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The ‘Most Dangerous Eating Disorder’: Diabulimia in T1D
When I diagnosed 10-year-old Katie with type 1 diabetes (T1D), I told her that her excess weight and diet were unrelated to her diagnosis. But a few months later, her school teacher singled her out for having diabetes in front of the entire class while declaring that the childhood obesity epidemic is out of control. Sitting in that classroom as her classmates stared, she must have wondered whether her childish chubbiness was really to blame.
People living with diabetes are exposed to nearly constant scrutiny about their weight and diet. Even teachers and others in positions of authority, who should know better, criticize students about their weight or eating habits. Parents and patients of all ages grow weary of constantly being asked, “Should you be eating that?”
Yes, diabetes does require meticulous monitoring and accounting for every bite of food in order to ensure good glycemic control. But that very scrutiny may also be the start of a perfect storm that can lead to a dangerous relationship with food.
‘I Just Want to Be Normal’
Even as diabetes technology improves, the sensors and pumps that are worn on the body are often difficult to completely conceal, especially when they alarm loudly and unpredictably.
One of my patients initially loved her continuous glucose monitor and the break it afforded her from sticking her finger four or more times daily. But when she was admitted to the hospital in diabetic ketoacidosis, she confessed that she had not been wearing it. She had tired of her classmates’ constant questions about the device. “I just want to be normal,” she whispered. | https://yesicaneatcake.com/2019/12/18/the-most-dangerous-eating-disorder-diabulimia-in-t1d/ |
The federal government has released a new strategy to boost and retain the employment of people with disability in the Australian Public Service while building a lasting culture of inclusion.
The APS Disability Employment Strategy 2020-25 was launched at an IPAA event on Thursday, coinciding with the International Day of People with Disability.
The strategy has set a goal to increase the employment of people with disability across the APS to 7% by 2025, up from 3.7% in 2019.
To achieve this, it has two focus areas — the attraction, recruitment and retention of more people with disability at all levels within the APS, and the creation of accessible workplace cultures and environments — with 18 actions aimed at agencies and staff.
One action the strategy puts forward, in order to build an inclusive culture, calls for agencies to provide disability awareness and capability uplift for managers and senior leaders.
“Leaders play a vital role in creating and maintaining positive workplaces that are free from stigma and discrimination. We need our leaders to act as role models — and ideally as coaches and mentors,” the strategy said.
“Through modelling consistent and unbiased behaviours, our leaders and managers can foster a culture where all employees, including employees with disability, feel safe, valued and respected, and are supported to perform optimally. Visible commitment by senior leaders backed by meaningful assessment mechanisms can ensure acceptance and support for workplace initiatives concerning disability.”
Fiona Thornton, director of the Department of Home Affairs’ people and culture division and a panelist at the launch, said it’s important to equip managers to support their staff, “no matter what their abilities”.
“What we need to do is support [managers] with guiding principles and policies,” she said.
“We need to help them to feel empowered to order that workplace assessment that someone might need, to have that conversation about reasonable adjustment, and to go out and seek the adaptive technology that their staff member is going to need to reduce those barriers and unlock the other skills and qualities that they have to offer to the public service.”
Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources general manager and panelist Nathan Hannigan, who has a lived experience of anxiety and depression, noted that leaders also need to be vocal about their disabilities, as many disabilities — including mental illness — often go unnoticed.
“I think it’s really important that senior role models, both internal and external to our agencies, speak up and talk about their lived experience with disability and I would hope that in doing so, it sort of builds that inclusive culture, and raises awareness of disability in the places we work, and through that provides support to everyone,” he said.
Read more: Disability employment services provider calls for end to stigma surrounding invisible disabilities
The Senior Executive Service has been tasked with implementing the strategy, while the Australian Public Service Commission has been charged with building a partnership with the Australian Human Rights Commission to identify, support and enhance good practice.
AHRC disability discrimination commissioner Dr Ben Gauntlett noted that the public service is not a business — it exists to serve the population, and must therefore reflect and understand the communities it works for, including those living with a disability.
“4.4 million Australians live with disability and 2.7 million Australians have caring responsibilities. What occurs in these people’s lives cannot be learned in a textbook. Rather, it must be learned from individuals themselves,” he said in a keynote address to the launch.
“But that’s not to say that a colleague of a person with a disability does not learn from having them in the same workplace. It is important to understand that if we want to affect societal change the Australian Public Service must reflect the communities which it serves.
“We know to affect change, you have to have an effect upon a personal, organisational and societal level when developing policy. The Australian Public Services’ disability strategy has that effect. This is not just about profit and loss. It is about good policy and ensuring we have the best policy for Australia.”
Read more: Low number of people with disability in APS raised at the UN
The strategy was developed by a cross-agency team led by the APSC and through extensive consultation with people with disability from within and outside of the APS.
Department of Social Services secretary Kathryn Campbell said the strategy was an important milestone in the journey of inclusion and equality for the APS, and “marks a new era in how we empower people with disability”.
“We are moving our culture towards one which celebrates and welcomes diversity. We’re shifting the conversation away from the barriers and challenges of engaging with people with disability to a conversation focused on benefits,” she said.
“For the individual, increasing employment opportunities unlocks and improves economic security, independence and wellbeing. For the public service, having a culture inclusive of all Australians increases our appeal and attraction to prospective employees. It helps us become an employer of choice and improves our workplaces through staff being welcomed, engaged and retained.”
Campbell said having a diverse APS workforce will drive better policy programs, services, and outcomes for all Australians, and shows other Australian employers “the value of employing people with disability”. | https://www.themandarin.com.au/146457-commonwealth-launches-aps-disability-employment-strategy/ |
Wakefield Crew is the most successful sports team at Wakefield and in Arlington at large. We are always looking to take more students and turn them into student-athletes.
Generally, our novice squad is composed of middle schoolers and high school freshmen, although we welcome newcomers to the sport even if they are sophomores, juniors, or seniors. Through consistent and caring coaching, we are committed to turning our novices into the type of athlete who will succeed at rowing, school, and life.
No previous rowing experience is necessary to join the team as a novice. Students should bring a positive attitude, a willingness to learn, and a desire to be part of a close-knit and supportive competitive team.
Note that the team almost always competes during one or both weekends of spring break. Most rowers plan to stay local for the break so they can be available for practices.
To row you need:
Optional but nice to have things are
|Winter||Spring|
|Weekdays||3:15-5:30pm||4 - 6:20 pm M-F (not including travel time between Wakefield and boathouse)|
|Saturdays||No Practice||9 - noon (occasional, tbd)|
At Wakefield, we believe that rowing is for everyone. We will work to ensure that anyone who wants to try hard at the sport is given the opportunity to do so.
Wakefield Crew and its booster organization are committed to breaking down any barriers that stand in the way of rowing. If you want to learn to row, we will work to make it happen. We offer swim lessons, scholarships, transportation, and tutoring to any child who needs assistance.
The team uses Slack to communicate with team members. Make sure to talk to the coaches for an invite into our team slack! It is the main form of communication that the coaches have with the team, including adjustments to schedules, practice cancellations, and team bonding activity announcements. | https://www.wakefieldrowing.org/page/show/7601185-novice-freshman-8th-grade |
NOBLE COUNTY, Ind. (WANE) – On October 20 at approximately 6:58 a.m. Noble County Dispatch was notified of an accident on County Road 450 North in the area of 1100 West involving one vehicle that had rolled over.
As officers began to arrive it was found that the vehicle had began to slide on the roadway and left the north side of the road. The vehicle then began to roll and eventually came to a rest in a tree line. Neighbors, Officers, and others checked the area for the possible driver and were unable to locate him. Officers then began attempting to make contact with the registered owner of the vehicle and his friends and relatives.
Approximately 20 minutes after the vehicle was removed, and the crash scene was cleared, Noble County Dispatch received a call from a family member that the driver had been located close to the accident scene unresponsive. Officers, first responders, and medics responded to the location and found Oscar Estrada Jr with his family members. Officers and first responders began attempts to check his vitals and resuscitate him but all attempts were unsuccessful and Oscar Estrada Jr was pronounced dead by EMTs at approximately 8:44 a.m.
Assisting the Noble County Sheriff’s Department with the accident were: Ligonier Police Dept, Sparta Township Fire Dept, Parview EMS.
The accident is still under investigation. | http://wane.com/2017/10/22/man-dead-after-rollover-crash/ |
In recent years time domain speech separation has excelled over frequency domain separation in single channel scenarios and noise-free environments. In this paper we dissect the gains of the time-domain audio separation network (TasNet) approach by gradually replacing components of an utterance-level permutation invariant training (u-PIT) based separation system in the frequency domain until the TasNet system is reached, thus blending components of frequency domain approaches with those of time domain approaches. Some of the intermediate variants achieve comparable signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) gains to TasNet, but retain the advantage of frequency domain processing: compatibility with classic signal processing tools such as frequency-domain beamforming and the human interpretability of the masks. Furthermore, we show that the scale invariant signal-to-distortion ratio (si-SDR) criterion used as loss function in TasNet is related to a logarithmic mean square error criterion and that it is this criterion which contributes most reliable to the performance advantage of TasNet. Finally, we critically assess which gains in a noise-free single channel environment generalize to more realistic reverberant conditions.
- arXiv:1911.08934 [pdf, other]
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Title: Joint DNN-Based Multichannel Reduction of Acoustic Echo, Reverberation and NoiseAuthors: Guillaume Carbajal, Romain Serizel, Emmanuel Vincent, Eric HumbertSubjects: Sound (cs.SD); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS); Machine Learning (stat.ML)
We consider the problem of simultaneous reduction of acoustic echo, reverberation and noise. In real scenarios, these distortion sources may occur simultaneously and reducing them implies combining the corresponding distortion-specific filters. As these filters interact with each other, they must be jointly optimized. We propose to model the target and residual signals after linear echo cancellation and dereverberation using a multichannel Gaussian modeling framework and to jointly represent their spectra by means of a neural network. We develop an iterative block-coordinate ascent algorithm to update all the filters. We evaluate our system on real recordings of acoustic echo, reverberation and noise acquired with a smart speaker in various situations. The proposed approach outperforms in terms of overall distortion a cascade of the individual approaches and a joint reduction approach which does not rely on a spectral model of the target and residual signals.
- arXiv:1911.09018 [pdf, other]
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Title: Moving to Communicate, Moving to Interact: Patterns of Body Motion in Musical Duo PerformanceAuthors: Laura Bishop, Carlos Cancino-Chacón, Werner GoeblComments: 32 pages, 10 figures. This version is a final preprint of the paper prepared by the authors. Please cite as Bishop, L., Cancino-Chac\'on, C., and Goebl, W. (2019). Moving to communicate, moving to interact: Patterns of body motion in musical duo performance. Music Perception, 37, 1-25Journal-ref: Music Perception 37 (2019) 1-25Subjects: Sound (cs.SD); Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
Skilled ensemble musicians coordinate with high precision, even when improvising or interpreting loosely-defined notation. Successful coordination is supported primarily through shared attention to the musical output; however, musicians also interact visually, particularly when the musical timing is irregular. This study investigated the performance conditions that encourage visual signalling and interaction between ensemble members. Piano and clarinet duos rehearsed a new piece as their body motion was recorded. Analyses of head movement showed that performers communicated gesturally following held notes. Gesture patterns became more consistent as duos rehearsed, though consistency dropped again during a final performance given under no-visual-contact conditions. Movements were smoother and interperformer coordination was stronger during irregularly-timed passages than elsewhere in the piece, suggesting heightened visual interaction. Performers moved more after rehearsing than before, and more when they could see each other than when visual contact was occluded. Periods of temporal instability and increased familiarity with the music and co-performer seem to encourage visual interaction, while specific communicative gestures are integrated into performance routines through rehearsal. We propose that visual interaction may support successful ensemble performance by affirming coordination throughout periods of temporal instability and serving as a social motivator to promote creative risk-taking.
Cross-lists for Thu, 21 Nov 19
- arXiv:1911.08747 (cross-list from cs.LG) [pdf, other]
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Title: CAT: CRF-based ASR ToolkitAuthors: Keyu An, Hongyu Xiang, Zhijian OuComments: Code released at: this https URLSubjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Sound (cs.SD); Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS); Machine Learning (stat.ML)
In this paper, we present a new open source toolkit for automatic speech recognition (ASR), named CAT (CRF-based ASR Toolkit). A key feature of CAT is discriminative training in the framework of conditional random field (CRF), particularly with connectionist temporal classification (CTC) inspired state topology. CAT contains a full-fledged implementation of CTC-CRF and provides a complete workflow for CRF-based end-to-end speech recognition. Evaluation results on Chinese and English benchmarks such as Switchboard and Aishell show that CAT obtains the state-of-the-art results among existing end-to-end models with less parameters, and is competitive compared with the hybrid DNN-HMM models. Towards flexibility, we show that i-vector based speaker-adapted recognition and latency control mechanism can be explored easily and effectively in CAT. We hope CAT, especially the CRF-based framework and software, will be of broad interest to the community, and can be further explored and improved.
- arXiv:1911.08922 (cross-list from eess.AS) [pdf, other]
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Title: Perceptual Loss Function for Neural Modelling of Audio SystemsAuthors: Alec Wright, Vesa VälimäkiComments: Submitted to ICASSP 2020Subjects: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS); Sound (cs.SD)
This work investigates alternate pre-emphasis filters used as part of the loss function during neural network training for nonlinear audio processing. In our previous work, the error-to-signal ratio loss function was used during network training, with a first-order highpass pre-emphasis filter applied to both the target signal and neural network output. This work considers more perceptually relevant pre-emphasis filters, which include lowpass filtering at high frequencies. We conducted listening tests to determine whether they offer an improvement to the quality of a neural network model of a guitar tube amplifier. Listening test results indicate that the use of an A-weighting pre-emphasis filter offers the best improvement among the tested filters. The proposed perceptual loss function improves the sound quality of neural network models in audio processing without affecting the computational cost. | http://export.arxiv.org/list/cs.SD/new |
Our policy is to…
Communicate our vision goals and objectives throughout the entire organisation.
Continually strive to achieve business, environmental and quality performance targets as outlined in the business plan, which are relevant to our organisational goals and the needs and expectations of our customers.
Continuously develop and improve all aspects of our operation, including our documented operating systems, quality, environmental and pollution prevention performance, health and safety protection, and related technology.
Manage and perform all processes in line with the documented operating system which in itself shall comply with the relevant health and safety, environmental, quality, statutory and legal requirements including where applicable – ISO9001: 2008, TS16949,and relevant customer standards.
Every process in our company has a customer, without a customer a process has no purpose, only by focusing on customer satisfaction will we truly optimise our processes.
By taking the initiative, providing an example and showing the way the Management Team will demonstrate effective leadership throughout the organisation displaying commitment to the process of continual improvement across all aspects of our business.
Comprehensive, intensive and unending education and training are a key to our growth and success and shall form the basis of our continual improvement endeavours.
Promoting teamwork and partnership with employees, customers, suppliers and the community, allows us to apply many of the diverse skills and experience available towards achievement of our continual improvement objectives. | https://anochrome.com/quality-policy/ |
New study examines the current situation for journalists in a rapidly changing media environment.
“Journalism in Change,” a new study which aims to compare recent variations within journalism cultures, combines the efforts of researchers from Poland (University of Wrocław), Russia, (Moscow State University) and Sweden (Södertörn University) the project’s consortium leader.
The aim of the research is to describe and understand the evolution of journalism by looking at recent variations and changes within the contemporary media scene. The researchers assume that despite the convergence of journalistic standards and practices in Europe and around the world, significant differences among particular countries remain.
The analysis examines journalism on three different levels, cognitive (the ways in which journalists see their surrounding reality and their profession), journalistic ideals and professional ethics (value systems connected to the journalisticpractice, relations between journalists and their economic and political environment, as well as their audience) and the journalistic practice (everyday newsroom practice, working arrangements, and decision making processes within the newsroom). Additionally, a fourth level was considered which examined the position of journalists within society and the social prestige of the journalistic profession.
The project, which began in 2011 and will conclude in 2014, has shown that while each country included in the study differs in terms of history, political background, and journalistic tradition, the changes help to increase the value of the study. According to project members, diversity within the three countries helps increase understanding of how changes in the journalistic environment have affected the profession across various social, cultural, economic, and political conditions.
The research methods will include surveys from journalists (the sample will consist of approximately 500 participants from each country), in-depth interviews, and an investigation of journalistic engagement with new communication platforms (especially the Internet).
The first result from the “Journalism in Change” research study is a recently released preliminary report which describes the project’s objectives and introduces findings from all three countries. Apart from reviewing previous journalism studies from Poland, Russia and Sweden, the researchers will also synthesize the findings, thus providing a first step towards future comparative studies. | https://en.ejo.ch/media-politics/do-journalists-in-poland-russia-and-sweden-have-anything-in-common |
Excerpts from speech by Fed Governor Lael Brainard at Fintech and the New Financial Landscape, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 13, 2018
Although it is still early days, it is already evident that the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in financial services is potentially quite important and merits our attention. Through our Fintech working group, we are working across the Federal Reserve System to take a deliberate approach to understanding the potential implications of AI for financial services, particularly as they relate to our responsibilities. In light of the potential importance of AI, we are seeking to learn from industry, banks, consumer advocates, researchers, and others, including through today’s conference. I am pleased to take part in this timely discussion of how technology is changing the financial landscape.
Perhaps one of the most important early lessons is that not all potential consequences are knowable now — firms should be continually vigilant for new issues in the rapidly evolving area of AI. Throughout the history of banking, new products and processes have been an area where problems can arise. Further, firms should not assume that AI approaches are less susceptible to problems because they are purported to be able to “learn” or less prone to human error. There are plenty of examples of AI approaches not functioning as expected — a reminder that things can go wrong. It is important for firms to recognize the possible pitfalls and employ sound controls now to prevent and mitigate possible future problems.
For our part, we are still learning how AI tools can be used in the banking sector. We welcome discussion about what use cases banks and other financial services firms are exploring with AI approaches and other innovations, and how our existing laws, regulations, guidance, and policy interests may intersect with these new approaches. When considering financial innovation of any type, our task is to facilitate an environment in which socially beneficial, responsible innovation can progress with appropriate mitigation of risk and consistent with applicable statutes and regulations.
As with other technological advances, AI presents regulators with a responsibility to act with thoughtfulness and perspective in carrying out their mandates, learning from the experience in other areas. As we move ahead in exploring the policy and regulatory issues related to artificial intelligence, we look forward to collaborating with a broad array of stakeholders. | https://finadium.com/what-the-feds-learning-about-ai-in-financial-services/ |
In order to accurately represent the country and its people, the Kyrgyzstan flag was created to reflect the traditional culture of the country. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the start of the country’s independence in the contemporary period, the new Kyrgyzstan flag was adopted.
Since you came across this article, you must want to learn more about the country’s national emblem. Below, we will explore the history and facts about the Kyrgyzstan flag.
Geography Of Kyrgyzstan
It is essential to know more about the country when learning about the history and development of the Kyrgyzstan flag. Kyrgyzstan, a nation in Central Asia, is also referred to as Kirghizia and is formally known as the Kyrgyz Republic. Landlocked Kyrgyzstan has a hilly landscape.
Tajikistan to the southwest, China to the east, Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west and southwest, and Tajikistan to the southwest. Kyrgyzstan is a country considered to be the farthest from the ocean. Kyrgyzstan’s time zone is UTC +06:00. There is no daylight saving time in Kyrgyzstan.
Over 2,000 years of documented history in Kyrgyzstan span several civilizations and empires. Kyrgyzstan has served as a crossroads for multiple major civilizations as part of the Silk Road and other trade and cultural channels while being physically isolated due to its severely mountainous terrain, which has helped preserve its old culture.
The Kyrgyz Republic is home to 1,923 alpine lakes, high, snow-covered mountains, deep gorges, and fast rivers. More than 40,000 rivers and streams provide irrigation and a significant amount of potential for hydroelectric power, complementing extensive mountain ranges with peaks, steep gorges, huge valleys, and virgin forests.
Kyrgyzstan’s economy is based primarily on mining and agriculture. Gold, coal, antimony, and mercury can be found in mines. Sheep, cattle, and horses are raised by farmers. Wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, cotton, and tobacco are among the crops. Industries create textiles and machines. Particularly in the areas of tourism and energy services, Kyrgyzstan is expanding its service industry.
Brief History Of Kyrgyzstan
The Kyrgyzstan flag was widely influenced by other countries that had some kind of relationship with it (friendly or unfriendly). Turkic-speaking nomadic people first colonized Kyrgyzstan in about 201 BC. Islam took over as the area’s main religion in the 12th century. The majority of what is now the Kyrgyz Republic was populated by the Kyrgyz in the 15th and 16th centuries.
In 1876, the Russian Empire seized Kyrgyzstan. A large number of Kyrgyz people went to Afghanistan, the Pamir Mountains, or China.
Despite having been home to several autonomous tribes and clans for a very long time, Kyrgyzstan has occasionally been ruled by other nations. Finally, it managed to become a sovereign nation-state in 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Since gaining independence, the sovereign state has maintained its status as a unitary parliamentary republic, despite ongoing political unrest, ethnic unrest, uprisings, and economic difficulties. There are six million ethnic Kyrgyz living in the nation, with a sizable minority of Uzbeks and Russians.
Despite the fact that Russian is still widely used and an official language as a result of a century of Russification, Kyrgyz is closely connected to other Turkic languages. Muslims of all denominations make up the majority of the population.
History Of Kyrgyzstan Flag
The country’s initial flag was flown when Kyrgyzstan was still a part of the Soviet Union. It featured three horizontal stripes dividing a dark crimson area. While the other two were dark blue, the center dividing line was white. To symbolize the political connection between the people of Kyrgyzstan and the rest of the Soviet Union, the canton featured the crossed hammer and sickle of the Soviet Union in gold.
When the Soviet Union disintegrated at the turn of the 20th century, that flag was no longer in use. At that moment, Kyrgyzstan gained freedom, and the administration chose a new flag to symbolize the nation. The current national Kyrgyzstan flag was chosen by the country’s Supreme Council in 1992.
Following the declaration of the Kyrgyz Republic’s independence, a state contest and commission were established to select the national flag. Finally, more than 400 drawings were registered. The Kyrgyz Republic’s Decree No. 91, dated July 17, 2004, approved a new national emblem.
The first Kyrgyz tribal insignia were discovered in the Bulgarian Chronicles. According to the inscription, an old Kyrgyz pennant with ribbon embellishments had a red snake with wings fastened to the top of the gad. Therefore, Mahmud Kashgari’s “Divani Lugat-it-Turk,” written in the 11th century, validated that fact.
Each tribe’s heraldic emblems and colors are distinctive. The Kyrgyz people are divided into three major tribes. These are the Inner Tribes (red-colored flag), the Right Wing (flag color: blue), and the Left Wing (flag color: white).
Design Of The Flag
The new Kyrgyzstan flag, which is still in use today, has a red background as well. Although it was said that this color came from a banner that Manas the Noble, a Kyrgyz national hero, had flown. A 40-rated yellow sun represents Manas’ followers.
The Epic of Manas, one of the finest literary masterpieces to emerge from Kyrgyzstan, is referenced by the forty rays that extend from the sun. The epic was oral poetry that described Manas uniting the Kyrgyz tribes and defeating numerous foreign foes.
Each of the flag’s rays is a representation of a tribe that Manas united, serving as both a reminder of the nation’s literary past and a sign of its togetherness. The tribes he unified sit in the center of the Kyrgyzstan flag, together with the additional symbols of light, nobility, and eternity.
A red and yellow insignia with two crossed sets of three lines each, all contained inside a ring, is displayed on that Sun. This is a stylized illustration of the yurt, the typical Kyrgyz home. The flag’s intricate symbolic meaning refers to the beginning of life, the unification of time and space, the history of the Kyrgyz people, solidarity, and the hearth and home.
Kyrgyzstan Flag Symbolism
The first thing that you will see when looking at the Kyrgyzstan flag is the sun with 40 rays. One of the first natural symbols is the sun. The sun represents vitality, sacred energy, and everlasting life. A representation of the source of light, truth, knowledge, and wisdom is the sun’s light. Grace comes from the Sun.
The 40 rays represented the harmony of the 40 Kyrgyz tribes. The name “Kyrgyz,” which means “a gathering of forty tribes,” is derived from the Turkic word kirk, which means forty.
The yurt, often known as a “gray dwelling” or “Boz-Ui,” is a representation of Kyrgyz nomadic life. Topped by a nomad architect, the yurt represents the world, way of life, and philosophy of nomads. There is just one “window” to the universe on the yurt’s roundtop, which is shaped like the sun and moon. It serves as a guide to space, the universe, and life. This is for peace, a continuing life, and a family.
For ancient Kyrgyz, the color red had deep sacred significance. It represents fire, the sun, vitality, and life’s color. Perhaps the color red represents the danger of blood, but the Kyrgyz described it as the start of life. Red clothing and accessories are undoubtedly used frequently in daily life as a sign of luck and support as well as protection from the evil eye.
Kyrgyzstan Flag Alteration Proposal
A commission was recently set up to consider ideas for changing the flag’s design. The leader of this organization said that it functioned as a focal point for dispute and division and that the government did not want this national emblem to further polarize society.
Disagreements over how to interpret the symbols on the existing Kyrgyzstan flag contributed to some of this. For instance, ethnic diversity may be seen in contemporary Kyrgyzstan, where significant minority populations like Uzbeks (14.3%) and Dungans (1.1%) reside. These people were historically subjugated by Manas. Hence, some of them do not like the present flag, which was modeled after his military symbol.
Kyrgyzstan Coat Of Arms
The Kyrgyz Republic’s national emblem was authorized on January 14, 1994, and has been recognized ever since. The Ak-Shumkar “Manas” falcon on the coat of arms depicts the state’s freedom, its people’s kindness and alertness, and the loftiest aspirations of those who live in the mountainous nation of Kyrgyzstan.
Additionally, Issyk-Kul Lake, Kyrgyzstan’s most priceless gem, is shown on the flag, encircled by the Ala-Lofty Too’s granite hills. The lake’s glassy surface represents the beauty of nature and the wellspring of all life and energy. The sun-lit mountains resemble the “kalpak,” the traditional cap of the Kyrgyz people.
Bottom Line
Above in this article, we explored the Kyrgyzstan flag. The Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan adopted the national flag on March 3, 1992. A bright sun with 40 evenly distributed rays sits in the middle of a crimson background. It is a perfect representation of the country’s nature, culture, history, and heritage. | https://www.worldclock.com/kyrgyzstan-flag/ |
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for altering the apparent effects or using a magnetic force. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method that can simulate a low gravitational enviroment or an excess-gravitational environment in a localized region such as a small container, by using a gradient magnetic field to offset or add the vertical magnetic force to the force of gravity on the medium inside the container.
Chemical reactions, the formation of crystals, and the like that are carried out on the earth (ground) cannot avoid the influence of convection, buoyancy, and the like that is caused by a gravitational field. On the other hand, the development and study of new materials, new drugs, and the like that are obtained, for example, by carrying out synthesis in a microgravitational field, where these influences are less, are attracting attention. For example, the crystallization of macromolecules of a biological substance is difficult in the normal gravitational field due to convection or sedimentation, but it is known that a high-quality single crystal essential to X-ray structure analysis is obtained in a microgravitational environment. The study of new materials, such as materials for contact lenses high in oxygen permeability, and zeolites high in catalytic performance, using microgravitational environments is under way.
Presently, as means of forming such microgravitational environments, there is the use of space shuttles, as is well known, and various experiments are carried out using the microgravitational environment in space shuttles, but the cost is enormous. Moreover, there is no apparatus that can simulate continuously from a microgravitational environment to the normal gravitational field. In addition to the use of space shuttles, it is conceivable to use, for example, a drop tower that simulates a gravity-free state in a capsule that is allowed to fall freely, and an airplane in parabolic flight, but, for example, any of these requires very large facilities and apparatus and enormous costs, and the period during which the simulated microgravity can be retained is about 30 sec at most, which is one of causes that prevent the development of study and mass production of developed new materials and the like. Further, in these methods, it is impossible to change the simulated gravitational environment to an arbitrary level, and it is difficult to simulate a gravitational environment to meet the purpose.
Under these circumstances, it is desired to have an apparatus and a method of simulating an arbitrary gravitational enviroment that are suitable for use in the usual investigation environment and in a production system in factories.
An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that can simulate a low-gravitational environment or an excess-gravitational environment for a localized region occupied by a medium in ordinary laboratories and factories, having no need of large apparatuses. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that can variably simulate desired gravitational environment in a substance from a microgravity to an excess-gravity, to meet the purpose of use.
Furthermore, still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of variably simulating a gravitational environment in a substance in a container in laboratories and factories without using large apparatuses and facilities.
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Tays has placed visitor restrictions at its hospitals and other facilities due to the coronavirus epidemic. Visiting a critically ill patient or a patient in end-of-life care may be arranged for the patient's family and friends. However, this needs to be agreed with the care unit. One guardian at a time may visit their child at a ward.
During the normal conditions, most wards in Tays are open for visitors to visit freely during daytime. Nevertheless, we would like to ask family members to come and visit the patient in the afternoon or the evening, as treatments and tests take place in the morning and around noon. Night time is reserved for rest.
The visiting hours or the number of visitors are limited in some units due to the nature of the operations there. More detailed instructions on visiting can be found on each unit's introduction page, or by asking the staff of the ward.
Do not come for a visit to the hospital if you have flu, a cough or fever or some other contagious disease. Use hand disinfectant when you come to the ward and the patient room, as well as when you leave.
Ask the treatment staff whether it is possible to bring flowers or food to the patient. Flowers cannot be taken to the patient room if one of the patients in the room is allergic to them. Eating may be limited by a procedure performed on the patient, a disease or a special diet.
You almost always need permission to take photographs or video in the hospital. Only the main lobby and the cafeterias are public spaces where you are allowed to take photographs or video without permission. Elsewhere in the hospital permission is required to take photographs or video.
The unit supervisor or media and communication services may give permission to take photographs or video. You need consent from patients who can be identified from the photographs or video. You always need consent from persons appearing in a photograph when the photograph is going to be published in a magazine, on the internet or in social media. Photographs cannot be published without consent even in such social media services where the users viewing them are limited, e.g. in Facebook.
Mothers who have just given birth and their new-borns need a lot of rest and peace. A spouse or support person and the baby's siblings may visit the obstetrics ward from 10 am to 8 pm, and the baby's grandparents from 6 pm to 7 pm.
There are no visiting limitations in the Perheonni Unit of the patient hotel. Families with a new-born who stay in the patient hotel are responsible for taking care of inviting visitors according to their personal schedules. A visitor coming to the patient hotel should first check in at the hotel's reception, which will then inform the family about the visitor. You can also agree on the visit by telephone directly with the family. A family or support person has to meet the visitor in the ground floor lobby or at the locked door of their floor. | https://www.tays.fi/en-US/Instructions/For_Visitors_and_Family_Members |
DPRA recently completed work with the Region of Peel, Public Health, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention (CDIP) unit, to undertake an assessment of the evidence for the effectiveness of educational health promotion strategies.
TASKS + OBJECTIVES
The work included a detailed methodology report to guide the literature review and development of recommendations to assist CDIP in positively influencing human behaviour and health outcomes.
The project supported Peel Public Health’s evidence-informed decision making processes. Using defined search criteria, health promotion literature was reviewed to assess whether certain health promotion strategies were more effective than others in promoting health and changing behaviour.
These results were then used to develop recommendations regarding how Peel CDIP division might use this information for health promotion in the adult population of Peel. Effectiveness was examined according to what extent various health promotion strategies reached the population, increased awareness, resulted in behaviour changes, and were cost-effective.
SMART SOLUTIONS
Based on the literature review findings and evaluation, DPRA prepared an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the six educational health promotion strategies: mass media, presentations, displays, Internet, print materials and combined approaches. Further, DPRA identified eight recommendations for CDIP to consider increasing the effectiveness of Educational Health Promotion Approaches & Strategies. | http://www.dpra.ca/2011/04/28/region-of-peel-evaluation-of-health-promotion-strategies/ |
She's a member of the Macaulay Honors College and the Bulldogs swim team. She rides horses and volunteers with GallopNYC, a nonprofit organization that provides therapeutic horseback riding to children with developmental, emotional, social and physical challenges. And now senior Catherine Chan has been acknowledged for her photographic prowess.
Chan was named the November winner of the CUNY Student Photo Challenge contest for "Brooklyn College's Lily Pond," her shot of our quiet campus oasis during its autumnal brilliance.
Chan, who plans to enroll at SUNY Downstate College of Medicine next summer as part of the Coordinated B.A.–M.D. Program after receiving a B.S. in biology, explains what motivated her to take the shot that won her November's accolade: "In light of my graduation from Brooklyn College, I took this photo in order to provide myself a visual means of remembering my undergraduate education. What I found most interesting is the way it captures how the rays of the sun penetrate the foliage and lift the morning fog."
The contest is open to all CUNY students. Judges are looking for photos that convey something about CUNY students, a CUNY college or a campus activity, or that present a broad interpretation of the educational experience. All of the monthly winners, including Chan, will be entered in the final competition to select the year's best student photo. The winner receives an iPad. | https://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/web/news/bcnews/bcnews_111202.php |
How can you develop an autonomous car? How does a computer recognize speech or emotions? How can software and devices be aligned to the way humans think?
In the international Bachelor's degree programme in Artificial
Intelligence you will study intelligence and develop 'intelligent'
and user-friendly products.
This international degree programme focuses on human thinking, artificial thinking (computers, robots) and behaviour in social systems (e.g. group behaviour). You will study the underlying processes in order to predict or simulate behaviour.
Interdisciplinary curriculum
Artificial Intelligence draws on knowledge from various disciplines, such as cognitive psychology, linguistics, computing science, logic and philosophy. You will develop skills in these areas in the first year, after which you deepen your knowledge in the subdiscipline you prefer, such as machine learning, robotics or cognitive science.
Translating knowledge into practical applications
There are many applications in which intelligence and usable technology are indispensable, in ticket machines for example. This degree programme therefore has a strong practical orientation.
Please note: AI has a fixed quota (numerus fixus), for which a selection procedure takes place. You can find more information on the fixed quota programmes, the admission procedure and the selection procedure on the AI fixed quota/numerus fixus page.
Read more
How humans learn new tasks
After doing her master's project in the USA, Trudy wanted to continue to work on the edge of knowledge. She ended up back in Groningen for a PhD project about the transfer of cognitive skills. She builds computer models which show how humans learn new tasks and tests them by comparing them to, for example, test scores or brain activity. Using her models we can learn more about how your brain uses what you already know to learn something new.
Read more
Programming has made me think more analytically
The main reason I chose AI is that it is very broad and covers a multitude of subjects in different fields. It's perfect since I am widely interested and I didn't want to commit to one specific field.
The subjects I enjoyed most are logic, cognitive psychology and linguistics. I like the way logic and programming have made me think more analytically. Programming has been hard for me though, especially persevering with an assignment when all hope seems to be lost. This is something I am still working on.
In my free time I like to play and listen to music and have drinks at my LGBT-student association Ganymedes. I also do committee work there, as I enjoy being an active member. | https://www.rug.nl/bachelors/artificial-intelligence/ |
petMD Blogs
The Daily Vet is a blog featuring veterinarians from all walks of life. Every week they will tackle entertaining, interesting, and sometimes difficult topics in the world of animal medicine – all in the hopes that their unique insights and personal experiences will help you to understand your pets.
In my years of veterinary practice, I haven’t felt an overwhelming urge to test my patients to determine the exact nature of their breed mix. Overall, I’ve not observed a trend where being of a specific breed designates an unwavering certainty that a particular illness will occur.
Instead, a stronger correlation seems to exist between a pet’s size (i.e., small, medium, large, and giant for dogs) and the potential for a certain disease to occur. For example, small dogs tend to have having poor periodontal health, while large dogs are commonly afflicted by orthopedic conditions.
Yet knowing my patients’ breed combinations can spur the awareness of unique disease conditions that are known to affect a particular breed. For example, herding breeds like the Australian Shepherd, Collie, Shetland Sheepdog, and others may have a defect in the multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1) which yields an increased likelihood that adverse reactions to medications may occur. What are these medications? Well, there’s quite a variety, including:
Antiparasitics — ivermectin, milbemycin, etc.
Antidiarrheals — loperamide (Immodium), etc.
Anticancer agents — doxorubicin, vinctristine, etc.
Fortunately for the dogs that could be negatively impacted by the administration of these drugs, the Veterinary Clinical Pathology Lab at Washington State University offers a blood or cheek swab test to determine if a defect in the MDR1 gene exists.
Recently, I had a client seeking clarity on the mix of breeds that went into creating the composite that was her family’s new canine companion. From a standpoint of care provision, knowing if my patient had a defect in the MDR1 gene would lend valuable insight as to whether he could show an adverse reaction to the above mentioned drugs.
This was the first time I received such a request, so I pursued some guidance from experts at the Veterinary Information Network (VIN) as to their recommendation for a test that was touted to be the most reliable. Subsequently, I ordered a MARS Wisdom Panel Insights test and collected a sample from my patient.
Fortunately, just a small quantity of cells from the inside of a dog’s cheek is needed. Collection requires that either pet owner or care provider use the provided wire brush (like that used to clear a drainage pipe) to swab the inside of the patient’s cheek for a period of at least 30 seconds. In an impatient and squirmy puppy, this can present somewhat of a challenge.
Once our sample was collected, it was placed in a convenient postage-paid envelope and shipped back to the manufacturer. A few weeks later, we had our results.
The Wisdom Panel® Insights computer algorithm performed over seven million calculations using 11 different models (from a single breed to complex combinations of breeds) to predict the most likely combination of pure and mixed breed dogs in the last 3 ancestral generations that best fit the DNA marker pattern observed in (my patient).
So, what did my patient turn out to be? It turns out he’s a blend of Alaskan Malamute mixed breed and Australian Koolie mixed breed. Further, his grandparents were also combinations of Alaskan Malamute mixed breed and Australian Koolie mixed breed.
There are some likely contenders making up the mixed breeds that contributed to the genetic material. The MARS report explained …
We have identified for you the 5 next best breed matches which appeared in the analysis of your dog's DNA. One or more of these breeds could have contributed to the genetic makeup of the ancestors indicated by the mixed breed icon. The breeds are listed by the relative strength of each result in our analysis with the most likely at the top of the list. There could also be a breed or breeds present in the mixed breed component that we cannot detect with our current database of purebred dogs.
So, my patient’s top five include:
1. Finnish Spitz, 8.33%
2. Golden Retriever, 7.77%
3. German Shepherd Dog, 7.27%
4. Afghan Hound, 4.85%
5. Catahoula Leopard Dog, 3.16%
So he is part Catahola Leopard Dog after all. At least his mix of breeds does not put him on the list of candidates potentially suffering health problems as a result of the MDR1 gene defect.
What do you think about genetic testing to determine what breeds compose a mixed breed dog?
Thank you for your comments.
Yes, there does exist a test for the defective MDR1 gene.
http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/depts-VCPL/index.aspx
Some of the veterinary oncologists I work with also will run this test in order to determine a pet's potential sensitivity (i.e. intolerance) to certain chemotherapy drugs.
Dr. PM
Thank you for your comments.
Yes, certainly it with the potential for our next breed dogs to have varying genetic make up's, knowing what combinations of genes could potentially be involved can both satisfy one's curiosity and provide general health information.
Dr. PM
It is very interesting indeed. I have heard anecdotal reports of these tests having questionable reliability - same dog tested more than once has come up with different results each time. The MARS test recommendation is helpful.
As a trainer, I tend to rely more on behavior and movement to improve my guess-timation on the breed in front of me. I teach tracking and odor detection, where breed traits are helpful to know in order to organize the best methods for success. Most important is motivation - what does this dog want, and what might it likely do to get what it wants? A dog that prefers to search with its eyes (most herding/guardian breeds) will learn to use its nose if the visual is hidden and the only option to reach the object of its desire is scent, we need to have that object be something really special. For scent-oriented breeds (scent hounds and most hunting breeds) the desire is built into the search, and the reward is secondary. This is highly significant for trainers. One size does NOT fit all. This is one reason that purebred or purpose bred dogs make the most reliable working dogs, and why so few shelter dogs are successful in search and recovery work. It can happen, of course, but most handlers who provide their own dogs stack the deck in their favor by choosing dogs carefully from knowledgeable breeders. Unfortunately, mixed breed dogs, and dog breeds that the trainer is unfamiliar with, can wash out of the process more than is necessary. I have seen how this happens - falls upon that old saying "if the only tool you have is a hammer, EVERYTHING looks like a nail." Trainers in law enforcement, for example, are more familiar with herding and working breeds, and their training protocols are geared towards using only one 'motivation' - either a ball or tug reward. Give these guys a bloodhound, and sell it on the basis of its superior scenting ability, and you may not have success with the standard training methods. Good luck with getting a bloodie to work for a ball . . . ;-) The good news is these hound breeds usually work out in spite of the lack of interest in toys, because they are hard wired to follow their nose, but the trainer needs to understand breed traits in-depth in order to get the most out of the process.
Things like DNA markers for health risks are good to know, but there is more to this knowledge, more to gain. In my experience, the staff at most animal shelters are not terribly knowledgeable about dog behavior, least of all specific breed behavior traits, and rely almost exclusively on appearance to identify the mix. The common wisdom - I do mean common - is that dog breeds are based on appearance, primarily. But that is putting the sock on inside out. Dog breeds - with a few exceptions - were developed to do a job, behavior, foremost. The appearance comes along for the ride in the basic canine world. It can be said that appearance has a purpose, and in many ways is part of the intended job . . . to show off the owner's status, to be small enough to carry, to have a warm coat, to look intimidating, all for one, one for all. The National Geographic Magazine Feb. 2012 has an amazing series on dog breeds, I highly recommend it, it should be required reading for anyone dealing with canines: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/02/build-a-dog/ratliff-text
It's also interesting that you used appearance to determine the mix of breeds with mixed results. If these DNA tests continue to improve, I can see how they can give vets and trainers and pet owners valuable information. Right now, they seem a little frivolous, don't you think? Better would be tests for specific issues, which actually exist in most breeds already. My breed has done extensive work in health issues, to our great advantage. We have reduced the incidence of hypothyroidism - one of the most common health issues in dogs - to below the general canine population average.
It would be wonderful if experts can freely share the knowledge gained over years of observation of dogs - right now there is noticeable resistance to this learning. I don't know why for sure, but I suspect that many people in the shelter and rescue world are offended by breeders in general, and tend to downplay, pooh-pooh the reasons why people might prefer a purebred or purpose bred dog to a roll of the dice at a shelter.
Thank you for your comments.
It's great to hear that you have contributed to the reduction of hypothyroidism in your dog's breed (which was what?). It is probably one of the most common endocrine abnormalities of pets and seems to be so multifactorial in its incidence (obesity, chronic inflammation/infection, occurring secondary to medications/toxins, etc. Are all correlated).
Thank you for the link to the National Geographic article.
Dr. PM
Dr. Patrick, the breed is PBGV. I am not certain of the details behind the hypothyroid stats - since I am not a breeder, I have not done research from that end, but as a working dog handler, I care about health trends, and attend seminars at our national specialty shows, couple of noteable ones with Dr. Dodds and Dr. Jerold Bell. PBGVs are a CHIC breed. Wish I could be more help.
There does seem to be a link between early spay/neuter and hypothyroidism, also hemangio-sarcoma. Not only was my first PBGV hypothyroid by age 4, she died of hemangio-sarcoma at age 11 years and 11 months.
Thank you for clarifying the dog breed.
I'm sorry to hear about the health issues affecting your first PBGV. Hopefully, with good breeding and wellness practices, these diseases will be less common/severe in future generations of the breed.
Dr. PM
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The most important factor that contributes to a successful software project is ensuring that the development staff has a good understanding of the requirements. Incorrect requirements almost guarantee incorrect software behavior. Most often, however, the requirements aren't clearly incorrect, but rather they are vague, ambiguous, or make incorrect assumptions about the best way to apply technology to solve the problem.
The original title of this post was "Writing Good Software Requirements", but I realized after writing the previous paragraph (irony noted) that writing good requirements is actually part of the problem. Having written software my entire adult life and much of my childhood, I've been most effective writing software for myself. This software has always done exactly what it was supposed to do (technical bugs notwithstanding) and the reason is because I had a visceral and complete understanding of the problem I was trying to solve and what factors would directly influence my impression of success.
It follows then, that the number one goal is to effectively communicate the problem that the software is meant to solve. By far, the most effective way to do this is to make the developer have the problem you want solved. Need a better solution for authoring blog posts offline? tell a developer that this is the only way they can do it and I guarantee you'll get a decent solution. Yes, it will likely need some visual tweaks and you'll need to make some changes to accomodate users that are NOT developers, but the essence of the problem will be solved very quickly.
