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This course will explore the culture and history of Costa Rica and Panama, with a specific focus on the natural environment in these two countries. Costa Rica in particular offers a great deal in terms of Ecotourism with fully one-quarter of its land devoted to national parks and wildlife reserves; the same is true in Panama, which has in its small land mass 14 national parks, a dozen forest preserves, and 10 wildlife refuges. While we will spend ample time engaging with rich cultures in these two countries, including indigenous cultures, a great part of the trip will be enjoying the spectacular outdoors, with lots of hiking, snorkeling, biking, boating, exploring, and lingering on beautiful beaches. The trip will also include opportunities to see wildlife in both countries. Costa Rica is a haven for bird watchers, and is known for its sloth and monkey populations; in both Costa Rica and Panama, there are numerous other creatures we will witness during daytime and nighttime hikes.
Tentative Itinerary:
Day 1: Arrive in San Jose.
Day 2: San Jose: National Museum, National Theatre, Central Market
Day 3: Travel to La Fortuna: hot springs
Day 4: La Fortuna: Zip-lining, canyoning, night safari
Day 5: La Fortuna: Hiking and biking at Volcano Arenal
Day 6: Monteverde: Jeep/boat tour, coffee tour, bungee jumping
Day 7: Monteverde to Montezuma: waterfall canopy tour
Day 8: Montezuma: beach time, snorkeling, and kayaking
Day 9: Travel to Uvita: Waterfall adventure
Day 10: Corcovado National Park: boat trip from Uvita, hiking in the nature reserve,
spend a night sleeping in the middle of a jungle. | https://www.georgefox.edu/center-for-study-abroad/juniors-abroad/juniorsabroad2022/costarica.html |
Sarah Copland is Associate Professor of English at MacEwan University in Canada. She has published work on rhetorical and cognitive approaches to narrative theory, narrative theory and short story theory, the politics of form, the new modernist studies, and modernist narratives, prefaces, and poetry in Narrative, Modernism/modernity, The Henry James Review, The European Journal of English Studies, intervalla, and the edited collections Blending and the Study of Narrative (de Gruyter’s Narratologia series, 2012) and Narratology and Ideology: Encounters between Narrative Theory and Postcolonial Criticism (Ohio State UP, 2018). She and Greta Olson co-edited The Politics of Form (Routledge, 2018).
Recent Publications
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Dr Sarah Copland on how Modernist writers such as Henry James and Joseph Conrad used the form of... | https://writersinspire.org/people/sarah-copland |
Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk has copped a public broadside from Australian Olympics boss John Coates, just as the pair were meant to be celebrating Brisbane’s Games triumph.
In an internationally-streamed press conference on Wednesday, just hours are Brisbane was officially awarded the 2032 Olympics, Mr Coates – the Australian Olympic Committee president – ordered the Premier to attend Friday’s opening ceremony in Tokyo.
“You are going to the opening ceremony,” he said.
“There will be an opening and a closing ceremony in 2032 and all of you, everyone there, has got to understand the traditional parts of that, what’s involved in an opening ceremony.”
Ms Palaszczuk’s trip to Tokyo for the Brisbane announcement in the middle of the pandemic has been controversial.
More than 130,000 people signed a petition saying she should not go, as long as international travel remained off limits for most Australians. She went anyway – along with Brisbane Lord Mayor Adrian Schrinner and federal Sports Minister Richard Colbeck – but said she would turn down any invitation to the opening ceremony.
Late on Wednesday night, basking in the glow of Brisbane’s 2032 victory, that all fell apart.
“None of you are staying home and going to be sitting in your room,” Mr Coates told Ms Palaszczuk, amid crossed arms and awkward body language at the press conference.
“You’ve never been to an opening ceremony. You don’t know the protocols and I think it’s a very important lesson for everyone here – opening ceremonies cost in the order of $75 to $100 million.
“My very strong recommendation is the Premier and the Lord Mayor and the Minister be there and understand it.”
Ms Palaszczuk responded only with: “I don’t want to offend anybody, so …”
It’s a line she maintained in an interview with ABC TV’s News Breakfast on Thursday.
“I’ve known John for years. So what’s happened now is that the Lord Mayor and the gederal minister and I are expected to go,” she said.
“I will leave that to John Coates and [International Olympics Committee president] Thomas Bach. But let me make it clear – I am not going to offend anyone now that we’ve just been awarded the Games.”
She said it was clear there was an expectation that the Australian contingent would attend Friday’s opening ceremony, as the hosts of the 2032 Games. And there was public praise for Mr Coates:
“John Coates has been the driving force behind us securing the Olympics. He has been able to get all levels of government to work together for us to have this bid and his engagement with the business community, his networks are absolutely phenomenal,” the Premier said.
“I’m going to give credit where credit is due … It’s great for him that he was with Sydney and now he’s ushered in this opportunity for Brisbane and Queensland. I’m very, very proud Queenslander.”
At Thursday’s media briefing from Tokyo, Australian chef de mission Ian Chesterman said the pair “have a great respect for each other” but admitted he hadn’t seen the exchange.
“They know each other very well … and I know that the Premier is completely capable of making up her own mind about anything she wants to do as well,” he said.
The official opening ceremony for the Tokyo Olympics is on Friday night (Australian time). See more information here. | https://todayheadline.co/you-are-going-premiers-awkward-olympics-orders/ |
Save the date: Trend Diabetes announces conference dates
The role of guidelines in diabetes care is the focus of two national conferences taking place this summer.
Trend Diabetes, a group which represents all diabetes nurses, has announced the return of its in-person conferences, with registrations now open.
The events, Guidelines: Help or Hindrance?, will take place on Friday, June 10, at the Amba Hotel in London and then again on Friday, June 17, at the Birmingham Conference and Events Centre.
Both conferences will include the same content, which includes talks by leading experts on some of the hot topics of debate surrounding diabetes care.
Delegates will have the opportunity to attend a number of workshops and network with some of the key figures in diabetes care.
Following Trend’s last two conferences, which were held online, Co-Chairs June James and Debbie Hicks say they are thrilled to welcome people back to an in-person event and cannot wait to see everyone beyond a computer screen.
The events are free to attend, with spaces expected to fill up fast due to limited capacity at both venues.
The organisers have advised those wishing to attend not to register for both events as the same programme is ran on both days. They have also requested that tickets are not block booked, so just one booking per person.
Register your free place here: | https://diabetestimes.co.uk/save-the-date-trend-diabetes-announces-conference-dates/ |
With an education in chemical engineering and a prior career at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Seth brings clients rare regulatory insight on food, medical device and drug matters.
As Leader of the firm’s FDA group, Seth handles a broad array of matters involving FDA-regulated products and services including food, medical devices, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, tobacco, radiation-emitting electronic products and cosmetics. He assists clients in premarket strategies, advises on postmarket compliance, handles enforcement matters – including those before the U.S. Department of Justice – and drafts and negotiates corporate transactions.
Seth began his career as a chemical engineer for more than a decade at the FDA, conducting regulatory research, performing inspections of regulated industry and serving as a compliance officer, followed by nearly 15 years in private practice. Clients appreciate his multidisciplinary experience when faced with highly technical regulatory issues.
Among other clients, Seth counsels food producers, importers, restaurants, trade groups, farms, and manufacturers of food packaging materials and food additives as well as manufacturers of medical devices and pharmaceuticals. FDA compliance issues such as GMP, FSMA, GRAS, LACF; California State matters including Proposition 65, CLRA, FAL and UCL; premarket submission for medical devices [510(k) and PMA] and drugs (NDA and ANDA) are just a few of the matters he assist clients with for optimal solutions. He also explores emerging markets, such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and industrial hemp and cannabidiol, identifying potential regulatory issues in order to guide clients in developing business and marketing strategies.
Food and Drug Law Institute (FDLI)
On Wednesday, April 3, 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced plans to hold a meeting to discuss its regulatory approach to products that contain cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds, including cannabidiol (CBD).
Health Law & Innovation Virtual Series
Seth Mailhot, who has over 20 years of experience with all aspects of FDA regulation, brings to Husch Blackwell a practice that is broad in scope.
The Joy of Cooking
Seth cooks for his family, which is something of a sport and a challenge, as menus are customized to individual allergies and palates. His pinnacle thus far was cooking through Julia Child’s 1961 classic, “Mastering the Art of French Cooking,” making various recipe substitutions and replacements, such as gluten-free flour.
Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law, Lecturer, 2012-Present
Subscribe to receive Husch Blackwell’s news and insights. | https://www.huschblackwell.com/professionals/seth-mailhot |
That's the beauty of Jane Austen's style. She shows how superficial, wrong-headed, even trivial some of these people can be, but her satire of their snobbery and foibles is always delightfully gentle, never mean-spirited. Although we are a world removed from her 1800 England, in so many ways, Pride and Prejudice still feels fresh. The aristocratic class structure and its social strictures are not ours, but human nature has not changed much, if at all, in the past 200 years. These characters are living today.
Most educated people know the basic story, even if they didn't read the book in high school or college, because it's been done umpteen times on film and PBS. The Bennets have five daughters they want to marry off. There is some urgency about this, since Mr. Bennet's property is "entailed," meaning that by law it can pass only to a male heir. Since there are no boys in the family, when he dies the house will belong to his cousin Mr. Collins. Mrs. Bennet and her daughters are facing the prospect of becoming homeless.
If the daughters do marry, will it be for love or money, both, or neither? Since it is such a popular novel, you can probably guess the outcome for at least some of the daughters. The couple at the heart of the tale are Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy, in a classic hate each other at first sight but eventually admit that they love each other and get married plot. It's a good story with lasting power, and it created a template for innumerable romantic comedies that followed, even to this day.
The novel takes place in a lot of different country houses. Jane Kendall, remarkably, has adapted it to require only a single set. All the action occurs in the Bennet family's drawing room, and it works perfectly fine. The drawing room is so beautifully designed by Glenn Pepe that it constantly threatens to steal the show from the actors. But it doesn't, because the characters are so well drawn and the acting is so good.
Mario Cabrera, a fine actor himself, has cast the sixteen roles very effectively and directs with style and deft pacing. Combined with the concise adaptation, the show never bogs down and never feels old-fashioned even though it is in a sense a period piece. The costumes by Joe Moncada and Sharon Welz convey that period to a T.
For me, the acting honors go to Staci Robbins, doing a spot-on turn as Mrs. Bennet. This character could become tiresome in the wrong hands, but Robbins saves her by giving a masterful comic performance. Even the smaller roles, such as those played by Terri Ross and Patricia Thompson, are well observed and well acted. Annelise Wall is appropriately snooty as Miss Bingley, and Symone Platania is touching as Charlotte. Alexandra Avila, Sarah Kesselring, and Leedy Corbin all do good work as the younger Bennet sisters. The two older sisters are played by actors with more stage experience under their belts, and it shows. Fawn Hansen is the lovely Jane (everybody in the play keeps saying how lovely she is) and fits the part perfectly. The largest role in the play, and the character that goes through the most changes, is Elizabeth, and she is acted wonderfully by Paige Underwood, with not a false note.
Among the men, Tim Stafford is effervescent as Mr. Bingley, David Bello lives up to his name as the caddish Mr. Wickham, Eddie Dethlefs makes the most of his brief excursions out of the library as Mr. Bennet, and James Creighton is hilariously egotistical as Mr. Collins, the clergyman in search of a Bennet girl for a wife. Nick Fleming plays Darcy, who is supposed to be the male star of the show, but he isn't on stage all that much. Although commanding of figure, his acting is not equally commanding. The character is supposed to be haughty and taciturn throughout much of the play, and Fleming plays him that way, but a little too much so. I was looking for some evidence of his burgeoning attraction to Elizabeth, and I didn't see it. A furtive glance or two, a wry smile, maybe. Of course, maybe the glances were so furtive that I missed them completely.
All in all, this is a fine production of Jane Austen's perennially popular book. I'm glad that Albuquerque Little Theatre risked doing a show that might not have the widest appeal. I hope it gets the full houses it deserves.
Pride and Prejudice, through September 9, 2018, at the Albuquerque Little Theatre, 224 San Pasquale SW, Albuquerque NM. Fridays and Saturdays at 7:30, Sundays at 2:00. Extra performances Saturday 9/1 at 2:00 and Thursday 9/6 at 7:30. Information at www.albuquerquelittletheatre.org or 505-242-4750. | https://www.talkingbroadway.org/page/regional/alb/alb515.html |
Features:
- Ignition Model
- Design: RWB 964
- Colour: Matte Blue
- Model no: IG2519
- Car Manufacturer: Porsche
- 1/43 Scale
- Condition: All items are in new condition unless specified
- Limited Edition Produced
Ignition Model is a Japanese brand that is known for its quality workmanship. All collectible die-cast model cars are handmade with precision for this high-quality miniature model car manufacturer.
*Reference image only, details subject to change accoring to licensor approval. | https://diecasttoyz.com.au/products/ignition-model-1-43-rwb-964-matte-blue |
New Directions in Folklore (NDiF) is the refereed, open access e-journal of NewFolk(@AFS), a community of over one hundred scholars, professionals, and graduate students dedicated to pushing the envelope of scholarship in the exploration of contemporary culture. NDiF is dedicated to providing vital, up to the minute and rigorous scholarship to an informed scholarly audience of non-specialists. We invite a wide range of articles, written in an accessible style, that examine contemporary culture through the humanities or social sciences.Additionally, we invite scholars who wish to utilize the unique opportunities presented by an exclusively online journal, which includes the experimentation of unorthodox figures and graphics, such as embedded videos, active URL links, and animated pictures, in addition to more traditional article embellishments.
Publication History
New Directions in Folklore was first published online as the Impromptu Journal in July of 1997.In 2000, the name was changed to New Directions in Folklore, as it remains today. In 2010, after a nearly seven-year hiatus, the journal resurfaced online in partnership with Indiana University Libraries, IUScholarWorks, and the American Folklore Society.
Peer Review Process
NDiF publishes two kinds of articles: reviewed scholarship, in the section of the journal labeled “Articles” and informal submissions for the “Notes” or “Letters” sections which are not refereed. All submissions will receive an initial response from the editor based on relevance to the mission of the journal, and on the clarity and completeness of presentation.When received, articles are reviewed for scholarly rigor as well as for relevance, clarity, and completeness. When an article has met the minimum standards for consideration, it is matched to resident experts in the topic or area of specialization for review. The review process at NDiF is designed not to eliminate articles from consideration but to assist scholars to meet the journal’s high standards for rigor and accessibility. Reviewers therefore have the option to remain anonymous or to make themselves available to their authors in a relationship of ongoing constructive criticism through to satisfactory conclusion of the project. The initial review of submissions will yield a response in 5-8 weeks, and authors will be notified and kept informed by the editor about their manuscript's status and the ongoing process of review. Upon the publication of an accepted article submission, all copyrights and reprinting permissions shall be retained by the submitting author(s); New Directions in Folklore requests (but does not strictly require) one year of exclusive publication rights.
Publication Frequency
At this time, New Directions in Folklore will be published bi-annually. Should a greater influx of submissions abound, we intend to expand to a quarterly journal as demand arises.
Open Access Policy
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
Archiving
This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...
CLOCKSS system has permission to ingest, preserve, and serve this Archival Unit.
Sponsors
New Directions in Folklore would like to thank the following organizations for their support:
Sources of Support
New Directions in Folklore is the official organ of the New Directions in Folklore section of the American Folklore Society. | https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/ndif/about |
Pump copies files (or standard input if none) to standard output by using two processes, one reading and one writing, sharing a large circular buffer, thus permitting the reading process to get ahead of the writing process if the output device is slow (e.g., an optical disc). This in turn can keep the output device busy. The pipeline dd | dd can approximate this, but pipe buffering is limited to 64K bytes, which is fairly modest.
–b sets the size of read and write operations to iando bytes. The default size is 8 kilobytes.
–d causes the output process to sleep for sleepms milliseconds initially, giving the reading process time to accumulate data in the buffer.
–i sets the size of read operations to ireadsize bytes.
–k allocates a circular buffer of KB–buf kilobytes rather than the default 5000 kilobytes.
–o sets the size of write operations to owritesize bytes.
–s prevents output until start–KB kilobytes have been read.
–S seeks both input and output files to off before copying.
–t stops output after minutes have passed. This assumes that pump can copy 10,584,000 bytes per minute.
Pump processes spin while waiting for the circular buffer to fill or drain.
Dd, ecp and pump occupy slightly different niches but perhaps some simplification is possible. | http://9p.io/magic/man2html/1/pump |
Litigation costs orders and access to the courts in IP cases
On I February 2018, at 15.00 hrs, Charlotte Vrendenbarg will defend her PhD dissertation ‘Proceskostenveroordeling en toegang tot de rechter in IE-zaken. Regelingen over proceskosten getoetst aan het EU-recht’ (Litigation costs orders and access to the courts in IP cases. A comparison of litigation costs schemes with EU law) at the Academy Building of Leiden University. The research was supervised by Professor H.J. Snijders and Professor D.J.G. Visser.
Proceedings dealing with intellectual property rights can be costly. Disputes concerning infringements of IP rights are often transboundary and complex, both from a factual and a legal point of view. The investigation of infringers, the collection of evidence of infringement, the assessment of the scope of protection of the IP right in question and the investigation of the prior art of the so-called Umfeld are examples of specific, time-consuming activities in IP cases. The fees for the assistance of a specialist lawyer can be very high.
On the grounds of the general rules that apply in civil proceedings, only a minor, fixed amount of the lawyer’s fees can be claimed from the opposing party. The fixed remuneration fee system is based on the notion that the risk of being ordered to pay substantial costs would form a serious obstruction to access to the courts. In proceedings concerning the enforcement of IP rights, since the implementation of the Enforcement Guidelines the special condition on litigation costs of Article 1019h of the Dutch Code of Civil Procedure (CCP) applies. This provision enables an order for the winning party in the actual, reasonable and proportional costs. The article, which forms the broad implementation of Article 14 of the Enforcement Guidelines, is based on the notion that the prospect of realistic remuneration would increase access to the courts for IP title-holders. In addition, the risk of an order to pay substantial costs would act as a deterrent to potential infringers. The order to pay extensive costs, perhaps even the entire cost, of proceedings and the choices that are made concerning the implementation and interpretation of the provision in the Dutch context have consequences for the accessibility to courts in IP cases.
The central question in the dissertation is to what extent the implementation, interpretation and application of Article 14 of the Enforcement Guidelines in the Netherlands is consistent with EU law. To review conformity with EU law, first the assessment framework to be met by the national rules on litigation costs was outlined. On the basis of extensive literature and case law study it was examined how the litigation costs rule of Article 1019h CCP is interpreted and applied in practice in Dutch IP cases. In addition, the effects and possible effects of Article 1019h CCP on parties’ conduct during proceedings and when settling in IP disputes is highlighted. For that purpose, on the basis of comparative law and legal economic research, insights acquired were linked to anecdotal evidence of the operation of Article 1019h CCP in practice. In the last stage of the research, conformity of the implementation, interpretation and application of the litigation costs rule in relation to EU law was studied and specific recommendations were made to advance a litigation cost rule that is better in conformity with EU law in IP cases. Finally, the outcomes of the research were applied to analyse EU conformity of the fixed remuneration fee in civil proceedings in general.
On the basis of the research, the main conclusion is that an extensive or full order to pay costs of proceedings in IP cases appears not to have had the desired effect. There are strong indications that the prospect of an unpredictable and high order to pay litigation costs can have a discouraging effect. It also appears that IP title-holders will not go to the courts if they are unable to carry the financial risk of losing the case, which is particularly relevant if they are facing a wealthy counterparty. Under these circumstances, infringement practices will not be halted. It has been demonstrated that an order to pay costs on the basis of strictly applicable (maximum) fees is not only more consistent with the Guidelines, but is also more in line with the general provisions and principles of EU law. | https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/news/2018/01/litigation-costs-orders-and-access-to-the-courts-in-ip-cases |
In my previous articles on dog capabilities, and how to integrate them into a Tactical Team, we discussed their capabilities to bite and fight as well as their ability to carry equipment. Now let’s discuss their most beneficial capability to us, their sense of smell.
In my original article I said, “One of the greatest capabilities a dog can bring, and the primary reason they are used by law enforcement and military, is their sense of smell. Humans walk into a restaurant and smell the food (they may even distinguish the types of meals being prepared).
This is not exaggeration and could even be expanded to, they can tell you which cars in the lot have gas or oil leaks, which rooms in a hotel have bed bug problems, where the fire that burned down your neighbor’s house started and what accelerant was used to start it, where the dead body of that victim is in that pond, where cancer is in a patient, and even where a woman is in her cycle. And all of this simply through their sense of smell.
Opinions are like belly buttons, everyone has one. That’s kind of what it’s like with people and their theories. Everyone has a theory about something and many people have theories about everything. But theories are only useful when they are tested in practical application.
For instance, it is common consensus and seems to make total sense that your scent will blow down wind; so that if it is a windy day, the dog will tend to track on the downwind side of your actual trail. However, during a tracking course at Baden K-9 several years ago, we were demonstrating scent discrimination on an open field.
It was a breezy day with fairly constant winds blowing and every dog that day tracked up wind of where the tracks were. They all found what they were tracking, but the point is that dogs have access to a world that’s invisible to us. Theory is great, but when we ignore or neglect practical application and stop trusting the dog to reveal to us this invisible world, we will fail in our mission.
We could make all sorts of additional theories as to why the scent was upwind that day and I am not saying that scent flows upwind, I am just saying that we simply don’t understand everything there is to know about that world. But this doesn’t mean that we can’t use the incredible senses of the dog to reveal it to us. We just have to trust that the dog has abilities that we can’t even come close to matching. When you understand and embrace this, you’ll be able to begin making real progress toward mastering tracking and scent work.
Practically everything has a scent to it. You may not be able to detect scent on some things, but that doesn’t mean that your dog can’t. The key to making a dog’s sense of smell useful to the tactical operator is to communicate to the dog what scents you want him to indicate on and how.
For instance, you may want a dog to sit when he detects explosive scent. You may want him to point or lay down when he detects humans on the other side of a door or hidden in the wood line. You can train these indications however you want, but keep in mind that you have to maintain these skill sets. It is also useful to be able to turn the dog on and off, in a manner of speaking, such that you do not always require them to be in full detection mode.
For the Tactical Team, one of the greatest threats to their safety is an explosive booby trap. These can be produced in many ways, but all of them have one thing in common…explosives. Training a dog to indicate on explosives allows the team to move faster onto the objective, confident that they will not trip a wire or activate a pressure switch. Dogs can be trained off lead to follow verbal commands or hand and arm signals for which route to take.
Upon the detection of any explosive material, the dog will indicate. This gives the team the capability to reroute to avoid the device, or disarm it. Either way, this process is many times faster than the careful “observe and feel” method, and much more reliable. Dogs can also be trained to indicate on these scents while tracking so that you don’t come unexpectedly upon a booby trap either intended to kill you or indicate that you are actually tracking.
When raiding a fairly large compound with a fairly small team, you don’t have the time or resources to search everything and leave appropriate security on every location searched. This is another area where the dog can be of great assistance to the team. Using various marking devices (the red or green laser pointer being the most popular) you can train a dog to check rooms and other locations for the presence of people.
This is where it is critical to train a different indication for people and explosives. If a dog checks a room and sits, DO NOT kick the door down (assuming sit is your indication for explosives), but if a dog indicates by pointing, then you know someone is in there. The only question is, are they hostile or hostages.
I have not mentioned this much, but this is a time when having multiple dogs with multiple teams can be particularly useful. Depending on the mission parameters and tactical considerations, you can work three (3) or more dogs on a 12-man team. The Nazi SS K-9 Teams had up to 3 dogs per handler with the highest number I am aware of being 12 dogs with a single handler.
I am not suggesting that every member of a SEAL raid team should have three dogs, but if you are planning for dog integration, don’t get stuck only considering a single dog.
Another application for human detection is cave searching. Dogs were used extensively in cave searches in Afghanistan. With their sense of smell they can detect things like the cave walls and small openings in caves in the complete blackness without the need to use light to see. They will also never get lost in a cave because they can back track their way out.
Finally, dogs can be used for both hostile and non-hostile tracking situations. While there are schools that specialize in teaching men to track, the methods, while effective, are extremely slow and unless the person stops moving, your chances of locating them are slim. They simply move faster than you can track them in many instances. But a dog can track as fast as you can move. In fact, the handler is usually slowing the dog down from moving too quickly. Consider that dogs track their prey in the wild, and in case you have never noticed it, deer mosey much faster that we can move comfortably through the bush.
Tactical Teams may find they need to conduct a non-hostile track in the event of a lost teammate or downed pilot. In an isolation event, the isolated person has specific procedures that they take to indicate that they are close, but can still move up to a kilometer away from their last indication. With a dog on a rescue team, once this initial location is found, the dog can lead to the missing person in a matter of a few minutes.
Much more important in terms of team safety, however, is the hostile track with a dog. In this event the team may walk into an ambush or come unexpectedly upon the enemy they are searching for. Dogs will naturally indicate when they are getting close on hot scent. After training with a tracking dog, the handler should be able to determine when they are danger close and the team can determine to release the dog off lead or move into the objective in a way that best suits their environment and threat level.
The dog’s ability to man-track is a significant tactical advantage to the team needing to locate a fleeing suspect in the shortest time possible. Even if the time window is not critically short, the dog allows for the focus of the Team members to be on the threat, and not on the ground.
No, you do not need to be a dog whisperer to understand a dog’s communication. You simply need to understand that all animals communicate in subtle ways. Birds do not announce to the flock that they are about to make a left turn and begin descending, and yet you do not see mid air collisions within a flock of birds when they dip and dive in flight. In a similar fashion, dogs will communicate with humans.
Some of this communication can be trained, such as sitting when the dog smells explosives. Other indications are natural, such as indicating on sound and the way a dog reacts when they suddenly catch hot scent just before coming on the tracked subject. It is the responsibility of the handler to know their dog.
They must know how their dog responds in different environments and situations; what their dog’s indication is before biting when they were previously calm; what their dog’s indication is when they are on and off scent during a track; or even how they act when they are nervous or tired. Understanding your dog and his individual personality is critical in taking full advantage of the dog’s senses and communication to the Team.
Join us next time as we discuss in more detail, the combat capabilities of a dog in the use of their sense of hearing. | https://www.itstactical.com/warcom/k9-warcom/dogs-of-war-tactical-uses-of-scent-detection/ |
Jim Dine is an American pop artist. He is sometimes considered to be a part of the Neo-Dada movement. He first earned respect in the art world with his Happenings. Pioneered with artists Claes Oldenburg and Allan Kaprow, in conjunction with musician John Cage, the "Happenings" were chaotic performance art.
In 1962 Dine's work was included, along with Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, Robert Dowd, Phillip Hefferton, Joe Goode, Edward Ruscha, and Wayne Thiebaud, in the historically important and ground-breaking New Painting of Common Objects, curated by Walter Hopps at the Norton Simon Museum. In the early 1960s Dine produced pop art with items from everyday life. in 1971 he focused on several series of drawings. In the 1980s sculpture resumed a prominent place in his art. In the time since then there has been an apparent shift in the subject of his art from man-made objects to nature. He is a major Pop Artist with International museum acclaim & gallery shows worldwide. His works appear in the prominent exhibitions of many major museums. | http://www.popartgallery.com/jim-dine/ |
Introduction:
ERP concepts safeguarding the future should nowadays be based on an innovative technology of great versatility so that tasks common in the modern e-business environment such as the integration of customer communication between different sites, the connection of suppliers and comprehensive document management of companies can be realized and updated to meet the latest requirements without additional effort. According to META Group an integrated software solution combined with a comprehensive consulting approach will in future form the basis of such concepts for the European medium-sized business. This knowledge provided is used as a consistent basis for the development and marketing concepts of the fully integrated ERP / SCM / CRM / DMS / workflow concept CANIAS of Application Software GmbH in Karlsruhe.
TIP–Total Integrated Planning®
- Medium-sized business concept for intersite processes -
For large organisations it has always been the extensive consulting project for supply chain management, enterprise application integration (EAI) or even web services which was supposed to manage the interaction of software products within a mixed heterogeneous system landscape. Web portals, too, have been justified by the demand for comprehensive company co-ordination of e. g. warm-up or logistics processes. These are as a rule projects of a considerable complexity and can at present only be implemented point-to-point due to, for instance, their lack of real-time capability or unresolved security standards of Internet services. Such activities are at any rate beyond the means of most companies (98 % in Germany) classified as medium-sized by the European Commission.
Consultants of medium-sized networks (networks of company structures with less than 150 users per location) are gradually coming to the conclusion that the approach should not start with the combination and integration of different special top-of-the-range programs (best of breed) but with 80/20 solutions in accordance with a fully integrated concept offering customization.
But what are the parameters required for a total concept such as TIP-Total Integrated Planning® for the medium-sized business to enfold its full effectiveness? Industrial Application Software GmbH has defined five criteria for the success of such a “c”-business model:
· Connectivity
· Collaboration
· Channels
· Competence
· Complete installations
Connectivity – Participation for everybody
The first and considerable hurdle on the path to an integrated medium-sized business solution is the fact that all participants in the process must have not more and not less than one access to the platforms. This requirement applies to the following user groups:
· In-house users
· Branch users
· Field workers
· Suppliers
· Sales partners
· Customers
· Anonymous Internet users (Internet presence)
Due to the cost involved, it does not take long in practice before it becomes obvious that the hardwiring of system accesses is at best suitable for the linking of large branches and important suppliers, not however, for any of the other single users or mini user groups described above. For this reason a solution accessible to all these participants requires a technological design that allows the direct use of the Internet as access medium.
Since 1997 Industrial Application Software has been applying JAVA technologies at this particular point. This enables all peripheral equipment with access to the Internet and the possibility of executing JAVA code to make use of the entire software packet. Due to the extremely efficient program techniques Enterprise Java Beans (EJB), Remote Method Invocation (RMI) and a highly refined cache philosophy the use of CANIAS online is even supported on peripheral equipment with wireless connection to the Internet. First experiences with 4 channel GSM trunking in accordance with the HSCSD standard have already been gathered. Future broadband mobile net architectures of whatever kind, such as UMTS, will definitely gain in importance.
- Collaboration -
Tools for process integration
In addition to the requirement that all potential user groups are provided with access, the concept of the TIP-TOTAL INTEGRATED PLANNING® contrary to the classic ERP solution will have to make extended functionality available. Essential functions of the so-called advanced ERP systems are an integrated solution for contact management, document management and the management of the supply chain.
By now, voices can be heard not only from ERP suppliers but also CRM specialist circles that the interaction between ERP and CRM solutions has to be a priority if they are supposed to be able to offer process support as an integrated tool of a database. The component of the operative CRM in particular is not feasible without complete integration. For supply chain management these processes are additionally coordinated beyond the limits of the company. The SCM approach of Industrial Application Software GmbH is striving to optimize the entire value added chain by integrating all processes with the partners of the logistics chain in order to minimize these processes. TIP-Total Integrated Planning® is creating process-detailed solutions that go beyond the company limits and enables comprehensive company optimization of resources in order to satisfy current and future requirements of the end customer.
The interaction of all companies and sectors participating in the value added chain is made considerably easier. CANIAS improves – in particular by providing instant flow of information between participants and the utilization of centrally managed data - transparency in the logistics chain, enables fast plan adaptation, excellent capacity utilization and speed of response despite minimal stock. In addition to this, companies can create more transparent commercial processes for the customers and suppliers. The necessary standards of security are of course taken into consideration at all times. To a linked supplier this means not only the viewing of stock items to be delivered but also the receiving of information about future planned orders, even of orders that include his components with a high chance of being awarded. All options are at a disposal in order to make arrangements in good time. The actual order processing is then activated within the system or via XML/EDI connectors by simply pressing a button. SCM-Connect also allows the setup of substitutes and the update of basic agreements by suppliers. Changes can be updated at ease and kept until they need to be activated at the relevant date.
Another functionality – judged by the META GROUP as a driving force of e-business applications – is the possibility of a considerable increase of customer linking and service through online ordering of spare parts, while at the same time processing costs are tremendously lowered.
- Channels – group specific access paths and rights
In connection with the concepts of TIP all functions which an in-house user on site is entitled to, can and should be made available on demand (homeworkers) worldwide; this, however, is not desirable for all described user groups and is economically not feasible. For this reason TIP distinguishes for the remote access between:
· the personalized full access in accordance with the definition of an ASP user
· the supply chain user for the personalized access of suppliers and customers
· the option to make information available to an anonymous Internet user.
First of all, the full access via ASP would be an option for the remote use of all functions cleared for an in-house user. This access path via user name and password is encrypted with the help of SSL technology. In this case the user, after login, not only finds his personal menu structure with his personal rights of action but also all previous user-specific entries in search masks or mask conversions reloaded as SET GET parameters when these are called up by a remote client. In addition to this, the user can use the Client to display and print documents at the current local resources.
In contrast to the full user, the SCM user is, after login, only able to use data and transactions in connection with his customer or supplier number. He can not only gain reading but also writing access to the system, e. g. he can enter price, amount or date changes in orders or make bookings. What is not possible is to follow links into the total functionality of the system or to carry out administrative changes. The user-specific option can not only be used to inform customers about their current order status, to give sales partners access to warehouses for ready-made goods but also to inform suppliers about items to be delivered simply by allowing access via a normal modem/ISDN access or even mobile via a card phone. We are here not talking about a small information excerpt as in web front end applications. Any information in the database, down to its desired depth is available on demand.
It is the opinion of the IAS that apart from these two different intensities which allow a worldwide personalized access to the system, a third aspect needs to be taken into consideration that at a first glance seems to belong more to the system-independent Internet presence. After all, the visitors of normal company websites repeatedly require information that is already managed by their data background in the ERP system. At this point it does make little sense to manage these contents in a separate system for the Internet presence. It is much more efficient to generate documents in HTML or XML format from CANIAS and to make these automatically available for browsing. The HTML converter integrated in this concept deals exactly with this task. Whether price lists, sales partner addresses or, in the sector of spare part components, any information recorded and stored in the system can be presented as a website according to target group. For this the HTML converter uses the appropriate page format of the company website in question which, in form of a style sheet, controls the formatting of web contents in the system. This format pattern can also be used to automatically generate mailings.
- Complete Installations –
to get faster utilization
To utilize a more complex solution for operative processes in a target-focused and effective manner in the smaller medium-sized business, all sections of such an installation – no matter whether this applies to hardware, operating system, database, application, installation, conversion or introduction – should be coordinated.
A missing link in this chain would certainly delay the time of maximum efficiency or even hinder the overall success permanently. Quite often the selection of the wrong database, insufficient system training or the failure to adapt functions to the requirements of a particular company, spoils the success of a software introduction as the benefits for the user and the increase in productivity do not materialize. TIP in accordance with Total Solutions for Industrial Application Software means also, to demand the specification and testing of executable complete solutions which can be offered complete to the smaller business. The package solutions for 10, 20 or 30 simultaneous users do not only comprise a server and backup system, a USV, a service monitor, a pre-installed operating system, a database and, of course, a CANIAS but also advice, system adaptation and key user training. This results in considerable project simplifications and cost savings for 98 percent of businesses in Germany with less than 50 employees. The special and so far unique design ensures that only "one contract” has to be signed for the service/support of the complete solution after the introduction of the system and that the companies can get in touch with "a central service hotline” during the entire described installation process. IAS has made the experience that smaller medium-sized businesses are predominantly interested in a clear responsibility structure which prevents problems in cases where support is required.
- Competence –
solutions increase acceptance
The technological and functional basics have been described in the previous chapters. An integrated concept such as TIP, however, is also about finding acceptable solutions to the current demands and wishes of owners of medium-sized businesses on the basis of technology and functionality. We have frequently adopted certain aspects stressed by customers during our continuous discussions about intersite concepts and these have found access into the solutions portfolio of CANIAS and TIP. A good example originating from our consultation work is the concept of distributed database management (DDM).
Talks with interested parties and customers showed worries about the topic of data being exposed outside the company. Generally companies/departments are likely to be willing to use applications jointly with other departments and to exchange the required data in connection with this. They show, however, great concern when it comes to taking the entire data store to a server authority. Whether this is justified or not is in this context quite often not the sensible approach of a discussion. It is, after all, certainly possible to guarantee sufficiently high standards, even for remote operation, for many business models by the use of firewall, encryption and data saving. But why not meet these concerns with the offer of alternatives?
Industrial Application Software GmbH offers the customer a choice of locations for their data by using the concept of distributed database management in all projects. By operating via JDBC interfaces, the application CANIAS can not only directly and simultaneously address databases but can also access externally managed data stocks. This way, even customers wishing to use their application through ASP operation, are offered a variety of local data management and data saving options at the respective company site. Large amounts of data, too, such as large documentation, graphics, video sequences or CAD files can be additionally down-loaded within a website-based application from a local resource without causing traffic on the Internet. The configuration of this concept of distributed data management (DDM) can be individually customized – which means it makes a contribution to the improvement of ASP acceptance as well as being an important aspect of performance security of hosted DMS functionalities without the use of expensive fixed line concepts. To offer maximum use to the customer it is of course necessary to set up these concepts as separate projects. Access rights and access possibilities, localization and distribution of data stock require detailed evaluation and have a decisive influence on a DDM project. But this is exactly what makes a competent total concept such as TIP with CANIAS so powerful.
Conclusion:
According to a survey of the e-commerce magazine the following factors are critical for the success of ERP/SCM projects, particularly in the medium-sized business sector.
affordable purchase and operating costs
short implementation periods
small integration effort
high solution competence of supplier
knowledge of sector and understanding of processes
These are exactly the criteria which IAS can meet today unlike any other supplier, due to technological leadership, in-house project and consultation competence, high integration of all functions required by medium-sized businesses with CANIAS, and the integrated consultation concept of TIP – Total Integrated Planning -
Supplemented by complete solutions (comprising hardware, operating system, database, application, backup system and USV) - for which even during the operating phase only one service contract has to be signed and a central hotline is available – IAS has already done its homework for the, as specified by META GROUP, second elementary demand made by medium-sized companies, the so-called Plan-Build-Run service at an acceptable price and is again offering Total Integrated Solutions.
The author:
Gregor Goller (39) is Head of Marketing and Strategic Partnerships for Industrial Application Software GmbH since September 1, 2000. His responsibilities at IAS includes company communications in addition to apprehending the demands on company processes of tomorrow in order to secure solid strategic product positioning and to create an appropriate partner network for the support of these plans. E-mail: [email protected]
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Family violence, including intimate partner violence, elder abuse and child maltreatment, is a serious and deteriorating social problem. It may cause irreparable damage to the victim's physical and mental health, as well as social functioning, welfare, and legal status. Previous efforts to formulate preventive measures under different disciplines are often ineffective. This book is among the first attempts to integrate perspectives from different inter-related disciplines into the development of preventive strategies for family violence. Experts from health, legal, social work, sociology, and psychology have contributed to the multidisciplinary approach based on their professional discretion.
Prevention is the key to combating family violence. The World Health Organization has adopted the public health approach as a conceptual framework in order to identify the essential elements that would contribute to the prevention and intervention of family violence (Krug, Dahlberg, Mercy, Zwi, & Lozaro, 2002). The approach also provides a common framework for professionals from various disciplines—including social scientists, health and legal professionals, psychologists, and social workers—with which to work collaboratively. This chapter introduces the framework and discusses how it can inform a multidisciplinary approach to the prevention of family violence.
Public health relates to individuals...
In the last decade, my research team and I have conducted a number of studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) in Hong Kong. It is time to review the studies in order to see what must be done for the future development of research, policy, and services related to domestic violence in Hong Kong. Understanding how to combat domestic violence in Hong Kong provides valuable insight into how this can be done in greater Chinese societies. The Chinese are the largest ethnic group in the world, making up a full one-fifth of the world’s total population. Yet little is known...
According to the multidisciplinary procedural guidelines developed for handling child abuse cases in Hong Kong, child abuse is defined as any act of commission or omission that endangers or impairs a child’s physical or psychological health and development (Working Group on Child Abuse, 1998). Child abuse refers to the physical and emotional mistreatment, sexual abuse, neglect and negligent treatment of children, as well as to their commercial or other exploitation. With its complex dynamics and predisposing factors, child maltreatment is recognized internationally as a serious public health, human rights, legal and social issue.
Child abuse has been described in literature...
In research on this subject, one always comes across different terminology such as elder abuse, elder neglect, elder mistreatment, and so on. What exactly is elder mistreatment? The Action on Elder Abuse (1995) defines elder mistreatment as “a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person”. The National Research Council (NRC) proposes a similar definition for research purposes. According to the NRC (2003), elder mistreatment is “(a) intentional actions that cause harm or create a serious risk of harm,...
Research studies on domestic violence (DV) frequently employ instruments that identify or assess constructs associated with health-related problems and/or the well-being of an individual. These problems can be of a physical or a psychological nature, which may not be directly measurable. These underlying constructs may, however, be assessed by using the responses of a number of items that are associated with the constructs. Responses to these items are then scored and used to form a scale score for assessment. A compendium of Chinese instruments available for DV studies is provided in the final section of this chapter. In general, these...
On 5 November 2009, under the headline “Wife punched 10 times after she refused to have sex, court told”, Loretta Fong (2009) reported in the South China Morning Post that “the court was told of four other alleged assaults by . . . [the husband] against his wife between October 1 last year and April 1 this year, . . . [the husband], 46, has a record of 13 convictions, of which 11 were related to violence.” This type of report on domestic violence is in fact very common nowadays. Statistics on cases involving child abuse and spouse battering captured...
The saying, “I know what is best for you”, is probably a familiar echo to many of us from our childhood days. To promote a happy childhood, the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child stipulated in 1989 that “the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration” in providing “special protection . . . opportunities and facilities, by law and by other means” to a child “to enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually and socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity” (United Nations, 2010). The doctrine...
Our research journey on domestic violence in Chinese pregnant women began in 1997. At that time, I had just completed my Obstetrics & Gynaecology (O&G) specialist training in Queen Mary Hospital (QMH) and Tsan Yuk Hospital. My interest in research was still minimal. One afternoon, I met Professor H. K. Ma, who had come back from London to visit us in QMH. Professor Ma had been Head of the Department of O&G at the University of Hong Kong before her retirement in 1995. She inspired us with a research idea when she told us domestic violence in pregnant women had...
There is overwhelming evidence that intimate partner violence (IPV) is linked with a range of health problems (e.g., Bonomi, Anderson, Rivara, & Thompson, 2007; Campbell, 2002; Humphreys, Cooper, & Miaskowski, 2010; Krug, Dahlberg, Mercy, Zwi, & Lozano, 2002; Wuest et al., 2009). Given the association of IPV with significant morbidity, it is not surprising that much effort has gone into designing interventions to prevent IPV and address its related health consequences. This chapter describes the impact of IPV on health, and discusses the effects of interventions on preventing/reducing IPV and promoting the health of IPV survivors.
The impact of IPV...
Victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are often sent to the emergency department and emergency clinicians can be main players in breaking cycles of violence to prevent devastating consequences for victims, children and families. A multidisciplinary approach with one-stop management in ED is vital for efficient and holistic care for IPV patients. IPV should have a greater weight in the undergraduate curricula of medicine and nursing, as well as more resources to strengthen postgraduate expertise development in this field. Ongoing territory-wide studies are highly recommended to monitor trends, and to investigate the problem’s complex nature and the controversial effects of...
Children in Hong Kong are often viewed as enjoying excellent health as indicated by their good vital statistics. However, the child welfare policy and service delivery model in Hong Kong have long been criticized as being shortsighted, and as lacking the vision to plan for primary prevention especially on child protection and to address forthcoming problems in advance.
On the service level, the current manpower allocation and funding system demonstrate a typical failure to address the long-term needs of children and underprivileged families. The social work workforce and administrative system in Hong Kong are still following the traditional government administrative...
