%\| \|Statistics Test\|\|20%\| \|Coursework\|\|40%\| Referral This is how we’ll assess you if you don’t meet the criteria to pass this module.	https://www.southampton.ac.uk/courses/modules/educ2055
Quantitative research identifies variables and the relationships and interdependencies among such variables. It measures the incidence of views and opinions on a random sample of population, to generalize the results from the sample to the universe. Qualitative research usually takes place in a natural or real-life setting, whereas quantitative research usually takes place in artificial laboratory-like conditions that may not reflect real life situations. For instance, a qualitative case study involves making observations of the actual situation, whereas a quantitative questionnaire or survey elicits the views of the respondents outside the actual work settings, and require a high degree of validity for acceptance. In business research, both qualitative and quantitative research has its relevance, and finds application simultaneously. Qualitative research either precedes quantitative research and establishes a hypothesis for validation through a quantitative study, or follows quantitative research to make the quantitative data clear and powerful. Qualitative research is explorative or investigative in nature, and its findings are not applicable across the universe. For instance, if a qualitative case study on a store finds that 75 percent of customers are repeat customers, applying the same across all stores requires formulating a hypothesis that says likewise, and undertaking a quantitative study to validate the hypothesis using tools such as questionnaires and a random sample of customers across different stores. The real life applications of business research suggests that comparing qualitative vs quantitative research, businesses tend to veer towards the quantitative as such data seem more powerful, substantial, and objective. This is a fallacy. A good business research needs to collect both qualitative and quantitative data to gain a proper and in-depth understanding of the subject of research. An example of this dynamicism might be when the qualitative researcher unexpectedly changes their research focus or design midway through a research study, based on their 1st interim data analysis, and then makes further unplanned changes again based on a 2nd interim data analysis; this would be a terrible thing to do from the perspective of an predefined experimental study of the same thing. Qualitative researchers would argue that their recursivity in developing the relevant evidence and reasoning, enables the researcher to be more open to unexpected results, more open to the potential of building new constructs, and the possibility of integrating them with the explanations developed continuously throughout a study. Qualitative methods are often part of survey methodology, including telephone surveys and consumer satisfaction surveys. In fields that study households, a much debated topic is whether interviews should be conducted individually or collectively e. One traditional and specialized form of qualitative research is called cognitive testing or pilot testing which is used in the development of quantitative survey items. Survey items are piloted on study participants to test the reliability and validity of the items. This approach is similar to psychological testing using an intelligence test like the WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Survey in which the interviewer records "qualitative" i. Qualitative research is often useful in a sociological lens. Although often ignored, qualitative research is of great value to sociological studies that can shed light on the intricacies in the functionality of society and human interaction. There are several different research approaches, or research designs, that qualitative researchers use. As a form of qualitative inquiry, students of interpretive inquiry interpretivists often disagree with the idea of theory-free observation or knowledge. Whilst this crucial philosophical realization is also held by researchers in other fields, interpretivists are often the most aggressive in taking this philosophical realization to its logical conclusions. For example, an interpretivist researcher might believe in the existence of an objective reality 'out there', but argue that the social and educational reality we act on the basis of never allows a single human subject to directly access the reality 'out there' in reality this is a view shared by constructivist philosophies. To researchers outside the qualitative research field, the most common analysis of qualitative data is often perceived to be observer impression. That is, expert or bystander observers examine the data, interpret it via forming an impression and report their impression in a structured and sometimes quantitative form. In general, coding refers to the act of associating meaningful ideas with the data of interest. In the context of qualitative research, interpretative aspects of the coding process are often explicitly recognized, articulated, and celebrated; producing specific words or short phrases believed to be useful abstractions over the data. As an act of sense making, most coding requires the qualitative analyst to read the data and demarcate segments within it, which may be done at multiple and different times throughout the data analysis process. In contrast with more quantitative forms of coding, mathematical ideas and forms are usually under-developed in a 'pure' qualitative data analysis. When coding is complete, the analyst may prepare reports via a mix of: Some qualitative data that is highly