This is obviously not a way to do things in the real world, but thinking about the problem leads us to some basic rules to follow when gathering and communicating requirements:
Step 1 - State the problem clearly
A common misstep, especially when the person assembling the requirements is technical, is to skip outlining exactly what the problem actually is. Folks will jump immediately to a solution and assume everybody understands why we need it. For example, let's supposed we are create a system to enable users to write blog posts. For the author, one problem with online editors (like blogspot) is that it's not possible to author posts offline. One version of the requirement is to say something like "enable users to run a copy of the blogging platform on their local machine".
There are probably a thousand business analysts who looked at that statement curiously and thought "that's PERFECT, what could possibly be wrong with that as a requirement?". Well, there are a number of problems, but first and foremost, it makes a rather large assumption about the mechanism that should be used to do the offline editing. This leads to a situation where it limits the developer's ability to use the technological assets at their disposal to solve the problem.
The better way to communicate the requirement is to start with a statement of the problem. "Users cannot author blog posts when their computer is not connected to the internet". This initial statement gets the developer thinking about the REAL problem, and not imagining other possible reasons that someone might want to run a copy of the blogging platform locally. More importantly, it also enables the developer to start creatively thinking about the problem in terms of the end user instead of as merely a technical problem to be implemented. This has the added benefit of forcing (one would hope) the developer to start taking ownership of both the problem and it's solution and helps avoid a situation where one implements a really crappy solution to the problem "because that's what they asked for".
Step 2 - Clearly express non functional requirements
Once the problem has been clearly articulated, the next step is to clearly communicate what other factors will influence the success of a solution. These factors might be "Users should be able to author offline posts in their iPhone" and "users shouldn't need to download any additional software to use the solution". These requirements are what architects would refer to as "non-functional requirements" or NFRs. The problem with these statements is that , again, the developer is left to their own devices as to WHY these requirements even exist, which leads us to:
Step 3 - Clearly express the reason for the non functional requirements
A super way to communicate these is to explain (from a business or user perspective) WHY it is important for these requirements to be met. The iPhone requirement might state something like "20% of our customers have iPhones and we believe we can capture this market and increase our market share by this amount if we have this capability". For the second NFR, it could be something like "90% of our users are non-technical and we believe they would not be willing to install additional software for this capability"
If you are a person responsible for communicating requirements to developers, starting with these three steps will guarantee that you're starting on a solid base and will enable you to supercharge your development team. Realistically, using these simple steps as the cornerstones of your requirements gathering process will yield immediate positive results. If your developers are complaining about "bad requirements" or you feel that the software your development staff is unable to produce the desired results, take a look at what you're communicating to them and make sure these things are being accomplished.
In a subsequent post, I'll outline some more specific pitfalls when expressing requirements (especially in written form) and give some helpful tips on how to avoid them.
Published at DZone with permission of Michael Mainguy, DZone MVB. See the original article here.
Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own. | https://dzone.com/articles/effectively-communicating |
In this first part of this session PwC will provide educational introduction to several automation technologies, including robotics process automation (RPA), machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI). We will describe the individual characteristics of each technology, including strengths and limitations, as well as practical uses of these technologies. In the second part of the session, PwC will lead a series of activities, using design-thinking techniques to identify pre-competitive opportunities in the clinical development process where automation technologies can have the most impact, followed by a team effort to co-create and refine selected automation use-cases. At the end of the session, a contest will be held where all participants will vote for the top three use cases.
-
Objectives:
- Learn fundamentals of advanced analytics, robotics process automation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.
- Learn about characteristics of each technology, appropriate use cases and best practices
- Identify practical and pragmatic uses cases for the applications of automation technologies within clinical development
- Leverage design-thinking approaches in team settings to elicit and co-create use cases
Pre-Conference Workshop 2*
Preparing Data for a Regulatory Submission
Fred Wood, Data Standards Consulting Group
Requirements exist for the submission of standardized electronic study data to the FDA. This workshop will summarize the regulatory basis for submitting such data, provide an overview of the standards that govern such submissions, and discuss the additional support files necessary for a complete submission.
Objectives:
- Understand the regulatory basis for the requirements for electronic data and standardized electronic study data
- Become aware of the specific data standards the agency expects
- Recognize that additional documents/files are required to support the submission of study data
Please note that this preliminary program is subject to change. | https://scdm2019.org/program-overview/ |
In this article
Lying is an everyday behavior and is often considered a normal element of interpersonal relationships. Pathological liars are people who tend to tell compulsive lies even when the motive is unclear. In some cases, lies tend to lead to some form of benefit in social interactions, such as when one wishes to avoid embarrassment. Although there are people who lie more frequently compared to others, lying is not often seen as a sign of underlying mental health problems. Conversely, compulsive lying is perceived as a mental health illness such as a personality disorder. In this article, we present a detailed analysis of the issues of uncontrolled liars. Read on to learn more.
What Is Compulsive Lying? How Is It Different?
Although lying is a common occurrence in social interactions, we are dissuaded from this behavior from early on in life, with numerous moral overtones. Simply put, the normal thing is for people to tell the truth. In fact, history recognizes religious doctrines that have strongly encouraged people to avoid bearing false witness. That said, research shows that lying happens as frequently as once or twice every day for most people. Lying in this sense means giving out a false statement with the intention of deceiving and gaining or obtaining benefits. Since lying is commonplace and widespread, coming up with a pathological form of the behavior requires an understanding of the phenomenology.
In most instances, lying is referred to as the intentional communicating of false info with the objective of deceiving. In clinical practice, patients who share false information while in different psychiatric states may not be seen as lying as their objective is not explicitly intended to mislead. The bottom line is that lies come in different levels and intentions and are told in varying frequencies.
So how do we differentiate between the individual who lies a lot and a compulsive liar? According to some scholars, one can be defined as being an obsessive liar when the lying is lop-sided, obstinate, prevalent, and not motivated by external factors like rewards. The main element of uncontrolled lying is, therefore, the obsessive nature of the deeds as the person may not be able to control his or her habit. In other words, pathological liars may be incapable of controlling their lying.
Please note that a person can only be said to be a compulsive liar if he or she has lied on several occasions. Confusion exists, however, when it comes to defining precisely the number of times a person needs to have lied to be defined as a pathological liar. Taken from a psychological perspective, lying, though complex, is simply a type of behavior. What makes any behavior abnormal in this sense is not the frequency with which it occurs or the purpose served, but rather the level of control exercised by the individual over it.
Nevertheless, the fact that compulsive lies may end up causing more damage than good and are not tied to rewards or intended benefits does not appear to be a coherent reason to categorize the behavior as a psychological illness. However, an apparent lack of control that exists when it comes to pathological lying is what worries psychiatrists. In other words, for one to be seen as a compulsive liar, he or she must lie despite any reason, without any sense of control over the behavior. If this is true, then there would be no pathological lies, but only pathological liars. If evidence of compulsivity, extreme impulsivity, and brain disfunction, customary lying cannot be seen as a judgment or indication of an underlying mental health condition.
How to Identify Pathological Liars | What to Look For
Compulsive lying is the performance of characteristic or obsessive lying. It is very different from telling a white lie every now and then to avoid causing harm or when in trouble. In fact, the compulsive liar may not even have a motive for his or her behavior, making the condition challenging to diagnose.
To some degree, compulsive lying may be the outcome of a mental condition like sociopathy. The bottom line is that someone who tells lies impulsively is considered to be a pathological liar. Although there seem to be many likely motives for lying, obsessive lying is not well understood as a consistent behavior. For some people, lies are told to make themselves look like victims or heroes with the goal of obtaining sympathy or recognition.
There is proof insinuating that some complications that impact the central nervous system may make certain individuals be predisposed to lying more than others. Compulsive lying is also a known element in some common disorders like an antisocial personality disorder. Also, there is proof suggesting that head injuries and trauma may make it more likely for people to become pathological liars. Lying in this nature is habitual in the sense that the more lies you tell, the more frequently your lying gets noticed.
Common Characteristics of Pathological Liars
Very little is known about habitual liars. Although some individuals may lie to avoid punishment or uncomfortable situations, pathological liars do not have intended benefits or clear objectives. Here are some common defining attributes:
- No clear benefit — Compulsive liars don’t have something to profit from their behavior;
- The lies are often dramatic and detailed — While there may be an element of exaggeration, there may be convincing details in the lies;
- The story tellers often portray themselves as the sufferer or hero — The stories are often intended to make the liar the subject of admiration, acceptance, or sympathy;
- The lair occasionally believes the stories — Although the stories may sound delusional, an uncontrolled liar may believe that the events actually happened.
Learn More About Pathological Liars Here
Finding a way to identify people as pathological liars can be an important step in allowing a better understanding of the condition. Research is ongoing on the diagnostic elements of the condition. Join us in the discussion to share your views. | https://therapy-reviews.com/blog/personality-disorders/pathological-liars-understanding-compulsive-lying/ |
DuPont analysis (also known as the DuPont identity, DuPont equation, DuPont framework, DuPont model or the DuPont method) is an expression which breaks ROE (return on equity) into three parts.
The name comes from the DuPont company that began using this formula in the 1920s. DuPont explosives salesman Donaldson Brown invented the formula in an internal efficiency report in 1912.
Basic formula
ROE = (Profit margin) *(Asset turnover) *(Equity multiplier) = (Net profit/Sales) *(Sales/Average Total Assets) *(Average Total Assets/Average Equity) = (Net Profit/Equity)
Or
Profit/Sales*Sales/Assets = Profit/Assets*Assets/Equity
Or
ROE = ROS*AT=ROA*Leverage
Profitability (measured by profit margin)
Asset efficiency (measured by asset turnover)
Financial leverage (measured by equity multiplier)
The DuPont analysis breaks down ROE (that is, the returns that investors receive from a single dollar of equity) into three distinct elements. This analysis enables the analyst to understand the source of superior (or inferior) return by comparison with companies in similar industries (or between industries).
The DuPont analysis is less useful for industries such as investment banking, in which the underlying elements are not meaningful. Variations of the DuPont analysis have been developed for industries where the elements are weakly meaningful.
DuPont analysis = Net profit margin x Asset turnover x Equity multiplier
Each of these factors represents the result of a separate formula. When you replace the factors in the DuPont analysis equation with the formulas that make up each component, the DuPont analysis equation looks like this:
DuPont analysis = (net income / revenue) x (sales / average total assets) x (average total assets / average shareholders’ equity)
Net profit margin
The net profit margin is a ratio that represents the percentage of profits a business has remaining for every dollar of revenue after it deducts its expenses. You can calculate the net profit margin by dividing a company’s net profits by its total revenues. When written as an equation, the formula for calculating net profit margin is:
Net profit margin = Net income / Revenue
Net profit margin is a common profitability measure. As a business’s net profit margin increases, its return on equity also increases. The primary concept of net profit margin is that a business can increase its profit margins by reducing its costs, increasing its prices or a combination of both.
Total asset turnover
Total asset turnover is a ratio that represents how efficient a business is at using its assets to make sales and generate revenue. To calculate total asset turnover, divide the company’s revenues by its average assets. The equation used to represent the total asset turnover formula is:
Total asset turnover = Revenue / Average assets
As a business’s total asset turnover ratio increases, its return on equity also increases. Typically, a company’s total asset turnover ratio inversely relates to its net profit margin. This means the higher a company’s net profit margin is, the lower its asset turnover rate is and vice versa.
This makes it possible for investors and financial decision-makers to accurately compare a company that uses a high-profit, low-volume business model to a similar company that uses a low-profit, high-volume business model. They can then use their comparison to determine which company is better at driving return on equity for its shareholders.
Equity multiplier
The equity multiplier measures a company’s financial leverage and represents the portion of a company’s return on equity ratio that results from debt. You can find a company’s equity multiplier by dividing its average total assets by its average shareholders’ equity. The formula for calculating the equity multiplier is:
Equity multiplier = Average assets / average equity
As a company’s equity multiplier increases, its return on equity ratio also increases. Ideally, a business uses enough debt to finance its operations and growth without having excess debt, which keeps its equity multiplier low. Sometimes a business tries to boost its return on equity ratio by taking on excess debt. By including the equity multiplier in its formula, the DuPont analysis model gives investors an accurate measure of the company’s financial leverage to use when making investment decisions. | https://theintactone.com/2022/01/09/du-point-analysis/ |
We’ve been discussing the concepts of ideation and the workshop activities that we do to generate ideas. These activities use the intent behind ‘brainstorming’ – not that I am recommending the common form, let me explain why.
The method that springs to mind when we mention ‘brainstorming’ is for a facilitator to capture ideas onto a whiteboard while people call them out. There are many issues with using the method in this way related to good old human nature such as our tendencies to focus on the first theme mentioned or our tendency to defer to people in positions of perceived higher status.
There are many better ways to generate ideas from design thinking and other facilitation approaches such as
- Silent brainstorming
- Rapid sketching
- Surfacing assumptions and generating hypotheses
What if we are working on a big, important goal? There are many questions that we overlook because it’s easy to make the assumption that once was enough and doing a process of discovery again might generate more work than we desire.
- Should we facilitate only one of these idea-generation sessions with one group of people?
- How can we know if we have looked at the goal from enough angles?
- If we should do it more than once, then how many times and how much time between the sessions?
Perhaps this is the original intent behind governance processes. We know that humans are very creative and are likely to learn much at the beginning of a piece of work that leads to more interesting ideas as we proceed. In an idealistic world, the process of governance is a way of checking in with a bunch of smart people to help us identify key decisions and make those decisions in a timely manner.
Those same smart people can also assist with identification of the needs to re-discover – perhaps they have learned something useful from elsewhere that could help us to reach our goal sooner or obtain better outcomes. This new information might be a reason to facilitate another ideation session – but how many of us would want to set that up? It seems much easier to take the new information and simply work it into our current set of tasks.
How can you tell and why should you revisit old ground?
Things change, information is not static and the believed facts can also change with time as a better understanding is developed.
So if we acknowledge this reality then the attitude that we should only plan, then act, denies the fact of change. Imagine a set and forget toy on a table, the inevitable outcome is that it will eventually fall off. This is the very reason why biology, engineering, mechanics and programming are full of feed back loops and reiterations, so monitoring and corrections can be made. It is naive to think our projects are somehow exempt from change.
The size, complexity, number of inter-dependencies all increase the requirements for re-discovery, so we should always be asking ourselves if it makes sense to continue, or to pause and do some form of re-discovery at regular intervals. | https://kb2bkb.com/Kb/?p=693 |
Jupiter's great red spot isn't the only storm churning the gas giant's planet. Images from the Juno spacecraft revealed a number of Earth-sized cyclones swirling in Jupiter's south pole. NASA released the stunning images as part of the spacecraft's continued monitoring of the Jovian system.
What causes these immense cyclones in the Solar System?
There are many theories about the formation of this massive cyclone systems but none are definitive. One of the most popular theories is the interaction between Jupiter's strong magnetic field and its atmosphere.
Some scientists also believe that Jupiter is destined to be a star but due to events that happened 4.5 billion years ago, it didn't ignited and became the largest planet in the Solar System.
According to Scott Bolton, principal researcher from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Jupiter surprised them with the recent atmospheric photographs. He added that due to the images of these multiple cyclones, they had to rethink everything they know about the gas giant.
The Juno spacecraft also discovered that Jupiter's magnetic field is ten times stronger that once believed. It is revealed that the magnetic field of the planet is uneven indicating that the field is created somewhere near the surface.
This information could lead to a better understanding of Jupiter and how massive gas planets are created.
What will be the next objective of the Juno spacecraft?
The Juno spacecraft was launched on 5th August 2011. Its mission is the explore the Jovian system and bring back information about the planet's magnetic field, atmospheric composition and visual observations.
After almost four years of travel, the spacecraft reached Jupiter and has since sent back amazing images of the gas planet.
NASA had equipped Juno with eight instruments and a high-definition camera. At the moment, the spacecraft revolves around Jupiter and once every 53 days, it approaches the planet from the north pole. It then transits Jupiter from pole to pole in two hours and shoots back out to space.
On July 11, the Juno spacecraft will fly directly over the famous great red spot, which is a massive cyclone that has been raging from more than three centuries. Until now, little is known about the great red spot, how it was created and why does it remain in one place and not dissipate like storms in our planet. This fly over will yield massive information about the this massive gas planet and may unlock more secrets about this amazing planet. | https://us.blastingnews.com/news/2017/05/nasa-discovered-earth-sized-cyclones-in-jupiters-poles-scientists-are-baffled-001728411.html |
Home AJWS Blog Ikal Angelei, Director of AJWS Grantee in Kenya, Wins the Goldman Prize!
It brings me great pleasure to share that Ikal Angelei, director of AJWS grantee Friends of Lake Turkana in Kenya is one of the winners of the 2012 Goldman Prize! She was awarded this prestigious prize for risking her life fighting the construction of the massive Gibe 3 Dam that would block access to water for indigenous communities around Lake Turkana. The Goldman Prize annually honors grassroots environmental heroes from Africa, Asia, Europe, Islands and Island Nations, North America, and South and Central America. The Prize recognizes individuals for sustained and significant efforts to protect and enhance the natural environment, often at great personal risk.
When Ikal Angelei learned about the Gibe 3 dam and the potentially devastating effects it would have on her community, the indigenous Turkana people of Kenya, she was outraged. The dam, currently under construction in Ethiopia, will be sub-Saharan Africa’s largest hydropower project and one of its most destructive. If completed, it will irreversibly impact the lives of half a million indigenous people living around Kenya’s Lake Turkana and along Ethiopia’s Omo River, threatening their ways of life and increasing inter-ethnic conflicts over natural resources. As one of the only women from her community to achieve higher education and return to work in the isolated Turkana region, Ikal felt an overwhelming obligation not only to inform the many indigenous groups who would be affected by the project, but to mobilize opposition to it. At the age of 28, she founded Friends of Lake Turkana (FoLT) to fight for environmental justice for Lake Turkana’s communities.
Ikal understood that FoLT would need to act quickly and at multiple levels. She began by raising awareness among the Kenyan communities that would be affected by the dam. Long marginalized by the central government, Lake Turkana’s indigenous communities contend with Kenya’s highest rates of poverty, unemployment and illiteracy. The region is geographically isolated and struggles over scarce resources have been exacerbated by the proliferation of small arms. Ikal initially focused on the western shores of the lake, an area populated predominantly by the Turkana. She sat with elders, chiefs and opinion leaders and told them about the Gibe 3 project. When the BBC created a documentary in March 2009 about the lack of transparency surrounding the Gibe 3 project, FoLT went from village to village with a generator and television and held screenings.
While raising awareness among the lake’s communities, Ikal also contacted the area’s members of parliament (MPs). She brought them together with Dr. Richard Leakey, a prominent anthropologist and founder of the Turkana Basin Institute, to educate them about the dam and encourage them to work with local leaders. In addition to lobbying MPs, FoLT has advocated to the Ministries of Environment, Energy, Water and Irrigation, and Fisheries Development to reconsider Kenya’s power-purchasing deal with Ethiopia and to protect the rights of Lake Turkana communities. When these efforts failed to yield results, FoLT filed suit in Kenya’s high court against the government and the Kenya Power and Lighting Company which had entered into the agreement with Ethiopia to purchase 500 megawatts generated by the Gibe 3 dam.
FoLT has forged alliances with local groups fighting destructive dams in other countries and with international organizations working at the intersection of natural resource rights, indigenous peoples’ rights and equitable development. Ikal has cultivated strong allies such as International Rivers, a well-established organization opposed to destructive dams, to bring the issue to international attention. In the past year, along with International Rivers, FoLT joined forces with the international organizations Survival International, Counter Balance and the Campaign for the Reform of the World Bank to launch a global “Stop Gibe 3” campaign.
FoLT has conducted direct advocacy to the institutions considering financing the Gibe 3 dam. To the World Bank and European Investment Bank, Ikal highlighted how Ethiopia’s construction contract process—a no-bid award to Italian firm Salini Costruttori—violated international transparency rules and conflicted with the banks’ policies. Ikal filed a formal complaint to the African Development Bank arguing that the government of Ethiopia’s failure to consult with Lake Turkana communities in Kenya as well as its poor impact assessment in Ethiopia merited investigation and intervention by the bank. Five international organizations, including International Rivers, reiterated the request to the African Development Bank shortly thereafter. Ikal made the same request for investigation to the European Investment Bank.
Under Ikal’s leadership, FoLT has brought together Lake Turkana’s divided and marginalized indigenous communities, created national awareness of the Gibe 3 project and spurred widespread international efforts to halt the dam’s construction. The communities of Lake Turkana now speak with a unified voice, determined to thwart this threat to their livelihoods. MPs representing the project-affected region understand the potential harm the Gibe 3 will cause and have protested alongside Turkana communities. The campaign against the dam has captured national and international media attention, creating an international dialogue about the social and environmental impacts of the Gibe 3 and the rights of the communities that would be affected. The movement is now propelled by the voices of the lake’s indigenous communities, Kenyan lawmakers, academics and scientists, and local and international organizations.
FoLT’s advocacy to international institutions—highlighting the various risks to communities as well as Ethiopia’s lack of transparency—has doubtless affected investors’ willingness to fund the dam and prompted them to conduct their own assessments of the project’s potential impacts. The European Investment Bank, which was considering providing up to $341 million in financing for the Gibe 3, funded an independent environmental and social impact assessment for the Lake Turkana area. The bank did not disclose the results of the assessment, but announced in June 2010 that it was withdrawing support for the Gibe 3 dam.
The “Stop Gibe 3” campaign continues to grow. FoLT, together with several environmental groups, delivered a petition, with almost 400 organizational signatures, to Ethiopian embassies in France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the U.K. and the U.S. calling on Ethiopia to suspend the project unless it receives the free and informed consent of the communities affected. Their online petition has garnered more than 15,000 individual signatures.
On a more personal level, I have had the honor to spend a good amount of time with Ikal in her community in northern Kenya. In February, I spent three days with her – discussing FoLT’s strategy, how AJWS can best support her growing organization and visiting the communities where she works. I spent countless hours driving through the barren desert to visit community leaders, a woman’s group in an IDP grant, and fishermen whose lives would all be hugely damaged by the Gibe 3 dam. All of these people described to me the importance of the lake in their lives and the amazing work that FoLT was doing in their communities. Although many of the people that we visited were living in dire poverty – I could feel that people in the communities that we visited finally felt empowered to advocate for their rights. In my mind, FoLT is a perfect example of what grassroots advocacy can accomplish.
Congratulations to Ikal for this amazing accomplishment. To support Ikal’s work, sign the petition on the “Stop Gibe 3” website, follow FoLT on Facebook or Twitter, and check FoLT’s website for updates on Ikal’s fight against the dam. | https://ajws.org/blog/ikal-angelei-director-of-ajws-grantee-in-kenya-wins-the-goldman-prize/ |
Materials for Adhesion and Luting
Cementation is one of the final steps in the sequence of clinical procedures for indirect restorations. There are two objectives for the cementation, or luting, procedure: to help retain the restoration in place and to maintain the integrity of the remaining tooth structure. Retention is achieved by friction (or micromechanical interlocking), by an adhesive joint consisting of the prepared tooth, the cement, and the restoration, or a combination of both mechanisms. An effective interfacial seal depends on the ability of the cement to fill the irregularities between the tooth and the restoration and to resist the action of the oral environment, short and long term. Adhesion is also important in this context, because a strong bond between the luting agent and the dental substrates may help prevent bacteria from colonizing the interface and minimizing the transit of fluids that may cause dentin hypersensitivity.
This chapter presents the basic aspects of the application of adhesion science to dentistry and describes the composition, properties, manipulation, and indications for use of acid-base and resin-based cements. Acid-base cements are easy to use and, when correctly indicated, provide good long-term clinical service. Some release fluoride and bond to tooth structures. Resin cements have a chemistry based on resin composites. They show high bond strengths to tooth structures. Some products also contain monomers or are compatible with primers that enable bonding to metal alloys and ceramics. In general, resin cements have better mechanical properties than acid-base cements, but the cementation process is more technique sensitive.
The fundamental technologies and chemistries used to formulate the various types of adhesives and luting cements are derived from their corresponding restorative materials. However, in most cases modifications have been made to create formulations suitable for a particular clinical application in terms of viscosity and handling characteristics.
Different clinical situations require different luting agents and no one material is indicated for every case. Therefore, it is important to differentiate luting cements based on their mechanical properties and overall characteristics to identify the best options available for each clinical situation.
Principles of Adhesion
The creation of a strong, durable, and bonded interface with enamel or dentin provides important benefits. It significantly protects the restoration’s interface against penetration of bacteria that may cause secondary caries. It reduces the need for retentive areas in the preparation that would require removal of sound tooth structure. In some cases, bonding may help strengthen the remaining tooth structure. The development of adhesive luting techniques also broadened the application of materials such as low-strength ceramics and indirect composites for crowns, inlays, and onlays.
The term adhesion refers to the establishment of molecular interactions between a substrate (adherend) and an adhesive brought into close contact, creating an adhesive joint (Figure 13-1). Cohesion is used to describe the interaction of similar atoms and molecules within a material, involving primary (i.e., covalent or ionic) or strong secondary forces (i.e., hydrogen bonding).
In dentistry, true chemical bonding between the tooth structure and restorative or luting materials is very difficult to achieve, because of the complex composition of some substrates such as dentin, the presence of contaminants, and the presence of water. Zinc polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, and self-adhesive resin cements are examples of dental materials capable of establishing chemical interaction with hydroxyapatite. However, in daily practice, adhesion is accomplished by micromechanical interlocking between the adhesive and the substrate. It is important to point out that when two materials are in close contact, physical bonding is always present (e.g., van der Waals dipoles); however, it is weak and does not really contribute significantly to the integrity of the adhesive joint.
A dental sealant attached to enamel is an example of a simple adhesive joint with one interface. Often times, however, adhesive joints involve more than one interface (e.g., tooth/adhesive and adhesive/restorative or luting material), which presents an extra challenge because an adhesive does not necessarily bond equally well to different substrates (see Figure 2-1.
The most basic aspect to be observed in creating any adhesive joint is the cleanliness of the substrate. Saliva, biofilm, and other organic debris are always present on the tooth surface. The walls of a cavity preparation are covered with a smear layer. All of these contaminants reduce the surface energy of the bonding substrate and, consequently, its wettability. Therefore, it is very important for the surface that will contact the adhesive to be thoroughly clean and, in some cases, for the smear layer to be removed by acid etching. Indirect restorations also need to have their internal surface cleaned and free from films that may impede the penetration of the adhesive.
Wettability is the result of molecular interactions between the adhesive and the substrate, as well as the cohesion forces of the adhesive, particularly its surface tension. Liquids tend to form spheres when placed on a surface because that is the shape with the lowest surface area and, therefore, the minimum surface energy (Figure 13-2). Wetting is usually evaluated by the contact angle (θ), that is, the internal angle between the liquid and the substrate. Generally, small contact angles are achieved when a low surface tension liquid is placed on a high-energy surface substrate. Contact angles less than 90 degrees indicate a favorable wetting of the surface. Ideal wetting occurs when the liquid spreads over the surface with θ ≈ 0 degrees. Surface roughness increases the wettability of the surface by liquids.
Viscosity influences the contact of the adhesive with the substrate. It should be low enough to allow the adhesive to flow readily and penetrate into the details of the substrate surface, without leaving porosities at the interface. Finally, the adhesive must set sufficiently to create strong interlocks with the substrate microstructure to achieve micromechanical retention.
Adhesive Systems
Classification and Basic Components
Adhesive systems can rely on different approaches to obtain a strong and durable bond to dentin and enamel. They are classified according to the etching strategy as etch-and-rinse or self-etch. Etch-and-rinse (also referred to as total-etch) systems can be presented as three-step systems, that is, etching, priming, and bonding in separate application steps. Alternatively, two-step systems present primer and bonding resin mixed in a single component. Etching uses 30% to 40% phosphoric acid gels to demineralize the tooth structure. Acid etchants are also called conditioners to disguise the fact that most are relatively strong acids (pH less than 1.0). Originally, etching solutions were free-flowing liquids and were difficult to control during placement. Gel etchants were developed by adding small amounts of microfiller or cellulose thickening agents. These gels flow under slight pressure but do not flow under their own weight.
Primers are hydrophilic monomers, oligomers, or polymers, usually carried in a solvent. The solvents used in primers are acetone, ethanol-water, or primarily water. In some primers, the solvent levels can be as high as 90%. Therefore, primers have different evaporation rates, drying patterns, and penetration characteristics, all of which can influence the resulting bond strength. Dimethacrylate oligomers and lower-molecular-weight monomers can be added to the primer in two-step etch-and-rinse systems, or presented as a separate step in three-step systems or in self-etch two-step systems.
Self-etch systems contain ester monomers with grafted carboxylic or phosphate acid groups dissolved in water. According to their aggressiveness, these systems can be divided into strong (pH of 1 or less), moderate (pH between 1 and 2), or mild (pH of 2 or greater). They can be presented as two-step systems, with a hydrophobic bonding resin in a separate bottle (also known as self-etching primers) or single component systems (all-in-one systems).
Most bonding agents are light-cured and contain an activator such as camphorquinone and an organic amine. Dual-cured bonding agents include a catalyst to promote self-curing. Although most bonding agents are unfilled, some products contain nanofillers and submicron glasses ranging from 0.5% to 40% by weight. Fillers are described in more detail in Chapter 9. Filled bonding agents may be easier to place on the tooth and may produce higher in vitro bond strengths. Bonding agents may contain fluoride, antimicrobial ingredients, or desensitizers, such as glutaraldehyde. The effectiveness of fluoride and antimicrobial release from a bonding agent has not been demonstrated.
In Vitro Evaluation of Bond Performance
Laboratory tests have been extensively used to compare the bond performance of adhesive systems. Though clinical relevance of in vitro evaluations is questionable, they certainly represent a valuable “screening” tool. Also, different than clinical studies, laboratory evaluations allow isolation of specific variables that may interfere with bond performance, for example, substrate conditions, contaminants, application procedures, and thermal and mechanical cycling.
Bond strength tests are, by far, the most popular among in vitro methods. ISO/TS11405 (2003) describes test protocols for both shear and tensile bond strength tests (Figure 13-3). Both tests use relatively large bonding areas (3-6 mm in diameter, 7-28 mm2). Nominal (average) bond strength is calculated by dividing the failure load by the specimen cross-sectional area. The high incidence of cohesive failures of the substrate observed with these tests prompted the development of micro bond strength tests (Figure 13-4), using specimens with much smaller bonding areas (1 mm2). The main limitation of bond strength tests, despite their great popularity, is that results from different studies cannot be directly compared because of the lack of standardization among research groups. Also, because of the heterogeneous stress distribution along the bonded interface, the nominal bond strength value is far from representative of the true stress that initiated debonding.
The quality of the marginal seal obtained with adhesive systems can be estimated by different methods. Microleakage tests use the immersion of a restored tooth in a tracer solution (e.g., methylene blue or silver nitrate). The tooth is sectioned and the extent of dye penetration is evaluated, either qualitatively (using scores) or quantitatively. Interfacial gaps can be measured under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Because processing of the real specimen for SEM viewing is critical and more gaps can be unintentionally created, replicas of the bonded interface in epoxy resin are preferred. The term nanoleakage applies to a method in which specimens previously immersed in silver nitrate are observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The presence of silver deposits demonstrates the presence of gaps and voids at the bonded interface (Figure 13-5).
Other in vitro methods for evaluating the performance of bonding systems are fracture toughness tests that quantify the critical stress level responsible for initiating debonding, and fatigue testing in which the cyclic fatigue resistance after a predetermined number of loading cycles (usually 105 cycles) is calculated.
Biocompatibility
Solvents and monomers in bonding agents are typically skin irritants. For example, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) may produce local and systemic reactions in dentists and dental assistants sufficient to preclude their further use in the dental office. It is critical that dental personnel protect themselves from recurring exposure. Protective techniques include wearing gloves, immediately replacing contaminated gloves, using high-speed suction, keeping all bottles tightly closed or using unit-dose systems, and disposing of materials in such a way that the monomers cannot evaporate into the office air. Even with double gloves, contact with aggressive solvents and monomers will produce actual skin contact in a few minutes. All reasonable precautions should be followed, and if unwanted contact occurs, affected areas should be flushed immediately with copious amounts of water and soap. Once the materials are polymerized, there is very little risk of side effects. Although patients should be protected during bonding operations, properly polymerized materials have not been shown to be hazardous to the patient.
Clinical Performance
American Dental Association (ADA) guidelines require adhesives to be tested in restorations for nonretentive class 5 lesions. The lesions, which may be saucer- or notch-shaped, have enamel along the coronal margin and dentin along the apical margin. The success of a bonding agent is evaluated indirectly by examining the performance of the restorations for (1) postoperative sensitivity, (2) interfacial staining, (3) secondary caries, and (4) retention or fracture followed for 18 months. These clinical trials test short-term retention and initial sealing.
Most commercial adhesive systems are successful in clinical trials. However, these clinical trials generally combine enamel and dentin bonding. There is no acceptable clinical regimen for critically testing only dentin bonding in nonretentive preparations. Because clinical trials are usually highly controlled, they are often not predictive of routine clinical use in general practice. Longevity of the bond in general practice may be only 40% of that achieved in clinical trials. Long-term clinical performance of bonding systems for a wide range of materials has not yet been reported.
Sites of failure for most bonded restorations occur along cervical margins where the bonding is primarily to dentin (Figure 13-6). Studies of bonded composites in class 2 restorations have shown that 95% of all secondary caries associated with the composite restoration is in the interproximal area. These margins are the most difficult to seal during placement of the restoration because they are typically bonded to dentin and cementum rather than enamel, and are hard to access with a light guide for adequate polymerization.
The three-step etch-and-rinse systems remain the “gold standard” for adhesive systems, both in laboratory and clinical evaluations.
Enamel Bonding
Bonding to enamel occurs by micromechanical retention after acid etching is used to preferentially dissolve hydroxyapatite crystals in the enamel outer surface (Figure 13-7). Fluid adhesive constituents penetrate into the newly produced surface irregularities and become locked into place after polymerization of the adhesive.
Gel etchants (typically phosphoric acid) are dispensed from a syringe onto tooth surfaces to be etched. Etching times for enamel vary depending on the type and quality of enamel. Generally, a 15-second etch with 30% to 40% phosphoric acid is sufficient to reach the characteristic clinical endpoint of a frosty enamel appearance. Deciduous unground enamel generally contains some prismless enamel that has not yet worn away and requires longer etching times (20-30 seconds) to create a retentive pattern. Enamel may have been rendered more insoluble as a result of fluorosis. In those cases, extended etching times (15-30 seconds) are required to ensure that sufficient micromechanical bonding can occur. The only caution is that dentin should be protected from exposure to acid because fluorotic dentin is more susceptible to acid than regular dentin.
After the intended etching time, the acid gel is rinsed away and the tooth structure is dried to receive the bonding resin. If a hydrophilic primer or a two-step etch-and-rinse system is used, the surface can be left moist for the next stage of bonding. Then, primer can be flowed onto the surface to penetrate into the available surface irregularities. After curing, primer and adhesive produce resin macrotags by penetrating the space surrounding the enamel prisms. Microtags form where adhesive flows into the etched prisms involving individual hydroxyapatite crystals. Microtags are much more numerous and contribute to most of the micromechanical retention.
Strong self-etch adhesives produce a similar pattern on enamel as that obtained with phosphoric acid. Mild self-etch systems present lower bond strength to enamel compared to etch-and-rinse systems, probably because of a shallower etching pattern.
Dentin Bonding
The high water content in dentin represents an extra challenge for the establishment of an interdiffusion zone. To manage this problem, primers have hydrophilic components, such as HEMA, that wet dentin and penetrate its structure. In etch-and-rinse systems, etching with phosphoric acid removes the mineral content, creating microporosities within the collagen network. Once the hydroxyapatite component of the outer layer of dentin is removed, dentin contains about 50% unfilled space and about 20% remaining water. After acid is rinsed, drying of dentin must be done cautiously. Even a short air blast from an air-water spray can inadvertently dehydrate the outer surface and cause the remaining collagen scaffold to collapse onto itself. Once this happens, the collagen mesh readily excludes the penetration of primer and bonding will fail. However, excess moisture tends to dilute the primer and interfere with resin interpenetration. The ideal dentin moisture level varies according to the solvent present in the adhesive. With that respect, self-etch systems have the enormous advantage of eliminating this rather subjective step of the bonding procedure.
The infiltration of resin within the collagen scaffold is termed hybridization (Figure 13-8). The result of this diffusion process is called resin-interpenetration zone or resin-interdiffusion zone or simply hybrid layer. Concurrent with hybrid layer formation is the penetration of primer into the fluid-filled dentinal tubules. This generates quite large resin tags. However, these appear to be of little value to overall bonding. This material is generally undercured and behaves as soft flexible tags. If dentin is dehydrated before priming and bonding, these resin tags are more likely to be quite extensive.
Primers contain solvents to displace the water and carry the monomers into the microporosities in the collagen network. During application of the primer, most of the solvent evaporates quickly. Thus several layers usually must be applied to ensure a complete impregnation. The rule of thumb is that one should apply as many layers as are necessary to produce a persisting glistening appearance on dentin.
The thickness of a hybrid layer is not a critical requirement for success. Dentin bond strength is probably proportional to the interlocking between resin and collagen, as well as to the “quality” of the hybrid layer, not to its thickness. Effective etching of dentin does not require long times to produce acceptable dentin bond strengths. Usually, 15 seconds is employed. If etching time is too long and the etched zone is too deep, the decalcified dentin may not be fully impregnated. The etched but not impregnated space may reside as a mechanically weak zone and promote nanoleakage. Although this zone has been detected in laboratory experiments, the clinical results of this process have never been demonstrated to be a problem.
After priming the surface, an adhesive is applied and light cured. Surfaces of the cured bonding agents are initially air inhibited and do not immediately react. However, as composite is placed against the surface, the air is displaced and copolymerization occurs.
Self-etch systems have the great advantages of eliminating the risk of incomplete primer/adhesive penetration into the collagen scaffold and also eliminating the subjectivity when determining the amount of moisture on the dentin surface ideal for primer diffusion. With these systems, the smear layer is dissolved and incorporated into the hybrid layer. The bonding mechanism for strong self-etch adhesives is very similar to that of etch-and-rinse systems. Their bond strength, particularly for all-in-one systems, is relatively low, probably because of their high initial acidity and high water content. Mild self-etch systems demineralize dentin only superficially (a few microns) and leave residual hydroxyapatite attached to collagen fibers. Although the main bonding mechanism is the interlocking between collagen fibers and the polymerized resin, monomers such as 4-META (4-methacryloxyethyl-trimellitic anhydride) and 10-MDP (10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate) may bond to this residual hydroxyapatite. Also, the presence of hydroxyapatite may help protect the collagen against degradation, which weakens the bonded interface. Mild self-etch systems may present relatively low bond strength values when applied to sclerotic dentin. Another drawback associated with all-in-one systems is that, due to their high water content, they behave as semipermeable membranes, which increases degradation by hydrolysis.
Bonding to Other Substrates
Cast Alloys
Sandblasting with aluminum oxide is the most commonly used method to prepare metal substrates for receiving bonding resins or resin cements. It creates a micro-retentive, high energy surface. Electrolytic etching can be used with base metal alloys, but is not as effective with noble alloys because of its more homogeneous microstructure. Tin-plating can be used to improve the retention of noble alloys to resin cements. Commercial systems using silica-coating at high temperatures or tribochemical application of a silica layer using aluminum oxide modified by silicic acid have also been available for many years. In both cases, a silane solution is applied to the treated metal to create a surface capable of bonding to dimethacrylate-based resins.
Monomers such as 10-MDP and 4-META are used in formulations of resin cements to improve retention of cast alloy restorations. They seem to be more effective with base metal alloys, compared to noble alloys. Metal primers developed for improving the bond strength between alloy and resin cements are also available. However, research results are inconsistent.
Ceramics
Low-strength, silica-based ceramics have been successfully bonded to resin cements by etching the restoration’s inner surface with a hydrofluoric acid solution, followed by the application of a silane primer (Figure 13-9). Different acid concentrations are commercially available, from 2.5% to 10%, in liquid or gel forms, and recommended etching times vary from 1 to 4 minutes. Hydrofluoric acid attacks the glass phase of ceramics, to the point where crystals are removed, leaving a microretentive honeycomb-like, high-energy surface. Silane application improves the wettability of the resin cement on the ceramic surface and establishes covalent bonds with both the ceramic surface (via siloxane bonds, -Si-O-Si-) and the resin cement (by carbon double bond polymerization). Hydrolysis of the silane molecule is necessary to convert the methoxy groups (-OCH3) to silanol (-Si-OH). Silanes are presented in a nonhydrolyzed form (two bottles) or prehydrolyzed (one bottle). In general, prehydrolyzed silanes are less stable, with shorter shelf-life than nonhydrolyzed solutions. | https://pocketdentistry.com/13-materials-for-adhesion-and-luting/ |
Methodological root of the diploma work and thesis project
In the act of writing a thesis project or a diploma work, it really is required to precisely formulate the subject, purpose, research tasks, item and subject. The introduction also shows the techniques which were used to write the thesis.
What is a methodological basis of research?
The methodological basis of research is a collection of practices, unique and basic clinical, that are utilized to create a paper. The utilization of different methods is essential to have reliable, complete data which allows one to solution all of the questions posed at the start of the thesis.
The methodological basis is the ways that help the student in other words achieve the target that is set into the work. The decision of research methods is determined by the annotated following:
- specialty,
- the topic of work,
- the regions of medical research.
The practical importance of the work hinges on the techniques selected to attain the target. The selected practices should really be appropriate, modern, suitable for the implementation of a task that is specific. Structured, reliable work and proper conclusions are acquired once the technique is chosen precisely and corresponds into the theoretical basis.
Methodological basis is just a single method that will help to achieve the set objective. To find the way of research, it’s important to review the faculties of every of these.
Forms of techniques which can be used in research
For instance, think about the methods which you can use to publish work on therapy, sociology, pedagogy, political technology:
- The survey is an method that is extensive includes interviews, questionnaires. a easy method that is simple to implement, having developed a method of questions. Questioning may be the mass gathering of data on a specific topic. Respondents are selected depending on the topic for the Survey – the criteria for selection might be age, career, gender, physiological traits associated with participants. To conduct a conversation, it’s important to organize a questionnaire.
- Experiment is the method of program of a type that is particular of task. The outcome associated with the test are compared with tabulated, guide, if any.
- Observation is a technique that requires learning a particular event, process, item. Findings are conducted on a typical foundation,|basis that is regular according towards the approved strategy.
- Analysis is just a process that is complex snappyessays of an item or event in purchase features that are certain traits, features. A qualified analysis will assist you to make objective, rational conclusions.
- Methods of induction and deduction are essential for systematization, Obtained during the scholarly research of issues, outcomes.
All general methods that are scientific split into empirical and theoretical. The category that is first experiment, research, observations, dimensions, comparisons, descriptions. Theoretical methods consist of deduction, induction, reflection, abstraction, classification, formalization, yet others.
A small grouping of methods which can be used in the empirical and theoretical amounts:
- Synthesis could be the synthesis, synthesis of all of the outcomes of the investigation.
- Analysis may be the research of a object or process, by dividing it into elements.
- Modeling is the method of learning dilemmas for the duration of utilizing knowledge to transfer them up to a real item. Modeling may be mathematical, subject, sign, computer.
Choosing the right way of research?
- Very carefully study the theoretical data and literature that is additional
- Analyze objectives;
- The method must certanly be sufficient towards the object and subject of medical research;
- The method of research should always be scientifically confirmed.
- It is preferred to talk about the methodological basis regarding the research with the aid of a adviser that is scientific. | http://www.streetwiseweb.co.uk/methodological-root-of-the-diploma-work-and-thesis/ |
The RNA World is now some four billion years behind us, but only recently turned 50 as a human hypothesis. As early as 1962 Alex Rich suggested that RNA might have a phenotype in addition to its informational role \[[@B1-life-05-01583]\]. In the Special Issue of *Life* devoted to The Origins and Early Evolution of RNA, 17 papers explore a remarkably broad range of topics surrounding this hypothesis. I would not go so far as to say the hypothesis is experiencing a mid-life crisis. However it is clear that it has generated a spectrum of viewpoints, from ardent devotees to outright skeptics. I perceive all these vantage points as giving us a richer appreciation of the chemical origins of life.
The Issue was initiated by a cogent argument from Scott and colleagues that the 2´,3´-cyclic phosphate version of nucleotides should be considered a viable prebiotic source of monomers for the abiotic polymerization into RNA \[[@B2-life-05-01583]\]. Their argument has not only a thermodynamic basis, but draws support from the fact that such nucleotides have now a plausible prebiotic synthetic route and from the observation that many self-cleaving ribozymes (*i.e*., RNA enzymes, and thus operating on reversible reactions) generate such products. Martin *et al.* also briefly consider the role of 2´,3´-cyclic phosphates in their paper, which is an in-depth survey of the problems and potentials of RNA ligase, nucleotide synthase, and RNA replicase ribozymes \[[@B3-life-05-01583]\].