Child protection is a team effort involving different professionals, such as social workers, teachers, police, and health professionals. Child health and welfare professionals in Hong Kong have worked closely in handling child maltreatment because of increased awareness of child abuse and neglect in the community since 1990 (Mulvey, 1997). Multidisciplinary collaboration is a common and critical work approach in dealing with child maltreatment. According to the Procedural Guides for Handling Child Abuse Cases Revised 2007 (PG-CAC) issued by the Social Welfare Department, “The MDCC is a forum by which professionals having a major role in the handling and investigation of...
Violence inflicted by one person onto another, be it onto a loved one or a stranger, has never been a one-dimensional issue. The causes of family violence—as well as its conflict, trauma and impact—are intermingled with the complex dynamics of relationships, emotions, gender roles, cultural and societal values, traditional beliefs, as well as perpetuation of power and control (Adams, 2007; R. E. Dobash & Dobash, 1979; Hamberger & Hastings, 1986; Pence, 1993). Nor is family violence and sexual violence merely a “Hong Kong issue”, although this book focuses mainly on the situation in Hong Kong. Violence occurs in... | https://slave2.omega.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1xwfx4 |
The Supreme Court has observed that all matters connected with a crime and whether something is a “conclusive piece of evidence” must be dealt with by a court of law, and not through a TV channel.
A bench of Justices U.U. Lalit and P.S. Narasimha said: “All matters relating to the crime and whether a particular thing happens to be a conclusive piece of evidence must be dealt with by a court of law and not through a TV channel. If at all, there was a voluntary statement, the matter would be dealt with by the court of law.”
“The public platform is not a place for such debate or proof of what otherwise is the exclusive domain and function of courts of law. Any such debate or discussion touching upon matters which are in the domain of courts would amount to direct interference in administration of criminal justice,” it said, while hearing an appeal challenging the Karnataka High Court judgment commuting the death sentence awarded by the trial court to life imprisonment.
The petitioners were accused of committing dacoity and murder.
Noting that voluntary statements of the accused was recorded on DVD, and the trial court, which awarded death penalty to the accused, relied on it, the top court said that it has repeatedly found a tendency on part of the prosecuting agency in getting the entire statement recorded rather than only that part of the statement which leads to the discovery of facts.
“In the process, a confession of an accused which is otherwise hit by the principles of Evidence Act finds its place on record. Such kind of statements may have a direct tendency to influence and prejudice the mind of the court. This practice must immediately be stopped. In the present case, the trial court not only extracted the entire statements but also relied upon them,” it held.
The bench said if at all the accused were desirous of making confessions, the investigating machinery could have facilitated recording of confession by producing them before a magistrate for appropriate action in terms of Section 164 of the Code.
“What has further aggravated the situation is the fact that said statements on DVD recorded by the Investigating Agency were played and published in a program named Putta Mutta by Udaya TV.”
The bench said allowing the DVD to go into the hands of a private TV channel so that it could be played and published in a programme is nothing but dereliction of duty and direct interference in the administration of justice.
It also noted the prosecution relied on a chart, which was taken to be proof of the activities of a gang to which the appellants allegedly belonged. “A mere chart cannot be taken as proof of the involvement of the accused in other crimes either at the stage of conviction or sentence,” the bench said. | https://www.canindia.com/tv-debate-on-court-matters-amounts-to-interference-in-administration-of-justice-sc/ |
The Candidate: From my residency training in Pediatrics, through fellowship in Allergy and Immunology, to my current position as an Assistant Professor at the University of Utah, I worked towards the overarching goal of improving diagnosis and treatment by understanding the genetic and pathophysiologic basis of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). I am committed to an academic career as a physician scientist, elucidating disease mechanisms and translating discoveries in genetics to improving the care of patients with PIDs. I have demonstrated this commitment based on my development of outstanding mentorship at my institution, and have generated two first-authored, high-impact research articles involving the genetic investigation of a form of common variable immunodeficiency, and a population genetic analysis of RAG mutations associated with PIDs. Further, I have developed collaborations with key investigators within and outside of the University to maximize both relevant patient samples and efforts involving functional and genetic analyses of PIDs. Institutional Environment: I work in the laboratories of both Lynn Jorde, PhD, (Department of Human Genetics) and Guy Zimmerman, MD, (Molecular Medicine Program) and both laboratories are situated within the Eccles Institute of Human Genetics building located on the University of Utah Health Sciences campus. The University of Utah is an institution rich with resources to support physician scientists and includes the Health Sciences Center, which includes both a network of patient clinics and an adult hospital at the School of Medicine; a pediatric tertiary hospital; and support for researchers including vast core facility resources and the University of Utah Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS). My research environment is ideal for support of my research project and training aims. The Department of Pediatrics has demonstrated a commitment to support my career goals by providing intensive mentoring and training through the departmental Pediatric Clinical and Translational (PCAT) Research Scholars Program as well as being selected as a scholar in the K12 Child Health Research Career Development Award Program. Career Development and Training: My short-term career objective is to gain an understanding of the genetic and molecular pathogenesis of CVID caused by defects in the noncanonical NF-?B pathway. My longterm career objective includes development into an R01-funded, independent principle investigator who is able to lead multiple projects in translational investigations of CVID and other PIDs. I crafted my career development activities together with an outstanding mentorship team with two primary co-mentors and three advisors to build on my past research experiences and to address new skill development. My scientific training includes development of laboratory bench skills in functional immune assays utilizing human cells, development of my technical skills and understanding of bioinformatics in next-generation sequencing modalities, as well as development of clinical diagnostics for improved immunophenotyping of PID patients. My professional development and training includes continued development of my leadership skills to improve my ability to manage an independent laboratory, as well as continued development of collaborative relationships in the national and international PID community. The training plan includes regular meetings with my co-mentors, didactic courses, seminars, and national/international meetings. Project Description: We recently identified NFKB2 (NF-?B2), and its signaling pathway, the noncanonical NF-?B pathway, as the etiology of a form of CVID. Our preliminary data have demonstrated that the NFKB2 mutations in our CVID cohort result in reduced NF-?B2/p52 nuclear translocation. The resultant phenotype includes early age-onset of panhypogammaglobulinemia, autoimmune features and adrenal insufficiency. Little is known about the direct downstream signaling and transcriptional effects of NF-?B2 in humans, and why mutations in NFKB2 may result in the specific CVID phenotype. We aim to delineate the effects of NFKB2 mutations at the transcriptional, molecular, and cellular levels to better understand the contribution of the noncanonical NF-?B pathway in maintaining humoral immunity. First, we will perform functional B cell assays to identify defects contributing to poor antibody production. Second, we will perform RNA-Seq to determine differences in gene expression caused by mutant NFKB2, in order to identify the targets that have protein level changes. Using RNA-Seq, we will identify the major signaling pathways regulated by NF-?B2 and confirm alterations at the protein level. Finally, we will perform exome sequencing followed by state-of-the-art bioinformatic analysis to investigate pathways regulated by NF-?B2, identify and phenotype additional CVID patients with noncanonical NF-?B defects, and discover new disease-causing variants. The research proposed here will allow me to combine my clinical skills with thorough training in cutting-edge genomic and molecular analysis. It will position me at the forefront of the genetic revolution.
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For more than 100 years, students have come to MTSU for the academics and atmosphere. Click on the links to find out why.
Many choices allow students to pursue dreams and prepare for life. Click on the links to proceed.
More than 200 student organizations, a variety of activities and events, resource and support services, and exciting athletic events all add up to many choices. Click a link for even more ideas.
Detailed information helps different categories of students (freshmen, transfer, etc.) through the admissions process. Click on the links to get started.
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provide general education through exposure and exploration of natural sciences, applied sciences, and mathematics;
provide hands-on experience with state-of-the-art materials and equipment;
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The MTSU Microanalysis and Imaging Center (MIMIC) is a core microscopy center jointly operated by the College of Basic and Applied Sciences and the College of Graduate Studies.
Training in electron microscopy (EM) techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray analysis is obtained by a trio of laboratory courses that are offered every year to undergraduate and graduate students: Scanning Electron Microscopy, BIOL 4290/6290; Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, BIOL 4360/5360; and Transmission Electron Microscopy, BIOL 4270/6410 . The courses teach sample preparation, instrument theory, and hands on training on the electron microscopes and ancillary equipment.
Following are the college departments/schools with a listing of programs offered. | http://catalog.mtsu.edu/content.php?catoid=23&navoid=4184 |
Genetic differentiation between bitter and sweet asafetida plants using ISSR markers.
Bitter (Ferula pseudalliacea) and sweet (Ferula assa-foetida) asafetida (Apiaceae family) are well-known economic and medicinal herbs owing to their gum. This study investigates genetic differentiation of F. pseudalliacea and F. assa-foetida using ISSR markers, to determine the effective primer and to assess the possibility of separating sweet and bitter plant populations from each other. Results showed that among 22 primers, eight markers reproduced obvious DNA patterns and revealed 234 scorable DNA bands. ISSR-16 and ISSR-55 primers had better performance than other primers according to the number of bands, PIC and Marker Index. Bitter population showed polymorphic loci (224), percentage of polymorphic loci (95.73%) and observed number of alleles (1.96 ± 0.2), while sweet populations showed the amount of these parameters as 218, 93.16% and 1.93 ± 0.25, respectively. Estimated Gst of sweet population was 0.09 and Gst of bitter population was 0.06. Comparing gene flow in bitter and sweet populations showed a lower level of gene flow between sweet populations (Nm = 4.93) compared to bitter ones (Nm = 7.89). Within group genetic similarity of sweet asafetida population was higher than between group variation of bitter and sweet populations. The highest similarity was observed between bitter populations (0.95). The highest genetic dissimilarity was also estimated between bitter and sweet populations (0.08). Cluster analysis grouped four studied populations into 13 clusters using Jaccard's similarity coefficient and UPGMA method. Principal coordinate analysis showed that 61.02% of total variance was explained using three components and it could completely separate populations as well as cluster analysis. These grouping correspond nearly with geographical distribution. Analysis of molecular variance showed that genetic variation within populations (87%) was more than among populations (13%). The results indicated that ISSR marker is suitable to investigate genetic diversity of asafetida populations and could separate populations of the same genera with similar germplasm.
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Karen Wimhurst has been a long term committed community artist and educator. Working with babies and mothers through to the elderly, her work has been the subject of the Lillian Baylis Lecture, ENO, Radio 3 and 4 features and documentaries. She has run programmes for English National Opera, Welsh National Opera, Scottish Chamber Orchestra and was resident composer on the Confluence Project with Common Ground 1999-2001. She specialises in teaching composition across the board, opening up creative resources which people may never have imagined!
Collaborative compositions with the elderly have been featured at the Wigmore Hall, the War Museum, the Wellcome Trust. In recent years she has written widely for children and young people with works commissioned by WNO, SoundStorm, Scottish Chamber Orchestra, Manchester Camerata, the Pound Arts Centre and Common Ground.
Primary Education and Music
Karen leads creative workshops in primary school such as the Ukulele Composition project where each child composed their own piece which was eventually released on a CD.
Working with AUB - Arts University Bournemouth and
Modip - The Museum of Design in Plastics
In 2018 Karen was artist in residence at MoDiP and created a workshop series culminating in w-Rap a project which took her into local schools to run workshops for Year 9 - 13 children. The work explored the use and implications of single use plastics and focused on reusing discarded plastic in a musical context, to create instruments and sound and compose new music. The children created a show called w-Rap which was performed at AUB.
Pippin Project
This series of workshops were commissioned by Pound Arts in 2014, for artist Scot Farlow working alongside Karen Wimhurst and film artist Penny Ellis. Working across primary Schools in Wiltshire and South Gloucestershire, the team planted new orchards with primary school children in their school grounds creating artwork, original sound, poems, and bespoke wasailing songs and ceremonies to celebrate these orchards. | https://www.karenwimhurst.co.uk/educationinprojects |
The human resource department is the most important department of any company or corporation. Although it is true that the sales department brings in revenues for the company and the accounting department records and analyzes all of the company’s financial transactions, but any business organization is nothing without the right people: and the HR department makes sure the company employs the most intelligent and most qualified personnel.
All business organizations, either small enterprises or large corporations, need a strategic plan. If you are tasked by management or by human resource to create a human resource strategic plan, here are some examples (in PDF format) you will definitely find useful.
Listed below are the essential components of a human resource strategic plan. Take note that you can add other sections as well depending on the purpose of your plan.
A human resource strategic plan is basically a plan created by management in collaboration with the human resource department to lay out the HR strategies that the said company will be imploring in the succeeding months or years. A strategic plan also analyzes the company’s internal and external issues and looks for solutions to solve those issues.
A vision statement does not only apply in a company-wide perspective, but it can also be created by departments within a company especially if it aims to achieve specific goals. In this scenario, a human resource strategic plan is created by the HR department in collaboration or in partnership with top management.
The vision statement of a human resource strategic plan is written similarly to any kind of vision statement. It is a long-term goal that is short and concise, and goes directly to the point on what the department wants to achieve. Since strategic plans always undergo revisions, the vision statement might change as well, but it should not steer away too much from the company’s vision statement or goals.
Here is an example of a vision statement for a human resource strategic plan:
This strategic plan aims to eradicate employee issues and further strengthen employee-employer relations.
Here is another example of a vision statement you may want to apply for your strategic plan:
The long-term goal of the human resource department is to reduce the employee turnover or attrition rate to less than 5%, and eventually eradicating all types of turnover issues within the company.
The mission statement is always attached to the vision statement, and there can be no mission statement if a vision statement is not formulated or written. The mission statement can also be interpreted as “company objectives,” in which the mission statement lists down how the vision will be achieved. The vision statement focuses on the future, while the mission statement focuses on the present and how to achieve that future.
Listing down the mission statement is beneficial for a human resource strategic plan. The mission statement specifies what needs to be accomplished and the priority actions of the human resource department.
Here is an example of a mission statement of a human resource strategic plan:
To achieve the human resource department’s long-term goal to reduce and eventually eradicate employee turnover rate, the HR department will be working on the following actions:
The final recommendations of the human resource strategic plan will result from the analysis that were applied in the strategic plan. The analysis will stem from the strategies that were used. There are numerous strategic planning methods that companies can implore. Among the methods include SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, Porter’s five forces, growth-share matrix, and balanced scorecard. Porter’s five forces, growth-share matrix, and balanced scorecard can be omitted since they focus more on profitability.
That leaves us with SWOT analysis and PESTLE analysis. Both strategic planning methods are useful for a human resource strategic plan. PESTLE analysis studies the external environment while SWOT analysis focuses on both the internal and external environment.
Although it is not mandatory to use both PESTLE and SWOT analysis in the human resource strategic plan, you will achieve better and more detailed results if you apply the two strategic planning methods. Companies use PESTLE and SWOT analysis to analyze the entire internal and external environment, so be careful to only identify internal and external factors that relate to human resource (for example, employees, policies that relate to performance and productivity, labor laws, taxes, etc.).
Here is an example of a SWOT analysis for a human resource strategic plan. Take note that this is only a sample and the details of each item in the SWOT analysis are not specified below.
Strengths (internal)
Weaknesses (internal)
Opportunities (external)
Threats (external)
The action plan is the result of the analysis stemming from the strategic planning methods that were used. The action plan is how the strategic plan will be implemented. After the issues have been identified, action plans will be formulated and will be put into action.
This is the most basic task of any individual working in human resource department. Although it is unfortunate that recruitment is only the job being associated with HR people, it isn’t. It is only one of the many tasks they work on a daily basis.
Every job applicant, whether he gets hired or not, goes through the human resource department. It is the main priority of the human resource department to hire the most qualified applicants, but most of the time it is easier said than done. Sometimes, qualified applicants choose another firm or don’t even respond to the job offer being offered by your company. This leaves with you the dilemma of settling with a lesser qualified applicant or wait it out until another applicant submits his CV.
Employee motivation is also one of the main tasks of the human resource department. Together with management, they formulate policies to keep employees motivated and productive. Among the methods to keep employees motivated include giving out rewards (monetary, gifts, etc.) and sponsoring team or company-wide activities.
Even though human resource personnel are not directly involved in the operations of other departments, they have to make sure all the employees regardless of what department are productive on a consistent basis.
The human resource department also aims to create a positive working environment for all employees in the company. To achieve this, HR people do counseling and discuss with employees their issues or other problems being encountered in the office.
Although being a counselor is not part of a human resource personnel’s job description, it is an unwritten task that all HR people have to do eventually. Most HR people have a background in psychology one way or the other, so counseling should be a task they are already familiar with.
A human resource strategy plan is a vital component for any functioning human resource department. It is, after all, the human resource department which hires and keeps the important employees around, and motivates them enough to keep them performing at a high level.
We hope the examples we provided will help you create your own human resource strategic plan. Every organization needs an HR strategic plan for various reasons: retain employees, improve employee performance, amend HR company policies, or adapt HR software. The importance of a human resource strategic plan cannot be understated for any business organization, especially if it wants to achieve long-term sustainability while hiring and retaining the most qualified personnel. The most successful companies formulate and adhere to the details listed in the HR strategic plan. | https://www.examples.com/business/hr-strategic-plan-templates.html |
Sam Sacks,
The Wall Street Journal
This is narrative in the full-throated, small-D democratic spirit of John Dos Passos, moving among a huge cast of interconnected characters, from the city’s pushover mayor to an itinerant pole-dancer who makes a killing at the pop-up strip club catering to the platoons of oil riggers with unaccustomed cash to burn ... However rigorously grounded in research,
Yellow Earth
is at heart a fable about capitalism in its purest form ... The finest passages illustrate how far the siren song can travel ... It’s easy to feel lost in a novel with this much sprawl. Complex information—historical, political, legal, environmental, geological—is sprayed with fire-hose force and volume. But Mr. Sayles writes with such verve and colloquial humor that even the most esoteric issues brighten with fascination ... Mr. Sayles superbly dramatizes the man-made disruptions in his novel’s small pond, but in a book motored by anarchy the most unsettling section occurs when the boom goes bust, bringing
Yellow Earth
to a surprisingly quiet conclusion: the depiction of a modern-day ghost town.
Read Full Review >>
Rave
Caden Mark Gardner,
Hyperallergic
... an exceptional treat. Through a cast of individualized but relatable characters, Sayles paints a vivid picture of a region and the reverberations of its history into the present ... Sayles’s dry wit and cynicism crackle in both the narration and dialogue. The author’s sprawling historical fiction recalls E.L. Doctorow and William Kennedy, and
Yellow Earth
is replete with astute exchanges that address power dynamics around law, government, big business, and minority communities ...
Yellow Earth
is a return to form for Sayles, hitting his sweet spot of historical fiction that is dense and compelling. His knack for capturing the character of a region and the real-life ramifications of political and social issues made reading this book feel like overhearing conversations happening all around the country. It’s clear that what ultimately makes Sayles such a skilled artist and wordsmith is that he is always listening in.
Read Full Review >>
Rave
Keith Contorno,
Chicago Review of Books
Sayles’s scrawl achieves a sensational pace. It is the impressive result of a comprehensive portrayal...and an incredible amount of layering, symbolism, and ideology. There is an urgency to
Yellow Earth
, and Sayles wastes no words. In many ways,
Yellow Earth
reads like a Victorian novel. Themes of industrialization, utilitarianism, and the struggles of the working people make appearances in their twenty-first century forms. There is an interminable band of characters ... The result is a deep and tremendous account of rural America. Sayles is brilliant, illustrating the psyche of truckers, farmers, and ranchers with a precision that makes the book suitable for use in history and American studies ... Sayles is able to include a startling display of toxic masculinity, which becomes one of the story’s larger themes. The magic of
Yellow Earth
is that it doesn’t feel didactic or like an overdone parable. Rather, Sayles fills his work with contradictions. The competing perspectives and ideologies manifest through the characters’ colloquial conversations, inner dialogue, and motivations.
Read Full Review >>
Positive
Tom Keogh,
The Seattle Times
... ambitious, incisive ... The believable and culturally diverse characters in
Yellow Earth
, all unknowingly buffeted by the same obscure oligarchs and corrupt forces, suggest a lot about the author’s faith in the sweeping possibilities of a novel. He pleases a reader in that way, but he can also go off the rails, sometimes, while exploring niche subjects ... But those occasional sections of
Yellow Earth
, where a reader might glaze over for a moment, are forgiven in light of the way that all sides in the larger story crash in on themselves at the climax.
Read Full Review >>
Positive
Seth Katz,
Slant
... [Sayles's] rare ability to inhabit the intersecting perspectives, motivations, and desires of a diverse dramatis personae is in full evidence in his new novel ... Recalling Upton Sinclair’s
Oil!
in its canny political observations and vivid descriptions of drilling and extraction techniques,
Yellow Earth
is about the economic stratification, moral corruption, and opportunistic exploitation fomented by capitalism ... While most of Sayles’s characters are morally compromised, rather than purely good or evil, he’s guilty here of crafting a cartoon villain: Brent Skiles, a steroidal, Ayn Rand-quoting drug runner ... More compelling are less prominent characters ... When taken together, the sequence of chapters creates not a sense of omniscience, but of kaleidoscopic subjectivity. Without falling prey to false 'both sides' equivocation, Sayles masterfully balances and gives fair hearings to competing agendas and doesn’t shy away from the ugly side of human nature; by the same token, he doesn’t give in to cynicism or despair. What animates his fiction is curiosity about different kinds of people and their experiences, and an imagination expansive enough to portray their inner lives. He doesn’t fetishize diversity, but his stories are naturally diverse as a result of his engaged interest in the world around him. Now entering the fifth decade of his career, Sayles remains a standard-bearer for the American novel.
Read Full Review >>
Rave
Donna Seaman,
Booklist
Sayles animates a vibrant and complex cast of diverse individuals caught in an extraction boom driven by greed and hope ... Sayles’ alternating narrators propel a busy, engrossing, and purposeful plot steered by both suspenseful action and intricate emotion. Aligned with T. C. Boyle in his penetrating perception of our place in nature and Tom Wolfe in his rambunctious satire, Sayles is adept at vital detail and dialogue, guided by a keen social perspective, centered by an edgy sense of humor, and inspired by empathy.
Read Full Review >>
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October 29, 2020
Irish author Julia O’Faolain has died
at 88.
Patricia Lockwood on Vladimir Nabokov’s novels
, interviews, and opinions.
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President David Granger appears to be strengthening his Ministry of the Presidency, by shifting Ministers into the Ministry with new portfolios.
Just weeks after shifting the Education Minister to the Ministry of the Presidency as Minister of Public Service, the President today confirmed that Minister within the Ministry of Communities, Dawn Hastings, will also be shifted to the Ministry of the Presidency. She will serve the Ministry as Minister of Public Affairs.
It is not quite clear what the portfolio of Public Affairs will entail, however, when questioned about the move this morning, President Granger said Minister Hastings heading into the Ministry of the Presidency is a continuation of the process of rebalancing, adding that “it is a question of my own judgement. I continuously have to evaluate the workload of every Ministry and there is a continuous process of ensuring that the Government works well.”
News Source understands that senior government functionaries were encouraging the President to make Hastings the Minister within the Ministry of Education with responsibility for Youth, Sport and Culture.
Following the removal of Dr. Roopnarine from the Education Ministry, the junior Minister, Nicolette Henry, has been balancing the portfolios of Education and Youth, Sport and Culture.
Since taking office in 2015, President Granger has shifted around a number of Ministers. Minister Simona Broomes was one of the first to be shifted across to a new portfolio. She was relieved of the Labour portfolio under Social Protection and ended up at the Ministry of Natural Resources as its Junior Minister.
Minister Cathy Hughes was shuttled across from the Ministry of Tourism to take up the new portfolio as Minister of Public Telecommunications. Dr. George Norton was moves as Minister of Public Health and now has the portfolio of Minister of Social Cohesion in the Ministry of the Presidency. Minister Amna Ally was shifted from the Ministry of Social Cohesion to the Ministry of Social Protection and Minister Volda Lawrence was shifted across from the Social Protection Ministry to head the Ministry of Public Health.
Except for Hughes and Dr. Roopnarine, all of the other Ministers, who have been shifted around by the President, are senior members of the People’s National Congress, which is the largest party in the coalition government.
There have been calls for the President to relieve a number of other Ministers of their current portfolios, but he has not answered those calls that are related to Ministers who are from the Alliance for Change which is the other partner in the coalition. | https://newssourcegy.com/news/dawn-hastings-shifted-to-ministry-of-the-presidency-as-minister-of-public-affairs/ |
Budget 2019: What exactly will it mean for your pocket?
Cliff Taylor: Basic gains for taxpayers come in below €5 a week, though some will gain more
The impact of the budget on people’s income will generally be modest. The gains will vary significantly depending on your circumstances. For a €50,000 single earner, the basic income tax and USC changes will yield around €280, or €4.50 a week. Some other groups will gain €5 or a bit more.
For a significant number of people increases in specific allowances will raise the weekly gains. The most significant is the €300 a year rise in the home carer tax credit, worth €5.77 a week to a partner at home minding children or an elderly relative. So the biggest gainers will be those who benefit from these two allowances which, together with the basic increases, can lead to gains for €14 a week for those on middle incomes.
Remember, too, that with the improving economy, many people will get wage increases and that to ensure tax does not take a higher proportion of their income, credits and allowances would have to be indexed for wage inflation. The reliefs granted have not, in general, gone this far.
Basic welfare gains are €5 a week. In addition, increased numbers will qualify for schemes and payments such as the affordable childcare schemes, which will make a much more significant increase to some families.
There aren’t too many losers, apart from the beleaguered smoker, those buying diesel cars and the likelihood that the VAT increase will lead to higher prices for a meal out or a night in a hotel. Here are what the main measures mean for your pocket:
Income tax changes:
The entry point to the higher 40 per cent tax band has been increased by €750, bringing it to €35,300 for a single earner and €44,300 for a married couple with one earner. To benefit fully from this change you need to earn over the level of the new limits. The gain is €150 a year or around €2.88 a week.
Podcast: Budget 2019
Some tax credits have also been increased. The credit for home carers – available to those who stay at home to mind children or an older person – is increased by €300 to €1,500. And the self-employed tax credit – called the earned income credit – rises by €200 to €1,350. Credits are straight cash gains for those who qualify. Tax relief for landlords is also being widened to allow them to claim 100 per cent of the interest paid on the mortgage.
USC
Changes in the USC will affect large numbers of taxpayers. The main 4.75 per cent rate, which applies on incomes between €19,300 and €70,000 will fall by 0.25 of a point to 4.5 per cent, To get the maximum benefit from this – €127 a year – you need to earn at least €70,000. A €50,000 earner will gain €77 and a €35,000 earner will get €39.25. The entry point to the 2 per cent USC rate has been increased by €500 to around €12,500, meaning those on the increased minimum wage will not have to pay.
Welfare
Welfare rates are to rise by €5 a week across the board. But while taxpayers will benefit from January, the welfare rises will be paid from next March. Some specific measures will lead to higher benefits for some, including an increase in the income disregard for the one-parent family payment and also the working-family payment. There was also an increase of €2.20 a week for children aged up to 12 and €5.20 for those aged 12 to 18 in the qualified child increase, paid in respect of children for people on welfare.
Childcare
The income level for families to qualify for the affordable childcare scheme is being increased. It offers subsidies of up to €145 per week in certain cases. A new paid parental leave scheme will be introduced in November 2019 to provide two extra weeks’ leave to every parent of a child in their first year.
Healthcare
More people will get GP-only medical cards as income limits to qualify rise by €25 a week. For example, the current weekly limit for a couple is €276 for a single person and €400 for a couple, and rises if they have children. There is also a 50 cent reduction in prescription charges to €1.50.
Inheritance tax
A small gain is coming for those expecting an inheritance from a parent. The amount they can inherit tax free has increased from €310,000 to €320,000. The inheritance tax rate is 33 per cent, so that savings on inheritances of €320,000 or more from a parent to a child will be €3,333.
The losers – smokers, people eating out and those buying diesel cars
There is a 50 cent rise on the price of a standard pack of 20 cigarettes. The minimum price will also rise, meaning there will be higher increases on cheap. Smokers are again the losers – and retailers are complaining.
As an extra revenue raiser – and environmental measure – the Minister has also slapped a 1 per cent levy on VRT for diesel cars, which will push up the price of new vehicles.
And the rise in VAT for the hospitality sector will be likely to knock on in increased prices for those eating out. | https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/budget-2019-what-exactly-will-it-mean-for-your-pocket-1.3656984 |
A new study says that better-educated people are less apt to recognize their conservative leanings. Corbis
July 16, 2010
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A new study out of England's University of Leicester has found that well-educated people often consider themselves more liberal than they truly are. Dr James Rockey, the political economics lecturer who led the research, concluded that college graduates were less able to recognize their own conservative tendencies than those who had left school at 16. Here's a concise guide to his findings:
How was the study conducted?Rockey's data is based on surveys of 136,000 people in 48 countries, conducted between 1981 and 2008. Respondents were asked to rate themselves on a ten-point scale, with 1 being "left-wing" and 10 being "right-wing." The results were then compared with the subjects' responses to specific questions about their politics (for instance, how they think a country's collective wealth should be distributed), reports The Guardian, "to determine how closely the participants' own perception matched their real position on the ideological spectrum."
What exactly did the study find?College graduates typically perceived themselves to be more liberal than their responses to Rockey's questions would suggest. Those whose formal education ended at 16 were arguably more self-aware when it came to accurately assessing their ideological leanings.
Why does Rockey think this happened?He postulates two explanations: First, "that people compare themselves not to the population as a whole but to the people they know; and second, that real political preferences (as opposed to one's political self-image) "change over time." Someone who marched for left-wing causes in the 60s might still identify as a liberal, even if his current political views are quite conservative.
What are the limitations of the study?Since it surveyed individuals from 48 countries, it doesn't specifically reflect the U.S. electorate's definitions of liberal and conservative. Hot Air's Allahpundit says that U.S. voters "are verrrrry reluctant to describe themselves as 'liberal.'" Only 22 percent applied that term to themselves in a 2008 survey, though election results show that a much larger percentage voted Democrat. But a larger problem is that words like "liberal" are highly subjective: Clearly, says Allahpundit, "political labels aren’t a pure function of policy choices but carry all sorts of cultural and emotional baggage with them."
| |
Tutorial 12: Smokin’ Bullet with Effector
In this tutorial you will learn how to use Effectors to create a smoke trail behind a bullet.
For this tutorial please load Tut_12_start.max scene in your 3ds max.
In this scene we have a bullet flying through a FumeFX Grid. We want to create smoke based on velocity; specifically we want to create smoke in areas of high velocity. Later in this tutorial we'll be asked to specify velocity ranges in which we want smoke to be created. So our first task is to find out these values.
Open the FumeFX UI and select theGeneral tab and under the Output rollout and click on the Set button. Add Velocity to the list of Exporting Channels.
Run a simulation and stop it after 20 frames.
Select the FumeFX grid and open 3ds max's Modify panel. Turn on Enable Display and turn on Velocities. You can switch to front viewport to get a better view.
As you move the frame slider, you can see velocities change in the grid, driven by the motion of the bullet.
Now adjust Velocities Min and Max values to include only high velocities. Make sure to include velocities in the area right in front of the bullet. Good values for Min/Max are 2.5/3.0.
Now that we know the velocity range we are interested in, we can proceed to setting the values in our effector.
Go to the Helpers section of the Create Command Panel and choose FumeFX.
Next, select an Effector from the list and drag it out into any of the viewports.
Now, we need to connect the effector to the FumeFX grid. Open the FumeFX UI, switch to the obj/src tab, and pick FFX Effector01, adding it to the list.
We want this Effector to apply throughout the grid, so change it's Shape to Free.
Inside Effector parameters, type in a Channel name you will use to bind the Effector to FumeFX. In this case, we'll name it „smokeEff“. Bind this effector to the Smoke Master Effector, so will be operating on the smoke channel – we'll be adding smoke to the simulation.
Set Input type to Velocity and set Range Min and Max to 2.5 and 3.0 respectively. Now we've specified where we want smoke to be created.
Next set Output type to Replace and Scalar to 10.0.
Here are a few tips on input type ranges. If the Output Value AFC is disabled, voxels with velocities below Range Min will have their smoke density set to 0.0 (which will effectivly erase smoke from them). Voxels with velocities above Range Max will have their smoke density set to 10.0, and voxels with velocities falling between range min and range max will have their smoke density lineary interpolated between 0 and 10.
That's not what we want; we want smoke to be created only in areas which don't contain smoke (in other words, empty voxels) and we want the rest of the grid unchanged.
Enable Smoke in the Test group and set Min/Max to 0.0/0.001. This condition is tested for every voxel and the Effector is applied only if all test conditions are met.
Optionally, we can change the Output Value AFC; there is no need for the output to be lineary interpolated between range min and range max. Open Output Value AFC and try to match it to the image below, or load Tut_12_Effector_Output_Value.afc .
Observe that the AFC achieves maximum value in the entire range, except near the left end. That's because the value AFC achieves in 0 is used for voxels with velocity below range min (clearly we don't want smoke to be created in such voxels).
Next switch to sim tab, scroll down to the Smoke rollout, click on Master Effector and select smokeEff from the '...' button menu.
Before starting simulation, you can remove velocity from the list of exporting channels.
Now run simulation on the entire range; it should take about 10 minutes. | http://docs.afterworks.com/FumeFX4max/Tutorial%2012%20Smokin%20Bullet.htm |
The little-studied glacier in East Antarctica holds enough ice to raise global sea level by more than 11 feet.
As the winds around Antarctica intensify with rising global temperatures, they're driving changes in the ocean that could speed up the flow of the massive Totten Glacier, which carries ice from East Antarctica into the ocean, adding to sea level rise, a new study says.
Along the coast, surface winds are projected to intensify over the century due to warming caused by increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. The stronger winds can sweep aside a surface layer of very cold ocean water and enable warmer water from the depths to reach the base of the glacier's floating ice shelf and slowly eat away at the ice from below, the authors say.
The new study, published today in the journal Science Advances, used detailed ocean temperature records and 15 years of data on the movement of the Totten Glacier and ice shelf to show how the ice thins and accelerates in response to changes in the wind.
The expected changes in wind patterns during the 21st century, "due in part to human activity ... could drive Totten's retreat," the researchers concluded.
If the Totten Glacier were to melt completely, it could raise global sea level by 3.5 meters (11.4 feet) or more, they wrote.
Antarctica is covered by ice that's several miles thick in places. Glaciers form as gravity pulls the ice toward the sea. When the glaciers reach the ocean, they become massive floating ice shelves that slow the ocean-bound flow. The system was relatively stable until greenhouse gases and other pollution disrupted the climate system.
Scientists had documented a strengthening and poleward shift of the circumpolar westerly winds from the mid-1960s to the 1990s and attributed it to the ozone hole, said John King, science leader for atmosphere, ice and climate with the British Antarctic Survey. The ozone is recovering now, but King said climate models show that increasing greenhouse gas pollution will have a similar effect during the 21st century.
"The mechanisms behind the greenhouse gas forcing are complex. Certainly the subtropical highs move southwards as the westerlies move, but the ultimate cause is probably greater heating of the tropical and subtropical atmosphere relative to mid and high latitudes as the Southern Ocean is able to absorb much of the increased heating at these latitudes," King said.
The new study doesn't project a meltdown date for Totten Glacier, but it does mirror recent research from West Antarctica, said the study's lead author, Chad Greene, a climate researcher at the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics. In both regions, data suggest that intensifying winds push warmer water toward ice shelves.
There's been more research around the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, mainly because it's more accessible, so scientists have better data to work with when they warn of a possible large-scale meltdown that could raise sea level higher and more quickly than expected. Recent studies show long-term trends in thinning of the ice shelves there.
The new study on the Totten ice system is one of the few to start tracking similar dynamics in East Antarctica.
Some of the data on ocean temperatures near the ice came from an ocean probe that was deployed near the front of the Totten Glacier for about 14 months starting in 2015. It was the first time such an instrument had been used in that region simply because it's so hard to get to, Greene said. "The sea ice keeps ships from getting in there," he said. The 2015 Aurora Australis expedition mapped troughs along the sea floor that could channel warmer water from the depths to the ice shelf, and it detected water temperatures in some areas above the freezing point for the salt water.
"The new study shows warm water persists year-round and that variations in ocean temperature on the shelf are linked to changes in winds near the shelf break," said Australian climate researcher Esmee van Wijk, who analyzes ocean data from remote instruments and ships.
It's important to understand the processes at work because of the amount of ice that glaciers like Totten holds. And while nobody is talking about a quick meltdown scenario, people in low-lying areas, like Florida and Bangladesh, need to know if the ocean is going to rise several feet this century.
"East Antarctica has been ignored. People talk about it as the sleeping giant, in terms of potential sea level rise. The Totten Glacier is the one we should be trying to monitor," said David Gwyther, a climate scientist at the University of Tasmania, Australia who was part of the research team. | https://insideclimatenews.org/news/01112017/east-antarctica-totten-glacier-melting-winds-warm-ocean-sea-level-rise-study |
Thirty-four lenders passed the stress test last year, while Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley received conditional approvals that limited their capital distributions.
Washington: The Federal Reserve moved on Tuesday to make its stress-testing of large banks more transparent, providing financial firms significantly more information about how their portfolios would perform under potential economic shocks.
During the 2019 round of stress tests and going forward, big banks will know "significantly more" information about the models the US central bank uses to test banks' books, including how hypothetical loans perform under the tests and more detailed information about the Fed's models.
The 2019 tests will include factoring in a jump to 10 percent unemployment from the current 4 percent rate, as well as elevated stress in corporate loan and commercial real estate markets in the most severe scenario.
The transparency changes, first proposed by the Fed in December 2017 and finalised on Tuesday, are aimed at long-running bank complaints that the current stress-testing process is cumbersome and opaque.
In addition, less complex banks with assets between $100 billion and $250 billion, such as SunTrust Banks and Fifth Third Bancorp will not have to face the 2019 tests, as the Fed is moving to a two-year cycle for testing those firms.
The industry had been tracking the 2019 testing closely, as Fed officials have said they would like to make the tests more accommodating, amid bank gripes that prior rounds have been overly harsh and resource-intensive.
The steps the Fed is taking to make the testing more transparent should address some of those concerns, although proponents of stricter rules on Wall Street caution too much transparency could allow banks to mask underlying risks by gaming the exam.
The annual test of bank stability subjects the books of large banks like JPMorgan Chase and Citigroup to hypothetical economic downturns to ensure they can withstand the blow without collapsing. The tests vary slightly every year, as the Fed probes for weak points in bank finances, and become more difficult as the economy improves.
"We are confident this scenario will effectively test the resiliency of the nation's largest banks," said Randal Quarles, the Fed's vice chair for supervision.
The stress tests are a major yearly event for those firms, as they cannot distribute capital through dividends, share buybacks, or other investments without clearing that Fed hurdle.
Thirty-four lenders passed the test last year, while Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley received conditional approvals that limited their capital distributions. The US subsidiary for Deutsche Bank had its capital plan rejected by the Fed. | https://in.finance.yahoo.com/news/fed-gives-banks-more-stress-054508030.html |
Aiichiro Yamamoto, ECDPM Great Insights magazine, Spring/Summer 2019 Special Edition (Volume 8, Issue 2 & 3).
Dear EU leaders,
When I was based in Brussels as Chief Representative of JICA to the EU, I regularly visited the EU Public Information Centre located next to the ECDPM office. One day I picked up a pamphlet that opened with the paragraph, “After decades of war that cost millions of lives, the foundation of the European Union (EU) marked the beginning of a new era where European countries solve their problems by talking, not by fighting.” This struck me very deeply.
Indeed, EU member states have never fought a war among themselves since the end of World WarⅡ. Some people mock the EU as a talking shop. What’s wrong with that? The most dangerous thing is when countries stop talking. History tells us that it’s time for a war. Were we in the Middle Ages today, British and Continental Europeans might well fight another Guerre de Cent Ans over Brexit. Thank you EU for talking and talking.
The next question is, “talking to who?” Any organisation is susceptible to two kinds of pressures: pressure from the inside and pressure from the outside. From within, the EU is experiencing a huge surge in pressure from member states, from industries, from bankers, investors, pensioners, unemployed youth and citizens. They clamour for the EU to take more action, to display more leadership, for more democracy, transparency, or whatever they are unhappy about. I think internal pressure generally weakens an organisation, more than external pressure. Internal pressure tends to provoke an attitude of simply catering to members’ concerns, to placate them, without considering long-term ramifications and inconsistencies.
Growing populism and populistic policies emerging in Europe is a case in point. It shows us how internal pressure can disrupt the governance of an organisation. This is happening in the EU at present. External pressure, in contrast, tends to strengthen the cohesiveness of members, because they instinctively move to protect their organisation.
So my suggestion is that the EU should focus more on the external pressure and try to solve it. While the world becomes more and more inward looking, with the emergence and re-emergence of populism, nationalism, xenophobia and even anti-Semitism, in many parts of Europe and America, the threats we face, such as climate change, terrorism, pandemics and cyber-crime, are more and more borderless and global, ironically. To address such global threats, the EU must be more cohesive and united in its policies and external actions. The EU needs to talk more to those outside the Union sphere. Before doing so, member states must coordinate their policies and priorities. Among the member states this will help rebuild trust, which has been seriously impaired during the lengthy internal disputes and confrontations over issues ranging from fiscal austerity to democracy, immigration and Brexit.
The EU has had, until now, a wonderful instrument called Global Europe that third countries and international organisations do not possess. It is a budget heading with €2.3 billion earmarked for development assistance, humanitarian aid, peace and security, climate change and other international issues happening in the world outside the EU. I am curious to see what will happen to this instrument in the next long-term budget.
The EU was a role model in discourses on effectiveness and coordination of development assistance, which was my previous profession. Development assistance is a typical area of shared competence in which the EU and member states can implement programmes in parallel. But in the interest of the partner countries that receive aid from both the EU and its member states, the EU has worked hard in the past decade to coordinate its aid with that of member states through skilfully crafted coordination tools like joint programming, blending of development finance and delegated cooperation.
It is easier to coordinate member states on external action than on internal issues, because conflicts of interest between member states are less likely to occur there than on domestic issues. No member states oppose giving aid to poor countries. No member states are complacent about climate change. No member states welcome terrorism or pandemics.
Therefore, I strongly suggest that in these times of internal disruption, the EU look more vigorously towards the third world. Japan is an ideal partner to work with, if the EU wishes to become more global. The Japan-EU Strategic Partnership Agreement was concluded in July 2018. Now we have a legally binding platform to discuss and take joint Japan-EU action spanning various pressing issues.
Hey Europeans (hopefully including Brits), it’s time to put quarrels about internal issues to rest and talk to people outside! Japan and the world are counting on you. | https://ecdpm.org/great-insights/dear-europe-letters-around-world/letter-from-japan/ |
offended - That's what you feel if your friend doesn't invite you to their wedding., homesick - That's what you feel when you went to study abroad and you really miss your family and friends., disappointed - That's when you don't get a job you were hoping to get., lonely - That's when you move to a new town and don't have any friends., proud - That's when someone in your family wins an important prize., nervous - You are going to talk in public for the first time in your life., grateful - A stranger gives you a lot of help with your problem., shocked - You discover that you have a brother you had never known about., relieved - You're abroad and you think that somebody has stolen your passport and then you find it., stunned - very surprised and unable to move or to react, devastated - extremely upset, delighted - very pleased, thrilled - very excited, astonished - amazed, very surprised, desperate - with little hope, and ready to do anything to improve the situation, overwhelmed - feeling such strong emotions that you don't know how to react, bewildered - extremely confused, horrified - extremely shocked or disgusted, to be scared stiff - terrified, down - sad or depressed, shattered - exhausted, gobsmacked - astonished, sick of - fed up or irritated, gutted - very disappointed,
NEF Upper-intermediate Vocabulary 5A Feelings
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"Sometimes I feel that according to my physical condition, I can still play two or three seasons, but I don't have enough energy for it since taking up the coach position," she admitted.
