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https://editorials.voa.gov/a/a-41-2010-01-08-voa1-84658377/1481681.html

Secretary Of State Clinton On Iran

["Secretary Of State Clinton On Iran\nSecretary Of State Clinton On Iran\nIn Iran, the government continues its brutal repression of the Iranian people.\nOn the sacred feast of Ashura on December 27, at least 8 people were killed and hundreds more arrested when Iranians across the country joined anti-government protests and were met once again with violence by Iran's security forces. The government's response was the bloodiest since June's disputed presidential election.", "Secretary Of State Clinton On Iran\nIn the days following the Ashura protests, Iran's Interior Minister announced that the demonstrators risk execution as enemies of God; officials arrested relatives of the country's Nobel Laureate and the main opposition leader; a pro-government website posted pictures of demonstrators and a plea to informants to identify them; and security forces arrested at least 6 more Iranian journalists.", "Secretary Of State Clinton On Iran\nAt a news conference, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said the United States is \"deeply disturbed by the mounting signs of ruthless repression\" by the government in Iran:\n\"We want to reiterate that we stand with those Iranians who are peacefully demonstrating. We mourn the loss of innocent life. We condemn the detention and imprisonment, the torture and abuse of people, which seems to be accelerating.\"", "Secretary Of State Clinton On Iran\nSecretary of State Clinton also spoke of Iran's continuing refusal to engage diplomatically on the issue of its nuclear program. In the absence of a positive response by Tehran to a proposal by the International Atomic Energy Agency involving its stockpile of enriched uranium and a Tehran research reactor, Secretary of State Clinton said the United States and other nations were starting deliberations on increasing pressure on the Iranian government:", "Secretary Of State Clinton On Iran\n\"We want to keep the door to dialogue open. But we've also made it clear we can't continue to wait. ... So we have already begun discussions with our partners and with likeminded nations about pressure and sanctions.\"\n\"We hope that there will be an opportunity for Iran to reverse course, to begin engaging in a positive way with the international community, respecting the rights of their own citizens,\" said Secretary of State Clinton. \"But we're going to continue on our dual-track approach.\"", "Secretary Of State Clinton On Iran\nReflecting the Views of the U.S. Government as Broadcast on The Voice of America\nNew Principles Guide USAID's Work\nUSAID Supports Religious Tolerance\nIranian and Syrian Noncompliance on WMD\nHumanitarian Aid for Ethiopia\nU.S. Committed to Security in Southeast Asia\nElections in Zimbabwe\nU.S. Sanctions Reimposed on Iran\nU.S. Condemns Human Rights Abuses in Nicaragua"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://abhijithravinutala.medium.com/prohibiting-women-from-sabarimala-is-wrong-heres-why-1626f2aa92f?responsesOpen=true&source=---------4----------------------------

Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here’s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium

["Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nI went to Sabarimala in December of 2009. I was a college freshman, sporting unseemly peach fuzz on my upper lip. My father and I boarded a train to Kerala. He was in m\u0101la, the term we used for men who practiced 40 days of austerity in advance of their visit to Sabarimala temple. He wore black all over, smeared ash on his forehead. He slept on the floor at home, ate blander food than the rest of us. I was supposed to call him Swami, as in saint, out of respect", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nOn the overnight train to Kerala, there were other Swamis. They were raucous, yelling and fighting like any boys\u2019 high school locker room. I saw no austerity. I called them Swami only begrudgingly, as in \u201cSwami, you\u2019re stepping on my foot.\u201d\nMy father was in dignified contrast. He sat in silence, staring out the window, answering my mother\u2019s phone calls, praying. I respected him from a distance, as I had learned to do for most of my life. I wanted to be like him one day.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nWhen we reached Kerala, before I woke, my father showered in the train bathroom with a mug of water. Prissy and immature, I deemed it \u201cgross\u201d and asked for a hotel room. The tap in the hotel bath let out black water.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nWe started our trek later that day from the town of Pampa to the hilltop temple of Ayyappa (40 million people made that same trek in 2015; for comparison, about 2\u20133 million pilgrims visit Mecca every year, and 5 million visit the Vatican). The hike was grueling. Steep climbs for 3\u20135 hours, rocky paths interspersed with respites of paved cement. My father\u2019s knees grew sore. We kept climbing, shouting out the names of Ayyappa along with thousands of other pilgrims.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nAs with many religious experiences, the fatigue and delirium from the hike, mixed with the passion of call-and-response shouts, made the sight of the deity remarkable. I remember thinking the God was smaller than I expected, but he was beautiful, shining bright and golden, tucked away in an inner sanctorum above 18 gilded steps. The sun set, lamps lit our way to the deity. I teared up.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nWhen we finished our darshan, or view, of the God and prayed, we prepared for the hike down towards a road where we could catch a taxi. My father\u2019s knees were still sore. He spotted an alternative.\nMen hoisted us on to small cots and carried us down the hill for ten minutes. I still remember looking over at my father, both of us laughing and clutching the sides of our cots, afraid to fall. Undulating masses of pilgrims moved beneath us. Men as far as the eye could see.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nSabarimala temple is beautiful, its tradition is rich. I wouldn\u2019t give up those memories with my father for anything. I fail to see why I should have been forbidden from those beautiful moments if I were a woman. With the recent controversy around the Indian Supreme Court\u2019s decision to allow women aged 10 to 50 to enter Sabarimala, protests and riots have taken place in Kerala. Women who tried to enter the temple have been stoned and barred by angry mobs, until two were successful", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nAs I\u2019ve read and re-read articles about the events, I\u2019ve noticed a few common arguments raised by supporters of the prohibition of women.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nHere are the top 5 arguments for the ban and why they are wrong in my personal view of Hinduism:\n1. The Ayyappa deity is celibate\nThis argument is often positioned as the entire religious basis for a ban on women. Let\u2019s first consider the history, and then the implications of celibacy.\nA prominent version of Ayyappa\u2019s mythology states that he is the son of Siva and Visnu (thus, the popular name HariHara Suta, which translates to son of Siva and Visnu). How can he be the son of two men?", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nIn a fundamental origin myth about the churning of the ocean to find ambrosia, Visnu transforms into a woman, named Mohini, to steal ambrosia from the demons and distribute it to the Gods. Siva, upon seeing Mohini, is so aroused by her (even though he knows Visnu has transformed), he embraces her and spills his semen onto the ground, creating Ayyappa. Who says religion is boring?", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nBy Balaji Srinivasan \u2014 originally posted to Flickr as Wood carving detail2 \u2014 Vishnu Mohini, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9711645", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nAyyappa himself grows up to defeat demons and answer prayers in the Kerala hillside. A woman, Maalikapurathamma, falls in love with him, but he says he will only marry her if new devotees stop coming to see him. As the story goes, that hasn\u2019t happened yet. Interestingly: Ayyappa pilgrims today stop to visit the shrine of Maalikapurathamma, placed just a few hundred feet away from the main shrine, as if to revere her devotion.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nThe history claims: since Ayyappa has foregone marriage, he is celibate. People (i.e., priests), not God, decided women of menstruating age must be kept from his temple at Sabarimala to protect that celibacy.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nGiven the hyper-sexed origin of Ayyappa, it\u2019s ironic that he himself is celibate. Indeed, in other Ayyappa temples, he is not depicted as celibate. He has not one, but two wives: Poorna and Pushkala. Therefore, the tradition internally has different views on his \u201ccelibacy,\u201d and the protection of it need not be so sacred. It has been defeated already.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nNote: this inconsistency is common within Hinduism because Gods are relational. Different styles of depiction represent different ways that we\u2019re supposed to relate to God. The married Ayyappa is a householder God (a family man), while the celibate Ayyappa in the mountains is a renunciate (hence the austerity expected of devotees). That being said, it is clear that celibacy is not Ayyappa\u2019s defining characteristic, even within the tradition.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nAlso, the \u201ccelibacy\u201d ban at Sabarimala was only for women aged 10\u201350. That is meant to bar all menstruating women. There are two undeniable problems with this: A) some women still menstruate after 50, and B) women above 50 can still have sex, so this age limit does not \u201cprotect his celibacy\u201d by any means. Moreover, women who enter the temple are not aiming to have sexual relations with the deity. That is plain ridiculous. They are visiting the temple to pray.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nThe entire mindset espoused by this argument of celibacy is one of patriarchy. It assumes that women are surreptitious, and their sexuality is a threat to men, who must be protected. Why is the onus not on men to keep it in their pants?", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nA final note on irony: on the fa\u00e7ade of Sabarimala temple is an inscription that reads \u201cTat Tvam Asi.\u201d This is an important Advaita (non-dualistic philosophy) phrase that asks us to realize we are one with an all-pervading God (known as Brahman). Women are being barred from entry at a temple that believes God is in all of us.\n2. It\u2019s a tradition, and we must honor it. Some women agree.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nThose who recognize the poor logic of the celibacy argument, as pointed out above, still claim that the tradition should be preserved. According to this argument, if something is old enough, it is automatically a moral good.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nWe should know better by now: we spent a large part of the 20th century and beyond making up for the way we treated our fellow humans. Apartheid, Jim Crow, no voting rights for women. These were all \u201ctraditions\u201d until people had the guts to say they were wrong. There is no point in keeping traditions alive if they discriminate against people for biological reasons.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nWhat is important in the Sabarimala tradition is what I described at the outset of this blog. Austerity, the view of the deity after a tiring day, the feeling of singing and praying at the temple, memories with loved ones. None of the important traditions that define Sabarimala are dependent on gender. There are ways to honor tradition that do not demean women based on a natural process they can\u2019t control", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nMoreover, as I described earlier, the men who are going to Sabarimala are not exactly keeping tradition alive as they should be. Why should they be given free reign?", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nFinally, there are always members of the minority or the oppressed who resist change that would benefit them. That doesn\u2019t mean we stop progressing. Some women resisted suffrage in America \u2014 we would not say that they were correct now. The Women\u2019s Wall proves millions of progressive women are eager for change.\nThe inspiring Women\u2019s Wall\n3. Menstruation has always been considered a polluting substance in Hindu texts, so menstruating women must be kept out.\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgF6IWWrxQc", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nDevdutt Pattanaik explains it best in this video.\nHindu texts were written at a time well before the development of sanitary products, when menstrual blood may have fallen onto the altar or temple floor. Even then, for some traditions, menstrual blood was seen as holy or powerful instead of contaminating.\nThere is absolutely no reason to keep believing this now that we have the benefits of science and sanitary products. We cannot continue to let men decide whether or not women are deemed \u201cpolluting.\u201d", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nMoreover, many important (and surviving) Hindu texts were written by high-caste men, who wanted to consolidate and codify their power and influence into religious texts. Those who argue that resisting the ban is a \u201cWestern\u201d idea are ignoring the long history of women and other marginalized groups in Hinduism fighting for their rights/ writing alternative religious texts (or creating new practices) against the dominant strain of Hinduism. Resistance is universal.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\n4. There are other temples women can go to. There are some temples that don\u2019t even allow men.\n40 million pilgrims visit Sabarimala because they have faith in the journey and the power of the deity. If other temples were just as powerful or important, then they would have the same number of devotees. But they do not. Women should not be restricted to less popular temples.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nMoreover, it does not matter in the least bit that men are not allowed to some temples, because those temples in question are rarely even known, or considered to have the same devotional importance. Those who bring this up are merely citing a technicality to make themselves feel better about the prejudice they sustain. That\u2019s like refusing to let women into Harvard because men are not allowed into Eastern Roanoke Women\u2019s Community College. Give me a fucking break.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\n5. The Supreme Court should not interfere with our religion, they are not saying anything against the other religions with gender discrimination.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nIt is fair to question why the Court had to involve itself with religion, but I would reposition the question. Why did we Hindus take so long to realize what is right, that the Court had to step in? Why couldn\u2019t we fix this issue ourselves? Sometimes we are blind to our issues and progressive laws must help us see. That is what happened with the Indian Supreme Court overturning Section 377 \u2014 the law paved the way for the inherent morality we should\u2019ve practiced in the first place.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nRegarding other religions: as Hindus we don\u2019t need to look outside and compare ourselves. We should be reaching our own decisions about what is right first. If similar cases like Sabarimala are brought to the Supreme Court about other religions, I fully expect and demand that the Court rule similarly.", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nAs people, I believe we are inherently knowledgeable about the moral good, and equally inherently capable of ignoring the moral good for the sake of power, influence, and discrimination. I do not believe any of the main arguments against the entry of women into Sabarimala are sound. I believe, instead, that 50 or 100 years from now we will wonder how we ever protested so much against giving women the basic rights to pray and chant that men have hoarded for thousands of years", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nModern Hinduism can be as progressive as we make it, if we ignore the voices who aim to limit it. I believe people like Devdutt Pattanaik can guide the way at times, and I aim to do my own part in the years to come. I believe there is beauty and truth and wisdom and wonder in Hindu traditions. I believe we can access that while championing modern equality. I believe all of this because I have a hope: one day I can take my daughter to Sabarimala just as my father took me.\nThe temple at Sabarimala", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nWriter in Atlanta. Fiction in Glimmer Train, Chicago Tribune, Jaggery Lit. Working on short story collection & debut novel. More at Abhijithr.com\nReligion And Sex\nMore from Abhijith Ravinutala\nThe Nuanced Grief of Infertility\nRachel Langer\nKarie Luidens in Fearless She Wrote\nWhat Happened After Sharing My Abortion Story\nLindsay Lonai Linegar \ud83c\udf3c in Lindsay with an a\nWomanhood is Beauty\nAnastasia Petrenko in Thoughts on the Human Psyche\nThe food industry would not be the same without these women", "Prohibiting Women from Sabarimala is Wrong. Here\u2019s Why. | by Abhijith Ravinutala | Medium\nCristina Mehedinteanu \ud83c\udf70\nWhen Lysol was Used as Birth Control\nKyrie Gray in Fearless She Wrote\nA wider perspective on the pay gap. Why and how to close it.\nCarmen Barrera Degante\nThe Generational Trauma Ends with Me\nNicole Bedford in Candour"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njtip/vol16/

Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property | Vol 16

["Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property | Vol 16\nAll Issues Vol. 18, Iss. 1 Vol. 17, Iss. 3 Vol. 17, Iss. 2 Vol. 17, Iss. 1 Vol. 16, Iss. 4 Vol. 16, Iss. 3 Vol. 16, Iss. 2 Vol. 16, Iss. 1 Vol. 15, Iss. 3 Vol. 15, Iss. 2 Vol. 15, Iss. 1 Vol. 14, Iss. 3 Vol. 14, Iss. 2 Vol. 14, Iss. 1 Vol. 13, Iss. 3 Vol. 13, Iss. 2 Vol. 13, Iss. 1 Vol. 12, Iss. 4 Vol. 12, Iss. 3 Vol. 12, Iss. 2 Vol. 12, Iss. 1 Vol. 11, Iss. 7 Vol. 11, Iss. 6 Vol. 11, Iss. 5 Vol. 11, Iss. 2 Vol. 11, Iss. 1 Vol. 10, Iss. 7 Vol. 10, Iss. 6 Vol. 10, Iss. 5 Vol. 10, Iss. 4 Vol. 10, Iss. 3 Vol", "Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property | Vol 16\n10, Iss. 2 Vol. 10, Iss. 1 Vol. 9, Iss. 8 Vol. 9, Iss. 7 Vol. 9, Iss. 6 Vol. 9, Iss. 5 Vol. 9, Iss. 4 Vol. 9, Iss. 3 Vol. 9, Iss. 2 Vol. 9, Iss. 1 Vol. 8, Iss. 3 Vol. 8, Iss. 2 Vol. 8, Iss. 1 Vol. 7, Iss. 3 Vol. 7, Iss. 2 Vol. 7, Iss. 1 Vol. 6, Iss. 3 Vol. 6, Iss. 2 Vol. 6, Iss. 1 Vol. 5, Iss. 3 Vol. 5, Iss. 2 Vol. 5, Iss. 1 Vol. 4, Iss. 2 Vol. 4, Iss. 1 Vol. 3, Iss. 2 Vol. 3, Iss. 1 Vol. 2, Iss. 2 Vol. 2, Iss. 1 Vol. 1, Iss. 1", "Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property | Vol 16\nHome | My Account | Accessibility Statement\nNorthwestern University School of Law 375 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611-3069\n2010-08-19 World Wide Web Disclaimer and University Policy Statements \u00a9 2010 Northwestern University"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.fox29.com/news/9-year-old-girl-struck-and-killed-after-school-on-her-birthday

9-year-old girl struck and killed after school on her birthday

["9-year-old girl struck and killed after school on her birthday\n9-year-old girl struck and killed after school on her birthday\n(INSIDE EDITION) - A 9-year-old from California was struck and killed on her birthday after getting off the bus, police said.\nAnakaren Galvan got off the bus and was darting across traffic lanes when she was hit last Monday evening, County Sheriff's Sgt. Brian Hudson told KTLA.\nShe was transferred to the hospital where she later died.", "9-year-old girl struck and killed after school on her birthday\nIn a GoFundMe, started by the little girl's sisters, the family said all Anakaren wanted for her birthday that day was to go to church.\nThe family described her as \"full of love and kindness.\"\n\"Anakaren being the little angel that she's always been loved church,\" her sisters wrote on the fundraising page. \"That day all she wanted for her birthday was to go to church and give thanks to god for letting her see 9 years of life.\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.wdfw.wa.gov/news/dec1813a/

Newsroom | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife

["Newsroom | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\n600 Capitol Way North, Olympia, WA 98501-1091 December 18, 2013 Contact: Dan Ayres, (360) 249-4628\nRazor clam digs tentatively set\nthrough February of new year\nOLYMPIA \ufffd For those with time to plan beyond the winter holidays, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) has tentatively scheduled a new series of evening razor clam digs through February.", "Newsroom | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\nUnder that plan, various ocean beaches will be open for 13 days in January and five days in February if marine toxin tests show the clams are safe to eat.\nWDFW will announce final word on those digs about a week before they are scheduled to begin.", "Newsroom | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\n\u201cWe\u2019re announcing these dates now so people can start making plans for the new year,\u201d said Dan Ayres, WDFW coastal shellfish manager. \u201cWe\u2019ve had a terrific season so far, and expect plenty of great digging in the months ahead.\u201d Ayres noted that a dig now proposed to start New Year\u2019s Day would effectively add five additional days to a dig previously planned during the last three days in December.", "Newsroom | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\nAs in recent months, all digs are scheduled on evening tides. No digging will be allowed on any beach before noon.\nUpcoming digs are scheduled on the following dates, beaches and low tides:\nDec. 29, Sunday, 4:05 p.m.; -0.2 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks, Copalis\nDec. 30, Monday, 4:55 p.m.; -0.9 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks, Copalis", "Newsroom | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\nDec. 31, Tuesday, 5:42 p.m.; -1.4 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks,Copalis, Jan. 1, Wednesday, 6:29 p.m.; -1.7 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks\nJan. 2, Thursday, 7:15 p.m.; -1.7 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks\nJan. 3, Friday, 8:00 p.m.; -1.4 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks\nJan. 4, Saturday, 8:45 p.m.; -0.9 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks, Copalis\nJan. 5, Sunday, 9:31 p.m.; -0.2 feet; Twin Harbors\nJan. 15, Wednesday, 6:19 p.m.; -0.1 feet; Twin Harbors", "Newsroom | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\nJan. 16, Thursday, 6:51 p.m.; -0.1 feet; Twin Harbors\nJan. 17, Friday, 7:22 p.m.; 0.0 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks\nJan. 18, Saturday, 7:53 p.m.; 0.2 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks\nJan. 28, Tuesday, 4:36 p.m.; -0.7 feet; Twin Harbors\nJan. 29, Wednesday, 5:25 p.m.; -1.2 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach\nJan. 30, Thursday, 6:11 p.m.; -1.4 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks\nJan. 31, Friday, 6:55 p.m.; -1.4 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks", "Newsroom | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\nFeb. 1, Saturday, 7:38 p.m.; -1.0 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks, Copalis\nFeb. 2, Sunday, 8:20 p.m.; -0.5 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks\nFeb. 26, Wednesday, 4:15 p.m.; -0.4 feet; Twin Harbors\nFeb. 27, Thursday, 5:04 p.m.; -0.7 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks\nFeb. 28, Friday, 5:49 p.m.; -0.8 feet; Twin Harbors, Long Beach, Mocrocks", "Newsroom | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\nUnder state law, diggers can take 15 razor clams per day and are required to keep the first 15 they dig. Each digger's clams must be kept in a separate container.\nAll diggers age 15 or older must have an applicable 2013-14 fishing license to harvest razor clams on any beach. Licenses, ranging from a three-day razor clam license to an annual combination fishing license, are available on WDFW\u2019s website at https://fishhunt.dfw.wa.gov and from license vendors around the state.", "Newsroom | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\nFor updates on scheduled openings, see the WDFW Razor Clam webpage at http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/shellfish/razorclams/current.html."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www1.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/11-2-09a.cfm?renderforprint=1

Home | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

["Home | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\nAdministaff and Cable TV Provider Conn-X Sued by EEOC for Religious Bias\nEEOC Says Staffing and Cable Companies Subjected Jewish Employees to Hostile Work Environment, Including Swastikas, Physical Harassment\nBALTIMORE \u2013 The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) today announced a lawsuit against staffing giant Administaff, Inc. and Conn-X, LLC, which provides cable service in the Baltimore metropolitan area, for engaging in religious discrimination against employees.", "Home | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\nIn its suit, the EEOC charges that joint employers Conn-X, LLC, a Florida corporation with an office in Edgewood, Md., and Administaff, Inc., a Texas corporation, subjected Scott Jacobson and Joey Jacobson to physical and verbal harassment because of their religion, Judaism. The EEOC asserts that beginning in September 2005 and continuing throughout their employment, both Jacobsons, who are brothers, were called \u201cdirty Jew,\u201d \u201cdumb Jew,\u201d and other anti-Semitic slurs by managers and coworkers.", "Home | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\nThe harassment continued for a couple of years, the EEOC said, and included the defacing of Scott Jacobson\u2019s work vehicle with a swastika symbol and physical harassment in which he was forced into a trash bin for the amusement of managers who observed them on a work surveillance camera and called it \u201cthrow the Jew in the dumpster.\u201d Administaff severed its co-employment status with Conn-X shortly after Scott Jacobson filed his discrimination charge with the EEOC.", "Home | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\nReligious harassment violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The EEOC filed suit in U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, Northern Division (Case No. 1:09-cv-02881-BEL) after first attempting to reach a pre-litigation settlement.", "Home | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\n\u201cThe harassment here was cruel and callous,\u201d said EEOC Acting Chairman Stuart J. Ishimaru. \u201cThe use of the swastika is an especially egregious and provocative act, and the anti-Semitic epithets and physical violence alleged here are also outrageous. The EEOC will act, and act forcefully, to rectify this kind of workplace abuse.\u201d", "Home | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\nThe EEOC seeks monetary and injunctive relief for both Jacobsons and enjoins the officers and employees of both companies from engaging in further employment discrimination on the basis of religion. Further, the suit seeks to require the employers to establish policies and practices that provide equal employment opportunities for Jewish employees.", "Home | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\n\u201cEmployers must take steps to prevent religious harassment of their employees,\u201d said EEOC Acting Regional Attorney Debra Lawrence. \u201cWe brought this lawsuit to remind employers of their legal responsibility to prevent and promptly correct this type of conduct.\u201d\nReligious discrimination charge filings with the EEOC nationwide totaled 3,273 in Fiscal Year 2008, up 11.4 percent from the prior year and the highest level in the past decade.", "Home | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\nAccording to its web site, (www.administaff.com) \u201cAdministaff, Inc. is the nation's leading professional employer organization (PEO), serving as a full-service human resources department for small and medium-sized businesses throughout the United States. Administaff delivers its personnel management services by entering into a co-employment relationship with a client company and the client company\u2019s existing employees, including the business owner", "Home | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\nThe EEOC enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. Further information about the Commission is available at its web site (www.eeoc.gov)."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/4621009