The key problem of how RNA nucleotides, if present prebiotically, could polymerize into oligomers in the face of an uphill battle against hydrolysis in an aqueous medium, was taken up by two papers in the Special Issue. Hashizume \[[@B4-life-05-01583]\] details the pH and ionic conditions that affect adsorption of nucleotide components -- nucleobases, ribose, and phosphates -- onto clay, which has often been proposed as a surface catalyst for abiotic RNA polymerization. And Pino *et al.* revisit the role of formamide as both a reactant and a solvent for activated nucleotide synthesis that obviates much of the water problem \[[@B5-life-05-01583]\]. Of note is that their reaction schemes in formamide also have the potential to generate 2´,3´-cyclic phosphates. Moreover they highlight the role of the 3´-OH of RNA oligomers to participate in recombination chemistry, a powerful way to rapidly promote oligomer diversity, as our group has also noted \[[@B6-life-05-01583],[@B7-life-05-01583]\].
The transition from "short-mers" to "longer-mers" was also investigated by Mungi and Rajamani \[[@B8-life-05-01583]\] and Kanai \[[@B9-life-05-01583]\]. The former provided an empirical study that invoked both dehydration-rehydration cycles and lipid assistance to define optimal conditions for abiotic polymerization. Here it was shown that nucleobases hydrolysis to create abasic residues in an oligomer was a common process and that there may have been evolutionary pressure to minimize this event. The latter examined tRNA structures from organisms in which these RNAs are "split" and located in disparate locations in the genome, and concludes that longer RNAs such as tRNAs could result from the annealing and subsequent reaction, likely recombination, of the two (or more) pieces.
Once RNAs were long enough, the RNA World hypothesis generally turns to how the evolutionary process could speed up. Kun and Szathmáry, utilizing a recent influx of experimental data on RNA function, explore the nature of RNA fitness landscapes \[[@B10-life-05-01583]\]. A very important outcome of their analysis is that there should be four general types of RNA structure: critical, connecting, neutral, and forbidden. Each can be obtained in multiple ways, and the epigenetic interactions among them are crucial in the progress of RNA molecules through sequence space during evolution. From another perspective, Witzany likens RNA motifs to agents in a molecular society \[[@B11-life-05-01583]\]. This viewpoint allows us to employ cooperative interactions among molecules and group dynamics to understand evolutionary change.
Another "next step" in RNA World discussions is the origin and evolution of the genetic code. This problem was pondered long ago by Jukes \[[@B12-life-05-01583]\], Woese \[[@B13-life-05-01583]\], and others, and has spawned a tremendous amount of speculation, perhaps too much \[[@B14-life-05-01583]\]. Nevertheless it is indeed a fascinating -- and important -- question. Code evolution theories tend to fall into two broad groups, with some overlap. The first group argues code evolution from symmetry, asymmetry, and mathematical points of view. José *et al*. \[[@B15-life-05-01583]\] take this approach by applying group theory (common to inorganic chemists but less so to biologists) to the code. They describe "Genetic Hotels" as a way to visualize the genetic code such that fingerprints of past evolutionary events can be detected. The second group uses chemical relationships between and among RNA and amino acid residues to reconstruct code history. Fontecilla-Camps \[[@B16-life-05-01583]\] takes this approach and makes the intriguing point that non-proteinaceous amino acids (by today's accounting) may actually have been some of the first components of primitive peptides, and that the modern code derived in successive stages as newer amino acids replaced older ones. Beier *et al*. \[[@B17-life-05-01583]\] also take a physico-chemical view of the evolution of the genetic code. They take the novel tact of examining a broad range of protein-RNA interactions in extant biology to deduce what determined which amino acids were paired with which codons. To bring everything together, Hartman and Smith \[[@B18-life-05-01583]\] also consider non-standard amino acids as being early members of the code. They describe a logical scenario that starts with codons only comprised of G and C, with the rest being non-coding *e.g*., \[[@B19-life-05-01583]\], and working all the way up to the composition of the ribosome and its tRNA complement.
Once the RNA World had a foothold, a next logical question is, how did life bring in DNA? In today's biology, DNA synthesis requires a very challenging enzymatic reaction catalyzed by the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) protein enzymes, which use RNA as a substrate. Given the complexity, yet apparent antiquity, of this reaction, the evolutionary provenance of these enzymes is of extreme importance. Lundin *et al*. \[[@B20-life-05-01583]\] provide a very comprehensive review of RNRs and consider how the three contemporary classes of these proteins may have come to be from a more primordial type(s). This review forces us to consider the key dilemma of how radial (in the electronic sense) chemistry originated, because it is not yet clear how -- or if -- ribozymes could perform this type of reaction.
The last group of papers in the Issue deal with the highly probable case where the RNA World was not strictly consisting of RNA, and that peptides or other molecules either initiated life or co-evolved with RNA. The so-called "RNP World" -- for ribonuleoprotein world -- posits that RNA could not have had enough catalytic prowess without the help of peptide cofactors. This is a rather attractive hypothesis and various authors have varying degrees of opinions on its strength. The "Strong RNP World" (by analogy to the "Strong RNA World" hypothesis \[[@B21-life-05-01583]\]) is advocated by Carter \[[@B22-life-05-01583]\], who points to a partnership between oligonucleotides and oligopeptides as an obvious means to solve the problem of simultaneous coding and catalytic function by a single biopolymer (*i.e*., RNA *per se*). The same stance is taken by van der Gulik and Speijer, who argue forcefully on catalytic grounds that an RNA world without amino acids could never have existed \[[@B23-life-05-01583]\]. Smith *et al*. \[[@B24-life-05-01583]\], perhaps to the first prebiotic chemists to derive inspiration from the singer Joni Mitchell, remind us that even proteins can store information and direct the synthesis of other proteins (as evidenced by prions and amyloids). This observation is often overlooked, and provides cogent rationale for the argument that nucleic acids and polypeptides may have been in a mutualistic evolutionary relationship from the very start. Finally, Wächtershäuser \[[@B25-life-05-01583]\] makes perhaps the most forceful argument against the Strong RNA World point of view by tracing the evolutionary events back to simple, surface-mediated autotrophic reactions. He reiterates that these reactions were driven by metal catalysts, and that until a robust set of metabolic feedback and feedforward cycles were established, there would be no logic in discussing the advent and evolution of informational polymers. Wächtershäuser's theory is that these polymers co-evolved after metal catalysis became robust, and concludes his paper with the following quote, "Nothing in early evolution makes sense except in the light of underlying bouts of chemical predetermination" \[[@B25-life-05-01583]\].
In sum, all of these papers serve to richen the discussion of the RNA World, in all of its various forms. Although definitive confirmation of any of these ideas may require a time machine, I sense that we are at the precipice of a unified theory that accommodates a wide spectrum of RNA-related observations.
I would like to thank all of the authors of the papers published in the Special Issue on the Origins and Early Evolution of RNA for their excellent contributions and for their enthusiasm to participate in this endeavor. I also greatly appreciate the efforts of all of the reviewers who agreed to read critically all of the manuscripts submitted for consideration for this Issue. The dedication with which these reviews were performed allowed us to select only the best for inclusion in the Issue, and in all cases significantly improved the quality of the final published works. I would also like to acknowledge that this work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY11-25915 to KITP.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
| |
Choosing one thing to focus on, and maintaining that focus, sounds like a straightforward task, but it is enormously challenging when you consider all that has to happen in the brain and the body for it to take place. The human brain is amazing, with tremendous capacity and potential. Our brains work collaboratively with our entire bodies—our nervous system, our muscles, our organs—and coordinate a finely tuned balancing act among our thoughts, emotions, actions, reflexes, and habits in an effort to keep us alive and well. Understanding a bit about what is happening in your child’s body and brain will help you understand more about what he needs in order to focus and pay attention more effectively.
Your brain has many different parts, all of which have their own responsibilities. This differentiation means that in addition to communicating with the rest of your body, your brain has a tremendous amount of internal communication to do. How your brain handles this internal communication, and how the different parts of your brain learn to collaborate and coordinate with one another, is something that develops differently in every individual based on his or her life experiences. Your child’s brain is absolutely unique (and so is yours).
|Pay Attention|
The first part of the brain that we need to understand is also the part that develops first in our children. Sometimes called the limbic area, this is the lower part of the brain that is responsible for our emotions, reflexes, instincts, and basic bodily functions. This lower (sometimes called primitive) part of the brain is almost completely developed even before we are born. It is where our strongest emotions—such as fear, anger, love, and jealousy—live, and it is the most dominant part of the brain in children.
|Protective Brain|
Anytime we act based on an emotion or impulse, without giving much thought to either the logic of our action or its consequences, we are acting on the directions of this part of our brains. I find it helpful to think of the limbic area as the “Protective Brain,” because it is always looking out for our safety and our immediate happiness. Sometimes it even tries to protect us from our own feelings and experiences if they get to be overwhelming.
One part of the limbic area that is particularly interesting to our conversation is the amygdala. The amygdala is a small part of the brain with a very big job. It is most responsible for protecting us in an emergency. It is what takes over when we feel like we are in danger and allows us to act immediately to protect ourselves, sometimes before the rest of our brain even knows what is happening. When we touch something hot and recoil from it instantly, it is the amygdala that is protecting us. When something makes us afraid, the amygdala tells our body to be on high alert, and it activates our sympathetic nervous system (the fight-flight-or-freeze response). Most of the time the amygdala is very useful, but sometimes in both children and adults it takes over even when there isn’t a real emergency. This can happen for a lot of different reasons, which we’ll discuss soon, but the effect can be that our actions don’t reflect either the situation at hand or the best version of ourselves. When your child’s amygdala takes control, some of your most frustrating parenting moments are likely to follow as tantrums, tears, and irrational behavior surge, while reason, negotiation, and compromise seem completely ineffective.
Although the Protective Brain is always on our side, standing up for our feelings and protecting us from danger, it doesn’t always see the big picture. Then it becomes the “Overprotective Brain,” keeping us from acting as our more thoughtful, compassionate, creative, and capable selves.
The Thoughtful Brain
In stark contrast to our Protective Brain is the prefrontal cortex, or what I call the “Thoughtful Brain.” While the Protective Brain is emotion driven, the prefrontal cortex is busy thinking, planning, and imagining. In their 2011 book, The Whole-Brain Child, Dr. Daniel Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson refer to the prefrontal cortex as the “upstairs” brain, and note that when it is working well, a child can “regulate her emotions, consider consequences, think before acting, and consider how others feel”.
|The Thoughtful Brain|
The prefrontal cortex is the part of our brain that can see the big picture. When our emotions and experiences are viewed through the lens of the prefrontal cortex, we can react to them with more thoughtful and rational behavior. The prefrontal cortex helps us take a long-term view of the world and consider more than just our immediate physical and emotional needs and desires. It works to help us control our impulses and consider the needs of others, helps motivate us when we are tired or frustrated or bored, and creatively works to solve problems.
There is a small part of the prefrontal cortex, called the right orbitofrontal cortex, that plays a big role in our discussion of increasing focus and attention. “From all the information about the external environment and internal body states entering our brain, the [orbitofrontal cortex] helps to pick out what to focus on” (Maté 2000, 78). It’s interesting that this is also the part of our brain that hits the pause button on our emotional reactions to life experiences, delaying them long enough to “allow mature, more sophisticated responses to emerge”.
When it’s functioning well, you can think of the orbitofrontal cortex as a sort of monitor over the amygdala, gathering information from the environment, from our bodies, and even from other parts of the brain, and deciding whether to let the Protective Brain or the Thoughtful Brain take control of the situation. When the prefrontal cortex, or Thoughtful Brain, is put in charge, we can focus, make good decisions, and learn.
While the Thoughtful Brain is what allows your child to choose what to focus on, the Protective Brain is busy trying to distract it, constantly demanding focus anytime something seems important or interesting. What makes this scenario particularly difficult for children is that the prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until our midtwenties.
The Protective Brain has a very strong advantage in our kids. If we want to help them live a more balanced life, with the capacity for good decision making and focused attention, then we need to understand how challenging it is for their Thoughtful Brain to exert itself and learn how to encourage and support its development. For a more complete discussion of the neurobiology of childhood, as well as parenting strategies to support healthy development, I strongly recommend Daniel Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson’s The Whole-Brain Child. | https://www.healthayur.com/2020/04/yoga-for-kids-introduction.html |
Soccer players perform several night-time matches under floodlights (e.g., 20:45 for UEFA Champions League; 22:00 for Spanish League) throughout a usual soccer season, which may have consequences for both sleep quality and recovery. After an evening match, players fall asleep later, time in bed is significantly shorter, and the resulting amount of sleep is significantly shorter than after day activities (e.g., official matches and training sessions) (Sargent et al., 2016; Shearer et al., 2015). The extent to which player sleep quantity and quality objectively differ after evening matches and regular training days is currently not known. The lack of data surrounding sleep after night matches is concerning, since these periods of sleep loss could potentially compromise muscle glycogen resynthesis and, among other capabilities, sprint performance (Skein et al., 2011).
STUDY OBJECTIVES
To monitor sleeping patterns of elite soccer players and assess whether differences in sleep quantity and quality occurred after night matches compared to regular training days.
MAIN RESULTS
After obtaining sleep data from training days throughout a 3-week period and 5-night matches, resulting in a total of 15 individual night recordings, the authors observed that:
- Bedtime was significantly later, whereas awakening time was not significantly different for night matches compared to training days.
- Total sleep time after a night match was significantly less than after training days, with a substantial difference.
- Bedtime was significantly later, whereas awakening time was not significantly different for away matches compared to home matches.
- 90% of the players indicated worse sleep in the nights and reported taking a longer time to fall asleep after evening matches than after regular training days.
CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, these data suggest that player sleep patterns are disturbed by the specific circumstances of night matches. Sleep curtailment encountered by soccer players after evening matches may lead to a cycle of poor sleep, resulting in extended sleep periods (i.e., sleeping late in the morning and longer naps) on days-off in an attempt to compensate for the sleep deficit, which in turn may promote poor and nonrestorative sleep on subsequent nights.
FSI STATEMENTS
- Night matches induce lower sleep quantity and quality when compared to regular training days.
- Coaches should be aware of these sleep disturbances after night matches when programing post-match recovery protocols and “return to training” activities.
- Congested fixtures with successive evening matches can lead to repetitive sleep curtailment which might compromise post-match recovery and physical performance of elite soccer players.
- Sleep hygiene practices are strongly recommended for soccer players participating in night games during the competitive season.
Sargent, C., & Roach, G. D. (2016). Sleep duration is reduced in elite athletes following night-time competition. Chronobiology international, 33(6), 667-670.
Shearer, D. A., Jones, R. M., Kilduff, L. P., & Cook, C. J. (2015). Effects of competition on the sleep patterns of elite rugby union players. European journal of sport science, 15(8), 681-686.
Skein, M., Duffield, R., Edge, J., Short, M. J., & Muendel, T. (2011). Intermittent-sprint performance and muscle glycogen after 30 h of sleep deprivation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(7), 1301-1311. | https://fsi.training/influence-of-night-soccer-matches-on-sleep-in-elite-players/ |
supports the storage and management of personal information so that addresses,
music, directions, and other supportive information can be readily created and
then accessed anytime and anywhere by the PDA user. The paper describes the
system along with the related design choices and design rationale. A user study
is also reported.|
Keywords: Information accessibility - Mobile information browser - AudioBrowser - Non-visual interfaces for the blind and the visually impaired - Audio-tactile interface
|Improving search engine interfaces for blind users: a case study||| BIBAK | Full-Text||23-40|
|Patrizia Andronico; Marina Buzzi; Carlos Castillo; Barbara Leporini|
|This article describes a research project aimed at improving search engine
usability for sightless persons who use assistive technology to navigate the
web. At the beginning of this research, a preliminary study was performed
concerning accessibility and usability of search tools, and eight guidelines
were formulated for designing search engine user interfaces. Then, the derived
guidelines were applied in modifying the source code of Google's interface,
while maintaining the same look and feel, in order to demonstrate that with
very little effort it is possible to make interaction easier, more efficient,
and less frustrating for sightless individuals. After providing a general
overview of the project, the paper focuses on interface design and
implementation.|
Keywords: Accessibility - Usability - User interface - Blind users - Search engine
|An exploratory study of the accessibility of state government Web sites||| BIBAK | Full-Text||41-50|
|Tanya Goette; Caroline Collier; Jennifer Daniels White|
|This paper focuses on Web accessibility. Relevant legislation and judicial
decisions are reviewed, and prior empirical research is presented. This study
presents the results from the Web accessibility analysis of the home pages of
the 50 states and the District of Columbia. It found that twenty-nine percent
of the home pages do not meet the requirements for Conformance Level A Web
accessibility. Only one state meets Conformance Level AA standards, which are
the minimum standards recommended for Web accessibility, and no state meets
Conformance Level AAA standards. This paper also discusses how to address
common accessibility problems.|
Keywords: Web site accessibility - State Web sites
|Developing inclusive e-learning systems||| BIBAK | Full-Text||51-72|
|Anthony Savidis; Dimitris Grammenos; Constantine Stephanidis|
|The requirement for e-inclusion relates to the employment of appropriate
development strategies for software applications and services so as to
accomplish accessibility and increased interaction quality at deployment time.
Inclusive e-learning is the outcome from the application of e-inclusion design
and implementation methods in the context of e-learning systems. This paper
reports consolidated development experience from the construction of the
following e-learning systems: (a) training applications for hand-motor impaired
users and for people with cognitive disabilities; (b) learner-adapted
courseware and (c) a universally accessible educational computer game. In this
context, the primary emphasis is placed on the reporting of the design and
implementation aspects to accommodate the inclusive system characteristics,
rather than on the typical e-learning software engineering approaches.|
Keywords: Inclusive e-learning - Accessible training applications - Learner-adapted courseware - Universally accessible computer games
|Odd Job Jack described: a universal design approach to described video||| BIBAK | Full-Text||73-81|
|D. I. Fels; J. P. Udo; P. Ting; J. E. Diamond; J. I. Diamond|
|People who are blind or have low vision have only recently begun to enjoy
greater access to television and video through a new technology, called
descriptive video information (DVI). Two styles of DVI production for animated
comedy content were compared. The first model used a conventional description
style, and the second used a first person narrative style. In addition, the
first person narrative style was produced by the original animation creation
team. Results from blind participants show that using the first person
narrative style shows promise, especially since all participants seemed to have
positive entertainment experiences with the first person narrative DVI version
of the content.|
Keywords: Described video - Described audio - Production models
|Automatic inspection-based support for obtaining usable Web sites for vision-impaired users||| BIBAK | DOI||82-95|
|Francesco Correani; Barbara Leporini; Fabio Paternò|
|The aim of this work is to provide designers and developers of Web
applications with support to obtain systems that are usable for vision-impaired
users. To this end, a number of design criteria to improve Web site navigation
through screen readers or other similar devices have been defined. A user test
by blind and vision-impaired subjects showed that such criteria improve Web
site usability both qualitatively and quantitatively. An inspection-based tool
has been developed to ease the application of the defined criteria. Its main
features are presented in this article along with examples of applications and
related discussion.|
Keywords: Usability and accessibility - Automatic inspection - Vision-impaired users - Guidelines - Tools
|Ambient multimodality: towards advancing computer accessibility and assisted living||| BIBAK | DOI||96-104|
|Noëlle Carbonell|
|The aim of this paper is to point out the benefits that can be derived from
research advances while implementing concepts such as ambient intelligence and
ubiquitous/pervasive computing for promoting universal access in the
information society, that is, for contributing to enable everybody, especially
people with physical disabilities, to have easy access to all computing
resources and information services that the upcoming worldwide information
society will soon make available to the general public as well as to expert
users. Following definitions of basic concepts relating to multimodal
interaction, the significant contribution of multimodality to developing
universal access is briefly discussed. Then, a short state of the art in
ambient intelligence research is presented, including references to some major
research projects either in progress or recently completed. The last section is
devoted to bringing out the potential contribution of advances in ambient
intelligence research and technology to the improvement of computer access for
physically disabled people, hence, to the implementation of universal access.
This claim is mainly supported by the following observations: (1) most projects
are aiming at implementing ambient intelligence focus research efforts on the
design of new interaction modalities and flexible/adaptive multimodal user
interfaces; outcomes of these projects may contribute to improving computer
access for users with physical disabilities; (2) such projects target
applications meant to support users in a wide range of daily activities which
will have to be performed simultaneously with the related supporting computing
tasks; therefore, users will be placed in situational contexts where they will
be confronted with similar difficulties to those encountered by physically
disabled users, since they will have to share out their perceptual and motor
capabilities between one or several daily activities and the computing tasks
meant to support them; (3) ambient intelligence applications being intended for
the general public, a wide range of interaction devices supporting a great
variety of input and output modalities will be available, making it possible to
provide physically disabled users with appropriate human-computer interaction
means tailored to their individual needs at a reasonable expense.|
Keywords: Ambient intelligence - Universal access - Assisted living - Multimodal interaction
|White Paper: promoting Design for All and e-Accessibility in Europe||| BIBA | Full-Text||105-119|
|Iosif Klironomos; Margherita Antona; Ioannis Basdekis; Constantine Stephanidis|
|This White Paper results from the collaboration of Design for All (DfA) and e-Accessibility expert bodies representing the European Union member states [ref: the coordination centres of the national European Design for All e-Accessibility network (EDeAN) in 23 European Union Member States, in this document referred to as NCCs]. The objectives of this White Paper are threefold: (1) to present the current state of affairs of EDeAN, active since 2002 as part of the European Commission's action line supporting the development of the European Information Society; (2) to outline a roadmap for future initiatives, actively reflecting views of the EDeAN network in specific domains related to DfA, e-Accessibility and e-Inclusion; and (3) to bring forward a set of suggestions and recommendations regarding the activities of the network, aiming to support the creation of a fully inclusive European Information Society. The paper is organised as follows: Section 1 provides a short introduction to DfA and Accessibility in Information Society (IS) and Information Society Technology (IST) developments in Europe. Section 2 provides an overview of policy as well as R&D activities related to DfA and accessibility in IST in Europe. Section 3 briefly describes the role of EDeAN and the new challenges that emerge as a result of the changing European policy environment. Section 4 presents current challenges that emerge in five domains directly related to DfA and accessibility, such as policy and legislation, industry, monitoring and evaluation -- benchmarking, standardisation, R&D, and education and training. Finally, Sect. 5 puts forward a number of recommendations with regard to future activities for EDeAN. The contents of this paper reflect results from the open discussion forums supported in the EDeAN website (ref: EDeAN Special Interest Groups, SIGs). The draft paper was written by the EDeAN Secretariat for 2005, FORTH-ICS (Greece), and completed with the support of all NCCs. Support was also provided by the European Commission DG Information Society and Media and by the D4ALLnet project (ref: an EC funded project with the code IST-2001-38833).|
|Augmentative and alternative communication: the future of text on the move||| BIBA | Full-Text||125-149|
|Anders Sewerin Johansen; John Paulin Hansen|
|The methods currently available for text entry on small mobile devices exhibit poor performance in terms of input speed, which presents a potential barrier to acceptance and growth. This paper presents an analysis of mobile text entry indicating that the likely solution is a combination of the use of language modelling and careful interaction design and verification. The paper argues that research in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is highly relevant to the mobile text entry problem and vice versa, and offers the opportunity to research solutions that will be feasible to implement on future generations of mobile devices. In the design of the system presented in this paper, fewer input buttons, natural language processing (NLP) and multimodal inputs are techniques that have been evaluated and applied. Contrary to initial expectations, analysis and evaluation showed that usability and human factors often are more significant factors in performance than the efficiency of the input method. In the conducted study, simplifications of a text-to-talk system increased productivity by 15%. This provides a strong indication that the best way to increase text production rates in realistic scenarios is to strive for simplicity and clarity in the interaction and user interface, rather than opting for including every possible time-saving feature in the system. Empirical validations of potential simplifications are therefore advocated as a general design methodology.|
|A proposal toward the development of accessible e-learning content by human involvement||| BIBAK | DOI||150-169|
|Maria De Marsico; Stephen Kimani; Valeria Mirabella; Kent L. Norman; Tiziana Catarci|
|Most of the existing efforts for supporting the design, preparation, and
deployment of accessible e-learning applications propose guidelines that
primarily address technical accessibility issues. Little, if any, consideration
is given to the real actors involved in the learning experience, such as
didactical experts and disabled learners. Moreover, implementing artifacts
addressed to the e-learning world requires a wide range of particular skills
which are related not only to technical but also to didactical, pedagogical,
usability, and accessibility aspects of the produced material. This paper
argues that the know-how of a number of stakeholders should be blended into a
joint design activity, and that it should be possible to determine the role of
each participant in the successive phases of the development lifecycle of
e-learning applications. The paper sketches the methodological guidelines of a
design framework based on involving the users with disabilities, as well as
pedagogical experts, in the development process. The novelty of this proposal
mainly stems from being built up around the core of strategies and choices
specifically bound to accessibility requirements. Characteristic elements of
learner-centered design are then further integrated into processes and
methodologies which are typical of participatory and contextual design
approaches. Following such guidelines, it will be possible to gain a deeper
understanding of the requirements and of the operational context of people
needing accessible material, either as learners or educators. The underlying
objective is to increase the potential to realize learning systems that better
meet different user needs and that provide a more satisfying learning
experience. Moreover, when people get involved in the development process, they
gain a sense of ownership of the system and are therefore more likely to accept
and "promote" it.|
Keywords: E-learning - Universal accessibility - Disability - Usability - Software development lifecycle
|Website design attributes for retrieving health information by older adults: an application of architectural criteria||| BIBAK | Full-Text||170-179|
|Laxman Nayak; Lee Priest; Ian Stuart-Hamilton; Allan White|
|The objectives of this research were to identify design attributes to
develop easy-to-use websites for older adults. Forty-one males and 58 females
(age range 58-90) were asked to retrieve information on a health-related topic
from the NHS Direct and Medicdirect websites, and were asked to fill in a
website evaluation questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis of data
identified navigation/search usability, link usability, usefulness and colour
as important dimensions of a senior-friendly website. A two-stage,
three-component regression model with these dimensions as predictor variables
and the satisfaction level in using a website as the dependent variable has
been proposed.|
Keywords: Older adults - Website usability - Health information - World Wide Web
|On the efficiency of keyboard navigation in Web sites||| BIBAK | DOI||180-188|
|Martin Schrepp|
|An efficient keyboard access to Web sites is highly important for many
groups of disabled users. However, the current design of most Web sites makes
the efficient keyboard navigation nearly impossible. This paper investigates
the performance of the keyboard and mouse navigation in Web pages. The
comparison is based on the theoretical arguments and on two small studies. The
results show that the current amount of keyboard support in common Web sites is
far from being sufficient. Typical problems concerning keyboard support in Web
sites are discussed, along with possible solutions and the related constraints.|
Keywords: Accessibility - Universal design - Web sites - Keyboard navigation
|An alternative approach to strengthening tactile memory for sensory disabled people||| BIBAK | Full-Text||189-198|
|Tatiana G. Evreinova; Grigori Evreinov; Roope Raisamo|
|Deaf and hearing-impaired people need special educational and developmental
tools to support their social inclusion. Research in vibro-tactile pattern
perception has shown that tactile memory could be a crucial aspect in coding
and imaging semantic information for users with sensory limitations. This paper
describes a simple matching game designed to facilitate the learning process of
27 vibro-tactile composite patterns (tactons) which can be produced with the
Logitech tactile feedback mouse. The underlying assumption was that a
particular framework and game intrigue would induce a player to mobilize the
perceptive skills and deploy individual playing tactics to recall the tactons
when progressing through the game. The performance of ten subjects using
soundproof headphones was investigated in terms of the number of repetitions
required to memorize and learn the mono-frequency, bi-frequency and
three-frequency tactons, and in terms of the selection time needed to match the
tactons in the game script. The analysis of the data collected indicated that
the novice-to-expert transition was significantly above chance when the results
obtained in the first and the last test sessions were statistically analyzed
and compared. There was also a significant difference between mean selection
times needed to match the composite patterns depending of their complexity in
the first and the last test sessions. Upon learning and training within game,
the tactons may be employed to assign alphabet characters or symbols to
communicate textual or symbolic information.|
Keywords: Sensory disabled - Hearing-impaired - Game training methodology - Vibro-tactile feedback - Tactile memory - Tactons
|Effects of feedback and dwell time on eye typing speed and accuracy||| BIBAK | DOI||199-208|
|Päivi Majaranta; I. Scott MacKenzie; Anne Aula; Kari-Jouko Räihä|
|Eye typing provides a means of communication that is especially useful for
people with disabilities. However, most related research addresses technical
issues in eye typing systems, and largely ignores design issues. This paper
reports experiments studying the impact of auditory and visual feedback on user
performance and experience. Results show that feedback impacts typing speed,
accuracy, gaze behavior, and subjective experience. Also, the feedback should
be matched with the dwell time. Short dwell times require simplified feedback
to support the typing rhythm, whereas long dwell times allow extra information
on the eye typing process. Both short and long dwell times benefit from
combined visual and auditory feedback. Six guidelines for designing feedback
for gaze-based text entry are provided.|
Keywords: Eye typing - Text entry - Feedback modalities - People with disabilities
|User interface evaluation of interactive TV: a media studies perspective||| BIBAK | Full-Text||209-218|
|Konstantinos Chorianopoulos; Diomidis Spinellis|
|A diverse user population employs interactive TV (ITV) applications in a
leisure context for entertainment purposes. The traditional user interface (UI)
evaluation paradigm involving efficiency and task completion may not be
adequate for the assessment of such applications. In this paper, we argue that
unless ITV applications are evaluated with consideration for the ordinary TV
viewer, they are going to be appropriate only for the computer literate user,
thus excluding the TV audience from easy access to information society
services. The field of media studies has accumulated an extensive theory of TV
and associated methods. We applied the corresponding findings in the domain of
ITV to examine how universal access to ITV applications can be obtained. By
combining these results with emerging affective quality theories for
interactive products, we propose a UI evaluation framework for ITV
applications.|
Keywords: Interactive television - User interface - Affective quality - Media studies - Evaluation - Methodology
|Five qualitative research methods to make iTV applications universally accessible||| BIBAK | Full-Text||219-238|
|Leena Eronen|
|Television is a powerful media with a strong influence on the lives of the
individuals and their behaviour. As new interactive technologies are being
developed and marketed with the home as the main market, this creates an effect
on domestic activities. This paper is a description of five qualitative
research methods applied to the field of interactive television (iTV)
application design and evaluation. Overall, the reported work is unique in the
young field of iTV, due to the range and variety of the applied methods, some
of which are quite novel. The aim of the conducted research was to find
techniques to meet TV viewers' future needs and to provide examples of future
product concepts. Several techniques were used, including user study based on
the "cultural probes" method, interviews, focus groups, design sessions,
usability testing, and storytelling. The methods have been applied to average
users not concentrating on specific user groups such as the children or the
elderly, but these same methods when applied to specific user groups can help
finding out about accessibility problems in the quest to achieve universally
accessible iTV applications. There are also valuable results from including a
group of TV producers in the design sessions to find new concepts of iTV
programs. The implications of this paper for the HCI community concern
gathering the user data and transforming the results into new product concepts.|
Keywords: Interactive television - User research - Concept design - Qualitative methods - Usability
|Diversified users' satisfaction with advanced mobile phone features||| BIBAK | DOI||239-249|
|Chen Ling; Wonil Hwang; Gavriel Salvendy|
|Mobile phones are widely used all over the world, and with their increasing
number of value-added features, they are becoming far more than a mere mobile
voice communication device. Rather, they provide a powerful platform for
accessing information universally. This paper reports a study which scrutinized
users' preference levels with five new mobile phone design features
facilitating universal information access through mobile phones: camera, colour
screen, voice-activated dialling, Internet browsing, and wireless connectivity
(e.g. Bluetooth, infrared, etc.). The survey study involved college students
and investigated the degree to which each of the above features impacts the
users' overall satisfaction and enhances the potential of mobile phones to
contribute to different aspects of universal access. Our results show that
colour screen, voice-activated dialling, and Internet browsing feature can
strongly predict users' satisfaction level, and their preference levels
together account for 22.7% of the variance of the users' overall satisfaction.
Users' satisfaction levels are significantly different between models with
colour screen feature and those without, and models with Internet browsing
features and those without. Since mobile phone design needs to accommodate the
needs and preferences of diversified user groups, the performed study also
investigated the difference in users' preference levels of the five new
features for different ethnic groups, and difference in mobile phone owned by
different genders. The result indicates that Asian female users in the U.S.
market have higher preference level on colour screen feature than Caucasian
female users. Significantly higher percentage of male users own phones with
camera, Internet browsing, and wireless connectivity features than female
users. The empirical study reported in this paper provides a comprehensive
picture of how new design features can enhance the mobile phone as a universal
access device, and what impact they have brought about. It can also help
manufacturers adopt a universal design perspective in view of the differences
in preference levels of users with different ethnicity and genders.|
Keywords: Mobile phone - New feature - Users' satisfaction - Ethnic difference - Gender difference
|Consilience in research methods for HCI and universal access||| BIB | Full-Text||251-252|
|Ray Adams|
|Consilience for universal design: the emergence of a third culture||| BIBAK | Full-Text||253-268|
|Darren Dalcher|
|Consilience offers a powerful mechanism for borrowing from other
disciplines, thereby extending the scope of what can be known. This paper looks
at the foundations of the activity of design as a means of providing IT systems
that cater for diverse needs. Developing systems that are expected to satisfy
needs continuously (i.e., systems that are expected to evolve) calls for a
dynamic activity of design that is responsive to changes in the environment.
The contrast with the scientific assumption of ordered development invokes a
new classification, supported by insights from other disciplines that place the
range of approaches in context. Design is neither orderly nor linear; it
implies a continuous and active search to resolve trade-offs and satisfy
changing constraints. The paper concludes by making a case for design as an
alternative culture that borrows from, and supports, both the scientific and
the literary cultures. Acceptance of the role of practice as an interface
alongside the more traditional cultures enables researchers and practitioners
to access and adopt a larger variety of methods and general approaches
underpinning an even larger corpus of insights. Consilience can occur at
different levels and offer a variety of benefits. Balancing scientific enquiry
with artistic flair and creativity through careful sensemaking that supports
sharing across cultures provides the greatest benefit from learning to look
across rather than blindly focusing inwards.|
Keywords: Consilience - Design - Design characteristics - Design culture
|Pragmatic research issues confronting HCI practitioners when designing for universal access||| BIBA | DOI||269-278|
|Simeon Keates|
|Many HCI products exclude potential users unnecessarily. Such exclusion often arises because of a mismatch between designers' perceptions of the wants and needs of the end-user and their actual wants and needs. Sometimes the mismatch originates from the designer being unaware of the need to design inclusively, or of methods for implementing inclusive design. Other times the mismatch comes from the commissioner of the design, for example the client of a design consultancy. If the design commissioner specifies a target socio-economic group, but does not explicitly recognise that the group consists of users of varying functional capabilities, then the designers will often be given a design brief that overlooks the need to address the wider range of users, beyond simply the able-bodied. In either case, for universal access to be achieved effectively, information is required to identify the need for inclusive design and thus to generate demand, and design guidance is needed to help designers make inclusive design a reality. Currently, that information is largely unavailable to designers in an appropriate off-the-shelf format. This paper investigates methods for researchers to provide the kind of information that HCI designers need to design for universal access. It focuses on the profiling, recruitment and selection of users, along with the interpretation of the data gathered. In many instances, the HCI designer may also be the person performing the research, where specialist researchers are not available.|
|Aspects of HCI research for older people||| BIBAK | Full-Text||279-286|
|Mary Zajicek|
|HCI research has come of age, and now is a good time to reflect upon the HCI
research processes that have become established over the years. This paper
examines the HCI research process itself with respect to funding opportunities
and the methods used for empirical research, assessing in particular the
efficacy of standard methods for research dissemination. The focus of the paper
is HCI research for older people. The nature of this user group is explored,
and Alexandrian patterns are proposed both as a means of dissemination of
research results and for strengthening the framework of HCI knowledge.|
Keywords: Human-computer interface research - Older people - Patterns - Guidelines - Research dissemination
|Enabling people with sensory impairments to participate effectively in research||| BIBAK | DOI||287-291|
|Gill Whitney|
|The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss some of the effects that a
person's sensory impairment has on the ways in which they can participate in
research. Sensory impairment will result in a person receiving less sensory
information. This reduction may be uniform across a particular type of sensory
information (like having the volume on the radio turned down or watching things
through a haze) or, more likely, it will have different effects on different
parts of the available information. The result of this information loss will
not be that the person has a partial experience of a situation compared to a
person without a sensory impairment or with a different sensory impairment.
Instead, they will have a full experience based on a different combination of
information, and it is likely that more of the information that they are using
will come from their memory or previous experience. This paper describes ways
of working that acknowledge the different experiences of people with a hearing
or visual impairment with respect to both the object of the research and the
research process. It describes how to design questionnaire, use interviews and
focus groups and carry out evaluations of objects and situations in a way that
acknowledges the effect of the different amounts and types of information
available have on the experiences of people with sensory impairments.|
Keywords: Sensory impairment - Hearing impairment - Visual impairment - Research methods
|Universal access through accessible computer educational programs to develop the reading skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders||| BIBAK | Full-Text||292-298|
|Marian Tuedor|
|Finding the right research design, method and methodology for research in
universal access can be a daunting process, as there are often no clearly laid
down procedures on how to go about such work (Adams and Langdon, Universal
access in HCI inclusive design in the information society. Lawrence Erlbaum,
Mahwah, 2003). Researchers in the past have looked to other disciplines for
guidance, or have followed the examples of other leading researchers. This
problem is particularly acute when considering groups of individuals with very
demanding and complex requirements. This paper evaluates research aimed at
enabling children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and severe learning
difficulties to acquire early reading skills. In order to carry out research in
this area, which contributes to a better understanding of the issues and to
provide practical benefits, new methods are required to be developed on top of
existing approaches.|
Keywords: Accessibility - Universal access - Learning - Usability - Research - Inclusive design - Assistive technology - Children - Autism
|Cross-cultural interface design strategy||| BIBAK | Full-Text||299-305|
|Jainaba Jagne; A. Serengul Guven Smith-Atakan|
|This paper addresses the emerging need for an integration of the cultural
and social factors of metaphors into interface design, by creating cultural
models within the context of indigenous users. Current theoretical and
empirical work is reviewed that uses existing cultural models. Finally, an
investigative strategic model is proposed for research in this field that
incorporates all the important components of cultural contexts of metaphors in
interface design.|
Keywords: Cultural models - Cross-cultural interface design - Investigative strategic model
|Validation methods for an accessible user interface for a rehabilitation robot||| BIBA | DOI||306-324|
|Bernard Parsons; Anthony White; Peter Warner; Raj Gill|
|This paper describes the research methods required for the development and validation of a user interface for a wheelchair mounted manipulator for use by severely disabled persons. It explains the construction of the interface using tasks to define the user interface architecture. It outlines the experiments used to evaluate the user responses and draws conclusions about the effectiveness of the whole system. A systematic procedure is defined to obtain numerical estimates of the effectiveness of task analysis for individual use. This approach marries engineering procedures with a consideration of the human interaction. The prototype robot used several gesture recognition systems to achieve a better level of accessibility and usability than other robots used for rehabilitation at this time. Two different approaches to user interfaces were tested with different input devices.|
|Sherry Y. Chen and George D. Magoulas: Adaptable and adaptive hypermedia systems||| BIB | Full-Text||325|
|Marcus Specht|
|Special issue on "Cognitive and learning difficulties and how they affect access to IT systems"||| BIB | DOI||327-328|
|Simeon Keates; Philip Varker|
|Cognitive and learning difficulties and how they affect access to IT systems||| BIBAK | Full-Text||329-339|
|Simeon Keates; Ray Adams; Cathy Bodine; Sara Czaja; Wayne Gordon; Peter Gregor; Emily Hacker; Vicki Hanson; John Kemp; Mark Laff; Clayton Lewis; Michael Pieper; John Richards; David Rose; Anthony Savidis; Greg Schultz; Paul Snayd; Shari Trewin; Philip Varker|
|In October 2005, the IBM Human Ability and Accessibility Center and T.J.
Watson Research Center hosted a symposium on "cognitive and learning
difficulties and how they affect access to IT systems". The central premise of
the symposium was the recognition that cognitive and learning difficulties have
a profound impact on a person's ability to interact with information technology
(IT) systems, but that little support is currently being offered by those
systems. By bringing together internationally renowned experts from a variety
of different, but complementary, research fields, the symposium aimed to
provide a complete overview of the issues related to this topic. This paper
summarises the discussions and findings of the symposium.|
Keywords: Cognitive impairment - Learning difficulties - Design - Cognitive models
|The impact of aging on access to technology||| BIBAK | DOI||341-349|
|Sara J. Czaja; Chin Chin Lee|
|The number of people over the age of 65 is increasing worldwide with the
fastest growing subgroup those aged 80+ years. Computer and information
technologies hold promise in terms of increasing the quality of life for older
people. However, successful use of technology by older adults is predicated on
systems that are designed to accommodate the needs and preferences of this user
group. This paper discusses the implications of age-related changes in
cognition for system design. Generally, the existing literature shows that,
although older adults are willing to use technology, many report usability
problems with existing systems and these problems may in part be due to the
cognitive and perceptual demands placed on the user. These findings are
discussed in terms of guidelines for system design.|
Keywords: Older adults - Use of technology - System design
|Simplicity in cognitive assistive technology: a framework and agenda for research||| BIBAK | Full-Text||351-361|
|Clayton Lewis|
|Technology offers substantial benefits to the many people with some form of
cognitive disability. But the power of technology often comes in a package
whose complexity is a barrier to many users, leading to calls for designs, and
especially designs for user interfaces, that are "simple". This paper analyzes
the idea of simplicity, and suggests (a) that simplicity in a user interface is
not a unified concept, but rather has distinguishable facets, and (b) that
simplicity must be defined in terms of the cognitive capabilities of a user, so
that what is "simpler" for one user may be "more complex" for another. Despite
(b), the prospects for universal design in this area are good, in that
interface technology with the flexibility needed to produce "simple" interfaces
for a range of users with different cognitive strengths will be of value in
addressing the overall design space of interfaces for a broad audience. While
it is possible to sketch the outlines of a useful theory of simplicity, the
sketch reveals much that is not fully understood. It also reveals opportunities
to rethink the architecture of user interfaces in a way that will benefit user
interface development generally.|
Keywords: User interface design - Cognitive disabilities
|Decision and stress: cognition and e-accessibility in the information workplace||| BIBAK | Full-Text||363-379|
|Ray Adams|
|Cognitive abilities and disabilities are increasingly important in today's
information-based workplace, particularly in relation to the accessibility of
advanced information society technologies. As this paper discusses, new
technologies can create problems for human decision making, stress levels,
general cognition and e-accessibility. Yet it is not easy to identify possible
new e-accessibility solutions to these problems. This is where theories of
cognitive aspects of e-accessibility could be useful to generate solutions to
these problems of HCI in general and of accessibility in particular. The
purpose of this paper is to report a new generative theory (called Simplex 2),
provide validating evidence for it from two meta-analyses and demonstrate a
proof of concept through the application of Simplex to the solution of HCI
problems. Two qualitative meta-analyses are reported for two different samples
(N1 = 90 and N2 = 100) of relevant and contemporary conference
papers. Whilst a few more concepts were identified, only nine cognitive
concepts emerged from both analyses, validating the predictions of Simplex,
which is also used for cognitive user modeling. Given the sample sizes and the
successful replication, it is clear that these nine factors feature prominently
in current research and practice in universal access and inclusive design.
Further support for the value of this theory is found in a consideration of the
requirements of older adult users and from studies of cognitive overload and
augmentation. Uses of Simplex include the evaluation of existing systems,
assessment of user requirements, system development in combination with models
of task, context of use and technology platform and through the concepts of
cognitive augmentation and overload to identify future opportunities for new,
accessible, cognitive solutions. A proof of concept of Simplex is demonstrated
by the treatment of HCI accessibility problems and as a generative theory for
the development of new solutions.|
Keywords: Cognition - Architecture - Models - e-Accessibility - Workplace - Overload - Augmentation
|Cognitive difficulties and access to information systems: an interaction design perspective||| BIBAK | Full-Text||393-400|
|Peter Gregor; Anna Dickinson|
|People with cognitive difficulties, including memory, sequencing and
attentional difficulties, face barriers to the use of conventionally designed
information systems. This paper explores some of the reasons for these barriers
in terms of the expectations normally placed on the user's cognitive abilities
and background knowledge. In the paper, the design and evaluation of three
information systems are reported. These systems go some way towards overcoming
cognitive barriers, allowing access to the advantages of computers for people
with dyslexia, and for older users with no background in computer use who were
able to access both email and the World Wide Web through specially designed
interfaces.|
Keywords: Accessibility - Cognitive difficulties - Interface design - Supportive systems
|Developing inclusive e-learning and e-entertainment to effectively accommodate learning difficulties||| BIBAK | Full-Text||401-419|
|Anthony Savidis; Dimitris Grammenos; Constantine Stephanidis|
|The real-life training of people with learning difficulties is a highly
challenging and demanding process that can be effectively improved with the
deployment of special-purpose software instruments. This paper discusses the
development and evaluation of two inclusive training applications and two games
for people with learning difficulties. Namely, the four developed systems are:
(a) a cashier training applications; (b) a sewing training applications; (c) an
accessible pong game; and (d) an accessible action game. The main objective of
the work was to investigate the hypothesis that computer games, as pleasant, | http://www.hcibib.org/UAIS05 |
Mike Winstanley, Head of Engineering, CIB
Construction – along with many other sectors in South Africa – has experienced incredibly difficult times, especially over the past two years.