嚘 10-20
Sheffield United's striker Oliver McBurnie could have made it 2-0 for the home team in the 79th minute but his promising header bounced off the crossbar of Dusan Kuciak's goal.
垁 10-19
Those who opted for the shorter distances had the chance to enjoy a sunny day with temperatures close to 20 degrees Celsius, but on Sunday, the race was held under heavy gray clouds and scattered rain showers. The temperature also dropped to around 13 degrees Celsius.
煶 10-18
The Swiss need a positive result from their visit to Madrid after losing to Ukraine and being held at home by Germany, but with players such as Granit Xhaka in their side they are likely to provide another stiff test for Spain. Enditem
茕 10-17
First reports speak of the current Formula 2 driver getting offered a seat in Formula 1 for next year's racing series. Rumors talk of Alfa Romeo signing the young German aside from Kimi Raikkonen.
柕 10-16
The Heat led for most of the game, thanks to brilliant performances from Butler and Robinson, but the Lakers came roaring back in the fourth quarter to take the lead behind the outstanding play of James.
澳 10-15
Back from a treatment following a hard fall, Xing converted a four-point play, highlighting Shanxi's scoring run that pulled itself within two points at the break.
弤 10-14
Sichuan led 42-22 in paint points, and scored 15 points in fast breaks.
忕 10-13
LIMA, Oct. 12 (Xinhua) -- Forwards Raul Ruidiaz and Alex Valera will miss Peru's 2022 World Cup qualifier against Brazil after confirmation of positive COVID-19 tests on Monday. | http://www.ahtjzz.cn/eduSitemapcfhc0llq.html |
CINCINNATI, OH (FOX19) - Steve Horstmeyer says he is not not exaggerating when he says that the next 10 days will bring a wild ride on the weather roller coaster to Cincinnati.
It begins Thursday morning when a mix of rain, snow and ice hit the Tri-State. Well before noon the precipitation should transition to rain.
The next thrill on the roller coaster arrives Saturday. Again, the precipitation looks like it will begin as a mix of rain and snow, no ice this time. During the day the mix changes to rain then during the evening an arctic air mass begins to invade the Ohio Valley. The rain will change to accumulating snow and as temperatures plunge into the teens, driving early Sunday could become quite difficult.
The snow will end Sunday morning and temperatures will continue to plunge, headed for the wrong side of zero by Monday morning with wind chills as cold as -15 degrees.
The middle of next week brings another rain/snow event.
Copyright 2019 WXIX. All rights reserved. | https://www.fox19.com/2019/01/15/next-days-will-be-wild-ride-weather-roller-coaster/ |
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This is an ok problem. Now, add more test cases.
Specific Element Count
613 Solvers
Is it an Armstrong number?
227 Solvers
Determine the square root
445 Solvers
construct matrix with identical rows
168 Solvers
square root
259 Solvers
Find the last digit
63 Solvers
Calculating selling price
70 Solvers
Halder function
50 Solvers
find the mean of all elements in a matrix
71 Solvers
find a specific element from an matrix
82 Solvers
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Clubs not obliged to release players for international matches says FIFA
Football’s international governing body FIFA, has announced a decision which removes the obligation on clubs to release players for international duty in the forthcoming international window in which Gibraltar is due to travel to Malta.
In a statement issued on Friday night FiFA stated:-
‘In light of the current situation concerning the Coronavirus, the Bureau of the FIFA Council has decided that the general football rules which normally oblige clubs to release players for national team matches will not apply for the up-coming international windows in March/April.
The situation is rapidly evolving across the world and various international travel restrictions have already been imposed by different public authorities.
FIFA understands that to hold the matches under current circumstances might not only present potential health risks to players (and to the general public) but would also, most likely, compromise the sporting integrity of such matches insofar as certain teams may be deprived of their best squads whilst others may not.
To avoid any unnecessary health risks and also situations of potential sporting unfairness, we therefore recommend that all international matches previously scheduled to take place in March and April should now be postponed until such time that they can take place in a safe and secure environment, both for players and for the general public. The final decision on this issue rests with the respective competition organisers or relevant member association in case of friendlies.
The qualifying matches for the FIFA World Cup in both Asia and South America have already been postponed following consultation between FIFA and the Confederations concerned.
In consultation with the confederations and relevant stakeholders, FIFA will be studying the possibilities for re-scheduling any postponed matches and is confident that with goodwill and flexibility from all sides, appropriate solutions will be found to allow the matches to take place in due course and with minimal disruption.
We are working in close cooperation with relevant national and international public health authorities (most notably the World Health Organisation) and, taking into account the expert advice that we have received on the matter, we consider this measure and recommendation to be the most appropriate and responsible step to take under the current circumstances.”
FIFA’s statement comes as the Gibraltar FA is also due to make a final decision on whether their international friendly against Malta and Liechtenstein will go ahead. The latest policy decision means that clubs could without players if they were to be called up for the national team.
It is expected that the Gibraltar FA will not go ahead with the friendly matches although this will be decided following Tuesday’s UEFA discussions.
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Image caption Diplodocus' peg-like teeth were constantly replaced
Teeth from sauropod dinosaurs - the largest land animals that ever lived - reveal the feeding habits of these giants.
Researchers report that Diplodocus' teeth were replaced as often as once a month throughout the dinosaur's life.
In contrast, the teeth of Camarasaurus, another sauropod, show less frequent replacement, but bulkier growth.
This suggests that Diplodocus fed off low-lying vegetation while Camarasaurus ate upper-canopy plants.
Michael D'Emic, from Stony Brook University, New York, and co-workers used the daily layers of dentin, laid down as the dinosaur teeth grew, to determine the working lifetime and replacement rates of these massive herbivores' teeth.
Dr D'Emic explains "A nearly 100-foot-long sauropod would have had a fresh tooth in each position about every one to two months, sometimes less." These huge plant-eaters ate enormous quantities of vegetation, and their teeth suffered heavy wear.
The results are reported in the journal PLoS ONE.
Dr Emily Rayfield, reader in palaeobiology at the University of Bristol, commented "Diplodocus had peg-like teeth that stuck forward and out from its long narrow jaw, while Camarasaurus had a shorter jaw with a stronger bite. Their teeth wore down as they cropped vegetation."
Dinosaurs replaced their teeth constantly throughout their life with new tooth crowns sitting deep in the jaw ready to erupt beneath each working tooth. This contrasts with mammals like us, which only replace their teeth once after birth (milk teeth and adult teeth).
The results indicate that Diplodocus and Camarasaurus had different approaches to feeding, allowing them to co-exist in the same ecosystem, with Diplodocus grazing plants at ground level and Camarasaurus taking the higher-lying vegetation.
Image caption Was T-Rex predator or scavenger, or both?
T-Rex and the one that got away
Earlier this week, a different dinosaur dental examination was described in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal. A tooth of the carnivorous giant, Tyrannosaurus rex, found in the back bone of a duck-billed dinosaur, a type of hadrosaur, has been used to infer the eating habits of T.Rex.
The study, led by Dr David Burnham at the University of Kansas, demonstrates that the hadrosaur back bone had re-healed around the embedded T.Rex tooth, showing that it escaped from the T.Rex and continued to live for some time afterwards.
Importantly, this observation feeds into a long-standing debate over whether T.Rex was a scavenger or a predator, with the authors suggesting it supports the picture of T.Rex as a predator, and not simply a carrion scavenger.
It demonstrates once more the methods used by scientists to piece together the behaviour of ancient animals from fossil fragments.
Dr Paul Barrett, dinosaur researcher at the Natural History Museum in London, added "When we look at the ecology of living animals, we see that carnivores generally eat whatever they can get hold of.
"Hyenas, that we think of as specialist scavengers, hunt quite a bit; lions, that we think of as hunters, steal carcasses from other animals.
"There is no reason to think that T.Rex, as a big carnivore, would do anything other than it would need to, to survive at the cheapest possible cost."
| |
Motivations & Goals : Interdisciplinarity is today very necessary. All the natural computing emergent techniques are applied for a large range of domains as industry, economy, medicine, etc. Computational Intelligence, includes emergent bio-inspired techniques as Evolutionary Computation, Neural Networks, Swarm Optimization, Artificial Immune Systems,Ant Colony Optimization. This task force, IET aims at promoting the study of interdisciplinarity in Emergent Technologies and its connection to Intelligence from the point of view of Computational Intelligence. The task force will promote the interdisciplinary study of emergent computation in bio-informatics, bio-physics, interdisciplinary domains of economy, medicine, industry etc. The IET task force will also be interested in the study of the new efficient techniques, including heuristics to obtain fesable results on complex real life problems. The task force will work with researchers from many domains and backgrounds: mathematics, medicine, informatics, etc. with interest in interdisciplinary approach.
General Activities. Articles for conferences and journals dedicated to Emergent Computation for example: IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (IEEE WCCI) ; IEEE-AIS Related Workshops; FUZZ-IEEE; FSA-NAFIPS
Scope & Topics:
-Contribute to fundamental understand emergent computation.
-Contribute to Computational Intelligence approaches to interdisciplinary Emergent Technologies.
-Develop new methodologies based on natural, emergent techniques to solve complex static and dynamic real–life interdisciplinary problems.
-Promote research on emergent systems and optimization.
-A forum of collaboration for academic and industrial researchers. | https://iet-cis-ieee.weebly.com/scope--experts.html |
For a brief period in our history the majority of Australians have been home owners, but this may not be so in the future. Ihe economic state of our country may result in a rapid increase in older people who are renting and the equity which homes owners do have may be much less. The asset rich elderly people may not be a permanent feature of our society.,
However, in Australia, today, the provision of housing for elderly people tends to be skewed to meeting the expressed "wants" of fairly affluent home owners; the white Anglo Saxons of the generation which reached adulthood in the prosperous post war years. They were able to buy their homes on low deposits and inflation enabled them to pay their homes off rather rapidly. Ihese are the people who are asset rich today and can afford to reinvest in retirement homes. Home owners are also able to take advantage of home improvement and maintenance loans and of the home equity conversion loans to adapt their family home to suit their needs in older years.
The changes in the economy necessitates that much mare attention should be given to security of tenure for tenants and for people paying off their
homes. But it is not just security of tenure. Elderly people need to feel secure about being able to adapt their homes to meet any changes in their abilities to cope with living independently.
In our market orientated economy fear of decreasing the resale value of the house deters both landlords and home owners from adapting dwellings to meet the special needs of those who dwell in them, but tenants are much more affected by this than are those who own or are buying their dwelling. Therefore :—
i. More effective rent control and tenants rights giving greater opportunities to alter dwellings to meet special needs of elderly people.
ii. More effective rights and responsibilities for tenants' councils so that elderly tenants can learn from each other how to adapt their homes and their rights to do this.
&
2. Alterations to Dwellings
Coupled with such measures on tenure is the need to update our ideas on home construction so that dwellings can be more easily altered.
For example making greater general use of prefabricated walls, cupboards, windows so that living space can be adapted to changing needs at different stages in life, including changing a single dwelling to dual occupancy or other such sharing arrangements.
Such changed building practices could also be used in the construction of group accommodation, for example in nursing homes, hostels and independent
living units, enabling internal spaces to be used much more flexibly. Therefore :—
i. Changes in building regulations to enable use of movable modules in the construction of housing, for example, using office partitioning methods.
ii. Making it easier to finance home alterations, giving particular weight to alterations which are needed to adapt dweilings for older people or to accommodate family members with special needs.
iii Local Government and the Ministry of Housing to give special encouragement to experiments in housing design and innovative use of building materials and to popularise the results, and to pioneer methods of providing and installing alterations of modular construction for rented accxHmodation.
3. Multiculturalism
There are other changes taking place for examples Kooris are healthier, living longer and increasingly seeking dwellings in cities and towns. There is an increasing number of elderly migrants and a greater mixture of countries of origin.
In planning for a multicultural society it is essential to recognise that there are various forms or stages of social mix; for example, a range from nodding, to chatting through to intimate friendship. Thus there is an hierarchy of relationships to be taken into account. But in our society we tend to mainly relate to each other as intimate friends, thus weakening the relationships, the casual relationships, which are essential for building community networks.
A very large proportion of elderly Kooris and migrants will choose to continue to live in their own homes, therefore we need to make sure that Home and Community Services are adapted to make this possible.
However "homes" for specific ethnic groups of elderly people are already being built. This is one answer, and a much better answer than accommodating one or two migrants in a home where there is a majority of people with an entirely different life style. But the choice for migrants needs to be widened so that there is an option which preserves their relationship with their ethnic community but which also provides opportunities for them to mix with people from different backgrounds, (for multiculturalism).
Creative planning is required to ensure that there is a balance between segregation and social mix.
Therefore
:-i. Consider measures which provide "group homes" in small clusters;. each segment of the cluster to consist of about a dozen residential units with social spaces designated for the use by the residents of that segment, but with some links to other segments through sharing some facilities which serve all residents of the cluster.
ii. Encourage migrants and Kooris to consider planning and managing their own "group homes" as a segment of a cluster.
iii Encourage the location of residential accommodation for elderly people close to neighbourhood hubs where there are shops and community facilities and easy access to public transport.
4. Later Family Responsibilities and Better Education
The principle of siting of residential accommodation in the hub of a neighbourhood brings us to looking at three other changes in the elderly population in the 21st century.
Firstly, later marriages, later family responsibilities and deinstitution-alisation of people with special needs, may result in more direct family
responsibilities in retirement years.
Secondly, the increase in divorces and separations is resulting in more single elderly people and in "blended families".
Thirdly improved educational opportunities, a greater recognition of passive (cultural) recreation and a greater appreciation of multi-culturalism are affecting the way people spend their leisure.
This could result in a greater sense of belonging to a rieighbcurhood and this in turn would result in more value being placed on community
involvement in planning and managing local government services.
The Home and Community Care program has strengthened the links between municipal councils and the community. Municipal community arts programs have considerable potential for helping to develop a sense of. belonging to a neighbourhood.
Therefore
:-i. Give councils more control over services they provide.
ii. Provide more effective access to information, particularly as
regards local government services and more opportunities for community involvement in planning and managing services,
iii. Encourage community arts programs and other cultural and educational services in the neighbourhoods.
5. More Enjoyment with Less Qierqy
And finally another change to be considered. There is world wide concern about green-house, the need to conserve the world's unrenewable resources, and poverty in the third World. Thus there is a greater community consciousness of the need for urban consolidation and increased use of public transport.
If we are to have a FUTURE, any sort of future, we must recognise our responsibilities for saving the worlds scarce natural resources and preventing such ecological disasters as green house. The words "think globally act locally" are not merely a slogan i
Planning for the future is not only about needs, it is very much about the abilities of people.
Therefore
:-i. Support all steps towards urban consolidation ensuring, more
efficient public transport, clustering community services in neighbourhood hubs and increase pedestrian accessibility to these hubs.
ii. Aim at recycling buildings and constructing buildings so they can be more easily recycled thus reducing energy use.
iii. Strengthen a sense of belonging to a neighbourhood giving special attention to community involvement.
6. Shaping the Changes
The basis for the proposed changes have been already laid through the hard work over many, many years by social planners and by community campaigns.
However, for too long social, economic and physical planning have been separated from each other. Now is the time to end piece-meal planning. Older people's housing options would be greatly increased through recognising the interconnection between security of tenure, innovative construction. the relationships between privacy and community, and developing a sense of community.
The linking mechanism is community involvment. Involving people in planning to meet their changing needs will result in changing the abilities of people.
A new force, which will strengthen this linking mechanism, is the ability of the people in the third age. This ability, itself, has to be planned
for.
Therefore :—
i. Put an end to the piecemeal methods of separating out economic, physical, and social planning.
ii. Provide opportunities for widespread community participation in planning.
iii. Plan to develop the abilities of people in the "Third Age".
The seeds for these proposals have been well sown by the social movements, especially those that flourished in the 1970s and 1980s, not only in
Australia but in many countries around the world. We have a good foundation on which to build.
Attachments 1. A Summary of this Talk.
2. Information About the Crow Collection Catalogue
3. Bibliography of Published Documents in the Crow Collection on Planning for Needs of Elderly People.
Creative Housing Options ana supportive £nvironments Planning far tne zist century
Summary
Ruth Crow, 16/ 10/ '92 The Problems
1. Current housing options favour affluent people.
2. There could be an over supply of housing in "retirement villages" in the car-dependent, outer suburbs.
3. Poorer people (tenants) have fewer options for adapting dwellings and thus fewer choices about continuing to live in the same dwelling.
4. More consideration is given to needs rather than to abilities. 5. Recognition of our multicultural society is still very limited. 6. Pedestrian access to community facilities and closeness to public
transport have been rarely considered as essential when siting dwellings for elderly people.
The Social Basis for Options for Planning Housing for Elderly People
1. Unemployment resulting in less equity in homes and lower car ownership. 2. Koories living longer, aging migrant population.
3. Later parenthood and de-institutionalisation, more elderly people with family responsibilities.
4. Increase in divorce and separation, blended families, single elderly. 5. Better education and more emphasis on passive recreation and greater
appreciation of urban life styles.
5. Coneerving the world's resources, need for urban consolidation * The Basic Issues and Proposals for Reforms
1. Security of tenure for tenants and home owners, enabling alterations.
2* Qerefcruetiflg awellircp whieh ean fee a©fe easily aiteres-.
3. Ensuring privacy and facilitating community and social mix. 4. Strengthening the sense of belonging to a rieighbourhood. The Maim Tasks
1. Integrating social, physical, ecological and economic planning. 2. Recognising abilities as well as needs of people. | https://1library.net/document/y657lonz-elderly-people-local-government-and-housing.html |
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Risk: Each project requires a completed Risk Assessment prior to submission. Selecting Complete Assessment will generate the online form. When 'Yes' is selected, additional dialogue box’s may appear for you to complete further details. Only one assessment is required per submission. Certain responses generate a warning flag to alert approvers to any potential risks.
C) Adding the Budget
The budget tab is where you enter all of the costs associated with your project.
If you added a Co-I from a different UCL Department, they will have a separate tab to enter their budget details.
You can add new budget lines by selecting on the green plus icon at the end of the relevant category (e.g. Staff, Consumables).
Key Terms:
Directly Incurred (DI) costs are project specific costs. They are supported by auditable records and include, staff directly employed for the project, travel costs and consumables.
Directly Allocated costs (DA) are shared costs. They are based on estimates and do not represent actual costs on a project-by-project basis. This includes estates, infrastructure technicians and the Principal Investigators time.
Indirect Costs do not relate to any one project or activity, but are a necessary part of the costs of undertaking an activity.
An overview of the budget is displayed on the Summary page.
For guidance on entering the budget in Worktribe, please go the Quickguide for Worktribe Budgets. | https://www.ucl.ac.uk/research-services/applying-funding/first-steps/quickguide-worktribe-projects |
60 lavatory self-importance are put in in your lavatory countertop. Sink itself a lot area, so if you happen to plan to put in one, be certain there as a substitute. Most are available in normal sizes to suit all counters, nevertheless it at all times pays to plan forward and measure your area. A standard lavatory sink is between 13 and 16 inches in diameter (33 and 40 cm). Nonetheless, 60 lavatory self-importance might differ between totally different basins. That is simply typical dimension. In an oval basin, aspect to aspect diameter is usually as much as 15 inches (38 cm).
To put in a rest room sink a minimal quantity of area required. Its dimension determines how a lot area you want. Measure counter from entrance to rear and aspect to aspect with a tape measure, then take exterior dimensions of sink from entrance to again after which backward and forward to see if counter has sufficient area. Exterior dimensions are bigger than dimensions of bowl, which embody singing sink. This provides one other inch or two (2.5 to five cm) diameter all, relying on how huge music. Most 60 lavatory self-importance deep, so any sink lower than 20 inches (50 cm) enter into a regular allowance. | https://www.defectorsbar.com/superior-60-rest-room-self-importance/ |
What is Plagiarism?
To plagiarize means to:
- Steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own;
- Use (another's production) without crediting the source;
- Commit literary theft;
- Present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source.
(Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary definition of "plagiarize," retrieved June 20, 2005)
CSUN Policy on Plagiarism
The following definition of plagiarism is excerpted from the California State University Northridge Catalog, 2016-2017.
Intentionally or knowingly representing the words, ideas or work of another as one’s own in any academic exercise. Comments:
- Direct Quotation: Every direct quotation must be identified by quotation marks, by appropriate indentation or by other means of identification and must be promptly cited in a footnote. Proper footnote style for any academic department is outlined by the “MLA Style Sheet” or K. L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations. These and similar publications are available in the Matador Bookstore and at the reference desk of the Oviatt Library.
- Paraphrase: Prompt acknowledgment is required when material from another source is paraphrased or summarized in whole or in part in your own words. To acknowledge a paraphrase properly, one might state: “to paraphrase Locke’s comment . . .’’ and conclude with a footnote identifying the exact reference. A footnote acknowledging only a directly quoted statement does not suffice to notify the reader of any preceding or succeeding paraphrased material.
- Borrowed Facts or Information: Information obtained in one’s reading or research that is not common knowledge among students in the course must be acknowledged. Examples of common knowledge might include the names of leaders of prominent nations, basic scientific laws, etc.
Materials that contribute only to one’s general understanding of the subject may be acknowledged in the bibliography and need not be immediately footnoted. One footnote is usually sufficient to acknowledge indebtedness when a number of connected sentences in the paper draw their special information from one source. When direct quotations are used, however, quotation marks must be inserted and prompt acknowledgment is required. | http://library.csun.edu/Guides/RhetoricWomen/Plagiarism |
Further information, please contact:
Rasmus Oksala, General Counsel, tel. +358 10 672 0026
Calle Loikkanen, Director, Investor Relations, Valmet, tel. +358 10 672 0020
VALMET
Kari Saarinen
CFO
Calle Loikkanen
Director, Investor Relations
Valmet is the leading global developer and supplier of process technologies, automation and services for the pulp, paper and energy industries. We aim to become the global champion in serving our customers.
Valmet's strong technology offering includes pulp mills, tissue, board and paper production lines, as well as power plants for bioenergy production. Our advanced services and automation solutions improve the reliability and performance of our customers' processes and enhance the effective utilization of raw materials and energy.
Valmet's net sales in 2017 were approximately EUR 3.2 billion. Our more than 12,000 professionals around the world work close to our customers and are committed to moving our customers' performance forward - every day. Valmet's head office is in Espoo, Finland and its shares are listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki. | https://www.valmet.com/media/news/management-transactions/2018/valmet-oyj---managers-transaction-macharey-julia/ |
Welcome to CEGESOMA/State Archives of Belgium
CEGESOMA, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation on War and Society, is the Belgian centre of excellence for the history of 20th century conflicts. It carries out research, organises public events and holds document collections. It is since 1 January 2016 the fourth Operational Directory of the State Archives. It is a platform for academic and public activities in Belgium and abroad, in particular with regard to the two World Wars.
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A workshop on looted library materials in Belgium during the Second World WarOn 14 June 2019, Dr Patricia Kennedy Grimsted (Harvard University) was invited as the main speaker to a workshop organised by CegeSoma and AMSAB - ISG about the Nazi's plunder of cultural heritage in Belgium during the Second World War. She is an internationally renowned expert who has been carrying out research on this issue for decades and still works on the subject. Read more...
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New articles on the Blog of Belgium WWIIWhat's new on the Belgium WWII-blog?
A couple of months ago we announced the launch of the Belgium WWII-blog. Since then, new articles have been published online. They deal with current debates on the perception of the Second World War, the challenges with regard to remembrance of the war as well as new forms of interactions with the target audience of historical projects.
Read more...
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Colloquia of local history associations 'From Liberation to Victory'On 3 June and on 17 June, CegeSoma organised two colloquia, at the State Archives in Namur and at the State Archives in Ghent respectively, for anyone interested in local history about the period from the Liberation of the country in September 1944 to the final victory over Nazism in spring 1945. The following report presents an overview of the papers presented that can provide tools and guidance for further research about the subject, thereby also spreading the findings of the colloquium among those interested in local history. Read more...
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New issue of the JBH out now
The first issue of the JBH for the year 2019 has been published.
It contains four articles, a section about doctoral theses and a number of reviews.
Earlier in 2019, the price of JBH issues was significantly lowered, so this first issue is available at a very reasonable price. Read more...
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Conference ‘TRANSMEMO’ (memories of collaboration and resistance)
On Thursday 3 October 2019 we will co-organize a conference of the research project TRANSMEMO in the senate of Belgium. In this project historians and psychologists investigate how Belgian families with a history of collaboration or resistance remember and experience the legacy of the Second World War.
During a full-day program TRANSMEMO will present the results of the research while political scientists, psychologists and historians will reflect on the legacy of this past. Read more...
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Conference in Leuven about archives and historical research
From 6 to 7 June, the yearly international archival symposium will take place in the Belgian State Archives in Leuven.
The theme of this year's conference is archives and scholarly research (Archive und wissenschaftliche Forschung). Read more...
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Workshop Plunder of Art and Heritage in Belgium during the Second World War - 14 June 2019Recently Patricia Grimsted, the well-known American researcher on the history of the German looting of art and heritage in Europe during World War II, has addressed a number of Belgian researchers with a request to follow up on earlier research and publication projects.
Read more...
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International Conference ‘Holocaust Studies and Its Social Setting’
To conclude the second phase of the project “European Holocaust Research Infrastructure”, with the State Archives/CegeSoma being one of its partner institutions, an international conference is going to be held in Amsterdam on July 3, 2019. Read more... | http://www.cegesoma.be/cms/index_en.php |
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Ultrasound image artefacts
us_artefacts
Table of Contents
Ultrasound image artefacts
Introduction:
Acoustic shadowing:
Acoustic enhancement:
Edge shadowing:
Reverberation artefact:
Beam width effects:
Velocity artefacts:
Mirror image:
Operator produced artefacts:
Problem solving:
Next:
Ultrasound image artefacts
see also:
ED bedside ultrasound
Introduction:
US systems operate on a basis of certain false assumptions relating to the interaction of the sound beam with soft tissue, including:
a constant speed of sound in the body of 1540m/s
all echoes detected by the transducer originate from the central axis of the beam
the ultrasound beam travels in straight lines
the time taken for an echo from a given interface to return to the transducer is directly related to its distance from the transducer
the rate of attenuation of the beam is constant with depth & throughout the field of view
as a result, artefacts may be produced such as:
echoes in the display which do not appear in the correct position
absence of echoes from parts of the image that would normally generate echoes
structures which are anatomically separate being displayed as joined
brightness of echoes which may not correspond to that expected
single structure being displayed as two separate structures
thin membranes appearing thicker than they really are
Acoustic shadowing:
if the proportion of the beam energy attenuated at a given interface is high, little sound will be transmitted deeper than the interface, thus echoes will not be received from tissue deep to the interface resulting in acoustic shadowing
examples:
soft tissue/gas
shadows from gas are partially filled with reverberations (“dirty”)
soft tissue/bone or calcium
shadows from calcium & bone are usually echo-free (“clean”)
focal zone must be set at the depth of calculus to clearly show a shadow
normal tissue/fibrous tissue (scars, ligts)
Acoustic enhancement:
an attenuation phenomenon resulting in an area of increased brightness relative to echoes from adjacent tissue
this is due to sound passing through a medium of lower sound attenuation than the adjacent tissue resulting in the sound reaching the tissues deep to it having greater amplitude than the sound reaching the adjacent tissues as the same depth
examples:
full bladder - allows better scanning of deeper structures
it is one of the criteria in differentiating b/n a cyst and an echoic tumour (the other criteria are smooth walls & an echo-free interior)
the margins of the area of enhancement are usually sharply defined & may be parallel or divergent depending on the transducer used
Edge shadowing:
sound is attenuated deep to the lateral edges of rounded structures such as aorta
the sound has further to travel within that medium resulting absorption as well as reflection & refraction effects in producing the narrow band of distal edge shadow
Reverberation artefact:
two main types:
multiple linear representations on the display of the same interface equal distances apart as a result of sound echoing backwards & forwards between interfaces with each subsequent echo appearing to be deeper as it has taken longer to get back to the transducer & also less bright as it sequentially loses amplitude
usually occur due to high-level mismatch interfaces when the echo amplitude is high
examples:
deep to subcutaneous fat & muscle layers eg. bladder wall
foreign bodies - the reverberations often merge to form a 'comet tail' artefact
diffuse reverberations deep to a medium that resonates such as gas or to a lesser extent, fat
examples:
deep to bowel gas ⇒ “ring-down” effect
fat ⇒ diffuse reverberations often seen in fundus of
GB
or superficial regions of anechoic structures such as blood vessels, bladder
can usually reduce this by turning the gain down
Beam width effects:
a group of effects that can cause great difficulty as they display echoes generated from the edge of the beam as though they were generated from the central axis of the beam, resulting in incorrectly placed echoes and “pseudo-pathology”
includes:
beam width
side lobe
grating lobe
slice thickness
examples:
urinary bladder - “false” echoes within the bladder arising from surrounding bowel gas
gall bladder - “pseudo sludge” echoes within the
GB
lumen arising from adjacent bowel or liver
obstetrics - “false” echoes at the side of the fetal head or femur length which can result in inaccurate measurements
Velocity artefacts:
results from different tissues having different velocities of sound causing incorrect placement of the echoes in the display due to:
inaccurate depth calculation effects
refraction effects
examples:
low velocity lesion in the liver causes displacement of diaphragm deep to it to be deeper than it really is
“lens effect” of well developed parallel paired rectus abdominus muscles results in double virtual images of underlying midline structures such as aorta or gestational sacs which are displayed lon either side of the invisible real image
Mirror image:
structures may be displayed twice - a real image and a virtual image caused by reflecting interface within the field of view which is angled to show the image in the same way as if one looked at an object in the mirror and can see both the object and the virtual image of the object - albeit a different aspect of it.
examples:
diaphragm/lung interface - may show mirroring of liver texture above the diaphragm
bladder/rectum interface when rectum is gas filled - bladder wall is mirrored together with any bladder contents
Operator produced artefacts:
excessive gain:
adds noise to the image
makes like structures appear the same irrespective of depth
poor TGC settings:
may create a band of bright or low level echoes within the field of view
poor skin contact
due to inadequate gel &/or transducer pressure
Problem solving:
turn down the gain
alter angulation of probe and watch effect on the artefact
scan in two planes
move patient
have patient use different breathing manoeuvres
change transducer frequency
Next: | http://www.ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=us_artefacts |
She wakes to the sweet and gentle song of the birds outside her window, dancing in the trees. Her heart is full as she starts her day with a thankful prayer for all the blessings in her life. she has no needs or wants for she knows who her supply is.
And she flies…
The traffic to work seems far too slow for most, but she cherishes the extra time to talk to her God, moments that give her the strength to face the day no matter what may come.
And she flies..
The day hurries by as life seems to happen the older she gets, but amidst the hurry of the day, she walks in confidence that she is living a life she is called to, sharing a hope she has found and is learning to embrace on this journey of life.
And she flies…
Her day brings her home to prepare a meal from the abundance in her cupboards, for she knows from where her abundance comes from. She feels the arms of blessings around her as she sets her table. She sees her ever growing family around her table, and her heart is full.
And she flies…
She ends her day in the cool of the evening remembering from where she has come. She knows she is not only worthy, she is priceless in the eyes of her God. She knows she is fearfully and wonderfully made physically, emotionally, and spiritually.
And she flies…
She lays her head down to truly rest as she reminds herself of the Truths written in the Word and in her heart. Her mind is light and ready to sleep and her eyes gently close in restful sleep to dream dreams that will leave her refreshed in the morning as the summer dew on the garden of her heart.
And she flies…
She flies into the night with the only One who will never leave her or forsake her.
She flies with the One who gave His only begotten Son for her and multitudes upon multitudes of others on the planet now and from ages past.
She flies with her ultimate Healer who is with her every moment of every minute of every day.
She flies, rising to newer heights every day as He opens her eyes to the world around her and gives her wisdom as she seeks and finds.
She knows the generations to come will be changed because she knows she is forever loved by her God. Her heart is full to overflowing.. she is blessed, oh so blessed.
The brokenness of years past have fluttered away in the wind as chaf, never to return as she remembers her family daily in her prayers and lifts them up to her God.
And then she closes her eyes in peaceful rest, for she has Joy.
And she flies. | https://anewday950968079.blog/2019/07/19/and-she-flies/ |
A monster appearing in Japanese legends. She appears as an old woman with a piercing gaze that makes even the innocent tremble.
In Japanese folklore, when people die, they must cross the Sanzu River to reach the afterlife. Datsue-Ba sits on the edge of this river and tears off the clothes of the dead as they arrive. She then hangs them on a tree to measure the weight of their sins. How far the tree bends determines where they are allowed to cross the river.
She is sometimes described as the wife of Yama, king of the dead.
Acheri
- Main article: Acheri
Taraka
- Main article: Taraka
In Hindu mythology, Taraka was a female Daitya and the daughter of the yaksha Suketu or the ashura Sunda. She was transformed into a Rakshasi by the sage Agastya and went to live in a forest on the Ganges. She would ravage the country around and had an insatiable lust for blood and carnal desires. Every night she would hunt for male victims and, if she found one that she liked, she would forcibly have sex with him and drain his life energy until he was dead. If she did not like the man, she would simply eat him, starting from his head.
According to the Hindu epic, the Ramayana, the sage Vishvamitra asked Rama to slay Taraka, but he was reluctant to kill a female. Rama decided to deprive Taraka of her ability to do harm by cutting off her arms and his brother Lakshmana cut off her nose and ears. However, Taraka used her powers of sorcery to hurl stones at the brothers and Rama was forced to kill her with an arrow.
Gorgon
- Main article: Gorgon
Originally in Greek mythology, the poet Homer speaks of a single Gorgon, whose grim visage is set in the aegis shield of Zeus. The Gorgon is a female monster with sharp fangs, hair of venomous snakes, and sometimes golden wings and brazen claws. Anyone who looks upon the face of the Gorgon is turned instantly to stone. It wasn't until the writings of the poet Hesiod the the number of Gorgons was increased to three. These were; Stheno the mighty, Euryale the far-springer and Medusa the queen. According to Hesiod they were the daughters of the sea god Phorcys and Ceto and lived far in the western ocean. It was later suggested that there were produced by Gaia to aid the Titans against the gods, but were slain by Athena. Of the three Gorgons, only Medusa was ever portrayed as mortal in later tales. While it is true that in the ancient Greek depictions of Gorgons, they were hideous and frightening creatures to behold, more modern and poetic depictions of them are as beautiful maidens, but with hair of living, venomous snakes.
Yomotsu-Shikome
- Main article: Yomotsu-Shikome
Terrifying female Oni of Japanese mythology who live in Yomi, the underworld.
Yomotsu-Shikome are famous as the pursuers sent by Izanami to catch Izanagi as he fled Yomi. They were obsessed with food, so Izanagi turned his hair into wild grapes and his comb into bamboo shoots. The Yomotsu-Shikome were distracted by the food, allowing Izanagi to make his escape back to the realm of the living.
Each Yomotsu-Shikome leads her own army of Yomotsu-Ikusa, their male counterparts.
Leanan Sidhe
- Main article: Leanan Sidhe
Yuki Jyorou
- Main article: Yuki Jyorou
Lamia
- Main article: Lamia
A monster of Greek mythology. She is usually depicted as a woman from the waist up and a snake from the waist down. She is the child of Belos, son of the sea god Poseidon, and Libye. Lamia was originally a queen of Libya. Zeus was enraptured by her beauty, and his jealous wife Hera, in a rage, slew all the children of Zeus and Lamia and cursed Lamia herself so that her lower half became that of a monstrous snake.
Lamia is sometimes identified with Lillith, the first wife of the Old Testament figure Adam.
Clotho
- Main article: Clotho
Arachne
- Main article: Arachne
Lachesis
- Main article: Lachesis
Yaksni
- Main article: Yaksni
A man-eating demon of Indian mythology. There are many different interpretations of Yaksini. In Hinduism, they are considered evil demons, but in Buddhism they are considered protectors of wealth. They are related to Kali. Their male counterparts are called Yaksa. Yaksa appear as powerfully-built men, while Yaksini appear as beautiful, voluptuous women.
Hariti, the Indian goddess who symbolizes fertility and prosperity, is considered a Yaksini. According to legend, although Hariti had 1.000 children of her own whom she cared for deeply, she attacked and ate human children. Buddha, seeing this, hid Hariti's favorite child away from her to make her suffer. Buddha said to her, "This is the suffering that comes from loosing just one of 1.000 children. Can you imagine the sorrow of a human mother whose only has been eaten?" Hariti had a change of heart, and from that day forward she ate pomegranates instead of children. It was in this way that she became a symbol of fertility and prosperity. This is also why pomegranates are considered symbols of fertility and prosperity in China.
Atropos
- Main article: Atropos
Dakini
- Main article: Dakini
A dakini is a tantric deity described as an embodiment of enlightened energy that resembles a female.
In each of her various guises, she serves as each of the Three Roots. She may be a human guru, a yidam, or she may be a protector. | http://megaten.sesshou.com/wiki/index.php/Femme |
What Is A Status Conference? Simply put, a Status Conference is a meeting with the judge.
It is held for divorce petitions that have not been prepared for hearing by the parties or where the other spouse wishes to contest the divorce petition.
At which stage of the divorce is a Status Conference held?
Usually a Status Conference would only be conducted within 6 weeks from the date the writ of divorce was filed, depending on the nature of the case.
The Court would send a letter to notify you if you are required to attend a Status Conference.
What happens in a Status Conference?
It is mainly for the judge to determine the status of the divorce petition.
Do I need to attend a Status Conference?
Yes. However, if you engage a lawyer, the lawyer would attend the Status Conference on your behalf.
Where is the Status Conference held?
It is held in the Family Court.
The Status Conference would take place in chambers with only the judge, the lawyers and/or parties involved.
Like the Status Conference, the PTC is also a meeting with the judge before the divorce hearing.
At what stage is the Pre-Trial Conference held?
When the spouses cannot reach a settlement at the Status Conference and the petition had already been prepared for hearing, the judge would call for a PTC.
What happens in a Pre-Trial Conference?
If there is a possibility of settlement, the judge may refer the case for counselling professional Court counselor, or for a resolution conference at the Family Resolutions Centre.
If the settlement is not possible and mediation has failed and/or parties are not willing to negotiate further, the judge will ask both parties to file documents to prepare for trial. In this case, the purpose of a Pre-Trial Conference is to get both parties ready for the contested divorce hearing, which will take the form of a trial in open court.
Do I need to attend a Pre-Trial Conference?
Yes. However, if you engage a divorce lawyer, the lawyer would attend the Pre-Trial Conference on your behalf.
Where is the Pre-Trial Conference held?
The Pre-Trial Conference would take place in chambers with only the judge, the lawyers and/or parties involved.
If you require legal representation for such a matter, kindly contact Gloria James-Civetta & Co, to get the legal advice you need.
I have been married for less than 3 years, can I get a divorce? | https://www.singaporedivorcelawyer.com.sg/what-is-a-status-conference-and-a-pre-trial-conference/ |
Lobero Theatre Presents AN IRISH CHRISTMAS
The performance can be watched anytime and as many times as you'd like between time of purchase and December 30.
An Irish Christmas as seen on PBS! Join an award-winning cast of Riverdance principals and World Champion Dancers in a celebration of the great traditions of Christmas in Ireland: butter-making, chasing the wren on St. Stephen's Day, drawing down the half door and more!
Come enjoy spectacular dance, the singing of traditional Christmas Carols from the Kerry Voice Squad and superb music from the Kerry Traditional Orchestra in a celebration of the international spirit of the holiday season!
The performance can be watched anytime and as many times as you'd like between time of purchase and December 30. | |
IMPAX Settles Solvay LitigationHAYWARD, Calif.--(HSMN NewsFeed)--June 29, 2006--Impax Laboratories, Inc. (OTC:IPXL ) announced today it has settled a suit brought against it in 2003 by Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. alleging that IMPAX engaged in false advertising practices dating back to 1998 in connection with the marketing of two of the Company's ten Lipram pancreatic enzyme supplements as well as two discontinued pancreatic enzyme supplements. Under the settlement, IMPAX will pay $23 million to the plaintiffs, of which $12 million will be paid immediately from the Company's cash reserves, which total approximately $42 million currently. The balance will be paid over the next six years. Sales and gross profits from these two Lipram products were not material to IMPAX's results.
Impax Laboratories, Inc. is a technology based specialty pharmaceutical company applying its formulation expertise and drug delivery technology to the development of controlled-release and specialty generics in addition to the development of branded products. IMPAX markets its generic products through its Global Pharmaceuticals division and intends to market its branded products through the IMPAX Pharmaceuticals division. Additionally, where strategically appropriate, IMPAX has developed marketing partnerships to fully leverage its technology platform. Impax Laboratories is headquartered in Hayward, California, and has a full range of capabilities in its Hayward and Philadelphia facilities. For more information, please visit the Company's Web site at: www.impaxlabs.com.
"Safe Harbor" statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995:
To the extent any statements made in this news release contain information that is not historical, these statements are forward-looking in nature and express the beliefs and expectations of management. Such statements are based on current expectations and involve a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause IMPAX's future results, performance or achievements to differ significantly from the results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, possible adverse effects resulting from the delisting of IMPAX's stock, IMPAX's delay in filing its 2004 Form 10-K, its Form 10-Q for each of the first three quarters of 2005, its Form 10-K for 2005, and its Form 10-Q for the first quarter of 2006, IMPAX's ability to obtain sufficient capital to fund its operations, the difficulty of predicting FDA filings and approvals, consumer acceptance and demand for new pharmaceutical products, the impact of competitive products and pricing, IMPAX's ability to successfully develop and commercialize pharmaceutical products, IMPAX's reliance on key strategic alliances, the uncertainty of patent litigation, the availability of raw materials, the regulatory environment, dependence on patent and other protection for innovative products, exposure to product liability claims, fluctuations in operating results and other risks detailed from time to time in IMPAX's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements speak only as to the date on which they are made, and IMPAX undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statement, regardless of whether new information becomes available, future developments occur or otherwise.
Source: IMPAX Laboratories
Issuer of this News Release is solely responsible for its
content.
Please address inquiries directly to the issuing company. | https://salesandmarketingnetwork.com/news_release_bs.html?pipe=0000ac177000191&ID=2012418&key=Impax+Laboratories |
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Download:
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References & Citations
DBLP - CS Bibliography
Computer Science > Graphics
Title:Real-time High Resolution Fusion of Depth Maps on GPU
(Submitted on 28 Nov 2013)
Abstract: A system for live high quality surface reconstruction using a single moving depth camera on a commodity hardware is presented. High accuracy and real-time frame rate is achieved by utilizing graphics hardware computing capabilities via OpenCL and by using sparse data structure for volumetric surface representation. Depth sensor pose is estimated by combining serial texture registration algorithm with iterative closest points algorithm (ICP) aligning obtained depth map to the estimated scene model. Aligned surface is then fused into the scene. Kalman filter is used to improve fusion quality. Truncated signed distance function (TSDF) stored as block-based sparse buffer is used to represent surface. Use of sparse data structure greatly increases accuracy of scanned surfaces and maximum scanning area. Traditional GPU implementation of volumetric rendering and fusion algorithms were modified to exploit sparsity to achieve desired performance. Incorporation of texture registration for sensor pose estimation and Kalman filter for measurement integration improved accuracy and robustness of scanning process. | https://arxiv.org/abs/1311.7194 |
- Ensure quality, timeliness, and completeness of project data recordings and reports throughout the data and information flow hierarchy.
- Ensure up-to-date and quality data entry in project MIS systems.