The p38 MAPK Family, a Pushmi-pullyu of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation

["The p38 MAPK Family, a Pushmi-pullyu of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation\nThe p38 MAPK Family, a Pushmi-pullyu of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation\nTitle: The p38 MAPK Family, a Pushmi-pullyu of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation\nLassar, Andrew B.\nLassar, Andrew B. 2009. The p38 MAPK family, a pushmi-pullyu of skeletal muscle differentiation. The Journal of Cell Biology 187(7): 941-943.\n2806286.pdf (1.290Mb; PDF) Abstract:", "The p38 MAPK Family, a Pushmi-pullyu of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation\nIn this issue, Gillespie et al. (Gillespie et al. 2009. J. Cell Biol. doi:10.1083/jcb.200907037) demonstrate that the mitogen-activated protein kinase isoform p38-\u03b3 plays a crucial role in blocking the premature differentiation of satellite cells, a skeletal muscle stem cell population", "The p38 MAPK Family, a Pushmi-pullyu of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation\np38-\u03b3 puts the brakes on skeletal muscle differentiation by promoting the association of the transcription factor MyoD with the histone methyltransferase, KMT1A, which act together in a complex to repress the premature expression of the gene encoding the myogenic transcription factor Myogenin."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/usbudget/blueprint/budviii.html

A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform

["A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nIn recent years, the Nation has turned to Washington in the Fall, wondering if the Government will shut down because Republicans and Democrats cannot agree on a budget. And following each year's chaos and brinkmanship there are cries for budget process reform to prevent repetition of the spectacle. Important changes can be made, but the heart of the problem lies not in the integrity of the budget process, but in the deterioration of Congress' adherence to existing rules.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThis past year was typical. As Congress failed to meet its deadlines and legislation piled up at the end of the fiscal year, Washington made hasty decisions simply to keep the Government running under the imminent threat of a Government shutdown. Congress enacted 21 temporary funding laws to keep the Government open while President Clinton and Congress negotiated an agreement on a huge omnibus spending bill", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThat omnibus measure comprised nine separate bills, totaling 2,080 pages, and was finally signed into law on December 21st, nearly three months after the beginning of the fiscal year.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe end product exceeded Congress' budget by $36 billion and the President's Budget by $13 billion for 2001 alone. It contained over 6,000 earmarks, or unrequested projects, for a total cost of over $15 billion.\nTo provide for a more orderly and responsible budget process and to wrest waste out of the Federal budget, the President proposes immediate and structural reform measures.\nImmediate Action:", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nRestore an atmosphere of order and respect for the legally established process. In addition to the reforms outlined here, the ultimate reform the President calls for is responsibility in the conduct of the people's business;", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nAbide by the budget. Once Congress agrees to a budget, it should abide by the limits established therein. Ultimately, the President proposes that the resolution be a law, requiring his approval. Until that time, the President wants to work with the Congress to adopt and abide by a budget that contains total spending within a reasonable limit determined in advance; Establish a National Emergency Reserve fund to budget for true emergencies;\nEliminate advance appropriations except where clearly justified;", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nComplete action on appropriations bills in an orderly and timely fashion to avoid Government shutdowns; and\nCurtail congressional earmarking, especially for special interest spending.\nStructural Reforms:\nEnforce and extend limits on spending and the \"pay-as-you-go\" (PAYGO) requirement.\nConvert the annual budget and appropriations process to a biennial cycle.\nMake the current non-binding budget resolution a binding law.\nRestore the President's line-item veto authority.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nIn addition to the these initiatives, the President would support legislation to create a bipartisan commission to eliminate pork barrel spending and legislation to create a sunset review board to review agencies and programs periodically. Spending Limits and Pay-As-You-Go", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nIn 1990, Congress enacted the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) with specific dollar limits on discretionary spending\u2014amounts provided in annual appropriations acts\u2014and a PAYGO requirement for all other legislation. The PAYGO requirement prohibits decreases in a surplus resulting from enactment of new laws that change mandatory spending\u2014spending not controlled by appropriations acts\u2014or receipts", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nUnder this provision, legislation to create or expand an entitlement program (such as unemployment benefits) or to reduce taxes would have to be offset by other legislation to reduce mandatory spending or increase receipts. From 1990 until 1998, these budget enforcement mechanisms provided an effective means to restrain the growth in Federal spending.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nWith the arrival of budget surpluses in 1998, however, President Clinton and Congress began to skirt these budget enforcement mechanisms. In 2001 alone, Federal spending is projected to exceed the spending limit by $95 billion. Congress and the previous Administration also waived the PAYGO requirement for $17 billion in spending. The failure to stick to these limits has caused the surplus to be reduced by roughly $2 trillion for 1998\u20132011", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nIf spending continues at the same rate as in recent years, the surplus will be reduced by another $1.4 trillion over the next 10 years. (See Chart VIII\u20131.) The past three years demonstrate that the greatest threat to the surplus and debt reduction is unrestrained growth in spending. To ensure that the Federal Government continues to pay down the debt, the President proposes limits that would allow discretionary spending to grow with inflation over the next five years", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nBudget limits and restraints have and can continue to limit the growth in Government, protect surpluses when needed, and achieve debt reduction.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nAt this stage, the Administration believes that capping the growth of discretionary spending provides more than adequate resources for the Government. Even so, the Administration recognizes that these caps may need to be modified in the future. In fact, the President's Budget sets aside a reserve for additional needs and contingencies that could provide, if justified, additional resources for discretionary spending.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe President also proposes to extend the PAYGO requirement for entitlement spending and tax legislation. The President's Budget sets aside the Social Security surplus and additional on-budget surpluses for debt reduction and contingencies. These levels ensure the President's tax plan and his Medicare Helping Hand and modernization reforms are fully financed by the surplus. Any other spending or tax legislation would need to be offset by reductions in spending or increases in receipts.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nBudgeting for Emergencies\u2014The National Emergency Reserve\nEmergency supplemental bills provided $28.6 billion more than was originally provided in the annual appropriations processes for 1997 through 2000. By definition, emergency appropriations are intended to cover unforeseen events or large domestic disasters. However, emergencies have become a recurring part of the budget process, and they have become magnets for special interest, non-emergency spending.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nWhen Congress and the previous Administration could not find the resources to pay for the 2000 census, they designated a portion of the funding for the census as an \"emergency.\" Other examples of items that clearly were not emergencies include: a Great Lakes icebreaker, a Treasury law enforcement training facility in West Virginia, the purchase of the Douglas Tract on the Potomac River, and funding for the 2nd Avenue subway in New York City", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nFederal Emergency Management Agency's disaster relief fund; Department of Agriculture's fire fighting program; Department of the Interior's fire fighting program; and\nSmall Business Administration's disaster loan program.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThis budget proposes a strategy that will ensure adequate funding in the regular budget and appropriations process for the programs listed above, and will limit supplemental appropriations to extremely rare events by setting aside a reserve for emergency needs. The reserve will supplement the four programs when extreme conditions arise, and also supplement other Federal programs to the extent that domestic disasters occur where such programs must respond", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe budget includes adequate funding for a normal year for the four programs listed above, which covers base operations and routine disaster requirements (the request for new appropriations will take into consideration the availability of resources provided in previous years).", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nIn addition, the National Emergency Reserve is intended to cover such large, extraordinarily events as Hurricane Andrew, the Midwest floods, and the Northridge earthquake. The amount of the reserve ($5.6 billion) will be based on the historical annual average of these large disasters. The release of resources from the reserve will need to be approved by both the President and Congress.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nPrograms will be supplemented from the reserve fund only if the following conditions are met: first, the amount appropriated for the year in which the event occurs are equal or exceed the amount requested in the President's budget; second, the cost of the event exceeds the regular resources available to the program.\nFunding for emergencies should be limited to expenditures that are sudden, urgent, unforeseen, and not permanent.\nReversing Abusive Use of Advance Appropriations", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nAn advance appropriation becomes available one year or more beyond the year for which the appropriations act is passed. From 1993 to 1999, an average of $2.3 billion in discretionary budget authority was advance appropriated each year. In 1999, advance appropriation funding totaled $8.9 billion, an increase of $5.8 billion from the previous year. Most of this increase was due to $4.8 billion in additional advance appropriations for the Education for the Disadvantaged account in the Department of Education.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nWhile advance appropriations can be a legitimate funding practice to reflect and guarantee the full cost of construction or procurement for large capital programs, too often in recent years advance appropriations have been used to hide true spending levels by crediting them to other years. This budget practice distorts the debate over Government spending and misleads the public about spending levels in specific accounts.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nIn 2000, advance appropriations increased by $14.6 billion to over $23.4 billion. Increases in advance appropriations from the previous year included the following: the Department of Education ($6.2 billion); the Department of Housing and Urban Development ($4.2 billion); the Department of Labor ($2.5 billion); and the Department of Health and Human Services ($1.4 billion).", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe 2001 Congressional Budget Resolution attempted to address this misuse of advance funding by including a cap on advance appropriations equal to the amount advanced in the previous year. In order to expand discretionary spending in 2001, certain advance appropriations were reduced and other advances were increased. This did not change the total amount that was forward funded, but did allow for growth in 2001", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe Administration proposes to reverse the misleading budget practice of using advance appropriations simply to avoid spending limitations. This proposal would not affect advance appropriations enacted for programmatic reasons, such as those funding multi-year construction programs.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nOnly twice in the last 50 years has the Congress enacted all 13 appropriation bills by the beginning of the fiscal year. According to the Congressional Budget Office, roughly one-third of domestic discretionary programs are operating under authorization statutes that have expired. Because Congress must enact 13 appropriations bills each year, it cannot devote the time necessary to provide oversight and resolve problems in other programs", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe preoccupation with these annual appropriations bills frequently precludes review and action on the growing portion of the budget that is permanently funded under entitlement laws.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nIn contrast, a biennial budget would allow lawmakers to devote more time every other year to ensuring that taxpayers' money is spent wisely and efficiently. In addition, Government agencies would receive more stable funding, which would facilitate longer range planning and improved fiscal management.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nUnder the President's proposal for a biennial budget, funding decisions would be made in non-election years to help de-politicize the process. Moreover, lawmakers could devote more time to finishing the appropriation bills on time because the next year would be free for other legislative business.\nJoint Budget Resolution", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe budget process should allow the President and Congress to determine the overall fiscal course for the Federal Government. But under current law, neither the President's Budget nor the congressional budget has the force of law. As a result, the existing process discourages cooperation and encourages posturing.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe Congress currently develops the broad outlines of the budget through the adoption of a concurrent resolution that does not require the President's approval. The President is precluded from this first step of the process that implicitly ignores his power to sign and veto laws. There is little incentive for the President and Congress to reach early agreement on the broad outlines of a budget package, thus increasing the chance of a \"train wreck\" at the end of the process.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nIn contrast, a joint budget resolution would recognize that these two branches of Government must cooperate. A joint resolution requires the President's signature and has the force of law. This joint budget resolution would set the overall level of appropriations, mandatory spending, taxes, and debt reduction in a simple document. It would bring the President into the process at an early stage and, together with biennial budgeting, would help restore order to the budget process.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nIn the past, Congress and the President have at times used ad hoc negotiations at the beginning of the budget process to ensure there is agreement on broad fiscal issues before Congress begins moving individual appropriations, entitlement, and tax bills. A joint budget resolution would formalize this process at the beginning of the year.\nGovernment Shutdown Prevention", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nFor 19 out of the past 20 years, Congress and the President have not finished their work by the October 1st deadline, the beginning of the new fiscal year. This past year, only two of the 13 appropriations bills were enacted by the beginning of the year", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nWhen Congress and the President fail to gain enactment of all 13 appropriations bills, the Congress frequently funds the Government through \"continuing resolutions\" (CRs), which provide temporary funding authority for Government activities at current levels until the final appropriations bills are signed into law. This past year, for example, Congress had to enact 21 separate CRs to keep the Government operating.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nCongress must pass a CR and it must be signed by the President to provide funding for agencies. Absent enactment of a CR, the Federal Government is shut down. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Government has experienced shutdowns. Some have argued that the Clinton Administration regularly used the threat of a Government shutdown to extract spending increases from the Congress. These annual, often cynical rituals were destructive of public confidence and reflected poorly on all parties to the debate.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nImportant Government functions should not be held hostage simply because Washington cannot cut through partisan strife to pass temporary funding bills. In the responsible process the President envisions, appropriations bills would pass on time as the law requires, but a back-up plan to avoid the threat of a Government shutdown is a good idea", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nUnder the President's proposal, if an appropriations bill is not signed by October 1 of the new fiscal year, funding would be automatically provided at the lower of the President's Budget or the prior year's level. The President's proposal would remove incentives for the President or the congressional leadership to use the leverage of \"shutting down Government\" to achieve spending objectives or to attach extraneous measures they could not otherwise obtain through the normal appropriations process.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nLine-Item Veto\nA perennial criticism of the Federal Government is that the annual budget contains too many special interest or \"pork-barrel\" spending items. The persistence of these special interest items erodes citizen confidence in Government. With the arrival of huge budget surpluses, there has been an explosion in spending and special interest spending.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nBecause appropriations bills must be enacted annually to fund the Government, they attract spending items that could not be enacted on their own. Particularly at the end of the congressional session, it is not uncommon for bills to move through the appropriations process quickly, often with little scrutiny. It is the rare Member who will challenge questionable spending for fear that provisions important to him or her will be challenged in return.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe result of this logrolling is that the President is left with an all or nothing proposition. He must either sign the entire appropriations bill with special interest projects or veto the entire bill and invite a potential Government shutdown.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe President proposes that the Congress correct a constitutional flaw in the Line Item Veto Act enacted in 1996. From the Nation's founding, Presidents have exercised the authority to decline to spend appropriated sums. However, this authority was curtailed in 1974, when Congress passed the Impoundment Control Act, which restricted the President's authority to decline to spend appropriated sums.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe Line Item Veto Act of 1996 attempted to give the President the authority to cancel spending authority and special interest tax breaks. The U.S. Supreme Court found that law unconstitutional.", "A Blueprint For New Beginnings -- VIII. Budget Process Reform\nThe President proposes a line-item veto linked to retiring the national debt. This proposal would give the President the authority to decline to spend new appropriations, to decline to approve new mandatory spending, or to decline to grant new limited tax benefits (to 100 or fewer beneficiaries) whenever the President determines the spending or tax benefits are not essential Government functions and will not harm the national interest"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Naboth

Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia

["Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nValentin Naboth\nValentin Naboth (also spelled Valentine Naibod or Nabod) (13 February 1523[notes 1] \u2013 3 March 1593), known by the latinized name Valentinus Naiboda, was a German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer.\nSymbolum\nValentini Naibodae\nSceptrum Jovis Fulmineum\nCum Inscriptione:\nNEC PROCUL A JOVE[2]\n1 Life and academic career\n3 Final years\nLife and academic career[edit]", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nValentin Naboth was born in Calau (Niederlausitz)[notes 2] to an originally Jewish family. He was the younger brother of the Lutheran theologian and author Alexius Naboth.[5][6] In 1544, Valentin immatriculated[3] at the University of Wittenberg, at the time Philipp Melanchthon, Erasmus Reinhold, Johannes Bugenhagen, Paul Eber, and Georg Major taught there. In 1550 he transferred to the University of Erfurt.[4]", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nValentin Naboth was Baccalaurean when he came from Wittenberg to Erfurt, and had certainly an outstanding mathematical ability. The Faculty council took on the risk to turn the courses in Mathematics over to this gifted but troubled Renaissance spirit even though he had not yet a Magister degree. That decision was made at the meeting of 16 August 1551, and from then on Naboth taught Mathematics and Sphaera materialis. He also taught in the summer semester and winter semester of 1552", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nThere was a plague epidemic, and the courses were shortened; Liborius Mangold taught only rhetoric and Naboth Sphaera. The conscientious Liborius Mangold from Warburg, who was Dean, did not seem to get along with the much favored mathematician Naboth, and when the latter even borrowed money from the University for the Magister's examination, Liborius wrote to the Dean's book, \"quod prius nunquam nec visum nec auditum fuit\". Valentin Naboth passed the examination", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nBut right after he had his Magister\u2019s degree, he wrote on February 6 a letter to the Faculty about which the Dean remarked that a letter in such a tone had never been seen or heard of before. Maybe it was one of the reasons why Liborius Mangold gave up after twelve years as rector of St. Georgsburse and a professor of physics and rhetoric, and accepted an administrative position in his native town of Warburg. But not only he left. Without saying a word Valentin Naboth went as well", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nThe faculty waited in vain for him for the summer semester 1553, he didn\u2019t come. The Faculty was still hoping for Naboth\u2019s return and waited some more before replacing him. But Naboth had gone to the University of Cologne and matriculated there with the intention to teach mathematics at this major University \u2013 which he succeeded to do", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nNaboth remained in Cologne for a decade, but then this restless spirit couldn\u2019t stay any longer, he moved on to the center of the mathematical studies of that time, at the University of Padua, and taught and wrote there. He had always been an eccentric, and became even more so over there.[7]", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nFrom 1555 mathematician and physician Valentin Naboth taught mathematics at the University of Cologne, first privately, and from 1557 to 1564 as the holder of a \"City\" Professorship of mathematics.[8][9] He succeeded Justus Velsius, who in 1556, on account of teachings deemed heretical by the Church, was obliged to leave Cologne. Dutch mathematician Rudolph Snellius was one of his students in Cologne.[2]", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nIn 1556 he published the first book of Euclid, and then his own mathematical commentary on the Arab astrologer Alchabitius, 1560, in which he opposed magic and superstition. In his mathematical work he followed Regiomontanus; but further on he preferred Ptolemy \u2013 in agreement with Cardanus. He prepared an edition of Ptolemy\u2019s Quadripartitus, but that was never published", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nIn his commentary, he thanked the City that they had him remunerated in the early years, when mathematics was the only discipline not yet integrated into the general University curriculum. If this remark is true \u2013 and that can hardly be questioned \u2013 then the official Professorship of Mathematics had in fact only now been established", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nHowever, in 1563 Laurentianer Petrus Linner requested that Naboth\u2019s lecture be moved to another time, since he himself taught mathematics at his Gymnasium at the very same time. With that he opened up the discussion about competition from the Faculty and College curriculum. Furthermore, he argued that Naboth didn\u2019t have a Magister degree from Cologne, but from somewhere else", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nAnd indeed, the Dean decided that henceforth no one could teach a course in the Schola Artium when simultaneously a lecture took place in one of three Gymnasiums. The basic problem with the Arts studies in Cologne could not have been made any clearer than that. Right away, Naboth took the consequences: he left Cologne and later taught in Padua.", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nIn March 1564 Naboth resigned from his position at the University of Cologne.[10] He visited Paris, where he met Czech humanist \u0160imon Proxenus ze Sudetu (1532\u20131575),[11] who introduced him to Petrus Ramus.[12] Afterwards Naboth traveled to Italy, eventually settling in Padua, where he taught astronomy. Among his students there was a nephew of Prince Stephen B\u00e1thory of Transylvania.", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nNaboth was the author of a general textbook on astrology Enarratio elementorum astrologiae. Renowned for calculating the mean annual motion of the Sun, his writings are chiefly devoted to commenting upon Ptolemy and the Arabian astrologers.[9] Naboth teaches the calculation of the movement of the planets according to the Prutenic Tables of Erasmus Reinhold", "Valentin Naboth - Wikipedia\nHe advocated a measure of time, by which 0\u00b0 59' 8\u2153\" (the mean daily motion of the Sun in longitude) is equated to 1 year of life in calculating primary directions. This was a refinement of Ptolemy\u2019s value of exactly 1 degree per year. This book was banned by the Roman Catholic Church.[13][notes 3]"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/libspecial/collections/manuscripts/hansell.html

Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives

["Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nAccess & Directions\nTours & Class Visits\nCollections & Finding Aids\nLong Island & Genealogy\nResearch & Services\nScanning & Copying Services\nLibrary Subject Guides\nNew & Notable Collections\nLong Island & Genealogy Collections\nClarence Weston Hansell Collection\nType of Material: Correspondence, scientific manuscripts, and publications.\nPersonal Name: Clarence Weston Hansell\nCollection ID: Collection 209\nCreator: Clarence Weston Hansell\nExtent: 11.2 cubic ft.\nSpan Dates: 1928-1967\nPapers, 1928-1967.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nProfessional and personal correspondence, scientific manuscripts, and publications relating to Mr. Hansell's radio and television research (ca. 1928-1948) for the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), his service (1945) for the United States Government as a scientific investigator in Germany, and his research and publications on the ionization of air and its biological effects, and on the nature of matter and energy. Correspondents include the American Institute of Medical Climatology and W", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nDonated by Mrs. Clarence W. Hansell in 1970.\nClarence Weston Hansell was born on January 20, 1898 at Medaryville, Indiana. As an Indiana farm boy he attended the one room elementary school of White Post Township, Pulaski County, and the Medaryville high school, from which he graduated in 1915. He attended Purdue University, receiving the Bachelor's of Science degree in Electrical Engineering in 1919 and an honorary Doctorate of Electrical Engineering in 1952.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nFrom the age of thirteen he served during summer vacations as a farm hand on various Indiana farms. In 1917 he spent the summer as a lathe operator for Ross Gear and Tool Company in Lafayette, Indiana. In the summer of 1918 he took an operations training course with the Commonwealth Edison Company in Chicago. In the fall of the same year he was enrolled in the Student Army Training Corps of the U.S. Army, stationed at Purdue University, until after the end of the first World War.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nAfter graduation, from June 1919 to May 1920, he was employed in the test training course of the General Electric Company at Schenectady, N.Y., during a portion of which time he was in charge of factory tests of Alexanderson high frequency generators. Urged by the U.S. Navy, the General Electric Company organized and incorporated the Radio Corporation of America for the U.S. application of Alexanderson's generators.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nFrom May to September 1920 he was in the Radio Engineering Department of General Electric Company, engaged in testing and placing in service trans-oceanic radio transmitting stations for the Radio Corporation of America. Some of this work was done at the former Marconi Station, located on the Raritan River between New Brunswick and Bound Brook, New Jersey.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nFrom September 1920 until 1929 he was employed by the Radio Corporation of America, during which time he was engaged in developing and placing in service the transmitting facilities with which RCA established its world-wide public service radio communications business. His activity was taken over by RCA Communications, Inc. in 1929 and then by RCA Laboratories in 1942.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nIn 1925 Hansell founded the RCA Radio Transmission Laboratory at Rocky Point, Long Island, N.Y. This laboratory developed the world's largest radio transmitting station, which was located adjacent to its facilities.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nThe Rocky Point Laboratory had an active part in RCA developments of radio and television broadcasting and radio relaying systems, which have grown to services of great magnitude. During the second World War the laboratory was engaged in development of radio communications equipment, radio navigational equipment, and radar and low drag antenna systems for high speed military aircraft.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nIn 1932 Hansell became interested in ionized air and its biological effects after having observed powerful effects produced by strongly ionized air upon one of his associates in the Rocky Point Laboratory. In 1945, while serving as a scientific investigator with the Technical Industrial Intelligence Committee in Germany for the U.S. Government, he obtained and reported information concerning air ionization investigations there. This led to an association with Mr. W. Wesley Hicks of San Francisco", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nPresident of Wesix Electric Heater Company, Mr. Hicks soon became one of the most active promoters and the most effective supporter of air ionization research in the United States. This association continued until the death of Mr. Hicks on December 8, 1960. Many others were brought into the field and have made important contributions. The present result is that the utilization of artificially ionized air seems to be ready to assume great importance in air conditioning and in therapeutics.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nA nonprofit membership organization called The American Institute of Medical Climatology has been organized in Philadelphia. One of its purposes is to promote air ionization medical research and to spread knowledge of its results. Hansell was General Chairman for an International Conference on Ionization of the Air sponsored by the Institute in 1961, at the Franklin Institute, in Philadelphia.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nHansell was a Fellow of RCA Laboratories, The American Institute of Electrical Engineers and The Institute of Radio Engineers. He was a member of the Franklin Institute, Electrochemical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Sigma Xi, and American Institute of Medical Climatology. He was the author and co-author of technical papers and was issued more than 300 United States patents and many more in other countries.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nBefore moving to Princeton, New Jersey, in 1958, he was President of the Board of Education of Union Free School District No. 6, Port Jefferson, Long Island, N.Y. He also was President of the Port Jefferson area Planning Commission and was a member of the Port Jefferson Rotary Club. Mr. Hansell retired from RCA in 1963 and moved to Florida. Until his death in 1967 he spent a great deal of time in Port Jefferson, N.Y., with his married daughter and her family", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\n(This biographical sketch is based on materials prepared by Mr. Hansell.)\nStony Brook University Libraries' consent as the physical owner of the collection does not address copyright issues that may affect publication rights. It is the sole responsibility of the user of Special Collections and University Archives materials to investigate the copyright status of any given work and to seek and obtain permission where needed prior to publication.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nThe Clarence W. Hansell Collection is arranged chronologically by subject.\nGeneral: Boxes 1, 13, 28\nRadio and Television: Boxes 1-8\nGermany, 1945-1947: Boxes 5-8\nIonization: Boxes 10-28\nGeneral. Publications, notes, drafts, bibliographies, etc. 1941-1961: Boxes 10-15\nIonization. Correspondence, notes, drafts, papers. 1933-1967: Boxes 16-22\nPublications. Magazine articles, offprints, periodicals, etc. 1926-1968: Boxes 22-28\nBiographical and personal\nPhotograph of Mr. Hansell\nCabin Cruiser Plover (1933-1934)", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nNewspaper clippings, primarily about Port Jefferson and the School District.\nPurdue University alumni circulars and correspondence\nAmerican Institute of Medical Climatology. Miscellaneous.\nUnidentified, bark-like material\nCourt briefs\nMiller, John M., Plaintiff, v. National Broadcasting Company, Inc. and RCA Communications Inc. on Miller Patent no. 1,756,000. U.S. District Court, District of Delaware. Brief for Defendants.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nMiller, John M., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. same parties in above. U.S. Circuit Court of Appeal for the Third Circuit, October Term, 1934. Brief for Defendants-Appellees.\nPrivate Note Books\n1924, January 8-1928, May 3. Belfast, Maine-Rocky Point, New York \"Wave Antenna for Transmission, Belfast Station, Field Log, E.L.J.-219.\" 93 p.\n1925, April 11-1930, September 12. Rocky Point, New York Engineering Department, RCA. unnumbered leaves.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\n1930, September 26-1933, July 22. Rocky Point, New York, RCA Communications, Inc. 329 p.\n1933, July 27-1935, November 19. Rocky Point, New York, RCA Communications, Inc. unnumbered leaves\n1935, November 22-1937, January 27. Rocky Point, New York, Transmitter Research and Development Laboratory, RCA Communications, Inc. 333 p. Some notes laid in.\n1937, February 8-1939, January 21. Rocky Point, New York, RCA Communications, Inc., Transmitter Research and Development Laboratory. 121 p.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nReport on Trip to England. October, 1937.\nHansell Docket 8018 - Chemical Process of Separation\nVarious patents. None by Mr. Hansell, but all are about radio direction finders and airplane detection\nPulse system patents\nU.S. Army. Signal Corps. Contract W-2279-sc-8, File 9-SCRL-42... Report on work done by Rocky Point Laboratory... RCAC SO-42-105 and 124, RCAL SO-21501.... Typescript, with photographic illustrations. 1942. Correspondence attached.\nMiscellaneous, ca. 1939-1943", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nRCA Laboratories Planning Committee, Television and Frequency Modulation Sub-Committee, Group VI-Radio Relay. 1943-1944.\nRCA Laboratories Planning Committee, Television and Frequency Modulation Sub-Committee, Group VI-Radio Relay. 1943-1944 (continued).\nRadio Relay Report for Planning Committee. Includes Typescript draft notes for \"Radio and Cable Television Relay Systems,\" by Mr. Hansell. Also, Radio Technical Planning Board reports, 1944.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\n\"History of Frequency Shift Keying,\" (by Mr. Hansell?) Typescript carbon. 75 p.\nModern pioneers; Antenna history; Suggested research. ca. 1939-1947. Letters, correspondence, reports, etc. Includes: Hansell, C.W., \"Development of Radio Relay Systems.\" Reprinted from RCA Review, 7(Sept. 1946), no. 3, 367-84.\nRadio relay. 1944-1945. Letters, correspondence, papers, etc.\n\"Development of Radio-Relay Systems by the Radio Corporation of America. \" Typescript carbon and galley proofs.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nCorrespondence and notes about the paper, and correspondence with the Institute of Radio Engineers, for whose 1946 Cleveland Section Meeting the paper was originally prepared.\nCorrespondence, notes, memoranda, applications, etc. 1943-1946. Includes 20 p. \"Suggestions\" on \"How to make a success of RCA Laboratories.\" Typescript carbon memorandum.\nCorrespondence, notes, papers concerning preparation and actual stay in Germany.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nCombined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee Evaluation Reports. Also other reports.\nFour small note books used by Mr. Hansell in Germany.\nGuellich, G.E., Optical Industries in Germany. July, 1945. FB-15955. Facsimile of typescript, prepared for Technical Industrial Intelligence Committee (T.I.I.C.)\nHansell, C.W., Miscellaneous Developments in German Science and Industry. PB-1638. Original typescript. Other Correspondence and reports related to investigations made in Germany, 1945-1947.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nPB-1638, photostatic copy, with various correspondence and maps attached. 1945-1947.\nCorrespondence and papers concerning arrangements for the trip to Germany and correspondence on further investigation of material microfilmed in Germany. 1945-1947.\nCorrespondence and notes, ca. October-November, 1945. (In folder marked \"German Science.\")\nCorrespondence and notes, ca. December, 1945.\nU.S. Publication Board. Report. 1945.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nNo: 28, 31, 55, 58, 59, 60, 67, 69, 70, 76, 77, 78, 81, 93, 95, 113, 115, 124, 128, 132, 145, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 164, 166, 185, 197, 199, 202, 205, 215, 232, 234, 243, 272, 273, 295, 301, 303, 305, 308, 309, 310, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 336, 337, 338, 354, 358, 359, 361, 371. (Mr. Hansell was co-author of no. 303)\nCombined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee (C.I.O.S.)\nTelefunken G.M.B.H. Item no. 1, 7 and 9. File no. XXXI-52. London, 1945.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nRestricted cyclotron investigation Heidelberg. Item no. 21 and 24. File no. XXIX-47. 1945.\nInstitutes of the Bevollm\u00e4chtigter f\u00fcr Hochfrequenz-Forschung. Item no. 1 and 7, File no. XXXI-37. (1945)\n(Mr. Hansell contributed to all three C.I.O.S. reports above)\nCorrespondence and notes, 1946-1947\nCorrespondence with Knoll, Max, Dr. and Lamberty, Oscar J.E.; also some C.A.R.E. folders and personal items. ca. 1945-1947.\nCorrespondence, notes, and clippings, ca. 1946.\nCost of radio relay systems. ca. 1946-1948", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nNational Electronics Conference meeting, Chicago, 1946\nMatter and energy. Research notes, papers, correspondence, etc.\nHansell, C.W., A Proposed Model to Explain Creation of Matter and the Interchange of Matter and Energy. Princeton, New Jersey, RCA, 1959. duplicated. PEM-1388 Correspondence, copies of correspondence, carbon typescripts and other materials included.\nUnidentified holograph notes on Matter and Energy.\nNotes, clippings, etc. on Matter and Energy, ca. 1950-1963", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nElectron Dynamics. 1946-1965. Research notes, drafts, articles and photostats and correspondence\nMatter and Energy. Research notes, and holograph drafts. Many notes dated 1964-1965\nMatter and Energy, holograph drafts and notes\n\"Thermodynamics Handbook.\" Holograph notes.\nPEM-1399 (See Box 9, f.,1), with notes, corrections, correspondence, etc. 1959.\nUnidentified draft of manuscript on matter, energy, and electrons, with notes, typescript drafts. ca. 1961-1965.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nUnidentified draft of manuscript on matter, energy, and electrons, with notes, typescript drafts. ca. 1961-1965 (continued).\nManuscript notes on electron affinities of atoms and Bohr's hydrogen atom.\nTypescript manuscript of an alphabetical glossary or dictionary of scientific information. (For Atmospheric Ionization book? For Electron book?)", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nHansell, C.W., Atmospheric Ionization and It's Effect upon Life, An Important Factor in Therapeutics and in Air Conditioning. Corrected typescript for proposed book. 1961.\nAtmospheric Ionization... (see Box 10, f.7), Chapter 3, with notes, correspondence, articles, offprints, extracts, etc.\nAtmospheric Ionization... (see Box 10, f.7), Chapter 4, with notes, etc. ca. 1950-1952.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nHolograph and typed drafts of another book on ionization, with notes and correspondence. This may be the work Mr. Hansell referred to in a draft of a letter (laid in Box 11, f.1) dated after 1963, \"From time to time I have engaged in the writing of a book in which my intention is to present what I have learned and suspected concerning air ionization, over a period of about 35 years.\" Includes the typescript of Mr", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\n\"Hansell's Handbook.\" Reading and research notes, reference information, etc. ca. 1941-196?\nMatter and Energy papers and drafts, as well as notes and correspondence on ionization. ca. 1950-1962\nMatter and Energy papers and drafts, as well as notes and correspondence on ionization. ca. 1950-1962 (continued)\nHansell, C.W., Atmospheric Ionization and its biological effects, summary of research to August 1, 1960. Princeton, New Jersey, RCA Laboratories, August 15, 1960. PEM-1755. 95 p. duplicated.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nHansell, C.W., comp., Bibliography of published references relating to ionization of the air and its biological effects. Princeton, New Jersey, RCA Laboratories, December 15, 1960. duplicated.\nHansell, C.W., Errors and duplications in original of published references relating to ionization of the air and its biological effects. Princeton, New Jersey, RCA Laboratories, 1960 1 p. duplicated.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nHansell, C.W., Supplement to Bibliography of Published References... Princeton, New Jersey, RCA Laboratories, August, 1960. Includes Supplement II, added December 15, 1960. 8 leaves. duplicated.\nHansell, C.W., comp, Ionization of the air and its biological effects; bibliography of published references. Original typescript, with memoranda.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nHansell, C.W., comp, Ionization of the air and its biological effects; bibliography of published references. Princeton, New Jersey, RCA Service Company, Government Service Department, June, 1962.\nHansell, C.W., Ionization of the air and its biological effects. Supplement to bibliography of published references. Princeton, New Jersey, RCA Laboratories (1962) 2 leaves.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nKing, G.W.K., Ionization of the air and electrical field effects in biology; bibliography of published references, 1962-1966. 3d ed. Princeton, New Jersey, Radio Corporation of America, Astro-Electronics Division, November, 1966. duplicated.\nHansell, C.W., Bibliography of published references relating to ionization of the air and its biological effects. Rocky Point, New York, RCA Laboratories, 1955? 7 p. duplicated. Lists 112 references.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nHansell, C.W., Bibliography of references relating to ionization of the air and its biological effects. n.p., 1959? 11 p. duplicated. Lists 159 references.\nHansell, C.W., Ionization of the air and its biological effects. Rocky Point, New York, RCA Laboratories Division, Radio Transmission Section, October 31, 1951. 114 p. Engineering Memorandum 62-42. Typescript carbon.\nCorrespondence and notes about PEM-1755, Atmospheric ionization and its biological effects. 1960. (see Box 10, f.7)", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nHansell, C.W., Air ionizers and ionization instruments offer new business for RCA. August 5, 1960. 14 p. duplicated.\nHansell, C.W., Some notes relating to therapeutic application of ionized air. Princeton, New Jersey, RCA Laboratories, November 15, 1960. 7 p. duplicated.\nHansell, C.W., Selected references relating to therapeutic applications of ionized air. November 15, 1960. 4 p. duplicated.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nPapers prepared by Mr. Hansell for the International Conference on Ionization of the Air, sponsored by the American Institute of Medical Climatology in 1961. (See box 25)\n\"An attempt to define 'Ionization of the air.'\" Unnumbered leaves. duplicated.\n\"Post Conference Comment by the General Chairman, Dr. Clarence W. Hansell.\" 16 p. duplicated.\nMedical Summary. An alphabetical listing of the effect of ionization on various diseases. Holograph.\nVarious holograph manuscript drafts.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\n\"Chapter 1 - A Definition and Description of Air Ionization.\"\n\"The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in biological responses to atmospheric ionization.\"\n\"The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin, Enteromine)\nMiscellaneous research notes.\nDrafts of two articles and miscellaneous notes.\n\"Should the Production, Distribution and Use of Fossil Fuels Be Banned?\" (1966)\n\"Is the Universe Expanding?\"", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nPEM-1755, Atmospheric ionization...(See box 10, f.7.) with collections of supplementary materials, xeroxed articles, etc.\nPEM-1755, Atmospheric ionization...(See box 10, f.7.) with collections of supplementary materials, xeroxed articles, etc. (continued)\n(N.B. Mr. Hansell apparently sent binders with materials as in folders 9 and 10 to friends and associates in ionization research for their comments.)", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nSubject files. These alphabetically arranged files include clippings, articles, working papers, correspondence, and related materials.\nElectrets\nElectrical Precipitation\nElectrofax\nEndocrine Systems\nSubject files. (continued)\nIonization-Morocce Experiment\nIonization Patents\nJTAC Subcommittee on Spurious Radio Emissions\nIonization: 1933-1950, 1951, 1952\nIonization: 1953, 1954\nIonization: 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958\nIonization: 1958, 1959, 1960\nIonization: 1962, 1963-1966, 1966-1967, 1965", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nVedeneev, Vladimir Ivanovich et al, Bond energies ionization potentials and electron affinities. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1966.\nPublications: ca. 1935-1962, 1926?, 1931, 1934\nPublications: 1936, 1944, 1946, 1947-1952 (Includes correspondence), 1949, 1951, 1952, 1953.\nPublications: 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960\nPublications: 1960, 1961, 1962\nPublications: 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966. Includes:\nProceedings of the International Conference on Ionization of the Air. Philadelphia, 1961. 2 v.", "Clarence Weston Hansell Collection | Special Collections and University Archives\nPublications: 1968.\nUndated and unidentified publications\nTwo compilations of articles (mostly photocopy and duplicates)\nRCA and American Telephone and Telegraph: Miscellaneous annual and other reports.\nStony Brook University Libraries, E-2320 Frank Melville, Jr. Memorial Library, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3323\n631.632.7119 (t) | 631.632.1829 (f)\nStony Brook University | University Libraries"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5138-deutsch-aaron-david

DEUTSCH (AARON), DAVID - JewishEncyclopedia.com

["DEUTSCH (AARON), DAVID - JewishEncyclopedia.com\nHungarian rabbi and Talmudic author; born in Raudnitz, Bohemia, about 1812; died at Balassa-Gyarmath, Hungary, April 26, 1878. He received his early education under his grandfather, Joseph Deutsch, who was rabbi in Raudnitz, and then frequented the yeshibot of Prague and Presburg, being one of the favored disciples of Moses Sofer. He lived subsequently in Irsa, where he married, and after the death of his wife moved to Budapest, where he lectured on Talmud to a small society", "DEUTSCH (AARON), DAVID - JewishEncyclopedia.com\nIn the Reform movement, which began with the Hungarian Jewish Congress of 1868, Deutsch was one of the most uncompromising leaders of Orthodoxy; and to his efforts the legal recognition of the autonomy of the Orthodox congregations in Hungary was largely due. He was a great ascetic, and was in sympathy with the \u1e24asidim, although he did not adopt all their tenets", "DEUTSCH (AARON), DAVID - JewishEncyclopedia.com\nAs typical of his views may be quoted the facts that he declared it sinful to pray in a synagogue in which the almemar was not in the center, and that he prohibited the winding up and setting of an alarm-clock on Friday so that it should ring on Saturday.", "DEUTSCH (AARON), DAVID - JewishEncyclopedia.com\nOf his works a collection of responsa, under the title \"Goren Dawid\" (David's Threshing-Floor), was published after his death by his sons (Pacs, 1885).\nPreface to Goren Dawid."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.aussielegal.com.au/articles/960/NSW/Criminal_Law/Police_Searches

No title found

["No title found\nThe New South Wales Crimes Act 1900 gives the police power to search and seize property in certain situations. The Crimes Act is important because the traditional \"common law\" made by judges over the centuries strictly limited the police's powers of search, for example, police were prevented from searching a person at common law until they arrested the person.", "No title found\nThe Crimes Act has extended the powers of the police to stop and search persons and vehicles in situations where they \"reasonably suspect\" the person or vehicle to be engaged in criminal activity.\nThere are other Acts of the New South Wales Parliament, such as the Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 and the Summary Offences Act 1988, which also give the police powers to search people and vehicles, and we will discuss each of these Acts in turn.\nNew South Wales Crimes Act 1900", "No title found\nThe Crimes Act allows a member of the police force to stop, search and detain any person or any vehicles if:\nIn the case of a person, the police officer reasonably suspects the person of having or conveying anything that is stolen or otherwise has been obtained unlawfully or anything which has been used or is intended to be used in the commission of a criminal offence;", "No title found\nIn the case of a vehicle, the police officer reasonably suspects that there is in the vehicle anything which is stolen or otherwise unlawfully obtained, or anything that has been used or is intended to be used in the commission of a criminal offence, in the vehicle.\nThe key phrase is \"reasonable suspicion\".\nSummary Offences Act (NSW) 1988", "No title found\nThe police have the power under this Act to search a person whom they suspect on reasonable grounds has a dangerous implement in his or her custody. Dangerous implements include things such as firearms, knives, or implements adapted for use for causing injury to a person or anything intended to be used to injure or menace a person or to damage property.\nA search under this Act is, however, limited to the following:\nScanning by metal detection device.", "No title found\nQuickly running of hands over the person's outer garments.\nAn examination of any bag or any other personal effects.\nSearch of a school student's locker.\nSearch Under the Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act\nUnder this Act a member of the police force of the rank of sergeant or in charge of a police station or police vessel may at any time, with as many members of the police force as the member thinks necessary:\nEnter into any part of any vessel or aircraft; and\nSearch and inspect the vessel or aircraft.", "No title found\nThis power also extends to stopping and detaining any vessel or aircraft in which the member reasonably suspects that there is a prohibited plant or a prohibited drug which is contravention of the Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act, in the possession or under the control of any person.\nA member of the Police Force may also stop, search and detain the following:", "No title found\nAny person in whose possession or under whose control the member of the police reasonably suspects there is any prohibited plant or prohibited drug; or\nAny vehicle in which the member of the police reasonably suspects there is any prohibited plant or prohibited drug, which is in the possession or under the control of any person.\nThe following is a list of the situations where you could most expect to come into contact with the police for the purposes of questioning or the police conducting a search.", "No title found\nThe list is set out in the form of questions, containing the conditions which are required to be satisfied for police officers to conduct certain searches. Where the questions posed in the checklist can be answered \"yes\", then it is likely that the police do have the power to conduct the particular search as described.", "No title found\nDoes a Police Officer reasonably suspect you of having or conveying anything that is stolen or has otherwise been obtained unlawfully or anything which has been used or is intended to be used in the commission of a criminal offence?\nIn the case of a motor vehicle, does a Police Officer reasonably suspect that there is anything in the vehicle which is stolen or otherwise unlawfully obtained, or anything that has been used or is intended to be used in the commission of an indictable offence?", "No title found\nDoes a Police Officer reasonably suspect a person of having any prohibited plant or prohibited drug?\nDoes a Police Officer reasonably suspect a motor vehicle to contain a prohibited plant or prohibited drug?\nDoes a Police Officer suspect on reasonable grounds that a person has a dangerous implement in his or her custody?\nDoes the Police Officer limit the search in this case to the following?:\nScanning by a metal detection device.\nRunning hands quickly over the person's outer garments.", "No title found\nAn examination of any bag or other personal effects.\nThe search of a school student's locker.\nDoes the Police Officer limit a request to a person to remove any item of clothing being worn such as hat, gloves, or jacket?\nDoes a Police Officer, in the case of the search of a student at a school, allow the student to nominate an adult who is on the school premises to be present during the search?\nIn the case of certain motor vehicles, does a senior officer suspect on reasonable grounds that:", "No title found\nA vehicle of the same class as the vehicle is being or may have been used in the commission of an indictable offence? or\nThere are circumstances in or within the vicinity of that road, area or place that are likely to give rise to a serious risk to public safety.\nSPECIFIC SEARCHES\nStrip Searches", "No title found\nThe New South Wales Police are authorised to conduct strip searches, but the police generally attempt to limit the circumstances in which they occur. The New South Wales Police Commissioner's Instructions state that strip searching on arrest, should only occur after reasonable grounds established that there is a need for such a search.\nThe Commissioner's own Instructions indicate that:", "No title found\nPolice are not to strip search a prisoner unless the seriousness and urgency of the circumstances require and justify a more intrusive search of the body;\nPolice are not to strip search a prisoner unless the prisoner knows in substance the reason why the strip search is being undertaken;\nPolice are not to search body cavities; and\nPolice should only conduct a strip search at the time of arrest after reasonable grounds establish that there is a need for the urgency of the search.\nBody Cavity Searches", "No title found\nNew South Wales Police do not have the power to conduct a body cavity search against the will of the person in custody.\nThe Customs Act 1901(CTH) allows for a customs officer to detain and search a person where the officer suspects on reasonable grounds that a person is unlawfully carrying any prohibited goods.\n\"Prohibited Good\" mean:\nGoods whose importation or exportation is prohibited by the Customs Act or any other Commonwealth Law; or", "No title found\nGoods whose importation or exportation is subject to restrictions or conditions under the Customs Act or any other Commonwealth Law; or\nGoods subject to the control of customs.\nThe Act also authorises frisk search to be carried out, but that must be carried out by an officer of customs whose is of the same sex as the person being detained.", "No title found\nA frisk search involves a quick search of the person by rapid and methodical running of hands over the person's outer garments and an examination of anything worn by the person that can be conveniently removed and is voluntarily removed by the person.\nNew South Wales and Commonwealth Police have the power to conduct body cavity searches under the Customs Act, when they are assisting in the investigation of drug importation at a custom's barrier.", "No title found\nIf a detention officer or police officer suspects on reasonable grounds that a detained person is internally concealing a suspicious substance then the person can be internally searched if they provide written consent. If written consent is not provided then customs officials or the police can apply to a court for an order for an internal search of the person being detained.\nSearching and seizing firearms and other items without a warrant:", "No title found\nThe Police do not require a search warrant to detain and search a person and search any vehicle, vessel, aircraft, package or receptacle, if the police officer suspects on reasonable grounds that a dangerous article is or has been used in the commission of an offence.\nPowers of entry in cases of domestic violence:\nEntry by invitation.", "No title found\nA police officer is only able to remain in a dwelling house for the purpose of investigating an alleged domestic violence offence if allowed to remain by the occupier of the premises. The police officer is able to enter on the invitation of a person who apparently resides at the house, but is not entitled to remain if the occupier refuses to allow the officer to remain.\nEntry by radio/telephone Warrant where entry is denied.", "No title found\nIf a police officer suspects or believes a domestic violence offence has recently been or is being committed, or is likely to be committed in a house and it is necessary to enter the house to investigate whether or not an offence has occurred or take preventative action, a magistrate is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for the police officer's belief may authorise a warrant to allow the police officer to enter the house and conduct the investigation.", "No title found\nUnder the Search Warrants Act 1985 a police officer may apply to authorised Justice for a search warrant if the police officer has reasonable grounds for believing that there is or, within 72 hours will be in or on any premises:\nA thing connected with a particular indictable offence,\nA thing connected with a particular firearms offence,\nA thing connected with a prohibited weapons offence,\nA thing connected with a particular narcotics offence, or\nA thing stolen or otherwise unlawfully obtained.", "No title found\n\"Narcotics Offence\" means an offence in respect of a restricted substance or a drug of addiction under the Poisons Act 1966, or an offence under the Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985.\nA warrant issued by a court authorises a police officer to:\nEnter premises, and\nSearch the premises for things referred to in respect of each of the types of offences listed above.\nOccupiers Notice", "No title found\nWhen police conduct a search pursuant to a search warrant which has been issued the police must upon entry into or onto the premises or soon as practical after entry serve the Occupiers Notice on the person who appears to be the occupier of the premises and to be over the age of 18 years. The Occupiers Notice must contain the following:\nName of the person who applied for the warrant;\nName of the authorised justice who issued the warrant;\nThe date and time when the warrant was issued;", "No title found\nThe address or other description of the premises, subject of the warrant; and\nA summary of nature of the warrant and the powers conferred by the warrant.\nWhen executing a search warrant the police must announce their authorisation by search warrant to enter the premises and give the person on the premises an opportunity to allow the police to enter.", "No title found\nThe police executing a warrant may use such force as is necessary to attain entry to the premises. Once inside premises, police executing a warrant may if it is reasonably necessary to do so, break open any receptacle in or on the premises for the purposes of the search.\nWHAT TO DO IF THERE HAS BEEN A VIOLATION OF YOUR RIGHTS\nIf you have been mistreated or have a complaint to make against the police service.", "No title found\nIf, as a result of contact with the police, either before or after arrest, you feel as if the police have acted outside their powers, or your rights have been breached, then you take the following action:", "No title found\nMake a complaint against the police involved to the local area command to which the police are attached. The police will conduct an internal investigation to determine how much substance there is in the complaint and if it cannot be resolved satisfactorily, it may be referred to the New South Wales Ombudsman.", "No title found\nMake a complaint directly to the New South Wales Ombudsman. The Ombudsman has the power to investigate complaints against police. The Ombudsman, after acknowledging receipt of a complaint, will keep you informed as to any investigatory process which occurs.\nThis action can be taken against police officers if they have acted outside their powers.", "No title found\nIf the police are involved in an illegality or impropriety in the course of obtaining evidence, which is subsequently used against you in a court case, the court, in the exercise of its discretion, can exclude that evidence from being used against you. The extent to which the discretion is exercised generally relates to the severity of the illegality or impropriety on the part of the police.", "No title found\nThis information is provided by the firm of Ryan & Bosscher Lawyers who specialize in this area of law. They are located at Level 1, 255 Castlereagh Street Sydney 2000, or call them on (02) 9266 0708.", "No title found\nRyan and Bosscher, Lawyers, is a specialist Criminal Law firm committed to providing quality service to clients. There are very few firms practising exclusively in the area of Criminal Defence, and with a reputation of hard headedness, dogged determination and fearlessness, Ryan and Bosscher has become a leading Criminal Defence firm in New South Wales. We are committed to Justice and the protection of an individual's rights", "No title found\nOur specialisation ensures provision of the highest standard of representation to any person charged with a criminal offence. Our familiarity with Criminal Law also ensures that Counsel briefed for complex advocacy matters are also highly qualified in the Criminal Defence field."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/incubator/apply