According to Stats SA, the construction industry contracted by 1.9% in 2021 – the fifth consecutive year of decline. This downward trend comes on the back of a general decline of 6.4% in economic activity in 2020. We are, however, positive that there will be a rebound in the short to medium term, with government acknowledging the urgency to invest in new infrastructure as well as maintaining what we already have.
The importance of maintenance resurfaced after the devastating KZN floods in April. Reinforcing this drive is government’s recognition that infrastructure spend has an automatic knock-on effect of creating employment opportunities. Additionally, we believe infrastructural policy certainty and implementation will build momentum, which will then spill over into unlocking private sector investment into the construction space.
Things are looking more positive in 2022. We have seen an increase in construction activity and overall insurance spending since the easing of lockdown. Unfortunate events in KZN, such as the 2021 riots and this year’s floods, have led to increased activity in the construction market. However, we do need to acknowledge that these increases have come off a low base. We are still very much in a suppressed construction market and have seen policies being canceled as contractors are not able to fulfill premium obligations due to a lack of work.
The impact of the KZN floods
Between 9 and 12 April 2022, a strong cut-off low weather system along the KwaZulu-Natal coast resulted in downpours of over 300mm in a 24-hour period in some areas. This represents about a third of the annual rainfall in the region. The impact on construction projects – especially those nearing completion, and particularly in catchment areas and close to flood lines – was devastating. The region experienced landslides and mudslides that caused major damage to construction projects in progress, destroyed existing infrastructure and sadly led to loss of life.
eThekwini and its surrounds are characterised by hilly topography and particular soil types which, when subject to intensely concentrated water flow, especially in urban areas, can result in catastrophic landslides if there are insufficient flood water and drainage systems in place. Insurers will need to ensure that when construction is undertaken, especially in these areas, they are satisfied that adequate run-off and drainage systems will be designed to handle concentrated flow over a short period of time through the course of a construction project, to at least mitigate catastrophic damage.
Additionally, insurers may specify certain design requirements a contractor would need to comply with in order for the construction policy to trigger in the event of flood damage. It would therefore be prudent for brokers and their clients to be aware of any additional specific conditions imposed.
Overall, evidence continues to show that climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of storm systems across the globe, which will directly correlate to an increase in insurance claims – and construction is no exception! | https://magazine.cover.co.za/june-2022-edtion/the-kzn-floods-have-taught-us-to-be-prepared/ |
What is Traditional African Poetry? The short answer to this question, at least according to Wikipedia, is that traditional African poetry refers to any poetry written and performed in the way that African poets have done it since as far back as we can trace African history and poetry.
When most people think of poetry, they think of William Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, or the Great Gatsby. However, many people do not realize that many cultures worldwide have rich traditions of oral poetry that predate writing and the Western concept of poetry itself.
While it is impossible to cover all the world’s forms of oral poetry in one article, this article will focus on one important type – traditional African poetry – and explain what makes it unique and how it has changed over time.
Examples of Classic African Poetry
There are various types of classic African poetry, some of which include: blues poetry, sonnets, free verse, and narrative verse. In South Africa, renowned poets like Khulu Phasiwe and Zukiswa Wanner have created a genre that is known as blues poetry.
Scholars have studied Blues poetry in America and Europe for its unique form of expression about dealing with current issues such as politics, racism, and personal relationships. Most of their work has been published in anthologies and collections.
Sonnets emerged from 14th century France but continued to gain popularity in Italy, where they were used extensively during Shakespeare’s time. Sonnet poems possess fourteen lines divided into three quatrains with an ABAB rhyme scheme. Free verse as we know it today began in America with Edgar Allen Poe, whose poem The Raven introduced a new poetic style replacing rhyme & meter within poetry writing.
Examples of Contemporary African Poets
Some renowned contemporary African poets are Maya Angelou, Toni Morrison, and Chinua Achebe. Okot p’Bitek, Derek Walcott, Amiri Baraka, and Audre Lorde. Each of these writers blends traditional themes with the modern, western subject matter, which opens up many possibilities for interpretation. Their remarkable works invite readers to understand and adore the conventional writing styles. The original works of these writers display recurring thematic patterns that help the readers to visualize the true spirits of African poetry.
Connecting with the Past through Poetry
Although poetry may seem a bit old-fashioned, it still has an important place in many cultures. In fact, culture and poetry are almost inseparable when it comes to Africa. One need only look at a few notable examples of traditional African poetry to understand its importance in maintaining cultural integrity and celebrating heritage. However, with such an enormous diversity of cultures and traditions, defining what makes something truly African can be tricky.
Over 50 countries across Africa have unique histories and value systems; it would be impossible to characterize any one piece of poetry as a universal representation of all of Africa’s people or cultures—or even any one particular country or region. But that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try! So before you set out to define traditional African poetry, let’s get clear on some basics. What exactly is traditional African poetry? How does it relate to indigenous folklore? And how did these literary traditions begin?
Let’s start by clarifying just what traditional African poetry means: When most people refer to African poetry, they usually mean oral verse forms like famous proverbs, folk tales, and songs. This type of poetry was traditionally handed down from generation to generation through stories told by elders around fireside gatherings—and until very recently (the 1960s), it was passed along in nearly exclusively oral forms rather than written down by poets themselves.
Because of its oral history, much of our information about African poetry exists today due to European explorers who came into contact with native Africans while traveling inland during colonial times. Unfortunately, most tribal communities never used paper or permanent markings for recording purposes, so by necessity, ethnographers either wrote their findings down as soon as possible after interviews or took notes and memorized them later before setting off back into the native territory.
Of course, little thought was given to intellectual property rights back then—which meant that anything witnessed went straight into travel logs without hesitation if it could help shed light on local customs and traditions. Today, Africans continue to pass along their native poetic tradition via song, although translations have been available for several centuries now thanks mainly to explorers’ painstaking efforts.
Motivation, Wisdom and Spirituality
Poetry in traditional Africa was used for many reasons. African poets were motivated by what was going on in their society. They used poetry to share social change, offer political opinions, and spread religious beliefs, often wit and humor. The wisdom of traditional poems can be attributed to an oral tradition that has passed down stories and rhymes from generation to generation as early as 5,000 B.C., according to Religion Today (2015).
Many ancient poems were used to honor ancestors or historical leaders and showcase accomplishments through time. Spirituality and religion were also important aspects of African culture, so using poems to praise deities became a way to practice spiritual devotion. Traditional religions in Africa focus on polytheism rather than monotheism, meaning several gods are not separated into one God or male deity (Flexner & Flexner, 2007).
At its core, traditional poetry aimed to connect humans with God (s) while providing them guidance in life; it became customary during funerals when offering praises and prayers was part of grief rituals. Given that significant portions of modern-day Africa still hold tightly onto ancient traditions such as these cultural beliefs, so too do they uphold their folklore within everyday life. | https://literarywonders.com/what-is-traditional-african-poetry/ |
After his debut in 1901 with the novel There Were Once, Leonid Andreev became one of the most popular writers in pre-revolutionary Russia. In his first novels he introduced signature elements that would become integral to his later works: terminally ill patients, fear of death, existential desperation, forms of madness and hysteria, and typical settings – a mental hospital, an infirmary or someone’s deathbed.
Andreev’s active period as a writer spanned twenty of Russia’s most turbulent years. Feelings of despair and uncertainty, provoked by war and revolution, made their way into his work. Although in many ways Andreev owes a debt to Anton Chekhov, something especially evident in his novels A Break and Grand Slam, he is considered a modernist. Many of his stories mix delusion and reality, creating a sense of personal tragedy that assumes global proportions. This is particularly the case in The Alarm and He. The Story Of An Unknown.
Despite the fact that Andreev’s work dwells on highly sensitive issues such as rape and venereal disease, provoking sensational and predominantly pessimistic narratives, many of his best stories also feature a humorous slant. The novel Rest, for one, is a light variation on Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich, and in juxtaposition to its oppressive theme demonstrates the agility of a well told anecdote. | https://glagoslav.com/shop/the-grand-slam-and-other-stories-dutch-edition/ |
One of this year’s most remarkable true stories is Vladimir Alexandrov’s compelling account of the life of the American expatriate Frederick Thomas. “The Black Russian” tells the unknown saga of Thomas, the son of former slaves who became one of Moscow’s richest entrepreneurs of the early 20th century.
The eminent literary critic, editor and professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr., commented that “The Black Russian” is an amazing story, and that Thomas’ “improvisational life…filled me with wonder.” Gates concluded, “His story staggered me.”
Alexandrov, a professor at Yale University, spent years hunting through what the author called “a labyrinth of archives and libraries in five countries”.
|'Pushkin hills' by Sergei Dovlatov, |
Alma Books, 2013
He vividly retraces Thomas’s extraordinary adventures from the poverty of 1870s Mississippi to his flamboyant empire in turn-of-the-century Moscow and beyond.
The resulting picture of a charming, ambitious businessman, daringly reinventing himself in numerous countries, fleeing the Bolsheviks and pioneering jazz, would make a gripping movie biopic (Atlantic Monthly/Grove, NY, March 2013).
This year was an excellent one for books by Russians and books about Russia. Douglas Smith’s “Former People,” a compassionate portrayal of the post-revolutionary fate of the Russian aristocracy, has garnered high acclaim; Sergei Dovlatov’s late Soviet classic, “Pushkin Hills,” was published for the first time in English, and several publishers continue to deliver high-quality translations of familiar and emerging Russian novelists.
|'The Death of Ivan Ilyich' by Leo Tolstoy, Penguin Books, 2013|
Hot off the press in the United Kingdom and forthcoming in the United States, Leo Tolstoy’s “The Death of Ivan Ilyich” and “Confession” appear in a new translation by Peter Carson, the former editor-in-chief of Penguin Books, who died earlier this year. Carson spoke Russian at home with his mother, Tatiana Staheyeff and translated works by Chekhov and Turgenev for Penguin. His great-grandmother built the dacha where the poet Marina Tsvetaeva later spent her final days. His own last days were spent translating Tolstoy’s unflinching meditation on mortality “The Death of Ivan Ilyich.”
Deliberately simple language reinforces the bleak and claustrophobic “consciousness of approaching death.” The screaming horror and stench are tempered by Tolstoy’s glimmering sense of redemption. Carson insisted that it should be published together with Tolstoy’s strange piece of spiritual autobiography “Confession,” whose themes it illuminates and the pairing presents an intimate portrait of the great novelist. (W.W. Norton, London, October 2013 and Liveright, New York, November 2013).
|Diaries and Selected Letters' by Mikhail Bulgakov, Alma Classics, 2013|
A first full English translation of Mikhail Bulgakov’s “Diaries” together with “Selected Letters” arrived this summer from Alma Classics. The Soviet authorities confiscated Bulgakov’s diary in 1926, when he switched to letters. His account of near starvation and a “chaotic … nightmarish” existence “in a totally disgusting room” contradicts the approved reports of Utopian, communist life.
This volume, covering 1921 to his death in 1940, illuminates not only the writer’s Moscow years, but also the historical era. The weather, politics and even the inflation are all detailed here along with Bulgakov’s own difficult literary progress. His letters to officials make particularly fascinating reading. “A wolf may have his skin dyed or be shorn, but he’ll never be a poodle,” he wrote to Stalin in 1931, pleading for the chance to be stay true to his own unique creativity. (Translated by Roger Cockrell; Alma Classics, June 2013).
|'An Armenian Sketchbook' by Vasily Grossman, NYRB Classics, Maclehose, 2013|
Translator, Robert Chandler, brought Vasily Grossman’s work to western audiences in 2006, with his version of “Life and Fate.” This summer, Robert and Elizabeth Chandler’s translation of Grossman’s “An Armenian Sketchbook” shows us the author in a new light. This relatively light-hearted travelogue, written in 1962 after two months in Armenia, is a total contrast with his epic novel about war and totalitarianism.
From his first train-window glimpse of stony fields and flat-roofed houses to his final impressions at a village wedding, Grossman’s emotional memoir celebrates “kindness, purity, merriment and sadness.” He aims to bring together the “truth of the eternal world” with a more personal, human reality.
“An Armenian Sketchbook” would make an ideal gift, especially with James Nunn’s attractive cover design for the U.K. edition. (NYRB Classics, Feb 2013 and Maclehose, July 2013)
|'Murder at the Dacha' by Alexei Bayer, Russian Information Services, 2013|
New York based author, translator and economist, Alexei Bayer, made the jump from short stories to full-length fiction this year with his Soviet-era whodunit, “Murder at the Dacha.” Pavel Matyushkin, a motorbike-riding police officer with a complicated love life, has a murder mystery to unravel. As the title hints, the story revolves around a cottage in the forest, but is mostly set in 1960s Moscow. There are moments of courtroom drama, labyrinthine corruption and a meandering Russian-style plot. Bayer, who has produced English and Russian versions of his own book, draws on both cultures: “It was a lot like the final scene in Gogol’s play, when the true Government inspector is announced,” he says of a dramatic pause.
A more contemporary Moscow is revealed in one of 2013’s best new novels in translation, Andrei Gelasimov ‘s “The Lying Year,” which satirizes the lives of Russia’s new rich. Mikhail Vorobyov’s old boss hires him to look after his teenage son, Sergei, whose own diary entries describe the pain beneath his pampered life. He charts death, abandonment, infidelity and isolation, in a heartbreakingly simple style, laced with the violent, suicidal impulses of youthful disaffection.
All rights reserved by Rossiyskaya Gazeta. | https://www.rbth.com/arts/2013/11/18/best_books_from_russia_in_2013_30939 |
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Visual information processing are realized by the posterior association cortex spreading in front of the striate and parastriate areas from which two major visual association pathways arise. The dorsal or the occipito-parietal pathway which transmits the inputs from the peripheral as well as the central visual field to the parietal association cortex is responsible for the visuospatial analysis of the visual informations. The occipito-temporal or the ventral pathway originates only from the foveal vision area, and sends the visual inputs to the inferior temporal lobe which engages in visual pattern or whole gestalt recognition of the visual informations. In addition to this dichotomous disposition of the dorsal and the ventral visual association pathways in each cerebral hemisphere, there is another type of functional specialization which is hierarchical rather than dichotomous. In the left cerebral hemisphere, the collateral pathways arise from both dorsal and ventral main streams and engage in the process of reading, or the verbal mode of visual information processing.
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2082505 |
This study analyses the Southeast Asian and Australia New Zealand safety systems market. The products covered include fire and gas systems, emergency shutdown systems, burner management systems, high integrity pressure protection systems, and turbo machinery control systems. The end-user industries covered are oil and gas, chemicals and petrochemic...
08 Aug 2012 | Asia Pacific
Analysis of the Indian Industrial Valves Market
Emphasis on Efficiency in Process Industries Makes the Indian Industrial Valve Market Look Green
This research service presents a comprehensive analysis of the Indian industrial valves market with a breakdown of segments for on-off valves and control valves. Revenue analysis is provided for end-user industries and each valve type. The objective of the research service is to assess the market drivers and restraints and provide an understanding ...
06 Aug 2012 | Asia Pacific
Analysis of the Russian Electric Motors Market
Will Government Modernization Plans Boost Growth?
The objective of this research service is to analyze the key trends in the Russian electric motors market. This study provides comprehensive forecasts to 2017 for the total market with an analysis across the product and end-user segments. A breakdown of the competitive landscape has been presented. The market has been divided into three segments: a...
19 Jul 2012 | Asia Pacific
Analysis of the Chinese Gearbox and Gear Motors Market
The Government's 12th Five-year Plan to Provide Growth Impetus to the Market
China accounts for the largest share in the total gearbox and gear motors market for the world. This research service covers this market and examines the major industry challenges, market drivers and restraints and key trends in technology, pricing, and distribution for the Chinese gearboxes and gear motors market. It also provides comprehensive fo...
17 Jul 2012 | Asia Pacific
Australian Market for Domestic Water Pumps
Weak Economic Conditions and Consumer Confidence Limit Near-term Growth
This research service provides insight into the domestic water pump and domestic swimming pool pump market in Australia. Estimates for market size and growth forecasts are provided for the total market and by specific pump type. Trends driving growth or restraining growth are discussed in detail. Distribution structure and competitive analysis are ...
10 Jul 2012 | Europe
Global Pumps Market in the Water and Wastewater Industry
Developing Economies are Expected to Offer Opportunities for Water and Wastewater Infrastructure
The study analyses the global pumps market in the water and wastewater industry. With water and wastewater treatment projects on hold, this study determines the impact of the recession on this market. Analysis is provided by type of pump (centrifugal and positive displacement). Geographic trends across four global regions are included. Market drive...
05 Jul 2012 | Asia Pacific
Analysis of the Southeast Asian Low-voltage Integral Horsepower Motors Market
Increasing End-user Awareness toward Energy Efficiency and Quality
The low-voltage integral horsepower motor market in Southeast Asia region was valued at $400.5 million in 2010 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 5.3 per cent till 2017. Low-voltage integral horsepower (LV IHP) motor quality and price are the most important purchasing criteria. End users for whom downtime is a problem also ...
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Emerging Technologies in Machine Vision (Technical Insights)
Technology Benchmarking & Stakeholder Analysis
This research service covers technological advancements and major trends in machine vision technologies, and provides insights into the future trends which affect the machine vision industry. This report details and analyzes major stakeholders involved in the development of most innovative machine vision systems, products, and allied solutions. ...
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Miniaturized Devices and Microfluidics for Process Control (Technical Insights)
Evaluation of Emerging Miniaturized Technologies for In-situ Process Control
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Automation and Control Solutions Market in Central and Eastern European Countries
Need for Process Optimisation will Increase the Demand for Automation
This research service provides an insight into the automation and control solutions market in CEE from 2008 to 2016. It analyses the various market drivers and restraints. The study covers the markets of distributed control systems, SCADA systems, HMI systems, PLCs, manufacturing execution systems and industrial asset management systems. It also di... | https://store.frost.com/search?fq%5Bprice%5D=3000+TO+3899&fq%5Bindustry%5D=Industrial+Automation&fq%5Bpublishdate%5D=2012+and+Older&p=3&q=%2A%2A |
"Sheds light on the psychological toll that war takes."
Soldier's Heart: Close-up Today with PTSD in Vietnam Veterans is an interesting and unusual book. Mental health professionals will find it important, not for its contribution to the professional literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but for the light it sheds on the continuing psychological toll that war takes on the soldiers and on their families. The authors, both Vietnam veterans who have struggled with PTSD for many years, wrote this book to explain to families that PTSD is a brain disorder, not a personality flaw.
Soldier's heart is a term that originated during the Civil War, describing an early theory to account for what we now know as the anxiety symptoms of PTSD. It was alternately called "irritable heart," and "disordered heart action" and was believed to be a problem with the circulatory system (Bishop, 1942). The term has recently become popular to use to refer to PTSD. The book's first author, William Schroder, is described on the dust jacket as a writer, businessman, past helicopter pilot infantry officer, and Vietnam veteran whose "own PTSD symptoms and their decades-long effects on his spouse, children, and loved ones compelled him to begin a deeper exploration of and book on the disorder." The second author, Ronald Dawe, is described on the dust jacket as a licensed mental health counselor and executive director of the Palm Beach Institute in West Palm Beach, Florida. His professional interests are in complex trauma and its link to later substance abuse. He is a certified clinical sexologist and a diplomate of the American Board of Sexology. He, too, is a veteran with PTSD, who "served as a helicopter pilot in Vietnam and has subsequently struggled with PTSD for three decades" (dust jacket). In the acknowledgments, he is referred to as "Dr. Dawe"; according to the website for the Palm Beach Institute
In reading this book, one gets the sense that the authors are speaking directly to the loved ones of these veterans, trying to explain their years of suffering and psychological dysfunction.
One contribution of Soldier's Heart lies in its illumination of an important social phenomenon: A number of Vietnam veterans who have suffered from PTSD for many years and who have felt ignored by American society and institutions have formed a supportive community of like-minded people. These veterans draw attention to the lack of care and understanding they received on their return from Vietnam and the continuing inadequacy of available services. They still suffer from the inability of an angry American society to distinguish between an unpopular war and the soldiers who were forced to fight it. In recent years, perhaps because of this pressure, the U.S. government has paid more attention to the problem, developing treatment protocols and establishing the National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder under the Department of Veterans Affairs.
In conclusion, Soldier's Heart will be interesting to psychologists and sociologists examining the problems of veterans and their families living with PTSD over many years, as well as the organizations they have developed to cope. Thanks to the Internet, Vietnam veterans, and now veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, have access to online "communities" that support and encourage them. From reading this book, it seems clear to me that veterans would welcome the ongoing psychological research and professional support of these groups.
Dr. Mary Lindahl,
"Obvious implications for the present and future."
This highly significant and relevant volume focuses on Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder, a devastating but little understood wound suffered by many American
soldiers who served in the Vietnam War. The heart of the book consists of highly
revealing interviews with five Vietnam veterans who relate, in candid and graphic
detail, the impact of the disorder upon their lives and how they attempted to
blunt that impact by resorting to alcohol and drugs. Their return to civilian
life often signaled the beginning of downward spirals marked by inability to
relate to other people, drifting from one job to another, ultimate unemployment
and alienation from their families. The authors are to be commended for placing
this crippling disorder within a meaningful context. The specialist as well
as non-specialist will profit enormously by reading this volume whose contents
have obvious implications for the present and future.
"Gripping stories that will tear your heart."
William Schroder and Ron Dawe take us into the hearts, souls and lives of Vietnam Vets, with gripping stories that will tear your heart and bring you to tears, opening your mind to the emotional devastation of war and to the ongoing needs of such courageous soldiers. Interspersed with sound psychological observations about the development of each soldier's post-traumatic stress syndrome, and a fascinating review of the diagnosis, their stories are brilliantly told -as vivid as seeing a movie - with scenes that bring the stories to life. I beseech everyone to read this book. Be inspired to take some action to insure soldiers get the honor - and treatment - they need and deserve.
Dr. Judy Kuriansky, | https://soldiersheartbook.com/reviews.html |
The size and scope of the global pension problem is overwhelming communities around the world. Increases in longevity have put retirement systems under significant strain. The global gap between retirement savings and retirement income needs is projected to reach $400 trillion in three decades – more than five times the size of the global economy.
Through a combination of research and original analysis, working with global stakeholders and collecting best practices from around the world, the World Economic Forum is helping to tackle the pension crisis.
Over several years, the issue of pension plan sustainability has remained at the forefront of government considerations, with an increasing number of countries looking to address the issues.
In addition to releasing reports, the Forum has conducted workshops to support pension reform in the United States and Chile. By bringing together policy-makers, financial investors and experts from across the globe, the Forum has helped countries share knowledge and best practices on how to solve the crisis.
The growing global gap between retirement savings and income is being primarily driven by three factors: 1) rapidly ageing populations due to demographic trends; 2) increasing percentages of informal sector workers as industries are disrupted; and 3) a growing middle class throughout the world, with a corresponding increase in expectations for retirement income.
To close this gap, the problem will need to be addressed collaboratively by three major stakeholders: governments, employers and individuals.
The World Economic Forum, in collaboration with Mercer, has created a global community to address the pension crisis from both a policy and an investment perspective.
Together with experts, the community has conducted a series of interviews and analyses, culminating in a series of insightful reports that have drawn global attention to the issue.
The Forum's first report in the series, titled We’ll Live to 100 – How Can We Afford it?, was published in May 2017 and examined the world’s six largest pension systems (Australia, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States) as well as the two largest countries by population (India and China). The report calculated that the global pension gap is projected to grow to $400 trillion in the next 30 years.
A follow-up report in June 2018 outlined actionable solutions for addressing this gap and shared best practices from countries with the most robust pension systems.
In June 2019 the third and final report in the series was released. It found that, under current policies, retirees in six major economies would outlive their savings by an average of eight to 20 years. The report provided specific recommendations that governments and the financial services sector could use to close this savings gap.
In addition to these three reports, the Forum has facilitated workshops bringing together a variety of stakeholders to share best practices for rolling out pension reforms in the US and to provide feedback and insights on the Government of Chile’s pension reform proposals, for example.
Led by the Forum’s Platform for Shaping the Future of Investing, this initiative brings together decision-makers from the public and private sectors to build a more secure retirement future for everyone. Through Forum-facilitated workshops, meetings and webinars, partner companies involved in the initiative are given the opportunity to gain insights into the global pension crisis, shape solutions for addressing it and apply lessons and best practices to their own employee retirement plans.
Current partners of the initiative include BlackRock, Bridgewater Associates, Department of Finance of Canada, JPMorgan Chase Bank, Mercer, Ministry of Finance of Chile, Office of the Prime Minister of Singapore, PensionDanmark and the Washington State Investment Board.
Is your organization interested in joining our global community of experts and government and business leaders to collaborate on finding solutions to the pension crisis? Reach out to us via one of the options below. | https://www.weforum.org/our-impact/we-ll-live-to-100-can-we-afford-it-this-is-how-stakeholders-worldwide-are-working-to-save-for-the-future-e3b05ee64d |
Cacti, members of the Cactaceae family, have a wide range of growth patterns, from slow to fast. To make a cactus grow faster, you must provide an ideal growth environment with the optimal soil, light, temperature, water and fertilizer. When growth slows, consider repotting the cactus into a larger container. With more than 1,750 species that thrive in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 12 depending on species and cultivars, you can find a cactus for any home or garden whether you live in the desert or tropics.
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Plant on Well-Draining Soil
The cactus family is primarily native to the Americas plus some that are found in Africa, Madagascar and Sri Lanka. Whether a desert or tropical species, your cactus needs to grow on a well-draining location in your garden or a quick-draining potting mix formulated for cacti and succulents when planted in a container.
If you prefer to mix your own potting soil, combine one part perlite or pumice with two parts coarse sand and three parts all-purpose potting soil or compost to make a loose, quick-draining mix for desert cacti and other succulents. Tropical cacti, such as the holiday cactus (Schlumbergera spp.) and mistletoe cactus (Rhipsalis baccifera), hardy in USDA zones 9 or 10 through 12, prefer more organic matter around their roots, such as equal parts peat moss or coconut coir, compost and coarse sand or perlite.
Keep It Warm and Bright
While the brittle prickly-pear cactus (Opuntia fragilis), hardy in USDA zones 3 or 4 through 10, tolerates temperature extremes, most cacti prefer warmer temperatures. Each species has a specific temperature range, but in general, keep your desert cactus at 45 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit in winter. In summer, keep it between 65 and 85 degrees during the day and reduce temperatures to the 60s at night.
Your tropical cactus prefers temperatures between 70 and 80 degrees from late spring through early fall and between 60 and 68 degrees in fall. You can let temperatures drop to 50 to 59 degrees at night to encourage the plant to set flowers for holiday blooming, but the colder temperatures will also slow the growth of its stem segments.
Adjust the light levels according to the original habitat of your cactus. Desert species usually need direct sunlight to encourage speedy growth. A tropical cactus needs bright, filtered light for best growth. Both types enjoy a summer vacation in the garden; put the cactus in light or dappled shade and then move the desert species into direct sunlight after it acclimates to the brighter outdoor light.
Add Water and Fertilizer
To make a cactus grow faster, water your desert cactus when the soil is dry. Drench the potting mix until water drains from the bottom of the flowerpot. Let it drain completely and then allow the soil to dry before watering again.
Tropical cacti should never be allowed to dry out completely. Wait to water until the soil is dry to the touch and then water it. Whether desert or tropical, never allow your cactus to stand in water. Remove water from the saucer under the pot immediately.
Fertilize with a fertilizer formulated specifically for cacti and succulents when the plant is actively growing from late winter through summer. Alternatively, fertilize a tropical cactus monthly with a 20-20-20 liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. When temperatures begin to cool and growth slows, stop fertilizing.
Repot When Growth Slows
When a cactus plant's growth slows, it may be time to repot. Don safety glasses, thornproof gloves, a dust mask and other safety gear. Wrap the cactus with several layers of newspaper to protect your hands as well as the spines before gently removing it from the flowerpot.
Examine the root ball and trim damaged or rotting roots with scissors or pruners that have been sterilized with rubbing alcohol. Unwind any roots that wrap around the root ball and trim as needed. Dust with a fungicide and then replant in fresh cactus potting mix. Wait for a week before watering the cactus; the root ends need time to recover before being exposed to moist soil and potential pathogens. | https://www.hunker.com/13426567/how-to-make-a-cactus-grow-faster |
Is Hebrew or Arabic harder to learn?
Arabic is generally a more difficult language so it’s safe to say that it would be more difficult to learn than Hebrew, especially because Arabic has way more grammar rules. Basically: Hebrew has some weird rule which are hard to understand. These rules are intended to ease the pronunciation.
Is Arabic or Hebrew easier?
Arabic pronunciation is more difficult than Modern Hebrew pronunciation. Arabic grammar has more forms — on the other hand it is in many ways more regular that Hebrew grammar. All in all Hebrew is easier than Arabic. Both languages are Semitic and thus similar in structure, but very different from European languages.
Can Arabic speakers understand Hebrew?
This study also noted that 90% of Israeli Jews and over 60% of Israeli Arabs have a good understanding of Hebrew.
Is Arabic hard to learn?
Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. … There are also characteristics of spoken Arabic that make it hard to learn. Some of the sounds used don’t exist in other languages or are simply unfamiliar to English speakers, including sounds made in the back of your throat.
Why is Hebrew easier than Arabic?
Printed Hebrew is also probably a little easier to read than printed Arabic, which also has medial forms one has to learn. Both languages have the difficulty in not indicating most of the vowels, but you can get Hebrew texts, children’s books, and newspapers for learners that use the vowel points.
What is the hardest language to learn?
8 Hardest Languages to Learn In The World For English Speakers
- Mandarin. Number of native speakers: 1.2 billion. …
- Icelandic. Number of native speakers: 330,000. …
- Japanese. Number of native speakers: 122 million. …
- Hungarian. Number of native speakers: 13 million. …
- Korean. Number of native speakers: 66.3 million. …
- Arabic. …
- Finnish. …
- Polish.
Is Arabic good to learn?
The Arabic language is one of the most ancient languages in the world. … Arabic is one of the hardest languages for English speakers to pick up, but, it’s worth learning. Learning any language, let alone one with dozens of varieties of it, can reveal so much about a culture.
Who speaks Arabic now?
There are 25 countries that claim Arabic as an official or co-official language: Algeria, Bahrain, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
Is Hebrew difficult to learn?
How hard is it to learn Hebrew? It could be difficult to learn the Hebrew alphabet, which contains 22 characters. Unlike in most European languages, words are written from right to left. … The pronunciation of the R sound in Hebrew is a guttural sound, much like in French.
Is Hebrew a dead language?
Modern Hebrew is the official language of the State of Israel, while premodern Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jewish communities around the world today.
…
Hebrew language.
|Hebrew|
|Extinct||Mishnaic Hebrew extinct as a spoken language by the 5th century CE, surviving as a liturgical language along with Biblical Hebrew for Judaism|
Can Arabic speakers understand each other?
Some Arabic dialects are influenced by other languages spoken locally. … Arabic is the official language in 23 countries. There is a wide range of dialects, which can make it hard for Arabic speakers to understand each other, especially the further apart they are geographically.
Which language is closest to Hebrew?
The similarity of the Hebrew, Arabic and Aramaic languages has been accepted by all scholars since medieval times. | https://marilynjosephine.com/travelers/is-arabic-or-hebrew-harder.html |
Space, line, shape, form, color, value, and texture. The tools the artist works with to create an artwork.
Balance, unity, contrast, rhythm, movement, repetition, and harmony. The techniques that artists use to organize or design artworks when working with the elements of design.
A continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed tool.
Lines indicated indirectly at edges where two shapes meet or that are suggested by positioning several objects in a row.
Indicates areas between, around, above, below, or within something.
Creating the illusion of depth by having parallel lines recede into the distance, converging at one or more vanishing points.
An enclosed space defined by elements of design such as line, color, value, etc. It is 2D and has only height and width while form is 3D and also encloses volume such as a cub or sphere.
Darkness or lightness of a color or object.
Surface quality of an object (perceived through touch).
The appearance of texture (usually it is drawn or painted to represent the actual texture of an object).
Red, yellow, blue - make it possible to mix all other colors.
Orange, green, violet - made by mixing two primary colors.
Produced by mixing a primary and its adjacent secondary color.
Colors exactly opposite on the color wheel and are in extreme contrast. When mixed, they neutralize each other. When placed in close proximity, they appear their brightest.
One color with its tints and shades.
Combining the elements to produce the appearance of movement through repetition or progression of an element.
A sense of wholeness which results from a successful combination of the elements.
Principle of design referring to the arrangement of elements to create stability so that the picture looks equally weighted.
Each side is different yet looks balanced.
Design based on a circle with the design radiating from the center.
Size relationship between parts of an object or between objects.
Using differences in the elements of a composition to offset unity and make it more interesting.
Philosophy of art that states the most important reason for making art is to express an emotion or state a message.
Philosophy of art that stresses the importance of imitating or copying nature or the natural world.
Theory of perceiving and enjoying something for its beauty and pleasurable qualities.
Using the vocabulary of art to describe, interpret, or judge a work of art. Includes description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment.
Method of teaching visual art, using four disciplines of production, art criticism, aesthetics, and art history. | https://cueflash.com/decks/tag/art/tag/colors/65184/Art_395_midterm |
Cooking time: 15-20 minutes .
Ingredients
Four 6-oz (175-g) salmon filets, skin on
1 tablespoon olive oil
Salt and freshly ground pepper
1 teaspoon chopped thyme
2 tablespoons butter
4 Belgian endives, sliced lengthwise into quarters
½ teaspoon sugar
¼ cup white wine
½ cup chicken stock
¾ cup whipping cream
½ cup grated French Comté cheese or gruyere
2 tablespoons chopped parsley
Preparation
Preheat oven to 450 F.
Rub salmon with olive oil and season with salt, pepper and thyme.
Heat butter in an oven-proof skillet over medium heat. Add endive and sprinkle with sugar. Cook on each side until lightly browned, about 4 minutes.
Top with salmon, place skillet in the oven and bake for 10 to 12 minutes or until white juices begin to appear and salmon is just cooked through. Move salmon and endives to a serving dish and keep warm.
Add wine to pan and bring to boil. Boil until wine is reduced to 2 tablespoons, scraping any bits from base of pan. Add stock and reduce by half. Add cream and boil until slightly thickened. Remove skillet from heat and stir in cheese. Season with salt and pepper. Pour sauce over salmon and endive and sprinkle with parsley.
main ingredients:
salmon
olive-oil
cream
wine
endive
type of dish:
main
cuisine:
Spain
specific recipes:
entertaining
Type of meal:
dinner
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Melanoma is a malignant tumor that arises from melanocytic cells and primarily involves the skin. Early diagnosis is fundamental for surgical treatment of localized disease. A conservative surgical excision approach is favored with the extent based on the Breslow thickness. The search for the sentinel lymph node is fundamental for surgical staging, with risk of lymph node involvement directly proportional to thickness of the primary melanoma or the presence of mitosis. Complete lymph node dissection is indicated for metastases to clinically evident regional lymph nodes. Adjuvant systemic therapy is primarily interferon-α while new immunomodulating antibodies and targeted therapies may offer new options. When melanoma is unresectable or metastatic, immunotherapy and targeted therapy can have a significant impact on prognosis. Since 2011, the emergence of new immunomodulating and molecular targeted drugs has resulted in significant improvements in survival for patients with metastatic disease. In particular, the introduction of anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) and anti-PD-1 immunotherapies (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) has been major turning point. The availability of new immunotherapies and targeted therapies has led to various combination regimens to further improve patient outcomes. Future developments will involve novel combinations that overcome resistance and/or reduce toxicity compared to current options. | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-030-16245-0_34 |
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A terminal package for Atom, complete with themes, API and more for PlatformIO IDE. Fork of terminal-plus.
#platformio
#terminal-plus
#terminal
#iterm
#panel
platformio
15,519,607
1072
linter
A Base Linter with Cow Powers
#linter
#base linter
steelbrain
8,620,595
4706
minimap
A preview of the full source code.
#minimap
#overview
atom-minimap
6,831,591
5788
linter-ui-default
Default UI for the Linter package
#linter-ui
#linter-ui-default
steelbrain
6,264,337
1167
busy-signal
A package that provides an easy to use API to show your package is performing a task
#busy
#signal
steelbrain
4,641,945
1108
intentions
Base package for showing intentions in Atom
steelbrain
3,862,494
1080
highlight-selected
Highlights the current word selected when double clicking
#highlight selected
#highlight selection
#highlight occurrences
richrace
0.17.0
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hydrogen
Run code interactively, inspect data, and plot. All the power of Jupyter kernels, inside your favorite text editor.
#execute
#run
#jupyter
#ipython
#julia
nteract
2,181,382
772
ide-python
Python language support for Atom-IDE
#ide
#python
#atom-ide
#autocomplete
#jedi
atom-community
1,210,099
210
split-diff
A split pane diff tool.
#diff
#git
#split
#compare
#panes
mupchrch
914,140
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minimap-highlight-selected
A minimap binding for the highlight-selected package
atom-minimap
724,504
1451
latex
Compile LaTeX documents from within Atom
#tex
#latex
#latexmk
#texlive
#miktex
thomasjo
575,481
295
pdf-view
Atom PDF viewer based on PDF.js
izuzak
533,482
442
language-latex
Syntax highlighting for LaTeX for Atom
#latex
area
469,794
434
atom-terminal
Open terminal in the current file's directory.
karan
337,777
340
atom-latex
The only LaTeX package you need for typesetting with Atom.
#latex
#compile
#preview
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#highlight
ashthespy
199,978
38
language-matlab
MATLAB/Octave language support for Atom
#matlab
#octave
JamesRitchie
91,765
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linter-spell
Multilingual grammar-specific spell checking using Ispell-interface such as Aspell or Hunspell.
#linter
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#asciidoc
#markdown
AtomLinter
86,882
39
open-terminal-here
Open the Terminal (OSX, Linux) or Command Prompt (Windows) in the given directory via context menu or keyboard shortcut.
blueimp
68,714
119
linter-spell-latex
LaTeX, TeX and BibTeX spell checking using linter-spell.
#tex
#latex
#linter
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#linter-spell
AtomLinter
27,295
23
linter-matlab
Linter plugin for MATLAB, using mlint
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#lint
#linter
#mlint
jdmanton
14,530
21
warn-before-quitting
Warns you before quitting the app. Press ⌘Q again to quit. | https://atom.io/users/agcarlon/stars |
The decision by swimming’s world governing body, FINA, to restrict the participation of transgender athletes in elite women’s competition has once again set off a debate that has vocal and fervent advocates on all sides.
The new eligibility policy for FINA competitions rules that transgender women are eligible to compete in women’s competitions only if they have had male puberty suppressed by Tanner Stage 2 [the second of five stages of puberty] or before the age of 12. They must also maintain their testosterone levels below a certain limit from that early age. In practice, it will disqualify virtually all transgender women.
The sporting body says the policy was devised by a working group that included athletes, scientists and medical and legal experts. According to FINA, the science group argued that, while it varies by sport, biological sex is a key determinant of athletic performance, which is largely the result of substantially higher levels of testosterone to which males are exposed from puberty onwards.
FINA is hardly the first to use testosterone as a determining factor regarding transgender women, but it has set the toughest restrictions. Cycling’s governing body, the UCI, does not set an age limit but requires transgender women to have had testosterone levels below a certain level for 24 months, and the governing body for athletics, World Athletics (formerly the IAAF), has set similar criteria for track races between 400 metres and one mile.
With this in mind, you would expect the science regarding the causal link between testosterone and athletic performance to be settled, but it is not.
According to Associate Professor Ada Cheung, a leading endocrinologist at Austin Health, no long-term research with adequate comparison groups has examined the impact of hormone therapy such as testosterone suppressants on strength, fitness or endurance. Cheung is not alone in raising concerns over sporting bodies using testosterone levels as a determining factor in excluding transgender women, but there are many experts who disagree with her.
As The New York Times reported this week, the records for elite adult male swimmers are on average 10 to 12 per cent faster than those held by female swimmers. Dr Michael Joyner, a doctor at the Mayo Clinic who studies the physiology of male and female athletes, says the reason is testosterone. Even those transgender female athletes who have testosterone suppression treatment may have a biological advantage if they went through male puberty.
“There are social aspects to sport, but physiology and biology underpin it,” Joyner told the Times. “Testosterone is the 800-pound gorilla.”
This issue is fraught, involving science, fairness and inclusivity, and too often inflamed by culture wars. Elite sporting bodies are grappling with all of this, and they do not have the same view. In November, while the International Olympic Committee left each sporting governing body to formulate its own policy on transgender athletes, it made clear in a statement of guiding principles, that “any restrictions arising from eligibility criteria should be based on robust and peer reviewed research” and not on “unverified, alleged or perceived unfair competitive advantage”.
FINA has defended its new restrictions by referring to a statement released in January by the International Federation of Sports Medicine and the European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations that says the Olympic committee failed to take proper account of “scientific, biological or medical aspects”, in particular that “high testosterone concentrations ... confer a baseline advantage for athletes in certain sports”.
Since the decision by FINA on Monday, the world soccer and athletics governing bodies have stated they are reviewing their transgender eligibility policies in light of the swimming body’s new ruling. Sebastian Coe, president of World Athletics, told the BBC: “We have always believed that biology trumps gender ... We will follow the science.”
That might not be as straightforward as it sounds. According to Victoria University researcher Dr Patrice Jones, who is leading an Australian study examining the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy and investigating sex differences in exercise and epigenetics, “we don’t have enough evidence to make these decisions”.
Among elite athletes and the organisations that govern them, the argument is between two social goods: inclusion of as many people as possible, and fairness of competition. The science, or relative lack of it, makes this a tough call, but it should not be considered transphobic for biologically female athletes to question the fairness of competing against trans women who experienced male puberty.
Gay Alcorn sends a newsletter to subscribers each week. Sign up to receive her Note from the Editor. | https://www.theage.com.au/sport/the-science-is-not-settled-on-trans-athlete-debate-20220621-p5avdt.html |
New Function for Our Brains’ Cerebellum: Emotional MemoryMemory is all immaterial information. But very different types of information. Researchers found that the cerebellum handles a lot of emotional memory
We use the same word “memory” to mean very different types of things. There’s the new phone number, in which we have no emotional investment. Then there’s the smell of cinnamon buns from a long-ago home-town bakery, which is a non-shareable emotional investment. And again, there’s a colleague’s advice about addressing a difficult client’s needs… that’s a mixture of a number of different types of memory, in getting the right approach down pat.
All memory is immaterial information, of very different types. And a team of researchers finds that our brains’ cerebellum handles a lot of emotional memory:
The cerebellum is known primarily for regulation of movement. Researchers at the University of Basel have now discovered that the cerebellum also plays an important role in remembering emotional experiences…
In a large-scale study, the researchers showed 1,418 participants emotional and neutral images and recorded the subjects’ brain activity using magnetic resonance imaging.
In a memory test conducted later, the positive and negative images were remembered by the participants much better than the neutral images. The improved storage of emotional images was linked with an increase in brain activity in the areas of the cerebrum already known to play a part. However, the team also identified increased activity in the cerebellum.
The researchers were also able to demonstrate that the cerebellum shows stronger communication with various areas of the cerebrum during the process of enhanced storage of the emotional images. It receives information from the cingulate gyrus — a region of the brain that is important in the perception and evaluation of feelings. Furthermore, the cerebellum sends out signals to various regions of the brain, including the amygdala and hippocampus. The latter plays a central role in memory storage.University of Basel, “Discovery of a new function of the cerebellum” at ScienceDaily (October 6, 2022) The paper is open access.
So human memory is more of a joint effort of various parts of our brains working together than a single “memory center” that processes everything into “storage discs.”