- Timely response to data requests from field and head office; LDM manager, program coordinator, program manager, advisors, support staff, and impact measurement advisor.
- Compile data for perioding donors, government, and CARE reports as per the standard data reporting forms;
- Coordinate field-level data management and reporting processes.
- Lead routine program data quality assessment at the field level;
- Participate in project design, monitoring, and evaluation surveys;
Job Responsibility #2: Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting: 30%
- Work closely with the LDM manager in reviewing and updating M&E/MIS systems and data collection and reporting tools of the project.
- in close collaboration with the field office project manager, organize the periodic review and reflective meetings, joint supportive supervision, and feedback sessions at the zone, woreda, and kebele level.
- Support target setting and implementation plan development at the field office level.
- Assist field-level participatory monitoring and evaluation in the community.
- Ensure quality of project implementation as per the implementation standards, monitoring and evaluation guidelines, and organizational protocols;
- Collects case studies, and success stories and shares them with internal and external audiences;
- coordinate and compile reports from field office level partners.
- Ensure site-level data utilization for planning and decision-making purposes through sense-making reflections in M&E meetings.
- weekly and monthly plans and reports of project officers.
Job Responsibility #3 Capacity building and Training -30%
- In close collaboration with the LDM manager, assess and communicate, capacity gaps in the community, government, and project staff.
- In close collaboration with the LDM manager, support the development of appropriate capacity-building manuals and training materials as per gaps identified
- Facilitate capacity-building training to the community and government staff in line with project objectives, plans, and intervention strategies in close collaboration with the program team.
- Closely monitor ‘change’ in the capacity of the community, government offices, and other partners because of the project capacity-building interventions.
- Coach and mentor project officers on project capacity-building activities designing and implementation.
- With close collaboration with the LDM manager, plan, and organize M&E-related capacity-building training and workshops for the project and government staff.
- Compile and share project outcome reports on capacity building for program and LDM managers.
Job Responsibility #4: Other duties- 10%
- Perform other duties, as assigned.
- The duties and responsibilities described above are subject to change, depending on CARE Ethiopian funding or programming.
Job Requirements
A. EDUCATION/TRAINING
Required:
- Statistics, Social Science, or other related fields.
- Knowledge of statistical software.
Desired:
- Master’s degree in the above discipline
- Research background
B. EXPERIENCE
Required:
- 3 – 5 years of job-related experience.
Desired:
- NGO experience.
C. TECHNICAL SKILLS
Required:
- Highly organized, attention to detail, and analytical skills;
- Computer skills particularly Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint;
- Good oral and written communication and interpersonal skills;
- Firm belief in teamwork, gender equality, participatory approach, and sustainability;
- Proficiency in English, both verbal and written.
Desired:
- Utilizing programming and statistical software (such as SPSS) to compile data and information for various systems, and knowledge of basic PME and research tools;
- Exposure to developing and/or maintaining a database using MS Access, etc.
D. COMPETENCIES
- Respect, accountability, courage, excellence, analytical ability, initiating action, interpersonal skills, developing teams, decision making, information monitoring, facilitating change, proactive problem solving, planning, organizing, and communicating with impact. | https://newjobsethiopia.com/job/monitoring-and-evaluation-specialist-5/ |
An overview of Design and Technology at KS3 and KS4
Design Technology is taught in a multimedia workshop by one member of staff, and supported by a technicians. A diverse range of specialist skills are covered in the course of study.
The aims of the department are to:
- Encourage technological awareness and confidence so that pupils will be able to play an effective part in the technological world of the twenty-first century;
- Stimulate the development of a range of designing and making skills;
- Develop knowledge and understanding of materials and components, systems and control and structures;
- Develop the pupils’ capability, through combining their designing and making skills with knowledge and understanding to design and make products;
- Encourage the development of problem solving skills.
Design and Technology is compulsory in Key Stage 3 (Years 7-9) where the National Curriculum syllabus is used as the basis for our schemes of work. At Key Stage 4 AQA Product Design GCSE is offered.
Over the three years spent in Key Stage 3, pupils study the subject areas of Product Design, Graphic Products and Electronics within Design Technology, to help prepare them should they decide to opt for GCSE.
Through individual and group work, focussed practical tasks, skills based exercises and individual design and make based projects, they cover a variety of skills including:
- Use of hand tools and machines
- Designing and making using the design cycle for guidance, including developing a design brief and specification, research skills, developing and modelling designs, planning and making their designs, and evaluating their end product.
- Risk assessment and Health and Safety in the work shop
- CAD/CAM, using 2D Design and associated machinery, and other graphic software packages.
- Printed Circuit Board soldering and Electronic systems and control programming
AQA GCSE Design and Technology: Product Design (Years 10 and 11) enables students to design and make products with creativity and originality, using a range of materials and techniques.
Candidates will have the opportunity to learn how to:
• Further develop their use tools/equipment and processes to produce quality products.
• consider the solution to more technical problems in the design and manufacture process; use tools and equipment safely with regard to themselves and others.
• Plan their time and work accurately and efficiently in terms of time, materials/ingredients and components; manufacture products applying quality control procedures; have knowledge of Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAM) and use as appropriate.
• Ensure, through testing, modification and evaluation, that the quality of their products is suitable for intended users, and devise modifications where necessary that would improve the outcome(s).
• Understand the advantages of working as part of a team when designing and making products. | https://www.thequeensschool.co.uk/senior-school/curriculum/design-and-technology |
One of the reasons we should know how nuclear weapons work is that the world has explosively entered a nuclear era on July 16th 1945. On that day the US planned to test a weapon that was not known before. That took place in the desert of New Mexico. Made from a sphere of plutonium the size of a tennis ball, the bomb called Trinity exploded as an equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT.
Construction principles and the ability to destroy of the nuclear bombs have remained unchanged for 50 years. Materials that emit radiation (uranium, plutonium, tritium, etc.) and the various radioactive rays in the universe (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, X-rays cosmic/solar or radon gas) are common to terrestrial ecosystem. In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, many physicists have performed experiments aimed to identify all the properties of electricity. Incidentally, they discovered radioactivity.
In those years, most scientists imagined future applications of the new discoveries as extremely beneficial to mankind. W. Roentgen, for example, has realized that they will revolutionize medicine since the first moments after producing X-rays.
However, during the Second World War Germany took advantage from the genius physicists like Werner Karl Heisenberg and Otto Hahn and made them develop the first nuclear program in the world. Luckily, Nazi nuclear program failed, but once the nuclear threat was launched, most powers entered the arms race. The star of nuclear technology was called atomic bomb.
In 1939, US intelligence already knew that the Nazis are planning the construction of the atomic bomb.
Consequently, three years later, the United States initiated its own nuclear program, titled Manhattan Project within the Army Corps of Engineers (Scientists Department of the US Army), under the command of general Leslie R. Groves. General Groves’ top secret mission was to establish three centers for engineering and nuclear production, for which he called the physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, who also laid the foundation thereof: Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Hanford Engineer Works in the east of Washington State and Project Y in Los Alamos, New Mexico State.
Meanwhile, in a small secret lab in the basement of the University of Chicago, General Groves appointed Italian physicist Enrico Fermi, Nobel laureate and refugee, to create a controlled nuclear reactor. On December 2nd 1942, Fermi has already completed the construction of Chicago Pile One (CP-1), the first controlled nuclear reactor in the world.
For the first time in history, man had tremendous energy released by a nucleus. Immediately, CP-1 was taken at Oak Ridge and Hanford for Oppenheimer and other scientists to find a way to get nuclear fuel and, once the operation is complete, to use the reactor for building an atomic weapon.
In 1942, the only solutions for this fuel were uranium (U-235) and plutonium (Pl-239). Manhattan Project managers had no idea how quickly and how much nuclear fuel the two substances would produce, which is why they decided to simultaneously build atomic weapons on both elements. Although the leading scientists working in the project were at Oak Ridge and Washington (these bases benefiting from the latest technology), the first atomic bombs were built at Los Alamos.
Based on a very simple element – the barrel of the gun – those within the Project Y performed a U-235 bomb: a capsule with U-235 was sent, through a tube, to another U-235 capsule. When the two amounts of uranium were combined the nuclear explosion was produced.
A second bomb used implosion to detonate plutonium. More explosions surrounded the ball of plutonium, it compressed and this phenomenon caused nuclear explosion.
The two bombs were named Little Boy and Fat Man.
Nuclear bomb making involves developing a technology that stabilizes the nucleus of extremely unstable atoms and makes them issue the nuclear energy they contain on demand. This technology is achieved by two methods: nuclear fusion and fission. Both processes result in the release of huge amounts of heat and radiation.
To build an atomic bomb, you need a fuel source to trigger fission or fusion, a firing device and a technology allowing fuel to generate nuclear fission or fusion before the explosion takes place.
In a fission bomb, the fuel must be stored in separate sub critical masses who can not fissile – that to prevent a premature detonation. The critical mass needed to produce nuclear reaction is the smallest part of the material used to build the bomb. After facing a series of problems, Manhattan Project managers have turned to two solutions: a similar firing mechanism of a gun barrel and an implosion technique.
The latter is achieved through a neutron generator, consisting of a small propeller and several sheets of polonium and beryllium which were separating the nuclear fuel. The way the generator was functioning is extremely simple: the propeller combines the two sub critical masses and the polonium spontaneously emits alpha particles. Ultimately, they produce beryllium-8 which releases neutrons. Then the neutrons initiate fission.
This model, also called thermonuclear bomb or H bomb (helium), would – theoretically – be more efficient than fission bombs. Stanislaw Ulam from Poland joined the Manhattan Project and was able to produce a hybrid thermonuclear bomb in 1945 at Los Alamos.
Ulam bomb is actually an implosion-type fission bomb which contains a mini fusion bomb.
The fission bomb causes implosion and gives off X-rays, producing high temperatures and pressures.
The compression shock initiates the fission reaction in plutonium and it exudes radiation, more heat and neutrons.
The neutrons interact with lithium, transforming it into tritium.
The combination of huge temperatures and pressures causes fusion reaction between tritium and deuterium – which amplifies radiation and heat, producing neutrons.
They induce fission in uranium-235 pieces.
On August 6th 1945, the weather was beautiful in Hiroshima, the first target city chosen by the Americans. At 8.15 AM local time, the bomber Enola Gay launched Little Boy. The bomb exploded 580 meters above the city.
Two thirds of the city were destroyed. In a radius of 10 kilometers, about 90,000 buildings have collapsed instantly.
11.02 AM, August 9th 1945 – Fat Man was detonated 500 meters above Nagasaki.
Fat Man was intended for Koruka town, but it was spared because of dense fog that had left in the morning attack. About 40% of Nagasaki was destroyed. Although Fat Man bomb was more powerful than Little Boy the rugged terrain of the city saved many inhabitants. 25,000 out of 270,000 died on the day of the explosion. But 50,000 more died by the end of the year because of the radiations.
If the detonation target of a nuclear bomb is a populated area, the explosion produces devastating losses. The damages vary depending on the distance between the ground and the center of the blast, called the hypo center or zero point. The smaller the distance, the larger the effect is.
the fallout effect: radioactive clouds that remain after the explosion and radioactive particles formed from the remains of the bomb, which eventually fall to the ground.
In the zero point, everything instantly evaporates due to extremely high temperatures (over 300 million Celsius degrees). Within a radius of 10-15 kilometers, the heat from the explosion causes fatal burns or instantaneous combustion and the pressure of the explosion causes all buildings to collapse. In the areas near the blast victims die from heat, acute exposure to high radiation and devastating fire.
In the long term, the effect of the disaster makes fallout to spread in a vast space: radioactive particles are carried by wind and/or penetrate the water sources. People who are thousands of kilometers away from the explosion are thus exposed to killer radiation.
Researchers from Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) have studied the survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings to understand the effects of nuclear explosion on human health.
They were the first who showed that radiation and fallout effect primarily affects all cells that actively divide (hair, intestines, reproductive organs). In a first phase, radiation exposure leads to dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, massive hair an teeth loss, cataracts and loss of a huge number of cells.
In a second phase, victims show an increased risk of contracting cancer or leukemia, becoming infertile or giving birth to children with birth defects.
In the 80s, several physicists launched the hypothesis that, due to the Cold War and the global arming without a protocol to control the proliferation of nuclear weapons, there is a theoretical possibility that more such bombs simultaneously could explode in different parts of world. This disaster would cause Nuclear Winter.
The scenario that underlies this hypothesis is that the explosion of over 50 nuclear bombs would rise into the air huge clouds of radioactive toxic dust which would penetrate into Earth’s atmosphere. Finally, radioactive layer would block sunlight which would lead to the end of the photosynthesis process. Last consequences of Nuclear Winter would be the disappearance of all sources of food, of the entire vegetation and of all animals on Earth, which would implicitly lead to the disappearance of the human race.
Nuclear Winter scenario has acquired the valences of a terrifying collective fears when Saint Helen volcano, US and Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted. The giant clouds and the dust crossed thousands of kilometers, darkening the sky and destroying the flora and fauna of many areas. The two disasters have shown that in case of an atomic war Nuclear Winter scenario is likely to become reality.
For information on nuclear fallout map, see our article on this important-read.
While nine nations have nuclear weapons, other 187 committed not to produce them. Twenty countries like Switzerland, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and South Africa once had programs, but as a signatory of the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty they abandoned them.
Treaty was designed to limit the spread of nuclear weapons and to oblige the five states which owed them to share nuclear technology and materials for use in peaceful areas. The treaty obtained the decommissioning of 38,000 warheads since 1986 mainly by US and Russian disarmament.
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (Multilateral Nuclear Test Ban Treaty) from 1996 is an attempt to limit the detonations and to slow the nuclear arming, but the US Senate refused to ratify it in 1999.
Another big challenge is to control the quantity of the vast and poorly protected nuclear arsenal of the Russia. G8 countries have repeatedly pledged billions of dollars to protect the huge deposits.
International Atomic Energy Agency fights to control the theft and black market of nuclear materials and technologies and fears that terrorists could get their hands on a counterfeit bomb are often expressed. Sale of materials and information was highlighted in 2004 when a nuclear scientist admitted that Pakistan sold nuclear technology to Libya, North Korea and Pakistan.
Nuclear power generation has been linked to nuclear proliferation. In fact, the first industrial scale reactors built in the US in 1944 were designed to produce plutonium for weapons and the created energy was wasted. The first nuclear reactor to provide electricity to the national network was opened in 1956 in England, at Calder Hall. Today countries like Japan and France use nuclear energy to provide up to 75% of their energy.
Unlike nuclear weapons, nuclear reactors must tightly control the fission chain reaction. To prevent a runaway reaction, control rods are interwoven with fuel rods of uranium or plutonium. The control rods absorb neutrons and can be lowered into the reactor core to regulate energy produced. A moderating substance, such as water or graphite, surrounds the bars slowing down neutrons reaction by reflecting them back to the center.
A cooling agent circulates around the core and is pumped to a heat exchanger where the water turns to steam and operates electricity generating turbines. Modern reactors cooled with gas, as in the UK, are using compressed carbon dioxide as a coolant. Light, pressurized and heavy water reactors are using water as moderator and coolant.
These reactors are inherently inefficient, using only about 1% of the energy stored in the uranium fuel. To overcome this inefficiency and minimize nuclear waste, some countries reprocess nuclear fuel. The reprocessing unit in Sellafield, UK is the largest in the world, but encountered many problems.
Modern (but less safe) breeder reactors use liquid sodium metal as coolant and generate plutonium as fuel. Breeder reactors as Superphénix in France, Dounreay in the UK, Monju in Japan and planned reactors in India can use up to 75 % of the energy contained in uranium. The new Rapid-L miniature reactors could reach to supply energy in the basement of the apartment buildings and portable (“take- away”) reactors are planned in the future.
Nuclear fuel was also used to power submarines, such as Russia’s doomed Kursk; spacecrafts like Cassini, Galileo and the one who failed, Mars-96; icebreakers, aircraft carriers and other ships. Pentagon briefly evoked the idea of a nuclear-powered aircraft.
Some accidents shattered public confidence in nuclear energy. The worst US nuclear accident happened in 1979, when a cooling system malfunction occurred at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania. The reactor has melted, releasing radioactive gases into the environment. Now there are concerns about the safety of old reactors in the US. Check out our piece on how to survive a nuclear attack for more insight.
The most catastrophic nuclear accident in the world happened at Chernobyl in Ukraine. The control rods were removed from the reactor during a test poorly led, melting and causing massive explosions. The radiation released directly killed 30 people and spread across northern Europe.
The radiation caused by the accident led to thyroid cancer and leukemia, birth defects, infant death and lakes and forests contamination. Three other reactors at Chernobyl were restarted in 1988, but then they were stopped, the last one in 2000 after Western nations have paid Ukraine for its closure. Similar reactors in Eastern Europe can be equally dangerous.
In 1999, 70 people were exposed to radiation at the uranium processing factory in Tokaimura, Japan after the workers have added seven times more uranium than the secure amount in a stabilizing tank. This triggered an uncontrolled chain reaction. Many other dangerous or fatal accidents occurred at Windscale, Sellafield, Mayak, Monju, Tsuruga and Mihama.
On March 11th 2011 a disaster explosion occurred in Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan, which consists of four nuclear reactors. It was caused by the earthquake in the northeast region from 2:46 PM, followed by a large tsunami.
its embedding in glass blocks at nuclear facilities.
Areas that use nuclear power plants include North America, Japan and Europe.
The advantage of nuclear energy is that it doesn’t release carbon dioxide and other gases harmful to the atmosphere.
The disadvantage is that nuclear reactions produce radioactive waste that can be extremely dangerous. People who work near radioactive waste should take strict measures to ensure their health, safety and to protect the environment.
Nuclear power plants are expensive, both for construction and maintenance. This is the reason why lately there are less and less power plants build all over the world.
Do read our informative piece on TOETWAWKI survival and learn how to prepare for any disaster in the future. | http://survival-mastery.com/basics/how-do-nuclear-weapons-work.html |
Practising from a purpose-built centre in the midst of the local North Kensington community, our practice offers the full range of primary general medical services. This includes maternity care, childhood surveillance and minor surgery (by arrangement with your doctor).
In addition we provide a range of services traditionally offered at hospital, but now offered locally in the community. We do not offer all the additional services available out of hospital, but should you need to access any of these services, the GP will direct you to the most convenient site for your treatment. The services now offered at NKMC in addition to General Primary Medical services are as follows:
Phlebotomy (blood samples)
Simple Wound Care
Anti-Coagulation Blood Testing (warfarin monitoring)
Risk of Diabetes and Diabetes Care Level 1
ECG Testing
Mental health and serious mental health/illness services and care planning
Spirometry (measuring lung capacity)
Near Patient Testing
Ring Pessaries
Minor Surgery
24 Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
These services are now offered to both our own patients and those registered at other surgeries
Our PRACTICE NURSE is available for cervical smear tests, contraception services, dressing of wounds, removal of stitches, chronic disease management, diabetes checks, asthma monitoring, blood pressure checks, children’s immunisations, travel vaccinations/advice, gym referrals.
Blood testing (phlebotomy) is also available at the surgery. Please ask a receptionist for more details.
Our Practice Counsellor is available at the surgery by appointment two sessions a week for help with psychological issues including couples counselling. | http://northkensingtonmedicalcentre.nhs.uk/services |
Английский сенсационный роман как успешный коммерческий литературный проект 1860-х гг.
The «honesty-success» alternative decision is the result of a moral choice for every member of the academic community. The this choice social assess-ment depends on the ethoses configuration in concrete society.
Language competence has become an important tool of business success. The review of the research data concerning the correlation between foreign language competence and the economic activity of European companies is given. The role and function of a foreign language in the company performance are considered. The conclusion about reasonable changes in the English language curriculum within the Presidential programme for managerial staff is made.
The university reproduces professional community. Such reproduction is associated not only with the knowledge and skills (human capital), but also social capital. The article contains a distinction between types (levels) of success and criteria for the professional. Such criteria are due the ethos of different professions.
The article centers on the analysis of English sensational novels in terms of their genre features from the point of view of multicultural communication.
The chapter looks at universities in their relation to other entities in society. It proposes new metrics for gaining insight into these relationships. The possibilities for the reorganisation of the relationships between universities, industry and government so as to stimulate economic growth or innovation can themselves be classed as innovations. Whilst universities often are the locus of specific innovations, their broader discursive role provides a means of exploring contesting perspectives on innovation. In doing so, they can contribute to a broader public discourse where some innovations which were once seen to be controversial become normalised. The discourse dynamics illustrated by the Triple Helix allows for the description of this process as one where redundancies of expectation are produced not only within the transactional productions of the academy (i.e. academic papers) but also within the management of institutions surrounding education, including university management, academic quality agencies, institutional ranking organisations, academic journals, as well as other institutions which the university is associated with such as health or law.
The paper is focused on the study of reaction of italian literature critics on the publication of the Boris Pasternak's novel "Doctor Jivago". The analysys of the book ""Doctor Jivago", Pasternak, 1958, Italy" (published in Russian language in "Reka vremen", 2012, in Moscow) is given. The papers of italian writers, critics and historians of literature, who reacted immediately upon the publication of the novel (A. Moravia, I. Calvino, F.Fortini, C. Cassola, C. Salinari ecc.) are studied and analised.
In the article the patterns of the realization of emotional utterances in dialogic and monologic speech are described. The author pays special attention to the characteristic features of the speech of a speaker feeling psychic tension and to the compositional-pragmatic peculiarities of dialogic and monologic text. | https://publications.hse.ru/en/articles/62649179 |
Issues regarding domestic violence and abuse of children are considered to be complex phenomena. Often ecological models are used in order to explain that on different levels – societal, group and individual – factors that are of influence. With some of these aspects can be dealt, while others are more complex to influence. In practice professionals with different disciplinary backgrounds need to collaborate in order to be of assistance to families in need. As a model for collaboration so-called Family Justice Centers (FJC) have been developed. This concept originated in the United States and is nowadays also adopted in Europe. In the Netherlands there is a lot of interest in these FJC’s. In this contribution the impression of two visits two FJC’s in neighboring region Flanders (Belgium) is described. What can we learn from their experiences? What are the challenges of international comparisons of forms of policies and collaborations regarding the care for families and children?
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Gluren bij de buren
Wat kunnen we leren over samenwerken op basis van de Vlaamse ervaringen met Family Justice Centers?
|Tijdschrift||PROCES, Aflevering 3 2020|
|Trefwoorden||Family Justice Center, domestic violence, child abuse, Collaboration|
|Auteurs||Prof. dr. Janine Janssen, Drs. Karlijn Juncker, Teun Haans MSc e.a.|
|SamenvattingAuteursinformatie|
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Professionaliteit als norm in het reclasseringswerk
|Tijdschrift||PROCES, Aflevering 2 2017|
|Trefwoorden||Professionaliteit, praktijkgericht onderzoek, master Forensisch sociale professional, beroepsregister reclasseringswerkers|
|Auteurs||Drs. Anneke Menger|
|SamenvattingAuteursinformatie|
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New demands require probation to invest in high standards of professionalism. Probation officers can nowadays build their professionalism on common values, scientific knowledge, professional discretion and public accountability. Collaboration with universities of applied sciences results in a common research agenda, new degree programs and well-structured post-initial training. Questions yet to answer are how to guarantee professionalism in a context of large professional discretion. Probation seeks answers in facilitating their professionals to do the master degree program forensic social professional, in developing peer audits based on new quality standards and in initiating a professional register.
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Reclassering, beeldvorming en identiteit
|Tijdschrift||PROCES, Aflevering 2 2017|
|Trefwoorden||Probation, Parole, identity advice, probation supervision, community service|
|Auteurs||Prof. dr. Peter van der Laan|
|SamenvattingAuteursinformatie|
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The probation service gives advice to the court tens of thousands of time each year, coordinates tens of thousands of community service orders, and supervises tens of thousands of offenders. This is done professionally and takes place without much incidents or problems. However, the probation is not very well known to the general public. The identity of probation is also ambiguous and therefore not strong. There is less appreciation for the probation than they deserve. This can be met by making the probation service responsible for the implementation of all community-based sanctions (suspended sentences and other conditional modalities and community service orders), similar to the responsibility of the prison system for custodial sanctions and measures. Secondly, by differentiation in the nature and intensity of activities. Many probation clients do well. They represent only a low risk, and probation involvement may be limited. For other clients, more is needed: more activities, greater intensity and focus on criminogenic needs. It is proposed to distinguish between probation and probation plus. In both, probation supervision and community service are at the center, but the plus version is emphatically more focused on rehabilitation and reintegration, and thus on minimizing recidivism. This requires more efforts by the probation service. It also requires adapting the organization: one probation organization that is accountable and responsible for the implementation of community-based sanctions, but with the possibility to outsource work if special expertise and special activities are required.
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Doelen van straffen bereiken door lokale interventies
Taakstraffen in de wijk bezien in het licht van morele straftheorieën en visie van het Openbaar Ministerie
|Tijdschrift||PROCES, Aflevering 6 2015|
|Trefwoorden||community sentencing / taakstraffen, moral theories / morele theorieën, public prosecutor / openbaar ministerie, execution of punishments / executie van straffen|
|Auteurs||Mr. Disa Jironet Loewe en Mr. Leon Plas|
|SamenvattingAuteursinformatie|
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The Dutch prosecutor’s office has set itself the goal of contributing to a safer and just society. This article investigates how a more proactive and innovative approach to the sanctioning of crimes can help towards realizing this goal. The authors take a close look at which types of sanctions could be ‘employed’ for this purpose, and when and how they ought to be executed, in the light of moral retributive and utilitarian theories on punishment. Specifically, the article considers community-sentencing punishments – punishments that are executed locally and in a way that is connected to context (perpetrator, neighbourhood) within which the crime was committed. The authors conclude that a visible connection between the crime and the punishment is vital to achieve the goals set out by the prosecutor’s office. However, at the same time various features of the execution of the punishment need to be considered in order to reach the right effect. This article does not purport to give a single answer these issues, but aspires to indicate where there is unexplored potential in the way community sentences are executed, and hopes to give a framework of what needs to be considered in order to do so effectively.
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‘Trots’, ‘eer’ en ‘medeplichtigheid’: de Vrije Universiteit en Zuid-Afrika
|Tijdschrift||PROCES, Aflevering 6 2014|
|Trefwoorden||Zuid-Afrika, Medeplichtigheid, trots, Vrije Universiteit|
|Auteurs||Harry Wels|
|SamenvattingAuteursinformatie|
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‘Pride’ and ‘honour’ are two concepts that are closely related and in the context of South Africa, are often based on a history of violent battles between various groups in society. VU University Amsterdam has lifelong relations with the historically Afrikaner universities in South Africa. During the Apartheid years the Afrikaner universities scientifically legitimized many of the apartheid policies and practices. In that sense VU University Amsterdam, through its relations to South African counterparts, may be considered complicit with the policies and practices of the Apartheid regime. Consequently, there seems little reason for pride and honour, but rather shame about having sided with academic partners who have at least passively supported the regime? Starting with an explicit acknowledgement of this complicity, the oeuvre of former Archbishop Desmond Tutu may open a path of hope for VUA to contribute to mending past injustices and by, together with its South African academic partners, working towards equality and building new relations in the present South African society.
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Daar doen we het voor! Opbrengsten en effecten van verslavingsreclassering
|Tijdschrift||PROCES, Aflevering 4 2014|
|Trefwoorden||rehabilitating institutions, result indicators, monitoring rehabilitation, drug-addicted offenders|
|Auteurs||Drs. Corine Von Grumbkow en Drs. Ron Van Wonderen|
|SamenvattingAuteursinformatie|
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The SVG aims to improve its ability to show the social relevance of the work done by organizations for the rehabilitation and probation of drug-addicted offenders. As a first step the SVG asked the Verwey-Jonker Institute to develop a monitor which provides structurally insight into the returns of this work. The monitor couples data at the individual client level to relevant indicators. The monitor’s results are very promising. A year after they had come into contact with the rehabilitating institutions, clients committed significantly fewer criminal offences than they did during the year prior to that moment. Contacts with the police decreased as well. | https://www.bjutijdschriften.nl/zoek?search_category=Article&search_journal_code=01650076&search_text=%5C%22rendement%5C%22 |
In State v. Burrus, the WA Court of Appeals held there was sufficient evidence the defendant demonstrated deliberate cruelty to the victim when he poured gasoline on the victim, lit a flare and set the victim on fire.
BACKGROUND FACTS
Mr. Burrus poured gasoline on victim Mr. Busch and threw a lit flare at him, causing him to catch fire. Busch suffered second and third degree burns on 30 percent of his body. The State charged Burrus with attempted first degree murder with the aggravating factor that his conduct manifested deliberate cruelty. The jury found Burrus guilty as charged.
Based on the jury’s finding of deliberate cruelty, the trial court imposed an exceptional upward sentence. The trial court found that the aggravating factor of deliberate cruelty was a compelling reason to justify an exceptional sentence and imposed a sentence of 300 months.
On appeal, Mr. Burrus argued the the trial court erred in imposing an exceptional sentence based on the jury’s finding of deliberate cruelty.
COURT’S RATIONALE & CONCLUSIONS
The Court of Appeals stated that under the Sentencing Reform Act, generally, a court must impose a sentence within the standard range. A court may depart from the guidelines and impose a higher sentence if it finds substantial and compelling reasons. The existence of an aggravating factor may support an exceptional sentence.
Next, the court addressed the issue of whether the lack of comparative evidence meant there was insufficient evidence to supported the jury’s finding of deliberate cruelty.
“Burrus says insufficient evidence supports the jury’s finding of deliberate cruelty,” said the Court of Appeals. “He contends that because the State failed to provide comparative evidence of typical attempted first degree murders, the jury had insufficient evidence to determine whether the facts here were atypical.”
However, the Court of Appeals disagreed with Burrus and held that the State is not required to provide the jury with examples of typical attempted first degree murders:
“It is within a jury’s capability, based on their common sense and common experience, to determine that dousing a person in gasoline, lighting them on fire, and then leaving them to burn is deliberately cruel.” ~WA Court of Appeals
Consequently, the Court also reasoned that Mr. Burrus cannot assert a vagueness challenge to the deliberate cruelty aggravator, either.
Please contact my office if you, a friend or family member are charged with a crime. Hiring an effective and competent defense attorney is the first and best step toward justice. | https://ransom-lawfirm.com/category/violent-crime/ |
The application of cointegration and error correction methodology to estimate aggregate consumption equations relating consumer spending to labor income and household wealth shows unequivocally that wealth has significant effect on consumer spending. Still, the long-term marginal propensity to consume out of equity values is low, indicating that a 1 dollar increase in equity values raises consumption by 3 to 4 cents. Given the explosion in equity values in the 1990s, however, the magnitude of the consumption effect is substantial, adding on average 1 percentage point to the annual growth rate of real GDP since 1995. Wealth does have predictive content for future consumption, indicating that a persistent decline in equity wealth may lead to lower consumer spending.
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If you do not receive a confirmation email, check your junk or spam folder as the email may have been diverted. | https://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/economic_quarterly/2001/spring/mehra |
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I am a Clinical Psychologist with extensive experience in the assessment and treatment of a broad range of clinical problems, including relational issues, parenting difficulties, work related stress, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, grief, and trauma.
I bring empathy, integrity, and warmth to my passion for working with the complexities of the human mind. I offer a therapeutic experience, which is confidential, non-judgemental, and a safe space for clients to work through issues collaboratively. I work relationally and place value on the importance of the therapeutic relationship. Through compassionate engagement and a respectful stance, issues that influence our daily lives, life choices and relationships can be explored in order to enhance inner resources and create an improved understanding of one’s inner world.
I draw on a variety of evidence-based approaches underpinned by a Psychodynamic understanding to inform my work with a range of psychological problems to best serve the individual needs of my clients. This approach is attentive to formative influences in order to bring understanding to current life challenges. In this way we address deeper, underlying issues, which enables the potential to maximise long-term benefits. I tailor my work to my client’s needs by offering focused short-term or long-term psychotherapy. | https://pinkpages.com.au/annie-waterfield-clinical-psychologist-fremantle/11346987/listing |
Dive Brief:
- Training leaders to recognize, understand and consider employees’ emotions may help improve retention and employee satisfaction, according to internal research published Sept. 15 by the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.
- VTT surveyed 850 of its 2,100 employees on subjects in conjunction with an emotional skills training program involving 200 of its leaders. Since the start of the study in spring 2021, VTT said it observed a 25% decrease in the amount of sick days taken, as well as improvements in satisfaction with leadership, performance and well-being.
- The company said the effort tackled needs including improved psychological safety and emotional agency, the latter defined as the awareness, understanding and consideration of both positive and negative emotions at work. These concepts help to provide a safe environment for workers to learn, take risks and innovate, Kirsi Nuotto, VTT’s senior VP of HR, said in a statement.
Dive Insight:
At a time when HR teams have tried just about everything to keep quality employees from leaving, some in the industry have called on organizations to look inward and question mindsets that lead to disengagement. That line of thinking connects to concepts such as psychological safety, which may be defined as the shared belief that a team environment is a safe one in which members are able to take interpersonal risks.
Such ideas have only grown in relevance since the beginning of the pandemic as workers across industries have dealt with constant strains on their mental health. Self-doubt and anxiety have also taken hold in some organizations, causing employees to question whether employers are truly supporting them, according to a recent isolved survey.
HR teams may have an uphill battle to climb in terms of helping their organizations recognize the importance of concepts like emotional intelligence. One pre-pandemic study found that fewer than 20% of organizations emphasized emotional intelligence in their cultures, even as those that did reported higher engagement and productivity levels.
Sources who previously spoke to HR Dive have said that learning and development teams play a key role in building support for emotional intelligence training by, for instance, presenting data to senior leaders on the benefits of positive interactions between team members and managers. This type of training may encompass a broad range of behaviors, including managing disruptive or knee-jerk responses to emotional triggers and tapping into positive emotions, such as confidence and enthusiasm, HR Dive previously reported. | https://www.hrdive.com/news/VTT-Finland-emotional-skills-training-psychological-safety-bolstered-employee-satisfaction/632242/ |
Nature | Invasion of the Killer Whales
Posted
by WMHT Web Editor on
As the ice shrinks in the Arctic, polar bears are struggling to survive in a fast melting world. Although classified a marine mammal, the polar bear is not adapted to hunting in the water. And it is certainly no match for the world’s greatest aquatic hunter — the killer whale. In the last few years, scientists have noted an ever-growing number of killer whales in Arctic waters in the summer months. More and more have been attracted to these hunting grounds by the growing expanse of open water. They attack the same prey as the polar bears: seals, narwhal, belugas and bowhead whales.
| |
Eldon Grove's amazing Easter bonnets
An array of Easter bonnets provided a splash of colour at a Hartlepool school.
Dozens of children at Eldon Grove Academy took part in a project to make the bonnets which were then paraded around the academy.
Early Years Phase Leader Claire Martindale praised the standard of the creations and the parents who helped to make them. She said children from the nursery and reception took part and added: “There were some very creative ideas. We had top hats, baskets and rabbit ears.
“The bonnets were amazing and everyone worked really hard on them.”
Children aged three and four took part in the project and it involved more than 130 children. | https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/news/eldon-groves-amazing-easter-bonnets-396671 |
Would you like to know how to ace a test? Do you feel like, “I’m smart, I’m just not a good test taker?” Test taking requires a certain set of skills that is not always taught in school. Many teachers give tests assuming that if their students know the answers they will perform well on a test, but that is not always the case. So if you’d like to know how to get better grades and really ace a test the next time, read on.
Prepare yourself every class session for learning everything you can in order to be prepared for your test. This means having good attendance, taking notes and really listening during lectures, participating actively in workshops, and asking your teacher for clarification when you need it. For more tips on these skills, see resource links below this article.
Study every night. For tips on how to study effectively, check the resources at the bottom of this article.
Provided you follow those 3 prerequisite steps, you should have the information you need to do your homework. Relax the night before. The night before a test is not the time to cram. Try to relax and get a full night's sleep. Eat a well balanced breakfast (and dinner the night before, for that matter).
Arrive a little early because if you're late you may feel flustered and distracted.
Read the whole test before answering the questions. If you get stuck on part of the test, read the rest of it. Sometimes a question further along in the test gives you a hint or triggers your memory about the question you're stuck on.
"Read" the testing environment. If you're having trouble recalling a specific fact, look around the room. (Not at others' tests, obviously!) But studies show that the visual cues in the environment where you learned a fact can trigger your recall of that fact on a test. If you were looking at the flag when the teacher told you what year WWII started, glancing back at the flag could trigger that memory.
Finally, just as you do when completing assignments, make sure you answer every part of every question. If you're not sure about an answer, it's usually better to go with your best guess than to skip it (but check with the teacher because some tests are graded differently).
Try your best always. Good luck! | https://www.shutthedoorandteach.com/2011/05/how-to-ace-test.html |
This rating is a weighted average of commute time, crime rate, population, median salary, and more.
Overall value
This score adds annual household income and cost of living to the city rating.
Density (Population per mile²)
Compared to New York, Havre de Grace has a very low population density. Havre de Grace is perfect for those who like a quiet city.
City Info
Havre de Grace, MD is a great place to live. It has its pros and cons like any city, but with a quality of life rating of 8/10 and an overall value of 8/10, it’s no surprise why so many people choose to live here.
Population density is a way of determining how crowded an area is. Havre de Grace has a population density of 3,308, with 13,313 current residents.
Out of the 13,313 current residents, 48% are male and 52% are female. 59% of the residents are married and 41% are single.
Residence
Air quality
Weather
- 59% Sun
- 42% Rain
- 12% Snow
Condition
56°F average temperature
- 32 years Median home age
- $254,630 Median home price
- -3.87% Home appreciation rate
- 10.49% Annual property tax
-
54.7%Homes owned
-
35.9%Homes rented
-
9.4%Homes vacant
Residence
As for living in Havre de Grace, the air quality is 24% and the weather, on average, is 59% sunny, 42% rainy, and 12% snowy. The average temperature is 56°F.
Whether you’re looking to buy or rent a home in Havre de Grace, you should know that 54.7% of homes are owned while 35.9% of homes are rented, and 9.4% of homes are vacant. The median price of a home is $254,630, the median age of homes is 32 years, the annual home appreciation is -3.87% and the annual property tax is 10.49%.
Community
Religious diversity
-
Crime rate (per 100,000)6
-
Average age38
-
Political majorityRepublican
Community
When looking at the community of Havre de Grace, it’s important to determine the crime rate. Havre de Grace’s crime rate is 6 total number of crimes reported per 100,000 total population. The average age of residents in Havre de Grace is 38 years and the breakdown of political affiliations is 39.38% Democratic, 58.19% Republican, and 2.43% Independent.
Locale
Unemployment
Education
Student teacher ratio 1:14
Occupation
-
Management, Business, Art & Sciences
14.2%
-
Sales & Office Occupations
26.7%
-
Service Occupations
13%
-
Production, Transportation & Material Moving
14.6%
-
Natural Resources, Construction & Maintenance
10.3%
-
82%High school diploma
-
7%Some college or associates degree
-
15%Bachelors degree
-
8%Graduate or professional degree
Locale
When looking at Havre de Grace, it’s important to understand employment statistics. 7.20% of residents are unemployed in Havre de Grace (which does not include the percentage of residents who are no longer in the labor force). Of the employed Havre de Grace residents: 14.2% of employed residents work in the management and business field, 21.17% are in the arts and sciences field, 13% are in the customer service field, 26.7% are in the sales field, 0.03% work in farming, fishing, and forestry, 10.3% of employed residents work in the construction field, and 14.6% work in production. When it comes to education, the ratio of teachers to students is 1:14. The percentage of residents who have graduated high school is 81.91%, 7.18% of residents have an associate’s degree, 14.78% of residents have a bachelor’s degree, and 8.32% have a master’s degree.
Transit
Average commute time
Daily breakdown: by transport type
-
Public
transportation
-
Car
-
Carpool
-
Work at home
Transit
If you plan on commuting to work in Havre de Grace, you should be aware that the average commute time is 30 minutes, compared to the national average commute time of 26 minutes. When it comes to commuting, residents of Havre de Grace have a few different options. 77% of commuters use their own cars, 11% of commuters carpool, 2% of commuters use the transit system, and 2% of residents work from home. | https://www.homeyou.com/havre-de-grace-md |
This invention relates to a novel polyprenyl compound having an excellent medicinal effect. Polyprenyl compounds, especially polyprenyl carboxylic acid amides and similar derivatives have been described in EP-A-30 009, GB-A-2,058,782, EP-A-92695, US-A-3,773,805 and US-A-4,107,190.
1
2
3
4
5
More particularly, this invention relates to a polyprenyl compound represented by the general formula:
wherein X represents a group of the formula
(wherein R and R, which may be the same or different, represent each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, or a lower alkenyl group); a group of the formula:
(wherein A including the N atom shown represents a ring containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms); or a group of the formula:
(wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and R represents a lower alkyl group); Y represents a group of the formula:
or a group of the formula:
(wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group), and n represents an integer of from 2 to 5, to a process for producing the same, and to a medicine containing the same.
In the definition of the compound (I) of this invention, the lower alkyl groups refer to linear or branched alkyl groups of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, 1-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, isoamyl and n-hexyl groups, and the lower alkenyl groups refer to those derived from the above-mentioned lower alkyl groups.
In the definition of a group of the formula:
A including the N atom shown refers to a ring containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Typical examples of these rings are five- and six-membered rings and preferably include those represented by
Although it is probable from its structure that the polyprenyl compound of this invention takes a variety of forms of stereoisomers (e.g., cis- and trans-isomers), any of these stereoisomers may be included in this invention.
The compound of this invention may be produced by a variety of methods, and typical processes among them are set forth below: Production Process A
1
2
Cases wherein, in formula (1), X represents a group of the formula:
(wherein R and R are the same as defined above) or a group of the formula:
(wherein A is the same as defined above), and n is the same as defined above).
In formula (III) above, Hal, represents a halogen atom.
Namely, a polyprenylcarboxylic acid represented by formula (II) is reacted with thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride to form an acyl halide (III), which is reacted by a usual method with a compound represented by formula (IV) or (V) to form the desired substance (1') or (II') as an amide. In each of steps 1 and 2, the reaction may be effected more smoothly when carried out in the presence of, if necessary, an organic solvent such as benzene, toluene, chloroform, isopropyl ether, nitromethane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, or dioxane.
1
2
In the above formulas (II), (IV), (V), (I') and (II'), n, R, R, A, and Y are the same as defined above.
Namely, a polyprenylcarboxylic acid represented by formula (II) is reacted with a compound (IV) or (V) by using a condensing agent such as p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, ethyl chlorocarbonate, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diethyl chlorophosphate, or diphenylphosphoric amide optionally in the presence of an organic solvent such as benzene, toluene, chloroform, isopropyl ether, nitromethane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, or dioxane to form an amide compound [(I') or (II')].
3
4
Cases wherein, in formula (I), X represents a group of the formula:
(wherein R and R are the same as defined above), and Y and n are the same as defined above,
Namely, a polyprenylcarboxylic acid represented by formula (II) is aminated by reaction with a compound of formula (VI) according to, for example, the method of Production Process A to form a compound (VII), which is reduced to an amine represented by formula (VIII). This amine is amidated with a carboxylic acid represented by formula (IX) or a reactive acid derivative such as an acyl halide according to, for example, the method of Production Process A to form the desired substance (I").
This amidation is carried out according to the method described in Production Process A. The reduction is carried out by using, for example, lithium aluminum hydride or diborane. The solvent suitable for this case includes tetrahydrofuran and methylene chloride.
The polyprenyl compound which is provided by this invention exhibits an excellent effect of inhibiting gastric acid secretion and is useful as a drug for treating and preventing peptic ulcer.