JURIST | School of Law | University of Pittsburgh

["JURIST | School of Law | University of Pittsburgh\nPitt Legal Services Incubator Application\nThe Pitt Legal Services Incubator program is open to all Pitt Law graduates who are admitted to practice law in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.", "JURIST | School of Law | University of Pittsburgh\nApplications for the program commencing January 7, 2019 will open on October 1, 2018. We expect to complete the selection process by early December 2018. Prior to the program start date of January 7, 2019, enrolled lawyers must obtain their own malpractice insurance coverage and legally constitute any entity, e.g., LLC, they intend to use in their practice.\nFor more information, please contact Program Director Amy Coco"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.cinemaparadiso.co.uk/rentals/henryk-gorecki-the-symphony-of-sorrowful-songs-186449.html

Henryk Gorecki: The Symphony of Sorrowful Songs (2007) film | CinemaParadiso.co.uk

["Henryk Gorecki: The Symphony of Sorrowful Songs (2007) film | CinemaParadiso.co.uk\nIn the darkest days of the Solidarity Movement, when military rule almost destroyed democracy in Poland, the music of Henryk G\u00f3recki was an eloquent voice of protest, a rallying cry for the oppressed and a symbol of hope. His \"Third Symphony\" has been a musical sensation: It was in September 1992 that the recording by the London Sinfonietta, conducted by David Zinman, with Dawn Upshaw as the solo soprano, began to enter the public's consciousness. The symphony surged up the music charts to reach the No", "Henryk Gorecki: The Symphony of Sorrowful Songs (2007) film | CinemaParadiso.co.uk\n1 spot in the classical album list and, quite incredibly, reached No. 6 in the popular album chart as well. G\u00f3recki wrote the symphony in 1976 at a time when he was a 'nonperson' in the political sense and his music was banned in his native Katowice, some twenty minutes from Auschwitz. In 1970 he found a book about the German occupation. In the footnotes there was an example of the different messages scratched on the walls of the prison and he found one particular message from a young girl", "Henryk Gorecki: The Symphony of Sorrowful Songs (2007) film | CinemaParadiso.co.uk\nHer words were very simple, \"Mama, don't cry.\" It was these words which inspired the \"Symphony of Sorrowful Songs\". This emotional, disturbing and powerful film by the award-winning director Tony Palmer includes a performance of the \"Third Symphony\" by The London Sinfonietta, Dawn Upshaw and David Zinman."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://metaphors.iath.virginia.edu/metaphors?f%5Bwork_ids%5D%5B%5D=6427

The Mind is a Metaphor | Browse the Database

["The Mind is a Metaphor | Browse the Database\nAestheticism and Decadence (1)\nA woman's nature \"is like a great house full of rooms ... and in the innermost room, the holy of holies, the soul sits alone and waits for a footstep that never comes.\"\n\u2014 Wharton, Edith (1862-1937)"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://libanswers.unl.edu/faq/145400

Do you have books in languages other than English? - ASKus FAQ

["Do you have books in languages other than English? - ASKus FAQ\nQ. Do you have books in languages other than English?\nYes we do! When searching the library catalog, you can use the \u201cLimit by Language\u201d option on the left-hand side of the screen to narrow search results by language.\nFor example, if you do an advanced search for the author \u201cRowling, J. K.\u201d you will see that our collection includes Harry Potter books in English, Spanish, and Japanese.\nSome of UNL\u2019s foreign language collections can be found outside the campus libraries:", "Do you have books in languages other than English? - ASKus FAQ\nChinese \u2013 Confucius Institute: http://confuciusinstitute.unl.edu/\nJapanese -- Kawasaki Reading Room: http://modlang.unl.edu/kawasaki-reading-room\nSpanish \u2013 Spanish Studies Institute: http://cehs.unl.edu/tlte/spanish-studies-institute/"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://cybersecurity.osu.edu/services/data-loss-prevention

Data Loss Prevention | Office of Technology and Digital Innovation

["Data Loss Prevention | Office of Technology and Digital Innovation\nCybersecurity for Ohio State\nOne of the keys to keeping data safe is knowing what you have and knowing it is stored in a location that is appropriately secured.\nThe Data Loss Prevention (DLP) service allows departments to scan university computers and servers to detect sensitive data such as Social Security numbers and credit card numbers. If we know where the data is stored, we can determine if the location is appropriate for the data's classification and better secure it if necessary.", "Data Loss Prevention | Office of Technology and Digital Innovation\nDLP is available for both Windows, macOS and file shares. Data Loss Prevention can impact Risk Management Standards and Requirements DAT 1.6.1 and 1.6.2.\nContact us to schedule an initial consultation.\[email protected]\nFor technical support for any of our services, please visit the IT Service Desk Service or call 614-688-4357 (HELP)."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://cather.unl.edu/search?f%5B%5D=date.year%7C1940&f%5B%5D=places%7CColusa%2C+California%2C+United+States&f%5B%5D=places%7CGrass+Valley%2C+California%2C+United+States&f%5B%5D=person.name%7CHergesheimer%2C+Joseph&f%5B%5D=person.name%7CMellen%2C+Mary+Vir

Willa Cather Archive

["Willa Cather Archive\nHergesheimer, Joseph 1\nCalifornia, United States 1\nGrass Valley, California, United States 1\nSan Francisco, California, United States 1\nPlaces : Colusa, California, United States\nPlaces : Grass Valley, California, United States\nPeople : Hergesheimer, Joseph\nPeople : Shannon, Margaret Cather\nRoscoe Cather (November 28, 1940)"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/06/20050602-13.html