The researchers were first attracted to this research area because the cerebellum plays a role in the sense of fear:
The amygdala and hippocampus are the brain regions thought to be most responsible for consolidating these emotional memories, but as the cerebellum is already linked to fear conditioning, the researchers behind the latest study wanted to see if it had a part to play in logging emotional memories too.David Nield, “The Cerebellum Has a Function We Didn’t Even Know About, New Research Reveals” at ScienceAlert (October 9, 2022)
The find may help with treating post-traumatic stress disorder:
“These results indicate that the cerebellum is an integral component of a network that is responsible for the improved storage of emotional information,” says [Professor Dominique] de Quervain. Although an improved memory for emotional events is a crucial mechanism for survival, it does have its downsides: in the case of very negative experiences, it can lead to recurring anxiety. This means that the findings, which have now been released, may also be relevant in understanding psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder.University of Basel, “Neuroscientists Discover New Function of the Cerebellum: Emotional Memory” at SciTechDaily.com (October 9, 2022)
If a number of brain regions are affected by traumatic memories, recovery may be prolonged. “Get OVER it!” will thus be even less useful advice. Getting “over it” may require a number of different strategies over time, not a simple fix.
You may also wish to read: A little-known structure tells our brains what matters now. Work with monkeys and mice has shed light on the filtering role of a neglected feature of the mammalian brain. The cuneate nucleus (CN) in the brain stem turns out to communicate regularly with your prefrontal cortex and spine as to what you had better notice. | https://mindmatters.ai/2022/10/new-function-for-our-brains-cerebellum-emotional-memory/ |
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Report Document Collaboration Vendor LandscapeMay 30, 2013 | Rob Koplowitz
In 2009, Forrester produced The Forrester Wave™: Collaboration Platform to evaluate a maturing vendor landscape for document collaboration solutions. Since that report, the market has seen...
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Report Integration: The Next Frontier For Enterprise Social
The "Social Layer" Ignites The Next Wave Of Social Technology InnovationApril 18, 2011 | Rob Koplowitz
Enterprise social technology vendors have begun to actively position their offerings to meet integration requirements, and the term "social layer," which Forrester originally heard from Socialtext...
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Report The Information Workplace Light Burns Brighter
The Vendor Landscape Creates More Opportunity And ComplexityOctober 29, 2010 | Rob Koplowitz
When Forrester introduced the concept of the Information Workplace (IW) in 2006 it was largely a vision of the future. Since then, much has changed. The world economy has suffered a prolonged...
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Report Oracle WebCenter Jumps Into The Information Workplace Fray
Oracle Will Leverage Its Applications Position To Become A PlayerJuly 7, 2009 | Rob Koplowitz, Matthew Brown
For organizations with strong strategic ties to Oracle for business applications, content, and business intelligence, the Oracle WebCenter product suite has emerged as a contender in an Information...
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Report Microsoft Leads A Hot 2009 Collaboration Market While Oracle Makes Its MoveApril 10, 2009 | Rob Koplowitz
This data chart, based on data from Forrester's Enterprise And SMB Software Survey, North America And Europe, Q4 2008, analyzes the trends in collaboration software purchasing for 2009 and analyzes... | https://www.forrester.com/search?tmtxt=&sort=1&searchOption=0&N=0+20275+40002+51771 |
The latest report published by QY Research presents a thorough analysis of the global InGaAs Avalanche Photodiodes (InGaAs-APDs)market. The research report evaluates the ever-changing market dynamics that are expected to impact the trajectory of the overall market. Analysts studied the historical achievements of the market and compared it to the current market trends, to chart the trajectory. For a detailed discussion about the global InGaAs Avalanche Photodiodes (InGaAs-APDs) Industry Research Report, Growth Trends and Competitive Analysis 2020-2026 market, analysts have segmented the market on the basis of application, product, and end-users. The research report has been collated using primary and secondary research methodologies to provide the readers with an accurate and precise understanding of the InGaAs Avalanche Photodiodes (InGaAs-APDs)market ongoing developments.
Analysts have used Porter’s five forces analysis, SWOT analysis, and PESTLE analysis to determine the course key vendors are likely to take in the coming years. The research report also includes an assessment of the financial outlook of these vendors, InGaAs Avalanche Photodiodes (InGaAs-APDs)market growth strategies, and their expansion plans for the forecast period. All of the information present in the research report about the global InGaAs Avalanche Photodiodes (InGaAs-APDs)market has been authenticated by market experts.
In the last chapter, the analysts have studied the competitive landscape present in the global InGaAs Avalanche Photodiodes (InGaAs-APDs)market. The chapter also includes comments and recommendations by market experts to help the readers make the right decisions for their businesses for the forecast period. The chapter on competitive landscape presents a list of achievements made by these companies so far, mergers and acquisitions, and product innovations.
The extensive report on the global InGaAs Avalanche Photodiodes (InGaAs-APDs)market includes an executive summary that gives a brief description of the overall market, its drivers, restraints, leading segments, and competitive landscape. Each part of the executive is separately explained in the research report through dedicated chapters. The chapters are complete with precise calculations through charts and graphs.
The publication also includes individual chapters on various segments present in the market and the relevant sub-segments. Analysts have provided historical revenues and estimated revenues for all of the segments. Sales of products and the evolution of end-users have also been studied in the research report. The chapter on geographical analysis assesses the regional markets. It takes a granular view of the changing socio-political conditions, weather changes, and annual budgets of nations to determine their impact on the overall market.
QYResearch always pursuits high product quality with the belief that quality is the soul of business. Through years of effort and supports from the huge number of customer supports, QYResearch consulting group has accumulated creative design methods on many high-quality markets investigation and research team with rich experience. Today, QYResearch has become a brand of quality assurance in the consulting industry. | |
Wheelchair basketball is played in accordance with NCAA rules with very few exceptions. These exceptions are:
PLAYER: An individual who, because of permanent, severe leg Disability of paralysis of the lower portion of the body, will benefit through participation in wheelchair basketball and who would be denied the opportunity to play basketball were it not for the wheelchair adaptation, is eligible.
WHEELCHAIR: The height of the seat must not exceed 21″ from rubber foam is permitted (2″ maximum thickness for Class III players and 4″ maximum thickness for all other players). A heel strap of 1’/2″ width (minimum) must be attached to the foot.
CONTACT: The chair is considered part of the player. General rules of contact in regular basketball (charging, blocking, etc.) apply to wheelchair basketball.
TIME LIMITS: An offensive player cannot remain more than 4 seconds in the free throw lane while a player’s team is in possession of the ball.
DRIBBLE: A player in possession of the ball may not push more than twice in succession with one or both hands in either direction without tapping the ball to the floor again. Taking more than two consecutive pushes constitutes a traveling violation. A player may, however, wheel the chair and bounce the ball simultaneously just as an able-bodied player runs and bounces the ball simultaneously.
LOSS OF BALL: If a player in possession of the ball makes any physical contact with the floor or tilts the chair so far forward that the footrest touches the floor it is a violation and the ball is awarded to the other team.
OUT OF BOUNDS: A player is considered out of bounds when any part of the player’s body or wheelchair touches the floor on or outside the boundary.
PHYSICAL ADVANTAGE FOUL: Because of the varying causesrule (rebound, jump ball, etc.) constitutes a physical advantage foul. It is so recorded in the official scorebook. Three such fouls disqualify a player from the game. Two free throws are awarded and the ball is given to the opposing team, out of bounds.
FALLING: If a player falls out of the chair during play, the officials will immediately suspend play if there is any chance of danger to the fallen player. If not, the officials will withhold their until the particular play in progress has been completed. If a player falls out of the chair to gain possession of the ball or if falling keeps opponents from gaining possession.
PLAYER CLASSIFICATIONS AND TEAM BALANCE PURPOSES:
- To encourage individuals with more severe disabilities to participate.
- To extend the opportunities of participation to more individuals.
- To encourage new teams.
- To make competition more equitable among existing and new teams.
- To counter what seems to be a tendency on the part of the teams to have all people with lesser disabilities, thereby seemingly discouraging the individuals with more severe disabilities and making the competition inequitable.
- To maintain high standards of competition, quality of play and spectator interest.
PLAYER CLASSIFICATION:
Class I – Complete Motor loss at T-7 or above or comparable disability where there is a total loss of muscle function originating at or above T-7.
Class II – Complete motor loss originating at T-8 and descending through and including L-2 where there may be motor power of hips and thighs. Also included in this class are amputees with Bilateral hip disarticulation.
Class III – All other physical disabilities as related to lower extremity paralysis or Paresis originating at or below L-3. All lower amputees are included in this class except those with bilateral disarticulation (see Class II).
TEAM BALANCE: Each classification will be given a numerical value or factor as follows:
Class I – 1 value point;
Class II – 2 value points;
Class III – 3 value points.
At no time in a game shall a team have players participating with total points greater than twelve (12) on the floor at the same time. | https://spinalcordinjuryzone.com/info/7298/helping-hands |
Watt, Douglas Campbell (1997) Categorising variables in medical contexts. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.Full text available as:
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Abstract
Many medical studies involve modelling the relationship between an outcome
variable and a series of one or more continuous/interval scaled discrete explanatory
variables. It is common practice in many of these studies for some, or indeed all, of
the continuous/interval scaled discrete explanatory factors to be incorporated into the
analysisi n a categorisedo r groupedf orm.
One of the main reasons for adopting this methodology is that it will simplify
the interpretation of results for clinicians and hopefully patients. It is often easier to
interpret conclusions based on an explanatory variable with two or three levels (i. e.
categorisations) than from a continuous/interval scaled discrete explanatory. The
main drawback with this technique is in identifying the categorisation points. Often
preconceived and/or historical grounds are the determining factor used to decide the
location of these categorisation points. However, this may not give rise to sensible or
justifiable locations for such points for a given application.
This thesis will consider the analysis of data from various types of medical
study and, by applying non-parametric statistical methodology, provide alternative,
more logical rationale for identifying categorisation points. The analysis will
concentrate on data from three specific types of medical study -a cohort study with a
binary outcome, a matched case/control study and survival analysis.
In a cohort study with a binary response the standard methodology of logistic
regression will be applied and extended using a non-parametric logistic approach to
identify potential categorisation points. As a further extension consideration will be
given to the more formal methodology of examining the first derivative of the
ii
resultant non-parametric logistic regression to provide the location of categorisation
points.
In matched caselcontrol studies the standard technique used for analysis is
conditional logistic regression. The theory and application of this model will be
discussed before considering two new, alternative, non-parametric approaches to
analysing matched case/control studies with an interval scaled discrete explanatory
variable. The proposedn on-parametrica pproachesw ill be testedt o investigatet heir
usefulness in identification of categorisations for the explanatory variable. Possible
extensionst o thesea pproachesto incorporatea single continuouse xplanatoryv ariable
will be discussed. In order to compare the two non-parametric approaches a
simulation study will be carried out to investigate the power of these approaches.
Finally, consideration will be given to the analysis of survival data. Initially,
the standard methodologies of the Kaplan and Meier estimator in the absence of
explanatory variables and Cox's Proportional Hazards model to incorporate
explanatory variables will be discussed. A more detailed examination of three
alternative methods for analysing survival data in the presence of a single continuous
explanatory will be carried out. Each of the methods will be applied in turn to a
survival analysis problem to investigate if any categorisationsc an be identified for a
single continuous explanatory variable. Further simulations will be undertaken to
compare the three methods across a variety of scenarios. | http://theses.gla.ac.uk/993/ |
Let’s begin with a quick thought exercise: How often do you communicate with someone in a language that is not your mother language (defined as the first language you learned at home) or theirs? Every hour, with work colleagues in different offices? Daily, as someone living in a country that is not your country of origin? Once a week, learning in a globally-accessible online classroom? Twice a year, vacationing outside of your country of residence?
The potential to engage with someone from another country or culture – and often with a different mother language from one’s own – is likely higher now than at any time in history through the advancement of technology. And this has enabled the multilingual communication necessary for sustainable development. Through language we make meaning of and interpret our lives – the classic study of semiotics. Differing meanings and interpretations, when combined with increasing possibilities for global discussion and collaboration across languages (and associated cultures and countries), empower diverse actors across locales, positions of power, and walks of life to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Diverse languages lead to diverse ideas, diverse ideas to diverse solutions, and diverse solutions to achievement of the goals despite geographical boundaries, ideological boundaries, the restrictions of outdated policies, and the ramifications of past practices.
A significant step in advancing sustainable development is education, and particularly education on a global scale; it prompts discussion and collaboration and ensures exposure to varying viewpoints, all significant to evolving behavior and catalyzing change for sustainability.
Yet multilingual accessibility remains a significant hurdle when it comes to global education in sustainable development. As a provider of online educational materials about sustainable development (consisting of videos, downloadable readings, and online platform-based assessments), the SDG Academy – the Sustainable Development Solutions Network’s (SDSN) online education initiative – experiences this hurdle daily as we attempt to reach and engage a truly global audience. For online education in sustainable development – indeed, all online education – to reach its full potential as a global public good, it must embrace multilingualism.
With the technological advances and cross-cultural exchanges we now take for granted, why is multilingualism in online education still so difficult to achieve?
Sustainable development is inherently complex; the global platform of the SDGs spans 17 goals, each with a collection of associated experts who share neither a common language to learn across disciplines, nor a common mother tongue to teach across communities.
To make content on sustainable development accessible, two types of translation are required. First, we require an interdisciplinary framework – a shared language – to translate across the many disciplines involved in achieving a sustainable future. There is promise in the term “resilience” as a border term, serving the sustainable development goals with this translational capacity.
The second type of translation is more concrete: Content must be accessible across different languages, with each piece of content requiring an expert not only in translation but also subject matter. There also may be culture-specific “translations” that must be accounted for in visual representation, not just spoken or written words – an important but often intractable challenge of multilingualism and multiculturalism.
Primary sources – original research or documentation or reports – are also the priority for many subject matter experts. The “leading voices” on certain issues may have produced these sources – the preeminent texts on an issue – only in their mother language. This content would also need to be wholly translated or replacement primary sources in other languages would need to be identified.
There is also the issue of language extinction. Local languages and related knowledge are challenged by the passing of older generations, colonization, and other cultural and geographical shifts; this is exacerbated by the dominance of a select few languages, largely Western, in both information technology architecture and global content creation. This is an additional challenge for sustainable development and education.
Videos, readings in the dozens of pages, platforms (from user interface to orientation, e.g. left-to-right versus right-to-left), live video sessions with faculty, or chat support from course staff – these pieces constitute the entire puzzle of a massive open online course. To enable accurate, multilingual engagement, translation (in words, culture, and norms of accessibility) must occur across each. The cost for each element – from filming content in multiple languages, to identifying translators across languages for the content itself, to sourcing a platform that can support multilingual and multicultural technology constraints – can skyrocket for a 10-week course. We need better and more accurate computer-based translation capabilities to take on this task. Even better: partners in this task with existing resources who also believe in this global public good. There is promising work coming out of the European Union to support the former effort, with Emma and TraMOOC as two examples.
With 6,909-plus languages spoken worldwide, content providers may never have the capacity to translate each piece of content in its most up-to-date form into every language. Scale is most often accomplished by identifying most-spoken languages or most in-demand languages for specific subject matter. While this may ensure breadth of global coverage, the highest impact or oft-forgotten cultures and languages may still be barred access.
Education, no matter the topic, is a “skeleton key” for accessibility and opportunity. It provides differing viewpoints and information that can be used to expand our understanding of issues we may not be familiar with or have experienced ourselves. These are, in fact, some of the tenets of sustainable development – openness to emerging ideas and information about sustaining people, planet, and prosperity, as well as changing how we operate to prevent those things from being harmed. While we’re not there yet, the SDG Academy is wholly committed to making online education accessible to all. We look forward to working with the sustainable development community – and all those interested in supporting this cause – to make it happen. | http://unsdsn.org/news/2018/03/14/multilingualism-sustainable-development-education-sdg-academy/ |
Many conditions respond well to psychotherapy or psychoanalysis alone, but some show a greatly improved outcome when psychiatric medications are part of the treatment. For certain psychiatric conditions, medications may be a crucial part of the treatment.
When is medication beneficial?
The decision to include psychiatric medication as part of the treatment is an important and delicate one. My role as a psychiatrist is to help parse out the contributing effects of psychological and biological factors in the causation of your difficulties, and to advise you about whether such medications might be beneficial to you.
My past involvement in psychopharmacology research, my clinical experience as a psychiatrist, and my psychological training as a Jungian analyst combine to give me a strong foundation to help you make an informed decision about whether to include psychiatric medication as part of your treatment.
Evaluation
Evaluation for medications includes thorough review of:
- your symptoms
- medical history
- family history of mental health problems
- the psychological context that may have contributed to the difficulties you are having.
Whenever psychological factors are involved in causing your symptoms, addressing these factors in psychotherapy or analysis will be a central part of your overall treatment. The best and most durable outcomes of medication treatment occur in conjunction with effective psychotherapy.
If medication is recommended as an adjunct to psychotherapy, we will carefully consider the potential benefits, risks, and side effects of the medication to optimize the effect of your treatment.
Please note that I only provide psychiatric medication treatment for patients I am working with in psychotherapy or analysis or by special arrangement in collaboration with non-physician psychotherapists that I know well. | http://sethrobbinsmd.com/medication.html |
First-inversion triads are used for a number of purposes, including to smooth bass lines and to provide melodic motion in repeated chords.
First-Inversion Triads for Smooth Bass Melodies
Triads in root position establish stability in the chorale and are considered anchor positions, but if all chorales or hymns were composed only of root positions, bass lines would be disjointed. Stepwise movement would be possible only with adjacent chords that are a step apart (IV to V, V to vi, etc.). One of the reasons first inversions are employed is to provide smooth bass lines with a musical balance of steps and skips.
Figured bass consists of a bass part (single line) with figures (mostly numbers) below to indicate the type of harmony. It is a contrapuntal, intervallic shorthand method of showing the harmony (along with nonharmonic tones). The numbers 6 and 6/4 refer to intervals above the bass note, but they imply others such as 3, 8, or an additional 6 or 4 to fill out the four voices. Figured-bass numbers do not denote specific arrangements; they do not indicate what note should be placed in a particular voice (soprano, alto, or tenor).
First-Inversion Triads to Provide Melodic Motion
Not only do first-inversion triads diminish the angularity of a bass line, but they may also add another ingredient not available to root positions—they provide an opportunity to incorporate melodic motion in the bass melody. | https://inalbis.net/2020/11/ |
© 2014 The Author(s). This paper explores the long-run effects of inflation on the dynamics of private sector bank credit and economic growth in Mexico over the period 1969-2011. With an ARDL-type model, the statistical results suggest that the availability of private sector bank credit in the economy exerts a positive impact on real GDP. In addition, inflation rates have contributed negatively to the increase in private credit, liquid liabilities, and financial development. A key outcome is that one percent increase in inflation is associated with a 0.07 % fall in long-run real rate of output through its effect on bank credit to the private sector. Another crucial finding is that policies of financial liberalization have helped stimulate economic growth. Reinforcing the literature on finance and growth, this study reaffirms that inflation rates are detrimental to long-run financial development and economic growth. | https://ipn.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/growth-bank-credit-and-inflation-in-mexico-evidence-from-an-ardl- |
John Allen Chau: 1 year on, time adds intrigue to Andaman mystery
Chau, who worked for All Nations, an evangelical group based in Kansas City that introduces Christianity in the remote corners of the world, was so obsessed with the island that he broke a series of laws and did not hesitate in putting his own life in danger.
The 27-year-old American citizen John Allen Chau was feared killed by the islanders and buried at the shore on November 17, 2018. (Photo: Reuters)
One year ago, American citizen John Allen Chau was last seen approaching the prohibited North Sentinel Island in the Bay of Bengal. The 27-year-old was feared killed by the islanders and buried at the shore on November 17, 2018.
Police have been unable to recover his body because Indian laws prohibit anyone from entering within 500m of water near the forbidden island, and even while the case is being probed as one of murder, some in the force believe that the US citizen may be alive — living with the islanders.
North Sentinel Island — about a five-hour boat ride in the choppy waters of the Bay of Bengal from Port Blair — is a restricted area for everyone because it is home to the Sentinelese, one of the last uncontacted tribes of the world. Little is known about their language, food habits, population, or how they have survived all these years while shunning the outside world.
Chau, who worked for All Nations, an evangelical group based in Kansas City that introduces Christianity in the remote corners of the world, was so obsessed with the island that he broke a series of laws and did not hesitate in putting his own life in danger.
“Nobody knows exactly what happened to Chau. Our guess is as best as anyone’s,” an officer posted in Andaman police until a few months ago told HT on condition of anonymity.
“He was trained to live on the island for months according to reports from the US media. That he entered the forbidden island is based on eyewitness accounts and Chau’s handwritten notes. But nobody actually saw the islanders burying him. The fishermen who took him saw some islanders standing next to what appeared like a body, half buried in the sand,” a second police officer, who is still posted in Andaman, said on condition of anonymity.
Even as time adds intrigue to the mystery, here is what we do know for sure, according to the police files.
On November 15, Chau, disguised as a fisherman, accompanied the local fishermen and rode into the Bay of Bengal. About 500m before the shores of the island, he jumped off the ship and swam across the island with a Bible in his hand.
In the weeks leading up to his disappearance, Chau lived in a hotel in Port Blair. He was met on the island by other foreigners Bobby Marion,54, and Christian, 26. The three stayed at a Port Blair resident’s house for five days until November 10 ,a day before Chau was to make his first attempt at going to the North Sentinel island.
Chau,however, could not go to the island on November 11 because of a cyclone in Bay of Bengal. Bobby and Marion, also allegedly members of All Nations, left Andaman on November 10, hold the key to the investigation.
For the last several months, the Andaman police are awaiting clearance from the Union ministry of home affairs, to send a formal request to a court in the United States that has authority to send Marion and Christian back to India for investigation.
Hindustan Times contacted All Nations but there was no response till late on Sunday. Last year, the group had declined to speak on Chau’s disappearance or the reason why he was in Andaman.
Police say the reports and eyewitness accounts of Chau’s friend Alexander, a local who helped in his journey to the prohibited island, has fuelled their suspicion that Chau may be alive.
“Chau trained for months to live on that island. He was conditioned mentally and physically to live with them. Until we find his body there is a remote possibility that he may be alive,” a third officer said, adding that the evangelical group’s leader was quoted by The Guardian as saying that Chau had received 13 kinds of immunisation to prevent him from contradicting any disease to the islanders.
Other foreign newspapers, such as The New York Times, described how Chau “aced” training at a boot camp run by All Nations to help him prepare to live and interact with the Sentinel islanders. He took scissors, safety pins and a football as gifts for the tribe. In his handwritten notes that Chau left with the fishermen who took him to the prohibited, he had a message to his parents. It read — “You guys might think I am crazy in all this but I think it’s worth it to declare Jesus to these people.”
Dependra Pathak, director-general of the Andaman and Nicobar Island police, says though police have not recovered Chau’s body, they are still probing the case related to Chau’s illegal foray into the island.
“We have sent a request to the government to allow us to summon to American nationals to India and join the investigation. It is called an MLAT (Mutual Assistance Treaty) request. It takes time,” he said.
Anthropologist TN Pandit, 84, one of the few government officials who have in the past managed to establish contact with the Sentinelese in 1967, says Chau is probably dead. Pandit was also contacted by the Andaman police last year to help the island police figure out a way to retrieve Chau’s body from the shores or start a communication channel with the Sentinelese people.
“It is unlikely that he may be alive. He would have surely found a way to come out of the island. It was foolish adventurism on that boy’s part (Chau). I advised the government not to make contact in trying to retrieve his body. The Sentinelese people do not need us. They have lived on that island for thousands of years. The islanders must be allowed to live their life without any interference from outside,” he said.
Over the last few decades, the Sentinel island residents — they could be 50 to 200 in number — have refused any form of contact with the outside world. Up until three decades ago, when the government sent experts such as Pandit to try to set up contact with the islanders, they have met with hostility.
In 2006, the islanders shot arrows at a Coast Guard helicopter when the team tried to retrieve the bodies of two fishermen who were killed by the tribals. Unlike Chau, the two fishermen were sleeping when the tides of the sea accidentally took their boat to the prohibited island.
Exactly a year has passed since Chau was last seen at the shores of the island. The police, senior government experts, taxi drivers, and almost everyone in the Andaman islands have their theory on what may have happened to the 27-year-old American who dared to swim across the prohibited waters. But they have something in common — They do not fault the Sentinelese tribals for the murder.
This was Chau’s wish too. In his last handwritten note, he wrote: “Do not blame the natives if I am killed.” | |
One hundred and thirty-nine years ago today, the universe graced us with the birth of a genius who would go on to revolutionize the world of physics and in doing so, forever immortalize the name, Albert Einstein. Perhaps it’s somewhat poetic that on the same day, the universe decides to take back another physics superstar, Stephen Hawking.
Hawking was a brilliant scientist and made far too many original contributions to physics and cosmology that can be accounted for in this post. Some of his most exemplary work included his collaboration with Roger Penrose in which they proved that a universe that started with a hot big bang and based on a general relativistic description, obeying the strong energy condition, must have an initial singularity. These mathematical theorems came to be known as the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems. Hawking, however, is most famous for his work on black holes – especially in deriving the laws of thermodynamics for them, which subsequently led to the rise of the AdS/CFT (anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory) framework. He predicted that black holes would give off radiation, which in time came to be known as Hawking radiation and began one of the biggest debates in physics on information paradox. Hawking was also one of the first few people who tried to give a quantum mechanical account of the birth of universe by describing the universe using a quantum state. His work with James Hartle lead to the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary proposal, which is one explanation of where the universe came from. These are some of the many achievements of Hawking, who was the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics, a post once held by Isaac Newton and Paul Dirac.
‘How Notable Scientists remember Hawking’[smartslider3 slider=9]
Hawking was a brilliant physicist, but he was also so much more than that. He was socially active and was a great supporter of NHS and disability rights, which added more and much-needed spotlight on the matter. He published books for the lay readers, had a good sense of humor and kept himself relevant by making appearances in mainstream media and making cameos in shows such as The Big Bang Theory and Simpsons. His contributions towards scientific outreach inspired a generation of young scientists and science students, including me and many of my peers.
Sadly, Hawking passed away today, but he lived a good life. He was diagnosed with motor neuron diseases when he a Ph.D. student in his early 20s and the doctors told him he would have 2 years to live. He died today at the age of 76, beating their prediction by about five decades. Hawking was born on the day Galileo Galilei died and he passed away on the day Albert Einstein was born on, but Hawking was his own person and an established scientist and won’t be remembered just by these poetic relations. Hawking’s legacy will continue to live on through the work he has done. In the future, perhaps we will talk about another brilliant physicist who shared their birthday with the brilliant Physicist and Cosmologist, Stephen William Hawking. | https://spectramagazine.org/physical-sciences/stephen-hawking-man-who-defied-all-odds/ |
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Key responsibilities: Senior Business Process Executive is essential for developing and implementing the company’s quality management procedures and systems. The role is to continuously monitor and review the compliance of the internal functions with the established QA plan, guideline and processes. Job Responsibilities: Created, reorganized or established any procedure or system, such as new forms, guideline, policy statements, flow chart, etc. and ISO 22000 manual writing and Procedure Manual Writing, BizSAFE certification renewal. To lead the ISO 22000 Food Safety Team. As Lead Internal Auditor for ISO 22000 system for central kitchen. Responsible for ISO 22000 system development, compliance and document update. Train QC and assign QC works, monitor work of Outlet Hygiene Auditor. Ensure production staff in Good Manufacturing Practice and Good Hygiene Practice. Ensure the work environment in central kitchen is sanitary, safe and orderly and meet the standard and requirement of AVA and ISO 22000 system and involve in AVA licensing renewal. Evaluate food safety concerns with products and/or processes. Responsible for customer feedback follow up (central kitchen and outlets), and reporting cases to management. Responsible for stall/ outlet pest control documentations and pest issue follow up. Follow up on stalls/ outlets NEA inspection, summons and grading issues. Develop and monitor corrective and preventive actions. Any ad-hoc task /duties assigned by the management. | https://www.findsgjobs.com/company/17426/chang-cheng-group-pte-ltd/ |
Frequently in sport the body is the vehicle used for applying force to an object. This could be the swing of a racket or bat applying force to a ball, or the movement of a foot to kick a ball, or even the use of an athlete’s body to tackle their opposition. The body does this through the generation of forces by their muscles creating movement of the limb or body that makes contact with the external object.
In order to generate the maximal force, the body needs to use its largest muscles. These are the muscles of the lower body and torso. Even when using the upper body to make contact with the external object, the body will often generate the force from the lower half. If we take a look at shot put for example. The video below is of the Olympic record being set. If we focus on the technique, you can see that each athlete who throws, bends their legs and generates their force from their legs. They then add force from their torso, as they twist their body, before the final push with the arms. In the video, they also add centrifugal force generated by the spin.
The body can also help to generate force, by using gravity and momentum from movement and transferring the force into the object. This can be seen in a power shot in football, where the athlete will take a run up, to generate momentum. When they then plant their foot next to the ball before kicking it, they will bend the planted leg, drop their centre of gravity and then use the muscles in their torso and legs to generate the force of the kick, which will include a swinging motion at the hips and twisting at the torso. Such technique, can be seen in the video below as the athlete’s use the “knuckle ball” shooting technique, to not only apply large forces to the ball, but also to cause the ball to move around unpredictably in the air.
The last example of applying force to an object is the rugby tackle. Here the athlete seeks to apply a force to their opposing player in order to bring them to the ground. There are various tackling techniques that can be used. The first technique, requires the tackler to step forwards towards their opponent and drive with their legs in a forward and upwards direction. The aim is to stop the athlete’s momentum, and lift their centre of gravity to make the athlete unstable, before putting them on their back. This tackling technique however, relies on the tackler being able to produce a very large force on their opponent.
For a smaller tackler, however, this type of tackle is not safe, as the forces from the opposition will cause him to fall off the tackle. Instead, such tacklers seek to apply forces in other directions, such as sideways, or downwards. A smaller force is then required to bring the opponent to the ground because the tackler is aiming to cause the runner to loose balance, rather than counter act the momentum of the athlete. In fact, if done well the momentum of the runner should assist the tackler.
These are just a few examples of athlete’s using parts of their body in applying force to an object. We could look at angular momentum around joints and how the longer the lever the faster the movement at the end, resulting in greater forces being applied to the object (why we kick with our feet and not our knees or hit with our hands and not our elbows), but this might be more depth than you need.
Further Reading
http://www.sports-training-adviser.com/principlesofforce.html
http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/levers-work-to-create-movement-in-the-human-body
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1924-what-levers-does-your-body-use
The application of force also relates highly to biomechanics of technique: | https://www.pdhpe.net/the-body-in-motion/how-do-biomechanical-principles-influence-movement/force/applying-force-to-an-object/ |
SACRAMENTO – California’s Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory (RIPA) Board released its second annual report. This year’s report builds on the foundation established by last year’s report for identifying and addressing racial and identity profiling in California. The Board is made up of 19 members coming from diverse backgrounds, including law enforcement, religious organizations, academia, community organizations, and youth advocacy groups. In this year’s report, the Board aims to enhance the transparency of the stop data collection process by providing the public with detailed information on how this data is collected and submitted, and how enforcement agencies ensure the integrity of the data. The report also provides recommendations that can be adopted by law enforcement agencies to enhance their policies, procedures, and trainings on topics that intersect with bias and racial and identity profiling. Additionally, the report includes an analysis of civilian complaints and use of force data collected in 2017.
"As the representative of the California State Sheriffs’ Association, we are committed as law enforcement leaders to work collectively with all members of our community regardless of race, religion, orientation and other demographics," said Kings County Sheriff Dave Robinson, Co-Chair of the RIPA Board and Designee of the President of the California State Sheriffs’ Association. "My participation on the RIPA Board has been uplifting and enlightening. As an association, we look forward to our continued strong relationships with our communities, while working towards strengthening them in those areas that are identified through this report and future reports."
Detailed information on how the stop data is collected and submitted and how the California Department of Justice and law enforcement agencies ensure the integrity of this data.
Best practice recommendations for agencies drafting policies, procedures, and trainings regarding civilian complaints and racial and identity profiling.
Data on civilian complaints, including complaints alleging racial and identity profiling. The data provides a snapshot of 9,459 complaints reported by 453 agencies. The data is broken down by agency, type of complaint, and demographic details.
Data reported to the California Department of Justice by law enforcement agencies on use of force incidents. The data provides a snapshot of 707 complaints broken down by agency, type of complaint, and demographic details.
California’s Racial and Identity Profiling Act of 2015 requires nearly all California law enforcement agencies to collect, maintain, and analyze demographic data on all detentions and searches. The RIPA Board was formed in July 2016 as part of this Act, to shepherd this data collection and provide public reports. The California Legislature charged the Board with an ambitious purpose – to eliminate racial and identity profiling and improve diversity and racial and identity sensitivity in law enforcement. By unifying a diverse group of individuals from across different sectors – law enforcement, civil and human rights organizations, community groups, and academia – in a shared cause, the RIPA Board aims to improve law enforcement-community relations in California through collaboration, transparency, and accountability. | https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/california%E2%80%99s-racial-and-identity-profiling-advisory-board-releases-second-annual |
The soil carbon impacts of agriculture are ignored by current ghg accounting systems, which means. Oct 28, 2017 agroforestry systems may play an important role in mitigating climate change, having the ability to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide co 2 in plant parts and soil. The multidisciplinary center is focused on carbon sequestration in soil, vegetation, and wetlands, and in biofuel offsets. Measuring soil carbon change home soil carbon coalition. Interaction between the pedologic soils pool and the biotic pool as two distinct but related components of the terrestrial pool 3. Carbon sequestration in soils over the past 150 years, the. Terrestrial carbon sequestration has a potential role in reducing the recent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide co 2 that is, in part, contributing to global warming. Basic concepts of carbon sequestration 7 challenges of enhancing soil carbon storage 9 technical potential of soil carbon sequestration using recommended practices 14 cobenefits of terrestrial sequestration 15 achieving global food security 16 farming soil carbon 18 need for new tools to measure som dynamics 19 biofuels and soil carbon pool 20. This study reports carbon sequestration in community conserved forest and its importance to maintain equilibrium of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
The strategy is to increase soc density in the soil, improve depth distribution of soc and stabilize soc by encapsulating it within stable microaggregates so that. Potential carbon stocks of new england sanderman et al. Soils are among the largest terrestrial reservoirs of carbon and hold potential for expanded carbon sequestration. Increasing the capacity of soils to sequester c provides a partial, mediumterm countermeasure to help ameliorate the increasing co2 levels in the atmosphere arising from fossil fuel burning and land clearing. Carbon sequestration potential on agricultural lands sustainable. Soil carbon sequestration is the process of transferring carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the soil through crop residues and other organic solids, and in a. Soils of agroecosystems are depleted of their soc stock and have a low use efficiency of inputs of agronomic yield. Major carbon pools and fluxes of the global carbon balance carbon sequestration in dryland soils, wsrr 102 atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide can be lowered either by reducing emissions or by taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and storing. As carbon stores in the soil increase, carbon is sequestered, and the risk of loss of other nutrients through erosion and leaching is reduced. Soil carbon sequestration fao soils portal food and. Farmers, ranchers and foresters can employ carbon sequestering bmps, including cover crops, buffer strips, conservation tillage, notillage, selective. Perennial herbaceous vegetation increases biomass carbon sequestration and soil carbon. Jan 15, 2018 the best in fact the only available methods to do this are carbonfocused landmanagement techniques, many already in use, applicable on every scale, regional to hyperlocal, and in every kind of ecosystem. While the capacity of soil carbon sequestration is potentially immense, soils can reach a carbon saturation limit.
Carbon sequestration in forests congressional research service 2 for mitigating greenhouse gas emissionsand thus possible climate changeis to increase the amount of carbon stored in forests. Crop, grazing, and forestlands can be managed for both. Jul 19, 2017 most farming is intended to produce something thats harvested from the land. Request pdf soil carbon sequestration in grazing systems. Assessing ecosystem services of atmospheric calcium and. Soil carbon sequestration food and agriculture organization of the. Three of the 11 sites had greater soil carbon accumulation in the plowed fields than in the notill fields.
Soils depleted in soc have the greatest capacity to gain c, but often the least propensity to do so. The potential soil c sink capacity of managed ecosystems. Jun 11, 2004 the carbon sink capacity of the worlds agricultural and degraded soils is 50 to 66% of the historic carbon loss of 42 to 78 gigatons of carbon. Lal carbon management and sequestration center, school of natural resources, the ohio state university, oardcfaes, 2021 coffey road, columbus, oh 43210, usa available online 16 april 2004 abstract the increase in atmospheric concentration of co. Establishing deeprooted perennial and selfsustaining vegetation such as grasses, forbs, legumes, shrubs and trees improves biomass carbon sequestration and enhances soil carbon. Soils contribution to climate change, through the oxidation of soil carbon, is important. Carbon management and sequestration center soil stewardship soil stewardship and care must be embedded in every fruit and vegetable eaten, in each grain ground into the bread consumed, in every cup of water used, in every breath of air inhaled, and in every scenic landscape cherished. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change. Soil organic carbon is also important to chemical composition and biological productivity, including fertility and nutrient holding capacity of a field. Typically after 15 to 30 years of sequestration, soil becomes saturated and ceases to absorb carbon. Although oceans store most of the earths carbon, soils contain approximately 75% of the carbon pool on land three times more than the amount stored in living plants and animals. A landowners guide to carbon sequestration credits center for integrated natural resources and agricultural management and the commonwealth project 2007 pdf, 1. Recommended management practices to sequester carbon in soils 4.
It uses plants to trap co2, then strategically uses practices such as reducing tilling, planting longerrooted crops and incorporating organic materials into the soil to encourage the trapped carbon to move intoand stay inthe soil. However, soils and thus agriculture can play a major role in mitigating. Carbon sequestration in soils ecological society of america. Technical potential of soil carbon sequestration using recommended practices. Review soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Food, agricultural and biological engineering, 590 woody. Types of soil inorganic sic with numerical values of carbon sequestration in various soils adapted from lal et al. Carbon sequestration, and the extent to which it can be counted as a reduction in a nations carbon. Strategies to increase the soil carbon pool include soil. Soils sink carbon and release to the atmosphere when the equilibrium i. Terrestrial carbon sequestration terrestrial sequestration sometimes termed biological sequestration is typically accomplished through forest and soil conservation practices that enhance the storage of carbon such. Fossil fuel burning far left represents only about 4 percent of the annual.
Position of the soil science society of america increased long term 2050 year sequestration of carbon in soils, plants and plant products will benefit the environment and agriculture. Soil organic carbon storage sequestration principles and. Nov, 2018 for nearly 2 decades, researchers in the soil science community have studied and estimated the potential of sequestering carbon in soil organic matter 2, 3. Terrestrial carbon sequestration has a potential role in reducing the recent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide co2 that is, in part, contributing to global warming. Carbon sequestration is the longterm storage of carbon. Summary of observed rates of soil carbon sequestration kg c ha. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Study was carried out on plantation and natural regeneration sites in baghmara buffer zone community. Strategies of carbon sequestration based on natural processes, engineering techniques and chemical transformations 2.
This is considered a lowcost option and can offer other. Jan 17, 2018 the global magnitude pg of soil organic carbon soc is 677 to 0. Strategies of carbon sequestration based on natural processes. Soil carbon sequestration is so important that if employed globally, it could enable us to evade the carbon emissions trap. The soil carbon impacts of agriculture are ignored by current ghg accounting systems, which means that the current ghg emissions of agriculture have been greatly underestimated, the emissions of organic farming greatly overestimated, and the real potential of soil carbon sequestration overlooked. Pdf on jan 1, 2006, martial bernoux and others published soil carbon sequestration find, read and cite all the research you need on. At saturation, a soil will cease to be a sink and can. Carbon is found in all living organisms and is the major building block for life on earth.
Page 2 attra agriculture, climate change and carbon sequestration change and irrigation and water management, are ways that farmers can address climate change. Globally, soils contain about 3 times more c than the atmosphere and 4. If the soil is disrupted or tillage practices are abandoned, the soil becomes a net source of greenhouse gases. Total amount of storage is limited soc stabilization is subject to saturation. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change r. The balance between carbon c sequestration or storage in various sinks like soils and. Carbon exists in many forms, predominately as plant biomass, soil organic matter, and as the gas carbon dioxide co 2 in the atmosphere and dissolved in seawater. | https://perfcammithe.web.app/839.html |
Noise came out in January (2023) but will it come to Netflix?
Here is everything you need to know about Noise release date on Netflix (USA). Details include the date it was added to Netflix, the ratings, cast, the plot, and more. Scroll down for more information.
Noise is a drama movie directed by Natalia Beristáin. The film was first released on January 11, 2023, and has a rating on IMDb.
Noise is coming out on Netflix on January 11, 2023. Let’s look at the cast, movie plot, reviews, and what’s new on Netflix. ⬇️
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Movie Name
|Noise|
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Release Year
|2023 (US)|
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Rated
|Not Rated|
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Runtime
|1 hour 45 minutes|
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IMDd Rating
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Director
|Natalia Beristáin|
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Original Release Date
|January 11, 2023|
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How to Watch
|Netflix|
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IMDb Website
|IMDb|
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Genre
|Drama|
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Updated
|January 2023|
📅 All release dates
Noise is came out scheduled to be released on Netflix on Wednesday, January 11, 2023. We use publicly available data and resources such as NetflixSchedule and NetflixDates to ensure that our release date information is accurate. Some Netflix titles are considered original in one country but not in another and may not be available in your region. Additionally, dates may change, so check back frequently as we update this page.
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📽️ Theater Release Date
|January 11, 2023 (US)|
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📀 Netflix DVD Release Date
|TBA|
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📺 Netflix Streaming
|January 11, 2023|
You can start watching Noise at 3:01 AM ET (Eastern) on the east coast and 1:01 AM PT (Pacific) if you’re on the west coast. And, 3:01 AM CT (Central), 2:01 AM MST (Mountain).
🎞️ Plot
A mother desperately searching for daughter who’s been missing for two years.
👨👩👧👦 Cast
Noise is starring Julieta Egurrola, Teresa Ruiz, Erick Israel Consuelo.
⭐ Reviews
IMDb: Noise has an IMDb rating of /10 based on 9 user votes.
Rotten Tomatoes: Rotten Tomatoes gave Noise a 88% score.
Please note, these reviews are only accurate at the time of writing. Noise reviews will be updated regularly.
🧐 Rated
Noise is rated: Not Rated.
⁉️ FAQ
Who is the director of Noise?
Noise was produced by PUCARÁ cine, with a budget of . Its initial release on January 11, 2023, made approximately at the Box Office.
Where you can stream Noise?
You can stream Noise on Amazon Video or Netflix. Visit Noise official website for more details.
Is Noise a Netflix Original?
Noise is a movie released in 2023.
When did Noise come out?
Noise was originally released on Wednesday, January 11, 2023. The film has been released approximately 1 day ago.
Related references
Below are interesting links related to Noise:
– See what’s new on Netflix January 2023.
– Find out what movies and shows came out on January 11th.
– Everything you should know about January 11, 2023. | https://www.whatsnewnetflix.com/releases/when-is-noise-coming-to-netflix-release-date/ |
Dietary modification is central to obesity treatment. Weight loss diets are available that include various permutations of energy restriction, macronutrients, foods, and dietary intake patterns. Caloric restriction is the common pathway for weight reduction, but different diets may induce weight loss by varied additional mechanisms, including by facilitating dietary adherence. This narrative Review of meta-analyses and select clinical trials found that lower-calorie diets, compared with higher-calorie regimens, reliably induced larger short-term (<6 months) weight losses, with deterioration of this benefit over the long term (>12 months). Few significant long-term differences in weight loss were observed for diets of varying macronutrient composition, although some regimens were found to have short-term advantages (e.g., low carbohydrate versus low fat). Progress in improving dietary adherence, which is critical to both short- and long-term weight loss, could result from greater efforts to identify behavioral and metabolic phenotypes among dieters. | |
A Story of a 1000x Algorithmic Runtime Performance Improvement
We needed a fast optimization algorithm for our integrated logistics and order satisfaction planning enterprise solution, targeted specifically for the poultry products manufacturers. By algorithm, I don’t mean a piece of code like sorting or finding shortest distance here, but rather a collection of algorithms to solve a large problem which has various aspects.
The reason we needed a fast algorithm was due to the nature of the problem. As most of the real world optimization problems, the problem we tackle in this case is a combinatorial optimization problem, meaning that you need to try as many alternatives as possible to increase your chance of finding the best solution. This doesn’t mean a brute force approach though, far from it actually, as all the computers combined in the world cannot try all the combinations, even if they were to be run the entire time of the human history. And this is for only one day’s problem, you will get an entirely different scenario for the next day. So, you gotta be smart about it. In any case, having a fast algorithm which can solve as many cases as possible in a relatively short time would certainly help the overall success of the system.
To do that you will first need to come up with an algorithm with a low theoretical overall computational complexity, and then implement it efficiently. I will mainly talk about how to put your design into practice here.
At this point you have two alternatives,
Knowing that you need a high performance algorithm, you code proactively. You write your code paying attention to stuff which you think might cause you some performance loss, maybe you throw around some Maps here and there for indexing and fast search by key for example.
You go by coding as usual, only paying attention to object oriented patterns and design principles like GoF and SOLID respectively for example. You do not necessarily predict or take any precaution for a potential performance issue here.