Although there are still different views about the cause of peptic ulcer, it is essentially thought to be developed by the disturbance of a balance between ulcer-promoting factors and protective factors. Therefore, it can be generally said that medicines which can inhibit the secretion of the acid and pepsin and strengthen a mucosal protective action are ideal drugs for peptic ulcer.
2
At present, antagonists to histamine H receptors which are more specific to gastric acid secretion have been spotlighted by the advent of Cimetidine, and have received international appreciation. Therefore, studies and development of medicines of this kind are being made actively in various countries.
However, the medicines of this kind have problems of a rebound phenomenon of acid secretion, recidivation, and reinflammation, and these problems have recently come to the fore. Presumably, this may result from the marked deviation from the physiological environment of the stomach and from the regeneration of the epithelium, with the fundus of the ulcer being left unripe.
Meanwhile, anticholinergic agents have less organ-specificity in their effects so that it is difficult to differentiate their effect of inhibiting gastric acid secretion from other pharmacological effects, thus limiting the scope of application inevitably.
Although antacids, pepsin antagonists, gastrin antagonists, and drugs for mucosa protection and anagenesis acceleration are available as drugs for peptic ulcer such as gastric or duodenal ulcer, none of these are satisfactory because of various side effects and large individual differences among patients. Therefore, it is eagerly demanded to develop an ideal, versatile drug for treating and preventing peptic ulcer.
As a result of extensive studies which have long been repeated to develop an ideal drug for peptic ulcer which inhibits secretion of acid and pepsin and strengthens mucosa protection ability, the inventors of this invention have found that a polyprenyl compound represented by the following chemical structure can satisfy this object, and achieved this invention.
1
2
3
4
5
Namely, this invention relates to a polyprenyl compound represented by the general formula:
wherein X represents a group of the formula:
(wherein R and R, which may be the same or different, represent each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, or a lower alkenyl group); a group of the formula:
(wherein A including the N atom shown represents a ring containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms); or a group of the formula:
(wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and R represents a lower alkyl group); Y represents a group of the formula:
or a group of the formula:
(wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group), and n represents an integer of from 2 to 5.
Although the compound of this invention is essentially a polyprenyl compound as evident from formula (I), its feature is that it carries functional groups at both of its terminals.
The characteristics of the compound of this invention as a drug for peptic ulcer are that it can be distributed and transferred especially to the gastric tissue in high percentages; that its effect of inhibiting acid secretion is thought to be exhibited at peripheries, because no cholinergic action is observed and no indication of a central action can be seen; that it has a character concerning sugar protein synthesis; and that it has extremely high safety.
Therefore, the compound of this invention is useful as a drug for treating and preventing peptic ulcers such as gastric ulcer, and further as a drug for treating and preventing gastritis and duodenitis.
According to the method of H. Shay et a. described in Gastroenterology, Vol. 5, p. 43 (1945), Wistar strain male rats each weighing about 200 g were not given any diet for 24 hours, and their pyloric segments were ligated under etherization. After four hours, the stomachs were excised under deep etherization, and the contents of the stomachs were collected. After determination of the amount, the gastric juice was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes and the supernatant liquid was titrated by neutralization (at a pH 7.0) with N/50-NaOH by means of an automatic titrator (TTA 81, Radiometer, Copenhagen) to determine the acidity. The amount of the acid which had been secreted for four hours was calculated from the volume of the gastric juice and the acidity. The results are represented in terms of % inhibition with respect to the control group. Each of the compounds tested was emulsified in a 25% decaglyn mixture (polyglycerin fatty acid ester), and 100 mg/pg (dose 0.2 ml/100 g weight) was administered to the duodenum during the ligation of the pyloric segment. In the control group, only the solvent was administered. The results are shown in Table 1.
According to the method of Shayet al. described in Gastroenterology, Vol 5, p. 43 (1945), Wistar strain male rats each weighing about 300 g were not given any diet for 48 hours, and then their pyloric segments were ligated. After 15 hours, the abdomen of each of the rats was opened, and the stomach was excised. The stomach was cut open along the side of the greater curvature, and the ulcers developed on the fore- stomach were classified and evaluated with the naked eye into five stages. The larger ulcer index means the more ulcers and index V refers to an example of perforation. The medicines were evaluated by determining their mean ± standard error. Compound B which had a powerful action of inhibiting acid secretion in Test 1, i.e. N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenyol)diethylamine, was selected as the test medicine and emulsified in a 2.5% decaglyn mixture, and 25 to 200 mg/kg (dose volume 0.2 ml/100 g weight) was administered to the duodenum during the ligation of the pylorus. Cimetidine and propantheline were selected as control medicines.
The results are shown in Table 2.2. Effect on Ethanol-induced Ulcer
According to the method of Robert et al., 1 ml/rat of absolute ethanol was administered orally to each of Wistar male rats. After one hour, the stomach of each rat was excised, 10 ml of physiologically saline solution was injected into the stomach, and the stomach was soaked in 5% neutral formalin. Each stomach was cut open along the side of the greater curvature, and the ulcers developed on the glandular stomach were measured for their lengths and the total sum of the lengths was defined as ulcer index.
Compound B, i.e. N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)diethylamine, and compound F, i.e. N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)pyrrolidine, were selected as test compounds and emulsified in 2.5% decaglyn mixture, and 12.5 to 100 mg/kg (dose volume 0.2 ml/ 100 g-weight) was administered orally 30 minutes before administration of ethanol.
The results are shown in Table 3.
The results of the above pharmacological experiments clearly show that the compounds of this invention have an excellent effect of inhibiting acid secretion.
so
50
The compound of this invention is useful as a drug for treating and preventing peptic ulcer such as gastric or duodenal ulcer and as a drug for treating and preventing gastritis or duodenitis as well. Because of the natures of these diseases, this compound must be administered continuously for a long time, but the compound of this invention shows extremely low toxicity and high safety so that it is valuable in this sense. Its toxicity (LD) is such that the LD (mouse, orally) is above 5,000 mg/kg for compounds D and F.
Though the dose of the compound of this invention which is given to patients of the above-mentioned diseases is not particularly limited and varies with the kind of a disease, the severity of condition, the kind of a compound, the age of a patient, etc., it is administered orally or parenterally in a dose of 500 to 2,000 mg, preferably 50 to 300 mg per adult-day. The compound is administered preferably in divided portions (2 to 4 times a day). The dose forms include, for example, powder, fine granules, granules, capsules, and injections. The drugs are prepared from the compounds by using a usual carrier in a conventional method.
Namely, an oral solid preparation is produced by mixing a basis with an excipient and, optionally, a binder, a disintegrator, a lubricant, a colorant, and a corrigent, and forming the mixture into tablets, coated tablets, granules, powder, capsules, etc., by a usual method.
The excipients include, for example, lactose, cornstarch, white sugar, dextrose, sorbitol, crystalline cellulose, and silicon dioxide. The binders include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, gum arabic, tragacanth, gelatin, shellac, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl-starch, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The disintegrators include, for example, starch, agar- agar, gelatin powder, crystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, calcium citrate, and pectin. The lubricants include, for example, magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol, silica, and hardened vegetable oils. The colorants include compound which are acceptable as additives to drugs. The corrigent include cocoa powder, menthol, aromatic powder, peppermint oil, borneol, and cinnamon powder. It is of course possible to apply sugar, gelatin, or other suitable coatings to these tablets or granules.
An injection is prepared by mixing a basis with, optionally, a pH controlling agent, a buffer agent, a stabilizer, a solubilizer, etc., and forming the mixture by a usual method into a hypodermic, intramuscular or intraveneous injection.
Now the description will be given of an example of a preparation containing, as an effective ingredient, N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)pyrrolidine (Example 9) (hereinafter referred to as a basis) which is a typical compound of the compounds of this invention.
According to the above recipe, tablets (each weighing 180 mg) were formed by a usual method.
Part of the examples of this invention will now be described, but it should be noted that this invention is by no means limited thereto.
5 g of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene, 3.3 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto, and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. The obtained solution was added dropwise to 10 ml of a 50% aqueous dimethylamine solution under cooling with ice. The resulting solution was agitated as such for 30 minutes, washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 4.9 g (yield: 91 %) of the title compound.
Elementary analysis: as C2,,H4102N
+.
Mass (m/z): 387 M
1
3
H-NMR (CDCI) δ: 1.59 (9H, s), 1.82 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (14H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 2.96 (6H, s), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.4-5.6 (1H).
5 g of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid was dissolved in a mixture of 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 5 ml of triethylamine, to which was added 2.9 g of diethyl chlorophosphate and the mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. The mixture was added dropwise to 5 ml of a 50% aqueous dimethylamine solution and the resulting mixture was agitated furtherfor30 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with benzene. After washing with water, the organic layer was concentrated, and the residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 4.6 g (yield: 86%) of the title compound.
5 g of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene, 3.3 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. After vacuum concentration, the concentrate was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene, to which was added 5 ml of diethylamine under cooling with ice, and the resulting solution was agitated for 30 minutes.
The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 5 g (yield: 87%) of the title compound.
7
45
2
+
Mass (m/z): 415 M.
'H-NMR (CDC13) δ: 1.12 (6H, t, J=4),1.60 (9H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (14H), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.34 (4H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.5 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as C2H0N
5 g of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid was dissolved in a mixture of 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 5 ml of triethylamine, to which was added 2.9 g of diethy chlorophosphate, and the mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. After adding 0.8 g of diethylamine, the mixture was further agitated for 30 minutes.
The reaction solution was poured into dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with benzene.
The organic layer was washed and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 5.2 g (yield: 90%) of the title compound.
5 g of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-ox-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene, 3.3 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 5 ml of dipropylamine was added dropwise thereto under cooling with ice. The resulting mixture was agitated as such for 30 minutes.
The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 5.5 g (yield: 89%) of the title compound.
29
49
2
+
Mass (m/z): 443 M.
1
3
1
60
H-NMR (CDCI) δ: 0.86 (6H, t, J=4), . (9H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.1-2.5 (18H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.1-3.3 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.5 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
5 g of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 3.3 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto and agitated for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 5 ml of diisopropylamine was added dropwise thereto, and the mixture was agitated as such for 30 minutes.
The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 5.7 g (yield: 92%) of the title compound.
29
49
2
+
Mass (m/z): 443 M.
1
3
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.29 (12H, d, J=4), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (14H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=), 3.5-3.8 (2H), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.2-5.4 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
5 g of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 3.3 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto, and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The obtained solution was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 5 ml of n-dibutylamine was added dropwise thereto under cooling with ice, and the mixture was agitated as such for 30 minutes.
The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 5.4 g (yield: 83%) of the title compound.
31
53
2
+
Mass (m/z): 471 M.
1
3
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 0.86 (6H, t, J=4), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.86 (3H, s), 1.1-2.5 (22H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.29 (2H, t, J=3), 3.1-3.3 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.5 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
5 g of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 3.3 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 5 ml of diisobutylamine was added dropwise thereto under cooling with ice. The mixture was agitated as such for 30 minutes.
The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 5.8 g (yield: 89%) of the title compound.
31
53
2
+
Mass (m/z): 471 M.
1
3
H-NMR (CDCI) 5: 0.84 (12H, d, J=4), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.79 (3H, s), 1.1-2.5 (18H), 2.12 (3H, s), 3.17 (4H, d, J=6), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.6 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
5 g of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 3.3 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. The solution was added dropwise under cooling with ice to 30 ml of 28% ammonia water. The resulting mixture was agitated as such for 30 minutes.
The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 4.1 g (yield: 82%) of the title compound.
23
37
2
+
Mass (m/z): 359 M.
3
'H-NMR (CDCl) 5: 1.60 (9H, s), 1.84 (3H, s), 1.90-2.5 (14H), 2.13 (3H, s), 2.32 (2H, t, J=3), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.5-5.8 (1H), 6.2-6.5 (2H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
The following compounds were obtained by using the compounds set forth below as starting materials in the same way as in Example 7.
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid and a 70% aqueous ethylamine solution.
25
41
2
+
Mass (m/z): 387 M.
1
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.16 (3H, t, J=4), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.83 (3H, s), 1.9-2.6 (14H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.27 (2H, t, J=3), 3.1-3.5 (2H), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.5-5.8 (1H), 6.1-6.3 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
27
43
2
+
Mass (m/z): 413 M.
1
3
H―NMR (CDCI) δ: 1.59 (9H, s), 1.83 (3H, s), 1.9-2.4 (18H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.3―3.6 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid and pyrrolidine Elementary analysis: as CH0N
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid and piperidine.
28
45
2
+.
Mass (m/z): 427 M
1
3
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.58 (9H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (20H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.29 (2H, t, J=3), 3.3―3.6 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.6 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid and 3-pyrroline.
27
41
2
+
Mass (m/z): 411 M.
1
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.59 (9H, s), 1.85 (3H, s), 1.9-2.6 (14H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.29 (2H, t, J=3), 4.1―4.3 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.5-5.9 (2H), 6.29 (1 H, t, J=1).
Elementary analysis: as CH0N
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid and imidazole (imidazole/pyridine solution).
26
38
2
+
Mass (m/z): 410 M.
1
3
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.58 (9H, s), 1.82 (3H, s), 2.11 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (16H), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 6.9-7.0 (1H), 7.0―7.1 (1H), 7.5-7.7 (1H), 8.29 (1H, s).
Elementary analysis: CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadeatetraenoic acid and morpholine.
27
43
3
+
Mass (m/z): 429 M.
1
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.60 (9H, s), 1.82 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (16H), 2.12 (3H, s), 3.3-3.8 (8H), 4.9―5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.6 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
(1) 5 g of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 3.3 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. The solution was added dropwise as such to 30 ml of ammonia water under cooling with ice, and the mixture was agitated as such for 30 minutes.
(2) The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 100 ml of benzene, and 8.6 g of ethylene glycol and 0.3 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added thereto. The mixture was heated for 5 hours under reflux by using an azeotropic dehydration tube. The reaction solution was washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and 5 ml of a toluene solution of (2-methoxyethoxy)-aluminum sodium was added thereto under cooling with ice. The mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. An aqueous caustic soda solution was added to the reaction solution, and the product was extracted therefrom with ether, washed with water, and concentrated.
The residue was dissolved in ethanol. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added thereto and the mixture was allowed to stand at 50°C for 2 hours and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in 5 ml of pyridine, 5 ml of acetic anhydride was added thereto and the solution was allowed to stand for 2 hours.
The reaction solution was poured into dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with benzene. The organic layer was washed with water and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 1.8 (yield: 34%) of the title compound.
25
41
2
+.
Mass (m/z): 387 M
3
'H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.59 (12H, s), 2.00 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (16H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 4.9―5.3 (4H), 6.1-7.1 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
The following compounds were obtained in the same way as described in Example 14. The starting materials uses in (1) were 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid and the following compounds instead of ammonia, and those used in (2) were the following compounds instead of acetic anhydride.
26
43
2
Elementary analysis: as CH0N
+
Mass (m/z): 401 M.
1
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.16 (3H, t, J=4), 1.60 (12H, s), 1.9-2.5 (16H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 3.1-3.6 (2H), 4.9-5.3 (4H), 6.1-7.1 (1H).
Starting materials: (1) 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid and ammonia water; (2) propionyl chloride.
Starting materials: (1) 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid and aqueous ethylamine solution;
27
45
2
+
Mass (m/z): 415 M.
1
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.0-1.4 (3H), 1.60 (12H, s), 1.9-2.5 (16H), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 3.1-3.6 (2H), 4.9-5.3 (4H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: (1) 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid and aqueous ethylamine solution; (2) propionyl chloride.
28
47
2
+
Mass (m/z): 429M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.0-1.4 (6H), 1.60 (12H, s), 2.12 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (16H), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 3.1-3.6 (4H), 4.9-5.3 (4H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
5 g of 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10,14-pentadecatrienoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 4.1 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. The solution was added dropwise under cooling with ice to 10 ml of a 50% aqueous dimethylamine solution, and the mixture was agitated as such for 30 minutes. The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 5.0 g (yield: 92%) of the title compound.
20
33
2
+.
Mass (m/z): 319M
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.60 (6H, s), 1.82 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (10H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.29 (2H, t, J=3), 2.96 (6H, s), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.4-5.6 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
The following compounds were obtained in the same way as in Example 18. Although the starting materials used in Example 18 were 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and an aqueous dimethylamine solution, the following starting materials were used in place of them for the synthesis.
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and diethylamine.
22
37
2
+
Mass (m/z): 347M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.11 (6H, t, J=4), 1.59 (6H, s), 1.82 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (10H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and n-dipropylamine.
24
41
2
+
Mass (m/z): 375M.
1
3
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 0.87 (6H, t, J=4), 159 (6H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.1-2.5 (14H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=), 3.1-3.3 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (2H, 5.3-5.5 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CH0N
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and diisopropylamine.
24
41
2
+.
Mass (m/z): 375M
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 129 (12H, d, J=4), 1.60 (6H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (10H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.5-3.8 (2H), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.2-5.4 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienic acid and n-dibutylamine.
23
45
2
+
Mass (m/z): 403M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 0.87 (6H, t, J=4), 1.59 (6H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.1-2.5 (18H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.1-3.3 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.5 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and diisobutylamine.
26
45
2
+.
Mass (m/z): 403M
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 0.84 (12H, d, J=4), 1.59 (6H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.1-2.5 (14H), 2.11 (3H, s), 3.18 (4H, d, J=6), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.6 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and ammonia water (28% ammonia water).
18
29
2
+
Mass (m/z): 291 M.
1
3
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.60 (6H, s), 1.83 (3H, s), 1.9―2.5 (10H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.33 (2H, t, J=), 4.9―5.2 (2H), 5.5―5.8 (1H), 6.2―6.5 (2H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and ethylamine (70% aqueous ethylamine solution).
20
33
2
+
Mass (m/z): 319M.
1
3
4
1
60
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.15 (3H, t, J=), . (6H, s), 1.82 (3H, s), 1.9-2.6 (10H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.1-3.5 (2H), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.5-5.8 (1H), 6.1―6.3 (1H).
Elementarv analvsis: as CHON .
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and pyrrolidine.
22
35
2
+
Mass (m/z): 345M.
1
3
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.60 (6H, s), 1.82 (3H, s), 1.9-2.4 (14H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=), 3.3-3.6 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.5-5.7 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CHSON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and piperidine
23
37
2
+
Mass (m/z): 359M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.59 (6H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (16H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.3―3.6 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.6 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and 3-pyrroline.
22
33
2
+.
Mass (m/z): 343M
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.60 (6H, s), 1.85 (3H, s), 1.9-2.6 (10H), 2.11 (2H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 4.1-4.3 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.5-5.9 (2H), 6.28 (1H, t, J=1).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and imidazole (imidazole/ pyridine solution).
21
30
2
2
+
Mass (m/z): 342M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.59 (6H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 2.12 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (12H), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 6.9-7.0 (1H), 7.0-7.1 (1H), 7.5-7.7 (1H), 8.29 (1H, s).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and morpholine.
22
35
3
+.
Mass (m/z): 361M
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.60 (6H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (12H), 2.12 (3H, s), 3.3-3.8 (8H), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.6 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
5 g of a starting material, i.e., 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10-14-18-tricosapentaenoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 2.8 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. The solution was added dropwise under cooling with ice to 10 ml of a 50% aqueous dimethylamine solution, and the mixture was agitated as such for 30 minutes.
The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography to obtain 4.5 g (yield: 85%) of the title compound.
3o
49
2
Elementary analysis: as CH0N
+
Mass (m/z): 455M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.59 (12H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (18H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3),. 2.95 (6H, s), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.4-5.6 (1H).
The following compounds were obtained in the same way as in Example 31. Although the starting materials used in Example 31 were 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and dimethylamine, the desired compounds in the following examples were obtained by replacing these starting materials with the compounds described below.
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and diethylamine.
32
53
2
+
Mass (m/z): 483M.
1
3
4
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.11 (6H, t, J=), 1.61 (12H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (18H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.33 (4H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.3-5.5 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and n-dipropylamine.
34
57
2
+
Mass (m/z): 511M.
1
3
59
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 0.85 (6H, t, J=4), 1. (12H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.1-2.5 (22H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.1-3.3 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.3-5.5 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and diisopropylamine.
34
57
2
+
Mass (m/z): 511M.
1
3
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.30 (12H, d, J=4), 1.60 (12H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (18H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.27 (2H, t, J=), 3.5-3.8 (2H), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.2-5.4 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and n-dibutylamine.
36
61
2
+.
Mass (m/z): 539M
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 0.85 (6H, t, J=4), 1.60 (12H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.1-2.5 (26H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.1-3.3 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.3-5.5 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and diisobutylamine.
36
61
2
+
Mass (m/z): 539M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 0.85 (12H, d, J=4),1.61 (12H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.1-2.5 (22H), 2.11 (3H, s), 3.16 (4H, d, J=6), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.3-5.6 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and ammonia water (28% ammonia water).
28
45
2
+
Mass (m/z): 427M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.59 (12H, s), 1.84 (3H, s), 1.9―2.5 (18H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.31 (2H, t, J=3), 4.9―5.2 (4H), 5.5-5.8 (1H), 6.2-6.5 (2H).
Elementarv analvsis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and ethylamine (70% aqueous ethylamine solution).
30
49
2
+
Mass (m/z): 455M.
1
3
1
61
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.15 (3H, t, J=4), . (12H, s), 1.82 (3H, s), 1.9-2.6 (18H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.27 (2H, t, J=3), 3.1-3.5 (2H), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.5-5.8 (1H), 6.1-6.3 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and pyrrolidine.
32
51
3
+
Mass (m/z): 481 M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.60 (12H, s), 1.82 (3H, s), 1.9―2.4 (22H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.3―3.6 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.5-5.7 (1 H).
Elementarv analvsis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and piperidine
33
53
2
3
+
1
Elementarv analvsis: as CHON
Mass (m/z): 495M. H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.59 (12H, s), 1.80 (3H, s). 1.9-2.5 (24H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.3-3.6 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.3-5.6 (1 H).
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and 3-pyrroline
32
49
2
+
Mass (m/z): 479M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.60 (12H, s), 1.85 (3H, s), 1.9―2.6 (18H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 4.1―4.3 (4H), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.5-5.9 (2H), 6.30 (1H, t, J=1).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and imidazole (imidazole/pyridine solution).
31
46
2
+
Mass (m/z): 478M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.59 (12H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 2.12 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (20H), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 6.9-7.0 (1H), 7.0-7.1 (1H), 7.5-7.7 (1H), 8.29 (1H, s).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and morpholine
32
51
3
+
Mass (m/z): 497M.
1
3
H-NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.60 (12H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (20H), 2.11 (2H, s), 3.3-3.8 (8H), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.3-5.6 (1 H).
Elementarv analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and diethanolamine.
22
37
4
+.
Mass (m/z): 379M
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.59 (6H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9―2.5 (10H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.2―3.8 (8H), 4.3―4.5 (2H), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.5 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid and tertbutylethylamine.
24
41
2
+
Mass (m/z): 375M.
1
3
4
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 1.11 (3H, t, J=4), 1.60 (6H, s), 1.82 (3H, s), 1.9-2:5 (10H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.29 (2H, t, J=3), 3.35 (4H, q, J=), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.4-5.6 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CH0N
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14,-nonadecatetraenoic acid and diethanolamine
27
45
4
+
Mass (m/z): 447M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.59 (9H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (14H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.2―3.8 (8H), 4.3-4.5 (2H), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.4-5.6 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14,-nonadecatetraenoic acid and tertbutylethylamine.
29
49
2
+
Mass (m/z): 439M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 0.90 (9H, s), 1.12 (3H, t, J=4), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 2.12 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (14H), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.34 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.5 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
+.
Mass (m/z): 515M
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.61 (12H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.9―2.5 (18H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.2―3.8 (8H), 4.3-4.5 (2H), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.3-5.5 (1 H).
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and diethanolamine
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid and tertbutylethylamine
34
57
2
Mass (m/z): 511M* .
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 0.90 (9H, s), 1.11 (3H, t, J=4), 1.60 (12H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (18H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.35 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (4H), 5.4-5.6 (1H).
Elementarv analysis: as CHON
5 g of 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 4.1 g of thionyl chloride was added thereto and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. The solution was added dropwise under cooling with ice to 30 ml of 28% ammonia water, and the resulting solution was agitated as such for 30 minutes. The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 100 ml of benzene. 10.6 g of ethylene glycol and 0.3 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added thereto and the resulting mixture was heated under reflux for 5 hours by using an azeotropic dehydration tube. The reaction solution was washed with a sodium bicarbonate solution and then with water, and concentrated.
The residue was dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, to which was added dropwise 6 ml of a 70% solution of bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum sodium hydride in toluene under cooling with ice and the mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. An aqueous caustic soda solution was added to the reaction solution, and the product was extracted with ether from the mixture, washed with water, and concentrated.
The residue was dissolved in ethanol. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added thereto and the mixture was allowed to stand at 50°C for 2 hours and concentrated in vacuum. 5 ml of pyridine and 5 ml of acetic anhydride were added thereto, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 hours. The reaction solution was poured into dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with benzene. The organic layer was washed with water and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 1.5 g (yield: 27%) of the title compound.
2o
33
2
Elementary analysis: as CH0N
+
Mass (m/z): 319M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.60 (9H, s), 2.02 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (12H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 4.9-5.3 (3H), 6.1-7.1 (1H)..
The following compounds were synthesized in the same way as described in Example 50. The compounds described in each example were used as the starting materials instead of the underlined compounds in Example 44, namely 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid, ammonia water, and acetic anhydride. (The order of the starting compound corresponds to the above order.)
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid; ammonia water (28% ammonia water); and propionyl chloride.
21
35
2
+.
Mass (m/z): 333M
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.15 (3H, t, J=4), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.9-2.5 (2H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 3.1-3.6 (2H), 4.9-5.3 (3H), 6.1-7.1 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid; ethylamine (70% aqueous ethylamine solution); and acetic anhydride.
22
37
2
+
Mass (m/z): 347M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.0-1.4 (3H), 1.59 (9H, s), 1.9-2.5 (12H), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.6-2.7 (2H), 3.1-3.6 (2H), 4.9-5.3 (3H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoic acid; ethylamine (70% aqueous ethylamine solution) and propionyl chloride.
23
39
2
+
Mass (m/z): 361M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.0-1.4 (6H), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.9―2.5 (12H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 3.1-3.6 (4H), 4.9-5.3 (3H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid; ammonia water (28% ammonia water); and acetic anhydride.
30
49
2
M
.
Mass (m/z): 455T.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.60 (15H, s), 2.01 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (20H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 4.9-5.3 (5H), 6.1-7.1 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid; ammonia water (28% ammonia water); and propionyl chloride.
31
51
2
+
Mass (m/z): 469M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.15 (3H, t, J=4), 1.59 (15H, s), 1.9-2.5 (20H), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 3.1-3.6 (2H), 4.9-5.3 (5H), 6.1-7.1 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid; ethylamine (70% aqueous ethylamine solution); and acetic anhydride.
32
53
2
+
Mass (m/z): 483M.
1
3
H―NMR(CDCl)δ: 1.0-1.4 (3H), 1.59 (15H, s), 1.9-2.5 (20H), 2.02 (3H, s), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 3.1-3.6 (2H), 4.9-5.3 (5H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoic acid; ethylamine (70% aqueous ethylamine solution); and propionyl chloride.
33
55
2
+.
Mass (m/z): 497 M
1
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.0-1.4 (6H), 1.61 (15H, s), 2.11 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (20H), 2.7-2.9 (2H), 3.1-3.6 (4H), 4.9-5.3 (5H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
5 g of 11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoic acid was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. 4.1 g of thinyl chloride was added thereto and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum and dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. The solution was added dropwise under cooling with ice to 10 ml of a 50% aqueous dimethylamine solution, and the mixture was agitated as such for 30 minutes.
The reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then with water, and concentrated. The residue was purified by means of silica gel chromatography to obtain 4.7 g (yield: 86%) of the title compound.
19
31
3
+
Mass (m/z): 321 M.
1
3
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.26 (3H, t, J=4), 1.60 (6H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.3 (8H), 2.96 (6H, s), 4.14 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (1H), 5.3-5.5 (1 H), 5.5-5.7 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
The following compounds were synthesized in the same way as described in Example 58. The compounds described in each example were used as the starting materials instead of the underlined compounds in Example 52, namely, 11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoic acid and dimethylamine.
Starting materials: 11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoic acid and diethylamine.
21
35
3
+
Mass (m/z): 349 M.
1
3
1
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.12 (6H, t, J=4), 1.26 (3H, t, J=4), .60 (6H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.9-2.3 (8H), 3.34 (4H, q, J=4), 4.15 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (1H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials:. 11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoic acid and n-dipropylamine.
23
39
3
Elementarv analysis: as CHON
+
Mass (m/z): 377 M.
1
3
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 0.87 (6H, t, J=4), 1.25 (3H, t, J=4), 1.1―2.3 (12H), 1.59 (6H, s), 1.81 (3H, s),3.1―3.3 (4H), 4.15 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (1H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Starting materials: 11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoic acid and diisopropylamine.
23
39
3
+
Mass (m/z): 377 M.
1
3
4
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.26 (3H, t, J=4), 1.31 (12H, d, J=4), 1.60 (6H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.9-2.3 (8H), 3.5-3.8 (2H), 4.15 (2H, q, J=), 4.9-5.2 (1H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoic acid and pyrrolidine.
21
33
3
+
Mass (m/z): 347 M.
1
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ:1.26 (3H, t, J=4), 1.60 (6H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (12H), 3.3-3.6 (4H), 4.15 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (1H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementarv analvsis: as CHON
Starting materials: 11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoic acid and piperidine.
22
35
3
+
Mass (m/z): 361 M.
1
3
1
60
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.25 (3H, t, J=4), . (6H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (14H), 3.3-3.6 (4H), 4.15 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (1H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 15-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoic acid and aqueous dimethylamine solution.
24
39
3
+
Mass (m/z): 389 M.
1
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.25 (3H, t, J=4), 1.59 (9H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.9-2.3 (12H), 2.95 (6H, s), 4.14 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 15-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoic acid and diethylamine.
26
43
3
+
Mass (m/z): 417 M.
1
3
1
59
4
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.11 (6H, t, J=4), 1.26 (3H, t, J=4), . (9H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.3 (12H), 3.35 (4H, q, J=4), 4.14 (2H, q, J=), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 15-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoic acid and n-dipropylamine.
28
47
3
+
Mass (m/z): 445 M.
1
3
1
26
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 0.87 (6H, t, J=4), . (3H, t, J=4), 1.1-2.3 (16H), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 3.1-3.3 (4H), 4.15 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 15-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoic acid and diisopropylamine.
28
47
3
+
Mass (m/z): 445 M.
1
3
4
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.26 (3H, t, J=4), 1.30 (12H, d, J=4), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.3 (12H), 3.5-3.8 (2H), 4.14 (2H, q, J=), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.5 (1 H), 5.5-5.7 (1 H).
Elementarv analvsis: as CHON
Starting materials:: 15-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoic acid and pyrrolidine.
26
41
3
+
Mass (m/z): 415 M.
1
1
3
4
1
59
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.26 (3H, t, J=), . (9H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.9―2.5 (16H), 3.3-3.6 (4H), 4.14 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.5 (1 H), 5.5-5.7 (H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 15-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoic acid and piperidine.
27
43
3
+.
Mass (m/z): 429 M
1
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.25 (3H, t, J=4), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (18H), 3.3-3.6 (4H), 4.14 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (2H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,10,14,13-nonadecapentaenoic acid and dimethylamine (50% aqueous dimethylamine solution).
29
47
3
+
Mass (m/z): 457 M.
1
3
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.25 (3H, t, J=4), 1.60 (12H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.3 (16H), 2.96 (6H, s), 4.15 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,10,14,18-nonadecapentaenoic acid and diethylamine.
31
51
3
+
Mass (m/z): 485 M.
1
3
1
0
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.12 (6H, t, J=4), 1.25 (3H, t, J=4), .6 (12H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.3 (16H), 3.35 (4H, q, J=4), 4.15 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.5 (1 H), 5.5-5.7 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6.10,14,18-nonadecapentaenoic acid and n-dipropylamine.
33
55
3
+
Mass (m/z): 513 M.
1
3
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 0.88 (6H, t, J=4), 1.26 (3H, t, J=4),1.1-2.3 (20H), 1.60 (12H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 3.1-3.3 (4H), 4.15 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CH0N
+
Mass (m/z): 513 M.
3
4
'H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.26 (3H, t, J=4), 1.30 (12H, d, J=4), 1.61 (12H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.3 (16H), 3.5-3.8 (2H), 4.15 (2H, q, J=), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.5 (1 H), 5.5-5.7 (1 H).
Starting materials: 19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,10,14,18-nonadecapentaenoic acid and diisopropylamine.
Starting materials: 19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,10,14,18-nonadecapentaenoic acid and pyrrolidine.
31
49
3
+
Mass (m/z): 483 M.
1
3
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.26 (3H, t, J=4), 1.59 (12H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (20H), 3.3-3.6 (4H), 4.15 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Starting materials: 19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,10,14,18-nonadecapentaenoic acid and piperidine.
32
51
3
+
Mass (m/z): 497 M.
1
3
H―NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.26 (3H, t, J=4), 1.61 (12H, s), 1.80 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (22H), 3.3-3.6 (4H), 4.15 (2H, q, J=4), 4.9-5.2 (3H), 5.3-5.5 (1H), 5.5-5.7 (1H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
The following compound was obtained by the method as described in Example 1.
Starting materials: 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid and 2-isopentenyl- amine.
28
45
2
+
Mass (m/z): 427 M.
1
3
H-NMR (CDCl) δ: 1.57 (6H, s), 1.60 (9H, s), 1.81 (3H, s), 1.9-2.5 (14H), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=3), 3.3-3.5 (2H), 4.9-5.3 (4H), 5.3-5.5 (1 H), 6.2-6.4 (1 H).
Elementary analysis: as CHON
Production Process B
Experimental Example 1
Gastric acid secretion inhibiting effect
Experimental Example 2
Effect on Experimental Ulcer
1. Effect on Pyloric Ligation Ulcer
Preparation example (tablets)
Example 1
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)dimethylamine
(Production process 1)
(Production Process 2)
Example 2
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)diethylamine
(Production Process 1)
(Production Process 2)
Example 3
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)-n-dipropylamine
Example 4
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)diisopropylamine
Example 5
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)-n-dibutylamine
Example 6
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)diisobutylamine
Example 7
2,6,10,14-tetramethyt-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenamide
Examples 8 through 13
(Example 8)
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)ethylamine
Example 9
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)pyrrolidine
Example 10
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)piperidine
Example 11
1-(2',6',10',14'-tetramethyl-18'-oxo-2',6',10',14'-nonadecatetraenoyl)-3-pyrroline
Example 12
1-(2',6',10',14'-tetramethyl-18'-oxo-2',6',10',14'-nonadecatetraenoyl)imidazole
Example 13
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)morpholine
Example 14
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenyl)
Examples 15 through 17
Example 15
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenyl)propionamide
Example 16
N-ethyl-N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenyl)acetamide
(2) acetic anhydride.
Example 17
N-ethyl-N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenyl)propionamide
Example 18
N-(2,6,10,14-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10,14-pentadecatrienoyl)-dimethylamine
Examples 19 through 30
Example 19
N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)diethylamine
Example 20
N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)-n-dipropylamine
Example 21
N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)diisopropylamine
Example 22
N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl-n-dibutylamine
Example 23
N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)diisobutylamine
Example 24
2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienamide
Example 25
2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoylethylamine
Example 26
2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)pyrrolidine
Example 27
2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)piperidine
Example 28
2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)-3-pyrroline
Example 29
2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)imidazole
Example 30
2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)morpholine
Example 31
N-(2,6,10-14-18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)dimethylamine
Examples 32 through 43
Example 32
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)diethylamine
Example 33
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)-n-dipropylamine
Example 34
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)-n-diisopropylamine
Example 35
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)-n-dibutylamine
Example 36
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)-n-diisopropylamine
Example 37
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenamide
Example 38
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyo)ethylamine
Example 39
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)pyrrolidine
Example 40
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)piperidine
Example 41
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)-3-pyrroline
Example 42
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)imidazole
Example 43
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)morpholine
Example 44
N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)diethanolamine
Example 45
N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienoyl)tert-butylethylamine
Example 46
N-(2,6,10,14,-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)diethanolamine
Example 47
N-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-18-oxo-2,6,10,14-nonadecatetraenoyl)-tert-butylethylamine
Example 48
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)diethanolamine
Example 49
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyll-tert-butylamine
Example 50
N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienyl)acetamide
58
Examples 51 through
Example 51
N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienyl)propionamide
Example 52
N-ethyl-N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienyl)acetamide
Example 53
N-ethyl-N-(2,6,10-trimethyl-14-oxo-2,6,10-pentadecatrienyl)proionamide
Example 54
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)acetamide
Example 55
N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenyl)propionamide
Example 56
N-ethyl-N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)acetamide
Example 57
N-ethyl-N-(2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-22-oxo-2,6,10,14,18-tricosapentaenoyl)propionamide
Example 58
N-(11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoyl)dimethylamine
Examples 59 through 75
(Example 59)
N-(11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoyl)diethylamine
(Example 60)
N-(11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoyl)n-dipropylamine
(Example 61)
N-(11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoyl)-diisopropylamine
(Example 62)
N-(11-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-undecatrienoyl)pyrrolidine
(Example 63)
N-(11-ethoxycarbonyt-2,6,10-trimethyt-2,6,10-undecatrienoyl)piperidine
(Example 64)
N-(15-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoyl)dimethylamine
(Example 65)
N-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoyl)diethylamine
(Example 66)
N-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoyl)-n-dipropylamine
(Example 67)
N-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoyl)-diisopropylamine
(Example 68)
N-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoyl)pyrrolidine
(Example 69)
N-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-pentadecatetraenoyl)piperadine
(Example 70)
N-(19-ethoxycarbonyl)-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,10,14,18-nonadecapentaenoyl)-dimethylamine
(Example 71)
N-(19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,14,18-nonadecapentaenoyl)diethylamine
(Example 72)
N-(19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,10,14,18)-nonadecapentaenoyl)-n-dipropylamine
(Example 73)
N-(19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,10,14,18-nonadecapentaenoyl-diisopropylamine
(Example 74)
N-(19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,10,14,18-nonadecapentaenoyl)-pyrrolidine
(Example 75)
N-(19-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-2,6,10,14,18-nonadecapentaenoyl)piperadine
(Example 76)
N-(2',6',10',14'-tetramethyl-18'-oxo-2',6'-10',14'-nonadecatetraenoyl)-2-isopentenylamine | |
This technical report presents the findings of the case study carried out in Northern Netherlands on the role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the design and implementation of the Smart Specialisation Strategy (RIS3). It is one of the case studies undertaken in the project Higher Educa...
Universities and other higher education institutions (HEIs) are expected to play a catalytic role in S3. They are increasingly being asked to fulfil many new and wide-ranging tasks, probably with an overly optimistic perspective. To be effective in answering to all demands - such as being source...
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) can be key players in regional innovation ecosystems and for the design and implementation of Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3). However, regions in Europe are diverse, in terms of their economic and institutional structures, higher education systems, and ...
This report argues (based on a comprehensive review of the literature) that universities play a crucial role in responding to societal needs, and can further enhance their societal impact at local, national and international levels through community engagement. The report proposes a broad defini...
The Western Greek entrepreneurial ecosystem is evolving under opposed forces: on the positive side there is a growing number of start-ups with technological ambitions, the regional innovation system is relatively strong, scattered efforts to nurture the system are accumulating from the side of t...
A total of 7,929 start-ups were registered in Lower Austria in 2016. With Austria, the only region with more start-ups was the capital region Vienna where 10,096 start-ups were registered in the same time frame (Joanneum Research Policies , 2019). Within Lower Austria, the indicated start-ups cr...
One of the most important challenges for our society today and in the future is how we view and organize learning and education in the light of building a sustainable, prosperous and robust society. However, numerous social, economic and technological developments keep on bringing changes to the...
Lombardy is the second richest region in Italy with a GDP per capita about 30% higher than the national and the EU average. In 2017, with €380.96billion, it has the fifth highest GDP among European regions and represents more than one fifth of the National GDP. In 2017, 67.3% of the people were ...
Central Macedonia is the second largest region in Greece where 17.5% of the country’s population is concentrated (1,883,339 inhabitants in 2016). Thessaloniki is the capital and is further divided in seven regional units. The most important services sectors in the region are financial services, ... | https://op.europa.eu/el/browse-by-subject?p_p_id=eu_europa_publications_portlet_search_executor_SearchExecutorPortlet_INSTANCE_wEsJBR19pzHZ&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&facet.eurovoc.subject=3216&facet.collection=EULex%2CEUPub%2CEUWebPage%2CEUSummariesOfLegislation&language=en&startRow=1&resultsPerPage=10&selectedSubjectId=3216&SEARCH_TYPE=BROWSE_BY_SUBJECT |
gram in milligrams?
1250
How many millimeters are there in three eighths of a meter?
375
How many milligrams are there in 1/5 of a gram?
200
What is twenty-seven halves of a microgram in nanograms?
13500
What is fourty-one halves of a century in decades?
205
How many minutes are there in 4291.9 hours?
257514
How many millilitres are there in 49/4 of a litre?
12250
Convert 33.23837 millilitres to litres.
0.03323837
How many meters are there in 3/10 of a kilometer?
300
How many millilitres are there in 41/2 of a litre?
20500
How many nanograms are there in 0.7985017ug?
798.5017
How many centuries are there in 599938.4 millennia?
5999384
How many millilitres are there in 3/10 of a litre?
300
How many kilograms are there in 6.121576ug?
0.000000006121576
What is six fifths of a century in decades?
12
Convert 0.383442 weeks to minutes.
3865.09536
Convert 2276.16 hours to microseconds.
8194176000000
Convert 0.3414131l to millilitres.
341.4131
What is 44.32097 tonnes in micrograms?
44320970000000
Convert 0.7383265 litres to millilitres.
738.3265
What is 740.0911 centuries in decades?
7400.911
What is 1/10 of a week in seconds?
60480
What is fifteen quarters of a litre in millilitres?
3750
How many litres are there in 6.431128ml?
0.006431128
What is 3/10 of a hour in seconds?
1080
What is one sixteenth of a meter in micrometers?
62500
How many nanometers are there in 6489.502 millimeters?
6489502000
How many micrometers are there in one quarter of a millimeter?
250
Convert 2.176679t to micrograms.
2176679000000
Convert 828150.5um to centimeters.
82.81505
How many millilitres are there in 1/20 of a litre?
50
How many millilitres are there in 157.818l?
157818
How many millilitres are there in one tenth of a litre?
100
What is 38174.56us in milliseconds?
38.17456
What is 15/4 of a litre in millilitres?
3750
How many millilitres are there in fifteen quarters of a litre?
3750
What is sixty-one halves of a decade in months?
3660
How many months are there in one fifth of a millennium?
2400
What is 5244.794mm in kilometers?
0.005244794
What is six fifths of a decade in months?
144
How many minutes are there in seven thirds of a hour?
140
What is 1215715.851us in weeks?
0.0000020101121875
What is two fifteenths of a century in months?
160
What is 90.12436 millimeters in centimeters?
9.012436
How many nanograms are there in one fifth of a microgram?
200
Convert 282.9968 millimeters to micrometers.
282996.8
How many minutes are there in 223.91397s?
3.7318995
How many centuries are there in 8.005949 years?
0.08005949
How many months are there in 34/5 of a century?
8160
What is 33/5 of a millennium in decades?
660
What is 15750.963 months in millennia?
1.31258025
Convert 138188.754ms to days.
0.001599406875
What is 1/4 of a minute in seconds?
15
How many micrometers are there in 29/5 of a centimeter?
58000
Convert 867015.7 milligrams to nanograms.