President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America

["President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nPresident Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nHopkinsville Christian County Conference and Convention Center\nHopkinsville, Kentucky\n2:30 P.M. CDT", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Thanks for the warm welcome. Please be seated. Thanks for the warm welcome. Glad I brought a little rain with me. (Laughter.) I'm honored to be here. I've got some friends -- just met them, but some folks from the community here who want to discuss Social Security with me and with you. It's a vital subject. But before I get there, I do want to say a couple of things.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nFirst, it's such an honor to land at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. (Applause.) I say \"honor,\" because that base houses some of the finest men and women our country have ever known. (Applause.) Men and women, and their families, who are making incredible sacrifices on behalf of the American people. They're doing some hard work to protect the country, and as they do that hard work, they're helping free people. We are laying the foundations for peace because more people are free in the world", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nFreedom is on the march. I was proud to see that Laura has a great trip overseas. She was advancing the freedom agenda, making it clear that free societies are societies that honor women and welcome women into the daily lives of government and business. (Applause.) She sends her best. She's become quite the comedian over the last couple of weeks. (Laughter.) I love her dearly. She's a great First Lady and a wonderful wife. (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI appreciate knowing your Governor. I want to thank Governor Fletcher for doing a fine job for the people of Kentucky. (Applause.) I know Congressman Ed Whitfield is traveling, but I think he sent his mom and dad here. Mr. and Mrs. Whitfield, thank you all for coming. There you are. Great to see you all. (Applause.) Tell Ed I was asking about him. (Laughter.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI want to thank all the state and local officials who have joined us today. I'm honored that you're here. I want to thank Mayor Liebe for being here. I want to thank those of you who serve in the city councils and county commissions, if that's what you call them here in Kentucky. Thanks for serving.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI want to tell you somebody else I met who's serving in an incredibly important way, and that is a fellow named Dr. John Cotthoff. (Applause.) A couple of people have heard of him. (Laughter.) He came out to the -- to meet me at Air Force One. Every time I stop at a place, I ask somebody who has volunteered in the community to come out so I can herald volunteerism, so I can thank this one person in this one case for his kindness. He's a doc. He established a clinic in 1991, the St. Luke Free Clinic", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nHe volunteers his time. He helps 4,000 working uninsured people get health care. He's an -- he's a soldier in the army of compassion. He's one of the millions of citizens in this country who have heard the universal call to love a neighbor just like you'd like to be loved yourself and are helping this country, one person at a time.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nIf you're a member of the army of compassion, I want to thank you for joining John. If you want to serve our country, feed the hungry, find shelter for the homeless, love somebody, teach somebody to read, and you'll be making a huge contribution to America just like Dr. John Cutthoff is. John, thank you for being here. I appreciate you coming. (Applause.) Thank you, sir.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nWe got a lot to do in Washington, D.C., and there's too much politics up there. (Laughter.) Pure and simple. I'm calling on Congress to do a couple of important things. One of them is to make sure we're wise about how we spend your money. If the program doesn't wok we ought not to be spending money on it. (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI submitted a tough budget. Congress passed a tough budget and now it's time for them to make sure they don't overspend when it comes time to appropriating your money. (Applause.) We've got a plan to cut our deficit in half in five years, and if they're wise stewards with your money, we will do that.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nSecondly, four years ago I submitted a strategy to the United States Congress to make us less dependent on foreign sources of energy. And we've had four years of debate", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nThis is the year where they've got to stop debating an energy bill and pass an energy bill that will encourage conservation -- (applause) -- a bill that will encourage conservation, a bill that will modernize the electricity grid, a bill that will spend money on clean coal technology -- we've got a lot of coal in America; we could use technology to make sure we burn it cleanly. We've got to explore for oil and gas in environmentally friendly ways", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nWe've got to spend money to use ethanol -- so we can use ethanol and biodiesel. (Applause.) We've got a plan that will make us less dependent on foreign sources of energy.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nListen, I understand people are paying higher prices at the gas pump. I know that you're paying that tax -- it's like a tax that goes -- that money, and it's up because we're dependent. And the more dependent you are on somebody else's energy, the more likely it is you'll pay a higher price for it. And so I put a plan up there to get us to diversify away from the old habits and the old ways. The bill passed the House, it passed the Senate committee. It's now on the floor of the United States Senate", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nFor the sake of economic security and national security, the Senate has got to get that bill passed; the House and Senate have got to reconcile their differences and get me a bill I can sign by August of this year. (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI want to talk about Social Security. Franklin Roosevelt did a smart thing when he set up the Social Security system. There's a lot of people who depend upon their Social Security check. I suspect there's a lot of people in this part of the world that depend on that check. I want to start off by telling those of you in Kentucky who get a check now from Social Security, nothing is going to change for you. You're going to keep getting your check. I don't care what the politicians say", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nWhen you hear us talking about the Social Security system being in trouble, people who are getting their check have got to understand you're in good shape. It's the youngsters coming up who have a problem with Social Security. And I'll tell you why -- (applause) -- let me tell you why. A lot of us are getting ready to retire. We're called baby boomers. See, my retirement age happens to be in 2008. I reached retirement age in 2008, which is a convenient year for me to retire", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\n(Laughter.) And there's a lot of baby boomers, and we're living longer than the previous generation. So you're beginning to get a sense of the new math. Baby boomers -- I think when we fully retire, it's going to be about 73 million of us that the younger people are going to have to pay for. Right now there's over -- a little over 40 million retirees", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nSo there's a whole lot of new retirees getting ready to retire soon who are living longer, which means younger folks are going to keep paying into -- paying for us longer and longer. And we've been promised greater benefits.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTo complicate the problem for the younger generation of Americans, there are fewer people paying into the system for every retiree. In 1950, there were about 16 workers for every retiree. Think about that. So if the government made a promise, there was 16 of you that were able to divide up the promise. Today, there are 3.3 workers per retiree. Pretty soon there will be two workers per retiree", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nYou got a lot of people getting ready to retire who will be living longer, drawing greater benefits, with fewer people paying in the system.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd we're paying into what's called a pay-as-you-go system. Now, that means you pay through payroll taxes, and we go ahead and spend. (Laughter.) We, of course, spend on retirement benefits. But that's not all that Congress has been spending your payroll tax on. See, a lot of people think they're sending their payroll taxes in and the government holds the money for them, and when it comes to retire, you get your money back. That's now how it works.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nPeople are paying their payroll taxes; the beneficiaries are receiving their benefits, and there's been money left over. And that money has gone to government programs. And so all that's left in the Social Security trust is a file cabinet full of IOUs. And when those IOUs come due, somebody has to pay for them either through reduced benefits or greater taxes.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nThe pay-as-you-go system is -- really isn't fair, if you think about it. The government has said you're going to pay payroll taxes for your retirement, but they've gone ahead and spent your money on other government programs. And as a result of the pay-as-you-go system, with more people retiring, in 2017, the system goes into the red. In other words, more benefits will be going out than payroll taxes coming in. That makes sense", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nThat's not very far down the road. If you've got a six-year-old child, that's -- the system goes in the red when you're child starts to drive. That is if you -- you have driver's licenses at 18 here, Ernie? Yes, 18. It was harrowing experience when our daughters -- 16, well, that's interesting, yes. (Laughter.) Let me know when they're on the road. (Laughter.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd every year thereafter the system gets worse, because more people are getting benefits and they're living longer. In 2027, the amount of money coming in will be $200 billion less than the amount of money going out. Every year it gets worse from 2017 on. In 2032, I think it is, $300 billion a year. In other words, we're piling up an unsustainable system for younger workers. You got younger workers paying into a system that is going to go bankrupt in 2041, unless we do something about it.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nSo I saw a problem. If you take an objective look at the math, you can't help but see a problem. It's no problem for people who are getting their check today. If you're getting your Social Security here in Kentucky, you don't have a problem. But if you've got a grandchild, you do a problem -- or at least that grandchild does. And so I decided to put the issue up for discussion in Washington. I'll tell you why I did", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nThe job of the President is to confront problems, is to deal with problems, not pass them on to future Presidents or future congresses. That's the job of the President of the United States. (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI suspect some in Washington wish I hadn't have brought it up, because some in Washington really don't want to deal with it. But every year we wait, we're saddling a younger generation with about $600 billion in costs. I mean, it's conceivable if we don't do anything that the payroll tax will have to go to 18 percent in order to make -- fulfill the promises for the baby boomers", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd I don't think that's fair to a younger generation of Americans, to not have political courage and deal with the problem and pass on the problem to them. I just don't think it's right.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd so I've been traveling the country, spending a lot of time trying to impress the folks with two things right off the bat. One, we have got a serious problem, and if we don't do anything about it, we're saddling a young generation with a huge problem. And, two, if you get your check, nothing is going to change. I keep saying that because I understand the politics of Social Security -- if you don't want to get anything done, all you've got to do is go around the country trying to scare seniors", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd then the seniors will say to the members of the Congress, please don't do anything. And so I'm going to spend a lot of time convincing seniors nothing changes -- and convincing folks there's a problem, because once the people realize there's a problem, then the next question they ask to their elected representative is, we've got a problem and I've sent you up to Washington to solve problems, and so what are you going to do about it", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI also have a duty to lay out some ideas, and so I have done so. I have -- I have suggested the following principles: one, that future generations should receive benefits equal to or greater than the benefits enjoyed by today's seniors. That makes sense to say to somebody who's paying in the payroll tax. If you're a youngster, you're paying in, the system ought to at least yield benefits equal to or greater than the baby boomers, for example.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nSecondly, I believe the system -- I know the system can be designed so that someone who works all their life does not retire into poverty. That seems to make sense. You got a lot of people working hard in America and they're contributing to the Social Security system, and when they retire, they retire into poverty. To me, that's a system that is a flawed system. And so, therefore, I supported an idea, what's called progressive indexing", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nThat's long Washington words for this: Right now benefits rise at the rate of wage increases. And so I proposed that the poor Americans, those at the lower end of the income scale, have their benefits continue to rise with wages; and that the upper-income folks have their benefits rise with inflation. In other words, all benefits go up, one set of benefits faster than others.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd if we're able to implement that plan, that solves a significant portion of the solvency issue for Social Security. Just think about that. By slowing down the rate of benefit growth -- benefits still grow, but at a slower rate, a rate in which government can now afford, a younger generation can afford to pay in, at a slower rate -- we solve a lot of the Social Security problem.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd so I put that on the table for people to consider. To me, it makes sense. To me, it's fair. Benefits go up; certain people's benefits will go up faster than others, depending upon their income level.\nAnd so, then there's other options on the table that Congress needs to come and talk about. In good faith, they need to come -- set aside their political party and say, for the good of the country, why don't we come together and solve a significant problem.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI want to talk about one other idea that we're going to spend some time talking about today. In order to make Social Security a better deal for younger Americans -- in other words, what I've just laid out is a way to permanently solve the issue. But I think we ought to make it -- without raising taxes, by the way, without raising payroll taxes, which is important", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\n(Applause.) I think we ought to let younger workers, if they decide -- if they say, this is something I'd like to do -- is to take some of their own money that they're paying into the system through the payroll tax and set that money aside in a voluntary personal savings account.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nLet me tell you why it will be a better deal -- and we're going to spend some time talking about this -- money grows over time. You hold money and you get a decent rate of return on that money, it tends to compound, it grows, the growth accelerates. That's just how it works. It's called the compounding rate of interest", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nRight now, when we collect your money, if you're a youngster out there working hard and paying into the system, you'll be displeased to know you get about a 1.8 percent return on your money, which is pitiful, rate of return. Heck, you can put your money in T-bills and do better than that.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI think we ought to allow younger workers to take some of their own payroll taxes -- remember, it's your money, and not the government's -- and set it aside, and be able to invest in a conservative mix of bonds and stocks, if that's what you choose to do. I recognize some people, that makes them nervous in America. You don't have to do it. It's a voluntary idea. In other works, you say, here's your option, if this is what you think makes sense", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nA conservative mix of bonds and stocks, for example, can yield over a period of time 4.5 percent rate of return. And that difference between the 4.5 percent somebody gets or the 1.8 percent you're now getting over a 30-year period is a lot of money. It's a lot of money.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd so, when I say better deal, it's a better deal for somebody to earn better interest on their own money. That makes sense. I mean, we tried it before, by the way. As a matter of fact, we're trying it now. This may interest you", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nThis was such a good idea that members of the United States Senate and the United States Congress decided that in the federal retirement system, called the Thrift Savings Plan, that people, if they so choose, ought to be allowed to set aside some of their own money to get a better rate of return on their money. So here's my attitude and my message to the people in Washington, D.C", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nIf you let yourself do it, if you think it's such a good idea for you, who's been elected to the Congress, then you ought to let workers have that same option. (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nThe personal savings account, the voluntary personal savings account would be a supplement to your Social Security check. It would be a part of a Social Security system, it's not \"the\" Social Security system. The government is going to say you can't put all your payroll tax, you can put a portion of your payroll taxes, and so you'll end up with something in the Social Security system, as well as your own nest egg that the government cannot take away", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nIf you're a 20-year-old making $8 an hour over your career -- 20 years old today, $8 an hour over your career, and if the government lets you put a third of your payroll taxes in a voluntary personal savings account, you'll end up with a nest egg of $100,000 when you're 63. If you're a police officer and a nurse, who started working in 2011 and you work your entire careers, when you retire both of you will have a combined nest egg of $669,000 as part of your retirement package. That's how money grows.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI think it makes sense to let people, if they so choose, have an asset they call their own. It's beneficial for society. One of the things I've tried to do as the President is promote an ownership society. We want more people owning their own assets. We want more people owning their own home. We want to encourage entrepreneurship, so people can own their own small business. I think it makes sense to have people from all walks of life owning and managing their own assets, if that's what they choose to do", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI reject the idea, soundly reject the idea that the investor class, the so-called investor class should be the only owners in America. I think ownership ought to be spread to every corner of America, for people of all walks of life, no matter what their demographic background may be, or no matter what their income level is. I like the idea of moms and dads being able to pass on assets to whomever they choose. (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nA couple of other things -- I'm getting a little windy, aren't I? (Laughter.) Thank you. She said I'm on a roll. (Laughter and applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nJust a couple of other points I want to make; then we'll go to some of our guests here -- not \"some of our guests,\" all of our guests. First of all, there are rules. In other words, people say to me, well, you know, what happens if somebody makes a risky investment? The idea of having a voluntary personal savings account does not allow for -- you can't take your money to the lottery, or the track. (Laughter.) There's a conservative mix of bonds and stocks.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nBy the way, this happens all the time in our society where people are given some options in a rather conservative mix. It doesn't take much to get a better rate of return than government gets for you now. I was with John McCain at one of these events one time; he said he thought -- as he remembered, he got about a 7 percent rate of return on the conservative mix of bonds and stocks that he has held for about 20-some years. You put 7 percent onto a pretty good size of money, that grows rather quickly", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd so there will be rules. People say to me, well, Wall Street will benefit. No, we're not going to let Wall Street gouge people on this. I mean, that's just not going to happen. There will be a -- there will be reasonable fees. And, of course, the government will have an oversight role in all this business. It will be an opportunity for people if they so choose.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nLet me tell you one other thing to -- that I think you'll find patently unfair about this system. You got a husband and a wife, and they've worked all their life, both contributing into the Social Security, and the husband passes away. And the wife will then be in a position to either have her own benefits, or her husband's benefits, but not both", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nIn other words, somebody has been working -- the spouse has been working and one dies early, and both of them had been working all their life -- think about this system -- when it comes time to retire, the surviving spouse -- man or woman -- gets to choose his or her benefits, or the deceased spouse's benefits, which is ever higher, but not both. That means somebody has worked all their life and put money into the system that at some point in time just goes away.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd these are hard working people we're talking about in America -- people who have worked hard and paid that payroll tax. And if you're a youngster who just entered the work force, you know what it means to give some payroll tax. That's that first shock you get when you see that payroll tax coming out of your check. Imagine a system where you've worked all your life and it's not there", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd so one of the reasons -- another reason I like somebody to be able to have assets that they can pass on to whomever they choose, here's an instance -- the example I just gave you says that a husband or a wife will have an asset base upon death to be able to pass on to the surviving spouse to help them out during this incredibly difficult period.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd so Congress needs to consider this idea. And I repeat, if it's good enough for you in the Congress, it ought to be good enough for working people here in America. (Applause.)\nRick Paxton. Welcome, Rick, thank you. Where do you live?\nMR. PAXTON: Yes, sir, I live right here in Hopkinsville , Kentucky here.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Good place to live, isn't it?\nMR. PAXTON: It's a wonderful place to live. (Applause.)\nTHE PRESIDENT: Thanks for coming. Tell everybody what you do.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMR. PAXTON: I'm a financial consultant with Hilliard-Lyons, have been for the last 15 years.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Good. I ask -- on these panels I always ask somebody who -- to come who knows what he or she is talking about, an expert.\nMR. PAXTON: Uh-oh. (Laughter.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Usually it's a PhD. I know you're not one. And I -- (laughter) -- and I like to tell people, he's a PhD. I'm a C student -- was a C student -- and look who the advisor is. (Laughter.) So all you C students out there, work hard, but there's hope for you. (Laughter and applause.)\nAll right, Rick. Rick studies markets and investments. Let her rip.\nMR. PAXTON: Yes, sir. Well, first, I have with me today my wife, Anne, and my two wonderful children, Chris and Elizabeth.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Well, good. Welcome.\nMR. PAXTON: And on behalf of my children, I just want to thank you for being brave enough to take this on. I know it's politically been a thing that's been talked about. I can remember 30 years ago in a college economics class, the professor talking about the coming problem because of our generation, the baby boomers.\nMR. PAXTON: And I just want to commend you for taking this on.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Well, thanks Rick. You're kind to say that, thank you. (Applause.) That's what you're paying me to do. Go ahead.\nTHE PRESIDENT: That's interesting. I hope everybody understands what he's saying. If you keep your money and it grows, it tends to -- it accelerates, it snowballs, I guess. It's not a very sophisticated terminology, I recognize --\nQ That's very good.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Thank you. Well, I did pay attention to some courses. (Laughter.) Anyway, but it grows.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nQ Yes, sir. One of the jobs that I have is to go into companies and work on the retirement plans with them. And we address rooms of people who are planning for their retirement and enrolling in the retirement plan. For 15 years I've been doing this, and the first question I ask them, and have for 15 years, \"Is there anybody in this room who thinks that they'll be able to depend on their Social Security when they get there", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Interesting, isn't it? Think about a government that has this program where we're taking a lot of money out of your pocket. And he goes in a room and says, anybody think they're going to see a check -- these are younger workers he's talking to -- or think the system will be there for them? And they don't raise their hand.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nWhat are the -- government must build trust. And one way you build trust is you say that when you put money into something you're going to get something out of it. Now, if you're an older American, you're in good shape. But the dynamics have shifted. And what the amazing thing is, a lot of youngsters understand what he's talking about; they're beginning to see the realities of a Social Security system that is not solvent for them", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nYou know, they tell me -- somebody told me about a survey one time where the youngsters said they're more likely to see a UFO than a Social Security check. (Laughter.) It's got to be a little disheartening if you're a person who believes you're more likely to see a UFO than get a Social Security check and you're paying into the system, hoping that the system is available for you. And that's why I keep trying to explain to people -- or do explain to people, this is a generational issue", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nGrandmoms and granddads ought to be worried about their grandchildren coming up and putting money in a system that's not going to be available for them. (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nWhat else you got? I've got a question for you. I've got an interesting -- you know what's interesting about our society -- and there is some concern, I readily understand that people are nervous about maybe investing their money, particularly older Americans that aren't used to it. But think about what's taking place in society today -- 401(k)s. You look like kind of an older fellow -- were you aware of a 401(k) when you were 20 years old?\nMR. PAXTON: I wish they were around then.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Yes, 401(k)s are investment vehicles for workers to watch their own money grow. It's part of retirement. A lot of people have them. I was in an automobile factory in Mississippi, talking to line workers. I said, how many of you all invest your -- watch your own money grow and make investment decisions for your money through a 401(k) plan in this plant", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\n? I'm telling you, hands went up -- a lot of hands, people from all walks of life. The culture is changing -- we've got investors now all across America, people from all walks of life learning to invest. IRAs -- I'm sure you're spending a lot of time on that.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMR. PAXTON: Sure.\nTHE PRESIDENT: So when you hear people say, well, I'm not so sure if America is ready for this, two things come to my mind. One, a lot of Americans already are watching their own money grow. And, two, you can learn pretty quick when you're watching your own money. You know what I'm saying? You ask a lot of questions when it's your money, and you learn really fast.\nAnd so, Rick, thank you for coming, I appreciate it.\nMR. PAXTON: You're welcome, sir. Thank you for inviting me.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: We've got Clay Walton. Speaking about younger -- I don't know about UFOs and Social Security checks; I do know you're a farmer. Isn't that right?\nMR. WALTON: That's right.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Well, say something, then. (Laughter.)\nMR. WALTON: That's correct.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Okay. What do you farm?\nMR. WALTON: I'm from here in Hopkinsville.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Like what crops?\nMR. WALTON: I grow alfalfa hay.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Very good. Is the market all right? I shouldn't have asked that -- it's never all right if you're a farmer, is it?\nMR. WALTON: You can buy some, if you want. (Laughter.)\nTHE PRESIDENT: Take it back to Crawford. (Laughter.)\nSo tell me, has this family farm been around for a while?\nMR. WALTON: Yes, sir, it sure has.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Good.\nMR. WALTON: My father and my grandfather and even my great-grandfather.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Really? Which brings up another subject. We've got to get rid of the death tax forever. (Applause.) We want to keep this asset in this man's family. Talk about passing assets from one generation to the next, farmers are pretty good about that. It doesn't make sense to tax a person's assets twice -- when you're living and then when you die.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnyway, sorry to interrupt, just a thought that popped into my head. (Laughter.) Happens occasionally. (Laughter and applause.) What's your concerns on Social Security?\nMR. WALTON: Well, my concern is, being a farmer, Social Security is really the only thing I have. Nobody offered me a 401(k), or anything when I started farming. And I'm paying into it all these years and I'm really counting on it, and I would kind of like it to be there when I retire.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Interesting, isn't it -- here's a sole proprietor, kind of a man out there on his own and he's paying into the system and sounds like to me -- I don't want to put words in your mouth, but it sounds like you might be a little nervous about whether it's going to be there.\nMR. WALTON: Oh, absolutely.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Congress has got to understand you've got a 29-year-old farmer working hard, putting money in the system -- He's sitting right up here in front of all these cameras saying, I'm not so sure the system is going to be there for me. That's the problem. And that's the problem that I'm going to spend whatever time is necessary talking about to get the folks up there to get something done on behalf of this good man", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMR. WALTON: I have a new wife.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Well, that's a good move. (Laughter.) That's the smartest thing you did. (Laughter.) Good, I'm looking forward to meeting her.\nMR. WALTON: All right.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Have you ever thought about the personal accounts, at all? Has that thought ever --\nMR. WALTON: Oh, I think that's a very good idea. I mean, you know, anybody that's just giving their money away, they -- you know, having choices and options for a little bit of our money seems reasonable to me.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Yes, seems like it to me. I mean, what's wrong with government saying, if you so choose? I recognize that's maybe a little different philosophy than some have in Washington. But it says, we trust you. After all, who should government trust", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\n? Government ought to trust the people. That's how this government is formed. That's the strength of our country, is trusting people. And, after all, we're trusting you with your own money. You said you're working hard, you're paying in the system. I just want you to recognize -- I recognize whose money it is. It's not the government's, it's yours.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nYou're doing fine. (Applause.) Is it raining enough for you?\nMR. WALTON: Growing a little bit more now.\nTHE PRESIDENT: That's good. All right, Erica. Good job. When were you married, by the way?\nMR. WALTON: A little over six months ago.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Should have invited me. (Laughter.) Never too late, get a couple of matchbooks or something. (Laughter.)\nErica Campbell -- thank you, good job. Erica, welcome.\nMS. CAMPBELL: Hello.\nTHE PRESIDENT: What do you do?", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMS. CAMPBELL: I'm a full-time nursing student and part-time medical assistant at OB/GYN Associates.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Awesome. Need a little medical liability reform in Washington, D.C., by the way, to keep these OB/GYNs in practice. (Applause.)\nMS. CAMPBELL: Yes, we do.\nTHE PRESIDENT: You've also got a -- your most important job, however, is --\nMS. CAMPBELL: I'm a mother.\nTHE PRESIDENT: There you go.\nMS. CAMPBELL: I have a four-year-old daughter named Kyler.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Fantastic. Is she here?", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMS. CAMPBELL: She's right over there. Hi, Kyler.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Sound asleep.\nMS. CAMPBELL: Asleep? Okay.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Laura told me not to talk too much -- I put her asleep, didn't I? (Laughter.) This is -- I love this story by the way. Here's a single mom, working hard, working a job -- two jobs -- mom, first; a -- what did you say you were, a OB/GYN?\nMS. CAMPBELL: A medical assistant.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Medical assistant.\nMS. CAMPBELL: And a full-time nursing student.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Now going -- a student, becoming a student. That's great. I appreciate you doing that. It's -- you're doing your duty. Now, here you are talking about Social Security. Tell -- give me some thoughts.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Let me stop you right there real quick. Isn't it interesting -- a mom sitting here talking about a 401(k) or an IRA. These are investment vehicles that encourage people to save their own money.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nNow, tell me what it's like on a 401(k). I mean, do you get a monthly statement, quarterly statement?\nMS. CAMPBELL: We get -- it seems like every day we piece of paper from it. (Laughter.) But it's like every two weeks --\nTHE PRESIDENT: Oh, that's good.\nMS. CAMPBELL: -- I think we get a statement from it. It's taken out of my paycheck before I ever see it, so I don't miss it, and it's right there and I can keep up with it.\nTHE PRESIDENT: And you get to look at it.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMS. CAMPBELL: It's actually through Hilliard-Lyon.\nTHE PRESIDENT: That's good. Doesn't it make sense to have a society in which people are constantly reminded about growth of their assets? It seems like to me it would cause people to pay pretty close attention to what the government's decision-making process is like. I mean, here's a young woman who opens up on a bimonthly basis her statement, reminding her that she owns that. That's part of an ownership society.\nKeep going. (Laughter.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: This is what we're talking about. We're talking about giving a worker, a fellow American, the opportunity -- if she so chooses -- to take some of her own money, watch it grow just like she's doing in a 401(k), building up a nest egg, an asset base which will give her peace of mind. In other words, an asset that she can pass on to her young daughter.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nNow, this asset will grow over time as we talked about, the interest compounds at a reasonable enough rate, it grows. And I just -- I cannot believe that people in Washington, D.C. are -- don't understand the power of this idea for a person like Erica, and wouldn't be willing to give Erica the opportunity, if she chooses -- her choice -- to set aside some of her own money, just like she just said she wants to do.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd -- is it hard to invest? I mean, do people -- I hear people say, well, it may be too difficult.\nMS. CAMPBELL: I did it. I didn't think it was too hard. I'm not a rocket scientist, but whenever you sign up for your job they just set it down and explain it to you right then and you sign up for it, and you don't have to do anything else if you don't want to.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: See, there's plenty of help. And you've got advisors, people who are going to -- and these 401(k) plans, for example -- and I'm -- there will be a whole group of people that will be available to give people reasonable advice about what to do with their own money. And it's really important for our fellow citizens to understand it doesn't take much to get a better rate of return than the government is getting for you now", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nErica, thank you. Looking forward to meeting Kyler.\nMS. CAMPBELL: Thank you.\nTHE PRESIDENT: We better not wake her up yet, though, right?\nMS. CAMPBELL: We're waking her up for the picture. (Laughter.)\nTHE PRESIDENT: Yes, okay, good. (Applause.) Thanks for coming.\nLindsay Freeman. Lindsay, right here from Hopkinsville?\nMR. FREEMAN: Right here in Hopkinsville, 68 years.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Really, and that's how old you are?\nMR. FREEMAN: Yes, sir. (Laughter.)\nTHE PRESIDENT: So, therefore, you were born here.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMR. FREEMAN: Yes, sir.\nTHE PRESIDENT: And you were a major general?\nMR. FREEMAN: I retired from the Army Reserve as a major general, yes.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Thanks for serving. Good job. (Applause.) You get -- you're eligible for Social Security?\nTHE PRESIDENT: Are you getting it?\nMR. FREEMAN: That's a big part of my income today, is my Social Security.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: A lot of people like Lindsay in America -- \"a big part of my income,\" how I live my life depends upon the Social Security check. And there's thousands and thousands of people like Lindsay. They're saying, I need my check, Mr. President. Don't take it away from me. Don't mess with it. And he doesn't have to worry about it. I hope -- I hope that message has sunk in.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMR. FREEMAN: Well, I'm not worried about it for me, but I'm worried about it for my daughter who is out here, Elizabeth. And she works for the drug court. And we're worried about it for my son who is an equine veterinarian out in Utah.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Really. That's good. That's what I'm hearing a lot more of, by the way. Once we've convinced seniors there's nothing to worry about, then they're starting to say, well, Mr. President, I'm not worried about me, but what are you -- what do you all intend to do in Washington about my children or my grandchildren?", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nThis is -- folks, this is a generational issue we're talking about. This is an issue that really does relate to a younger generation of Americans who are just starting in the work force and coming up.\nWhat else you got on your mind?\nMR. FREEMAN: Well, I need to introduce my wife, Nancy, who is a former schoolteacher, is here. And she's the one in the wheelchair over there with the broken leg. And then my daughter's friend, Kenneth Stoll (phonetic) is a firefighter --\nTHE PRESIDENT: Fantastic.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMR. FREEMAN: And then my sister-in-law, TC Freeman, works for Senator Bunning. So we have --\nTHE PRESIDENT: Yes, well -- fortunately, you don't have a large family; otherwise we'd still be -- (laughter and applause.)\nLet me say something about your wife. First of all, thanks for being a schoolteacher. One great way to serve our nation is to teach school. And it's a wonderful profession. (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMR. FREEMAN: Well, I worked in a family business for almost 50 years, and of course, I paid self-employment tax for all those years. And I just wish that I'd have had an opportunity to invest some of my own money 50 years ago. And I would have invested it in a real safe mutual fund. And based on Rick's statistics, I'd have been a millionaire.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: That's right. Well, he's not kidding, though. You put enough money aside and you hold it long enough, and you get a decent rate of return, money grows. That's what people have got to understand. We're missing that opportunity in America. One way to make this system work better, a better deal for people who are putting hard-earned money is just give them a chance to watch their money grow in a conservative mix. And that's what you're talking about.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI appreciate you reminding people of that. I'm also beginning to hear more people saying, I wish I'd have put a little something aside, or had the opportunity if I so choose to put money aside. And that's all we're saying. We're saying, if you want to, you can put it aside. The government is not saying, you have to. We're saying, you ought to be able to -- which seems reasonable. After all, they get to.\nWhat else you got, General?", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMR. FREEMAN: Well, I still work part-time for BMAR Associates, which is located here in Hopkinsville, and Terry Hanby is the President, and he has about 1,400 employees. And he really pushes your Social Security program, I'll tell you.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Well, I appreciate that. Tell him, thanks. (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nYou know, one of the interesting things that Lindsay said, there are a lot of businesspeople who contribute 12.4 percent into the Social Security -- a lot of sole proprietors. They pay the whole deal. You know workers pay 6.2 percent, but if you're self-employed, you're liable to pay 12.4 percent, which doubles the pain if you're a young self-employed person, when you think nothing is going to be there.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd so we're really dealing with an issue that not only relates to a person being able to retire -- in other words, listen, Social Security has been a safety net -- let's put it that way -- and there's a big hole in the safety net for a younger group of Americans, and we're trying to bind that hole up.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nBut we're also giving people a chance to pass on assets from one generation to the next. That's what a free society is all about, isn't it? People work hard, they benefit from the freedom of America, and then they're able to pass something on to the next generation, if that's what they choose to do. To me, that brings stability to our society. It's an incentive; it gives people peace of mind. It gives a young mom peace of mind.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nWe've got an interesting person with us here. That would be you. (Laughter.) Cecil Ferrell.\nMRS. FERRELL: Right.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Microphone -- I'm a little hesitant to tell her anything after that -- she reminds me of my mother a little bit. (Laughter.)\nMRS. FERRELL: I thought I was just supposed to hold it, I didn't know I was supposed to talk in it. (Laughter.)\nTHE PRESIDENT: Well, we're trying to get some wisdom from you. I'm really hungry. (Laughter.)\nMRS. FERRELL: You are?", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Can you help me out?\nMRS. FERRELL: Well, I tell you, the only thing is to bring you a hamburger. (Laughter.)\nTHE PRESIDENT: That's it. Cecil Ferrell was one of the founders and owners of Ferrell Hamburgers. When did you all start the deal -- start your business? (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMRS. FERRELL: We started in Owensboro in 1929. We had two places there. My husband and his four brothers were all in together. And so when they built the one in Hopkinsville, David and I moved down here and took over. So we've been here for 69 years.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Whew, that's a lot of burgers. (Applause.)\nMRS. FERRELL: That's right. A lot of water under the bridge. A lot of water under the bridge. (Laughter.)\nTHE PRESIDENT: That's right, a lot of water under the bridge.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMRS. FERRELL: I have -- my husband died in 2001, and my daughter died in 2002 --\nTHE PRESIDENT: You've had a tough go.\nMRS. FERRELL: My son is here. He --\nTHE PRESIDENT: Where is he?\nMRS. FERRELL: He's over here, Phillip.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Are you still telling him what to do? (Laughter.)\nMRS. FERRELL: No, you don't tell him anything. (Laughter and applause.)\nTHE PRESIDENT: You're doing good.\nMRS. FERRELL: His wife is with him, Carolyn; and one of my grandsons, David, lives in Bowling Green. He drove down.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: That's good. You have a family reunion.\nMRS. FERRELL: Just to see you.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Just to see you! (Laughter.) I take it you're eligible for Social Security?\nMRS. FERRELL: Well, I'm getting that way. (Laughter.) I'm 86 years old. I go to work every morning at 4:00 a.m. (Applause.) How about that?\nMRS. FERRELL: I stay there usually around 12 hours a day. On Monday, I go in at 3:00 a.m. and I stay for about 12 hours. So that's a pretty full life.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: I'd say so. See if we can kind of tack back toward Social Security here. (Laughter.)\nMRS. FERRELL: Okay. Well, I draw --\nTHE PRESIDENT: Are you getting a check?\nMRS. FERRELL: I draw my husband's Social Security.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Right, you draw the --\nMRS. FERRELL: Mine, I wasn't getting anything, so -- (laughter.)\nTHE PRESIDENT: Remember what I told you? She had a choice, the higher of the two. So the payroll tax you put in there just, poof, just went away.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nMRS. FERRELL: Yes, it just went the way of the balloon.\nTHE PRESIDENT: Yes, it went in to pay for some of those government programs in the pay-as-you-go system.\nTHE PRESIDENT: And you're getting a check. Any doubt you'll get a check?\nMRS. FERRELL: No, I don't have any doubt. And I think that --\nTHE PRESIDENT: That's good to hear.\nMRS. FERRELL: -- I think the system that you're working up is going to work if people will just get with it and hang in there with you.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: I think it will. I appreciate you saying that. (Applause.)\nMRS. FERRELL: Is my face red?\nTHE PRESIDENT: No, not at all. You're doing good. (Laughter.) You know what the problem is in Washington?\nMRS. FERRELL: What?\nTHE PRESIDENT: There is kind of a zero-sum attitude. See, if we do this, so-and-so might look good; or such-and-such party might benefit; and, therefore, let's do nothing. It's not the right attitude, you know that?\nMRS. FERRELL: No.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: This country expects better out of the elected officials. (Applause.) Don't you?\nMRS. FERRELL: People have to learn how to work together.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nTHE PRESIDENT: Well, that's right. And my attitude is this -- the President's job is to lay the problem out. I've done so here today; I will continue doing so around the country. I'm heading down to Crawford, but after that I'm going to head back out again, and I'm going to spend time talking about Social Security every week until something gets done -- because that's my job", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd my job also is to remind people of both political parties that there's a time to set all that business aside and focus on what's good for the American people. (Applause.)", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd what's good for the American people is to hear the truth. The truth is we've got a problem. The truth is people who have retired are going to get their checks, they have nothing to worry about. And the truth is they've got a younger generation of Americans coming up that are going to be paying into the payroll -- paying through payroll tax into the Social Security system, into a system that's going to be bankrupt in 2041.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nAnd now is the time. Now is the time for people to come together. And when they do there will be plenty of credit to go around -- plenty of credit for whoever is willing to come to that table and do what's right for the American people.", "President Discusses Strengthening Social Security for Rural America\nI want to thank you all for joining us. I want to thank you all for coming out today on a rainy day to say hello. I appreciate you giving me a chance to come and explain one of the really vital issues for the United States, an issue that will affect generations of Americans to come. We're going to get something done, folks. You know why? Because when it's all said and done, the American people are going to rise up and say, solve this problem, then you can go on to the next. (Applause.)"]