I don’t know which approach you liked as you read, but I can tell you that most of the people tend to choose the first approach to avoid future work or for being idealist or whatever reason. So what people usually do, they do their best and hope for the best result :)
However, beware that there are few problems associated with the first approach which might not be apparent immediately.
You are constantly trying to solve a problem which you predict you will have in the future. In other words you are doing tomorrow’s work today, to avoid the potential of doing it in the future. This is one of the most basic fallacies software developers and designers keep constantly doing, and I had my fair share in it too. That is, people constantly and proactively try to solve a problem or put a feature or extend the design to accommodate needs which might be needed in the future. These needs never arise! Even if they did, it usually is not exactly the way you predicted them to be. So here you are, doing the work again, which you did some extra work to avoid doing it in the first place. Reflecting back to our performance optimization case, the potential bottlenecks you predicted may not turn out to be real or impacting in any way.
The code you put here and there to prevent potential performance issues, may turn out to be useless, and therefore cluttering your code making it harder to understand and maintain. Any code piece which does not have clear objective or well defined function is hard to understand.
Taking the first approach does not automatically mean that you do not pay attention to stuff like object oriented patterns and design principles. However predictive problem solving usually causes the lean design to deviate to unnecessary dimensions and become, well, fat.
Having taken the first approach many times in the past and learning from my mistakes, I took a different approach this time, the second one :)
One fallacy that people may fall while applying this approach is, they interpret this as no need for an overall design or vision. This is absolutely not the case, and may lead you to wrong destination instead. The essence here is not to put excessive effort and get stuck in details which you anticipate as being important for improved performance. That being said, if you are taking this approach, you are accepting beforehand that you will make improvements and do some refactoring during or after you have your functioning algorithm. So what is the first step for improvement?
Measuring
You need to measure in order to be able to make improvements. Otherwise you will not be able to tell if you made an improvement or not. It is wise to use some benchmarking tool to keep record of the overall or component wise performance of your algorithm. JMH will do the job if you are using Java for instance. Besides keeping track of the overall performance, you will need to measure the various aspects of the system like CPU and memory usages in detail. Profiling tools are extremely useful in this context. They can help you monitor things like the overall CPU and memory usage, garbage collector run times and method level CPU times and so on. They are crucial in identifying potential performance issues, which brings us to the second step of the improvement cycle.
Identify Problem
The second step of an improvement cycle is to name things, that is define clear targets and objectives which can be acted upon. If you do not have a clear objective and target, you are likely to do unnecessary work, which does not serve your purpose as I explained before. You may use models like Theory of Constraints to identify problems. This was the way I went. To go down the same road, you first identify the most constraining part of the system, improve it, remeasure and repeat the cycle.
Action
Refactoring is the name of the game at this step. You identified the source of a problem at the previous step and if you also identified a possible resolution for the issue, the only thing left to do is refactoring your existing code to incorporate the new approach to your existing code. You are most likely to introduce new test cases and modify the existing unit tests during this step. The key here is to only incorporate enough changes to resolve the issue and no more. Kind of an extreme programming (XP) approach. This is the way you keep your design and code lean.
By repeating this cycle; measure, identify and action; you keep improving your solution at every iteration, until it is no more feasible or meaningful to introduce new improvements. By meaningful, I mean the extra effort required for the next improvement is not worth or cannot be justified for the expected performance gain.
Following this recipe, I had the first working and fully functioning algorithm which took about 2 minutes to run with a real problem data. Hardly identifiable as a fast algorithm for combinatorial optimization problems. Keep in mind that I did not do any premature code optimization at this point. After the first improvement cycle, the algorithm took about 10 seconds to run with the same data, which means I had more than 10 times performance improvement after performing only one improvement cycle. After a few more cycles, I was able to gain another 10 times improvement which made a total of 100 times performance gain. At this stage the algorithm was able to run around 1 second. But there were still some potential. After many more iterations, I finally reached a point where the algorithm is able to run around 100 milliseconds, which means more than 1000 times faster than its inception. Now we are able to evaluate 1000s of alternatives in a second on a parallel processing environment (single machine), and propose the best production and logistics plan in minutes to our customers which is far more superior than any plan they ever could hope to make by hand. | https://www.retologic.com/single-post/2017/06/08/a-story-of-a-1000x-algorithmic-runtime-performance-improvement |
© 2014 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. Recycling is a series of activities that includes collecting recyclable materials that would otherwise be considered waste, sorting, and processing recyclables into raw materials, and manufacturing them into new products. In this chapter, the collection of recyclable materials in both developed and developing countries are reviewed. The physical and chemical recycling methods are also included with necessary engineering calculation. Finally, the marketing of recyclable materials is also depicted.
Recommended Citation
Kajitvichyanukul, Puangrat and Hung, Yung Tse, "Municipal Solid Waste Recovery and Recycling" (2013). Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications. 368. | https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/encee_facpub/368/ |
Since my last article, I have seen many new spring arrivals in our back yard. These include Grackles, Mourning Doves, Northern Flickers, Purple Finches and Purple Martins. Killdeer, Lesser Scaup Ducks, Mallard Ducks and Snow Geese have arrived in rural areas, but can be seen flying overhead right in town. By the time this goes to print, there will be still more arrivals.
This week, I want to cover a bird that is quite common, but generally overlooked and misidentified. Most surprisingly, most people do not even know the bird exists. As a youngster growing up on the farm, every farm yard had at least one nesting pair, yet nobody seemed to be aware of what they were. In this piece, I want to reveal this bird which is the only member of its family west of the Rockies – but, not just yet.
For years, I have been befuddled by people reporting the sighting of a Robin-sized grey bird. Some observes even noted that the bird had some dark spots or dots on it. The description of the spots as to size, number and location were very vague and not helpful at all. Nobody seemed able to compare it to an existing bird such as a Crow, duck, Grackle or anything else. Then, I happened to be observing a flock of birds in Texas when it dawned on me what this mystery bird was. Later that spring back in Foam Lake, an eleven year old boy, an ardent birder, came to our house to look at my bird photos. When the same silhouette, as included in this week’s article, appeared on the computer screen he immediately said, “Mourning Dove”. Without hesitation, he identified it by shape alone.
I do have excellent pictures of Mourning Doves, but I did want to make a point. Shape and behavior of a bird are, at times, more important than colour or size. This example is a classic! The silhouette clearly shows the bird to be a pigeon. All I would have needed to identify the mystery bird is to have had somebody say that it looked like a pigeon. Remember the old adage, “If it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck”.
In the preceding paragraph, I described the Mourning Dove as a pigeon. The words pigeon and dove serve no distinction in the birding world and are considered the same. Through general usage, however, dove refers to the smaller members of the group, while pigeon refers to the larger ones.
There used to be three wild pigeons in Canada, but with the extinction of the Passenger Pigeon in 1914, there are now only two – the Band Tailed Pigeon of the Rockies and the Mourning Dove over most of Canada. Males and females of the pigeon family are the same. The Band Tailed Pigeon is our largest pigeon exceeding the familiar “elevator” pigeon in size. “Elevator” pigeons are feral (domestic pigeons that have turned wild). The Mourning Dove is a Robin-sized brownish grey bird with nine, or so, pea-sized black spots on the sides of its lower back and wings that are noticeable only when the bird is perched. Its “song” sounds like an owl far away which has given rise to a curious and long standing myth discussed elsewhere.
Mourning Doves have two characteristics, common to all pigeons, which make them unique in the world of birds. First, they are seed eaters all the time. Unlike other seed eaters they do not feed their young animal protein. Instead, seed is digested by the parents to the point where it becomes a thick liquid, which the parents then feed to the young by regurgitation. This “soup” is known as pigeon’s milk. Second, Pigeons are the only birds (at least in North America) that have the necessary throat muscles to drink water directly like a cow or a horse. Other birds have to scoop up a beak full of water then raise their heads and let gravity pull the water down their throats. Should Mourning Doves come to your bird bath, watch how they drink.
There is a very common myth surrounding Mourning Doves that I must mention. My parents and their contemporaries always predicted rain when they heard “owls” hooting in the day time. Once, when my father made this statement, I decided to find these strange owls by following the source of the sound. Instead of owls, I found two Mourning Doves cooing and billing. (It was mating season.) Mystery solved and myth busted. I do not remember if it rained.
This year the Mourning Doves returned earlier than I ever recall. Every morning they can be heard cooing away in our yard right at sunrise. This is a bit early for me, but I am glad they are back.
In my last article, I had written about two birds, the Bridled Titmouse and Painted Bunting, which were unexpectedly observed in Saskatchewan in the recent past. Since then I have run across another report of a very unusual sighting of a bird so far out of its range that it should not have been seen in Canada, let alone Saskatchewan – the Great Kiskadee. (I wrote about it in Article 38). The Kiskadee, which was seen in Saskatoon in 1979, is a non-migratory bird found in the extreme southern end of Texas and nowhere else in North America. It most certainly must have been an escapee or perhaps a deliberate release. In any case, confirmed sightings of such wildly located (out of place) species are considered hypothetical and are not considered official records.
However, there are quite a few spring birds here already. Right now, in town, I have seen Robins, Crows, Merlins and swarms of Juncos. In rural areas Canada Geese, Bluebirds, Horned Larks and Tree Sparrows have been seen. The great thing is that there are many more to come.
This week, I had hoped to write about Horned Larks or Bluebirds or Tree Sparrows, but I do not have any photos of any of these so it will have to wait. Hopefully, things will work out next year.
Instead, I will offer up a few tidbits about a bird that should be here in about a week or so, and should be seen in just about everybody’s backyard in town. The Lincoln Sparrow is a transient that spends about three weeks in our area each spring from the last week of April to the first two weeks of May. Times vary depending on the spring. Then it moves further north to the Boreal Forest.
It is a nondescript bird that normally would be very difficult to identify, but for one thing: the sparrows that usually come into our backyards are quite easy to identify because of good easily recognizable field marks. All the other nondescript sparrows such as Vesper, Savannah, Song and Grasshopper, are in the rural areas. The Lincoln’s is a bit of a skulker and sticks close to the ground much like a mouse would. At this time of year even its skulking habits cannot prevent it from being seen as there is very little cover. Like other sparrows it does like to scratch in leaf litter to uncover food. With a little practice it is quite easy to identify. Binoculars are a great help, here! It has a quite distinctive grey face and side of head with a brown streak running through the eye. A head on view shows a grey crown line running lengthwise through a brown cap. Occasionally, it will sing around here. If it does, it will be perched on a branch only a foot or two above the ground. Its song resembles that of the House Wren. Listen for it.
Meanwhile, enjoy the arrival of the transient and summer birds. Some are here already and the rest will be flooding in shortly.
My intention was to write about parrots, but I am home as of this writing and felt compelled to write about something else. The parrots will have to wait until next year. Instead, I am going to write about sightings of very rare birds – confirmed sightings that never should have happened. I will be dealing with three birds that never should have been where they were observed. This week’s article will have two photos – the Bridled Titmouse and the Black Throated Magpie Jay. I do not have a picture of the Painted Bunting.
The Black Throated Magpie Jay is a non-migratory resident of southwestern Mexico. It never comes near the US border. Yet, here it was in southern Texas about 1500km out of its range and on the wrong side of the continent. How did it get there? Birders are unanimous in believing that the jay was a caged bird that escaped or was released. Not only is this jay non-migratory, but it is a social bird that lives in family groups. There is no chance that a solitary jay would make a long flight like that.
The Magpie Jay is a handsome bird that really does closely resemble our Magpie in size and shape – hence the name. The jay is considerably larger with an overall length well beyond two feet; our Magpie’s overall length is well below two feet. However, in observing this jay, I could not make this distinction. When perched, the jay has a noticeable crest; the Magpie does not. In flight, a Magpie’s tail feathers move with the body. There is no noticeable tail movement. On the other hand, the jay’s tail feathers are quite flexible and flutter as the bird flies – much like holding a streamer outside a moving car window.
The next two birds, whose ranges are limited to the southern US, have recently been observed in Saskatchewan.
A few years ago, the sighting of a Painted Bunting (the first in Canada) made the local TV news. I remember a radio interview with a woman from Kelvington who had seen the bunting. As I recall, she did not report it at first for fear of ridicule, however, after hearing of sightings further south, she decided to report hers.
The sparrow sized Painted Bunting is considered to be North America’s most gaudily coloured bird complete with red, blue, green and yellow. Other people consider it North America’s most beautiful bird. I have never seen one, so I do not have an opinion on that topic. For a more detailed description, check with your (or anybody else’s) bird book. It is only moderately migratory with its northern limits in southern Kansas.
Similarly, the Bridled Titmouse caused quite a stir in the birding community when it was observed in Moose Mountain Provincial Park near Kenosee. This little, non-migratory “crested chickadee” is a resident of southern Arizona and New Mexico only. It is a grayish bird with a whitish face and striking black facial patterns that look like a bridle – hence its name. However, it was about 3000km out of its range! One birder who reported the event stated, “It had a lot of help getting here”. The same could probably be said of the Painted Bunting.
Unfortunately, we can never be sure of why or how the birds got here, unless the culprits own up to it – which is highly unlikely. Even though these very real sightings do not count as official sightings, it is still nice to see a strange bird in somewhat of a natural habitat behaving naturally, rather than in a cage. | http://www.johnthebirder.com/2009/04/ |
November 10, 2008.
Supersedes Technical Service Bulletin Group 91 number 07-34 dated August 10, 2007 for reasons listed below.
Affected Vehicles
91 Telematics system, switching off emergency battery
Condition
The emergency battery needs to be switched off.
Technical Background
Vehicles with Telematics system are equipped with an emergency (back-up) battery that provides auxiliary power to the Telematics control module in
the event the vehicle battery goes dead or becomes disconnected.
In order to avoid unnecessary discharge of the Telematics emergency (back-up) battery, it should always be switched off prior to disconnecting the
vehicle battery and switched back on after the vehicle battery is reconnected.
Production Solution
Audi Telematics by OnStar is available as an option on all A4, A6 and A8 models beginning with 03.02 production.
Service
Emergency Battery, switching off/on:
Refer to step-by-step procedure in Repair Manual >> Communication >> Repair Group 91.
Warranty
This TSB is informational only and not applicable to any Audi warranty.
Additional Information
More information on this system can be found in the following resources:
-
Owners Manual: Audi Telematics by OnStar Owner's Guide
-
SSP: For telematics system description and function information, see Audi Telematics by OnStar Self Study Program
-
VAS Scan Tool: Telematics system OBD functions for A4 models, see VAS 5051 tester in mode "Guided Fault Finding"
The following repair procedure(s) will be necessary to complete this procedure: | https://workshop-manuals.com/audi/tt_quattro_coupe/l4-1.8l_turbo_(bea)/relays_and_modules/relays_and_modules_accessories_and_optional_equipment/emergency_contact_module/component_information/technical_service_bulletins/telematics(r)_system_switching_off_emergency_battery/ |
Interest rates have been on the rise since hitting a historic low in mid-2016. Is this a good thing? To borrow a phrase most often associated with politics, where you stand on that question depends on where you sit. If you’re looking to buy a home, or have a small-business loan with a variable rate, you might be getting a little antsy. But if you keep most of your money in cash, you might be feeling a little tingle up your leg as you watch the interest rate thermometer inch up.
But what about serious investors? What do rising rates mean for them, and how should they tweak their portfolios to make the most of this changing climate? Again, it depends. Various assets are impacted in different ways by an ongoing increase in interest rates. We’ll examine how several types of investments typically fare in such an environment. But first, let’s check our bearings so we know where we are in the investment and interest rate cycles. Can’t get where you want to go unless you know where you are, right?
The economy is in pretty good shape as measured by my CHIME index. Consumer spending, Housing, Interest rates, Manufacturing and Employment are turning in solid, if not spectacular, numbers.
Since the early 1900s, stocks have moved in a series of long bull and bear cycles. The bull cycles run about 17 years, during which the market returns an average 14 percent annually. We are currently eight years into one of these bull cycles, according to the analysts. Bonds run in longer cycles of about 30 years. We appear to be nearing the end of a bull cycle for bonds.
Bond prices have been under pressure lately because interest rates are rising after drifting downward for 35 years, with the Federal Reserve predicting that rates will continue to rise over the long term with the Federal Funds Rate moving from its current 0.63 percent to 2.88 percent.
The pace of the interest rate growth is also a factor. If rates spike, like a nasty fever, several asset categories might suffer. Gradual, moderate growth that indicates a healthy economy is preferable, as rates will rise more methodically.
Here’s how several common asset classes could be impacted by this new environment. I refer to this lineup as B-CRISP — Bonds, Closed-End Funds, REITS, Income Commodities, Stocks and Preferred Stocks.
Bonds: Bonds move inversely with interest rates. During those 35 years of declining rates, bonds were thriving. But rising rates create a headwind for bond prices. This doesn’t mean investors should abandon bonds. Quality bonds can provide a portfolio with low-risk protection against the cyclical nature of stocks and a steady stream of interest income.
Closed-End Funds: CEFs have been feasting on the recent record-low interest rates, which have allowed the funds to boost their return while investing in high-return assets. Increasing interest rates mean higher capital costs for CEFs, which could reduce distributions.
REITs: Real Estate Investment Trusts offer investors a way to own real estate by purchasing shares in a portfolio of residential or commercial properties. For the past 20 years, REITs have historically returned 10.9 percent annually. It’s natural to think that REITs would be hurt by rising rates, and their impact on real estate borrowing. But the reality is a bit more nuanced. While REITs do suffer when rates spike, rising rates are a good thing in the long term as they indicate a strong economy and the associated demand for residential and commercial properties.
Income Commodities: Rising interest rates often signal a growing economy — one that will use more commodities. The inflation that comes with that growth can also drive commodity prices higher. MLPs, which allow investors to share in the profits from energy storage and transport systems, can also benefit from the higher demand created by a growing economy.
Stocks: Rising interest rates are a good thing for stocks — up to a point. Stocks tend to gain up until the 10-year Treasury interest rate hits about 4 percent to 5 percent. At that point, interest rates start to become a drag on the economy and, as a result, corporate earnings. Thus, stocks start to suffer. The 10-year Treasury is currently around 2.4 percent. Corporate earnings are strong and are expected to remain so for the rest of 2017.
Preferred Stocks: Preferred stocks are a cross between a stock and a bond. They are issued at a par value and pay income in the form of dividends that may either be fixed or float. As a result, like bonds, preferred share prices are inversely tied to interest rates. As rates go up, preferred stock prices come down. A preferred stock with a fixed coupon rate that was set when interest rates were low might lose its appeal as rates rise.
So, what’s an investor to do in a rising rate environment? If you have a well-crafted long-term investment strategy, you need to stick with that overall plan. Now, as always, you do need to keep tabs on your portfolio and make tweaks as necessary to reflect changes in either your personal situation or the financial landscape.
Give your portfolio the once-over and make sure you are positioned to make the most of the current rate environment.
Read the original AJC article here.
Disclosure: This information is provided to you as a resource for informational purposes only. It is being presented without consideration of the investment objectives, risk tolerance or financial circumstances of any specific investor and might not be suitable for all investors. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Investing involves risk including the possible loss of principal. This information is not intended to, and should not, form a primary basis for any investment decision that you may make. Always consult your own legal, tax or investment advisor before making any investment/tax/estate/financial planning considerations or decisions. | https://www.yourwealth.com/whats-an-income-investor-to-do-in-a-rising-rate-environment/ |
[Ethical principles in medical practice].
In the present work, we present an analysis of ethics in the practice of medicine, as a fundamental element of the quality of medical care. We present a brief review of factors related to the development of ethics. In this paper we have shown different institutional and societal conditions for the definition and promotion of ethics. We present a conceptual analysis of the quality of medical care and how ethics interplays with the care given by medical practitioners and how that combination of quality medical care and adherence to ethical principles are used to solve health problems, with a high-degree of satisfaction to both patients and their families. Before entering into the conceptualization of each of the ethical principles of medical practice, the concepts of morality, ethics, bioethics, medical ethics, and ethical deontology are defined. We continue with the proposal of ten ethical principles of medical practice that include charity, fairness, autonomy, confidentiality, respect, dignity, solidarity, honesty, loyalty, and justice, and the concept of each of them, as well as the precepts that each principle contains.
| |
FOR COMMUNITY PARTNERS:
Designing Remote Opportunities: a Workshop for Community Partners
FOR STUDENTS:
Virtual Volunteering
Weekly Community-Engaged Learning Newsletter
The OCEL newsletter provides a list of volunteer opportunities, community happenings, and campus civic engagement events.
The Volunteer Center, Round Rock
The Volunteer Center’s mission for Round Rock and the surrounding communities is to partner with nonprofit agencies and community members to develop, support and promote volunteerism in Williamson County.
Idealist.org
A valuable resource for those who would like to find employment in the non-profit sector after graduation. Search based on target issue or location.
Volunteer Match
A great resource to search for your dream volunteer opportunity. Get in touch with organizations and personalize the searching process.
FOR FACULTY:
Integrative Learning Fellows
The Integrative Learning Fellows Program is a yearlong collaborative faculty learning community focused on engaged pedagogy and scholarship. Fellows are eligible to apply for up to $1400 to support professional development, course development, and research.
Community-Engaged Learning Guide for Faculty
A introductory toolkit for faculty interested in incorporating community-engaged learning pedagogy into their courses. | https://www.southwestern.edu/community-engaged-learning/resources/ |
In this lesson and in next week's, we have a guest lecturer, Bruce Bartlett, who was one of the earliest warriors in the Reagan supply-side revolution. He was Jack Kemp's staff economist in the 1970s, had a stint as minority staff director of the Joint Economic Committee of Congress, then briefly as director of marketing at Polyconomics, then a deputy assistant secretary of Treasury for tax policy in the Bush administration. Currently, he is a senior fellow at the National Center for Policy Analysis. A prolific author, with several books to his credit, he is also a nationally-syndicated columnist with Creators Syndicate whose work appears regularly in The Washington Times. As we approach the new millennium, it occurred to me that Bruce had written the best short single piece I'd ever seen on the economic causes of the Roman Empire's rise and then decline and fall. First published in the Cato Journal (vol. 14, no. 2, Fall 1994, pp. 287-303.), he graciously has assented to having it appear here in two bite-size morsels. If they whet your appetite for ancient Rome, you can go on to read the third volume of Will Durant's History of Civilization, number three titled Caesar and Christ. It always intrigued me that Christianity took root in the earliest days of the Golden Age of Rome, which began with the supply-side tax and monetary policies of Caesar Augustus.
* * * * *
Summary
A major factor in the rise of ancient Rome was its adherence to free market policies. These policies gave Rome the strongest economy of the ancient world, providing the Roman state with the resources to become the greatest empire of all time. Its decline can be traced directly to the reversal of these policies. High taxes, pervasive regulation and debasement of the currency ultimately undermined the strength of the Roman economy. In the end, the state simply did not have the resources to defend itself against barbarian invasions.
Introduction
From earliest times, Roman economic policy contrasted sharply with that in the Hellenistic world, especially Egypt. Economic policy in Greece and Egypt had gradually become highly regimented, depriving individuals of the freedom to pursue personal profit in production or trade, crushing them under a heavy burden of oppressive taxation, and regimenting workers into vast collectives where they were little better than bees in a great hive. The later Hellenistic period was also one of almost constant warfare, which, together with rampant piracy, closed the seas to trade. The result, predictably, was stagnation.
Stagnation bred weakness in the states of the Mediterranean, which partially explains the ease with which Rome was able to steadily expand its reach beginning in the 3rd century B.C. By the first century B.C., Rome was the undisputed master of the Mediterranean. However, peace did not follow Rome's victory, for civil wars sapped its strength.
Free Market Policies
Following the murder of Caesar in 44 B.C., his adopted son Octavian (later called Augustus) finally brought an end to internal strife with his defeat of Mark Antony in the battle of Actium in 31 B.C. It is important to understand that Octavian's victory was due in no small part to his championing of Roman economic freedom against the Oriental despotism of Egypt represented by Antony, who had fled to Egypt and married Cleopatra in 36 B.C. Thus Octavian's victory was a victory for Roman economic policy as well as a personal and political victory. As Oertel put it, "The victory of Augustus and of the West meant...a repulse of the tendencies towards State capitalism and State socialism which might have come to fruition...had Antony and Cleopatra been victorious."
The long years of war, however, had taken a heavy toll on the Roman economy. Heavy taxes and requisitions of supplies by the army, as well as rampant inflation and the closing of trade routes, severely depressed economic growth. Above all, businessmen and traders craved peace and stability in order to rebuild their wealth. Increasingly, they came to believe that peace and stability could only be maintained if political power were centralized in one man. This man was Octavian, who took the name Augustus and became the first emperor of Rome in 27 B.C., serving until 14 A.D.
Although the establishment of the Roman Principate represented a diminution of political freedom, it led to an expansion of economic freedom. Augustus clearly favored private enterprise, private property and free trade. The burden of taxation was significantly lifted by the abolition of tax farming and the regularization of taxation. Peace brought a revival of trade and commerce, further encouraged by Roman investments in good roads and harbors. Except for modest customs duties (estimated at 5%), free trade ruled throughout the Empire. It was, in Rostovtzeff's words, a period of "almost complete freedom for trade and of splendid opportunities for private initiative."
Tiberius, Rome's second emperor (14-37 A.D.), extended the policies of Augustus well into the first century A.D. It was his strong desire to encourage growth and the establishment of a solid middle class (bourgeoisie), which Tiberius saw as the backbone of the Empire. Oertel describes the situation:
The first century of our era witnessed a definitely high level of economic prosperity, made possible by exceptionally favorable conditions. Within the framework of the Empire, embracing vast territories in which peace was established and communications were secure, it was possible for a bourgeoisie to come into being whose chief interests were economic, which maintained a form of economy resting on the old city culture and characterized by individualism and private enterprise, and which reaped all the benefits inherent in such a system. The State deliberately encouraged this activity of the bourgeoisie, both directly through government protection and its liberal economic policy, which guaranteed freedom of action and an organic growth on the lines of laissez faire, laissez aller, and directly through measures encouraging economic activity.
Of course, economic freedom was not universal. Egypt, which was the personal property of the Roman emperor, largely retained its socialist economic system. However, even here some liberalization did occur. Banking was deregulated, leading to the creation of many private banks. Some land was privatized and the state monopolies were weakened, thus giving encouragement to private enterprise even though the economy remained largely nationalized.
The Dole
The reason why Egypt retained its special economic system and was not allowed to share in the general economic freedom of the Roman Empire is because it was the main source of Rome's grain supply. Maintenance of this supply was critical to Rome's survival, especially due to the policy of distributing free grain (later bread) to all Rome's citizens which began in 58 B.C. By the time of Augustus, this dole was providing free food for some 200,000 Romans. The emperor paid the cost of this dole out of his own pocket, as well as the cost of games for entertainment, principally from his personal holdings in Egypt. The preservation of uninterrupted grain flows from Egypt to Rome was, therefore, a major task for all Roman emperors and an important base of their power. The free grain policy evolved gradually over a long period of time and went through periodic adjustment. The genesis of this practice dates from Gaius Gracchus, who in 123 B.C. established the policy that all citizens of Rome were entitled to buy a monthly ration of corn at a fixed price. The purpose was not so much to provide a subsidy as to smooth out the seasonal fluctuations in the price of corn by allowing people to pay the same price throughout the year.
Under the dictatorship of Sulla, the grain distributions were ended in approximately 90 B.C. By 73 B.C., however, the state was once again providing corn to the citizens of Rome at the same price. In 58 B.C., Clodius abolished the charge and began distributing the grain for free. The result was a sharp increase in the influx of rural poor into Rome, as well as the freeing of many slaves so that they too would qualify for the dole. By the time of Julius Caesar, some 320,000 people were receiving free grain, a number Caesar cut down to about 150,000, probably by being more careful about checking proof of citizenship rather than by restricting traditional eligibility.
Under Augustus, the number of people eligible for free grain increased again to 320,000. In 5 B.C., however, Augustus began restricting the distribution. Eventually the number of people receiving grain stabilized at about 200,000. Apparently, this was an absolute limit and corn distribution was henceforth limited to those with a ticket entitling them to grain. Although subsequent emperors would occasionally extend eligibility for grain to particular groups, such as Nero's inclusion of the praetorian guard in 65 A.D., the overall number of people receiving grain remained basically fixed.
The distribution of free grain in Rome remained in effect until the end of the Empire, although baked bread replaced corn in the 3rd century. Under Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.) free oil was also distributed. Subsequent emperors added, on occasion, free pork and wine. Eventually, other cities of the Empire also began providing similar benefits, including Constantinople, Alexandria and Antioch.
Nevertheless, despite the free grain policy, the vast bulk of Rome's grain supply was distributed through the free market. There are two main reasons for this. First, the allotment of free grain was insufficient to live on. Second, grain was available only to adult male Roman citizens, thus excluding the large number of women, children, slaves, foreigners and other non-citizens living in Rome. Government officials were also excluded from the dole for the most part. Consequently, there remained a large private market for grain which was supplied by independent traders.
Taxation in the Republic and Early Empire
The expansion of the dole is an important reason for the rise of Roman taxes. In the earliest days of the Republic, Rome's taxes were quite modest, consisting mainly of a wealth tax on all forms of property, including land, houses, slaves, animals, money and personal effects. The basic rate was just 0.01 percent, although occasionally rising to 0.03 percent. It was assessed principally to pay the army during war. In fact, afterwards the tax was often rebated. It was levied directly on individuals, who were counted at periodic censuses.
As Rome expanded, so did Roman taxes. In the provinces, however, the main form of tax was a tithe levied on communities, rather than directly on individuals. This was partly because censuses were seldom conducted, thus making direct taxation impossible, and also because it was easier to administer. Local communities would decide for themselves how to divide up the tax burden among their citizens.
Tax farmers were often utilized to collect provincial taxes. They would pay in advance for the right to collect taxes in particular areas. Every few years these rights were put out to bid, thus capturing for the Roman treasury any increase in taxable capacity. In effect, tax farmers were loaning money to the state in advance of tax collections. They also had the responsibility of converting provincial taxes, which were often collected in-kind, into hard cash. Thus the collections by tax farmers had to provide sufficient revenues to repay their advance to the state plus enough to cover the opportunity cost of the funds (i.e., interest), the transactions cost of converting collections into cash, and a profit as well. In fact, tax farming was quite profitable and was a major investment vehicle for wealthy citizens of Rome.
Augustus ended tax farming, however, due to complaints from the provinces. Interestingly, their protests not only had to do with excessive assessments by the tax farmers, as one would expect, but also because they were becoming deeply indebted to them. Since communities often lacked the cash or other liquid assets with which to pay their tax bill, tax farmers would advance them the necessary funds, charging high interest rates in return. A.H.M. Jones explains the problems with tax farmers:
Oppression and extortion began very early in the provinces and reached fantastic proportions in the later republic. Most governors were primarily interested in acquiring military glory and in making money during their year in office, and the companies which farmed the taxes expected to make ample profits. There was usually collusion between the governor and the tax contractors and the senate was too far away to exercise any effective control over either. The other great abuse of the provinces was extensive moneylending at exorbitant rates of interest to the provincial communities, which could not raise enough ready cash to satisfy both the exorbitant demands of the tax contractors and the blackmail levied by the governors.
As a result of such abuses, tax farming was replaced by direct taxation throughout the Empire. The provinces now paid a wealth tax of about one percent and a flat poll or head tax on each adult. This obviously required regular censuses in order to count the taxable population and assess taxable property. It also led to a major shift in the basis of taxation. Under the tax farmers, taxation was largely based on current income. Consequently, the yield varied according to economic and climactic conditions. Since tax farmers had only a limited time to collect the revenue to which they were entitled, they obviously had to concentrate on collecting such revenue where it was most easily available. Because assets such as land were difficult to convert into cash, this meant that income necessarily was the basic base of taxation. And since tax farmers were essentially bidding against a community's income potential, this meant that a large portion of any increase in income accrued to the tax farmers.
By contrast, the Augustinian system was far less progressive. The shift to flat assessments based on wealth and population both regularized the yield of the tax system and greatly reduced its "progressivity." This is because any growth in taxable capacity led to higher taxes under the tax farming system, while under the Augustinian system communities were only liable for a fixed payment. Thus any increase in income accrued entirely to the people and did not have to be shared with Rome. Individuals knew in advance the exact amount of their tax bill and that any income over and above that amount was entirely theirs. This was obviously a great incentive to produce, since the marginal tax rate above the tax assessment was zero. In economic terms, one can say that there was virtually no excess burden. On the one hand taxpayers had to earn enough to pay the tax, but on the other they paid no additional tax on earnings above this amount. Of course, to the extent that higher incomes increased wealth, some of this gain would be captured through reassessments. But in the short run, the tax system was very pro-growth.
The Rise and Fall of Growth
Rome's pro-growth policies, including the creation of a large common market encompassing the entire Mediterranean, a stable currency and moderate taxes, were very positive for trade. Hopkins finds empirical support for this proposition by noting the sharp increase in the number of known shipwrecks dating from the late Republic and early Empire as compared to earlier periods. The increase in trade led to an increase in shipping, thus increasing the likelihood that any surviving wrecks would date from this period. Rostovtzeff indicates that "commerce, and especially foreign and inter-provincial maritime commerce, provided the main sources of wealth in the Roman Empire."
Hopkins also notes that there was a sharp increase in the Roman money supply which accompanied the expansion of trade. He further notes that this expansion of the money supply did not lead to higher prices. Interest rates also fell to the lowest levels in Roman history in the early part of Augustus's reign. This strongly suggests that the supply of goods and services grew roughly in line with the increase in the money supply. There was probably also an increase in the demand for cash balances to pay taxes and rents, which would further explain why the increased money supply was non-inflationary.
During the early Empire revenues were so abundant that the state was able to undertake a massive public works program. Augustus repaired all the roads of Italy and Rome, restored the temples and built many new ones, and built many aqueducts, baths and other public buildings. Tiberius, however, cut back on the building program and hoarded large sums of cash. This led to a financial crisis in 33 A.D. in which there was a severe shortage of money. This shortage may have been triggered by a usury law which had not been applied for some years but was again enforced by the courts at this time. The shortage of money and the curtailment of state expenditures led to a sharp downturn in economic activity which was only relieved when the state made large loans at zero interest in order to provide liquidity.
Under Claudius (41-54 A.D.) the Roman Empire added its last major territory with the conquest of Britain. Not long thereafter, under Trajan (98-117 A.D.), the Empire achieved its greatest geographic expansion. Consequently, the state would no longer receive additional revenue from provincial tribute and any increase in revenues would now have to come from within the Empire itself. Although Rostovtzeff credits the Julio-Claudian emperors with maintaining the Augustinian policy of laissez-faire, the demand for revenue was already beginning to undermine the strength of the Roman economy. An example of this from the time of Caligula (37-41 A.D.) is recorded by Philo:
A little time ago in our own district by a person who was appointed to serve as collector of taxes. When certain debtors from poverty took flight in fear of some terrible retribution, he led off by force their women, children, parents, and other kin, and beat and abused them and inflicted every kind of outrage on them to reveal where the fugitive had gone or to pay what he owed--though they could do neither, the one from ignorance, the other from greater poverty than the fugitive's. He did not give up until he had wrung their bodies with the rack and scourge and ended their lives with unheard of afflictions....When there were no kin left, the outrage was extended to their neighbors and at times whole villages and towns, which were quickly abandoned and emptied of inhabitants.
Inflation and Taxation
As early as the rule of Nero (54-68 A.D.) there is evidence that the demand for revenue led to debasement of the coinage. Revenue was needed to pay the increasing costs of defense and a growing bureaucracy. However, rather than raise taxes, Nero and subsequent emperors preferred to debase the currency by reducing the precious metal content of coins. This was, of course, a form of taxation; in this case, a tax on cash balances.
Throughout most of the Empire, the basic units of Roman coinage were the gold aureus, the silver denarius, and the copper or bronze sesterce. The aureus was minted at 40-42 to the pound, the denarius at 84 to the pound, and a sesterce was equivalent to one-quarter of a denarius. Twenty-five denarii equaled one aureus and the denarius was considered the basic coin and unit of account. The aureus did not circulate widely. Consequently, debasement was mainly limited to the denarius. Nero reduced the silver content of the denarius to 90 percent and slightly reduced the size of the aureus in order to maintain the 25 to 1 ratio. Trajan (98-117 A.D.) reduced the silver content to 85 percent, but was able to maintain the ratio because of a large influx of gold. In fact, some historians suggest that he deliberately devalued the denarius precisely in order to maintain the historic ratio. Debasement continued under the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180 A.D.), who reduced the silver content of the denarius to 75 percent, further reduced by Septimius Severus to 50 percent. By the middle of the third century A.D., the denarius had a silver content of just 5 percent.
Interestingly, the continual debasements did not improve the Empire's fiscal position. This is because of Gresham's Law ("bad money drives out good"). People would hoard older, high silver content coins and pay their taxes in those with the least silver. Thus the government's "real" revenues may have actually fallen. As Bernardi explains:
At the beginning the debasement proved undoubtedly profitable for the state. Nevertheless, in the course of years, this expedient was abused and the century of inflation which had been thus brought about was greatly to the disadvantage of the State's finances. Prices were rising too rapidly and it became impossible to count on an immediate proportional increase in the fiscal revenue, because of the rigidity of the apparatus of tax collection.
At first, the government could raise additional revenue from the sale of state property. Later, more unscrupulous emperors like Domitian (81-96 A.D.) would use trumped-up charges to confiscate the assets of the wealthy. They would also invent excuses to demand tribute from the provinces and the wealthy. Such tribute, called the aurum corinarium, was nominally voluntary and paid in gold to commemorate special occasions, such as the accession of a new emperor or a great military victory. Caracalla (198-217 A.D.) often reported such dubious "victories" as a way of raising revenue. Rostovtzeff calls these levies "pure robbery."
Although taxes on ordinary Romans were not raised, citizenship was greatly expanded in order to bring more people into the tax net. Taxes on the wealthy, however, were sharply increased, especially those on inheritances and manumissions (freeing of slaves). Occasionally, the tax burden would be moderated by a cancellation of back taxes or other measures. One such occasion occurred under the brief reign of Pertinax (193 A.D.), who replaced the rapacious Commodus (A.D. 176-192). As Gibbon tells us:
Though every measure of injustice and extortion had been adopted, which could collect the property of the subject into the coffers of the prince; the rapaciousness of Commodus had been so very inadequate to his extravagance, that, upon his death, no more than eight thousand pounds were found in the exhausted treasury, to defray the current expenses of government, and to discharge the pressing demand of a liberal donative, which the new emperor had been obliged to promise to the Praetorian guards. Yet under these distressed circumstances, Pertinax had the generous firmness to remit all the oppressive taxes invented by Commodus, and to cancel all the unjust claims of the treasury; declaring in a decree to the senate, "that he was better satisfied to administer a poor republic with innocence, than to acquire riches by the ways of tyranny and dishonor." | http://www.polyconomics.com/ssu/ssu-990312.htm |
We in the Circle of Life Rediscovery team welcome opportunities to learn, and be challenged to think outside of the box. We are working alongside experts in their fields that bring a depth of knowledge and perspective that offer hope and practical solutions.
Salvatore Gencarelle, weaves together the teachings of the 8 Shields, founded by Jon Young alongside a life-time of mentoring within the Woptura Lineage from his father in law, a recognised Lakota Spiritual Interpreter and healer, based in South Dakota. He is part of a living story of hope, that began long before he was born. For 27 years he experienced an immersion into ancient connection practices and witnessed impossible healings. This depth of experience and knowledge now takes him around the world as a Helper motivated by the commitment to a future that looks after all the living world, seen and unseen.
It is exceptionally rare, in my experience to find someone who has given over his life to these teachings and who is doing his best to make it possible to have a healthy future. Our work in this organisation is to support people of all ages and backgrounds to build a mature relationship with nature. Sal provides a glimpse into an ancient understanding of this relationship, that makes sense and is part of what is needed to be truly sustainable and regenerative.
He has the ability to guide us to a new framework of understanding, providing the necessary healing journey to access a more complete way of being. In the talk below, he offers an short glimpse into his personal journey, how this links to key people, who are more familiar to us in the Nature movement and ways in which ceremony, deep nature connection can provide life changing experiences. His understanding of how human law is intertwined with natural law and held within sacred law provides a profound rediscovery of our place in the circle of life!
Over the next 12 months Sal’s Life Initiation & Rites of passage Training will take us on a journey together. On this journey we will explore the foundations of connection and relationship. From there we will walk the path that has developed into processes which re-vitalize connection, which I call the Advance Connection Practices. We will examine the trans-cultural aspects of Rites of Passage, various cultural expressions of these practices, and immerse in Rites of Passage from specific lineages. One of the main lineages we will focus on is that of Woptura of the Lakota Nation. Through this journey you will develop new and potent connections to all of creation and how to use these techniques to lead other to a more holistic state of being.
The gatherings will provide attendees an opportunity to participate in various Rites of Passage, including Purification Rites, Rites of Competency, Rites of Initiation into Womanhood/Manhood, Grief Healing Rites, Elder Initiations, Rites of Death.
We welcome people of all backgrounds and professions and believe this work is applicable to a diverse range of people. (Leaders of organisations, Group facilitators/Teachers, Nature/Youth Facilitators, Parents, Cultural creatives). Enrolled members of Native American Tribes may attend at a minimum rate (that covers food/particular items).
Summary of Life Initiation and Rites of Passage Training Outline Year One:
- 4 gatherings over one year – Feb, May, Sept, Dec (each gathering for 4 days each)
- 8 pre-recorded talks on Life Stages and rituals which honor each stage
- Exclusive text and media
- Introduction to the Advanced Connection Practices – rituals of Life Initiations and Rites of Passage including an oppportunity to Vision Quest and Inipi (Sweat Lodge).
- Gender specific course material and teachings
- Support to implement concepts into personal and community life
Outcomes:
- Immersion into practices which honor life stage and enhance personal and community development
- Deeper understanding of the Map of Life, and how to read this map
- Understanding the Universal, Natural, and Human Principals of Connection
- Simple and effective ways to incorporate concepts and honoring rituals in everyday life
- Opportunity to become a caretaker of Connection Rites (limited responsibility)
- Introduction of Advanced Connection Practices
- Enhancement of Nature Connection Core routines
- Application of Life Stage Honoring in the context of community (case by case basis)
- Development towards a facilitator of re-connection and connection optimization
- Placement on the path of the Visionary Trailblazer
We will be offering a ‘kids nature-programme’ alongside the Spring (Part 1) and Summer (Part 2) trainings during the weekends and have a small group mentoring programme on the week day part for a small group. Please contact for further details.
Complimentary Downloads:
Listen to full audio track of Salvatore Gencarelle talking about the Woptura Lineage under which he was mentored including reference to Gilbert Walking Bull. This talk refers to the qualities of leadership, connected relationship, seven sacred attributes and songs.
Listen to Sal on an mp3 recording talking about Rites of Passage
A snippet of Sal talking about the training on the last Transformative Learning Course
“This work is like fuel for the soul and has given me more strength and resilience at work, more peace in my life as a whole and a deep respect for these ancient teachings and the Lakota lineage they have been passed down through” (Life Within Participant 2014)
Background:
Historically cultures around the world had ways of honoring life stages – ways of helping infants grow into well grounded, completely connected individuals. It was through the honoring of life stages, sometimes called Rites of Passage that people grew into adults and eventually elders which were able to fully access their unique gift and share it with the community for the good of all.
These cultures had a deep understanding of the life stages each human being goes through as well as how a culture can meet the challenges and possibilities that come with these life stages. They also knew how to facilitate the transitions between the stages. This knowledge and understanding was necessary in order to prevent people from stagnating in their personal development and get stuck in loops of adolescent behavior, something we can often observe in modern societies. Instead individuals were enabled to unfold and blossom their own personalities and gifts to their fullness, with responsibility, aliveness and deep joy.
“I highly recommend this and any future classes with Sal as the experience that he has is direct from almost two decades of mentoring which creates such a wealth and depth of understanding which I feel is very much needed at this time.” (Heart and Song Training Participant 2015)
Do you wish for yourself and others:
- To understand the stages of life and thus will be able to live them to their fullness?
- To understand life transitions and the challenges that come with them, for boys/men as well as for girls/women?
- To undergo Rites of Passage that you have missed in growing up, so that you can access your full power as an adult?
- To learn to facilitate transitions for others
- To learn about the traditions of Life Stage Honoring as applied by Native American peoples
- To experience ancient, very alive and very powerful rituals and see where they will take you and how you can integrate their power into your own life and work?
- To find an access to your own cultural roots?
- To strengthen your intuition and ability to receive vision of what is coming and what is needed?
- To get to know and unfold your personal gifts and qualities?
- To immerse yourself in an intensive process of learning and discovery that will help you to grow beyond limiting ideas of yourself?
- To experience mentoring, learn about it and eventually give it on to others?
- To support social change?