structured e. Quantitative analysis based on codes from statistical theory is typically the capstone analytical step for this type of qualitative data. Contemporary qualitative data analyses are often supported by computer programs termed Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software used with or without the detailed hand coding and labeling of the past decades. These programs do not supplant the interpretive nature of coding, but rather are aimed at enhancing analysts' efficiency at applying, retrieving, and storing the codes generated from reading the data. Many programs enhance efficiency in editing and revision of codes, which allow for more effective work sharing, peer review, recursive examination of data, and analysis of large datasets. A frequent criticism of quantitative coding approaches is against the transformation of qualitative data into predefined nomothetic data structures, underpinned by 'objective properties '; the variety, richness, and individual characteristics of the qualitative data is argued to be largely omitted from such data coding processes, rendering the original collection of qualitative data somewhat pointless. To defend against the criticism of too much subjective variability in the categories and relationships identified from data, qualitative analysts respond by thoroughly articulating their definitions of codes and linking those codes soundly to the underlying data, thereby preserving some of the richness that might be absent from a mere list of codes, whilst satisfying the need for repeatable procedure held by experimentally oriented researchers. As defined by Leshan , this is a method of qualitative data analysis where qualitative datasets are analyzed without coding. A common method here is recursive abstraction, where datasets are summarized; those summaries are therefore furthered into summary and so on. The end result is a more compact summary that would have been difficult to accurately discern without the preceding steps of distillation. A frequent criticism of recursive abstraction is that the final conclusions are several times removed from the underlying data. While it is true that poor initial summaries will certainly yield an inaccurate final report, qualitative analysts can respond to this criticism. They do so, like those using coding method, by documenting the reasoning behind each summary step, citing examples from the data where statements were included and where statements were excluded from the intermediate summary. Some data analysis techniques, often referred to as the tedious, hard work of research studies similar to field notes, rely on using computers to scan and reduce large sets of qualitative data. At their most basic level, numerical coding relies on counting words, phrases, or coincidences of tokens within the data; other similar techniques are the analyses of phrases and exchanges in conversational analyses. Often referred to as content analysis , a basic structural building block to conceptual analysis, the technique utilizes mixed methodology to unpack both small and large corpuses. Content analysis is frequently used in sociology to explore relationships, such as the change in perceptions of race over time Morning , or the lifestyles of temporal contractors Evans, et al. Mechanical techniques are particularly well-suited for a few scenarios. One such scenario is for datasets that are simply too large for a human to effectively analyze, or where analysis of them would be cost prohibitive relative to the value of information they contain. Another scenario is when the chief value of a dataset is the extent to which it contains "red flags" e. Many researchers would consider these procedures on their data sets to be misuse of their data collection and purposes. A frequent criticism of mechanical techniques is the absence of a human interpreter; computer analysis is relatively new having arrived in the late s to the university sectors. And while masters of these methods are able to write sophisticated software to mimic some human decisions, the bulk of the "analysis" is still nonhuman. Analysts respond by proving the value of their methods relative to either a hiring and training a human team to analyze the data or b by letting the data go untouched, leaving any actionable nuggets undiscovered; almost all coding schemes indicate probably studies for further research. Data sets and their analyses must also be written up, reviewed by other researchers, circulated for comments, and finalized for public review. Numerical coding must be available in the published articles, if the methodology and findings are to be compared across research studies in traditional literature review and recommendation formats. Contemporary qualitative research has been conducted using a large number of paradigms that influence conceptual and metatheoretical concerns of legitimacy, control, data analysis , ontology , and epistemology , among others. Qualitative research conducted in the twenty-first century has been characterized by a distinct turn toward more interpretive , postmodern , and critical practices. In particular, commensurability involves the extent to which concerns from 2 paradigms e. Likewise, critical, constructivist, and participatory paradigms are commensurable on certain issues e. Qualitative research in the s has also been characterized by concern with everyday categorization and ordinary storytelling. This "narrative turn" is producing an enormous literature as researchers present sensitizing concepts and perspectives that bear especially on narrative practice, which centers on the circumstances and communicative actions of storytelling. Catherine