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[41633, 41773, 0.10714286], [41773, 41885, 0.13392857], [41885, 41979, 0.15957447], [41979, 42002, 0.47826087], [42002, 42038, 0.36111111], [42038, 42126, 0.14772727], [42126, 42292, 0.11445783], [42292, 42543, 0.07569721], [42543, 42601, 0.24137931], [42601, 42707, 0.13207547], [42707, 42769, 0.20967742], [42769, 42850, 0.13580247], [42850, 42888, 0.34210526], [42888, 42924, 0.33333333], [42924, 42952, 0.46428571], [42952, 42991, 0.30769231], [42991, 43056, 0.21538462], [43056, 43128, 0.16666667], [43128, 43162, 0.38235294], [43162, 43278, 0.13793103], [43278, 43333, 0.25454545], [43333, 43364, 0.35483871], [43364, 43455, 0.18681319], [43455, 43595, 0.12142857], [43595, 43746, 0.10596026], [43746, 43846, 0.17], [43846, 43882, 0.36111111], [43882, 43922, 0.325], [43922, 43973, 0.25490196], [43973, 44011, 0.34210526], [44011, 44076, 0.18461538], [44076, 44222, 0.10958904], [44222, 44278, 0.19642857], [44278, 44383, 0.12380952], [44383, 44456, 0.19178082], [44456, 44518, 0.22580645], 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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/here-cums-bride-wheres-groom-fianc%C3%A9e-masturbates-secret-0

Search | Go Ask Alice!

["Search | Go Ask Alice!\nHere cums the bride... but where's the groom? (Fianc\u00e9e masturbates in ''secret'')\nI have a fianc\u00e9e who likes to masturbate in secret, even though we have sex five or six times a week and sometimes twice a day. Is she sexually dissatisfied with me or is it a compulsion to masturbate?... Should I dig deeper into this or leave it alone?", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nIt\u2019s great that you\u2019re reaching out about this personal but key relationship topic! A good first step may be to share your concerns with her and try to learn more about her sexual preferences. Every person's masturbation habit is as unique as their personality. Some masturbate less when they have a partner, some do it more, and still others go on masturbating at the same rate they did when they were single. People masturbate for a variety of reasons", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nWhile it's possible that she's sexually dissatisfied or has a compulsion to masturbate, it's also possible that she has her own reasons for frequent masturbation. The reasons people engage in solo sex can be separate from their sex lives with their partner. In other words, if your fianc\u00e9e is satisfied with the quality and quantity of the sex she has with you, her masturbation may have nothing to do with you.", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nMasturbation has a variety of benefits including being an aspect of self-care. It could be that your fianc\u00e9e uses masturbation for stress relief, pre-menstrual syndrome symptom relief, or to better understand her own body. Asking her some of these questions may help you get started with your conversation: Does she feel empowered being able to pleasure herself? Maybe she wants to better understand her own orgasm to improve your sex life together", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\n? Perhaps there's a certain fantasy she has that she hasn't brought up to you? These questions could help you find some of the reasons she chooses to masturbate. Having open communication about each of your sexual preferences (regarding both solo and partner sex) may alleviate your concerns about her not-so-secret habit and make you more confident in your relationship.", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nTo start the conversation, it's helpful to approach the situation with an open mind and a willingness to listen. Additionally, be sure to share your feelings and thoughts as well so that you can grow your relationship together. You can also ask more questions about your sex life together, asking if she is currently satisfied with your sex life and what can be done to make improvements to it as a whole", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nIf she simply finds masturbation to be a pleasurable activity, perhaps you could discuss how masturbation could be incorporated into a partnered activity. While she may be interested in incorporating it into your sex lives together, she may want to keep her masturbation separate. Keep in mind that in healthy, loving relationships, there is space for partners to have their solo time to enjoy masturbation and other activities alone.", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nIf you\u2019re having issues with communication in your relationship, you may want to consider couples counseling with a mental health professional. Sexual compatibility and openness are key factors for a healthy, happy partnership", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nWorking through this particular issue may improve your communication skills moving forward in married life as well! In the meantime, you may also want to check out related Q&As and the Masturbation category the Go Ask Alice! Sexual & Reproductive Health archives to learn more about the benefits of solo sex and how it can be incorporated into a partnership.", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nAlways a pleasure,\nCounseling and Psychological Services (CPS) (Morningside)\nMental Health Services (CUIMC)\nMasturbation fantasies?\nMale and female orgasm \u2014 Different?\nHusband into porn and masturbation, but not me"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nrj/vol14/iss2/7/

"Tax Consequences and Distinctions Involved in the Sale or Lease of Oil" by Richard B. Gregory

["Tax Consequences and Distinctions Involved in the Sale or Lease of Oil by Richard B. Gregory\nTax Consequences and Distinctions Involved in the Sale or Lease of Oil and Gas Interests\nRichard B. Gregory\nRichard B. Gregory, Tax Consequences and Distinctions Involved in the Sale or Lease of Oil and Gas Interests, 14 Nat. Resources J. 257 (1974).\nAvailable at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nrj/vol14/iss2/7"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Poliomyelitis&oldid=90861&printable=yes

Poliomyelitis - microbewiki

["Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nRevision as of 10:02, 23 July 2013 by Jake.P.Morgan-1 (talk | contribs) (\u2192\u200eTreatment)\nThis student page has not been curated.\nElectron micrograph of poliovirus. From: Wikipedia Commons [1]\nGroup: Group IV\nOrder: Picornavirales\nFamily: Picornaviridae\nGenus: Enterovirus\nSpecies: Enterovirus C\nSubtype: Poliovirus\n2 Virology and Taxonomy\n2.1 Genome and Structure\n2.2 Serotypes\n3 Pathogenesis\n3.2 Entering host cells\n3.3 Dissemination into central nervous system\n4 Clinical features", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\n4.1 Minor illness associated with poliovirus\n4.2 Paralytic poliomyelitis\n4.3 Post polio syndrome\n8 Host Immune Response\nPoliomyelitis is viral disease caused by an enterovirus known as poliovirus and is well known for its role in causing paralysis, especially in infants. While most infections are asymptomatic, viral particles that gain entrance into the central nervous system can replicate in neurons and destroy cells that govern muscle function resulting in flaccid paralysis.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nEpidemics involving the disease, also known as polio, have stuck the human race throughout history. The emergence of polio vaccines in the mid 20th century, however, has given public health organizations the tools needed to eradicate the disease. Worldwide immunization efforts have reduced worldwide cases from the hundreds of thousands to less than a thousand per year", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nWith the Western Hemisphere and Europe declared polio-free in 1994 and 2002 respectively, the virus only remains endemic in Nigeria, Afghanistan and Pakistan. If successfully eradicated, polio will be one of only three diseases eradicated in history\u2014the others being smallpox and rinderpest which were declared eradicated in 1979 and 2011 respectively.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nPoliovirus is a member of the picornavirus viral family, a taxonomic grouping that includes rhino viruses and hepatisis A virus. Picornaviruses are characterized by their icosahedral capsid structure that lacks a viral envelope and carries the single-strand RNA genome. Enterovirus, the genus that includes poliovirus, represents viruses that can withstand low pH and thus pass through the stomach to infect and replicate within intestinal epithelial cells", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nThe virus\u2019 approximately 7500 nucleotide RNA genome codes for the proteins that form its capsid as well as _______. As the genome is translated within the host cell, the polyprotein is cleaved to release P1, which codes for all the proteins needed to form the capsid. 3CD, a viral protease, cleaves P1 to release VP1, VP3 and myristoyl-VP0 which will form pentamers that will eventually create empty capsids made of 60 copies of each of the aforementioned proteins", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nOnce the RNA genome has been encapsidated, the infectious virion will be formed with the cleavage of VP0 into VP2 and VP4 thus leaving the capsid structure complete with 60 copies each of the four proteins: VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nSerotypes\nThree distinct serotypes, PV1, PV2 and PV3, are associated with the paralytic disease with PV1 being associated most frequently with paralytic poliomyelitis.\nMechanistic overview of poliovirus. From: Wikipedia Commons [2]", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nAs a virus that is shed in feces even by asymptomatic persons, poliovirus passes from person to person through the fecal-oral route. Highly communicable, poliovirus tends to be passed to 90 percent of adults and 100 percent of children in a single household. The virus, however, is only infectious in humans. Upon infection, the virus will multiple in the oropharyngeal and intestinal mucosa before draining into the lymph nodes and into the blood", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nMost infections do not progress past this point and cause minor symptoms. A small amount of infections, however, do pass into the central nervous system and cause various degrees of paralysis. Incubation times can vary depending on what symptoms emerge. Minor illnesses of the virus typically manifest themselves between three to five days while more serious symptoms related to CNS infection take one to two weeks.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nPoliovirus enters host cells by binding to its receptor identified as CD155, a glycoprotein of the immunoglobin superfamily. Once multiple virus particles bind the V-type domains of their receptors, they viral particles undergo a conformational change which externalizes the proteins VP4 and VP1 found on the capsid. The proteins then insert into the cell membrane forming channels in the cell membrane", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\n*** The pathway by which the viral particles are internalized in the cell is throught to depend on actin and tyrosine kinase. Shortly after endocytosis of the virus particle, the RNA genome is quickly released into the cytoplasm through a pore in the newly formed vesicle. As genome release occurs within only 100 to 200 nm of the cell surface, the event might be triggered as the resulting curvature of the forming vesicle inserts more VP1 N-termini into the cell membrane.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nWhile the mechanism by which poliovirus enters the CNS remains undefined, research suggests two possible routes: passage through the blood-brain barrier and transport through neural pathways. Antiviral antibodies given intravenously to mice prevents infection of the brain and spinal cord suggesting that the resulting viremia plays a role in paralytic cases", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nIn addition, the virus has been shown to travel up nerve cells exceeding 12 cm a day, and the molecular mechanism is thought to involve Tctex-1, a part of the retrograde motor complex. Upon entry into the cell, the vesicle containing the virus particle is thought to be connected to Tctex-1 by the cytoplasmic domain of CD155. This interaction allows the vesicle to be transported toward the cell body of the neuron where the RNA genome is released for replication", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nThe process is repeated through each nerve cell to allow the virus to gradually progress toward the spinal cord and then the brain.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nPoliovirus infection causes a wide range of symptoms depending partly on how far the infection progresses. About 93 percent of infections are asymptomatic, but infected persons still shed the virus in their stool allowing the virus to infect others.\nMinor illness associated with poliovirus", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nAbortive poliomyelitis constitutes up to 5 percent of infections and presents itself with symptoms ranging from fever to gastrointestinal symptoms up to a week. Considering the common set of symptoms, abortive poliomyelitis cannot be distinguished from other viral infections.\nStiffness in muscles of the back and legs is associated with non-paralytic poliomyelitis and occurs in 1 to 2 percent of infections. As with all of the aforementioned syndromes, complete recover follows between one to two weeks.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nParalytic poliomyelitis, occurring in about 1 percent of infections, accounts for the flaccid paralysis for which poliovirus is well-known. Paralytic symptoms manifest themselves anywhere from one to ten days after symptoms of the minor illness appear. Muscle pain and loss of superficial reflexes can accompany the progression of the paralysis, which typically affects the lower limbs", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nNerves controlling the diaphragm can deteriorate upon infection leaving the patient unable to breath without mechanical assistance, historically in the form of an iron lung. Many infected persons recover most motor function after the infection has passed, but paralysis remaining after one year becomes permanent.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nParalytic poliomyelitis comes in three categories: spinal, bulbar and bulbospinal, a mixture of the two. Spinal polio accounts for 79 percent of paralytic cases and constitutes the progression of flaccid paralysis previously described and involves invasion of grey matter in the spinal cord. The resulting destruction of anterior horn cells leaves muscle fibers without a way to receive motor nerve signals from the brain", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nIn two percent of paralytic cases, infection damages cranial nerves and the reticular formation in the brain stem resulting in a variety of problems: inability to spit, dysphagia, dysphonia, difficulty in chewing and regurgitation of food. Known as bulbar polio, the extensive brain damage contributes to the mortality associated with this category of infection. The remaining 19 percent of paralytic cases are considered to be bulbarspinal polio and result from infection of the upper cervical spinal cord", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nCell necrosis in this area damages the phrenic nerve controlling the diaphragm thus leaving the patient unable to breathe on his or her own.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nClusters of symptoms observed anywhere between 7 to 71 years after an initial poliovirus infection have been described in those who survive paralytic poliomyelitis. Collectively termed \u201cPost-Polio Syndrome,\u201d the symptoms include many of the same symptoms viewed in acute polio infection such as increased muscle pain, general fatigue, and loss of function unrelated to other medical conditions", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nSince some such symptoms can be common for aging patients, there is some disagreement about the definition of PPS as a separate health problem.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nOne of the more serious complications of post-polio syndrome is the emergence of respiratory problems that affect a person\u2019s ability to clear mucosal secretions and contribute to the sleep apneas observed in people with post-polio syndrome.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nSince little can be done to prevent the progress of the virus upon infection, diagnosis usually provides little benefit to the patient. Furthermore, more than 95 percent of infections are either asymptomatic or indistinguishable from other viral infections, so a majority of cases are never diagnosed.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nLaboratory diagnosis includes isolation of the virus and serotyping. If the virus is isolated from a patient exhibiting paralytic symptoms, PCR will be run to determine if the virus is of the wild-type or originated from an attenuated virus found in the polio vaccine. Determining the origin is of importance to public health organizations since one case of the wild-type virus can imply that up to 3000 asymptomatic carriers are still shedding the virus.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nA patient with paralysis of the diaphragm due to polio encased in an iron lung. From: CDC [3]\nThere was a tremendous psychological element at work in all of us in our relationship to the lung. The metal respirator assumed an almost animate personality and became a symbol of protection and security\u2026. We were incomplete embryos in a metal womb.\nLarry Alexander, 1954", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nNo cure exists for poliomyelitis, and treatment is focused on counteracting symptoms during the infection and throughout recovery. A principal concern of physicians is the atrophy of muscles in patients with residual paralysis. Historically, surgical intervention and the use of braces and body casts were believed to facilitate muscle recover but rarely proved to be beneficial", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nCountering the focus on resting paralyzed muscles, Australian nurse Sister Sarah Kelley advocated a form of physical therapy in 1940 that sought to relieve muscle pain and spasms and strengthen muscle tissue unaffected by the disease. The nurse\u2019s regimen is still in use today to treat patients affected by paralytic polio.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nSpecialized intervention is required when bulbar polio damages the phrenic nerve, which innervates the diaphragm, and significantly affects a patient\u2019s ability to breathe. This life-threatening complication prompted research scientists in the 1920s to research resuscitation techniques leading to the emergence of a negative-pressure ventilator that would come to be known as the iron lung", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nPhillip Drinker and Louis Agassiz Shaw showed that pressure could be controlled in a closed container to induce inhalation and exhalation in a cat whose diaphragm had been paralyzed with South American arrow-poison curare. Drinker and Shaw\u2019s research led them to modify their design to accommodate a wide range of patients while addressing the problems of earlier resuscitation techniques", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nThe 1929 Drinker respirator consisted of a cylindrical, metal tank, which encased the patient, and a rubber gasket that provided a seal around the patient\u2019s neck in order to maintain internal pressure. Improvements to the design cut the price in half to about $1,500, and by 1959, 1,200 tanks were in use in the United States. Treatment for respitoray failure has vastly improved since the creation of the iron lung, but 40 of the respirators were still in use as of 2004.", "Poliomyelitis - microbewiki\nHost Immune Response\nCreated by Jake Morgan, student of Tyrrell Conway at the University of Oklahoma.\nRetrieved from \"https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Poliomyelitis&oldid=90861\"\nUncurated Pages"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://research.a-star.edu.sg/articles/highlights/pressing-pause-on-dna-damage/

Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research

["Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nA protein called DUN1 has been shown to be important in the cell's response to DNA damage.\n\u00a9 NCATS / Flickr\nThroughout a cell\u2019s lifespan, the integrity of its DNA is challenged by exposure to genotoxic agents such as radiation or toxic chemicals in the environment. The cumulative DNA damage is thought to underlie the development of cancer and other genetic diseases.", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nFortunately, our cells have evolved a DNA damage response, or DDR, to correct genetic damage before it is passed on to future generations. In actively dividing cells, halting the cell cycle is the first major consequence of DDR activation, allowing the repair process to take place before chromosomes are segregated into daughter cells.", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nTo understand the role of key proteins in the DNA damage response, a team of researchers led by Uttam Surana, a Research Director at A*STAR\u2019s Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), in collaboration with Hong Hwa Lim, a Principal Scientist at A*STAR\u2019s Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI) and IMCB, decided to study Dun1, a protein known for its role in \u2018switching on\u2019 genes that repair damaged DNA.", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\n\u201cEarlier reports suggested that Dun1\u2019s role in the DNA damage response is through the transcription regulation of repair genes. Our study shows that Dun1 plays another critical role in maintaining checkpoint arrest and preventing the segregation of damaged chromosomes into the daughter cells,\u201d Surana said.", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nDun1\u2019s additional important role in the DNA damage response has to do with the role it plays in a surveillance mechanism called checkpoint control, which immediately \u2018pauses\u2019 or arrests the cell cycle to enable DNA repair before cell division can resume.", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nSurana and his team found that Dun1 arrests the cell cycle when DNA damage is detected by indirectly preventing the separation of duplicated chromosomes and their partitioning into the daughter cells. Dun 1 does this by inhibiting the activity of an ubiquitin ligase protein called Rsp5, thus preventing the degradation of securin and allowing it to continue to inhibit the separation of damaged chromosomes until they are repaired.", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nThese findings were made in yeast, where the genes and proteins involved in regulating the cell cycle and checkpoint control were first discovered, and have since been found to be evolutionarily conserved in humans. The equivalent of securin in yeast, for example, is Pds1.", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nIn the future, Surana wants to examine these DDR pathways in human cells and bridge these pathways with their role in cancer. \u201cWe hope to extend our findings to human cancer cells with deregulated cell cycle dynamics, where cells continue to proliferate despite the presence of genomic instability,\u201d he said.", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nThe A*STAR-affiliated researchers contributing to this research are from the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), the Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI) and Biotransformation Innovation Platform.\nWant to stay up to date with breakthroughs from A*STAR? Follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn!\ncancer cell cycle yeast BioTransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI)", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nYam, C.Q.X., Chia, DB., Shi, I., Lim, H.H., Surana, U. Dun1, a Chk2-related kinase, is the central regulator of securin-separase dynamics during DNA damage signalling. Nucleic Acids Research 48, 6092\u20136107 (2020) | article\nUttam Surana", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nUttam Surana received a PhD degree in 1986 from the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at the University of Arizona, US. After research stints at the University of Cambridge, UK, and the Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna, Austria, Surana joined IMCB in 1992 where he is a Research Director", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nHe is also an Adjunct Professor at A*STAR's Bioprocessing Technology Institute, the Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore. For his outstanding contributions to the understanding of control circuits that regulate cell division, Surana was awarded Singapore\u2019s National Science Award in 2007.", "Pressing pause on DNA damage - A*STAR Research\nThis article was made for A*STAR Research by Wildtype Media Group\nAccelerating malaria drug discovery\nA new method of identifying drug targets in the malaria parasite P. falciparum could find broad applications in other fields of biology.\nAssuring asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers are identified\nA*STAR researchers have developed a point-of-care rapid antibody test kit that can detect antibodies produced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in just fifteen minutes."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.bowdoin.edu/covid-19/messages/03-11-2020.html

March 11, 2020 — COVID-19 Important Update To the Bowdoin community, The resilience, kindness, and selflessness of our community have allowed us to rally through many difficult moments. This is another such moment—for Bowdoin, for the country, and for the

[" world\u2014one where we will again rely on these great strengths of character.", "\nThe COVID-19 outbreak represents an unprecedented health crisis and is creating challenges for every aspect of our society. While there are no known cases of COVID-19 in Maine or among Bowdoin students, faculty, or staff, there is significant risk that, due to the highly contagious nature of this virus and the susceptibility of communal campus life, it is only a matter of time before it finds its way here.", "\nOur top priority is to protect those on our campus who are most at risk from COVID-19\u2014those with underlying health conditions that make them more vulnerable to severe illness from the virus\u2014as well as the health of the general Bowdoin community. It is also essential that we ensure the continuity of learning and teaching so that all students can complete the semester for academic credit", "\nAs we contemplated the return of students, faculty, and staff to campus after spring break, we realized that we do not have the ability to facilitate the recommended \u201csocial distancing\u201d for all in-person interactions or to manage the required isolation of the number of students who are very likely to have been exposed to the virus while away", "\nThere is a distinct possibility that if we were to have to isolate a large number of students (and faculty and staff), it could create a level of strain on our capabilities that could require us to close before the end of the academic year and put at risk the ability of students to successfully complete their coursework.", "\nIn light of this, we will need to complete the spring semester through remote learning, and students will not be permitted to return to campus from spring break. I know this is a distressing decision for everyone and will present substantial challenges for faculty, staff, and students. While it is quite unlikely given all we know, if the crisis resolves itself in the near term, we will reevaluate whether students might return to campus.", "\nI am particularly pained for our seniors. These last few weeks on campus were to be a remarkable, wonderful, and fun capstone to your four years at Bowdoin. This extraordinary circumstance and necessary decision preclude the opportunity to finish out your time as students at Bowdoin in the best possible way. I am sorry that there was not another way to manage this crisis.", "\nWe are a community that thrives on the personal interaction that is at the center of a Bowdoin education, and I have no illusions that switching to a remote-learning environment will replicate the experience of being on campus together. It is, however, the only way we can both confidently protect the health and safety of our community and allow our students to complete the semester with the least disruption possible in what is an extraordinary, very complicated, and uncertain situation.", "\nWhile many details are still in development, the following is an overview of key decisions and changes:\nThe College is not closed. We remain open and focused on our central mission of teaching, learning, and creative and scholarly work.\nStaff will continue to work their full scheduled hours and receive regular pay.\nFor the time being, we are requesting that faculty and staff refrain from College- sponsored international or domestic travel.", "\nAdmissions tours and information sessions are cancelled for the remainder of the semester.\nContinuity of Instruction\nClasses will not be held on Monday, March 23, or Tuesday, March 24, so that faculty and staff will have sufficient time to enable the best possible remote-learning experience under these challenging circumstances. Classes will resume, remotely, on Wednesday, March 25. Faculty will be in touch with their students before classes resume.", "\nThe offices for academic affairs and information technology have been at work creating a plan and organizing resources and support to help faculty adapt their courses to a distance learning format.", "\nAll students who are currently on campus for spring break will be expected to vacate their rooms by 5:00 p.m. on Wednesday, March 18. For students who are currently off campus, there will be opportunities to return to campus to collect your belongings or make other arrangements to get essential items necessary to complete the remainder of the semester.", "\nAn email will be sent directly to students, no later than 12:00 p.m. today, with additional information and a link to a detailed FAQ. Student affairs personnel will operate a help line beginning this afternoon to answer questions.", "\nWe are ending spring athletics, both practices and competition, beginning Saturday, March 14. The NESCAC presidents met and concluded unanimously that conference competition, including championships, will be cancelled for the 2020 spring season. Winter sport athletes competing in national championships will be permitted to participate, although, as previously announced, spectators will not be permitted in Morrell Gym for the women\u2019s basketball NCAA sectional round this weekend.", "\nUntil further notice, we will restrict any gatherings on campus to fewer than one hundred (100) people.\nBecause of our concerns around COVID-19, and in order to ensure that our essential work can continue, as of Monday, March 16, we will\u2014for now\u2014restrict access to College facilities to students permitted to remain on campus, and to faculty and staff, including those with emeritus status.", "\nOne of the two dining halls, Jack Magee\u2019s Grill, the Smith Union Caf\u00e9, and the Buck fitness center will remain open on their regular schedules.\nWe will be sending more information and developing detailed FAQs in the days to come. We appreciate your patience and support as we work through all of the implications of this shift to a remote teaching and learning environment.", "\nI will hold three live-streamed virtual \u201ctown hall meetings\u201d on Thursday, March 12\u2014one for students, one for faculty, and one for staff\u2014to provide you with an opportunity to ask your questions. You will receive an email tomorrow with further details about how to participate in the town halls, when they will occur, and how to email any questions that you would like addressed.", "\nWe are all saddened by the need for this drastic measure and for the impact it will have on our entire campus community. I know that this decision poses significant challenges for everyone, and I am committed to providing the support and tools necessary to deliver the best learning experience possible under these unprecedented circumstances.", "\nThank you for your patience and the work you will do as we manage this extraordinary and evolving situation. Our community is strong, caring, and resilient. Working together, as we always do, will allow us to meet this challenge and ensure the health and safety of our community and a successful completion of the semester.\nMessages from President Rose\nMessages for Students and Families\nMessages for Faculty and Staff"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://platform.pandagirl.io/collections/add8d07ec27478ff63bbc425674314aa