- To support a healthy and happy future for the unborn generations and all of creation?
- To experience vibrant, healthy community with other participants, full of mutual inspiration and support
If you can answer one or several of these questions with “Yes”, then this training might be a great programme for you! This training will continue beyond Year one for people that are willing to commit further. Each Year focuses on different skill sets and connection techniques and is built on the previous year’s experience. | https://circleofliferediscovery.com/blog/2015/11/ |
"The Simple - and Fast - Way to Brainstorm Ideas in Remote Teams"
Below is an article originally written by Jay Elkerton at PowerToFly Partner MURAL, and published on April 20, 2020. Go to MURAL's page on PowerToFly to see their open positions and learn more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced a new challenge - social distancing from one another to reduce the spread. That's why I invited six colleagues to do a quick brainstorming method from across locations. Here's how we generated 70+ ideas in 15 minutes.
During this session, I invited colleagues bringing diverse perspectives to solve an important challenge:
How might we maintain social distancing orders in different public spaces and improve our well being?
I'm a certified practitioner, instructor, and facilitator with the LUMA Institute, an organization that promotes human-centered design with their System of Innovation. I chose one of the 36 methods from their toolkit to accomplish our meeting goal. We used the Creative Matrix framework in MURAL to generate ideas that would help "flatten the curve".
Remote participants use sticky notes, GIFs, and pictures in the Creative Matrix - a LUMA method for generating ideas.
Why use the creative matrix?
This method stimulates cross-pollination of ideas at the intersection of two different classes of information. One usually is associated with people (e.g., personas, markets segments, problem statements or activities) and another enabling solutions (e.g., technologies, environments, or policies). The resulting matrix compels people to generate a wide range of ideas quickly.
After a round of silent idea generation, we quickly shared, discussed and conducted a voting session to assess which ideas we liked. During this discussion, we identified similar concepts across the matrix. We agreed to group similar concepts together using the affinity clustering method.
We went from 70+ ideas to 16 social distancing practices that could be promoted to sustain these life-saving behaviors.
MURAL's keyboard shortcuts helped us generate ideas even faster than we would have in person.
Over 70 people attended and learned how to visually and remotely generate ideas in MURAL. Thanks to co-hosts Mark and Hailey, the webinar attendees even added a few of their own ideas to the mix! Attendees appreciated this timely and important topic, loved the energy of the remote engagement and gleaned several practical remote facilitation tips by seeing the collaboration unfold on MURAL.
📽️Missed the live session? Watch the Backstage Pass recording here.
🖼️ Explore the mural we created by clicking the image below:
We host MURAL Backstage Pass every Friday to give you advice to collaborate and facilitate in online meetings. Register Here
Jay holds informal video drop-in sessions for human-centered design consultation and friendly chit-chat on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 9:00AM to 12:00PM CT. Email Jay at [email protected] if you would like to connect.
Learn About Inside Sales at Commvault
Stephanie Acker, director of inside sales at Commvault, gave us a behind-the-scenes look at the company's application process, culture, and values, as well as her own career journey.
How These 9 Companies Are Celebrating Difference This Autism Awareness or Acceptance Month
Five million adults in the U.S. have autism spectrum disorder, per the CDC. More are considered neurodivergent, which can refer to people with autism, ADHD, and dyslexia.
You've met some of them—maybe they're your family, friends, classmates, or coworkers, or perhaps you identify as neurodivergent yourself.
Elevating Black Women Virtual Summit: Learn more about Our Partners, Sponsors & Speakers
Learn more about our amazing speakers and sponsors at our April 2021 virtual summit Diversity Reboot: Elevating Black Women, three days of conversations and panels plus an interactive virtual career fair.
From everyone here at PowerToFly we want to extend a BIG thank you to everyone who tuned into last week's Diversity Reboot: Elevating Black Women. In case you missed a talk or you'd like to revisit one of our great conversations, don't worry, all of the fireside chats and panels will be available to watch for free on PowerToFly soon.
We were thrilled to present conversations on such important subjects as the racial wealth gap, the importance of affordable child care, how BIPOC youth are leading the way on combatting the climate crisis, the importance of black women in entrepreneurship and business, being an ally for communities outside of your own, plus tech talks, fireside chats with Black woman founders, panels with DEI leaders and much more.
We want to extend a HUGE thanks to our amazing sponsors MINDBODY, Smartsheet, NGA, Procore Technologies, S&P Global, PayPal and PwC whose support made this event possible.
Finally, don't forget to visit our Merch Store and grab yourself some PowerToFly apparel. 100% of the proceeds from our sales will be going to TransTech Social, supporting transgender people in tech.
The NBA’s CMO Kate Jhaveri on Her Marketing Superpower: Building Community
Kate Jhaveri does one thing every day that she suggests you try: belly laughs.
The EVP and Chief Marketing Officer at the NBA credits her two kids with much of that levity—"They're very silly and they, at least once a day, make me laugh out loud," she says—though she seeks to make those lighter connections with her team at work, too. | https://blog.powertofly.com/brainstorm-ideas-remotely-with-mural-2645946613.html |
Egypt's antiquities ministry says that archaeologists have discovered three tombs dating back more than 2,000 years, from the Ptolemaic Period.
The discovery was made in the Nile Valley province of Minya south of Cairo, in an area known as al-Kamin al-Sahrawi.
A statement by the ministry says the unearthed sarcophagi and clay fragments suggest that the area was a large necropolis from sometime between the 27th Dynasty and the Greco-Roman period.
One of the tombs has a burial shaft carved in rock and leads to a chamber where anthropoid lids and four sarcophagi for two women and two men were found. Another tomb contains two chambers; one of them has six burial holes, including one for a child.
Excavation work for the third tomb is still underway.
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Fifty Australian archaeologists have begun a bid in Greece to try and solve the mystery of why a bustling early Iron Age city was abandoned. | |
Revenue Cycle Management (RCM) refers to the process of identifying, collecting and managing the practice’s revenue from payers based on the services provided. A successful RCM process is essential for a healthcare practice to maintain financial viability and continue to provide quality care for their patients.
The move toward value-based reimbursement and more holistic patient care has required healthcare providers to take a closer look at the way they approach revenue cycle management. Poor billing practices can result in financial losses and potentially put at risk the ability to delivery quality care. Striving to improve and streamline core operational procedures can help providers remain financially viable.
The revenue cycle begins when the patient makes the appointment and ends with successful payment collection. However, there are many steps in between that must be accurately and efficiently completed to ensure timely payment. The opportunities for human error due to coding complexities, miscommunication, medical billing errors due to duplicate data, and missing information or misspellings can result in lost revenue.
The ever-changing healthcare regulations and reimbursement models can make receiving timely reimbursement challenging. This can also increase demands on staff time and often requires appropriate software technology to complete necessary reporting. Healthcare providers often work with limited available resources. For providers to achieve RCM success, it often requires focusing on improving efficiency with administrative tasks.
The provider has little control over the payment from the claim review and denial process. Long waits for billing and claims to be processed for provider payments may result from claims denied due to insurance eligibility issues and the increasing efforts to combat healthcare fraud and abuse.
The patient’s responsibility for healthcare costs is growing. If patient payments are collected during, or before, their service then the risk of non-payments is avoided completely. Although this is often a challenging task due to many patients struggling to afford high deductibles and an unawareness of their financial responsibility.
Patient pre-registration is essential to gaining the most accurate information about medical history and insurance information upfront to reduce claim denials. This can permit front-loading the payment process by gathering data about insurance coverage, additional insurance, their maximum allowable visits, and in determining the patient’s financial responsibility.
The front and the back end of the office often have different priorities. If information isn’t shared it can result in claim denials. Improving communication during patient intake pertaining to coverage eligibility can assist with payer coordination, claims reimbursement, and may improve payment collections.
Focus on front end administrative tasks to expedite claims and to assist uninsured patients in understanding their coverage options with insurance exchanges. Revalidating patient insurance information is often overlooked with subsequent visits and can result in eligibility denials.
Communicating with health insurance companies is a key component. Neglecting to manage the claims process after submission can result in pending, rejected or denied claims, or ones that were never received. Tracking claims to determine where problems originate, such as determining if there are issues with specific procedures or codes, can help increase awareness and reduce recurrences.
Poor quality data and future revenue cycle complications can occur without the ability to streamline digital workflow. Developing a strong supporting healthcare IT infrastructure can assist with RCM and the ability to process necessary reports. The implementation of an electronic workflow can also help to seamlessly coordinate front and back communication and eliminate lost paper documentation.
Administrative staff that are knowledgeable in working with the unique requirements of varied payers can assist with developing an effective billing and collection process. This may require organizations to invest in staff training on the use of billing forms, coding, chart documentation, revenue cycle software and insurance verification. Some medical practices choose to outsource their RCM efforts to take advantage of the scale efficiencies and knowledge from dedicated partners.
Administrative staff and coders play an important role in revenue collection, although some may perceive these positions as merely data collection. Foster teamwork and collaboration by offering coders opportunities in mentoring, and other career-development resources, to change this perception, while growing their knowledge base and displaying appreciation for their contributions to the organization’s financial success.
Many providers choose to invest in healthcare Revenue Cycle Management (RCM) software, typically a Practice Management product. While other providers may choose to outsource RCM to ensure a thorough, accurate knowledge of ICD-10 codes.
Focusing on examining and improving an organization’s Revenue Cycle Management (RCM) core operations systems can allow the provider to begin to manage the RCM process rather than allowing the claims to impact the provider’s financial viability. A focus on early detection of issues with pre-registration may help identify eligibility issues to assist in preventing initial claim rejection, while implementing RCM software may help to ensure that timely reimbursement is received.
Optimizing Revenue Cycle Management- What Will It Take to Get There?
What Are The Front-End Steps of Revenue Cycle Management? | https://www.carecloud.com/continuum/what-is-revenue-cycle-management-rcm/ |
SEOUL--(Korea Newswire) April 17, 2017 -- Kim Min Chan, Chairman of the World Masters Committee registered as a candidate in the Republic of Korea’s 19th Presidential Election on April, 15(Sat.), 2017, at the National Election Commission office in Seoul. Candidate Kim Min Chan announced his decision to run in the election is based in part on actualizing his longtime goal of building a Global Art Cultural City in the DMZ.
While many professional politicians have registered as candidates for the 19th presidential election in the Republic of Korea, Kim Min Chan, founder and Chairman of the World Masters Committee, has earned a reputation for his tireless proponent of public and cultural diplomacy. The World Masters Committee, a non-profit NGO founded more than a decade ago, identifies and honors practitioners of traditional culture, folkways, and art; these Korea Masters and World Masters are celebrated and recognized at the World Masters Festival and Embassies Day in Seoul, a multi-day extravaganza in central Seoul organized by the World Masters Committee.
Kim Min Chan’s political philosophy is expressed in his campaign slogan: “New Era, New Nation, New Person.” He presents a clear vision of Korea standing at the nexus of the cultural interchange of nations, the center of a new world spirit for our fast-changing, interconnected times. His plan for achieving this ambitious goal lies in reviving our nation’s spirit and recovering our lost identity as a culture of virtuous governance and tolerant ideology. Kim Min Chan’s long experience in cultural diplomacy has shown him that the key to unlock this great rebirth is in recognizing and catalyzing the best aspects of Korean culture.
For Kim Min Chan, ‘New Era’ signifies the dawning age of global interconnectedness and ongoing cultural interchange. ‘New Nation’ refers to the central role our people should play in the international exchange of goods and ideas during these exciting, fast-changing times. The ‘New Person’ is the Korean who guides our Republic toward prominence and leadership among the great nations of the world.
4 priority principles to create a New Nation
Kim Min Chan sees 4 ‘priority principles’ which must be addressed in order to create the New Nation: establishing fundamental security; enacting serious political reforms; engaging in beneficial international politics; and preparing for a unification of Korea on Korean terms.
Candidate Kim Min Chan explains his first principle, establishing fundamental security, as a response to the situation created by North Korea’s nuclear weapon threats to Korean Peninsula. The most important qualification for the next leader of the Republic of Korea must be a commitment to establish the fundamental security of our nation.
He goes on to describe the importance of his second principle: a political post-mortem to determine where and how our system went wrong. The problems our Republic has faced in the past were not caused by the absence of great policy ideas, but by the absence of the will to enact and execute them. Just as one needs to clean and rejuvenate the soil in order to see a newly-planted tree grow, so too must we remove or improve our current failing systems and create for ourselves a way to execute bold and effective political policies.
He explains that his third principle, engaging in beneficial international politics, speaks to our need to create friendships based on understanding and respect. Kim Min Chan’s extensive experience in cultural diplomacy will serve him well as he guides our relations with other countries in a direction more beneficial than what we’ve seen in the past.
Kim Min Chan understands that the eventual unification of Korea is something that must happen on Korean terms. To this end, he proposes the construction of a Global Art Cultural City in the Demilitarized Zone - an idea that has already attracted special attention. By building a sanctuary like the Global Art Cultural City atop a site noted for division and rancor, Korea will at last be able to put its scarred history behind it, and emerge reborn as a symbol to the world of the possibilities of peace and harmony. Moreover, the Global Art Cultural City will serve as the starting point for a unification driven by Koreans and Korean interests, even as it serves to narrow the gaps of understanding between Koreans in the South and the North. As a professional cultural diplomat, Kim Min Chan knows the powerful symbolic value of freedom and peace in overcoming divides between cultures.
In the New Era, the Ordinary citizen stands at the center of the revolution
Candidate Kim Min Chan is not a polished, trained politician, but like so many of the tens of millions of Koreans who have been battered by the policies and politicking of the professional government class, he is both politically aware and highly engaged. Mr. Kim sees it as his duty, as a citizen of the Republic of Korea - a citizenry with a bold legacy of speaking truth to power - to step into this maelstrom and run on a platform of change, reform, and the creation of a better society.
“Once the scars on the hearts of the Korean people are healed,” he told a recent gathering, “we will unite as one as we awaken to the potential of our own strength, and the Korean people will face with optimism the current and near-term political, economic, and security crises that challenge our country.” He continued, “The Citizens of Korea will lead our nation to its well-deserved place at the origin and center of a brand-new age.”
News Source: Officer of Kim Min Chan, Candidate in the Republic of Korea’s 19th presidential election
Web Site: http://new-kimminchan.com
Korea Newswire distributes press releases to thousands of news media, internet portals across Korea and around the world. | http://www.koreanewswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=848451&ected= |
People and art were inextricably linked throughout history
Person’s awareness of himself is reflected in the stone figures, in the lineaments of architectural monuments.
Human traits and emotions were depicted in paintings, sculpture groups. The problem being, religion and world-view found their expression in the works of art.
The functions of art are to help to understand the world through the emotional perception, to expand the horizons, to awaken the creative forces, to form the spiritual image of a person.
The moment when a person faced the art must have been the greatest discovery, unmatched in the history, according to the opportunities that it had given.
Art does not exist outside the time and society, and in terms of its content it is social and inseparably connected with national traditions and eras.
The painter, rethinking what he has seen, unraveling the mysteries of life in his own way, tries to project his attitude with the help of artistic images, involving us in the intricate process of self-knowledge, making not only our eyes and brain work but also our imagination, mobilizing our spiritual power for the action.
The history of art in human history is a complex picture of the development of various national schools, movements, styles and traditions, without temporal and geographic boundaries.
The origin of art goes to antiquity. The issue of the origin of art has been exciting the best philosophical minds for centuries, but not too much is known about the artistic activity of mankind in the early stages of development.
Numerous works of art (rock paintings, stone and bone sculptures) had appeared much earlier than that a conscious representation of human artistic creativity was formed.
The origin of art goes back to the primitive era when a man first tried to reflect his ideas about the world in art, which contributed to the consolidation and transfer of knowledge and skills, the emergence of another form of communication between people.
According to archaeologists, the major art forms (sculpture, painting, graphics) had appeared already in the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), about 35-10 thousand years BC.
It should be noted that the artistic activities of man in primitive society was inextricably linked with all existing forms of spiritual and material culture: mythology, religion, everyday way of life.
Artistic, spiritual culture existed in close unity with the material, forming a primitive syncretic, i.e., a united, cultural complex, which was disintegrated into separate spheres of culture only many centuries later: religion, art, sports and science.
The images, created by hand of prehistoric man, are the part of a single chain of artistic-religious and theatrical magic effect, reflecting the synthesis of the material and spiritual culture of man living in that long-ago era.
Even today, the art has not lost its position. With the development of various industries, light and heavy, with the production of sheet metal forming, art was neither lost in the turmoil of our everyday lives or has stayed at that stage of its development, but it has formed new trends and directions. | http://the-cage.org/klasika.html |
Israel: Confronting fake news, one camera at a time
While today's widespread use of the term "fake news" can be traced to Donald Trump's first press conference as president-elect, Israel has long had to grapple with the phenomenon of media outlets bending the truth for political gain.
Indeed, the mainstream media blaming Israel for all the problems in the Middle East has only been exacerbated in recent years, with the explosion of social networks and other alternative online outlets. However, instead of just crying foul, organizations such as Israel's Tazpit Press Service (TPS) are providing real-time, accurate, and reliable news information for international media outlets seeking news coverage on Israel and the Middle East.
"Foreign agencies come to Israel with their own perspectives. No one is completely objective," says Amotz Eyal, CEO and founder of TPS, Israel's only press agency. TPS has "Christians, Arabs, Druze and Jewish experts who provide accurate stories about Israel[.] ... Our goal is to expose stories that other services do not cover: not just terrorist attacks, but stories about the different communities in Israel," Eyal states. Since being established in 2012, the agency has broken stories on a wide range of topics related to economics, security, politics, technology, scientific developments, agriculture, and more.
As one of the featured guests at Breaking Israel News's inaugural Prophecy in the News Conference, Eyal shared his thoughts on the journalistic double-standard that permeates the mainstream media's coverage of Israel. With regard to Reuters, the Associated Press and other leading wire services, the TPS CEO isn't worried in the least about taking on the industry's Goliaths. "We're not trying to compete by size, but rather by quality. We have 250 photographers all over Israel. We have more people on the ground here than any other service. As a result, we get to the stories more quickly than any other news agency."
Eyal's specific topic at the Prophecy in the News Conference, "How We Change the Narrative about Israel," was one of the highlights of a gathering that explored the unique challenges and opportunities of reporting the news from a biblical perspective. Ironically, while such a journalistic approach is not considered mainstream, Rabbi Tuly Weisz, publisher of Breaking Israel News, notes that "half of the world recognizes that the Bible is both important historically and as a way to help us interpret today's events."
Similar to the Christian Broadcasting Network and the Trinity Broadcasting Network, Breaking Israel News is not afraid to connect current events to the Bible. And while mainstream media pundits tend to portray Evangelical Christians as irredeemably boorish, ignorant, racist, and homophobic, the latter, not the former, actually represent today's mainstream.
As Rabbi Weisz states: "While the whole world was laughing at Donald Trump, we noted that our supporters took him seriously. The voice of the pro-Israel community is now in the establishment."
Both Eyal and Weisz are dedicated to supplying comprehensive media information to world media forums. The TPS approach is based on resilience, organizational flexibility, and innovation, necessary for telling the "small stories coming out of Israel that can have global ramifications." Meanwhile, Weisz and Breaking Israel News are working to have Christian news sites pick up news from Israel, with the goal of "pulling the camera further back, about 2,000 years back."
In recent months, there has been much discussion about fake news, particularly how it is spread and shared online and whether it influenced the recent presidential election. However, in today's 24/7 reality, it's not enough to simply combat inaccuracies in the media after they have been written, posted, and distributed.
Organizations such as TPS and Breaking Israel News are in the vanguard of a movement to ensure that the truth about Israel, rarely pure and never simple, nonetheless gets told. And in a world of competing narratives, sometimes it helps to look to the numbers to understand how the once monolithic mainstream media is starting to fissure as a result of this push-back. TPS distributes media material to over 180 leading media outlets around the world, and Breaking Israel News is Israel's fifth largest English website, with more than 1.5 million monthly readers.
Long before the advent of the Digital Age, Mark Twain said: "A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes." Today, unverified, false and prejudiced stories about Israel are increasingly being moderated, mediated, and ameliorated.
While today's media elites are entitled to their own opinions, they are not entitled to their own facts.
While today's widespread use of the term "fake news" can be traced to Donald Trump's first press conference as president-elect, Israel has long had to grapple with the phenomenon of media outlets bending the truth for political gain.
Indeed, the mainstream media blaming Israel for all the problems in the Middle East has only been exacerbated in recent years, with the explosion of social networks and other alternative online outlets. However, instead of just crying foul, organizations such as Israel's Tazpit Press Service (TPS) are providing real-time, accurate, and reliable news information for international media outlets seeking news coverage on Israel and the Middle East.
"Foreign agencies come to Israel with their own perspectives. No one is completely objective," says Amotz Eyal, CEO and founder of TPS, Israel's only press agency. TPS has "Christians, Arabs, Druze and Jewish experts who provide accurate stories about Israel[.] ... Our goal is to expose stories that other services do not cover: not just terrorist attacks, but stories about the different communities in Israel," Eyal states. Since being established in 2012, the agency has broken stories on a wide range of topics related to economics, security, politics, technology, scientific developments, agriculture, and more.
As one of the featured guests at Breaking Israel News's inaugural Prophecy in the News Conference, Eyal shared his thoughts on the journalistic double-standard that permeates the mainstream media's coverage of Israel. With regard to Reuters, the Associated Press and other leading wire services, the TPS CEO isn't worried in the least about taking on the industry's Goliaths. "We're not trying to compete by size, but rather by quality. We have 250 photographers all over Israel. We have more people on the ground here than any other service. As a result, we get to the stories more quickly than any other news agency."
Eyal's specific topic at the Prophecy in the News Conference, "How We Change the Narrative about Israel," was one of the highlights of a gathering that explored the unique challenges and opportunities of reporting the news from a biblical perspective. Ironically, while such a journalistic approach is not considered mainstream, Rabbi Tuly Weisz, publisher of Breaking Israel News, notes that "half of the world recognizes that the Bible is both important historically and as a way to help us interpret today's events."
Similar to the Christian Broadcasting Network and the Trinity Broadcasting Network, Breaking Israel News is not afraid to connect current events to the Bible. And while mainstream media pundits tend to portray Evangelical Christians as irredeemably boorish, ignorant, racist, and homophobic, the latter, not the former, actually represent today's mainstream.
As Rabbi Weisz states: "While the whole world was laughing at Donald Trump, we noted that our supporters took him seriously. The voice of the pro-Israel community is now in the establishment."
Both Eyal and Weisz are dedicated to supplying comprehensive media information to world media forums. The TPS approach is based on resilience, organizational flexibility, and innovation, necessary for telling the "small stories coming out of Israel that can have global ramifications." Meanwhile, Weisz and Breaking Israel News are working to have Christian news sites pick up news from Israel, with the goal of "pulling the camera further back, about 2,000 years back."
In recent months, there has been much discussion about fake news, particularly how it is spread and shared online and whether it influenced the recent presidential election. However, in today's 24/7 reality, it's not enough to simply combat inaccuracies in the media after they have been written, posted, and distributed.
Organizations such as TPS and Breaking Israel News are in the vanguard of a movement to ensure that the truth about Israel, rarely pure and never simple, nonetheless gets told. And in a world of competing narratives, sometimes it helps to look to the numbers to understand how the once monolithic mainstream media is starting to fissure as a result of this push-back. TPS distributes media material to over 180 leading media outlets around the world, and Breaking Israel News is Israel's fifth largest English website, with more than 1.5 million monthly readers.
Long before the advent of the Digital Age, Mark Twain said: "A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes." Today, unverified, false and prejudiced stories about Israel are increasingly being moderated, mediated, and ameliorated.
While today's media elites are entitled to their own opinions, they are not entitled to their own facts. | |
WASHINGTON, D.C. – May 15, 2018 – The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) has selected its 2018 award winners, including educators who work to increase access to computer science for all students, use technology with young children and lead districtwide innovation, to name a few. Each year, ISTE honors individuals who are leading the way in accelerating the use of technology to solve tough problems in education and inspire innovation. These winners represent a who’s who in the edtech world and will be honored at ISTE’s Conference & Expo in Chicago, June 24-27.
Jennifer L. Parker, Ed.D., received this honor, which goes to a leader outside the classroom, in recognition of her commitment to ensuring that technology has a positive impact in schools. She is driven to make a difference for teachers and students by providing best-in-class instructional supports to ensure effective, efficient and memorable uses of technology. Most recently, Parker has been active in the Michigan adoption of the ISTE Student Standards (Michigan Integrated Technology Competencies). In addition, Parker is one of the original creators of the 21things Project and continues to serve as a creator and developer on the Project Team. The 21things Project was developed as a series of websites for free and open resources for professional development about technology integration in the classroom. The 21things Project holds two ISTE Seals of Alignment. Parker provides leadership, instruction and support for the effective use of technology to assist and inform instruction for the 130,000 students and more than 10,000 staff in Macomb County. Additionally, she serves on a variety of regional and state teams, organizations and committees through which she provides advice and support statewide.
Leon Tynes Jr. received this award due in part to his commitment and dedication to his students, but also for his innovative teaching approach. Tynes’ teaching methodology ensures that his students are engaged and working hard. Tynes often stays after school to provide his students additional support and maximizes his professional development opportunities over the summer to enhance his own knowledge. Tynes understands the value of collaborating with his colleagues and often helps them incorporate technology into their lessons. Tynes has also received other honors including: 2017 Teachers for Global Classrooms/IREX Fellowship (Morocco), 2017 Grosvenor Teacher Fellowship (Galapagos), 2017 ISTE Technology in Action award, the 2016 Henry Ford Teacher Innovator Award and the 2016 PBS Digital Innovator award.
Each year, ISTE identifies a young educator who shows great promise and commitment. Caitlin McLemore received this award because of her creativity, dedication and collaborative approach. This award is given to a teacher under age 35. McLemore has played an instrumental role on her team and works every day to ensure her students are well prepared for the world that awaits them when they graduate. Her collaborative teaching style allows her to work with every teacher in developing new and innovative projects in the classroom. She is on a constant journey to learn more and is currently pursuing an advanced degree. McLemore enjoys a challenge and when her colleagues present an idea to her, even if just in passing, she is quick to try and operationalize the idea to make it a reality. She guides her students to tinker and create using high-tech tools and online design software that empower them to problem-solve and think critically and creatively. McLemore knows these skills will benefit her students in the future.
Pickerington Local School District is being honored with the Distinguished District Award for its work to use technology in transforming teaching and learning. Some examples of the innovation happening in Pickerington include: implementing a 1:1 program for the entire district in grades PK-12, focusing on using technology to improve instructional practice developing a form of blended learning known as “tradigital learning” to transform pedagogy and creating professional development opportunities for the staff to expand its technology knowledge and expertise.
Janice K.S. Mak’s advocacy work focuses on equity and access to computer science (CS) for every student. Mak's work in envisioning, establishing and cultivating CSforAZ, a statewide effort to expand access to CS, combined with her work on the Arizona State School Board and with the Arizona Department of Education, are powerful examples of advocacy in educational technology. Mak is an integral part of the work to update the ISTE CS Standards, serving on the Stakeholder Advisory Council. Mak also created a Girls Who Code club for middle school girls, working to raise awareness of equity issues in CS while inspiring girls to make, code and create. Mak hopes to inspire the next generation of innovators to make a difference in their communities.
Given in memory of Kay L. Bitter, an early childhood educator for more than 20 years, this award recognizes an educator whose work has had a significant positive impact on the use of technology in education with learners in grades PK-2. Pana M. Asavavatana always knew she wanted to work with young children on their educational journey. When Asavavatana was given iPads for her classroom it sparked a shift in her teaching philosophy to include the way technology connects people as global citizens. Asavavatana focuses on helping students and teachers to not only use technology, but to understand how technology is an intricate part of how we think, learn and communicate, even at 5 years old. Asavavatana works every day to provide opportunities for our youngest learners to think about, analyze and apply skills that reflect how we live, work and play in our world today to redefine what it means to be literate in the digital age. | https://www.iste.org/explore/Press-Releases/Leaders%20in%20Edtech%20Honored%20with%20Prestigious%20ISTE%20Awards |
American workers face a few challenges over the next three decades which could cause slow wage and labor market growth, according to a federal report Thursday.
Workers have faced particularly difficult times over the last decade. A strengthening labor market and renewed interest in the working class have sparked some optimism. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) found in its budget outlook report that workers still face some problems over the next three decades.
Workers can expect three major obstacles in the coming decades. The report foresees slower average wage growth, slower labor market growth, and less productivity. The issues primarily stem from further decreases in the labor force participation rate, fewer incentives to work, federal spending, and higher tax rates.
“The potential labor force grows by 0.4 percent per year, on average, for the next 30 years,” the report states. “The average annual growth rate over the 1967–2016 period was 1.5 percent. That slower projected growth in the potential labor force is mainly a result of the aging of the population and the relative stability in the participation of women in the labor force after decades of increases.”
The CBO makes its projections based on current law. President Donald Trump and congressional leaders have promised to rollback regulations in the hopes of spurring economic growth. They have also promised to lower tax rates and simplify the tax code.
“Higher marginal tax rates on labor income also would reduce people’s incentive to work, and the increase in the marginal tax rate on capital income would reduce their incentive to save,” the report states. “All told, less private domestic investment and a smaller labor supply would result in lower economic output and income than would otherwise be the case.”
The labor market is also expected to become slightly less productive in the coming decades. Productivity measures the average real output of labor and capital services combined. It is expected to increase an average of 1.2 percent annually until 2047. The average rate has been 1.4 percent since 1950.
“Increased borrowing by the federal government under current law generally would crowd out private investment in productive capital in the long term,” the report states. “Less private investment in capital goods would make workers less productive, leading to lower wages and a smaller supply of labor.”
Workers can also expect wage growth to be fairly slow at an average of 1.1 percent annually over the next three decades. Higher income households are expected to drive much of the increase. Increased healthcare costs are also expected to be a drain on take home pay.
The unemployment rate will likely stay relatively stable despite changes elsewhere. Workers should also work fewer hours as workforce demographics shift towards populations that tend to work less. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is also expected to grow slowly with lackluster labor market growth being a contributing factor.
The slow labor market growth can be partially attributed to further declines in the labor force participation rate. The participation rate tracks the number of employed and those actively seeking work as a percentage of the total population. The report forecasts that it will decline from 62.8 percent this year to 59.3 percent in 2047.
“The aging of the population is the most important factor driving down the overall participation rate over the next 30 years,” the report states. “Because older people tend to participate in the labor force at lower rates than younger people, the aging of the population is expected to significantly dampen the rate of participation over the next 30 years.”
The participation rate also factors in those who have suffered long-term joblessness, unlike the employment rate. The report points to a few other factors that might account for the decline. The large percentage of people retiring, for instance, could be compounded by lower participation rates among younger generations.
“First, members of subsequent generations, who are replacing baby boomers in the labor force, tend to participate in the labor force at lower rates than their predecessors did at the same age,” the report states. “Second, the share of people receiving disability insurance benefits is generally projected to continue to rise, and people who receive such benefits are less likely to participate. Third, the marriage rate is projected to continue to fall, especially among men, and unmarried men tend to participate in the labor force at lower rates than married men.”
The CBO expects these other factors to be upset by having a more educated population, changes in racial composition, and more Hispanic workers. The rate has been in decline for a few decades, but the trend became drastically more severe following the last recession roughly a decade ago.
The CBO economic outlook also foresees massive debt increases over the next three decades. The issue primarily stems from increased spending outpacing revenue. The report warns the growing federal debt will hurt the economy, and restrict future budget policies. | https://insidesources.com/american-worker-faces-tough-times-ahead/ |
Red Beans and Rice From 125 Best Vegetarian Slow Cooker Recipes
It was my fake “new years resolution” to break out my crock pot / slow cooker. Really, I just needed to pull it out of it’s hiding space. I even have liners for it, so cleaning it is not even an excuse. It is programmable, and I still didn’t use it. It was chilly yesterday (and today, I woke up and it was 26˚!) and I wanted beans.
Why can you never get a good photo of beans or stews? Trust me, this recipe from 125 Best Vegetarian Slow Cooker Recipes was tasty. I wish it had more beans though. My beans were a bit too soft after 8 hours on low, so I might do 7 next time. Also, I highly recommend adding the red wine vinegar, it always gives soups, stews and beans a wonderful pop of flavour. Still, this was really tasty and great to dig into after a long workout. | http://www.killerbunniesinc.com/2012/01/red-beans-and-rice-from-125-best-vegetarian-slow-cooker-recipes/ |
Disturbing A Meeting Laws in Los Angeles
Anyone who has turned on a TV or logged onto social media in recent months has likely seen coverage of public protests and demonstrations. These kinds of demonstrations are especially common during elections or following public turmoil. But is it actually illegal in California to stage a protest or demonstration during a public meeting?
Depending on the circumstances of a particular case, that answer can vary. Check out the rest of this article to learn how to protect yourself if you have been charged with disturbing a meeting in Los Angeles.
Defining the Crime
Public meetings are held for many reasons. For example, the chamber of commerce may hold a meeting to discuss recent city ordinance changes or an environmental group might hold a meeting to discuss climate change. Whatever the case, California law protects the order and civility of these meetings and proscribes legal punishments for those who willfully disrupt them.
Section 403 of the California Penal Code specifically addresses the crime of disturbing a public meeting. In order for someone to be convicted of this offense, the prosecution must prove that:
It’s important to note that the prosecution must prove each of these elements in order to secure a conviction. If they cannot do so, the charges may be dropped and a conviction, as well as punishments, may be avoided.
Examples of Disturbing A Meeting
Jamal and Megan show up to a city council meeting to protest a new city ordinance about the demolition of dilapidated buildings. Jamal and Megan march into the middle of the room when it is not their turn to speak, wave signs and chant loudly. The meeting cannot progress and Jamal and Megan are taken out of the room by police officers.
They may both be charged with disturbing a meeting because they intentionally created a substantial and unlawful disturbance while knowing that their actions would be disruptive.
In another example, several students on a college campus are holding a rally to protest sexual assault incidents that have occurred recently. They are holding the rally next to a building where faculty members are having a budget meeting. The noise from the protest disrupts the meeting and the protestors are asked to move elsewhere.
They comply and move away. They may not necessarily be guilty of disturbing a meeting because they did not know a meeting was taking place nearby, therefore they did not intentionally disrupt it.
It should be noted that it is only the disruptive actions of people that can lead to charges of disturbing a meeting. Protesting is not necessarily a violation of this law as long as the protest does not substantially or unlawfully disturb a meeting.
Legal Penalties
Disturbing a meeting in Los Angeles is a misdemeanor offense that may be punishable by:
Legal Defenses
Our law firm can help you fight for your innocence when you have been charged with disturbing a meeting. For example, we may argue that:
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We provide superior service, excellent results, at a level superior to other criminal defense law firms. Regardless of where your case is, nationwide, we can help you. | https://www.losangelescriminallawyers.com/los-angeles-disturbing-a-meeting-lawyers/ |
A brilliant and overlooked amalgam of highbrow genius and contemporary pop culture, Gilbert Adair is a pasticheur par excellence and the subject of the Verbivoracious Festschrift Volume Two.
Adair is Scottish by birth, but following graduation moved briefly to London, before crossing the channel and joining in the Paris riots of 1968. He remained in the City of Light for just over a decade before returning with a wealth of cinema and literary knowledge under his belt, which he immediately applied as a writer, film, and book critic.
Adair’s obsession with cinema was exploited in his role as critic in the 1970s, culminating in his first and typically atypical work, Hollywood’s Vietnam (1981, updated 1989), an illuminating critical analysis of America’s tendency to misrepresent its role in the war in celluloid. His career as a pasticheur began with Alice Through the Needle’s Eye (1984), an audacious “third” adventure for Alice, where Adair mimics Carroll’s witty and surreal style to create a tale as memorable as the originals. This feat was repeated with J.M. Barrie in Peter Pan and the Only Children (1987). His first essay collection, a stylistic tribute to Barthes and Perec, Myths & Memories was released in 1986, containing his version of Perec’s Je me souviens. His work as an adult novelist began with The Holy Innocents (1988), establishing the intertextual and autobiographical layers that recur in his following works alongside the wordplay, imitation, trickery, and subversion of genre conventions that lent his work a truly European and Oulipian sensibility, close in places to the peaks of his heroes Queneau and Perec.
Adair’s output as a writer bloomed in the 1990s, starting with the homage to Thomas Mann Love and Death in Long Island (1990), filmed in 1997 by Richard Kwietniowski, starring John Hurt, and The Death of the Author (1991), a minor masterpiece establishing his credentials as a writer capable of moulding his intellectual preoccupations into any literary shape he chooses (in this case, theory). His cultural criticism and broadsheet contributions found an output in The Postmodernist Always Rings Twice (1992) and Surfing the Zeitgeist (1997), two collections of miscellaneous essays spanning an enviable range of topics showing Adair’s restless and impish mind. His millennial Flickers: An Illustrated History of 100 Years of Cinema (1995), now unavailable, is a history of cinema in 100 screenshots, and stands as a monument to Adair’s lifetime of cinematic passion. His other novels of the 90s include The Key of the Tower (1997), an entertaining art thriller, and A Closed Book (1999), a psychological horror told in dialogue. (Filmed by long-term collaborator Raúl Ruiz in 2010 with Tom Conti).
Adair’s skill as a translator also reached its summit in the 1990s, with the appearance of his translation of Georges Perec’s La Disparition (A Void). By translating Perec’s e-less novel into English, Adair arguably topped Perec’s feat. His other translation is Françoise Trauffaut’s Letters (1990).
Adair’s final decade was equally productive. His debut novel, The Holy Innocents, was directed by Bertolucci in 2003, with a screenplay by Adair, followed by a rewrite of the original novel, both titled The Dreamers. A novel about the AIDS epidemic set in the Berlitz in Paris, Buenas Noches, Buenos Aires (2003), followed. His screenplay Klimt, starring John Malkovitch, was made in 2006. His final books are the Evadne Mount novels—a trilogy of Agatha Christie pastiches that indulge in Adair’s fondness for postmodern pranking and mysteries. Adair died in 2011 after a stroke had left him blind in 2010.
Adair also wrote the screenplay for The Territory, a Ruiz film made in 1980, and edited several essay collections on films, A Night at the Pictures (1986), and Movies (1999). He also wrote The Real Tadzio (2001), a biography of the boy who inspired Death in Venice.
Release Date: September 22nd, 2014. ISBN: 9789810921699. 207pp. Available from all booksellers and usual online retailers.
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Contents: | https://verbivoraciouspress.org/volume-two-gilbert-adair/ |
Malheur v0.4.7 - Automatic Analysis of Malware Behavior
Malheur is a tool for automatic analysis of program behavior recorded from malicious software (malware). It has been designed to support the regular analysis of malicious software and the development of detection and defense measures. Licensed under GPL v3.0.
Malheur allows for identifying novel classes of malware with similar behavior and assigning unknown malware to discovered classes.
Analysis of malware behavior?
Malheur builds on the concept of dynamic analysis: Malware binaries are collected in the wild and executed in a sandbox, where their behavior is monitored during run-time. The execution of each malware binary results in a report of recorded behavior. Malheur analyzes these reports for discovery and discrimination of malware classes using machine learning.
It supports four basic actions for analysis which can be applied to reports of recorded behavior:
- Extraction of prototypes: From a given set of reports, Malheur identifies a subset of prototypes representative for the full data set. The prototypes provide a quick overview of recorded behavior and can be used to guide manual inspection.
- Clustering of behavior: Malheur automatically identifies groups (clusters) of reports containing similar behavior. Clustering allows for discovering novel classes of malware and provides the basis for crafting specific detection and defense mechanisms, such as anti-virus signatures.
- Classification of behavior Based on a set of previously clustered reports, Malheur is able to assign unknown behavior to known groups of malware. Classification enables identifying novel variants of malware and can be used to filter program behavior prior to manual inspection.
- Incremental analysis: Malheur can be applied incrementally for analysis of large data sets. By processing reports in chunks, run-time and memory requirements are significantly reduced. This renders long-term application feasible, for example for daily analysis of incoming malware. | http://www.security-database.com/toolswatch/Malheur-v0-4-5-Automatic-Analysis.html |
The 1st step: Learn the work for its literal that means. There isn’t a need to summarize your complete story, as soon as offering major paragraphs. It is enough to put together a short abstract of the main plot. You’ll be able to add your own observations and ideas on the finish of the evaluation. Apart from, a lot of the widespread works of literature are fairly well known, thus your readers are most likely nicely conscious of the work you might be writing about in your evaluation.
Nicely, it is a bit tougher. It is an examination of point-of-view, imagery, symbolism, different literary units , the use of repetition, and another choices the author makes that create a singular piece. This explicit step in the course of may be one that takes quite a while. Not only are you analyzing the presence of these facets of the writing, however you will also have to think about why they’re there at all and what function may they serve. Look at the work underneath the assumption that the authors make deliberate selections, and their choices assist the overall goal of delivering a particular message.
College students want to understand that your entire objective for identifying literary units in pieces of literature is actually to identify evidence for literary interpretation. Subsequently, literary parts and techniques shouldn’t be taught in isolation; they should be connected to writing because these are the instruments a writer uses to communicate a message. It’s the job of an author to assemble a message through the use of literary devices and the job of the essayist to deconstruct the elements to discover that message. When students learn to identify units for the aim of literary evaluation, crafting commentary turns into simpler.
Literary evaluation can be described as the study, analysis, and interpretation of literature. It includes investigating how the writer of a chunk of literature uses context, setting, tone, characters, plot among different strategies to create meaning. College students of literature are required to provide you with a literary evaluation paper every now and then. It is a information on the steps a student should take for positive.
When presenting evidence from the literature piece to help some extent, begin with the proof that best strengthens your point, and add the remainder in lowering order of relevance. Note that secondary sources could also be used as a foundation for supporting your argument further. Nonetheless, it’s crucial that such sources stay secondary and not the principle evidence behind any argument you current within the paper.
Should you research literature, you will need to probably take care of Shakespeare’s works, at the least his sonnets and probably the most distinguished bigger works, reminiscent of Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet, in addition to Romeo and Juliet. Regardless that the Web bursts with essay examples on Shakespeare’s works, the ideas found there are likely not new at all. Subsequently, we’ve got determined to give you some recent concepts and notions that will help you efficiently cross your paper.
Literary analysis essay example school. Characters are the spine of any piece of literature and no writing is full with out them. The introduction and the thesis statement might be produced later. This manner, you possibly can know exactly what background you need to give your readers.
There is no general sample of how one can write a literary analysis, as it tremendously is dependent upon the piece of work it’s good to focus on. For example, the size of your work, variety of paragraphs and formatting shall be fully totally different for a poem and for a novel.
Word order and sentence construction. Syntax is an important a part of establishing an writer’s narrative voice. Ernest Hemingway, for example, is understood for writing in very short, straightforward sentences, whereas James Joyce characteristically wrote in long, incredibly sophisticated strains.
Comparing Convenient Methods For essay samples
Thanks for an incredible paper! You might have awesome writers that really save individuals when they are in trouble. Thanks for finishing my papers inside actually quick deadlines. Step 5 – this is the final paragraph of your literary analysis paper that can give it a sense of completeness. Right here, you can summarize all major points, give your feedback on the work, share your emotions, etc.
Criteria For literature essay samples – An Introduction
An introduction example: Revenge was quite in style within the time of Shakespeare. The main protagonists within the works of literature had been committing crimes within the act of revenge. They have been yearning for revenge, which only brought extra tragically occasions. The one, who was committing crimes, often ended up solely destroyed on the finish. The nature of revenge is quite complicated, but it surely always leads solely to extra suffering. Hamlets’ personality is aimed toward highlighting the nature of revenge and evaluating the type of selections made. Shakespeare used Hamlet character to disclose the true which means of revenge and its consequences.
Your literary analysis should have the conclusion that provides it with a certain sense of completeness and permits all readers to know that they arrive to its finish. This paragraph ought to summarize your key points in love and war mash, restate your thesis in numerous phrases, and make related comments about your chosen literary work from a distinct perspective. Don’t introduce any new topics. | http://themountainvalleyfarmhouse.com/an-update-on-practical-ap-literature-essay-prompts-solutions/ |
1. Using 3 different methods write a program that will continuously cycle a pattern of 12 lights connected to a PLC output card. The pattern should have one out of every three lights set. The light patterns should appear to move endlessly in one direction.
2. Look at the manuals for the status memory in your PLC.
a) Describe how to run program ’GetBetter’ when a divide by zero error occurs.
b) Write the ladder logic needed to clear a PLC fault.
c) Describe how to set up a timed interrupt to run ’Slowly’ every 2 seconds.
3. Write an interrupt driven program that will run once every 5 seconds and calculate the average of the numbers from ’f’ to ’f’, and store the result in ’f_avg’. It will also determine the median and store it in ’f_med’.