Riessman and Gubrium and Holstein provide analytic strategies, and Holstein and Gubrium present the variety of approaches in recent comprehensive texts. More recent developments in narrative practice has increasingly taken up the issue of institutional conditioning of such practices see Gubrium and Holstein A central issue in qualitative research is trustworthiness also known as credibility, or in quantitative studies, validity. There are many different ways of establishing trustworthiness, including: Most of these methods are described in Lincoln and Guba Again, Lincoln and Guba is the salient reference. By the end of the s many leading journals began to publish qualitative research articles and several new journals emerged which published only qualitative research studies and articles about qualitative research methods. Wilhelm Wundt , the founder of scientific psychology, was one of the first psychologists to conduct qualitative research. Wundt advocated the strong relation between psychology and philosophy. He believed that there was a gap between psychology and quantitative research that could only be filled by conducting qualitative research. There are records of qualitative research being used in psychology before World War II, but prior to the s, these methods were viewed as invalid. Owing to this, many of the psychologists who practiced qualitative research denied the usage of such methods or apologized for doing so. It was not until the late 20th century when qualitative research was accepted in elements of psychology though it remains controversial. Community psychologists felt they didn't get the recognition they deserved. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Qualitative research methods. Not to be confused with qualitative data. For the journal, see Qualitative Research journal. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. Learn how and when to remove these template messages. This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: June Learn how and when to remove this template message. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. April Learn how and when to remove this template message. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. The Basics of Social Research 6th ed. Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences 8th ed. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research 3rd ed. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. A positive approach to qualitative policy and evaluation research". The art of case study research. Policy, Program Evaluation and Research in Disability: Community Support for All. Creating Models in Psychological Research. Epistemology and Metaphysics for Qualitative Research. Interpreting Qualitative Data 4th ed. Qualitative Research for Education: Quantitative research is all about numbers. It uses mathematical analysis and data to shed light on important statistics about your business and market. It uses mathematical analysis and data to shed light on important statistics about your business and market. Jun 26, · Business managers and directors used to rely on their experience and instinct to make tough decisions. Increasingly, however, they want to know what the numbers say. In the era of big data, quantitative methods used by operations analysts and economists provide solid evidence to guide management decisions on production, . In business research, both qualitative and quantitative research has its relevance, and finds application simultaneously. Qualitative research either precedes quantitative research and establishes a hypothesis for validation through a quantitative study, or follows quantitative research to make the quantitative data clear and powerful. Qualitative research. Qualitative research is based on opinions, attitudes, beliefs and intentions. This kind of research deals with questions such as "Why"? "Would?", or "How?" Qualitative research aims to understand why customers behave in a certain way or how they may respond to a new product. Quantitative analysis (QA) is a technique that seeks to understand behavior by using mathematical and statistical modeling, measurement, and research. Quantitative analysts aim to represent a. We have updated our systems. If you have not reset your password since 19th December, to access your SAGE online account you now need to re-set your password by clicking on the 'Forgot password' link below.	http://truehuppv.cf/vucox/quantitative-research-in-business-gyb.php
Pact Inc. seeks candidates to fill the position of Data Analyst for the USAID/Enhance Non-Governmental Actors and Grassroots Engagement (ENGAGE) activity in Ukraine. Pact is committed to the principle of equal employment opportunity and is dedicated to the fair and equal treatment of all employees without regard to gender, race, color, religion, creed, age, sexual orientation, national origin or ancestry, disability, or marital status. All applications will be treated with the strictest confidence. Location: Kyiv, Ukraine Supervisor: Senior Program Officer Job type: Full time Effective Date: ASAP Duration: one year with the possibility of the extension Pact Overview At the heart of Pact is the promise of a better tomorrow. The promise of a healthy life. Of a decent livelihood. Of sustainable natural resources that benefit communities. Now more than ever in its 50-year history, Pact is helping millions of people who are poor and marginalized discover and build their own solutions and take ownership over their future. Pact enables systemic solutions that allow those who are poor and marginalized to earn a dignified living, be healthy, and take part in the benefits that nature provides. Pact accomplishes