867015700000
What is twenty-seven quarters of a meter in millimeters?
6750
What is 37/2 of a meter in millimeters?
18500
What is seven eighths of a microgram in nanograms?
875
How many seconds are there in sixty-eight thirds of a hour?
81600
How many meters are there in 3/25 of a kilometer?
120
What is 5980.0167 nanoseconds in days?
0.00000000006921315625
Convert 2424.064um to millimeters.
2.424064
What is 21/5 of a tonne in kilograms?
4200
How many months are there in 213.3739 years?
2560.4868
How many meters are there in 9957.438um?
0.009957438
How many minutes are there in 10/9 of a day?
1600
Convert 16743.714 months to years.
1395.3095
How many micrograms are there in 35905.69mg?
35905690
What is 32/5 of a micrometer in nanometers?
6400
What is seventeen sixths of a year in months?
34
Convert 4586.987 days to minutes.
6605261.28
How many micrometers are there in twenty-five quarters of a millimeter?
6250
What is 81/4 of a litre in millilitres?
20250
How many nanograms are there in 1/20 of a milligram?
50000
What is 2842.718 nanograms in kilograms?
0.000000002842718
What is 21/8 of a gram in milligrams?
2625
Convert 4053743.1 minutes to days.
2815.099375
What is six fifths of a century in months?
1440
How many micrometers are there in 1/5 of a millimeter?
200
How many months are there in 17/6 of a millennium?
34000
Convert 45.23756 years to centuries.
0.4523756
Convert 442316.6g to tonnes.
0.4423166
How many nanograms are there in 43/4 of a microgram?
10750
How many nanograms are there in 1/4 of a microgram?
250
Convert 8.650314cm to meters.
0.08650314
What is eighteen fifths of a kilometer in meters?
3600
How many seconds are there in 74.11386 minutes?
4446.8316
How many millilitres are there in twenty-five quarters of a litre?
6250
How many hours are there in 71859.85 days?
1724636.4
Convert 0.9215902ng to grams.
0.0000000009215902
What is 7352.873 litres in millilitres?
7352873
What is six fifths of a gram in milligrams?
1200
How many micrograms are there in 5112.84 tonnes?
5112840000000000
Convert 91665.08 minutes to seconds.
5499904.8
Convert 517.656mm to centimeters.
51.7656
How many seconds are there in 447.2196 hours?
1609990.56
How many litres are there in 5406.05 millilitres?
5.40605
How many millilitres are there in 0.7986188 litres?
798.6188
How many micrograms are there in 473.6108 milligrams?
473610.8
What is 538189.1l in millilitres?
538189100
How many centuries are there in 21/2 of a millennium?
105
How many millilitres are there in 44/5 of a litre?
8800
What is 5/4 of a litre in millilitres?
1250
What is 3/8 of a litre in millilitres?
375
How many centimeters are there in 9/10 of a kilometer?
90000
How many milliseconds are there in three eighths of a minute?
22500
How many seconds are there in 1/10 of a hour?
360
What is 0.7155698 litres in millilitres?
715.5698
What is 27/2 of a millennium in years?
13500
What is 74/5 of a microgram in nanograms?
14800
What is nine sixteenths of a millennium in months?
6750
What is twenty-one eighths of a hour in seconds?
9450
Convert 4554.509km to micrometers.
4554509000000
What is five quarters of a litre in millilitres?
1250
How many micrometers are there in 42/5 of a millimeter?
8400
What is 1/24 of a millennium in months?
500
What is 27/4 of a millennium in decades?
675
What is eleven halves of a millennium in months?
66000
How many millimeters are there in 9413.459cm?
94134.59
What is 6125.717 micrometers in meters?
0.006125717
What is 2.832201mg in nanograms?
2832201
How many micrometers are there in 25301.39 kilometers?
25301390000000
How many millilitres are there in five eighths of a litre?
625
What is 0.6107342 litres in millilitres?
610.7342
How many years are there in 164.60001 months?
13.7166675
What is 7/8 of a kilogram in grams?
875
What is 8629.147 millennia in years?
8629147
How many milliseconds are there in 270391.3 microseconds?
270.3913
Convert 32786.54 years to decades.
3278.654
What is three fifths of a millennium in decades?
60
How many millilitres are there in 21482.73 litres?
21482730
What is 0.3409393km in centimeters?
34093.93
What is one twentieth of a kilogram in milligrams?
50000
How many milligrams are there in 0.9772646ug?
0.0009772646
What is one quarter of a day in hours?
6
What is 13/8 of a gram in milligrams?
1625
What is 6.643104kg in micrograms?
6643104000
How many millennia are there in 4876.776 years?
4.876776
How many millilitres are there in three eighths of a litre?
375
Convert 2.249337 months to years.
0.18744475
What is one sixth of a decade in months?
20
What is 418.0935 nanometers in kilometers?
0.0000000004180935
What is one quarter of a micrometer in nanometers?
250
Convert 34164.34us to seconds.
0.03416434
How many months are there in 97774.79 decades?
11732974.8
Convert 2.868807 nanometers to centimeters.
0.0000002868807
How many litres are there in 33.17866 millilitres?
0.03317866
What is 13/5 of a millisecond in microseconds?
2600
How many milliseconds are there in 81.409 hours?
293072400
What is 1/24 of a day in seconds?
3600
How many months are there in one sixth of a year?
2
How many microseconds are there in 86488.09 nanoseconds?
86.48809
What is sixty-six sevenths of a week in minutes?
95040
What is 8.07156 days in seconds?
697382.784
How many decades are there in 3/50 of a millennium?
6
What is eighte
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The Certificate in Team Leadership is aimed at those with some experience in leading teams and is seeking to develop and improve their skills and knowledge in a flexible and practical way.
The Certificate in Team Leadership is aimed at those with some experience in leading teams and is seeking to develop and improve their skills and knowledge in a flexible and practical way. This course is also catered for learners who seek to be in a leading role.
Define what leadership is and how it is applied at different levels and situations.
Understand the basics of leading, motivating and developing others.
Plan and delegate effectively to meet business objectives.
Develop skills in communicating and negotiating with different levels of people.
Manage and meet customers’ expectations.
This module defines what leadership is, examines different styles of leadership, the requirements of an effective leader, as well as the supervisor’s roles and responsibility within an organisation.
This module encapsulates the knowledge and skills needed to motivate and develop workers, and explains how to guide individuals to set performance standards in alignment with the organisation’s goals and objectives. It also covers strategies to facilitate team cohesiveness, resolve conflicts and manage intergroup relations in an organisation.
This module provides students with an overview of the key concepts, principles and techniques involved in planning and control. Approach to managing on-going activities of a company’s business operations so as to satisfy customer demands are also discussed.
This module introduces the fundamentals of effective workplace communication, the barriers to communication, as well as essential skills in managing communication effectively. Students will also learn to understand the different process of communication, and how to develop an engaging style that will lead to positive outcomes.
This module examines the roles which a leader plays in meeting the expectations of the team under his purview. Students will also learn key components of goal setting using the SMART approach, and techniques involved in time and stress management.
This module explains the change process in an organisation, and state how change encompasses almost all aspects of a work group. How a leader acts as catalyst and assumes the responsibility for managing the change process is presented too. The module also covers organisational behaviours that support and limit the change processes.
This module discusses the significance of an organisations’ commitment to the continuous improvement of work processes with the aim of meeting customers. It also demonstrates the basic concepts and techniques that can help a team in meeting the expectations of customers.
This module is designed to help students understand the importance of quality customer service. Students will learn the key principles in providing and supporting quality services. It covers the basic skills in analysing the benefits and implications of delivering good quality customer service.
This module provides students with the basic competencies of maintaining a healthy and safe workplace. The module also covers the scope and importance from a business perspective on workplace safety and health.
Pass in all modules and 90% attendance. Students will be awarded a Certificate of Completion upon successful completion of the requirements.
Actual dates of the assessments and CA may vary to better fit students’ learning progress. Students will be informed by the class lecturer if there are changes. | http://www.kingston.edu.sg/programmes-details/Certificate%20in%20Team%20Leadership/ |
The invention discloses an anchor cable device for foundation reinforcement and a using method, and belongs to the technical field of constructional engineering, the anchor cable device comprises a raft plate and an anchor cable device, a plurality of anchor piles are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the raft plate along the center line position, and a plurality of anchoring devices are arranged on the lower portion of the raft plate. The anchoring device comprises an anchor cable, a prestressed pipeline and a bag type expansion body, the anchor cable is fixedly connected to the raft through an anchorage device, the prestressed pipeline and the bag type expansion body wrap the outer side of the anchor cable, and grouting materials are filled in the prestressed pipeline and the bag type expansion body. When the raft plate tends to float upwards under the action of underground water pressure, the limiting device restrains the raft plate to move upwards through the gelling material filled in the limiting device and the gravity of a soil body above the bag type expansion body, and meanwhile the anchor pile can limit the vertical displacement of the raft plate through the gravity of the anchor pile and the friction force of the soil body. | |
Blood concentration of milnacipran in a case of a fatal automobile accident.
A fatal automobile accident involving milnacipran and ethyl alcohol is reported. The drug was identified and quantitated in blood by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection. The concentration of milnacipran in peripheral blood was 3.15 microg/mL exceeded 10.5 times the therapeutic concentration. The blood ethyl alcohol level was 1.3 g/L.
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Jane was born in Smithton, Tasmania and came to live in Kirkcudbright when she was five. On leaving school she continued her studies at Norwich School of Art and later became a Freelance Designer in 1978A few years later she decided to give up the rat race of city life and return to her home in Kirkcudbright to concentrate seriously on fulltime painting.
Since then she has successfully exhibited in Galleries throughout Scotland and of course in local exhibitions in Dumfries and Galloway.She exhibits annually with the Royal Society of Miniature Painters in London and her paintings are now finding their way all over the world.
Since 1984 she has been artist in residence to the Dorothy L. Sayers Society (Five Red Herrings Kirkcudbright connections). More recently one of her paintings was presented to the US Attorney General in Washington, DC, by the Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary.
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Bearded Collie
Oil on ivorine
3.5 x 2.5ins [8.9 x 6.4cm]
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More about Jane Gibson Online:
All artwork and photo images are © the respective Artist. All rights reserved and images are used here with permission.
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Sitemap | Galleries | Shows | Societies | Teachers | Materials, Suppliers | Contact us
This website, art-in-miniature.org, was established May 1996 by Caroline Hayes. As of June 2012, it is maintained by Wes Siegrist. Images on this website were used by permission by Caroline Hayes and/or Wes Siegrist. | http://art-in-miniature.org/gall28.htm |
Whether you are just starting out or looking to take your skills to the next level, it explores the fundamental skills that underpin every great piece of music whether it’s a song or a film score, string quartet or video game sounds track. Writing effective tunes, developing interesting chord progressions, using rhythm and texture, structuring your ideas into a piece of music – these are the skills every composer or songwriter needs to master. If you’ve ever struggled with the blank sheet of paper or started 50 ideas never to finish any of them, this course gives you a framework for approaching composition that will help you write better music. | https://thinkspaceeducation.com/students/ |
assessments, developed and systematically validated via human feedback.
Automatic assessment of score difficulty is far from trivial. The notion of “difficulty” is in fact a
complex construct, involving both cognitive-structural aspects (“difficulty of understanding”) and
motoric-physiological aspects (“difficulty of physically realising”). The ability to tackle facets of both
aspects of difficulty are dependent upon (and hence, must be understood relative to) the expertise
and skill level of the performer. Further, the motoric-physiological aspects depend strongly on the
particularities of particular instruments, the tempo of a performance, and on the playing style called
for by the piece or preferred by the individual performer. As such, different experts may disagree in
their assessment of piece difficulty, depending on how they weigh these diverse aspects in their
judgement; and automatic algorithms to determine such a measure must therefore be understood
as coarse-grained abstraction of the many facets influencing the performance difficulty of a
particular score.
Similarly, a performance’s quality (in the sense of “goodness”) is difficult to pin down,
representing a highly subjective notion likely to confound consistent ratings even among human
judges.
Section 2 of this deliverable summarises the lower-level descriptors that in aggregate may be
used to approximate notions of quality and difficulty as described above. These descriptors may be
i) obtained explicitly from human judgements obtained through crowd-sourcing, user interactions, or
from sources in the literature; ii) implicitly, from musicians’ behaviours during musical performances;
or iii) they are derived algorithmically from performance audio recordings, MIDI streams, and other
information modalities, which we briefly summarise in Section 3.
In Section 4, we describe mechanisms envisioned to determine these lower-level descriptors
using technologies from TROMPA deliverables D3.2 and D3.5. These comprise:
● User judgements obtained via tools and methods developed in D5.2 (Digital Score Edition)
and D5.5 (Annotation tools). These provide individual ratings of difficulty aspects of a score
(for individual sections or entire pieces) or on specific aspects of a performance, such as
overall performance quality (high, low), expressivity of a performance (expressive,
mechanical), tempo and dynamics judgment (too slow, too fast, too loud, too soft) .
● Expert assessments of difficulty harvested from the pedagogical literature, providing
reference data (“difficulty indices”) for the training of WP3 technologies, as well as metadata
available for consumption by end users.
● Measures of performance “errors” (that is deviations from the notated score) identified
during performance to score alignment (D3.5) and through characterisation of intonation
accuracy and timing deviation (D3.2), providing a crude indication of performance “quality”,
as well as a signature of score difficulty: score sections consistently prone to producing
errors across performances presumably exhibiting greater difficulty than sections that tend
to be performed more accurately.
● Quantifications of individual performer (instrumental or singers) output over time,
investigating the number of rehearsal repetitions, and the rate of performance improvement
across rehearsal sessions, as signatures of piece difficulty.
● Quantifications of score difficulty according to motor-physiological requirements of its
performance (tempo; attack density; hand displacement; fingering; mastery of specialised
performance techniques).
● Quantifications of score difficulty according to cognitive-structural requirements (harmonic
and rhythmic complexity; deviations from key; information-theoretic compressibility of the
score).
● Consequently, quantifications of both motoric-physiological and cognitive-structural fatigue
liable to be produced by the performance of a piece.
● Measures of performance quality determined in aggregate from performances of a
particular musical piece (on the notion, grounded in the literature, that typical performances
along particular musical parameters tend to produce qualitatively better performances).
Finally, in section 5 we summarise performance assessment workflows in terms of the TROMPA data
infrastructure (D5.1) , first describing interactions with the Contributor Environment via the TROMPA
Processing Library (D5.3) before detailing the workflow specific to the instrumental performers and
the choral singers use cases. | https://trompamusic.eu/bibcite/reference/10 |
What I really love about Rachael's work is her natural fluid sketchy line-work and modern style. Her work is full of interesting textural qualities and hand drawn details that are layered, overlapped and combined in exciting and fresh ways. Rachael's colour palette is quirky and vibrant with bold distinctive highlights. Rachael has an extensive range of inspirational designs, below are a few of my favourites.
Below is one of Rachael's latest projects, a fun and fresh debut collection of wallpaper designs in collaboration with Wallpaper Republic. Each design offers something different, yet still Rachael's signature sketchy and distinctive style is prominent.
Shapes and Squares
Quirky Icons
Organic Retro Leaves
Sketchy Stems
Textured Honesty
Click here to view her website, blog and Facebook page or follow her on Twitter! | http://www.creativesketchbook.co.uk/2012/05/stunning-sketchy-style-of-rachael.html |
This moment has become synonymous with the ubiquity of images. Everywhere we look, we see pictures, and in the rare instances they are absent, we are taking them. It makes this a rather interesting time to be a photographer. Though their work has never been so widely appreciated, it’s never been harder for it to stand out. This dichotomy is what makes the new generation of image-makers so fascinating.
Photography is a language Kayten Schmidt studies carefully. It is pronounced throughout her work: each image its own statement, every series a visual stream of her artistic sensibility. They have all of the signature elements one would expect from a woman who was a painter in her previous life. Her use of light, composition, even the styling itself—speak to a classical artist’s training. Except here, she is using a lens in lieu of a brush.
Her approach suits a woman in possession of an innate sense of style and a confident eye for beauty. Her images express the same. Ms. Schmidt pays special attention to the sculpture of the body— its shapes, shadows, turns, and contours. The clothes are almost beside the point. Her images have a subtle nuance, often feeling intimate, contemplative and romantic in their own way. The result is work that reminds us there is a singular beauty in simplicity.
Kayten in sunlight
Kayten wears our Scoop Maillot in Black
Elegant limbs.
And red lipstick. " | https://matteau-store.com/blogs/journal/matteau-muse-kayten-schmidt |
Mobile radar MTR-L is intended for automatic detection of aerial objects (AO) at small, average and big altitudes, determination of target current position, locking of AO movement trajectory and AO automatic tracking. MTR-L includes surveillance primary radar channel (PRC), which uses approach of active location with passive response, and secondary radar channel (SRC), which uses approach of location with active response, that work for one common antenna.
In primary radar (PR) a complicated sounding signal consisting of smooth signal and phase-shift keyed signals of different range is used. Sequence of high-frequency sound impulses which is formed in digital signal processing block (DSPB) and PR modulator subblock intensifies in PR transmitting system and is emitted into the space by common for PR and SR mirror antenna.Reflected signals are received by the same antenna, are intensified by the PR receiving system and proceed to the DSPB, in which they transform from the analogue form into digital. All further processing (suppression of jamming of different type, extraction and detection of signals reflected from aircrafts (AC) and AC coordinate measuring (azimuth and slant range)) is implemented automatically by special algorithms.
Work of the secondary radar (SR) is based on the principle of directed emission at the request frequency (1030 MHz) of coded sending of electromagnetic energy pulses into the ambient space. The request pulses are received by the AC transponder and decoded. Through the nondirectional antenna the AC transponder emits coded sequence of electromagnetic energy pulses at the frequency of the response (1090 or 740 MHz) bearing data on number or AC altitude. AC reply signals are received by the ASR antenna, intensified in SR receiving system and proceed to the system of data digital processing in which they transform from the analogue form into digital. Decoding of response signal is done in the DSP block by special algorithms. Decoded information received from AC is identified with the coordinate information of PR and is displayed on the AWP observation monitor.
receipt of SOS signals (conflict situation or “Emergency”).
Flight information (hull No, remaining fuel, flight altitude, condition of the airborne equipment – if normal or not).
I/P (Identify Position) signals in 1, 2, 3/А modes.
control of technical condition and examination of main radar units.
Main characteristics of primary and secondary MTR-L radar are given in the table. | http://www.astra-radar.com/?page_id=137 |
The first Europeans to visit Ontario arrived by boat. French explorers Étienne Brûlé and Samuel de Champlain followed the St. Lawrence River into Lake Ontario in 1610 and 1615. Henry Hudson sailed into Ontario from the north and claimed the Hudson Bay area for Britain in 1611. Read about Ontario’s first foreign settlers from across the Atlantic. Explore French Ontario in the 17th and 18th centuries or learn about the migration of Germans to Canada. Source: https://goo.gl/KYyyCn
Holistic recovery programs focus not just on treating alcoholism as a physical or psychological disease, but on healing the body, mind and spirit. In addition to the core components of alcohol rehab — individual and group therapy, family counseling, 12-step meetings and behavioral modification — treatment addresses the patient’s spiritual and emotional needs through activities like art therapy, recreational therapy, guided meditation, yoga, acupuncture and massage. The goal of holistic therapy is to promote healing on all levels so the patient can build a meaningful, rewarding life.
One study tracked the weekly drug use among individuals who attended residential treatment centers. After one year post discharge they discovered that there is a correlation between retention rates and the length of stay at a facility. Individuals coming form programs of 90 days or more showed a lower relapse rate than those coming from programs of less than 90 days.
For people living in poverty and those who are unemployed, even homeless, and struggling with the physical, emotional, and financial cost of addiction, the idea of entering a treatment program seems impossible because there is simply no money available. Because many treatment programs are beyond the ability of these individuals or their families to afford, some of them attempt a potentially dangerous cold-turkey or at-home detox, or other treatment methods that are not evidence-based. Some of these individuals, even though they want to move past their addictions, give up on the idea of rehab altogether simply based on the inability to pay.
One of the most common forms of aftercare is mutual-support groups, such as AA. Since AA’s approach faith-based, 12-step approach isn’t right for everyone, other types of support groups are also available. Whatever option you choose, regularly attending groups can help you maintain abstinence by providing a support system with positive relationships from which to draw encouragement.
There are a few ways a person can take drugs, including injection, inhalation and ingestion. The effects of the drug on the body can depend on how the drug is delivered. For example, the injection of drugs directly into the bloodstream has an immediate impact, while ingestion has a delayed effect. But all misused drugs affect the brain. They cause large amounts of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate our emotions, motivation and feelings of pleasure, to flood the brain and produce a “high.” Eventually, drugs can change how the brain works and interfere with a person’s ability to make choices, leading to intense cravings and compulsive drug use. Over time, this behavior can turn into a substance dependency, or drug addiction.
Scholarships: Some organizations offer scholarships to help people with low incomes afford treatment. These scholarships are sometimes offered through private treatment facilities or through organizations concerned with helping those who are struggling with addiction. It is always advisable to inquire about scholarships or grants available for low-income individuals when seeking a treatment center. In some cases, SAMHSA also provides grants for treatment that can be provided through the state or treatment center. A Day in the Life of a Drug Addict *Emotional* (Part 2)
With the Sinclair Method, people only take Revia or Vivitrol before drinking and never otherwise. Revia and Vivitrol are not like other anti-alcohol drugs that cause intense sickness and hangover sensations when taken with alcohol. The change in behavior only appears over time. With the Sinclair Method, Revia or Vivitrol is taken one hour before drinking alcohol. At the end of four to six months of treatment with the Sinclair Method, 80 percent of people who had been overusing alcohol are either drinking moderately or abstaining entirely.
Great experience. Everything I needed. A safe place, calm and tranquil. Very spacious and and comfortable, lots of areas to relax, read or meditate. The groups of men and women with years of sobriety, AA and NA meetings helped me to open my eyes, find myself and spirituality... I'm back! Ready to truly live and enjoy life. Thank you to everyone at the center and groups. Thank to my sponsor. I'm so grateful. Finally Understanding the 12 Steps - Part One (Steps 1-3)
Alcoholism is both a physical and mental illness, which causes people to drink alcohol despite it resulting in negative consequences. It affects hundreds of thousands of people in the UK, and millions more around the world. Although not a curable illness, it can be effectively treated and managed with a programme of detoxification and rehabilitation.
For many people struggling with addiction, the toughest step toward recovery is the very first one: recognizing that you have a problem and deciding to make a change. It’s normal to feel uncertain about whether you’re ready to make a change, or if you have what it takes to quit. If you’re addicted to a prescription drug, you may be concerned about how you’re going to find an alternate way to treat a medical condition. It’s okay to feel torn. Committing to sobriety involves changing many things, including:
While casual or moderate drinking has some potential advantages – relaxation, heightened enjoyment of stimuli, etc. – problem drinkers are unable to enjoy these advantages without alcohol. In other words, casual or moderate drinkers will be able to find other ways to relax or enjoy themselves even if alcohol is not present, or they make the choice to abstain. But if someone is completely unable to function for pleasurable reasons without alcohol, they cannot conceive of having a good time without getting drunk, or reaching for the bottle is their first response to any kind of trigger (either stressful or pleasurable), then this is a sign that they are abusing alcohol and need help to stop. A day in the life of a heroin addict
Alcohol is a legal controlled substance that slows down the body’s vital functions when consumed in excess. Its many forms include beer, wine and liquor. Some of the physical effects of heavy alcohol consumption are slurred speech, loss of coordination and slowed reaction time. Psychological effects include inhibiting judgment and lowering a person’s ability to think rationally. Typically, drinking alcohol in moderation does not signify a problem. However, consuming more than four alcoholic beverages per day for men – or more than three per day for women – can indicate an alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Medications are used for 2 different reasons—to manage acute withdrawal symptoms and cravings and to maintain abstinence once withdrawal has resolved. Some treatment programs offer medical detox as a part of their services, while others require that you complete detox prior to entering their program. In some instances, once you achieve medical stability and are drug-free, you may begin a regimen of maintenance medications. Only certain addictions can be treated with medication. These include opioids, such as heroin and prescription painkillers, and alcohol. The commonly-used medications include:1,2,3
We offer each resident their own private room and bathroom to provide a personal space where they can recharge after a workout, reflect after a therapy session or take a nap. While group therapy sessions are an important part of our program at Searidge Alcohol Rehab, we respect and value the importance of a private room of one’s own. We strive to deliver the best alcohol recovery treatment possible to each and every resident while offering outstanding comfort and total privacy. Inpatient Rehab Centers Near Me Philadelphia PA
Searidge Drug Rehab is located in the famously picturesque Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia overlooking the Annapolis Basin and just minutes from the seacoast. Throughout the year the lush scenery reflects the healing cycle of nature’s seasons in all their beauty. The serenity of being surrounded by nature on an extensive acreage helps to heal the mind, the body, and the spirit.
For example, you may need a treatment programme that accommodates a dual diagnosis. We will discuss dual diagnosis more in the next section, but the fact remains that UKAT has access to the specialised treatment programmes dual diagnosis patients need. We do not believe it is helpful to put such patients through treatment programmes that don’t effectively address both problems they are dealing with.
UKAT treatment centres view addiction treatment as a way of giving you the best chances of long-term recovery from alcoholism. As such, treatments are individually designed with that goal in mind. Your addiction treatment will meet you where you are. Your treatment plan will be geared toward your unique circumstances, and it will lead you through the recovery journey and on to a healthier, happier life.
Without a proper withdrawal recovering alcoholics are at risk of experiencing some or all of the symptoms mentioned above. The most common ones are chills or sweats, anxiety and depression and irritability and mood swings. More severe cases can lead to seizures, blackouts or DTs (delirium tremens). Untreated withdrawal symptoms peak in the first few days of detoxification. Every individual experience of detox is different, depending on the level of alcohol abuse. This can last from a few days to six with a varying level of severity. Our experienced medical team will work to help alleviate the associated risks and symptoms.
^ Dutcher LW, Anderson R, Moore M, Luna-Anderson C, Meyers RJ, Delaney HD, Smith JE (Spring 2009). "Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT): An Effectiveness Study" (PDF). Journal of Behavior Analysis of Sports, Health Fitness and Behavioral Medicine. 2 (1): 82–93. ISSN 1946-7079. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2010.[unreliable source?]
Each one of our drug and alcohol treatment centers offers a number of therapies and programs, including Partial Hospitalization Programs, Intensive Outpatient Programs, and Residential Treatment. Which program a patient chooses largely depends on their needs in rehab. Some thrive in an Outpatient setting, while others do best with the around-the-clock model that Residential Treatment provides. Effective treatment close to home gives people the flexibility they need to engage in a program that will meet their needs.
As a person’s drug abuse turns into addiction, they will develop an increased tolerance to the drug, requiring larger doses of it in order to achieve the desired “high.” If addiction is left untreated, the end result is always devastation and loss on every level; the further along in the disease of addiction a person gets, the harder it will be for them to recover. Thus, treating drug addiction as soon as possible is always the best option.
Group therapy tends to involve a licensed professional and multiple patients. Although group therapy sessions can occur at inpatient facilities, they are more likely to happen in the other rehabilitation programs. Group therapy sessions can last up to an hour. These sessions tend to be particularly useful because they help confront one of the primary issues of addiction. Corona Alcohol & Drug Rehabilitation Center
The first step in recovery is deciding if you have a problem. This can be difficult, because your addicted-self will try hard to convince you that you don't have a problem. This is where a trained professional can gently help. They can keep you from tricking yourself and prevent you from slipping back into denial. They are trained to look for signs of trouble.
Psychological dependency is addressed in many drug rehabilitation programs by attempting to teach the patient new methods of interacting in a drug-free environment. In particular, patients are generally encouraged, or possibly even required, to not associate with peers who still use the addictive substance. Twelve-step programs encourage addicts not only to stop using alcohol or other drugs, but to examine and change habits related to their addictions. Many programs emphasize that recovery is a permanent process without culmination. For legal drugs such as alcohol, complete abstention—rather than attempts at moderation, which may lead to relapse—is also emphasized ("One is too many, and a thousand is never enough.") Whether moderation is achievable by those with a history of abuse remains a controversial point, but is generally considered unsustainable.
The U.S. National Library of Medicine states that there is no hard, fast rule on how long it takes for an individual to become dependent on drugs or develop a drug addiction. The length of time can depend on the type of drug you’re using, the amount of the drug you take, and whether you abuse a combination of drugs (including alcohol). Other factors, like your physical and psychological health, can also influence drug dependence. Certain drugs, like cocaine, meth, heroin, and prescription drugs in the benzodiazepine family, are known to cause physical and psychological dependence very quickly. For some users, the signs of drug tolerance and physical dependence can develop after only a few uses, while others may take weeks or months to become addicted.
Insurance: Many types of insurance cover the cost of addiction treatment and rehab; in particular, the Affordable Care Act requires that insurance policies issued under the state health exchanges and through Medicaid programs under the ACA expansion must provide coverage for addiction treatment. It’s important to note that insurance coverage often still requires that the individual provide a co-insurance payment, and some require a deductible be paid before treatment will be free. Specific plans may have different coverage levels, so it’s a good idea to check the specific policy or talk to the insurance provider.
The first step in recovery is deciding if you have a problem. This can be difficult, because your addicted-self will try hard to convince you that you don't have a problem. This is where a trained professional can gently help. They can keep you from tricking yourself and prevent you from slipping back into denial. They are trained to look for signs of trouble.
Individual counseling sessions – These are one-on-one meetings with an addiction treatment counselor. Issues and events that may have contributed toward alcoholism are explored. Patients learn about alcoholism as a disease. They also learn what can trigger addictive thinking and behavior. Vital coping skills are practiced. Healthy routines are developed. They come to understand that an alcohol-free lifestyle takes discipline and dedication.
Various factors such as your medical history, support system and personal motivation can all play a role in the success of your recovery. Treatment should be supervised by a team of medical specialists at a rehab facility. Throughout the country, alcohol treatment centers are staffed with professionals who will guide you through each step of the recovery process – from detox to life after rehab. Think of them as your 24/7 support system who are there to celebrate your successes and work with you through any challenges.
Antabuse is a bridge between your two lives. On the one hand, you have the life that you know. It's not what's good for you, but it's what you know. On the other hand, you have the life that you want to get to. It's better for you, but you don't know how to live there. You don't know how to relax, reward yourself, and celebrate without using drugs or alcohol. Antabuse helps you live in that life long enough so that you can develop new habits and coping skills.
There are many reasons people get addicted to drugs, but you must gain insight into what draws you towards your substance of choice. Is it a means to cope with stress? Do drugs help numb you emotionally so you don’t have to feel emotional or physical pain? Are drugs a way to avoid responsibility, gain other’s approval or belong to a group? It’s important that you peel back the layers of your behavior to understand what is behind your drug habits.
The most important thing to consider after alcohol rehabilitation is having an aftercare program that allows you continued treatment and a safe environment to maintain sobriety. It is also important that you follow suggestions to help you continue to maintain constant sobriety. Suggestions can include attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous, SMART recovery or another community or church groups, addiction counseling, or living in a halfway house. Finding a safe environment to live in while entering back in to the normal realm of every day life is imperative.
Recovery rates are higher for patients who have access to aftercare support after they are discharged from treatment. Aftercare services include case management, alumni groups, community referrals, counseling services, sober housing, medication management, and more. These services provide a source of stability and support for recovering addicts during the vulnerable transitional period from drug treatment back to the community.
You should also speak with an addiction specialist who can give you a wider-range view of treatment options both in your area and further away (some people choose to place quite some distance between their recovery and the environment in which they have been abusing drugs), and who will be able to give you the benefit of more specialised experience and insight than your GP. Step 1 of the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous ★★★★★
We review all of these options with each outgoing resident to make sure that they have the best plan to work with their routines and needs. Whether you are able to engage with the program for hours or minutes, we will find the simplest and most effective way for you to participate in our aftercare program. We want you to succeed and will do everything we can to make this final stage both accessible and productive in order to support you in maintaining sobriety on your own time.
Priory offers a free alcohol addiction assessment with one of our addictions experts, to enable us to make recommendations the most appropriate treatment for your unique concerns. You will also undergo a consultation with a consultant psychiatrist, who will gather information on your medical and psychiatric history and advise on future treatment. In addition, Priory also offers a comprehensive medically assisted withdrawal detoxification process, if this is required.
If you or a loved one is suffering from drug addiction, you may be looking for help curing the disease. One of the most well-known methods is drug rehab. However, many people don’t realize that “drug rehab” is a broad-encompassing term that represents various treatment methods. The type of drug rehab that you choose could depend on an array of factors.
Inpatient or residential treatment is the most intensive level of care, with round-the-clock monitoring and clinical management to alleviate withdrawal symptoms and provide structure. After the detox phase, the patient lives at the facility full-time while receiving therapy, group counseling, medication management, holistic therapies and other services. HOW TO HANDLE ALCOHOL ADDICTION | Motivational Video in Hindi
Internationally, the U.S. and Eastern Europe are the countries with the highest substance abuse disorder occurrence (5-6%). Africa, Asia, and the Middle East were countries with the lowest worldwide occurrence (1-2%). Across the globe, those that tended to have a higher prevalence of substance dependence were in their twenties, unemployed, and men. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) reports on substance dependence/abuse rates in various population demographics across the U.S. When surveying populations based on race and ethnicity in those ages 12 and older, it was observed that American Indian/Alaskan Natives were among the highest rates and Asians were among the lowest rates in comparison to other racial/ethnic groups.
A number of serious problems are closely linked to alcohol intoxication. In fact, according to the NIAAA, intoxication is present in 30% of homicides, 22% of suicides, and 33% of car crashes. Any patient who presents an imminent safety risk to themselves or another person should be considered a candidate for hospitalization. This may require the assistance of family members or medical consultation with a psychiatrist.
Drug abuse can apply to a wide variety of substances, from prescription medication to illicit street drugs. The term is often used to discuss the improper use of substances, especially substances that can be used for medical purposes. Drug abuse is not limited to those with a history of addiction, as many people develop a substance use disorder after taking prescription medications like opioids, benzodiazepines and more. Regular drug abuse can lead to serious patterns of behavior that result in a substance use disorder or addiction.
Stimulants work by activating the central nervous system, inciting feelings of excitement and increasing physical and cognitive function. When a person uses these substances, they feel a rush of intense pleasure caused by a surge of dopamine. A tolerance can build up over time from frequent stimulant use, which can signify the early stages of an abuse disorder.
Detox is the first step in helping your brain and body heal from substance abuse. The detox process begins with evaluations by medical doctors and nurses to determine which, if any, medical interventions are needed. Detox is primarily a time to flush the chemicals from your body, which can be an uncomfortable experience without the right medical care to help ease discomfort and/or drug cravings. Hazelden Betty Ford medical staff will work with you to evaluate your level of discomfort and provide you with medications, if needed, to address any discomfort or cravings.
Inpatient residential rehab involves an extended time period for treatment, regardless of the substance. Programs typically last 30–45 days, or longer, depending on each client’s needs. Clients are required to stay at the facility for the entirety of the program, including overnight. Although there is no single treatment that’s right for everyone, inpatient rehab is one of the most effective forms of care for drug and alcohol addiction. | https://drugrehab-drugrehab.com/drug-rehab-in-priest-lake-park-nashville-tn.html |
During the pandemic, we all got a taste of what life could be like with a more flexible job that includes days working remotely – and it seems safe to say that the pandemic has accelerated a trend, which much likely would have peeked way later than it will now. According to McKinsey’s report “The future of work after COVID-19” from February 2021, remote work and the use of virtual meetings are likely to increase – although not as intensely as during the pandemic as many people are forced to go back to the office.
“At OMNIA, we have a fully remote workforce – which we have had since we started in 2009. For us it was business as usual when the lockdowns hit. It just made everything easier for us, when everyone else were doing the same – virtual meetings became the norm. It was like an epiphany for people in 2020!”
Daniel Hansen, OMNIA Global Founder & CEO
Global Workplace Analytics (GWA) supports McKinsey’s report saying that those who were working remotely before the pandemic will increase their frequency when they are allowed to return to the office. For those who were new to working remotely when the pandemic hit, there will be a significant upswing in their adoption. GWA’s best estimate is that we will see 25-30% of the workforce working remote on a multiple-days-a-week basis by the end of 2021.
“The pandemic has shown that working remote is possible. We were forced to learn it and many people really liked it. For some, the way they work is now more important than who they work for. This is new!”
Daniel Hansen, OMNIA Global Founder & CEO
So, what could the future of work look like?
There’s no doubt that lockdowns have opened our eyes to how our working lives can be post-pandemic – particularly knowing that post-pandemic, our children will be in day care, kindergarten and school giving us much better working conditions than during lockdowns, where working remotely mainly was a stress test. Time said it bluntly “The pandemic revealed how much we hate our jobs. Now we have a chance to reinvent work.”
With people considering moving due to the ability of working remotely, it could prompt a large change in the geography of work, as individuals and companies shift out of large cities into suburbs and small cities. However, this subject is highly debatable as some argue that the big cities always will attract talent with their energy and amenities.
We will most likely see smaller workspaces as companies shift to flexible workspaces with employees coming to the office 2-3 times a week meaning fewer desks are needed. A survey of 278 executives by McKinsey in August 2020 found that on average, they planned to reduce office space by 30%. Although there are disadvantages of remote working and having virtual meetings rather than meetings face-to-face, the office savings may outweigh the costs from the disadvantages.
Finally, we will most likely experience a decline in business travel, now that we have all become familiar with the extensive use of videoconferencing and virtual meetings making jumping on a plane less necessary. McKinsey estimates that an approximate 20% of business travel will not return.
“What I have missed the most during the pandemic has been the creative part of my job: Travelling and meeting new people and through that getting new ideas. It has been a more effective year because I have had more time to do all the paperwork, but definitely also a more boring year. It’s the journey that should be fun, and honestly, the journey is a bit boring at the moment!”
Daniel Hansen, OMNIA Global Founder & CEO
Then, what about the downsides of remote work?
So, while many of us see the advantages of this transformation, we have to be aware of the disadvantages. According to McKinsey, there is some work that is best done in person – although it is possible to do it virtually. Negotiations, critical business decisions, brainstorming sessions, providing sensitive feedback and onboarding new employees are examples of activities that may lose some effectiveness when done remotely.
If a company chooses to offer their employees to work remotely, while still having people coming to the office every day, there is also a risk of creating a divide between these two groups of employees. Will it be the employees at the office who are more likely to receive promotions? And what about the company culture and social interactions?
“When you run a company with a remote workforce it requires that we meet occasionally to create and maintain a team spirit. There is only so much you can do on Zoom! Because of the pandemic, we have employees who have never met each other. And we have missed celebrating all the good things happening together. We definitely need to give it some extra on the other side”.
Daniel Hansen, OMNIA Global Founder & CEO
Will we seize the moment?
The pandemic has forced us to ask ourselves if our working lives still make sense to us on the other side of the pandemic. How many hours do I want to spend in a giant office from 9-5 – and how many hours do I want to be away from my children? Do I want to live somewhere else if working remotely is an option? And even – do I want to change career? According to Time: “(…) people are not just abandoning jobs but switching professions. This is a radical re-assessment of our careers, a great reset in how we think about work.”
This is an opportunity to bring some more balance into our lives with more flexible jobs whether that is through moving to the countryside to work fully remote or through commuting to the office two days a week.
This moment in time seems like a very good opportunity to re-evaluate how we spend our time and live our lives. | https://omniaglobal.com/news/has-the-pandemic-disrupted-our-working-life |
Last month, I went with Peter to Washington, DC to discuss immigration policy with several of Michigan’s Representatives in the U.S. Congress and both U.S. Senators as part of the American Immigration Lawyers’ Association (AILA) annual National Day of Action (NDA). The goal of the NDA is to educate our elected representatives about immigration, to advocate for immigration legislation reform, and perhaps most importantly, to make our voices heard. Nearly 20 AILA members comprised the Michigan delegation, but hundreds of AILA attorneys from across the country participated in the event by visiting their own state’s elected officials.
I believe this trip, and the annual efforts by AILA to organize this event, was effective. Those with whom we met were receptive to the information we provided and expressed interest in hearing our perspective as supporters of comprehensive immigration reform. Although not all of Michigan’s elected representatives agree with our belief that immigration laws must be reformed on a large scale, they were at least willing to listen and consider the benefits of reform, as well as the detriments of the status quo. At the end of the day, I felt as though we were successful in our mission.
Despite our success on that day, we are still a long way from our goal of achieving immigration reform. That one trip alone is not enough to accomplish that goal. Each office we visited on Capitol Hill made clear and reiterated several times that if we want to see comprehensive immigration reform, they need to hear from more constituents who support immigrants and immigration reform. The stacks of letters and hundreds of phone calls received by the Representatives and Senators are very persuasive taken as a whole, and certainly go further than one visit by small groups of AILA members. Unfortunately, the overwhelming majority of the communication they receive about immigration is anti-immigration reform, and is largely anti-immigration altogether.
Therefore, if you believe in the positive impact immigrants have on this great country, and if you believe we can improve our immigration laws (and should), please make your voice heard! Representatives and Senators will not act in your favor if they do not know where you stand. Let them know what you believe and encourage them to sponsor or support immigration reform, and that they should act now.
To be effective, it is not necessary to know the intricacies of current immigration laws or the details of proposed laws. It is enough to simply call or write your elected representatives to say, ‘I support immigration reform. Please sponsor or support immigration reform now.’ Of course, passion and detail can go a long way so if you are willing to tell your own story, or share the story of someone you know, consider sharing it with your elected representatives. Whether that story is about a dream come true or a living nightmare, our representatives on the Hill need to know.
My fear is that if we do not actively seek the change we know is needed, we will miss a golden opportunity and will be stuck with the many harsh, overly restrictive, and outdated laws currently in place. To let this chance pass us by is to endorse these very laws.
Please see the links below for your convenience.
U.S. Senate directory and contact information: http://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm
To identify who your U.S. Representative is and link directly to their website:
https://writerep.house.gov/writerep/welcome.shtml
Immigration news, facts, and talking points: | https://www.immigrationusablog.com/2009/04/ |
Background of the Invention
Summary of the Invention
Brief Description of the Drawings
Detailed Description of Embodiments
( Operation of the Embodiment )
The present invention relates to a vertical shaft type impact crusher and an operation method for a vertical shaft type impact crusher. More paticularly, the present invention relates to a vertical shaft type impact crusher and an operation method for a vertical shaft type impact crusher for crushing bulk materials, for example, natural rock, into grains or particles of desired size.
Bulk materials, e.g., natural rock, are crushed in accordance with various uses, for example, aggregate for concrete, paving stone, subgrade material, etc. One type of crusher used for such a crushing process is known as a vertical shaft type impact crusher.
Impact crushers operate on the basis of the principle that rock is accelerated at a high speed so as to collide with an impact surface, thereby crushing the rock. Such impact crushers may be generally divided into two types according to the mode of crushing: anvil type and dead stock type.
The anvil type impact crusher includes a rotor having a plurality of wings or blades on the upper side thereof being rotated at a high speed, whereby raw stones cast into the crusher are accelerated by the blades and centrifugally discharged so as to collide with anvils which are disposed in a ring shape around the rotor, thereby crushing the raw stones.
Such an anvil type impact crusher is mainly used for the purpose of crushing raw stones having a relatively large diameter by collision to thereby reduce the size of the raw stones.
On the other hand, the dead stock type impact crusher is mainly used to smooth surfaces of raw stones which has already been crushed into gravel of desired size and to make the grain size uniform. Such a dead stock type impact crusher is similar to the anvil type impact crusher in that raw stones are accelerated by blades, but different from the latter in that dead stocks are formed from crushed raw stones at the periphery of the rotor, and the surfaces having angles of rest formed by this dead stock are used as impact surfaces for crushing raw stones.