"Mizuki the Bloodthirsty: Half-Blood Pandagirl and Demon in Old Japan"

["Mizuki the Bloodthirsty: Half-Blood Pandagirl and Demon in Old Japan\nMizuki is a half-blood. She is half Pandagirl and half demon. Even as a child, Mizuki was considered a monster by the people of ancient Japan and was shunned. As she grew older, her demonic abilities grew as well, which is why she was persecuted and constantly attacked by the landlords of ancient Japan. She was given the name Mizuki the Bloodthirsty because no one could harm her. Actually, her greatest wish is to live together with the people in peace and to form friendships", "Mizuki the Bloodthirsty: Half-Blood Pandagirl and Demon in Old Japan\nYou are about to place a bid for Mizuki, Mizuki is a half-blood. She is half Pandagirl and half demon. Even as a child, Mizuki was considered a monster by the people of ancient Japan and was shunned. As she grew older, her demonic abilities grew as well, which is why she was persecuted and constantly attacked by the landlords of ancient Japan. She was given the name Mizuki the Bloodthirsty because no one could harm her", "Mizuki the Bloodthirsty: Half-Blood Pandagirl and Demon in Old Japan\nActually, her greatest wish is to live together with the people in peace and to form friendships. But the humans gave her no choice but to fight against them to protect her own life. by 0xDDAD61e...FA98", "Mizuki the Bloodthirsty: Half-Blood Pandagirl and Demon in Old Japan\nYou are about to purchase Mizuki, Mizuki is a half-blood. She is half Pandagirl and half demon. Even as a child, Mizuki was considered a monster by the people of ancient Japan and was shunned. As she grew older, her demonic abilities grew as well, which is why she was persecuted and constantly attacked by the landlords of ancient Japan. She was given the name Mizuki the Bloodthirsty because no one could harm her", "Mizuki the Bloodthirsty: Half-Blood Pandagirl and Demon in Old Japan\nActually, her greatest wish is to live together with the people in peace and to form friendships. But the humans gave her no choice but to fight against them to protect her own life. from 0xDDAD61e...FA98"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.kawc.org/npr-news/2021-08-11/in-barely-a-year-gov-cuomo-went-from-a-pandemic-hero-to-a-political-pariah

In Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah

["In Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah\nIn Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah\nBy Karen DeWitt,\nPublished August 11, 2021 at 3:13 AM MST\nJeenah Moon\nNew York Gov. Andrew Cuomo announced his resignation, effective in two weeks, after N.Y. Attorney General Letitia James detailed the sexual allegations against him in a report.", "In Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah\nIn the space of just over a year, N.Y. Gov. Andrew Cuomo went from a pandemic \"hero,\" watched daily by millions of people, to a flattened politician under intense pressure to step down after 11 women came forward to accuse him of unwelcome touching and inappropriate comments.\nThe Democrat tried to hang on amid an intensifying scandal until N.Y. Attorney General Letitia James released an exhaustive report detailing the allegations of sexual harassment.", "In Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah\nJames' investigation brought down the governor less than a year after he won an Emmy Award for his famous coronavirus briefings \u2014 an anchor for many people locked down in their homes in the spring of 2020. His prominence in politics, though, began decades before that.\nA political scion\nCuomo was born into politics, the son of the late liberal icon Mario Cuomo, who was elected governor of New York for three terms in the 1980s and 1990s.", "In Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah\nAndrew Cuomo ran his father's successful first campaign for governor, also serving as the \"hatchet man\" and earning the nickname \"the prince of darkness.\"\nCuomo went on to become the secretary of housing and urban development under President Bill Clinton.\nIn 1990, he married Kerry Kennedy, the daughter of Robert F. Kennedy, and the couple had three daughters. In 2003, he and Kerry Kennedy Cuomo separated. Their messy divorce attracted tabloid headlines.", "In Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah\nIn 2002, with his father long out of office, Cuomo launched a primary challenge for governor, but his timing was off. He ran against the Democratic favorite, State Comptroller Carl McCall, who hoped to become the state's first Black major-party nominee for governor. Cuomo, trailing badly in the polls, dropped out of the race days before the primary.", "In Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah\nBut he launched a comeback. After Democratic Gov. Eliot Spitzer resigned in a scandal that involved patronizing prostitutes, the path was clear for Cuomo to win the job in 2010.\nAccomplishments and condemnation\nAs governor, Cuomo became known for his hard-charging, sometimes bullying, management style. At first, many in the political world were willing to live with an unrelenting leader if it meant an end to years of dysfunction and chronically late state budgets.", "In Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah\nCuomo enacted same-sex marriage laws in 2011, putting New York at the forefront of the issue. He banned hydrofracking, enacted a $15 minimum wage and put in a property tax cap.\nEventually, though, his tactics earned him enemies, even within his party. By the time his fortunes began to turn, Cuomo found himself with few defenders.\nIn January, Letitia James' office found that Cuomo had undercounted COVID-19 deaths at nursing homes by 50% and suppressed those numbers for months.", "In Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah\nDemocratic Assemblyman Ron Kim, who lost his uncle to the coronavirus in a nursing home, was the first to publicly rebel against Cuomo's blunt tactics. Kim told several media outlets, including ABC's The View, that Cuomo threatened to \"destroy\" him if Kim did not stop his criticisms of the state's nursing home policies.\n\"Cuomo is an abuser,\" Kim said on the show. \"He has abused his powers. And abusers are cowards.\"\nCuomo has denied he threatened Kim and has, in turn, accused the legislator of corruption.", "In Barely A Year, Gov. Cuomo Went From A Pandemic Hero To A Political Pariah\nThen came the accusations of sexual harassment from multiple women and the last straw \u2014 James' damaging report. That's when Cuomo found himself facing major troubles, alone and out of political options.\nKaren DeWitt is Capitol Bureau Chief for New York State Public Radio, a network of 10 public radio stations in New York State. WBFO listeners are accustomed to hearing DeWitt\u2019s insightful coverage throughout the day, including expanded reports on Morning Edition."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.ipl.org/essay/How-Did-Leo-Tolstoys-Impact-On-Russia-FJJJPFPTZT

Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia

["Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nArticle Two in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted by Russia in 1993, states \u201cMan, his rights and freedoms shall be the supreme value\u201d (\u201cConstitution\u201d). In the 1800s, however, this statement would have only applied to noblemen and their superiors. Even those noblemen, however, served the Russian Emperor, an absolute ruler. What changed Russia\u2019s administrative system, giving more power to the people in the 1990s than in previous years", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\n? Incredibly, Leo Tolstoy, one of Russia\u2019s most famous writers, greatly impacted how Russians viewed government and life in general. At a time in Russian history when life seemed to fall apart for many low-class Russians, Tolstoy addressed the problems with Russian society, using a completely new style in his literature at the same time.", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nRussia in the 1800s seemed like an out-of-place, backward nation relative to the rest of Europe. Beginning in the late 1700s, nearly all of Europe, excluding Russia, began leaning toward liberal views of\u2026show more content\u2026", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nThis impacted him greatly, and because of its effect he attempted to reconcile himself with the serfs. However, the remembrance of his aristocratic bearing may have had an equal, if not greater, impression. Not only did Tolstoy realize Russian government leaned too heavily on autocracy, he also saw Russia founded society on selfish living. His writing reflects this recognition", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nFor example, in his book The Death of Ivan Ilyich, the main character, an aristocratic court official on his deathbed, ponders the meaning of life. Finally he realizes he has lived a selfish life, caring only about his success and pleasure. In addition, he sees the rest of society living as he has, living \u201ca terrible, huge fraud concealing both life and death\u201d (Death of Ivan Ilyich 105). Tolstoy persistently addressed this deep flaw of human character produced in Russian society throughout his", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nIn the 17th century, Russia was considered as a backwards and barbaric country in the eyes of the major powers of Europe. In 1696, Peter Alekseyevich Romanov took reign over the Russian culture. During his time as ruler, he improved most aspects to the way of life for the Russian culture. Peter Alekseyevich Romanov, also well known as Peter The Great, ruled the Russian culture from 1696 to 1726. During his reign, Peter wanted to do many things to change the way of life of Russian culture.", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nVladimir Putin Ethical Leadership\nConsidering the needless suffering caused by Putin\u2019s actions, decisions, and behaviors, I strive to be an ethical leader, considering the diversity of the airmen within my own sphere of\nWhat Are The Four Types Of Dictatorship", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nOne part of society thinks that his style of leadership is dictatorship because of his manner of ruling, however the other part believes that he is a participative leader as he is elected in a democratic way. (Jeremy Kinsman, 2013) What if there is a mixed leadership styles which are not created yet? This essay attempt to create a new \u201chidden\u201d type of\nHamlet And Masculinity In Hamlet, By William Shakespeare", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nHamlet and Masculinity What defines society\u2019s portrait of a man? Perhaps it is his fighting skill, his ability to lead, or his valiency. Within the play by William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Hamlet is a prince who struggles with his father\u2019s death and lacks any sense of responsibility. He spends the whole play making excuses and never facing his problems head on.\nMetaphor In Macbeth Speech", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nWhen Macbeth was thinking about Duncan as a king, he realized: \u201cBesides, this Duncan/ Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been/ So clear in his great office, that his virtues/ Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued, against/ The deep damnation of his taking-off.\u201d (1.7.16-19) This quote stated his concerns of how he will be treated by people after the murder. He is battling his ambition with his morals.\nWuthering Heights Title Analysis", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nMotivated by his love for catherine and his single-minded desire for revenge against the people of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange The conflict ends with the death of Heathcliff, as the two surviving characters (Hareton and Cathy) attempt to move on from the destruction Hareton\u2019s adopted father (and Cathy\u2019s father-in-law) caused, and do what he could never do (live with the love of his life)", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nHeathcliff\u2019s love and passion for Catherine leads to most of the novel\u2019s events, reinforcing the novel\u2019s themes of extreme passions leading to an extreme", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nOld King Hamlet's ghost describes his death in Act I, Scene 5 of Hamlet by relating what really happened to him. King Hamlet\u2019s ghost tells Hamlet that he died by his brother\u2019s hand, which is treachery at its finest. He deprived the King of his life, his queen, his crown, and his kingdom. This haunts him greatly and Claudius\u2019 murderous actions are responsible for this, as he cut the King\u2019s life short when he still had things to resolve in his life", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nMeanwhile, he wandered that all humans were capable of suicide, but they chose to bare the cruelty, pain of the world, instead of suiciding themselves. This essay aims to analyze the reason human beings chose to live by analyzing the texts morally, religiously, and aesthetically. Hamlet thought his life was so miserable to accept, so he wanted release", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\n\u201cO, that this too too solid flesh would melt\u201d (I.ii 129-158) was emerged after he was not able to leave Denmark and forced to live with his remarried mother and his disgust step-father (his", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\n\u201cA man will commit almost any wrong\u2014he will heap up an immense pile of wickedness, as hard as granite, and which will weigh heavily upon his soul, to eternal ages\u2014only to build a great, gloomy, dark-chambered mansion, for himself to die in, and for his posterity to be miserable in", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nHe lays his own dead corpse beneath the underpinning, as one may say, and hangs his frowning picture on the wall, and, after thus converting himself into an Evil Destiny, expects his remotest great-grandchildren to be happy there!\u201d (Hawthorne 226). Man\u2019s greed is so inherently engrained in the being that man would be in charge of his own unhappiness. The fall of man is the original sin of greed.", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nHamlet Violence Analysis\nAt this point in the story, readers begin to infer on who is going to live and who is going to die. In the end, everyone but Hamlet\u2019s best man, Horatio, lives. This act of violence began the tragedy of this story. As a whole, this story is full of pain, disappointment, and lack of trust. Hamlet trusted no one and it got him far, but not far enough.\nPeter The Great Essay", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nAnother implementation was the pushing of Russian Elite to imitate European fashions to conform to western styles. And to out an end to the seclusion of higher class Russian women, Peter required officials to have their wives accompany them to social gatherings at the capital, as well as directing nobles to educate their children. The difference of the modernization of Russia and Europe came with the rise of Peter the Great", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nRussia was no longer vied as a backward nation suck in medieval times, but as a dominant player in the balance of power in Europe. Peter buried himself into learning and acquiring skills in blacksmithing, shipbuilding, and war arts, which assisted in the building of Russia\u2019s first Navy, which modernized the field of Naval power.", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nHow Did Peter The Great Strengthen Russia\nPeter made sure that people followed his reforms and his agenda for Russia by making decrees to follow such as cultural decrees that taxed people who did not conform to the new ways like a decree that taxed upperclassmen who did not dress in a European style. There were some revolts and some violence caused by these oppositions but Peter eventually stopped all of them and overall his reforms in Russia were a\nHow Did Alexander II Modernize Russia", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nThe zemstvo (local government) reform was placed in early 1864, it introduced an electoral self- governing body that would be elected from all class groups. Overall, the basic points of the zemstvo reform was electivity, representation of all classes and self government. The second reform, judicial reform was placed in late 1864. Previous to the judicial reform, Russia had an awful judicial system that contained corruption, backlogged cases, unbalanced power, etc", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nHow Did Peter The Great Modernize Russia\nReforms can be beneficial or detrimental an emerging empire. During his reign, Peter the Great implemented many reforms that expedited the Europeanization of Europe. Many of these reforms were viewed as negative by society and many were against them. However, most of them did what was intended to help modernize Russia. With his newfound knowledge of city-building, he built the city of St. Petersburg, which Shaw 6 became the new capitol of Russia.", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nWorld War I altered the lives of millions of people in one way or another, even if they were not fighting on the front lines. The citizens of European countries involved in the war saw and felt the economic, social, and political repercussions of war. The war was started due to militarism, an entangled web of alliances, strong senses of nationalism, imperialism, and the assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand", "Leo Tolstoy's Influence on Russia\nIn the early years of the war, the battles were glorified throughout most of Europe, while in the later years of the war, the people at home were tried of the negative effects of the war consuming their own lives; throughout Russia, however, there was a negative rhetoric from the beginning of the war. Europe was war-hungry"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://maryhatch.com/the-ancestors-notes/

The Ancestors - A Journey Through Life's Passages

["The Ancestors - A Journey Through Life's Passages\nA young man stands in the midst of chaos. Pictures of his ancestors hang on the wall and his childhood swirls at his feet. On the edge of maturity, his past is disappearing and the future is uncertain. \u201cThe Ancestors\u201d is about this passage and all such passages in life.", "The Ancestors - A Journey Through Life's Passages\nThe early stages of this painting coincided with a beautiful and poignant movie titled \u201cThe Last Emperor\u201d. The film tells the story of the young emperor of China whose protected and orderly world irrevocably changes after a revolution. Suddenly, he must become an ordinary citizen in a time excruciatingly different from his past and we see his anguished journey through a maze of unfamiliar choices.", "The Ancestors - A Journey Through Life's Passages\nThe color and lush oriental beauty of palace life, in the film, reminded me of my Japanese kimono. It is made from crimson silk and patterned with white floating flowers, which eventually found their way into the painting. The result is a confusion of flowers joined by toys that move about the hesitant figure, like thoughts and feelings, as he contemplates his future.\n\"The Ancestors\", oil on canvas, 36\" x 40\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://sanskarusa.org/gods.aspx

Hindu Deities: Radha and Krishna, Ganesha, Lord Hanuman, Shiva and his Wives

["Hindu Deities: Radha and Krishna, Ganesha, Lord Hanuman, Shiva and his Wives\nThe relationship of Radha and Krishna is the personification of love, passion, and devotion. Radha\u2019s love for Krishna symbolizes the soul\u2019s intense longing and willingness for the ultimate unification with God. She is the undivided form of Shri Krishna. Shri Krishna is not only the ultimate object of all love, but also is the topmost enjoyer of all loving relationships. He has unlimited desires to enjoy spitural loving relationships of pastimes, known as leela", "Hindu Deities: Radha and Krishna, Ganesha, Lord Hanuman, Shiva and his Wives\nGanesha is one of the most popular deities in the Hinduism. He is closely associated with the daily lives of millions of Hindus each day. He is known to be the remover of obstacles he is propitiated before the beginning of any new venture. He is also known as the god of wisdom and prudence. Ganesha\u2019s physical characteristic of the elephant head makes him easy to identify. His parents are Shiv and Parvati. He is honored at the beginning of rituals and ceremonies to prevent any obstacles.", "Hindu Deities: Radha and Krishna, Ganesha, Lord Hanuman, Shiva and his Wives\nLord Hanuman was greatly devoted to Lord Rama. A particular incident was when Sita put sindoor on her forehead, Hanuman asked her why. To this, she replied that since she is the wife and companion of Lord Rama, the sindoor was a sign of her unconditional love and respect. Hanuman then covered his entire body with sindoor to prove his love for Lord Rama", "Hindu Deities: Radha and Krishna, Ganesha, Lord Hanuman, Shiva and his Wives\nLord Rama was really impressed by this and granted a boon that those who worshiped Lord Hanuman in the future with sindoor would see all their difficulties go away.", "Hindu Deities: Radha and Krishna, Ganesha, Lord Hanuman, Shiva and his Wives\nShiva has many wives, which are the symbols of feminine power, also known as sakti. They are well known and also worshiped. There are four of his wives that stand out the most.\nTheir names are - Parvati, Uma, Durga, and Kali. Each of the four goddesses stand for something important in life. Parvati, who has beauty and youth, is the goddess of love and romance. She is also known to be the mother of Ganesha. It is to be known that Shiva was to kill Ganesha, however he ended up adopting him as his own.", "Hindu Deities: Radha and Krishna, Ganesha, Lord Hanuman, Shiva and his Wives\nAnother of Shiva's wives, Umma, is the goddess of motherhood. She is seen to be kind, caring, and sweetnatured. Durga, is the goddess of justice. She is seen as a strong, courageous woman who is determined to reestablish justice.\nUmiya Mataji\nUmiya Mata is the deity worshipped by lakhs of Kadva Patidars spread across the world. She is the consort of the Mighty Shivashankar and the daughter of Parvatraj Dakhsa. She is the supreme power \u2018Shakti\u2019 and is also the mother of the Ganesha.", "Hindu Deities: Radha and Krishna, Ganesha, Lord Hanuman, Shiva and his Wives\nThe word Umiya is derived from the word Uma, meaning mother. She sits in the main temple of Unjha and is worshipped by her sons and daughters across Gujarat and World. She is worshipped in various forms, the most popular form is of \u201cParvati\u201d and she is also known as Nav Chandi or Nav Durga due to the nine forms popularly worshipped.\nRam-Lakshaman", "Hindu Deities: Radha and Krishna, Ganesha, Lord Hanuman, Shiva and his Wives\nBefore Ram and his brothers were born, King Dashratha and his first wife Kaushalya had a daughter named Shanta. Kaushalya\u2019s elder sister Vershini and her husband Raja Rompad (who was a great friend of Raja Dashratha as they studied in same Ashram) had no offspring. Once, when Vershini was in Ayodhya, she joked around asking for a child, to which Dashratha promised her she can adopt his daughter, Shanta. As the promise of \u2018Raghukul\u2019 had to be kept, Shanta was adopted by Raja Rompad, the king of Angdesh."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://dailycampus.com/2018/10/15/2018-10-15-this-week-in-history/

"This Week in History: Napoleon's Exile, Mandela and de Klerk's Nobel Prize, and John Brown's Raid"

["This Week in History: Napoleon's Exile, Mandela and de Klerk's Nobel Prize, and John Brown's Raid\nHome Life This week in history\nOn Oct. 15, 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte arrived on the remote island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean to begin his second exile from France. (the lost gallery/Flickr Creative Commons)\nOver the coming days we will see the anniversaries of several important events that helped shape the world we live in. Here is a quick rundown of this week in history.", "This Week in History: Napoleon's Exile, Mandela and de Klerk's Nobel Prize, and John Brown's Raid\nOn Oct. 15, 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte arrived on the remote island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean to begin his second exile from France. Napoleon was previously imprisoned on the small island of Elba in the Mediterranean Sea, but he managed to escape and return to lead his armies across Europe once again", "This Week in History: Napoleon's Exile, Mandela and de Klerk's Nobel Prize, and John Brown's Raid\nThe period of time from his escape and restoration of the French monarch King Louis XVIII was known as the Hundred Days, and he was finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo at the hands of the Duke of Wellington. The French government could not afford to have Napoleon executed, as it would only make him a martyr and rally public support to his side. Their only option was to banish him to the distant island of St. Helena, where he would stay until his death in 1821.", "This Week in History: Napoleon's Exile, Mandela and de Klerk's Nobel Prize, and John Brown's Raid\nOn the same day in 1993, South African President F.W. de Klerk and African National Conference Leader Nelson Mandela were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to end apartheid in South Africa. Mandela spent 27 years in jail for his involvement in a militant group in the 1960s and was convicted on charges of conspiracy. After his release, he worked closely with government leaders to ease racial tensions and foster reconciliation", "This Week in History: Napoleon's Exile, Mandela and de Klerk's Nobel Prize, and John Brown's Raid\nIn 1994, he became the first person under the new constitution to be elected president and served in that role until 1999. He spent the rest of his life involved in advocacy and foreign affairs work and passed away in 2013.", "This Week in History: Napoleon's Exile, Mandela and de Klerk's Nobel Prize, and John Brown's Raid\nOn Oct. 16, 1859, abolitionist John Brown led his guerilla raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia with the aim of starting a slave rebellion. There was a large armory located at Harpers Ferry and combined with the weapons and ammunition he had personally bought, Brown intended to arm any man that came to his cause and fight against the institution of slavery in the south. Only a few supporters joined him and the 19 abolitionists were quickly surrounded by thousands of militia", "This Week in History: Napoleon's Exile, Mandela and de Klerk's Nobel Prize, and John Brown's Raid\nAfter a bitter 36 hours of fighting, John Brown was captured and most of his men were killed, including his son. He stood trial for murder and treason and was sentenced to death. News of this raid gripped the nation, and helped push the country closer to all out war. Brown was executed by hanging on Dec. 2 of the same year, and the list of people who stood as witnesses that would play their own part in history in the coming years included Robert E", "This Week in History: Napoleon's Exile, Mandela and de Klerk's Nobel Prize, and John Brown's Raid\nLastly, on Oct. 18, 1469, Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile, effectively bringing all of Spain under one rule. Their marriage would see Spain become the leading power in Europe and they expanded Christianity throughout their lands, as well as founded the Spanish Inquisition. Immensely important in world history, they were also responsible for sponsoring Christopher Columbus\u2019 expedition in 1492 and helped begin the new age of exploration.", "This Week in History: Napoleon's Exile, Mandela and de Klerk's Nobel Prize, and John Brown's Raid\nSeamus McKeever is a campus correspondent for The Daily Campus. He can be reached via email at [email protected].\nPrevious articleNetflix to take Narnia to the small screen\nNext articleFeatures by Drake, 21 Savage, and Lil Baby outshine Quavo on his own album\nA wee bit of St. Patrick\u2019s Day trivia\nThis Week In History: Feb. 28 \u2013 Mar. 6"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://texashistory.unt.edu/explore/partners/FPL/browse/?fq=untl_collection%3ATDNP&fq=str_month%3A07_jul&display=list