4. Write a program for SPC (Statistical Process Control) that will run once every 20 minutes using timed interrupts. When the program runs it will calculate the average of the data values in memory locations ’f’ to ’f’ (Note: these values are written into the PLC memory by another PLC using networking). The program will also find the range of the values by subtracting the maximum from the minimum value. The average will be compared to upper (f_ucl_x) and lower (f_lcl_x) limits. The range will also be compared to upper (f_ucl_r) and lower (f_lcl_r) limits. If the average, or range values are outside the limits, the process will stop, and an ‘out of control’ light will be turned on. The process will use start and stop buttons, and when running it will set memory bit ’in_control’.
5. Develop a ladder logic program to control a light display outside a theater. The display consists of a row of 8 lights. When a patron walks past an optical sensor the lights will turn on in sequence, moving in the same direction. Initially all lights are off. Once triggered the lights turn on sequentially until all eight lights are on 1.6 seconds latter. After a delay of another 0.4 seconds the lights start to turn off until all are off, again moving in the same direction as the patron. The effect is a moving light pattern that follows the patron as they walk into the theater.
6. Write the ladder logic diagram that would be required to execute the following data manipulation for a preventative maintenance program.
i) Keep track of the number of times a motor was started with toggle switch #1.
ii) After 2000 motor starts turn on an indicator light on the operator panel.
iii) Provide the capability to change the number of motor starts being tracked, prior to triggering of the indicator light. HINT: This capability will only require the change of a value in a compare statement rather than the addition of new lines of logic.
iv) Keep track of the number of minutes that the motor has run.
v) After 9000 minutes of operation turn the motor off automatically and also turn on an indicator light on the operator panel.
7. Parts arrive at an oven on a conveyor belt and pass a barcode scanner. When the barcode scanner reads a valid barcode it outputs the numeric code as 32 bits to ’scanner_value’ and sets input ’scanner_value_valid’. The PLC must store this code until the parts pass through the oven. When the parts leave the oven they are detected by a proximity sensor connected to ’part_leaving’. The barcode value read before must be output to ’barcode_output’. Write the ladder logic for the process. There can be up to ten parts inside the oven at any time.
8. Write the ladder logic for the state diagram below using subroutines for the states.
9. Convert the following state diagram to ladder logic using subroutines.
10. Implement the following state diagram using JMP statements.
11. Write a traffic light program using a sequencer. Keep the program simple with a 4 second green and yellow in both directions. But, the traffic lights should only function when the system clock (WALLCLOCKTIME) is between 7am and 8pm. Other times the lights should be left green in one direction and red in the other. | http://engineeronadisk.com/V2/book_PLC/engineeronadisk-155.html |
When Eric showed us the simple picture of a business event based system, it gave the impression that the repository of business events contains a single record type where all the attributes to describe the event were recorded along with any amounts. SAFR views are typically created against a single logical record, a single record structure. All views reading that LR and file process see the same kinds of records.
Of course, the repository also contains reference data. But for the most part these files are relatively small, with keys and answers measured in the tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of rows. Because the summary structures in the same format as the transaction records, The Cookie Manufacturer’s repository was no more complex than this.
As we approached new problems, we found some did not fit into the simple view of a single record structure. For example, we used SAFR against the stacked data element file that had multiple record structures in it. The views Jim and Mark created had to first test a common field in each record to select only records that were appropriate for that view. Some records could be interpreted by one LR, other records by another. This use of SAFR is a typical ETL process to get around the complexities of the data to be extracted.
At the insurance company we found a problem with the size of the reference files. Normalization of data elements is more efficient for storage since attributes of a customer account only exist in one place on the customer account record. An account number from the event record can be used to access it. Modern businesses have millions of accounts. The size of these types of “reference” files starts to approach the same size as the event files.
Data Modeling
I remember Greg Forsythe, the most practical data modeler I have ever met in my life (a truly rare breed), working with Doug at the Insurance Company to devise an approach whereby SAFR could process these files effectively. Greg modeled the attributes needed for the reports in 3rd normal form. In other words, he placed the policy attributes on the policy table and only represented one row for each policy. Because policies are renewed over multiple terms, he made a different table for the term attributes with a term key to describe it.
He continued to add tables with additional attributes until he got down to the policy and loss transactions, those that Mark Kimmell had discovered from the Stacked Data Elements. All these other attributes were also in the Stacked Data Elements as separate records. It is likely the source system stored them in a similar manner. On the transactions—the true business events containing monetary amounts—he placed the keys for all the higher level entities: the policy, term, etc.
Having modeled the data in this way, the tables he designed could have been loaded into any relational database. SQL could have been used to join the tables together to produce the outputs as long as the amount of data in them was sufficiently small. The computer would have used indexed access methods explained in Select, Sort, Summarize to locate the appropriate records and combine them into the outputs desired.
However, with the issues of scale, a better processing pattern needed to be adopted to more realistically reflect what the machine had to do to combine the data together, and get more out of each stage in that process.
The team chose to use sequential files to exploit the Scan Engine’s power and to eliminate the CPU time involved in decoding relational data structures. They chose to maintain the files as zO/S Generation Data Groups, a simple mechanism to manage access to different versions of the sequential files. The files would be maintained in sorted order by their keys.
The five files above—Policy, Term, Policy Event, Loss, and Loss Event—are maintained in the order shown in separate files. The Policy, Term, and Loss files are reference or static data files. The Policy Event and Loss Event files are event files. Doug added a new feature to the Scan Engine: the Common Key Data Buffer feature.1
Common Key Data Buffer Event Files
This feature is a little like a prefetch function in some databases, whereby data that is expected to be used in the process is brought into memory before it is needed. The common key buffer technique brings all the records for a particularly key, in our example one policy, into memory. It does this through a merge process, whereby multiple partitioned files are brought together. The data buffer from our example for the first policy would appear as follows:
Each of these records, as long as they have unique keys, can be used either as an event file or a reference file. The data for this policy is held in memory until all the records in it are read as event file records. When they have been processed as event files, all the data for the next policy is brought into memory.
SAFR’s common key buffering feature appends three fields on the front to indicate from which file the records had come. The first field defines what LR describes the record. The next two fields describe from which partitions of that entity it had come and are discussed in the next chapter.
The Entity ID field is used so that the views can filter which business events they are reporting on. Because each of the records is passed to the views, reference data views can be resolved at the same time event file views can be resolved. Thus a view which counts policies of a particular type can select records with the Policy entity ID. Views which are summarizing premium payments can summarize Policy Events. This is similar to having views read an event file with multiple record types within it.
Common Key Data Buffering Lookups
Lookups to other records are accomplished by building a join with the linkage between these records. For example, if my view is summarizing premium payments from the Policy Event record by Term Length, I would define my view to select records where the Entity ID is Policy Event. The first record chosen will be the following.
|Entity ID||Partition||Category||Policy ID||Term ID||Policy Event ID||Policy Event Type||Amount|
|Policy Event||00||A||1||1||1||Prem. Payment||100.00|
I’d define a join which uses the Policy ID and Term ID to find the Term record. The join will return the following record.
|Entity ID||Partition||Category||Policy ID||Term ID||Term Length||Start Date|
|Term||00||A||1||1||6 months||11 Months ago|
Note that this record has already been processed as an event file record (it is the second record in Figure 86, but because of the Common Key Data Buffering it is still in memory and available for lookup. The view can now use any of these fields for any purpose, selection, sort, placing in columns, or used to join to other data. Thus I can produce a view of premium payments by term length if desired. This join technique also supports date effective joins as well2. | https://ledgerlearning.com/books/balancing-act-financial-systems-textbook/on-line-balancing-act-text-book/part-4-the-projects/chapter-35-model-the-repository/ |
Each section is described further in this writing guide. What will this lead to. For example, in a social studies class, students may compare and contrast the characteristics of one culture with another. In that case, you can choose another from the list.
Charrette Imagine a brainstorming session in which 35 people from six different departments are all struggling to come up with viable ideas. Advertisement I wrote this post as a reader asked me the best brainstorming methods to achieve the best results.
Provide specific details about what something looks or feels like. Given these factors, every paragraph in a paper should be: To start, grab your sheet of paper and write down your focus topic in the center.
Writing to Learn Whether considering writing in the classroom for a writing course, a First Year Seminar, or a content-area course, it is important to understand how course content can actually be understood and secured through writing to learn.
An effective instructor should never include a topic that is so obscure or complex that no research is available to examine and from which to begin to design a study. For example, teachers can instruct students to create a web after reading the first chapter of a story and then save that web.
Why must be it a book. You can apply the evaluation process to analyze the results of this exercise. If your deadline is just around the corner and you have tons of coursework piling up, contact us and we will ease your academic burden. What if you suddenly have superpowers.
In other words, your paragraphs should remind your reader that there is a recurrent relationship between your controlling idea and the information in each paragraph.
A Guide for Students of English.
Follow this link to contact a librarian. Assuming you've done an effective job of synthesizing and thinking about the results of your initial search for related literature, you're ready to prepare a detailed outline for your paper that lays the foundation for a more in-depth and focused review of relevant research literature [after consulting with a librarian, if needed.
Ask the individuals in your group to write down as many ideas as they can in a given period of time. Depending on the context and complexity of the comparison webs, students may reveal:.
The goal of a research paper is to bring together different views, evidence, and facts about a topic from books, articles, and interviews, then interpret the information into your own writing.
It's about a relationship between you, other writers, and your teacher/audience. There are many techniques for brainstorming but, whichever one you choose, this stage of paragraph development cannot be skipped because it lays a foundation for developing a set of paragraphs [representing a section of your paper] that describes a specific element of your overall analysis.
Listing or "Free Writing" is a brainstorming technique used to help generate and record ideas. It is a technique in which you jot down a list of words, phrases and ideas under a particular topic. Listing offers another way of producing concepts and sources for further thought, exploration, and speculation.
Brainstorming is a method students can use to generate ideas for writing a cwiextraction.com the process of brainstorming, you should suspend any concerns about staying organized. How to Use Different Types of Brainstorming Webs in the Classroom The following types of brainstorming webs are commonly used for teaching literary analysis, reading comprehension and writing across the curriculum.
4 Brainstorming Techniques That Will Help You Write Creative Content. Brainstorming techniques can take a few basic approaches. | https://roporybesixa.cwiextraction.com/what-of-the-different-types-of-brainstorming-when-it-relates-to-writing-a-paper-42438mn.html |
Like it or not, a huge factor in leadership success rests on communication skills. Professional relationships are impacted – positively or negatively – by the ability to communicate. Customers are won or lost. Employees are encouraged or de-motivated. Business networks are expanded or extinguished. Learn six unique, power strategies for communicating when relationships and results are riding on your abilities. In We Need to Talk, discover how you can:
- Establish empathy and trust when communicating
- Rebuild the believability quotient
- Rein in brutal honestly
- Build rapport by actively listening
- Earn respect while delivering difficult messages and guarantee your message was interpreted correctly
“Within days of reading We Need to Talk, I applied two of the principles Phil described and was beyond thrilled at the outcome. Every manager, no matter how experienced can benefit from this book.”
P. Pinnegar, Client Support Manager II, ADP, Inc.
Also available at these online retailers: | https://www.vanhooser.com/product/communication-skills-books/ |
Astronomers are using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope to study auroras — stunning light shows in a planet's atmosphere — on the poles of the largest planet in the solar system, Jupiter. The auroras were photographed during a series of Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph far-ultraviolet-light observations taking place as NASA's Juno spacecraft approaches and enters into orbit around Jupiter. The aim of the program is to determine how Jupiter's auroras respond to changing conditions in the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emitted from the sun. Auroras are formed when charged particles in the space surrounding the planet are accelerated to high energies along the planet's magnetic field. When the particles hit the atmosphere near the magnetic poles, they cause it to glow like gases in a fluorescent light fixture. Jupiter's magnetosphere is 20,000 times stronger than Earth's. These observations will reveal how the solar system's largest and most powerful magnetosphere behaves.
Astronomers are using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope to study auroras — stunning light shows in a planet's atmosphere — on the poles of the largest planet in the solar system, Jupiter. This observation program is supported by measurements made by NASA's Juno spacecraft, currently on its way to Jupiter.
Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, is best known for its colorful storms, the most famous being the Great Red Spot. Now astronomers have focused on another beautiful feature of the planet, using the ultraviolet capabilities of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope.
The extraordinary vivid glows shown in the new observations are known as auroras. They are created when high-energy particles enter a planet's atmosphere near its magnetic poles and collide with atoms of gas. As well as producing beautiful images, this program aims to determine how various components of Jupiter's auroras respond to different conditions in the solar wind, a stream of charged particles ejected from the sun.
This observation program is perfectly timed as NASA's Juno spacecraft is currently in the solar wind near Jupiter and will enter the orbit of the planet in early July 2016. While Hubble is observing and measuring the auroras on Jupiter, Juno is measuring the properties of the solar wind itself — a perfect collaboration between a telescope and a space probe.
"These auroras are very dramatic and among the most active I have ever seen," said Jonathan Nichols from the University of Leicester, UK, and principal investigator of the study. "It almost seems as if Jupiter is throwing a fireworks party for the imminent arrival of Juno."
To highlight changes in the auroras, Hubble is observing Jupiter almost daily for several months. Using this series of far-ultraviolet images from Hubble's Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, it is possible for scientists to create videos that demonstrate the movement of the vivid auroras, which cover areas bigger than the Earth.
The new observations and measurements made with Hubble and Juno will help to better understand how the sun and other sources influence auroras. While the observations with Hubble are still ongoing and the analysis of the data will take several more months, the first images and videos are already available and show the auroras on Jupiter's north pole in their full beauty. In support of the Juno mission, Hubble will continue to monitor Jupiter auroras several times a month for the duration of the Juno mission.
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, manages the Juno mission for the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas. Juno is part of NASA's New Frontiers Program, which is managed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington, D.C. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the spacecraft. The California Institute of Technology in Pasadena manages JPL for NASA.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope. The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland, conducts Hubble science operations. STScI is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) in Washington, D.C. | http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2016-24/89-planetary-atmospheres-weather |
In a blood gas analysis (short: BGA) the concentrations of certain gases in the blood are measured. These gases, which include oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), have a certain partial pressure (pO2 and pCO2) in the blood, which should normally be stable and thus maintain the vitality of the organism. In addition, other parameters are determined, such as the current oxygen saturation in the blood, the acid-base balance using bicarbonate (current or standard bicarbonate (aHCO3 or SBC or StHCO3)) and base deviation (BE= base excess) as well as the pH value of the blood.
The bicarbonate value and the base excess are not measured directly, but calculated and always refer to standardized values in the blood (temperature: 37°, pCO2: 40mmHg, fully saturated blood). Furthermore, the haemoglobin value, lactate values or blood sugar values can be determined during a blood gas analysis. In special cases, e.g. if smoke poisoning or similar is suspected.
the BGA can also be used to determine the concentration of carbon monoxide or nitrogen. You will find general information under: Blood analysisBlood gas analysis is part of standard clinical diagnostics in intensive care units and is performed daily (or several times a day). Particularly in the case of severe respiratory diseases, it can quickly provide information about an increasing deterioration and the necessary measures can be taken quickly. Blood gas analysis is also carried out regularly when monitoring anaesthesia.
Physiological backgrounds
There should always be a constant concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood and thus a stable pH value of 7.36 – 7.44. For this purpose, the body has several buffer systems through which excess hydrogen ions can be excreted or, in the event of a deficiency, hydrogen ions can also be retained. The most important buffer system is the bicarbonate balance, which can absorb hydrogen ions and then decompose via carbonic acid to water and carbon dioxide (which is exhaled).
In case of a lack of hydrogen ions, however, the carbon dioxide constantly produced in the body during cell respiration can also be coupled to water with the help of enzymes or spontaneously and then react via the back reaction to bicarbonate and a hydrogen ion. Other important buffer systems are the haemoglobin buffer, the phosphate buffer and the protein buffer. The regulation of the pH value in the blood therefore involves the buffer system itself, but also the exhalation of carbon dioxide via the lungs and the excretion of hydrogen ions via the kidneys.
In this regulatory circuit there are therefore many starting points that can cause the system to shake if it loses its normal function. For example, there are metabolic (metabolic) disorders in which an imbalance of hydrogen ions exists due to a malfunction in the buffer systems. On the other hand, there are respiration-related (respiratory) disorders, in which there is an increased or reduced exhalation of carbon dioxide. Of course there can also be a fault in both systems, here we speak of a mixed disorder.
All articles in this series: | https://sanomedica.com/blood-gas-analysis/ |
.
ISO is an independent, non-governmental international organization with a membership of
164
national standards bodies
.
Through its members, it brings together experts to share knowledge and develop voluntary, consensus-based, market relevant International Standards that support innovation and provide solutions to global challenges.
https://www.iso.org/home.html
TQM: Total quality management
TQM consists of organization-wide efforts to “install and make permanent climate where employees continuously improve their ability to provide on demand products and services that customers will find of particular value”. “Total” emphasizes that departments in addition to production (for example sales and marketing, accounting and finance, engineering and design) are obligated to improve their operations; “management” emphasizes that executives are obligated to actively manage quality through funding, training, staffing, and goal setting. While there is no widely agreed-upon approach, TQM efforts typically draw heavily on the previously developed tools and techniques of
quality control
. TQM enjoyed widespread attention during the late 1980s and early 1990s before being overshadowed by
ISO 9000
,
Lean manufacturing
, and
Six Sigma
.
Six Sigma (6σ)
Six Sigma
(
6σ
) is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement. It was introduced by American engineer
Bill Smith
while working at
Motorola
in 1986.
Jack Welch
made it central to his business strategy at
General Electric
in 1995. A six sigma process is one in which 99.99966% of all opportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to be free of defects. Six Sigma strategies seek to improve the quality of the output of a process by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing impact
variability
in
manufacturing
and
business processes
. It uses a set of
quality management
methods, mainly
empirical
,
statistical methods
, and creates a special infrastructure of people within the organization who are experts in these methods. Each Six Sigma project carried out within an organization follows a defined sequence of steps and has specific value targets, for example: reduce process cycle time, reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and increase profits. Six Sigma mostly finds application in large organization
ISTQB® (International Software Testing Qualifications Board)
ISTQB® (International Software Testing Qualifications Board) has defined the “ISTQB® Certified Tester” scheme that has become the world-wide leader in the certification of competences in software testing. ISTQB® is an organization based on volunteer work by hundreds of international testing experts. As of October 2019, ISTQB® has administered over
920,000 exams
and issued more than
673,000 certifications
in over 120 countries
world-wide
.
The scheme relies on a Body of Knowledge (Syllabi and
Glossary
) and
exam rules
that are applied consistently all over the world, with exams and supporting material being available in many languages.
ISTQB® (International Software Testing Qualifications Board) was founded in November 2002 and is a not-for-profit association legally registered in Belgium.
https://www.istqb.org/
India
BIS:
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS Is The National Standard Body Of India Established Under The BIS Act 2016
For The Harmonious Development Of The Activities Of Standardization The erstwhile Indian Standards Institution (ISI) was established in year 1947 (now Bureau of Indian Standards) with the objective of harmonious development of standardization activity in India. Under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016, Bureau establishes Indian Standards in relation to any article or process and amends, revises or cancels the standards so established as may be necessary, by a process of consultation involving consumers, manufacturers, Government and regulatory bodies, technologists, scientists and testing laboratories through duly constituted committees.
https://bis.gov.in/
Asia and Africa
ACBS: ADCO Corporate Business Standards
ACBS corporate business accreditation, which have been developed and adopted by the ADCO Accreditation Council. Members of the council include leading business Institutions that share ADCO’s values and are committed to advancing management education by participating in the ADCO global community of institutions.
The fundamental purpose of ADCO accreditation is to encourage business Institutions to hold themselves accountable for improving business practice through scholarly education and impactful intellectual contributions. ADCO achieves this purpose by defining a set of criteria and standards, coordinating peer review and consultation, and recognizing high-quality business Institutions that meet the standards and participate in the process.
https://asiafricaonline.com/about-accrediation/
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Top 10 books about the cold war in the film version of the spy who came in from the cold (1965) the world survived the cold war and can afford to let it become history and fictive. Historical analysis of the cold war roberto naranjo as the passage of time slowly diminishes important events, it is history that must gather all the facts and emotions and expose it to future generations. Filter by custom post type home » modern world history » the cold war the cold war. The cold war was to dominate international affairs for decades and many major crises occurred – the cuban missile crisis, vietnam, hungary and the berlin wall being just some for many, the growth in weapons of mass destruction was the most worrying issue.
When the berlin wall fell on november 9, 1989, its destruction was nearly as instantaneous as its creation for 28 years, the berlin wall had been a symbol of the cold war and the iron curtain between soviet-led communism and the democracies of the west when it fell, it was celebrated around the world. History vault: the cold war during world war ii, the united states and the soviet union fought together as allies against the axis powers, but the relationship was tense. Books shelved as cold-war-history: the cold war: a new history by john lewis gaddis, the global cold war: third world interventions and the making of our. West virginia’s greenbrier resort is famous as a haunt of kings, prime ministers, and presidents but for 30 years during the cold war, it was also home to a gigantic fallout shelter the size of a walmart, designed to house all of congress during nuclear war construction of the fallout shelter started in 1958.
The cold war had lasted for forty-six years, and is regarded by many historians, politicians, and scholars as the third major war of the twentieth century notes: lyndon bjohnson, annual message to the congress on the state of the union, january 12, 1966, lyndon baines johnson library and museum. And his colleagues at the cold war international history project, whose energy and thoroughness in collecting documents from all over the world (on the day i write this the latest stash from the albanian archives has arrived) have placed all cold war historians in their debt. The cold war had its roots in world war ii, when the repeated delays in opening a second front in europe made the russians suspicious of the western allies' motives. Studying the history of the cold war and collecting documents from the archives from both sides of the “iron curtain” was the original focus of the archive’s russia programs. Deep within the former soviet union lays a classified subterranean world of cold war secrets join host don wildman as he ventures behind the iron curtain to reveal how the soviets really prepared for a nuclear war.
This volume examines the origins, causes and early years of the cold war leading scholars show how the conflict evolved from the geopolitical, ideological, economic, and socio-political environment of the two world wars and the interwar period as well as examining how markets, ideas, and cultural interactions affected political discourse, diplomatic events, and strategic thinking. Timeline a brief history of the cold war the cold war brought the planet to the brink of nuclear doom at center stage was berlin, the divided german city that was the home of the 1948 airlift. Home » learn the history » the cold war the cold war: during the ambiguity of the cold war, the uss iowa practiced various training exercises and drills before heading to sea to monitor the united states’ southern coastline in case of an attack.
Moreover, it is important to note how education served as a propaganda tool by focusing on american ideologies of freedom and democracy, and by presenting the soviet union as the enemy who held opposing viewpoints such as communism. The cold war was called cold because of the lack of actual fighting, but this is inaccurate there was plenty of fighting, from korea to viet nam to afghanistan, but we'll get into that stuff next. On monday, i posted my nominees for ten cold war histories worth readingbut many people don’t have the time or patience to plow through comprehensive histories so for twe readers looking to. The history of the cold war podcast will cover the cold war from the period of roughly 1945 to 1991 and the fall of the soviet union in bi-monthly instalments on the first and fifteenth link to start listening at episode 1.
The cold war began after world war two the main enemies were the united states and the soviet union the cold war got its name because both sides were afraid of fighting each other directly. The cold war was a state of geopolitical tension after world war ii between powers in the eastern bloc (the soviet union and its satellite states) and powers in the western bloc (the united states, its nato allies and others) historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period between 1947, the year the truman doctrine, a us foreign policy pledging to aid. 1 introduction approach and rationale t he origins of the cold war is one of over sixty teaching units published by the national center for history in the schools that are the fruits of collaborations be-tween history professors and experienced teachers of both united states and world.
2018. | http://icpaperiqpi.alisher.info/the-history-of-the-cold-war.html |
TEHRAN – A joint virtual exhibition of calligraphy by Iranian calligrapher Bahman Panahi and the Chinese calligrapher of Islamic scripts, Hajji Noor Deen Mi Guang Jiang, has opened at the Iranian National Commission for UNESCO.
The two calligraphers have teamed up to display their latest works available on the web site gallery.irunesco.org.
Speaking at the opening ceremony inaugurated last week, Iranian National Commission for UNESCO director Hojjatollah Ayyubi called Iran the cradle of calligraphy.
Ayyubi further noted that the idea that the Silk Road not only is a commercial route, but also a road to exchange thoughts, was discussed earlier during a cultural exhibition in Hamedan in September 2019 at the 6th meeting of the Coordinating Committee on the Serial Transnational World Heritage Nomination of the Silk Road.
“We decided to hold a grand exhibition with calligraphers from 23 countries in Mashhad, however, the spread of coronavirus forced the exhibit to be held online,” he explained.
Ayyubi talked about works by Panahi and said his works have traveled to all parts of the world, the East and the West, and said, “Panahi is actually a powerful ambassador of Persian culture and civilization. He has trained many students in France and has taught those who did not know the Persian language but their interest in calligraphy gradually made them familiar with the Persian letters and language.”
Panahi also on his part expressed thanks to all those who helped to hold the exhibit virtually under these difficult circumstances.
Panahi added, “China has a long history in calligraphy. Chinese painting and calligraphy have been combined with one another, and usually those who learn painting also learn calligraphy as well. Chinese calligraphers have long been the elite of their country. That is, a Chinese calligrapher is also a painter and the Chinese have preserved their national assets well.”
The exhibit offering a variety of works features 20 by Panahi and 20 by Hajji Noor Deen,.
Panahi has studied art at the College of Fine Arts at the University of Tehran, ESAD - École Supérieure d'Art et de Design de Valenciennes, France, and Paris-Sorbonne University. He wrote his doctoral thesis on connections between music and calligraphy.
He has held courses and exhibitions at world-renowned academic centers, including Harvard University and Northeastern University.
Born in 1964, Hajji Noor Deen Mi Guang Jiang, who is an expert in Chinese style Islamic calligraphy and a native of China’s Shandong Province, teaches at an Islamic college in Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan Province in China.
In 1997, he was the first Chinese Muslim to be awarded the Egyptian Certificate of Arabic Calligraphy and to be admitted as a member of the Association of Egyptian Calligraphy.
During the 3rd Global Islamic Economy Summit in Dubai in 2016, he received the Dubai Islamic Economy Award “in recognition of his valuable contribution toward the development of the global Islamic economy.”
His work has been displayed around the world and has been acquired for the permanent collections of many museums including the British Museum, San Francisco Asian Museum, National Museum of Scotland and Harvard University Art Museum.
The ancient Silk Road has existed for thousands of years, passing through many different empires, kingdoms, dynasties and societies throughout history. At certain times in its long history, traders could travel freely along these routes, whereas at others, travel was difficult or dangerous.
According to UNESCO, the Silk Road enriched the countries it passed through, transporting cultures, religions, languages and, of course, material goods into societies across Europe, Asia and Africa, and uniting them all with a common thread of cultural heritage and plural identities. | |
We are now halfway there, and we are finding small errors that prevented the company’s operations from working perfectly. We discovered content in the processes that no longer applies, such as the names of past employees or teams, and even some processes were duplicated. There was also formatting that had to be improved to make the tasks more user-friendly.
The only way to prevent errors from accumulating over time is to plan recurrent reviews that evaluate all the programmed processes in a company. Like a garden, processes need to be carefully weeded, watered and maintained. A beautiful garden doesn’t just happen; it takes careful work and attention. That is why a detailed review that is done once or even a few times a year is vital.
For the review procedure to be effective, it must be thorough. Therefore, to start, all processes should be downloaded and reviewed. We use Wrike, a project management software solution, to manage our processes. In Wrike, you can easily export all the processes and individual tasks into Excel. Once you have compiled all the information, you can organize it by team, function, frequency, and assignee.
Ideally, when you first programmed your processes, you created a master file that includes all the major processes and associated tasks. If you don’t have one for the first review, construct one, and polish it as you review. If you do have a database of all your processes, compare the information you downloaded against the master file. See if anything has changed, and if it has changed, why?
Interview the end users. Each team should set aside some time to devote exclusively to the review. At our firm, Celaque, the review procedure will occur twice a year. Each team will go over each task and process to ensure they are still applicable. They will also review whether anything can be improved or whose design can be better.
Go over everything with each of the users, as it is an important investment of time for each person. Processes are the engine that runs the company, and if something is missing or inefficiently designed, it can result in bigger losses of time compared to the work to put the processes together. It also helps as a training opportunity for newer team members and for leaders to see the big picture of the work they do daily.
Once the interviews are over, analyze the final product, and make sure the workloads are manageable. Also, ensure all the days of the week are balanced. Sometimes there might be more work than other times, such as month-ends, but if this is appropriate to the role, then it works well.
Finally, make the necessary adjustments, and update both the processes and the master file. Make sure to ensure all old/irrelevant information is removed and everything is classified correctly. At our firm, we have folders for each of the tasks by department, user, and function. In our case, nothing should be outside of those folders.
It’s helpful if each team provides feedback on the final configuration. The user is, after all, the owner and should be 100% satisfied with the final product. Many times, the user will find errors that were not obvious when the processes were initially being programmed. Other times, the design is not effective and requires alteration. In any case, the feedback will help make the final product even better.
Performing this maintenance work is essential. It will prevent major errors from accumulating and will help catch any urgent changes in time. The company will operate more smoothly, and your bottom line will thank you. | https://www.pamelaayuso.com/blog/business-processes-and-how-to-maintain-them |
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
The theory states that matter is made up of tiny particles called molecules which are in constant motion.
Fundamental Assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular Theory
(i) Matter exists either in solid, liquid or gaseous state.
(ii) All substances consist of molecules, the smallest particle which can exist independently.
(iii) In solids the molecules vibrate about a mean or fixed position. The forces between the molecules are strong and may be attractive or repulsive. All true solids have a crystalline structure in which the atoms are arranged in regular patterns called lattices.
(iv) In liquids the molecules move freely in all directions. In addition to vibrational energy, they have translational energy. The Kinetic energy of the liquid molecules is greater than in solids.
(v) In gases the molecules are in constant motion and are further apart than in solids and liquids. They move at high speeds and have translational, vibrational and in addition rotational energy if the molecules are made of two or more atoms. The attractive or cohesive force is negligible, so, gases are perfectly free to expend and completely fill the vessels containing them. Gas molecules have the greatest Kinetic energy. Because the intermolecular forces are small, the motion of molecules in the gaseous state is linear until collision takes place either with other molecules or with the walls of the container.
Basic Assumptions of the Kinetic Theory of Gases
The Kinetic theory of matter has been more completely developed for gases than for solids and liquids. This is because the problems involved are much simpler in the case of gases. The simplest substance to which the theory has been applied is the ideal gas. The fundamental assumptions of the theory are as follows:
(i) Gases consist of many very small particles called molecules, which are like perfectly elastic spheres and are usually in constant random motion.
(ii) Molecules exert no forces on one another except when they collide. Therefore, between collisions with other molecules or with the walls of the container, they move in straight lines.
(iii) Collisions of molecules with one another or with the walls of the container are perfectly elastic. This means that the total Kinetic energy of two molecules before collision is the same as that after collision, and that when a molecule collides with the wall its Kinetic energy is unchanged.
(iv) The duration of a collision is negligible compared with the time between collisions
(v) Molecules are separated by distances which are very large compared with the size of the molecules (or the volume of the molecules is negligible when compared with the volume of the container); they are, however, distributed uniformly throughout the container.
(vi) Any finite volume of the gas contains a very large number of molecules. This assumption is supported by experimental evidence because under standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p), there are about 3 x 1019 molecules per cm3 of any gas.
Characteristics of the Three States of Matter
Crystalline and Amorphous Substances
Solids are usually classified into two groups:
(i) Crystals or crystalline solids;
(ii) Noncrystal or non-crystalline solids;
The difference between crystals and non-crystals is the arrangement of atoms or molecules in the solid.
Crystals
Definition of Crystals
A crystal is a piece of solid matter in which the atoms, molecules or ions are arranged in a highly regular repeating pattern called lattice.
Crystal Lattice
The particles in a crystal are arranged in regular 3-dimensional framework or pattern called crystal lattice which repeats over and over again in all directions. The high degree of regularity and order in the arrangement of the molecules is the principal feature distinguishing solids from liquids. Particles in a liquid are jumbled and highly disorganized as they move about. They are even more disorganized in a gas. Examples of common crystals are: sodium chloride, zinc sulphide, chromium, iron and platinum salts.
Structure of Simple Crystals
A simple crystal is made up of a huge number of simple basic units or building blocks called unit cells. If you stack these units up and, down, side by side and in all directions, you can build the whole lattice. Unit cells are of three types, giving rise to 3 types of lattice and hence 3 types of crystals, simple cubic lattice, face-centered cubic lattice, and body-centered cubic lattice.
Sodium Chloride structure
a) Simple Cubic Crystal
Here the atoms or molecules or ions are placed at the corners of imaginary cubes stacked side by side, up and down like building blocks. An example is the Sodium chloride (NaCl) crystal. In the lattice, the atoms of Na and CI alternate positions in the cube in each of the 3 directions. Each atom within solid, thus has six immediate neighbors.
(b) Face-Centered Cubic Crystal
The unit cell has identical particles at each of the corners plus another particle in the center of each face as shown in the figure above. A typical face-centered cubic.
Crystal is Zinc sulphide (ZnS). Other crystals in this group include crystals of common metals like copper, silver, aluminum, lead, etc. Body-centered cubic crystal
Zinc Sulphide
(c) Body-centered Cubic Crystal
The unit cell has identical particles at each corner of the cube plus one in the center of the cell as illustrated in the figure include; chromium, iron and platinum salts.
Non-Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
The atoms of non-crystals are not regularly arranged as in the case of crystals. They are said to be “amorphous” that is having no definite shape or form; not organized. In a number of ways amorphous substances resemble liquids more than solids. Examples of amorphous solids are glass and plastics. Amorphous solids never form crystals.
They are usually made up of long, chain-like molecules that are intertwined in the liquid state just like strands of earthworms.
Note: Crystalline substances have high melting points because much heat is required to break the strong intermolecular forces binding the molecules together.
Differences between Amorphous and Crystalline Substances
EVALUATION
- Define molecule.
- State the kinetic molecular theory of matter.
- What are crystals?
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Download our free Android Mobile application: Save your data when you use our free app. Click picture to download. No subscription.We are interested in promoting FREE learning. Tell your friends about Stoplearn.com. Click the share button below! | https://stoplearn.com/kinetic-molecular-theory-of-matter/ |
Crystals are solids that form by a regular repeated pattern of molecules connecting together. In crystals, a collection of atoms, called the Unit Cell, is repeated in exactly the same arrangement over and over throughout the entire material.
Crystals have:
- An orderly and symmetrical atomic structure and a definite chemical composition.
- A definite external geometrical shape bounded by plane faces.
- Physical (and optical) properties which vary with direction (except for the isometric minerals).
Only if a mineral is allowed to grow without interference from other minerals will it form crystals. Minerals "grow," or crystallize, from many types of solutions. They may precipitate from evaporating sea water or crystallize from magmas when lava cools. While growing, minerals may develop a distinct crystal form with smooth, flat planes called crystal faces. The geometric pattern of the crystal faces reflects the internal atomic arrangement of the crystal structure. This is one of the most important things about a mineral. | http://www.mineralogy4kids.org/?q=all-about-crystals |
The effect of the simultaneous action of a uniform magnetic field and a uniform angular velocity on the linear stability of the Benard layer to time-dependent convective motions is examined in the Boussinesq approximation. Four models, characterized by the relative directions of the magnetic field, angular velocity and gravitational force, are discussed under a variety of boundary conditions. Apart from a few cases, the treatment applies when the Taylor number T and the Chandrasekhar number Q (the square of the Hartmann number) are large. (These parameters are dimensionaless measures of angular velocity and magnetic field, respectively). It is shown that the motions at the onset of instability can be of three types. | https://squ.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/overstable-hydromagnetic-convection-in-a-rotating-fluid-layer |
Krishnamurti is considered to be among the first to apply the rigour of modern comparative linguistic theory to further the study of Dravidian languages. His thesis Telugu Verbal Bases (1961) is the first comprehensive account of comparative Dravidian phonology and derivational morphology of verbal bases in Dravidian from the standpoint of Telugu. His comprehensive grammar on koa or K?bi is a monumental work in the area of non-literary Dravidian languages. His research was devoted to the central problems of phonology and morphology/syntax of Dravidian, and he made significant contributions in advancing the then nascent field of comparative and historical Dravidian studies in the second half of the twentieth century. His Comparative Dravidian Linguistics: Current Perspectives is a collection of twenty-one important articles published during the period 1955-1998, which attempts to provide solutions to many outstanding problems of Dravidian linguistics. His recent work The Dravidian Languages published by Cambridge University Press (2003) is a culmination of the scholarly research carried out by him in the last fifty years. It replaces Caldwell's one-hundred-fifty-year-old A comparative Grammar of Dravidian or South Indian Family of Languages as a comprehensive and authoritative source of reference on the Dravidian languages.
After a brief service (1960-61) at the University of California, Berkeley, he returned to India and started the Department of Linguistics at Osmania University which later became the first center of Advanced Studies in Linguistics in India. He was also instrumental in conceptualizing, designing and implementing the compilation of A Telugu Dialect Dictionary of Occupational Vocabularies in Andhra Pradesh, India, and so far over a dozen volumes covering different occupations and dialects have been published. This series is first of its kind in India.
Krishnamurti worked as a lecturer in Telugu at Andhra University (1949-61); Assistant Professor at the University of California, Berkeley (1960-61); Reader in Telugu, S. V. U.(1961-62); Professor of Linguistics (1962-88), Osmania University, Dean, Faculty of Arts (1973-76), Member, Univ Syndicate (1971-75); Director, Southern Regional Centre, Indian Council of Social Science Research (1978-82); Vice-Chancellor, University of Hyderabad (1986-93), Honorary Professor, University of Hyderabad 1993-99; Andhra University 2003-.
Krishnamurti was also associated with the study of South Indian languages in many western institutions, and was a visiting professor of linguistics at several universities. He was the first Asian Fellow at ANU (1974), a Resident Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford (1975-76), and Rama Watumaull Distinguished Indian Scholar at the University of Hawaii (1995).
He was a Visiting Professor at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (1967), Cornell University, Ithaca (1967, 1970), Australian National University (1974), Tokyo University (1982), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (1983), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (1986), University of Hawaii (1995), University of Texas at Arlington (1995). Resident Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford (2000 -2001), Member, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (1999-2000), Visiting Fellow, Research Centre for Linguistic Typology, Institute for Advanced Study, La Trobe University, Melbourne (2001), Visiting Scientist, Max Planck Institute in Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany (2003 September-November); He was also served as President of the Linguistic Society of India in 1970, and also as President of the Dravidian Linguistics Association in 1980.
He was the first of the two Indian scholars to become a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2004), and only second Indian after S. K. Chatterji to receive an honorary membership from the Linguistic Society of America in 1985. He was elected Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, UK, in 2004. He had been an executive member of Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, 1990-2002. He was conferred an honorary doctorate in literature by Sri Venkateswara University in 1998, and by Dravidian University in 2007. He was elected Fellow of Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, in 2004. He received the Gidugu Ramamurti Award at the 15th TANA (Telugu Association of North America), Detroit, July 2005. He was the first recipient of the Telugu Bhaarati Award instituted by C.P.Brown Academy, Hyderabad (2008). He also received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 10th ATA (American Telugu Association), New Jersey, for significant contributions to Telugu and Dravidian linguistics, 3-5 July 2008. He was presented Indian Linguistics, Vol. 70, as Festschrift by the Linguistic Society of India, on the occasion of his 80th birth year in 2009.
He died after a brief illness in 2012.
A Fulbright and Smith-Mundt Fellowship in 1953 paved way for him to pursue masters degree in linguistics at University of Pennsylvania during 1954-55. | https://popflock.com/learn?s=Bhadriraju_Krishnamurti |
Transaction of Schneider Electric acquiring a controlling stake of ETAP has been completed. ETAP and Schneider will be delivering a combined digital offering while ETAP continues to operate as an independent software-agnostic vendor.
Jun 8, 2021
Awards
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Frost & Sullivan elects ETAP “Company of the Year 2021”
GCC Electrical Power System Analysis & Optimization Industry
Excellence in Best Practices
Excellence in Best Practices
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ETAP Annual Global Conference 2021 Successfully Delivered
ETAP hosted its first virtual, content-packed global conference, featuring case study presentations, live discussion panels, solution demonstrations & virtual exhibits
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ETAP and HyperloopTT partner on Sustainable Energy Systems
ETAP will use green technologies for HyperloopTT Systems, including solar panels and energy storage systems and collaborate with HyperloopTT to design & operate hyperloop systems, including prototypes & commercial sites in UAE & USA.
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Celebrating 35 Years of Powering Success
35th Anniversary of ETAP’s Passion for Thinking Power
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ETAP Annual Global Conference 2021
Live – Virtual – Free to Attend
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Schneider Electric invests in Operation Technology, Inc. (“ETAP”) to spearhead smart and green electrification
Schneider Electric, the leader in the digital transformation of energy management and automation, announces it has acquired a controlling stake in Operation Technology Inc. (“ETAP”), the leading software platform for electrical power systems modeling and simulation.
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ETAP QA Program Compliance Based on the Highest Standards
100+ Successful Quality Assurance Audits Since 1991
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Shell companies to use ETAP globally, making it the recommended standard software for power system engineering throughout the company.
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Steve Wozniak Announced as Guest Speaker for<br> ETAP Global Conference 2019
Co-Founder of Apple Computer, an icon in the world of electrical engineering and computer science will speak at ETAP’s premier customer event in Newport Beach, California
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ETAP and Oracle Bring Innovative Distribution Capabilities to Global Electric Utilities
Combination of Market Expertise, Situational Awareness Applications, and Real-Time Operational Platforms Allows Utilities to Plan and Optimize Complex Power Grids
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ETAP Recognized at Consulting-Specifying Engineer Magazine’s 2018 Product of the Year Awards
ETAP power system analysis software and ETAP Real-Time™ SCADA & Power Management System products voted as Gold Award Winners in their respective categories
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ETAP Automation India’s ISO 9001 Quality Assurance Accredited expands to include engineering library development and ETAP Help Desk technical support
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Oman India Fertilizer Company (OMIFCO) improves operational efficiency by 75% through reduction of unplanned downtime using ETAP Power Management and Load Shedding software
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ETAP expands operations in the United Kingdom
ETAP UK office moves to a new location in Milton Keynes
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ETAP Upgrades Certification to ISO 9001:2015 Standard
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Northern Virginia Electric Cooperation expands its use of the ETAP Grid™ solution to analyze its extensive Transmission & Distribution network
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ETAP Continues to Grow
ETAP® is growing its existing operations in Houston, Texas and Grenoble, France by moving into larger offices. A new branch office in Doha, Qatar was recently established to serve the country's needs. | https://etap.com/company/news/corporate-news |
Q:
Conditional expected value $E[X|X+Y+Z=3]$
Suppose $X,Y,Z$ are three independent standard normal variables, what are the conditional expected value and variance of $X$, i.e.,
$E[X|X+Y+Z=3]$? $\text{Var}(X|X+Y+Z=3)$?
A:
Hint: $~\mathsf E\big(X+Y+Z~\big\vert~ X+Y+Z=3\big)~=~3$
Follow with Linearity of Expectation and an argument for symmetry.
| |
At Footscray West Primary School we believe in providing a rich maths program that provides the students with the understandings and skills they need to become numerate and reach their full potential.
Every classroom has:
• A numeracy wall which supports the learning of the students, the content of which is contributed by teachers and students.
• Adequate resources to support the program and which are easily accessible to students
• Class sets of Math dictionaries and calculators.
Our teachers plan collaboratively together to provide targeted, sequential lessons that are differentiated to cater for individual student needs which are supported by rich assessment tasks.
All Numeracy sessions follow a lesson structure of a warm up, an introduction, student learning activity and a reflection.
The warm up is a time to engage and motivate student thinking:
• Tune the students into the mathematics
• Engage and motivate them in mathematics
• Develop a positive attitude towards mathematics
• Develop and refine mathematical skills and thinking e.g. Mental Computation
• Apply and clarify mathematical language
The introduction is a time for explicit instruction to develop targeted understandings and skills:
• Set the scene for the investigation or task that students will be engaged with
• Introduce key terminology/ vocabulary to be applied during lesson
• Introduce and/or revisit relevant mathematical concepts
• Articulate the maths students will be involved in
• Demonstrate effective use of equipment/ concrete materials
• Clarify the focus of the session to students
The Student Learning activity is a time for students to work on independent activities, open-ended problems, targeted teaching groups, support and extension:
• Engage students through relevant and challenging activities
• Discover learning (rather than being told)
• Use a range of open ended questions and investigations
• Use problem solving tips and strategies
• Make mathematical and real life connections
• Hands on learning with materials and equipment
• Develop skills and concepts
The reflection is a time when students share their understandings and experiences, discuss their learning and share their thinking and skills. | http://fwps.vic.edu.au/index.php/teaching-learning/numeracy/ |
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