60mm
100%;
50mm
95 100%;
25mm
35 70%;
15 mm
10 30%;
5 mm
0 5%;.
Aggregate for concrete is nedded to be made of crushed stone of a large grain size and crushed sand of small grain size. According to JIS(Japanese Industrial Standard), it is needed for both stone and sand to be in given definite grain size distributions. The distribution of Crushed Stone JIS 5005 is defined as the weight-percentage of stones passing through sieves as follows:
It is difficult for the anvil type impact crusher to produce stones of a large grain size and to produce stones in good shapes, while it is difficult for the dead stock type impact crusher to produce stones of a small grain size.
A further problem is in that tips are worn by accelerated stones. A rotor is provided with pairs of tips mounted on the wings thereof. Stones of a large size, the diameter of which is larger than 40 mm, generate more chipping-wearing than stones of a small size. Material harder to chip is preferably applied for tips which are used in a crusher for crushing stones of a large size. Stones of small size, the diameter of which is smaller than 40 mm, generate more ordinal wearing than stone of a large size. A higher degree of wear-resistant material is preferably applied for tips which are used in a crusher for crushing stones to a small size. As such, there is an inconsistency in the tips used in impact crushers for large sized stone-crushing and those used for small sized stone-crushing.
An object of the present invention is to provide a vertical shaft type impact crusher for crushing stones of various sized which overcomes the inconsistency of stones of a large size generating more chipping-wearing than those of a small size, thereby material hard to chip being preferably applied for tips which are used in a crusher for crushing stones of a large size while stones of a small size generate more ordinal wearing than stones of a large size, thereby a higher degree of wear-resistant material being preferably applied for tips which are used in a crusher for crushing stones of a small size.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a vertical shaft type impact crusher for crushing stones of various sizes which has a high production efficiency.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an operation method for a vertical shaft type impact crusher for crushing stones of various sizes, the life time of the tips being extended.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an operation method for a vertical shaft type impact crusher for crushing stones of various sizes, a plurality of the crushers being simultaneously operated, where the production efficiency is high.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an operation method for a vertical shaft type impact crusher for crushing stones of various sizes, a plurality of crushers being simultaneously operated, the life time of tips being extended.
In one aspect of the invention, the vertical shaft type impact crushers have a rotor mounted on a casing body, the rotor being reversely rotatable for giving thrown stones centrifugal force and anvils for crushing stones discharged from the rotor. The anvils are mounted in the circumferential area around the rotor. Dead stock spaces for crushed stones to be accumulated therein are located in the circumferential area around the rotor. The anvils are located between the respective dead stock spaces with respective intervals given in the peripheral direction around the rotor.
In the above aspect, the vertical shaft type impact crushers have a dead stock forming plate for forming dead stock spaces thereabove. The dead stock forming plate is located around the rotor and has a bore in which the rotor is located.
Also the vertical shaft type impact crushers have an adjustable means for adjusting the distance between the respective anvils and the rotor. The adjustable means being located between the respective anvils and the inner surface of the casing body.
In the above aspect of the vertical shaft type impact crushers, the bore is circular, and furthermore has a ring for adjusting the volume of the dead stock spaces. The ring is replaceably mounted on the peripheral edge of the circular bore.
In another aspect of the invention, the vertical shaft type impact crushers have a rotor mounted on the casing body. The rotor is reversely rotatable for giving thrown stones centrifugal force. The vertical shaft type impact crushers have anvils mounted in the circumferential domain around the rotor. The rotor includes multiple pairs of tips, the respective pairs of tips being located in symmetry with respect to the respective central lines in angular orientations with the respectively equal angular intervals. The center lines extend from and are perpendicular to the axis line of the rotor in the radial direction. The respective tips of the respective pairs which point forward in the rotaional direction with respect to the respective center lines are made of hard material in comparison with material in what follows. The respective tips of the respective pairs which point backward in the rotational direction with respect to the respective center lines are made of soft material in comparison with the above hard material.
In another aspect of the invention, in an operation method for the vertical shaft type impact crushers, hard material is applied for the forward-pointing tips mounted in the respective dead stock spaces where respective dead stocks are formed on the rotor rotated in the regularly rotational direction, and soft material is applied for the front tips mounted in the respective dead stock spaces where respective dead stocks are formed on the rotor rotated in the reversely rotational direction. The rotation of the rotor in the regular direction or in the reverse direction is operated in response to the grain size of raw stones.
In the above aspect of the invention, in the operation method for the vertical shaft type impact crushers, the rotor is rotated in the regular direction in the case where the grain size of the raw stone is large and the rotor is rotated in the reverse direction in the case where the grain size of raw stone is small.
In the above aspect of the invention, in the operation method for the vertical shaft type impact crushers, the rotation of the rotor in the regular direction or in the reverse direction is operated in response to the degree of wear of the hard tips in comparison with that of the soft tips.
In the above aspect of the invention, in the operation method for the vertical shaft type impact crushers, used in multiple numbers, the rotor of the first crusher into which stones of a large grain size are thrown down is rotated in the regular direction, and the rotor of the second crusher into which stones of a small grain size are thrown down is rotated in the reverse direction.
In another aspect of the invention, the vertical shaft type impact crushers have a rotor mounted on the casing body and which is reversely rotatable for giving thrown stones centrifugal force. The crushers have dead stock spaces for crushed stones to be accumulated therein. The dead stock spaces are located in the circumferential area around the rotor. The anvils for crushing stones discharged from the rotor are mounted in the circumferential area around the rotor. The respective anvils are located between said respective dead stock spaces with respective intervals given in the peripheral direction around the rotor which includes multiple pairs of tips, the respective pairs of tips being located in symmetry with respect to the respective central lines in the angular orientations with the respective equal angular intervals given, the center lines extending from the axis line of the rotor in the radial direction. Respective tips of the pairs which point forward in the rotaional direction with respect to the respective center lines are made of hard material in comparison with material in what follows. Respective tips of the pairs which point backward in the rotaional direction with respect to the respective center lines are made of soft material in comparison with the above hard material.
In the vertical shaft type impact crushers of the present invention, stones are crushed by collision with not only anvils but also dead stocks. The dead stocks are formed with the respective angles of rest. Some stones are smoothed by the dead stocks, while the other stones are crushed into stones of a small grain size.
Stones of a large size collide with less hard tips, while stones of a small size collide with harder tips. The wearing of harder tips brought about by the collision with stones of a large size is less because of the regularly rotaional direction. The wearing of softer tips brought about by the collision with stones of a small size is less because of the reversely or irregularly rotaional direction. The other aspects and operations of the present invention are explained in detail through emobodiments of the present invention in what follows.
Fig.1 is a top view of a first embodiment of a vertical shaft type impact crusher in accordance with the present invention.
Fig.2 is a cross-sectional view of the crusher of Fig.1.
Fig.3 is a top view of a dead stock space of another embodiment.
Fig.4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of Fig.1.
Fig.5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the rotor of the crusher of Fig.1.
Referring now to the figures, an embodiment of a veritical shaft-type impact crusher constructed in accordance with the present invention is described in what follows. Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a veritical shaft-type impact crusher. A casing 1 includes a casing body 1a and a covering lid 1b. Covering lid 1b is rotatably mounted on the upper portion of the casing body 1a by means of a mounting means( not shown ).
Covering lid 1b is opened and closed relative to the casing body 1a by means of a lever 5 which rotates together with a rotating axis and is forced upwardly and downwardly by a hydraulic cylinder 4. Covering lid 1b has a shooting opening 2. Two guiding shoots 7 and 8 are located at the respective lower positions of the shooting opening 2, affixed to the suspended portion of the casing body 1a. Lower guiding shoot 8 is attaced to a multiple number of veritically suspended libs 8a located on a circular line. Veritically suspended libs 8a are provided as a portion of the casing body 1a.
A roter 10 is located under the guiding shoot 8. Roter 10 is mounted on a top surface of the veritical rotating shaft 11. Vertical rotating shaft 11 is rotably supported in the axle-housing 15 through bearings 13 and 14. Axle-housing 15 is mounted on the casing body 1a through brackets 16. A pulley 17 is attaced to the lower portion of the veritical rotating shaft 11. Pulley 17 is connected to a reversible mortor( not shown ) through a belt( not shown ). Vertical rotating shaft 11 is rotated back and forth in response to the operation of the motor.
Rortor 10 includes a rotor body 21, a distributing cone-like body 22, three wings 23, 23, 23 and three pairs of liners 24. Distributing cone-like body 22 is mounted on the upper side of the central portion of the rotor body 21. Respective three wings 23, 23, 23 are adjustably provided in three angular orientations with the respective equal angular intervals of 120 degrees there between. Respective pairs of liners are respectively placed between the respective wings of the respective 120 degrees-angular intervals. Casing 1 is generally a square in the sectional view.
As shown in Fig.1, four protecting liners 40 are fixedly mounted on the respective inner side surfaces of the respective walls constructing the casing 1. A dead stock forming plate 30 is horizontally disposed in the casing body 1a. Dead stock forming plate 30 is designed as a square plate of which the circumferential edge portion is affixed against the inner surface of the casing body 1a.
As shown Fig.1, dead stock forming plate 30 has a circular opening 31, the diameter of which is designed to be larger than that of the rotor 10. Circular opening 31 and rotor10 have a common central axis-line. Four anvils 32a, 32b, 32c,32d are located upwardly apart from the dead stock forming plate 30. Respective anvils 32a, 32b, 32c,32d have respective anvil members 33 affixed to the respective central portions of the inner surfaces of the casing body 1a.
Each anvil member is made of an ordinary wear-resitant material, e.g., manganese steel. The location off of anvils 32 creates four dead stock spaces 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d to be formed therebetween. Respective dead stock spaces 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d are respectively provided as four coneer portions partly forming the inner space of the casing 1.
Each horizontal distance between each anvil and the rotor 10 is adjustable as follows. Spacers 35 are replaceably inserted between the respective surfaces of the casing body 1a and the respective anvil members. The number of the spacers 35 enables the above distance in the horizontal direction to be adjustable.
The volume of the dead stock spaces 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d are also adjustable as follows. As shown in Figs 1 and 2, diameter-adjusting ring 36 is located at the circumferential edge of the circular openig 31. Adjusting ring 36 is in the circumferential direction divided into a multiple of pieces of segments 37. Each segment is replaceably affixed to the dead stock forming plate 30 by means of each bolt 38.
Each flange 41 is formed as each inner circumferential edge portion of the respective segment 37. Many kinds of segment groups, the radiuses of which are different from one another, are allowable to be prepared. The replacement of the segment group allows the above volumes of the dead stock spaces 34 to be altered. A multiple number of one-body rings may be used for alternation of the ring diameter.
Another embodiment of a diameter-adjusting ring is illustrated in Fig.3. A segment 37 has an elongated hole 37a extending in the radial direction. The mounting position of the segment 37 relative to the dead stock forming plate 30 is aligned in the radial direction. Each segment is secured to the dead stock forming plate 30 by means of a bolt( not shown In Fig.3 ) passing through the elongated hole 37a. In this case, a space is formed between the neighborhood relation of segments 37,37. Such a space does not cause any trouble, each space being filled with crushed rocks.
Figs.4 and 5 illustrate the detailed structure of rotor 10. A liner 50 to protect the rotor body 21 is fittedly mounted on the outer periphery of the rotor body 21. Liner 50 is bolted to the rotor body. A flat plane 52 is formed as the top surface of the distributing cone-like body in the center of the upper side of the distributing cone-like body 22. The outer periphery of the distributing cone-like body 22 is formed to be tapered as a tapered surface 53 around the rotor axis line.
A circular recess 54 is formed on the lower side of the distributing cone-like body 22. Recess 30 engages with a circular step portion 55 formed on the top surface of the rotor body 21, thereby causing the distributing cone-like body 22 to be located at the proper position. The distributing cone-like body 22 has a bore 56 in the center thereof, allowing an engaging portion of a suspending means( not shown ) to be engaged therewith during assembly and disassembly.
Each wing 23 includes respective support 57. Supports 57 are fixedly mounted on the rotor body 21. Supports 57 are disposed on the outer peripheral zone around the distributing cone-like body 22. Supports 57 are provided as three bodies disposed in the three angular orientations with the respectively equal angular intervals of 120 degrees therebetween.
Each supports 57 includes a radially extending portion 58, circumferentially extending portion 59 and a plate portion 60. Radially extending portion 58 extends in the radial direction on the rotor body 21, while the circumferentially extending portion 59 generally extends in the circumferential back-and-forth directions on the rotor body 21 from the outer portion of the radially extending portion 58.
By means of the plate portion 60 are secured in one body the radially extending portion 58 to the circumferentially extending portion 59. Discharge passage liners 24 are located between a pair of supports 57,57 with the above descrived respective angular intervals. There is a projection 61 provided on the lower side of the discharge passage liner 24. Projection 61 is fitted into a recess 62 provided on the upper side of the rotor body 21, thereby effecting the positioning of the discharge passage liner 24. When the discharge passage liner 24 is disposed on the rotor body 21 with the distributing cone-like body 22 placed at the proper position, a notch portion 63 is engaged with the discharge passage liner 24. This causes the distributing cone-like body 22 to press the discharge passage liner 24 against the rotor body 21.
A first wall liner 64 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the support 57. Studbolts 65 as screwed portions in one body are provided with the first wall liner 64. Nuts are fittedly inserted into the studbolts 65 of the first wall liner 64, by which the first wall liner 64 is secured to the circumferentially extending portion 59 of the supports 57. On the circumferentially extending portion 59 of the supports 57 are mounted second wall liners 66, third wall liner 67 and outer tip plates 68. Studbolts 71 as screwed portions in one body are provided with the second wall liner 66. Third wall liner 67 is secured at the medium position between the second wall liner 66 and the circumferentially extending portion 59 by means of the studbolts 71 and nuts( not shown ) fitted into the studbolts 71.
As shown in Fig.4, super-hardness tips or non-super-hardness tips 72 are mounted on the base body 69 of the outer tip plates 68. Non-super-hardness tip 72 is made of hard steel or hard alloy, e.g., Cr-steel, Ni-Cr-steel, that is, more easily worn but hard to chip because of its pliability. The expression "to be hard to chip" means, in strength of material, that chipping wear is comparably less. On the other hand, the expression "super-hardnes" in Japanese wording means that the super-hardness of steel or super-hardness of alloy is not easier to wear but is easier to chip.
The expression "to be easy to chip" means, in strength of material, that chipping wear is comparably more. Examples of super-hard alloys are known as sintered alloys, included in WC-Co series, WC-TiC-Co series, WC-TiC-TaC( NbC )-Co series, TaC-Ni series, Cr - Ni series that are correspondent in hardness to diamond and made by means of a sintering method where Fe-composition combined with soft carbide is molded under pressure and sintered after molding. It is apparent from the above definition that not only alloy is applied for super-hardness tips, but fine ceramics is also.
Two circumferentially extending portions 59 extending in the circumferential back-and-forth directions are the same in structure. Inner tip plates 73 are disposed on the inner peripheral portion of the supports 57. Innner tip plates 73 are U-shaped with the radially extending portion 58 conceived thereby. Each inner tip plate 73 includes an inside tip and right and left side tips. These tips are made of material of the same kind as the above material for tips 72, that is super-hardness alloy or non-super-hardness alloy as described above.
In the state where inner tip plate 73 is mounted on the support 57, the lower portion of the inside tip plate 73 is engaged with the chipping portion of the distributing cone-like body 22. Support 57 is covered by means of a top covering plate 77. A step portion 78 for positioning is designed on the lower side of the top covering plate 77. Step portion 78 is fitted into the recess designed on the plate portion 60 of the support 57, thereby the top covering plate 77 is positioned at the proper engaged position.
A downwardly bended portion 79 is designed as an inner side edge of the top covering plate 77. Inner tip plate 73 is secured to and between the downwardly bended portion 79 and the distributing cone-like body 22.Top covering plate 77 is affixed to the plate portion 60 of the support 57 and the base body 69 of the outer tip plates 68 by means of a bolt 80 and another bolts( not shown ) at four positions.
Fig.4 illustrates three center lines L,M,N which are in different angular positions. Line L is different from line M by 120 degrees. Line M is defferent from Line N by 120 degrees. Line N is defferent from Line L by 120 degrees. Respective center lines L,M and N are identical to the center lines of the respective radially extending portions 58,58,58 of the supports and are perpendicular to the axis line K of the rotor 10, meeting at one point on the axis line K.
The three rotor portions 10LM, 10MN and 10NL of the rotor 10 between one voluntary center line and the 2 other center lines next to it and between the 2 other center lines are substantially congruent to each other. Wings 23L has symmetry with respect to the center line L. Wing 23M has symmetry with respect to the center line M. Wings 23N has symmetry with respect to the center line N. As an example, the base bodies 69 are given as a set of two base bodies 69L1 and 69L2 that are symmetrical in circumference with respect to the center line L. The other base bodies 69 are given as a set of two base bodies 69M1 and 69M2 that are symmetrical in circumference with respect to the center line M. The still other base bodies 69 are given as a set of two base bodies 69N1 and 69N2 that are symmetrical in circumference with respect to the center line N.
As such, all parts included in the rotor 10 are located in symmetry with respect to the center line L,M or N. Such symmetry is needed for high speed rotation of the rotor 10. The tips 72 are fixedly mounted on the two respective base bodies 69L1 and 69L2 as a set of two tips 72L1 and 72L2 that are symmetrical to each other with respect to the center line L. The other tips 72 are fixedly mounted on the respective two base bodies 69M1 and 69M2 as a setof two tips 72M1 and 72M2 that are symmetrical to each other with respect to the center line M. The still other tips 72 are fixedly mounted on the respective two base bodies 69N1 and 69N2 as a set of two tips 72N1 and 72N2 that are symmetrical to each other with respect to the center line N.
According to such a location of the tips, tip 72L1 and tip 72M2 are located in the rotor portion 10LM, tip 72M1 and tip 72N2 are located in the rotor portion 10MN and tip 72N1 and tip 72L2 are located in the rotor portion 10NL. One group of tips 72L1, 72M1 and 72N1 that have the respective phases identical with one another in the rotational direction are made of super-hardness material as defined above. The other group of tips 72L2, 72M2 and 72N2 that have the respective phases identical with one another in the rotational direction are made of ordinal material that is non-super-hardness material as defined above. One group of tips 72L1, 72M1,72N1 and the other group of tips 72L2, 72M2, 72N2 are all replaceable. It is not so necessary to apply a super-hardness-tip for the inner tips 73.
Dead spaces 91L, 91M and 91N are given in the respective wings 23L, 23M and 23N on the both sides in the rotational(circumferential) direction. One group of dead spaces 91L1, 91M1 and 91N1 are in the same phase in the rotational direction. The other group of dead spaces 91L2, 91M2 and 91N2 are in the same phase in the rotational direction. Dead spaces 91L1 and dead spaces 91L2 are in the respective phases different from each other.
Dead space 91L1 and dead space 91L2 are in symmetry with respect to the center line L. Dead space 91M1 and dead space 91M2 are in symmetry with respect to the center line M. Dead space 91N1 and dead space 91N2 are in symmetry with respect to the center line N. Each dead space is located between one of the wings 23 and one of the discharge passage liners 24.
Rortor 10 is driven at a high speed by a driving motor( not shown ). Raw rocks are thrown down onto the rotor from the shooting opening 2 through the guiding shoots 7 and 8. The thrown raw rocks are distributed by the distributing cone-like body 22 towards any of the discharge passages formed between the respective two neighboring wings. Such distributed raw rocks are accelerated with a given centrifugal force. This causes the rocks to be discharged from the peripheral end.
Such discharged raw stones are crushed into stones with smaller diameters by collision with one of the anvils 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d. Some crushed stones are accumulated on the dead stock forming plate 30 of the dead stock spaces 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d. At the beginning of operation, accumulated crushed stones do not perfectly form a dead stock. In a short time, a sufficent amount of stones accumulated on the dead stock forming plate 30 form a perfect dead stock. As shown in Fig.2, four dead stocks 42, 42, 42, 42 are formed with the respective angles of rest. As a result, discharged raw stones are crushed by collosion with such formed dead stocks.
Other dead stocks are also formed on the rotor 10 by stones that are prevented from discharging by the supports 57 and the circumferentially extending portion 59. Such dead stocks have the respectively specified angles of rest under operation of centrifugal force and gravitational force. Collision of raw stones with anvil 32 which has a high degree of hardness and is made of manganese steel causes discharged stones to be crushed into a comparably small radia of stones, while collision of raw stones with deas stock 42 which has a low degree of hardness and is formed of accumulated stones causes discharged stones to be crushed into a comparably large radia of stones. It is not suitable that the collision of a stone with a dead stock is expressed as "crush". A stone colliding with a dead stock is reduced little in radius, but is merely made smooth because of surface wear.
Changing horizontal distance between each anvil 32 and the rotor 10 not only makes stones different in material or size to be of the same grain size, but also makes stones equivalent in material or size to be of different grain size. A decrease in the number of the spacers 35 enables the obtainment of crushed stones of a small grain size, while an increase in the number the spacers 35 enables the obtaiment of crushed stones of a large grain size. Otherwise, alternation of the inner radius of the adjusting ring 36 enables the change of the grain size of crushed stones.
Raw stones, that are accelerated and rolled on the surfaces of the dead stocks accumulated on the dead stock forming plate 30 in the dead stock spaces 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, collide with tips 72. Tips 72 wear less easily but are easier to chip when thrown raw stones are of large grain size. On the other hand, tips 72 are harder to chip but easier to wear when thrown raw stones are of small grain size.
Cotrolling the operation of a crusher according to the present invention enables the production efficiency to increase. Super-hardness tips 72L1, 72M1, 72N1 are applied as tips mounted in the dead stock spaces 91L1, 91M1, 91N1 where dead stocks are formed on the rotor rotating in a given direction(clockwise direction), while non-super-hardness tips 72L2, 72M2, 72N2 are applied as tips mounted in the dead stock spaces 91L2, 91M2, 91N2 where dead stocks are formed on the rotor rotating in the reverse direction(anti-clockwise direction). Operation control includes an operation to rotate the rotor 10 in the clockwise direction or to rotate the rotor 10 in the anti-clockwise direction in correspndence to the grain size or grain size distribution of raw stones.
For the large size of stones being produced, that is, raw stones being of large size, the rotor is rotated in the clockwise direction as seen in Fig.4. Most stones collide with the non-super-hardness tips 72L2, 72M2, 72N2 that are less worn because of a lower collision frequency and hard to chip because of its physical properties.
For the small size of stones being produced, that is, raw stones being of small size, the rotor is rotated in the anti-clockwise direction. Most stones collide with the non-super-hardness tips 72L1, 72M1, 72N1 that are hard to chip because of their small moments and of less wear because of their physical properties, despite a higher collision frequency.
Such an operation method is regular but may not be regular in combination with the regular operation. When large sized stones are produced, the rotor may be rotated in the clockwise direction and when small sized stones are produced, the rotor may be rotated in the anti-clockwise direction. In consideration of the abration degree of non-super-hardness tips 72L1, 72M1, 72N1 to non-super-hardness tips 72L2, 72M2, 72N2, regular rotation or irregular rotation may be operated. Such a combination of regular operation with irregular operation results in an extension in the common tip life.
A single crusher is not always used. A multiple number of crushers according to the present invention may be simultaneously or synchronously operated. It is normal that a multiple number of crushers are operated in relation to each other. Simultaneous operation enables processes to be synchronous in which stones of a large grain size are in multi-processes crushed into stones of a small grain size of stones. Rortors are rotated in the respective rotational direction in the respective processes: a first step crusher being rotated in the clockwise direction; a second step crusher being rotated in the regular or irregular direction; a third step crusher being rotated in the anti-clock direction. Such a group-control operation results in the extension of the tip life. | |
If a helicopter takes off from a point on earth.(at certain altitude) and its still at that point in air.After certain time interval the observer whose position was same as that of helicopter’s take off point will see the helicopter right above him.
The question arises is that how it is possible if earth is rotating hence the observer is also, but the helicopter is in air.How is it possible?
Please explain.
Thanks…
Explain IMPULSE in simple terms
Vimal asked this question.
Impulse is the effect of a force and is measured as the change in momentum produced.
The same effect, that is the same change in momentum can be produced by a large force acting for a short interval of time, a small force acting for a large interval of time or a moderate force acting for a moderate interval of time.
In all these cases the impulse will be the same as the change in momentum will be the same.
Big Bang and the conservation of Mass
Harilal asked:
“During the big bang it is supposed that the small particles expanded in a very very small interval of time and there was nothing before that. If it is so, then how can it in be good agreement with law of conservation of mass?”
Ans:
After the Big Bang, the universe expanded rapidly. The big bang theory is not a theory which is completely resolved. There are many questions to be answered.
Further, mass alone is not conserved, it is mass+energy which is conserved.
Energy can be converted into matter and vice versa. ()
Dark Energy and Dark Matter are two widely discussed concepts in association with the Big Bang. These correspond to the mass (matter) and energy which we cannot account for by calculations and theory.
Further, BIGBANG is not the only possible cause of the Birth of Universe. There are many other possibilities.
Big Bang theory originated after the discovery that the universe is expanding. SO if we think in reverse direction, we can imagine that the entire universe was confined to an infinitesimally small (Compared to the present size of the universe) space. This idea started the theoritization of the Big Bang.
Please visit the following links for further reference:
http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/bigbang.htm
http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/journey.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang
http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/expanding.htm
(Comments and better answers are expected from visitors and experts visiting the site)
Numericals from Kinematics
Posted By – Abdul Hameed
- During the first 18 minutes of a 1.0-hour trip, a car has an average speed of 11 m/s. What must the average speed of the car be during the last 42 minutes of the trip be if the car is to have an average speed of 21 m/s for the entire trip?
- An elevator is moving upward with a speed of 11 m/s. Three seconds later, the elevator is still moving upward, but its speed has been reduced to 5.0 m/s. What is the average acceleration of the elevator during the 3.0 s interval?
- A turtle takes 3.5 minutes to walk 18 m toward the south along a deserted highway. A truck driver stops and picks up the turtle. The driver takes the turtle to a town 1.1 km to the north with an average speed of 12 m/s. What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the turtle for its entire journey? | http://www.askphysics.com/tag/interval/ |
Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have detected what they believe is a planet two-thirds the size of Earth. The diameter of the planet is about 5,200 miles. The exoplanet candidate, called UCF-1.01, is located 33 light-years away, making it possibly the nearest world to our solar system that is smaller than our home planet. Only a handful of exoplants smaller than Earth have been found so far. An Artist's impression of UCF-1.01 is pictured above.
Kevin Stevenson from the University of Central Florida in Orlando and lead author of the the paper accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, says, "We have found strong evidence for a very small, very hot and very near planet with the help of the Spitzer Space Telescope. Identifying nearby small planets such as UCF-1.01 may one day lead to their characterization using future instruments."
The hot new planet candidate was found unexpectedly in Spitzer observations. Stevenson and his colleagues were studying the Neptune-sized exoplanet GJ 436b, already known to exist around the red-dwarf star GJ 436. In the Spitzer data, the astronomers noticed slight dips in the amount of infrared light streaming from the star, separate from the dips caused by GJ 436b. A review of Spitzer archival data showed the dips were periodic, suggesting a second planet might be blocking out a small fraction of the star's light.
Stevenson led a team that analyzed data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in Hawaii and the Very Large Telescope in Chile to verify that the signals he was seeing were not caused by other astrophysical sources. The team also analyzed a large number of high-precision measurements of the star's wobble. As expected for planets this small, no signal was present.
The planet is likely to be extremely hot. The exoplanet's surface temperature would be more than 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit (almost 600 degrees Celsius). The surface of the planet might resemble a cratered, mostly geologically dead world like Mercury. Paper co-author Joseph Harrington, also of the University of Central Florida and principal investigator of the research, suggested another possibility. He says the extreme heat of orbiting so close to GJ 436 may have melted the exoplanet's surface.
Harrington says, "The planet could even be covered in magma."
In addition to UCF-1.01, Stevenson and his colleagues noticed hints of a third planet, dubbed UCF-1.02, orbiting GJ 436. You can read more about the discovery here. | https://www.sciencespacerobots.com/spitzer-telescope-finds-evidence-for-71820122 |
The special techniques described here appear to be promising for determining precise quantitative residual oil saturations - under certain reservoir conditions. A field test of one method was encouraging. The PNC logs showed saturations that agreed with other measurements, and the degree of uncertainty in the estimates approached theoretical expectations.
Purpose and Scope
The basic physical principles of pulsed neutron capture (PNC) logging and descriptions of logging instrumentation and operation have been documented in earlier publications.3,4 In addition, several methods of PNC data interpretation for petroleum engineering applications have appeared in the literature.6 These latter reports demonstrate that PNC logging has become a valuable technique for formation evaluation. The most significant use of PNC logging has been to discriminate among gas-bearing, oil-bearing, and salt-water-bearing formations in cased holes. For example, gas-oil, gas-water, and oil-water contacts have been found and followed. Unsuspected hydrocarbon migration between zones also has been detected. In addition, water saturations have been calculated from PNC log data when porosity, rock type, formation hydrocarbon type, and formation water salinity were known or could be estimated.
Interpretations of PNC log data are often precise enough for decisions regarding recompletion or for a qualitative assessment of reservoir mechanism and performance. But how useful are these data when we must decide whether or not to conduct a tertiary recovery project in the flooded-out portion of a reservoir? In comparison with waterflooding, tertiary recovery is more complicated; thus its performance is harder to predict. Also, the process costs are higher, so there is much less margin for error. Therefore, many of the parameters must be measured with great accuracy for designing a tertiary recovery project.
One of the most important parameters is the residual oil saturation - the target for profit. A decision to undertake a tertiary recovery project could depend entirely on the estimate of residual oil saturation and the margin of error associated with the estimate. Minimum expected errors in oil saturation and saturation distribution (among other parameters) are essential for a tertiary recovery project.
The purpose of this paper is to describe in some detail the possibility of using PNC data to estimate more precisely the residual oil saturation remaining at the end of a waterflood (either natural or induced). | https://onepetro.org/journal-paper/SPE-3796-PA |
Ep 58. Carl Kirchoff co-founder and CEO of SportsFix Streaming Service
In this episode Dana talks with Carl Kirchoff the co-Founder and CEO of SportsFix a Kuala Lumpur based sports streaming service. We dive into the wide world of sports and discuss how Over The Top (OTT) streaming services will change the face of content consumption and distribution.
We also dive into the role blockchain will play in the future of content streaming and their upcoming ICO of sports related tokens. | http://efm.live/episodes/ep57-jiggee-jon-3/ |
On March 22, we learned through The New York Times that:
The Federal Emergency Management Agency unnecessarily shared sensitive personal data of more than two million disaster victims with a contractor, subjecting that information to potential identity theft and fraud….1
This is troubling to me on a number of levels.
The Right to Secure PII and PHI
As a U.S. citizen, I am troubled that one of my government agencies did not do what was necessary to protect the personal data of my fellow citizens. Data privacy is a right and, though this may seem old fashioned, I expect my government agencies to defend my rights, not to disregard them.
Desensitization to the Problem
As a data security professional, I am troubled, because each additional breach or, in this case, instance of oversharing, desensitizes us to the importance of protecting our personally identifiable information (PII) and our personal health information (PHI). But those who have suffered the pain and frustration of having their identity stolen and gone through the months and even years of work it takes to clean up the mess will tell you protecting PII is critically important to financial safety and wellbeing.
Not Employing Best Practices for Protecting Data
As a data security professional, I am more than troubled. I’m appalled.
Despite years of data security attacks, stacks of federal regulations, and a clear understanding among data security professionals regarding what best practices for data security are, a government agency unnecessarily shared sensitive data of more than two million people. You could dismiss this as someone, somewhere, making a simple mistake. But when the data security of real people is involved, systems should be in place to keep simple mistakes from occurring.
Let me briefly outline standard best practices for protecting sensitive data. Any time you deal with PII or PHI, you should encrypt that data. It should never sit in clear text. This ensures that the data itself is meaningless to anyone who views it, unless they have the keys necessary to decrypt it. If it gets stolen (or shared) and the people receiving the data do not have the keys, no harm is done.
The next step is to control access to the decrypted data (or more precisely to the system that employs the keys to decrypt the data and display it as clear text). Here the principle of least privilege (POLP) is critical.
POLP is the practice of limiting access rights for users to the bare minimum permissions they need to perform their work. Under POLP, users are granted permission to read, write or execute only the files or resources they need to do their jobs: In other words, the least amount of privilege necessary.
Additionally, the principle of least privilege can be applied to restricting access rights for applications, systems, processes and devices to only those permissions required to perform authorized activities.2
For example, our Vormetric Data Security Manager (DSM), that orchestrates the Vormetric Data Security Platform, including transparent encryption and tokenization, allows administrators to specify granular data access policies as well as administer DSM users and logical domains.
So, at the very least, the data should have been encrypted, and access to the unencrypted data should have been restricted to only those who needed to see it in order to do their jobs.
Then, if the data were shared, it would most likely have been encrypted or tokenized, and no PII would be exposed.
This is what we in the data security industry call good cyber hygiene. And, unfortunately, the general public and people dealing with data in their jobs are not as well acquainted with cyber hygiene as they likely are with, perhaps, dental hygiene. But if they have a bank account and assets to protect, they should be.
What Comes Next?
It may sound as though I’m pointing my finger at FEMA, but this incident points out a pervasive problem across our federal agencies. They are short of staff and money to deal with cybersecurity. And, while CEOs and heads of IT in publicly held companies lose their jobs because sales and share prices fall as a result of data breaches, this doesn’t seem to be the case in federal agencies. Perhaps we need more real accountability attached to data security in the federal government.
For more information about Thales eSecurity’s federal government security solutions, visit here. You can also leave a comment below, or follow Thales on Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook. | https://cpl.thalesgroup.com/blog/encryption/reflections-femas-data-sharing |
Methods for sample acquisition and processing of serial blood and tumor biopsies for multicenter diffuse large B-cell lymphoma clinical trials.
Increasingly, targeted therapies are being developed to treat malignancies. To define targets, determine mechanisms of response and resistance, and develop biomarkers for the successful investigation of novel therapeutics, high-quality tumor biospecimens are critical. We have developed standard operating procedures (SOPs) to acquire and process serial blood and tumor biopsies from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma enrolled in multicenter clinical trials. These SOPs allow for collection and processing of materials suitable for multiple downstream applications, including immunohistochemistry, cDNA microarrays, exome sequencing, and metabolomics. By standardizing these methods, we control preanalytic variables that ensure high reproducibility of results and facilitate the integration of datasets from such trials. This will facilitate translational research, better treatment selection, and more rapid and efficient development of new drugs. See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Biomarkers, Biospecimens, and New Technologies in Molecular Epidemiology."
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Take a take a look at how local house owners are ensuring their members are staying fit during the coronavirus.
York Daily Record
With gyms closed to sluggish the spread of the coronavirus, individuals are pressured to discover different ways to stay in shape.
For some residents, it’s a chance to go outdoors more to get their train. You may see more individuals strolling, operating, driving their bikes and happening hikes — all actions which were deemed protected as long as individuals apply social distancing.
Ronny Gomez, a diabetic, stated he plans to go on hikes together with his dog and incorporate at-residence exercises during this era of social isolation.
More: Pa. shutdown: What’s closed to limit coronavirus in Pennsylvania and for how long?
“I typically only work out at the gym so this has forced me to find other ways to stay in shape,” he stated.
Kristen Mike, a runner, will proceed to practice for some races she nonetheless plans to run if they do not get canceled.
“I am still running the trails to make sure I continue to stay in good shape,” she stated.
Meanwhile, trainers and fitness instructors are turning to know-how to help individuals keep lively and fit. One fitness center has provided their weights to their members to allow them to continue to exercise remotely or at the house.
Ryan and Amber Zuver personal First Capital Gym on Industrial Highway in East York. The two opened the health club in 2018 and supply all kinds of training to their members.
Ryan Zuver was prepared for the fitness center to close when the coronavirus outbreak reached Pennsylvania.
“I had a feeling that gyms would shut down because of what was going on,” Zuver stated. “We wanted to make sure our members could still have a way to workout and stay in shape.”
Giving out weights to members
Having a number of conversations with one another, Ryan and Amber decided they have been going to give out their gear to their members.
“We felt that our members would benefit a lot from having equipment at home they can use,” Ryan stated. “We we announced that we were giving away our equipment, we had a long line of people outside the game waiting to get in.”
Sarah Shaffer, a member of the health club, expressed how thankful she was when she came upon this was occurring.
More: Coronavirus cancellations, postponements, closings: Latest in southcentral Pa.
More: Left Bank in downtown York closes due to coronavirus concerns
“Ryan and Amber truly care for our well being and will tirelessly work to keep us moving and healthy,” Shaffer stated. “Every member is so grateful for all they do for us.”
Amber needed to ensure her members knew that there are nonetheless ways to get a exercise in even if you can’t go to the health club.
“With us lending our weights, kettle bells, bands and other equipment, our members have everything they need as if they were at the gym,” she stated.
Teaching fitness courses online
Many gyms have offered online exercises for members to do. Whether it is pilates, core training or different group exercise courses, individuals have the choice of understanding obtainable to them on their phones, computer systems or TVs.
People are additionally taking benefit of the free On Demand workouts at house, like the Les Mill workouts and Beachbody on demand.
“Having workouts you can do from the pleasure of your home is very beneficial and I am making sure that I take advantage of it,” Jamie Lau stated.
In addition to lending weights to their members, Ryan and Amber are offering online and digital training.
More: York County restaurants close due to coronavirus as they try to navigate new delivery model
“On our private Facebook group, our members will have the option to participate in some of the trainings that we will put on there,” Ryan stated. “There’s going to be coaching involved as well in the video, we’re going to make sure our members get the full experience through our online trainings.”
Gina Eason, a fitness teacher with Gold’s Gym, stated she needs to continue to serve her group both close and much away during this time.
“I have a group on Facebook where I post motivation, recipes, and health and wellness tips,” Eason stated. “I also am doing live virtual workouts on Zoom twice a day once in the morning and in the evening.”
When Alison Liebgott came upon her studio would have to shut, she did not understand how she would continue to maintain her yoga and artwork courses. Liebgott is the owner of Miss Alison’s Arts and Yoga Studio in Columbia, Lancaster County.
She determined that she would supply online yoga courses for teenagers and adults using both Facebook video chat or by means of Zoom.
“At first I didn’t know how this was going to work,” Liebgott stated. “But after doing some research I was able to find a way to do a video chat with multiple people.”
Liebgott plans to host one class in the morning for the youngsters and one in the night for the adults. It’s the similar setup, however the solely difference is that she won’t be surrounded by a gaggle of individuals in a room.
“Though I would much rather be at my studio with my members, doing this virtually still connects me to them and I also get people from other cities and states joining in on my classes,” she stated.
Even although individuals can’t come in to her studio for courses, Liebgott stated that she’s glad to still have the help from the group.
“To know that people still want to attend my classes online, just lets me know that I can still do my job even with this coronavirus going on.”
Kevin Moore is the Sports Life Reporter for the York Daily Record the place he dives right into a beat discovering tales that have a deeper which means than sports activities itself. He might be reached at [email protected], 717-309-4814, or on Twitter at @kevmoore93.
This coverage is just potential by means of help from subscriptions. Sign up with a special offer for new subscribers. | https://www.healthsandmore.com/2020/03/25/from-lending-weights-to-online-classes-staying-fit-looks-different-in-the-age-of-coronavirus-york-daily-record/ |
The present invention relates to the fabrication of opto-electronic devices, and more particularly, to a method for providing smooth facets on the devices.
Laser diodes (LDs) based on GaN and other Group III-V semiconductors are of great interest because such laser diodes operate in the blue region of the optical spectrum. An edge-emitting GaN LD is typically fabricated by depositing a number of layers of GaN-based semiconductors on a sapphire substrate. The mirrors that form the ends of the laser cavity are created by cleaving the sapphire substrate and GaN layers. Ideally, the cleavage occurs along the crystal planes of the GaN layers leaving smooth facets that are perpendicular to the direction of light propagation in the laser.
In practice, the cleaving is accomplished by cutting the back side of the wafer (i.e., the side opposite to that on which the GaN layers are deposited) with a dicing saw or a scribe to form a groove having a V-shaped cross-section in the sapphire. The depth of the groove is determined by the device used to cut the groove. If a scribe is utilized, the groove is very shallow. If a dicing saw is utilized, the groove may extend a significant distance into the sapphire substrate. The cleaving is performed by applying pressure from the front or back surface of the wafer. Prior art systems that cleave in this manner are described in Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. H5-343742 and Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. H5-315643.
Unfortunately, sapphire does not cleave easily. As a result, the resulting cleaved face is often rough, and hence, poorly suited for the mirrors that define the ends of the laser cavity.
In addition, the crystal planes of the semiconductor layers are usually not aligned with the crystal planes of the sapphire, so that cleaving the wafer may result in the semiconductor layers having a facet having one or more of the following defects: misalignment with the facet of the sapphire substrate, inadequate flatness, and an undesired orientation.
To overcome these problems, additional processing is often required. For example, the facets are polished in some fabrication systems. In these systems, the cleaved part is mounted on a polishing device and polished with diamond slurry. This method requires that the device be mounted twice in the polishing apparatus, once to polish each of the two mirrors. As a result, polishing contributes substantially to the cost of the devices, and is to be avoided.
Methods based on dry etching of the cleaved device utilizing reactive ion etching (RIE) or reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) have been utilized to smooth the facets without resorting to mechanical polishing. However, these techniques have a number of problems. First, the etch times are significant. Second, etching conditions that provide a smooth surface are not easily obtained. Accordingly, dry etching has not provided the needed solution to the problem of providing mirror quality facets at a cost that does not significantly increase the cost of the final device.
The present invention seeks to provide an improved opto-electronic device.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided s method of fabricating an opto-electronic device as specified in claim 1.
The preferred embodiment can provide an improved method for providing polished facets in Group III-V semiconductor devices. It can also provide a cutting and polishing method capable of obtaining a sufficiently smooth surface without using conventional polishing techniques.
It is possible with the preferred embodiment to provide a method for fabricating opto-electronic devices that polishes both cut end surfaces of the source material of the opto-electronic device without removing the source material of the opto-electronic device from the polishing fixture.
The preferred embodiment provides a method for fabricating opto-electronic devices having a surface that includes a first mirror facet in a first semiconductor layer deposited on a wafer. The mirror facet is located in a first facet plane. In the method of the present invention, the wafer is divided along a first line to create a segment having the mirror facet located therein. The segment is fixed to a fixture that moves in relation to a dicing disk that has a first planar surface in which polishing grit is embedded. The segment is fixed to a mounting surface such that the first plane is aligned parallel to the first planar surface of the dicing disk. The dicing disk is caused to rotate while the first planar surface is in contact with the segment, but not in contact with the mounting surface, thereby polishing a surface of the segment. For opto-electronic devices that include a second mirror facet in a second facet plane, the second facet plane being parallel to the first facet plane and displaced therefrom, the wafer is also divided along the second line such that the segment also includes the second facet plane. The second mirror surface is polished by causing the dicing disk to rotate while the second planar surface is in contact with segment along the second line. The present invention can be practiced with a conventional dicing saw.
An embodiment of the present invention is described below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a bottom view of a wafer 2 on which the opto-electronic devices have been partially fabricated.
Figure 2 is a across-sectional view of the wafer shown in Figure 1 through line 9-9'.
Figure 3 is a top view illustrating a segment having one or more opto-electronic devices affixed to a fixture.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the segment shown in Figure 3 through line b-b'.
Figure 5 is a top view of a dicing disk and wafer segment during the preferred polishing process.