this by strengthening local capacity, forging effective governance systems and transforming markets into a force for development. About the ENGAGE activity Pact, a non-profit organization headquartered in Washington DC, is implementing the USAID-funded Enhance Non-Governmental Actors and Grassroots Engagement (ENGAGE) activity in Ukraine. The project is based in Kyiv, Ukraine with offices in Kharkiv, Kherson, Sumy and Zaporizhzhia regions. The purpose of ENGAGE is to increase citizen awareness of and engagement in civic activities at the national, regional and local level. ENGAGE focuses efforts at both the grassroots level to educate and activate citizens to engage in civic initiatives as well as the national and regional (oblast and rayon) levels to improve organizational capacities, build coalitions, support advocacy and watchdog initiatives. The ENGAGE activity primarily focuses on key democratic reforms and cross- cutting themes, such as: anti-corruption, decentralization, government transparency and accountability including electoral processes, inclusive development of persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons, lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, transgender, intersex and other vulnerable groups, youth and EU integration. To address citizen demands for anti-corruption reforms ENGAGE maintains an anti-corruption focus on all its program components. Position Purpose The Data Analyst will be responsible to provide design and execution of data analysis plans for monitoring, evaluation and learning (including tracking and analyzing insights and trends) for the ENGAGE project. He/ She will serve as the primary technical resource to support the M&E team to ensure collection of high-quality data and continuously perform in-depth data analysis, data visualization and interpretation to increase data use for decision making and communicate results of the project. He/She will also perform data analysis for learning activities, assessments, evaluations and surveys as they arise. The Data Analyst will also work with technical partners to conduct analysis and lead efforts for quality assurance of data analysis procedures and outputs. Key Responsibilities: - Provide analytical product with proper visual communications of findings based on comparative analysis and main indicators - Review plans for routine M&E, learning, evaluation and research activities and develop data analysis plans with MERL Officer to ensure the best data analysis plan is in place - Identify, analyze, and interpret trends or patterns in complex data sets - Interpret data from the regular National Civic Engagement Poll, conducted by USAID/ENGAGE, analyze results using statistical techniques and provide ongoing reports - Develop high-quality data visualizations to facilitate data use for decision-making. - Perform sample size calculations for learning, research and evaluation efforts, including quantitative and qualitative studies - Selection of the main indicators for building comprehensive analysis (the impact of civic education activities, CSO-partners activities, edutainment/infotainment/mass public events on citizens behavior) - Translate statistical concepts used in design and analysis into plain language for program reports and technical discussions - Conduct data analysis of capacity-building activities for project staff, and support coordination of capacity-building for subgrantee staff - Participate in study design, data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation, draft preparation of the final products - Synthesize research findings on issues related to civic participation, anti-corruption, and inclusion of marginalized groups - Ensure data-driven approaches to the ENGAGE program activity - Liaise with Washington DC-based colleagues to ensure up smooth communication between Ukraine and DC office - Other duties as assigned. Basic Requirements: - Minimum 3 years of experience in data analysis - Demonstrated ability to process and analyze statistical data, synthesize research findings (both qualitative and quantitative) - Proven experience in social sciences and usage of statistical methods for analysis - Strong analytical skills and meticulous attention to detail and accuracy - Familiarity with Ukrainian civil society sector, political economy context and governance sector - Strong knowledge of civic engagement strategies and approaches to working with diverse stakeholders and marginalized groups - Excellent English and Ukrainian. Preferred Qualifications: - Master’s degree in relevant field: social sciences, statistics, evaluation, mathematics, economics, computer science - At least 3 years of proven working experience as a Data Analyst, preferably in democracy, civil society or governance sector - Knowledge of statistics and demonstrated proficiency in data collection methods, analysis and visualization, and the ability to use various commercially available statistical software programs (SPSS, “R”, Python) - Demonstrated relevant technical skills in analyzing quantitative and qualitative data, with excellent organizational skills - Demonstrated commitment to data use and learning to improve program performance - Proficiency in Microsoft Office programs, (Excel, Word, PowerPoint, etc.) To Apply: Please send your CV and motivation letter to [email protected] with “Data Analyst” in the subject line by COB September 12, 2021. Please include at least three contacts of your former supervisors who can provide references for you. Only short-listed candidates will be invited for an interview.	https://engage.org.ua/eng/data-analyst-for-the-usaid-engage/

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