Figure 6 is a side view of the dicing disk and segment shown in Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a side view of another embodiment of a polishing fixture for use with the preferred method.
For the purposes of the present discussion, it will be assumed that the opto-electronic device has been constructed on a wafer which is then cut to provide a device in which two opposing ends correspond to the facets that must be polished. As will be explained in detail below, the cut device or devices are mounted on a fixture that moves relative to a dicing disk that polishes the facets. The devices do not need to be remounted when the second facet is polished; hence, the described embodiment substantially reduces the cost of polishing the devices. In addition, the dicing disk has the polishing grid embedded therein which further reduces the processing costs relative to polishing methods that utilize a polishing slurry.
Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, which illustrate the manner in which the opto-electronic devices are cut from the wafer. Figure 1 is a bottom view of a wafer 2 on which the opto-electronic devices have been partially fabricated. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view through line 9-9'. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wafer is partially cut on the backside 25 of the wafer utilizing a dicing saw to create two V-shaped grooves. The dicing saw blade 1 moves with respect to the wafer 2 creating grooves in the back of the wafer. The grooves are positioned with respect to the facets to be polished. Exemplary grooves are shown at 3A and 3B. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a blade with a diameter D1 of 52 mm, thickness T1 of 0.2 mm, blade tip angle 26 of 60° is used as the dicing blade 1. A blade suitable for use in the present invention is commercially available under the trade name DIAMOND BLADE from Disco, Japan (Pattern no. B1E803, or NBC-Z 202JLT1, 52 x 0.2 x 40 x 60°).
The wafer is further divided into segments that are to be mounted and polished together. Each segment may be an individual opto-electronic device or a row of such devices with their mirror facets aligned with V-shaped grooves. The segments are cut from the wafer with the aid of a conventional dicing blade. The separation cuts are shown at 3' in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 2, the wafer includes a number of GaN-based semiconductor layers shown on the front surface of the sapphire substrate 21 at 22. The semiconductor layers may be layers of a group of III-V semiconductor material, preferably of a group of III-N semiconductor material such as GaN, AIN, InN, BN, AlInN, GaInN, AIGaN, BAIN, BInN, BGaN and BAIGaN, or more preferably of a GaN-based semiconductor material. For the purposes of the present discussion, it will be assumed that these layers are used to implement one or more laser diodes whose mirror facets are aligned with grooves 3A and 3B. The sapphire substrate typically has a thickness of 100 to 500 µm and the c axis defines the facet orientation. The depth of V-grooves 3A and 3B, as measured from the back surface 25 of the wafer is about 50 mm. V-groove 3 is typically formed using the above-described dicing blade operating at 30,000 rpm. The devices are separated from the wafer by cleaving along the V-grooves.
Referring now to Figures 3 and 4 which illustrate the manner in which the diced parts are fixed prior to polishing. Figure 3 is a top view illustrating a segment 4 having one or more opto-electronic devices affixed to a fixture 5 having a glass plate with a mounting surface 51. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along the b-b' line in Figure 3. The back surface 45 of the source material for the opto-electronic device 4 is fixed by a wax layer 6 to mounting surface 51. The cleavage of the segment along the V-groove creates an overhang 41 that includes the surface 42 to be polished.
The mounted segment is then cut and polished by utilizing a dicing disk 7 as shown in Figures 5 and 6. Figure 5 is a top view of dicing disk 7 and segment 4 during the polishing process, and Figure 6 is a side view of dicing disk 7 and segment 4 during the polishing process. Dicing disk 7 makes one or more passes in contact with the surface of segment 4 that is to be polished. Dicing disk 7 is moved in the direction shown by arrow 8A during each pass. If multiple passes are utilized, the dicing disk is moved in the direction shown by arrow 8B between each pass so as to remove more material. The process is terminated when a planar facet of the desired smoothness is obtained. The stepping distance for each path is typically 0.1 µm.
After the first set of facets has been polished, the facets on the opposite end 43 of the segment can be cut and polished by moving the position of dicing disk 7. If both surfaces of dicing disk 7 have polishing grit, the mounting fixture does not need to be removed from the mechanical platform used for moving dicing disk 7 relative to segment 4.
A dicing blade of the type used to cut wafers is suitable for dicing disk 7. A blade suitable for this purpose is sold commercially by Disco, Japan, under the name DIAMOND BLADE (Pattern No. SD6000). The disk is used at a speed of typically 30,000 rpm. The dicing disk only needs to have diamond particles or powder embedded in that portion of the disk that comes in contact with the portion of the segment to be polished. It should also be noted that the diameter of the above dicing disk utilized in the present invention is significantly smaller than the diameter of the polishing disk used in prior art polishing methods. Hence, the quantity of diamond powder needed is significantly reduced with the described embodiment.
Furthermore, different regions of the dicing disk may be utilized once one region is worn by changing the distance between the center of the axis on which the disk rotates and the mounting surface. The areas of the dicing disk that are available for use may be further increased by providing a recess in the mounting fixture as shown in Figure 7 which is a side view of another embodiment of a polishing apparatus 200. Polishing apparatus 200 differs from polishing apparatus 100 shown in Figures 5 and 6 in that the mounting fixture 6 includes a cut-out 62 which allows dicing disk 7 to move below the surface 61 on which the opto-electronic device is mounted.
This embodiment of the present invention is also well suited for processing segments in which the parts are cleaved via a scribe. When cleaved, the resulting segments do not have the large overhang generated by cleavage along a saw-cut V-groove. Accordingly, the clearance between the mounting surface and the end of the dicing disk is much less. The additional cut-out assures that the dicing disk does not come in contact with the mounting surface.
It should also be noted, the described embodiment may be practiced on the same mechanical system used to dice the wafers. The fixture of the described embodiment is merely inserted in the device in place of the wafer and the dicing disk is utilized in place of the dicing saw that is used to cut the V-shaped grooves. Hence, the described embodiment does not require additional, and expensive, precision carriages to provide the movement of the dicing disk with respect to the mounted segment.
The polishing operation is repeated on the surface of the strip created by cleavage along V-shaped groove 3B in devices having opposing mirrors. It should be noted that the mounting fixture only needs to be moved relative to the dicing disk to properly position the dicing disk for these mirrors. Accordingly, the segment does not need to be remounted on the fixture.
Various modifications to the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and accompanying drawings.
The disclosures in Japanese patent application no. 9/367832, from which this application claims priority, and in the abstract accompanying this application are incorporated herein by reference. | |
Been spending a lot of time lately on sorting out Debian package generation for Maven projects. The .deb packages available for download now make it easier to install ADAMS on Debian systems (and derivatives like Ubuntu). This includes installing them inside Docker containers. The MySQL JDBC driver is back to the old version due to a problem introduce with 6.x (my bug report is linked below).
Fixes
adams-weka and adams-weka-lts: The number of threads defined in the JobRunner used for cross-validation in the Classify tab of the Weka Investigator is no longer getting ignored.
adams-rats: fixed a race condition in the FileLister rat input scheme when used inside a Cron one, which occurred when the Cron was triggering faster than the file listing was moving the files, resulting in multiple outputs.
Changes
reverted MySQL driver back to 5.1.42, due to driver listing columns from table from any database that the database user has access to - file a bug report with MySQL regarding this https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=95717
upgraded processoutput4j to 0.0.10
upgraded jclasslocator to 0.0.14
obsolete provenance support has been completely removed.
The new ListSelectionValueDefinition class, to be used with the EnterManyValues source, is targed at pre-defined lists with a pre-selected default value (rather than just using the first list item as the DefaultValueDefinition only offers).
The SequentialDirectory, as used by the Sequence control actor (and therefore by a lot of other actors internally) has seen speed improvements for large sequences that contain multiple disabled/skipped actors. Code for storing output from last active actor in such a sequence has been optimized as well. In some cases, this reduced the actor execution overheads by 20 percent. NB: these overheads may be trivial to the other operations executed in the sequence itself. In order for this to work properly, variable support has been disabled for the skip option of actors.
introduced lenient flag in AbstractDataContainerDbReader which only outputs warnings instead of generating errors when containers cannot be loaded from DB.
Class names (ADAMS and JDK ones) are now better hyperlinked in the GUI help frame.
adams-video: updated vljc dependency to 3.12.1 (VLC player works again on Linux Mint 19.1).
Additions
The ArrayBinning statistic applies selected binning algorithm/postprocessing.
added module adams-scripts-debian for generic scripts to be used in debian packages
adams-applications: after forking the abandoned debian-maven project (http://debian-maven.sf.net/ to https://github.com/fracpete/debian-maven-plugin) and reworking the code base extensively, support for generating .deb install packages for Debian was added. and Ubuntu, using deb:package maven target.
adams-meta: The CurrentFlow source outputs the flow itself, with optional expansion of variables using their current state. Useful when trying to store the state of a flow at a certain time or when auto-generating flows.
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adams-spreadsheet:
With the MakeJFreeChartDataset transformer, you can generate datasets for JFreeChart plots or file writers.
The StorageJFreeChartDataset transformer allows you to add data series to an existing JFreeChart dataset in storage, e.g., when combining plots from multiple spreadsheets. | https://adams.cms.waikato.ac.nz/posts/updates-2019/07/03/ |
A great way to start writing, jump start your stalled writing, or push your writing to a new level … Join a new, smaller, more intimate session (max. eight students) of an ongoing creative writing workshop, which evolved out of a University of Toronto Creative Writing course.
Through a series of writing prompts, we’ll explore various components of narrative prose - exposition, dialogue, point-of-view, style, etc. Each week participants write a short, assigned piece which we’ll read and discuss in class.
These exercises are designed to spark the imagination and hone the craft of writing, and are suitable to writers of fiction and memoir, beginning writers or those further along.
The workshop in general is conceived as a supportive, illuminating, entertaining and provocative environment in which to develop narrative skills and ideas. | http://open-book.ca/Events/Creative-Writing-Workshop6 |
10 top tips from 10 years of travel blogging
Today marks 10 years to the day that I started A Luxury Travel Blog. Back then, it was something I did on my lunch breaks out of personal interest and as a bit of a hobby – little did I realise then that it would take off to the extent that it did, and become my full time job. During that time, I’ve been fortunate to have quite a lot of success and am frequently listed among the top few on all those top travel blogger lists that seem do the rounds.
These tips are based on my experiences from those 10 years and are for those who are looking to make a career from travel blogging, not necessarily for those who are just doing it to keep a personal diary with no intention of making it a profession. I hope they will be helpful not only to those just starting out but also to some of you who are already established, even it just re-enforces what you already know or are already doing.
1. Do your own thing
As a travel blogger, you’ll read lots of advice on how you should be doing things. These are not hard and fast rules and really you should be doing what you feel works best for you. Take your own path, not one you feel you should be taking because that’s what others do.
For example, we often read that your blog must be personal and all about you. This is not a ‘rule’ I especially follow; sure, you’ll see occasional photos of me, but I prefer to have the emphasis on the destinations rather than forever presenting pictures of myself or my family (which personally I feel is rather narcissistic sometimes). I am not saying one way is right or wrong – there are pros and cons to each – just that you don’t necessarily have to do what everyone else does.
Similarly, you’ll read that you should reply to each and every comment posted on your blog. Whilst I reply to some, I don’t feel this same obligation to reply to everything – instead, I’ll reply to comments as and when I wish or feel the need or have the time. Again, there are pros and cons to each – replying to people can foster stronger relationships between you and your readers (and encourage them to comment more often), but equally sometimes the comments can be so banal if you’ve little to add that they add little to the blog and become something of a turn-off.
The internet is rife with what you should or should not be doing to ‘make it’ as a travel blogger (invariably from people who haven’t made it themselves!). You must also shoot lots of video… you must use Snapchat… you must comment on other blogs… you must use WordPress… you must keep track of your Klout score… you must visit at least one new country each year… no, no, NO! You don’t have to do any of these things!! You could be successful without doing any of the above.
In short, just because you see most travel bloggers doing something in one particular way doesn’t mean to say that you should, too. On the contrary, it could even be good reason for you to do things differently. With this in mind, take the remaining tips I present here with a pinch of salt. Although I believe they will help, they are not set in stone. You should not feel obligated to follow them – develop your own style and go with what suits you and your blog best.
2. Find a niche
My previous point aside, I would recommend you find your own niche. Travel is such a broad subject area that you really need to focus on what interests you most and what you think you can cover best. When I started out, this was relatively simple – most of the travel blogs out there were backpackers travelling on a budget. Hardly anyone focussed on luxury so I was doing something different to everyone else. Now there is a glut of luxury travel blogs and of travel blogs in general so finding a unique angle is less easy than it once was.
Bear in mind, though, that your niche doesn’t have to boil down to luxury versus budget (and probably shouldn’t given how saturated these two areas have become). There are many different angles you could consider: solo travel, city breaks, travel health, the outdoors, family travel, RV travel, theme parks, couples travel, sports travel, LBGT travel, cruises, food and travel, travelling with a baby, travelling with pets, adventure travel, honeymoons, group travel, camping, responsible travel, skiing, educational travel, safaris, disabled travel, travel in specific locations etc. The list is endless.
Having a niche is important it prevents you from spreading yourself too thinly and makes you more appealing to your target market. By having a focus you can market more effectively to a narrower group of people and, contrary to what you might at first think, this can actually lead to you being more profitable. Readers and potential clients will know exactly what you are about, and you have more chance of becoming an expert in your field as well as a greater chance of online visibility in your chosen area. It will be much easier to establish relationships with strategic partners and you will be more likely to receive referrals if you have clear area of specialism.
3. Be prepared for a long, hard slog
Being a professional travel blogger isn’t the big, long holiday that some might have you believe. Don’t be fooled by the photographs of bloggers on beaches with laptop at the ready. Not only is this not really practical (sand and computers don’t tend to go well together) but it’s also not the reality for most of the top travel bloggers, even if it’s an image you sometimes see portrayed.
The reality is very different. Sure, there are great perks associated with being a travel blogger and it is a truly amazing job but if you’re going to ‘make it’, you’re going to need to put in a lot of hard work and be prepared to persevere. Starting a travel blog ten years ago wasn’t easy – I had to put in a serious amount of work before I started to see any significanct returns. Starting one now is going to be even tougher given the huge number of established travel blogs that are already out there.
4. Focus on quality content
We hear it all the time that ‘content is king’. Whether you choose to believe it is the ‘be all and end all’ or not, there’s no getting away from its importance. Good quality content is the foundation that you need for a successful travel blog. Without it, you’ll never get as far as you could if you just put that extra little bit of effort and planning into your posts.
Write about things that are not only interesting, but also useful. Present your post in an aesthetically-pleasing and easy-to-follow format. Try to use good spelling, grammar and punctuation, as well as quality imagery. Your readers will be far more likely to return if they feel they gleaned something worthwhile the first time around.
5. Promote like crazy
I cannot underestimate the importance of promoting the content that you publish. However good your content is, it’ll never realise its full potential if you don’t give it a little nudge in the right direction. Better still, give each and every post as much exposure as you possibly can.
Whether sharing on social media, engaging in discussions on travel boards, utilising your mailing list, trying to get the word out offline or running a paid advertising campaign, you can never do too much marketing and there is always more you can be doing. The secret is to make the most of the time and resources you have available to promote your blog and blog posts to their full potential.
6. Attend industry events
I was a little slow on the uptake with this one – but out of choice rather than it being an oversight. With a young family, I didn’t want to be going to events here, there and everywhere. I wanted to spend time with my kids. As they got to school age, that gradually changed and I’ve attended more and more over the years, particularly events specific to my niche.
Understand that meeting people in person puts an entirely different complexion on a relationship. Whether you like it or not, there are many people out there who are only likely to do business with you if they have met you in person. And in some cases, they might want to have met you several times.
At the same time, I wouldn’t advise you go to all industry events – there are so many and at some point you have to do some work, rather than simply continuously networking. Some events will work better for you than others – be selective and use your time wisely.
7. Be professional at all times
Maybe I’m old school but I sometimes see travel bloggers using expletives in their posts. If I was looking to hire a travel blogger, would I choose someone like that? Perhaps others might, but I certainly wouldn’t. It’s really not necessarily to swear in your posts – some would even say it demonstrates a lack of vocabulary and an inability to properly express yourself.
In the same vein, don’t be late, be presentable, don’t abuse the generosity of your hosts, don’t be over-familiar, and don’t get drunk at parties at industry events or on assignments. Be courteous and professional at all times. You are working afterall and not on a Club 18-30 holiday.
On a recent trip, there was a blogger who was late to just about everything we did on the trip and called one of our hosts ‘babe’ when talking to her. It was embarrassingly inappropriate and unprofessional. If I was the client, would I hire that person again? No!
8. Take notes and write up trips promptly
Make sure you take detailed notes when you travel. This way you will record details that you are otherwise likely to forget.
The sooner you can write up your travels afterwards, the easier it will be to do since it will be fresher in the memory banks. It’s not always possible but increasingly I try to write things up as I go along – even if just in note form – and use the flight home to get the bulk of the work done.
9. Use the expertise of others
Running a successful blog is more than a full time job. If it’s a big success, one person can’t easily do it alone so consider hiring others to help out, whether it be writers, marketeers or whatever area it is that you need help the most.
I can’t be in two places at once so, when hired for assignments that would overlap, I have in the past sent people I can trust to represent me. Of course, you need to choose carefully but if you’ve been around for a while, you should have a good idea of who knows what you and your blog are about.
10. Appreciate your blog’s worth
For me, too many travel bloggers undersell themselves. They are desperate to go on whatever trips they are offered but fail to recognise that they are offering a service of value, not just enjoying a life of free travel. Travel blogging is a business – for me, at least, even if it’s not how I set out in the first instance. For a travel blog to be sustainable over the longer term, you need to have a revenue stream. Free stays in hotels do not pay the bills, nor do free gadgets and products sent to you in return for a review. Without an income, you’re unable to re-invest in your site and take it to the next level, let alone cover your day-to-day expenses.
Work out how you are going to make money, be it through sponsored posts, charging a day rate, selling banners or whatever. Maybe your blog will actually just be a vehicle for getting other related work – eg. travel photography, social media consultancy, etc. Whatever your methods, have a plan in place, charge accordingly and stand your ground on price. Providing some huge discount the first time you work on a small project with someone will only mean the same is expected the second and third time, so start as you mean to go on.
Don’t be afraid to say ‘no’ and turn work down if clients are not prepared to recognise the value you offer. There will be others who will. | https://www.aluxurytravelblog.com/2015/12/28/10-top-tips-from-10-years-of-travel-blogging/ |
Here is the meaning and Word Game information for Elmy
Here are the values for each of the letters/tiles in your rack. These values do not include any bonus squares, which can double or triple the value of the total word or letter.
Elmy is included in the 4 Letter Words list and 4 Letter Words starting with E list. Go to either of the lists to see related words.
Below is a list of additional words that can be unscrambled from the letters E L M Y
This is a list of words related to the letters elmy
These are popular word lists from word games, such as, Scrabble, Words With Friends, Text Twist, Jumble and others. | https://www.wordunscrambler.net/word-meaning/elmy |
Shawn focuses mainly on drawing, but sometimes paints with oils, acrylic or watercolour, but the bulk of his practice is focused on original drawings. These are then photographed and manipulated, some of these digitally, to make new work, with the final giclée print process creating fine art prints.
His 'Universally speaking' series comprises ten original A3 graphite drawings on paper, and a collection of A3 and A2 prints.
All the work comes directly from his original hand drawn pieces
Themes/Style:
The themes in Shawn’s work are broad in scope, drawing inspiration from symbology, ancient history, mythology, religion and science.
His style blends architectural lines and geometries, with natural shapes and forms, creating intricate works of fine art.
Shawn Randall –
‘For me, symbols are a language, they transcend cultural barriers and allow me to communicate with a global audience. I like to think I produce aesthetically pleasing work, but there is always an undertone: a spikiness, a shadow or some awkward, organic form. Nothing is ever truly perfect, and I play with this tension’. | https://guildfordarts.org/ga_artists/shawn-randall/ |
New evidence for hybrid zones of forest and savanna elephants in Central and West Africa.
The African elephant consists of forest and savanna subspecies. Both subspecies are highly endangered due to severe poaching and habitat loss, and knowledge of their population structure is vital to their conservation. Previous studies have demonstrated marked genetic and morphological differences between forest and savanna elephants, and despite extensive sampling, genetic evidence of hybridization between them has been restricted largely to a few hybrids in the Garamba region of northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Here, we present new genetic data on hybridization from previously unsampled areas of Africa. Novel statistical methods applied to these data identify 46 hybrid samples--many more than have been previously identified--only two of which are from the Garamba region. The remaining 44 are from three other geographically distinct locations: a major hybrid zone along the border of the DRC and Uganda, a second potential hybrid zone in Central African Republic and a smaller fraction of hybrids in the Pendjari-Arli complex of West Africa. Most of the hybrids show evidence of interbreeding over more than one generation, demonstrating that hybrids are fertile. Mitochondrial and Y chromosome data demonstrate that the hybridization is bidirectional, involving males and females from both subspecies. We hypothesize that the hybrid zones may have been facilitated by poaching and habitat modification. The localized geography and rarity of hybrid zones, their possible facilitation from human pressures, and the high divergence and genetic distinctness of forest and savanna elephants throughout their ranges, are consistent with calls for separate species classification.
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What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function in the joints. It occurs when the immune system, which normally defends the body from invading organisms, turns its attack against the membrane lining the joints.
Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Tender, warm, swollen joints
- Symmetrical pattern of affected joints
- Joint inflammation often affecting the wrist and finger joints closest to the hand
- Joint inflammation sometimes affecting other joints, including the neck, shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, ankles, and feet
- Fatigue, occasional fevers, a loss of energy
- Pain and stiffness lasting for more than 30 minutes in the morning or after a long rest
- Symptoms that last for many years
- Variability of symptoms among people with the disease
The course of rheumatoid arthritis can range from mild to severe. In most cases it is chronic, meaning it lasts a long time—often a lifetime. For many people, periods of relatively mild disease activity are punctuated by flares, or times of heightened disease activity. In others, symptoms are constant.
Who Has Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Scientists estimate that about 1.5 million people, or about 0.6 percent of the U.S. adult population, have rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, some recent studies have suggested that although the number of new cases of rheumatoid arthritis for older people is increasing, the overall number of new cases may actually be going down.
What Happens in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is primarily a disease of the joints. A joint is the point where two or more bones come together. With a few exceptions (in the skull and pelvis, for example), joints are designed to allow movement between the bones and to absorb shock from movements like walking or repetitive motions. The ends of the bones are covered by a tough, elastic tissue called cartilage. The joint is surrounded by a capsule that protects and supports it (see illustration below). The joint capsule is lined with a type of tissue called synovium, which produces synovial fluid, a clear substance that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage and bones inside the joint capsule.
Like many other rheumatic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease (auto means self), so-called because a person’s immune system, which normally helps protect the body from infection and disease, attacks joint tissues for unknown reasons. White blood cells, the agents of the immune system, travel to the synovium and cause inflammation (synovitis), characterized by warmth, redness, swelling, and pain—typical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. During the inflammation process, the normally thin synovium becomes thick and makes the joint swollen puffy, and sometimes warm to the touch.
As rheumatoid arthritis progresses, the inflamed synovium invades and destroys the cartilage and bone within the joint. The surrounding muscles, ligaments, and tendons that support and stabilize the joint become weak and unable to work normally. These effects lead to the pain and joint damage often seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers studying rheumatoid arthritis now believe that it begins to damage bones during the first year or two that a person has the disease, one reason why early diagnosis and treatment are so important.
Some people with rheumatoid arthritis also have symptoms in places other than their joints. Many people with rheumatoid arthritis develop anemia, or a decrease in the production of red blood cells. Other effects that occur less often include neck pain and dry eyes and mouth. Very rarely, people may have inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis), the lining of the lungs (pleurisy), or the sac enclosing the heart (pericarditis).
A joint (the place where two bones meet) is surrounded by a capsule that protects and supports it. The joint capsule is lined with a type of tissue called synovium, which produces synovial fluid that lubricates and nourishes joint tissues. In rheumatoid arthritis, the synovium becomes inflamed, causing warmth, redness, swelling, and pain. As the disease progresses, the inflamed synovium invades and damages the cartilage and bone of the joint. Surrounding muscles, ligaments, and tendons become weakened. Rheumatoid arthritis also can cause more generalized bone loss that may lead to osteoporosis (fragile bones that are prone to fracture).
How Does Rheumatoid Arthritis Affect People’s Lives?
Rheumatoid arthritis affects people differently. Some people have mild or moderate forms of the disease, with periods of worsening symptoms, called flares, and periods in which they feel better, called remissions. Others have a severe form of the disease that is active most of the time, lasts for many years or a lifetime, and leads to serious joint damage and disability.
Although rheumatoid arthritis is primarily a disease of the joints, its effects are not just physical. Many people with rheumatoid arthritis also experience issues related to:
- depression, anxiety
- feelings of helplessness
- low self-esteem.
Rheumatoid arthritis can affect virtually every area of a person’s life from work life to family life. It can also interfere with the joys and responsibilities of family life and may affect the decision to have children.
Fortunately, current treatment strategies allow most people with the disease to lead active and productive lives. These strategies include pain-relieving drugs and medications that slow joint damage, a balance between rest and exercise, and patient education and support programs. In recent years, research has led to a new understanding of rheumatoid arthritis and has increased the likelihood that, in time, researchers will find even better ways to treat the disease.
What Causes Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Scientists still do not know exactly what causes the immune system to turn against the body’s own tissues in rheumatoid arthritis, but research over the last few years has begun to piece together the factors involved.
Genetic (inherited) factors: Scientists have discovered that certain genes known to play a role in the immune system are associated with a tendency to develop rheumatoid arthritis. For the genes that have been linked to rheumatoid arthritis, the frequency of the risky gene is only modestly higher in those with rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy controls. In other words, individual genes by themselves confer only a small relative risk of disease. Some people who have these particular genes never develop the disease. These observations suggest that although a person’s genetic makeup plays an important role in determining if he or she will develop rheumatoid arthritis, it is not the only factor. What is clear, however, is that more than one gene is involved in determining whether a person develops rheumatoid arthritis and how severe the disease will become.
Environmental factors: Many scientists think that something must occur to trigger the disease process in people whose genetic makeup makes them susceptible to rheumatoid arthritis. A variety of factors have been suggested, but a specific agent has not been identified.
Other factors: Some scientists also think that a variety of hormonal factors may be involved. Women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis than men. The disease may improve during pregnancy and flare after pregnancy. Breastfeeding may also aggravate the disease. Contraceptive use may increase a person’s likelihood of developing rheumatoid arthritis. This suggests hormones, or possibly deficiencies or changes in certain hormones, may promote the development of rheumatoid arthritis in a genetically susceptible person who has been exposed to a triggering agent from the environment.
Even though all the answers are not known, one thing is certain: rheumatoid arthritis develops as a result of an interaction of many factors. Researchers are trying to understand these factors and how they work together.
How Is Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated?
Doctors use a variety of approaches to treat rheumatoid arthritis. These are used in different combinations and at different times during the course of the disease and are chosen according to the patient’s individual situation. No matter what treatment the doctor and patient choose, however, the goals are the same: to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, slow down or stop joint damage, and improve the person’s sense of well-being and ability to function.
Good communication between the patient and doctor is necessary for effective treatment. Talking to the doctor can help ensure that exercise and pain management programs are provided as needed, and that drugs are prescribed appropriately. Talking to the doctor can also help people who are making decisions about surgery.
Goals of Treatment
- Relieve pain
- Reduce inflammation
- Slow down or stop joint damage
- Improve a person’s sense of well-being and ability to function.
Current Treatment Approaches
- Lifestyle
- Medications
- Surgery
- Routine monitoring and ongoing care.
Health behavior changes: Certain activities can help improve a person’s ability to function independently and maintain a positive outlook.
- Rest and exercise: People with rheumatoid arthritis need a good balance between rest and exercise, with more rest when the disease is active and more exercise when it is not. Rest helps to reduce active joint inflammation and pain and to fight fatigue. The length of time for rest will vary from person to person, but in general, shorter rest breaks every now and then are more helpful than long times spent in bed.
Exercise is important for maintaining healthy and strong muscles, preserving joint mobility, and maintaining flexibility. Exercise can also help people sleep well, reduce pain, maintain a positive attitude, and manage weight. Exercise programs (with Chiropractors or Physiotherapists) should take into account the person’s physical abilities, limitations, and changing needs.
- Joint care: Some people find using a splint for a short time around a painful joint reduces pain and swelling by supporting the joint and letting it rest. Splints are used mostly on wrists and hands, but also on ankles and feet. A doctor or a physical or occupational therapist can help a person choose a splint and make sure it fits properly. Other ways to reduce stress on joints include self-help devices (for example, zipper pullers, long-handled shoe horns); devices to help with getting on and off chairs, toilet seats, and beds; and changes in the ways that a person carries out daily activities.
- Stress reduction: People with rheumatoid arthritis face emotional challenges as well as physical ones. The emotions they feel because of the disease—fear, anger, and frustration—combined with any pain and physical limitations can increase their stress level. Although there is no evidence that stress plays a role in causing rheumatoid arthritis, it can make living with the disease difficult at times. Stress also may affect the amount of pain a person feels. There are a number of successful techniques for coping with stress. Regular rest periods can help, as can relaxation, distraction, or visualization exercises. Exercise programs, participation in support groups, and good communication with the health care team are other ways to reduce stress.
- Healthful diet: With the exception of several specific types of oils, there is no scientific evidence that any specific food or nutrient helps or harms people with rheumatoid arthritis. However, an overall nutritious diet with enough—but not an excess of—calories, protein, and calcium is important. Some people may need to be careful about drinking alcoholic beverages because of the medications they take for rheumatoid arthritis. Those taking methotrexate may need to avoid alcohol altogether because one of the most serious long-term side effects of methotrexate is liver damage.
- Climate: Some people notice that their arthritis gets worse when there is a sudden change in the weather. However, there is no evidence that a specific climate can prevent or reduce the effects of rheumatoid arthritis. Moving to a new place with a different climate usually does not make a long-term difference in a person’s rheumatoid arthritis. | http://www.fitforlifewellnessclinic.com/health-concerns/autoimmune-disease/rheumatoid-arthritis/ |
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Focus on the development and manufacturing of healthy and environmentally friendly plastic products. | http://www.syebuy.cn/terms-conditions.htm |
Dr. Danielle considers herself lucky to have a career where she can help people feel better about themselves. Her top priority is improving the oral health of her patients by providing the highest quality dental care possible and making sure they feel comfortable and cared for during the entire process. To do this, she takes the time to thoroughly answer patients’ questions and listen to their concerns, provides helpful education about treatment options, and uses her experience and knowledge to restore patients’ smiles. She also loves helping pediatric patients feel comfortable and relaxed throughout their treatments.
Why did you become a dentist?
I always knew I wanted to do something in the medical field. So when my sister who is six years older than me went to dental school, I was inspired. At that time, I was in high school. I watched her journey and saw how much she loved it. Her passion and joy really got me thinking about dentistry as a career. I guess I have my sister to thank for getting me into this career that I love so much.
Where did you go to dental school?
I grew up in Arizona and my parents were in the military, so when I was young we moved around a lot. When we finally were placed in the reserve, we got to stay in one place. So that’s where I call home, but when I had the chance to go to the University of San Diego for undergrad, I took it. Then, I moved to the University of Texas in Houston for dental school.
Here’s a fun fact: I met my husband in college and he’s the reason we moved back to San Diego right after dental school. We loved sunny San Diego and wanted to be close to the community we called home for so long during college. And today we are raising our family here as well. I love this city.
What is your favorite part of your dental practice?
What I find most rewarding about dentistry is when patients have had bad experiences, anxiety, or fear of the dentist, and then after talking with me, telling me their story, I’m able to make them feel comfortable. And it’s even more amazing when after four or five appointments their anxiety is completely gone and they actually enjoy coming to Dental Express to see their dentist. This is such a great feeling and definitely the best part about coming to work.
What are your passions outside of dentistry?
Well, I‘m a new mom. I have a five-month-old son and my passion is spending time with him. I pass most of my free time with my family: my husband and son. We go hiking, we take our son to the beach, we walk around Point Loma, and we just enjoy and cherish each other’s company. It’s also very nice to live so close to work. I feel connected with the community that I serve, which is super important as a dentist. Having that intimate relationship with your patients and understanding where they come from makes for a truly unforgettable dental experience.
What do you enjoy most about working at Dental Express?
It’s very much a fantastic environment. I love our dedication to putting our patients first. And I really appreciate how apparent our patient-focused philosophy is every step of the way. Everything we do at Dental Express is focused on empathy. This is an attribute that is not too common in dentistry and it’s a pleasure to work for a dental office that puts the patients’ needs and wants before all else. Empathy really sets the path for everything else we do at Dental Express.
How do you help cultivate the Dental Express team?
I definitely try to have a good attitude all the time. I believe that a positive attitude is contagious. So if I bring my best every day, then this will spread throughout the office. Plus, I always try to remind my peers that we are an amazing team and we can each learn something from someone else. I know I’m always learning from them. Each day a new team member teaches me something new. I’m learning new aspects of dentistry. I’m growing as a dentist and as a person. I believe that if we all work to stay humble and open-minded we can learn from everyone and this will only make our family dental practice more inviting and comfortable.
What would you say is the highlight of your career?
The highlight of my career so far was my graduation from dental school. It was one of the hardest things I’ve ever done, mentally and emotionally. But the best part of this experience was when I finally walked. The school allowed my sister to be there to hand me my diploma. So my story of wanting to walk in her footsteps had gone full circle and I knew I was becoming part of a profession that I had always dreamed of. That moment really sticks out in my career.
Of Dental Express’ five core values (integrity, empathy, adaptability, collaboration, and whistle while you work) which do you feel is the most valuable to you as a dentist?
I would say empathy all the way. Because as I said before, showing empathy to patients is the most important part of dental care. This value of empathy becomes ever more apparent when I go see my dentist, who is actually a friend of mine. Even with all my experience and my dentist being my friend, I still feel vulnerable when I’m in the patient’s chair. Knowing that patients allow me to work on them, trust me to take care of their teeth, I take this role very seriously and do my best to put myself in the patient’s shoes. That means I’m constantly making sure I give my best to the patient.
The second most valuable to me as a dentist is whistle while you work. I love being in a dental office always having fun. Coming to work in a place that values fun is so important to me. And I think it makes a big difference as to how our patients experience our office.
What is your greatest challenge working as a dentist?
I love being a general dentist because I can do so much: wisdom teeth, crowns, many other things. But I always want to expand my knowledge and do more training and take more courses, continually getting more education so I can serve my patients better. Unfortunately, with a full workload and a new baby, it’s sometimes difficult to stay up on the latest and greatest training to advance my knowledge. With that said, Dental Express is really good at helping us take the time we need to pursue further education. Again it’s another reason I love Dental Express.
Who is your hero?
My mom. She was a colonel in the Airforce and worked in aircraft maintenance. At the time, there were very few women in this field. So she showed and taught us not to live with limitations. Always try our best. Don’t allow others to place their expectations and limits on you. She always said that the only limitations are the ones we put on ourselves. My sister and I are successful because of her. | https://www.thedentalexpress.com/dr-danielle-mccourt/ |
Jan 7 (Reuters) – FedEx Corp (FDX.N) warned on Friday that rising cases of the Omicron variant had led to staff shortages and delays in airlifted shipments.
“The explosive surge of the COVID-19 Omicron variant has caused a temporary shortage of available crew and operational personnel,” the company said.
The delivery company said severe winter storms across the country, including at its main air hub in Memphis, Tennessee, are posing challenges and it is implementing contingency plans and adjusting operations to minimize disruption.
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Rival United Parcel Service Inc
“Recent weather events in the Louisville, Kentucky and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania areas have caused delivery delays,” a UPS spokesperson said.
Harsh winter weather and the rapid spread of the highly transmissible variant of Omicron have led to a sharp rise in infections, forcing several US airlines to cancel flights as pilots and crew members quarantine.
Insufficient staffing and other issues had forced the U.S. Postal Service, one of America’s largest civilian employers, on Thursday to seek temporary relief for its 650,000 employees from the Biden administration’s new vaccine or testing requirements covering the big enterprises. Read more
Coronavirus deaths in the United States rose by at least 2,133 on Thursday to a total of 836,901 from 834,768 the day before, according to a Reuters tally.
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Reporting by Kannaki Deka in Bangalore; Editing by Arun Koyyur and Shailesh Kuber
Our standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. | https://truth-monthly.com/fedex-warns-of-shipping-delays-as-omicron-leads-to-staff-shortages/ |
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Stephen King Explains Why He Prefers The Shining Miniseries To The Movie
Stanley Kubrick is one of the most meticulous and greatest directors in the history of cinema, so it wasn’t surprising that when he turned his hand to horror, The Shining almost instantly gained a reputation as one of the finest efforts the genre has ever seen. The filmmaker was typically punishing, with the cast enduring a torrid time as he demanded nothing less than perfection, but you can’t argue with his results no matter how harsh his methods were.
In a recent retrospective where he reflects on the mountain of feature film and television projects based on his work, King admitted that he preferred the three-episode miniseries which aired on ABC in 1997 to Kubrick’s take on The Shining, and even goes so far as to say that Steven Weber delivers a better performance than Jack Nicholson did in his iconic turn as Jack Torrance, explaining:
“He knew what he was supposed to be doing. He was supposed to express love for his family, and that the hotel just gradually overwhelms his moral sense and his love for his family.”
Not to sound too cynical, but having been cut out of the creative loop on the first stab at The Shining, it’s no surprise the prolific author holds the small screen version in a higher regard. After all, Stephen King produced the miniseries and wrote the scripts, so he certainly had a level of control that he was never afforded when infamous micromanager Kubrick was at the helm. | |
I can’t really help it: whenever I try to write this post, I just hear Keri Russell’s voice from the movie Waitress. She makes I Hate My Husband Pie, Bad Baby Pie, Falling in Love Pie, all decadent, deep dish pies that she serves at the somewhere-in-the-south diner where she works.
I guess if Keri Russell were naming my pie, she’d call it Bored on a Sunday Pie. I had a lot of blueberries, a couple peaches not quite at their peak, it was raining outdoors, and I couldn’t think of anything else to do. I didn’t have anywhere to bring it that day, but I figured it’d taste okay if I froze it right after baking, to preserve freshness, and then reheated and served it the following Friday, when there would be a bunch of people over at dinner to eat.
Now normally I don’t eat much pie. It’s like the one dessert I can pass up with ease. Fruit, to me, is snack or breakfast food—not dessert. Crust I can do without nine times out of ten. In fact, the only kinds of pie I really like are the ones most devoted pie eaters turn up their noses at: pecan and plain custard. So it was not without a little waft of hypocrisy floating about the kitchen that I cut up peaches and washed fresh blueberries for this tart.
I don’t know if it was the crumb topping’s generous proportion vis-a-vis the actual fruit, the sheer freshness of the local blueberries and the season’s first peaches, or the large scoops of ice cream we melted on top of each slice, but we devoured the pie in one easy sitting, and everyone seemed to like it—even Phoebe, the fruit-hater, and even me.
The crust of this pie is more like a shortbread than a typical pie pastry, which means no rolling and no fuss. It’s adapted from Alice Medrich’s recipe for a mocha tart (aka the kind of pie I typically like: chocolate), and it takes well to this fruit filling.
Preheat the oven to 350°F. Mix together all the ingredients for the crust and press the dough into a fluted pie pan with a removable bottom. Use your fingers to spread the dough evenly, and be sure to press it up the sides. Bake the crust for 8-10 minutes, until is is just beginning to firm up.
Meanwhile, toss the fruit with the lemon and sugar and set aside.
To make the crisp topping, combine the flour, oats, sugar, cinnamon, and salt. Work in the butter, using your fingers, until you have a very dry dough that clumps together when you press it.
When the crust is done baking, spread the fruit evenly in it. Sprinkle the crisp topping over everything, then return to the oven. Bake for 20-25 minutes more, just until the crust is brown, the blueberries are slightly melted, and the topping is crisp. Cool slightly before serving with vanilla ice cream.
Because I DO love pie crusts, as the peaches get juicier, what do I do to preserve the slightly soggy but mostly cookie crust?
Those peaches and blueberries would have been good in bread pudding too!
the rolled oats were definitely the kicker! and i am not a fruity dessert person either but this was really wonderful!
kate: i'd brush a little bit of jelly over the crust before pouring in the blueberries. but since the crust will be warm and a little fragile, heat the jam until it's smooth & spreadable before brushing it on.
frankie: yum to bread pudding! sounds great.
We made this last night thanks to your inspiration and the pounds of freshly picked blueberries we have waiting – it was delicious! I think I might bake the crust little longer than suggested, then try the jam tip; it was tasty, but I really wanted a crusty crunch. I think that would do it. | http://www.biggirlssmallkitchen.com/2009/08/baking-for-others-fruit-apathy.html |
With 2015 now in full swing, we are pleased to share with you The McKnight Foundation’snew Strategic Framework, updated and refreshed for 2015-2017. This is the second iteration of this important document, the first of which was developed in 2011 and implemented for 2012-2014. We got good mileage out of our inaugural framework during the first three years; we are excited to put the new one — a slightly streamlined model which retains the parts that worked well and revises those that needed some tuning up — to use during the next three.
McKnight’s Strategic Framework is very much a living document, which — like our work — must evolve in response to a changing environment if it is going to remain useful and relevant. We intentionally took an open and collaborative approach to the framework update process, inviting input from stakeholders connected to McKnight’s mission at all levels. Naturally, our board and staff were highly engaged; but we took a further step this time around, turning to our network of grantees, peers, and other partners for ideas on mapping our strategic course based ontheir unique contexts.
I want to thank everyone who responded to my earlier blog post inviting input as we updated the previous framework. It was gratifying to hear affirmations of McKnight’s embrace of adaptive action in addressing complex challenges and changing external conditions. There were also comments specific to individual program areas and suggestions for new issues we should consider, all of which were shared with relevant staff. I also heard from several foundation and nonprofit colleagues that they had used the framework format for their own reflection and planning efforts. Thank you for contributing to our process; your input helped make the final product relevant and useful to us, our peers, and our partners.
McKnight’s Strategic Framework 2015-2017 commits the Foundation to optimize the use of all of our resources to advance our mission. It reflects continuity in our conviction that our ability to achieve deep impact depends not only on what we do, but also how we do our work. It is intentionally broad, reflecting the diverse set of program interests and goals which we pursue. (More detailed information about specific program goals, strategies, and guidelines is available here.) Importantly, this iteration also embraces the Foundation’s recent full and robust implementation of impact investing.
As board and staff developed this document, we followed an adaptive action process framed by the questions:
- What? What is the external context in which we pursue our mission and goals? What data, trends, and patterns do we see?
- So What? What are the implications of these trends and patterns for our work as a Foundation and across our diverse program areas and operations?
- Now What? How do we best deploy our resources to optimize our impact?
The principles of adaptive action support an approach we use across the Foundation and within each program area to adjust our strategies over time in response to changes in cultural, economic, environmental, political, scientific, and technological landscapes. For example, trends relevant to multiple program strategies range from the continuing rise of greenhouse gas emissions and growing pressures on life-sustaining natural resources globally, to changing demographics and persistent disparities across race and ethnicity in our home state of Minnesota. In subsequent posts on our blog throughout this year, I anticipate that McKnight staff colleagues will examine in greater detail key trends that are influencing directions and shifts within specific program areas and how we are responding. Stay tuned!
Meanwhile, please don’t hesitate to share any thoughts or questions as you read through the document, which you might think of as a pocket guidebook for McKnight’s upcoming three years. And, as always, we are grateful to grantees and partners for the work we do together on our shared journey to improve the quality of life for present and future generations. | https://blog.glasspockets.org/partners/page/3/ |
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