Search Results - - 25 Results - The Portal to Texas History

["Search Results - - 25 Results - The Portal to Texas History\nferris public library\nFerris Public Library - 12 Matching Results\nYears 3 Days 12\nPartner: Ferris Public Library Collection: Texas Digital Newspaper Program Month: July Clear All Filters\nThe Ferris Wheel, Volume 4, Number 42, Saturday, July 3, 1897\nDescription: Weekly newspaper contains local, national and world news, stories, poetry, jokes, church directory, and advertisements. This issue includes a poem \"The American Flag\", and excerpts from a letter by John Adams to his wife, dated July 3, 1776.--[p.3]", "Search Results - - 25 Results - The Portal to Texas History\nCreator: Ezzell, Frank\nThe Ferris Wheel, Volume 4, Number 43, Saturday, July 10, 1897\nDescription: Weekly newspaper contains local, national and world news, stories, poetry, jokes, church directory, and advertisements.\nThe Ferris Wheel, Volume 5, Number 45, Saturday, July 16 , 1898\nDescription: Weekly newspaper contains local, national and world news, stories, poetry, jokes, church directory, and advertisements. Included in this issue are war updates.--[p1,2,3,4]", "Search Results - - 25 Results - The Portal to Texas History\nDescription: Weekly newspaper contains local, national and world news, stories, poetry, jokes, church directory, and advertisements. This issue includes war news. --[p.2,3]\nDescription: Weekly newspaper contains local, national and world news, stories, poetry, jokes, church directory, and advertisements. Included in this issue is an article on peace initiatives in the Philippines --[p.2], an article about life in Manila --[p.4], and war news. --[p.5,7] Half of page [7,8] is missing.", "Search Results - - 25 Results - The Portal to Texas History\nDescription: Weekly newspaper contains local, national and world news, stories, poetry, jokes, church directory, and advertisements. This issue includes a 4th of July drawing.--[p.2]\nDescription: Weekly newspaper contains local, national and world news, stories, poetry, jokes, church directory, and advertisements. This issue includes reports of severe widespread flooding in the state.--[p.6]", "Search Results - - 25 Results - The Portal to Texas History\nDescription: Weekly newspaper contains local, national and world news, stories, poetry, jokes, church directory, and advertisements. This issue includes an article about the assassination of General Heureux, President of the Dominican Republic.--[p.2]\n1st 1 1 3rd 1 1 8th 1 1 10th 1 1 16th 1 1 17th 1 1 22nd 1 1 23rd 1 1 24th 1 1 29th 1 1 30th 1 1 31st 1 1"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/OMB-upper/legislative/sap/1999/HR1993-r.html

HR 1993 -- 10/12/99

["HR 1993 -- 10/12/99\nThe Administration supports House passage of H.R. 1993, which would authorize important trade and investment programs of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), the Trade and Development Agency (TDA), and the Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration (ITA). OPIC, TDA, and ITA programs play a strong role in helping American companies compete in today's global environment and advancing U.S. interests overseas", "HR 1993 -- 10/12/99\nThese programs also provide substantial benefits to American workers, and provide an effective and efficient means of opening new markets that help to maintain economic growth and create new jobs."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.britannica.com/science/acorn-nut

Acorn | Definition & Facts | Britannica

["Acorn | Definition & Facts | Britannica\nAcorn, nut of the oak. Acorns are usually seated in or surrounded by a woody cupule. They mature within one to two seasons, and their appearance varies depending on the species of oak. Acorns provide food for wildlife and are used to fatten swine and poultry.\nnorthern red oakAcorns of the northern red oak (Quercus rubra). Karl Maslowski/Photo Researchers\noak seedlingTime-lapse video, filmed over eight months, of an oak seedling growing from an acorn. Video by Neil Bromhall; music, Musopen.org", "Acorn | Definition & Facts | Britannica\nFagales: Economic and ecological importance\n\u2026not a commercial crop, the acorns produced by most species of Quercus (oaks) are edible, but many require some preparation to remove the tannins. In North America acorns were used extensively by the native Indians; the nuts of the \u201csweet\u201d members of the white oak group were often consumed directly,\u2026\ncooking: Origins: from hunter-gatherers to settled agriculturalists", "Acorn | Definition & Facts | Britannica\n\u2026developed a procedure to make acorns edible by removing their bitter tannic acid. Farther south, native peoples in Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela learned to remove the cyanide from cassava (also called manioc), a starchy root used to make tapioca and a staple crop across\u2026", "Acorn | Definition & Facts | Britannica\nAcorns provide food for small game animals and are used to fatten swine and poultry. Red- and white-oak lumber is used in construction, flooring, furniture, millwork, cooperage, and the production of crossties, structural timbers, and mine props.\u2026", "Acorn | Definition & Facts | Britannica\nNut, in botany, dry hard fruit that does not split open at maturity to release its single seed. A nut resembles an achene but develops from more than one carpel (female reproductive structure), often is larger, and has a tough woody wall. Examples of true nuts are the chestnut, hazelnut,\u2026\nPili nut\nBird, (class Aves), any of the more than 10,400 living species unique in having feathers, the major characteristic\u2026", "Acorn | Definition & Facts | Britannica\nHorse, (Equus caballus), a hoofed herbivorous mammal of the family Equidae. It comprises a single species,\u2026\n(2 Images and 1 Video)"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://west.stanford.edu/news/best-times-worst-times-rural-health-and-health-care

The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West

["The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nThe Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care\nHappenings, Topics of the West\nWhat will it take to improve the health and health care outlook for rural westerners, and how can we best marshal the resources of Stanford University toward that goal? These questions were central to the conference \u201cUncommon Dialogue: Improving Health and Health Care in the Rural West,\u201d which brought together a diverse group of interdisciplinary researchers and practitioners to confront a growing crisis.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nPhotographs by Vladimir Choloupka\nRural Americans have some of the nation\u2019s highest rates of disability, mortality, and chronic disease, and face under-resourced and fragmented health care delivery systems. These outcomes are exacerbated by an aging population, and \u2013 for younger rural residents \u2013 a deficit of economic and educational opportunities.\nThe 13 million inhabitants of the rural American West face an additional challenge: the burden of large travel distances.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nTo Phil Polakoff, consulting professor at Stanford Medical School, it is both the best of times and the worst of times. Play \uf04b \u201cWe've had some great advances in technology, no question. We've had new pharmaceuticals that work,\u201d but the state of public health in the rural West, he said, is a different story. \u201cWe've got a lot to do, and that's where Stanford can play a major role. There's no shortage of intelligence here, no shortage of interest and technology.\u201d", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nThree strategic goals emerged from the day\u2019s sessions:\nTo cultivate partnerships with rural organizations that will drive innovation;\nTo lower barriers to collaboration between School of Medicine and other schools and departments at Stanford;\nTo increase cross-disciplinary research that improves the lives of rural westerners.\nVideo Overview: Improving Health and Health Care in the Rural West\nSee more clip selections on video page \u00bb Bill Lane Center for the American West", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nWhere Environmental and Public Health Concerns Meet Play \uf04b\nClockwise from left, Craig Criddle presenting; Mary Prunicki; Chris Field. Vladimir Choloupka", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\n\u201cIt is so easy to understate the impact of the environment on wellness,\u201d said David J. Hayes, the moderator of a panel on the environmental roots of public health. \u201cThe rural West has some of the worst air pollution particulate levels in the U.S.,\u201d said Hayes, executive director of the NYU Law State Energy & Environmental Impact Center Play \uf04b. He added that \u201clack of access to drinking water plague the Southwest and the Central Valley of California", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nAsthma, for example, is on the increase in rural areas, and not just because of growing pollutants. Social determinants like poverty and lack of access to care are also major contributors to the problem, said the health researcher Mary Prunicki, Stanford MD. Play \uf04b In the Central Valley, she said, pollutant exposures exceeded federal standards by more than 40 percent, evidenced by a 34 percent higher rate of asthma and two-thirds higher rate of allergies in Fresno compared to the national average", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nShe advocated for improved communication access like broadband internet, deeper educational and self-care support, and cost-benefit research to determine the most effective interventions.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nCraig Criddle, a civil and environmental engineer at Stanford, presented experimental truck-based mobile biotechnical labs that can analyze local wastewater. Play \uf04b The units can offer immediate detection of antibiotic-resistant organisms and pathogens, as well as more general metrics of community health like as dietary habits, evidence of drug abuse, and the presence of heavy metal contaminants. \u201cYou can get a huge amount of information,\u201d said Criddle", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nAs an example, he cited a pilot project on whose website, he said \u201cyou can see how much use of cocaine there is in all these different cities across Europe.\u201d", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nThe scientist Chris Field spoke about our understanding of the relationship between climate change and the onset of acute and chronic disease, malnutrition, mental health, and quality of life problems, as well as overall physical fitness", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nPlay \uf04b \u201cWe think about the risk coming from climate change as really the overlap of different kinds of processes,\u201d he said, describing the increased threat of extreme weather and natural disasters, the risk of unpreparedness, either in infrastructure, public health resources or individuals' own state of health.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nLooking at the California wildfires of the fall and winter of 2017, he said, \u201cwildfires are so complicated for two totally different reasons: one, it's really hard to contain the physical damage, but it's also really hard to contain the air quality impacts from wildfires.\u201d Field argued that controlled burns could greatly reduce the fuel load in western forests, but that state policies stand in the way", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nFor example, he said, California counts controlled burns against the state\u2019s carbon emissions, but does not count wildfires. \u201cIf that forest went up in flames in a wildfire those emissions wouldn't count,\u201d he said.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nField, the director of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, suggested that a key solution in developing impactful policy is to find the overlapping interests among the affected communities.\nDifferent Communities, Different Needs Play \uf04b\nClockwise from top left, Paul Wise; Ann Arvin; James Gibbons Vladimir Choloupka\nHealth Policy Can Make a Difference Play \uf04b", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nAnn Arvin said that an additional 200,000 children received immunization shots as a result of a tightening of California's immunization requirements. Play \uf04b The measure had been promoted by health professionals but was given additional urgency by a 2014 measles outbreak at Disneyland. The resulting immunization increase of three percent was especially large in rural areas, said Dr", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nArvin, the vice provost and dean of research, and professor of pediatrics and microbiology and immunology at Stanford School of Medicine. This speaks to the power of well-timed news and communication efforts to drive health policy, she said.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nShe similarly pointed to the impact on rural children's health in states that opted to expand Medicaid as part of the Affordable Care Act, as well as recent renewal of the CHIP program providing health insurance to children. In 2015, the uninsured rate for children dropped below five percent for the first time ever, with rural counties at six percent, \u201cso not a tremendous disparity there,\u201d said Dr. Arvin", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nOn average 48 percent of children in rural areas receive Medicaid \u2013 almost a 40 percent increase in rural areas since the Affordable Care Act passed. \u201cWhat this tells us,\u201d she said, \u201cis that the impact of this legislation was most important for those children in rural areas, and that means they are going to be more vulnerable if those changes are not sustained.\u201d", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nJames Gibbons of Stanford Engineering shared research on telemedicine programs for patients with chronic conditions. Play \uf04b The trial project, \u201cConnect.Parkinson,\u201d provided \u201cvirtual house calls\u201d by doctors to a randomized sample of 195 people across 18 states", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nGibbons said that patients were very satisfied overall with the calls: \u201cAs my wife and I live a long way from the nearest neurologist, this technology is a blessing,\u201d wrote one participant; \u201cI find it easier to be more comfortable expressing my [Parkinson's disease] via a remote device than I do during a face-to-face visit,\u201d said another", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nGibbons said the trial suggested that virtual visits offered a comparable quality of care to in-person visits, with the added bonus of greater frequency: \u201cthe regular intervals of seeing my neurologist through a virtual visit allowed my neurologist to treat more of my symptoms that emerged gradually,\u201d wrote one patient. Physical distance remains a challenge, however. The trial system depends on reliable and high-quality broadband internet, which is not universally available in the rural West.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nBeginning with the above quote from Utah State University scholar David Rich Lewis, Ben Robison offered a sobering picture of health and wellness in the Sicangu Oyate Nation (Rosebud Sioux Tribe) in South Dakota. Play \uf04b There he witnessed poverty, neglect, and drug abuse on a reservation where the unemployment rate is estimated to range from 50 to 80 percent, while nearly nine out of ten of its 9,000 residents are under the poverty line", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\n\u201cThe most startling statistic,\u201d said Robison, a recent School of Medicine Graduate and healthcare education consultant, \u201cmay be that the the average life expectancy for a male, in Rosebud, in the United States, is 47 years. And that is a year less than Haiti.\u201d", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nRobison said that opportunities for engagement and support include expansion of their community health worker program and the development of an economic vision based on health and healthcare education and self-governance.\nMaternal and Infant Health in Rural California\nMaya Rossin-Slater", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nLooking at pregnancy and childbirth, the economist Maya Rossin-Slater began by pointing out that the United States as a whole fares poorly by comparison to other developed countries \u2013 and additionally it is the only OECD country with a rising maternal mortality rate. Play \uf04b She described how, in rural California, mothers more frequently deliver high birth weight infants, a risk factor for childhood obesity and hypertension", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nIn rural communities, she said, women receive less prenatal care than women in urban settings, and deliver babies in hospitals less frequently. Rossin-Slater, a faculty fellow with the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), identified insurance rates and coverage as a key concern for rural communities, in light of the fact that rural residents more frequently pay directly for care, which may lead to less frequent take-up of care.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nKeynote: \u201cNew Mexico Has Everything We Need in Life to Be the Healthiest State\u201d\nFrom left, C. Hope Eccles and Lynn Gallagher Vladimir Choloupka\nLynn Gallagher", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nIn her keynote address, New Mexico's secretary of health Lynn Gallagher talked about growing up in rural Truth or Consequences, NM; Play \uf04b her struggle to overcome family obligations to become the first college graduate; and later, going back to administer to father who was dying of kidney failure. \u201cTo deliver hemodialisis, draw blood, and do all of those things,\u201d she said, gave her first-hand experience at the difficulty of caring for sick and aging parents in a rural community", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nThere, the complexity of navigating the health care system was especially hard, she said. \u201cI called the nephrologist to say he had an aortic aneurysm and she responded, 'that's not my field.'\u201d", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nGallagher laid down a blunt challenge. \u201cWhy are physicians going overseas when we have so much need here?\u201d she asked. \u201cHow can we develop 'Doctors within Borders?'\u201d Aiming for better access, opportunity, and sustainability of care programs, she called for more support of local health care initiatives like community health workers and education programs.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\n\u201cNew Mexico has everything we need in life to be the healthiest state,\u201d she said. \u201cWe have clean air, vibrant skies, walking opportunities and amazing, rich people who understand agriculture and understand the fundamentals of health. But what we don't have is access to education and access to healthcare.\u201d\nIssues of Cost, Care, and Access\nVladimir Choloupka\nHard Data on Rural Health Challenges", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nArnold Milstein offered hard numbers to support the contention that rural health and health care are disadvantaged. Play \uf04b Dr. Milstein, Professor of Medicine at the Stanford School of Medicine and Director of the Clinical Excellence Research Center, said that rural areas have half as many physicians per capita and 80 percent fewer specialists. Rural residents are twice as likely to smoke and one in five of them can be described as having \u201cfair\u201d or \u201cpoor\u201d health status", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nOver 40 percent of rural Medicare beneficiaries go without drug coverage, and overall, health insurance premiums are 25 to 30 percent higher than in urban and suburban areas.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nRural Health Care in the Obamacare Era\nMark Duggan talked about rural health care and insurance rates since the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. Play \uf04b He pointed out that nearly one in four rural residents is uninsured, compared to 17 percent of urban areas, adding that Medicaid coverage in rural counties is higher than in rural areas \u2013 especially in states that chose to expand Medicaid coverage under the ACCA.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nDuggan, the Trione Director and Senior Fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), said that the ACCA has yet to meaningfully reduce healthcare costs. He saw an opportunity for rural hospitals to reduce costs by increasing their outpatient care; currently, the \u201ccritical access\u201d provision under Medicare requires them to maintain inpatient capability regardless of demand. Normally, Medicare Parts A and B provide care on a \u201cfee for service\u201d model", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nDuggan believes that with more rural seniors joining Medicare Advantage programs \u2013 which provide more benefits in exchange for a monthly premium \u2013 rural hospitals could have a more predictable revenue stream that might enable them to reduce costly in-patient capacity. Currently, though, Duggan said that Advantage enrollment rates are relatively low in rural areas.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\n\u201cRural citizens want to self-determine,\u201d said Alan Glaseroff, who ran an independent practice association in rural Humboldt County for 28 years before joining the Stanford School of Medicine. Play \uf04b In the mid 90s, facing the rise of managed care networks that were \u201cgenerally dividing and conquering\u201d independent practices, Glaseroff helped create an association that encompassed virtually all the providers in the county of 130,000 residents.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nWorking in a relatively poor community with elevated rates of obesity, chronic conditions, and substance abuse, Glaseroff worked with residents and caregivers to implement a treatment model called \u201cself-management.\u201d \u201cHealth care is largely about self-determination,\u201d said Glaseroff, whereby \u201cdiagnosis and treatment is about 10 percent of outcome and individual behavior is 40 percent.\u201d First, Dr", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nGlaseroff worked with diabetes patients to track their behavior and treatment, having patients fax in their information at regular intervals. Over time, the county saw a 29 percent drop in death from complications of diabetes. Building on this success, Glaseroff and his colleagues created a a peer-led program called \u201cChronic Disease Self Management\u201d which was based on a program originally developed at Stanford", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nBy the time he left the association in 2011, Glaseroff estimated that over three percent of the county's population had gone through the program and outcomes were improving. \u201cI enjoyed going to statewide meetings,\u201d he said, \u201cbecause we were outperforming the rest of the state by a lot. So the notion of these poorer communities that can't take care of themselves", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nBig Organizations and Small Communities\nFrom a small farm in the Wasatch Mountains to the executive suite at a Utah healthcare network, Brent James has seen the full spectrum of health care in the West. Play \uf04b James, who joined Stanford University after 30 years at Intermountain Health Care, argued that large systems using data in smarter ways could improve the lives of patients in both urban and rural settings.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nA well-organized large healthcare system like Intermountain Health, he said, can offer financial benefits, like access to capital, task shifting, and economies of scale, as well as subsidizing higher-cost areas like rural communities. James described a \u201cgroup practice without walls,\u201d where systemwide data could help doctors make decisions locally, and where telemedicine could bring specialists deeper into small communities", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nWhat Can Stanford Do?\nClockwise from left, Phil Polakoff, Lynn Hildemann, and James Hamilton; Kari Nadeau; Stanford President Emeritus John Hennessy Vladimir Choloupka\nPhilip Polakoff , Kari Nadeu, Director of the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University and Lynn Hildemann, chair of the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, agreed on several core principles Play \uf04b for future action:\nStanford should cultivate and listen to rural partners,", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\ndevelop research and intervention in collaboration with community stakeholders,\nand promote relevant expertise at the university.\nPanelists also cited these specific areas of opportunity:\nBring Rural Housing Up to the Challenge of Climate Change", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nLynn Hildemann of the Stanford School of Engineering expects that environmental challenges of climate change will quickly impact human health \u2013 \u201cperhaps disproportionately rural health,\u201d she added. Play \uf04b She cited a likely increase in fossil fuel production and consumption in the American West, more \u201cpollutant transport\u201d from growing economies in Asia, and more direct stress on human health in the form of droughts, heat waves, dust storms, and increased allergens in the air.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nOne of Hildemann's principal concerns is with what she terms \u201csubstandard housing,\u201d characterized by older houses and those that lack amenities like air conditioning, or might have mold problems or second-hand cigarette smoke.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nHildemann was optimistic about Stanford's chances for making a difference, citing the lower barriers between the Medical School and other centers of research on campus, and the university's extensive experience with field research. \u201cWorking out in the field and interacting with community,\u201d she said, \u201cincreases our chances of know what's going to work.\u201d\nPlace a Bet on Rural Health Journalism", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nJames \u201cJay\u201d Hamilton, an economist and the director of the Stanford Journalism program, said that with the decline of newspapers \u2013 40 percent of reporters and editors have lost their jobs over the past decade \u2013 there is less health and science coverage being published", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nWhile new models are being developed to support journalism \u2013 mission-driven nonprofits, organizations that cater to partisan views, and subscription-based niche publications, among others, Hamilton said \u201ceach of those incentives is biased against getting information to low-income, rural residents of the West.\u201d Broadband internet is expensive; they shop less; and studies suggest they are less likely to vote", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nThose include: helping find stories through artificial intelligence and algorithmic means \u2013 basically using computer analysis to lower the cost of \u201cdiscovering\u201d stories; and telling stories in a more personalized, and thus engaging, way. \u201cIf you create data about rural health care,\u201d he said, \u201cand have some funding for people to build on it,\u201d it could lead to useful tools for journalists", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nLastly, he said, medical students could get more involved in telling stories related to rural health through, for example, a fellowship program that supports their work. In the coming year, said Hamilton, the journalism program will have a medical student doing an investigation related to the opioid crisis.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nHamilton pointed to members of the Stanford community who excel at making connections and finding resources for projects, like President Emeritus John Hennessy, who was on hand to give remarks during the keynote address. Hennessy said the question to him was: \u201cHow do you herd cats?,\u201d answering, \u201cWhy, excellent cat food, of course. And for academics that means funding or data. Then identify three people whose day jobs will be better because of being involved.\u201d\n\u201cMake Sure We Have Our Finger on the Pulse\u201d", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nKari Nadeau is one of the nation's leading authorities on allergy and asthma. Building on Lynn Hildemann's concerns about respiratory health among rural residents, Dr. Nadeau said, \u201cmake sure we have our finger on the pulse\u201d of what community leaders and health providers think is needed. Play \uf04b", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nAs an example, she described a visit her team made to Fresno, where they asked if doctors were excited about the benefits that could come from \u201cdigitalizing\u201d health records: such as up-to date information about patients' conditions and treatments", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\n\u201cBut the community doctor said when you want to ask your patient whether or not they used their asthma inhaler,\u201d she recalled, \u201cWe don't look at their smartphone, we just tell them to bring their wife in, their daughter in,\u201d and ask them if the patient was using their inhaler. \u201cWhen we think about all the great technology that anyone can use,\u201d she said, it's still important to ask what the community care givers think is useful.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nConcurrently, they identified work to lower the barriers to collaboration between the School of Medicine and other departments at Stanford. Then with collaborations in place, the panel asked for clear metrics and accountability milestones for supported research and initiatives.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nIn summing up the day's discussion, Bruce Cain, the Eccles Family Director of the Bill Lane Center for the American West, identified upstream and downstream opportunities for action. Upstream, he said, the Center is poised to continue work identifying the link between the environment and health. One such project is amassing data on pollution exposure and health outcomes in the Central Valley. Downstream, he said, there are clear needs for research on health care delivery and access across the West.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nMoreover, he said, there seems to be a particular value to understanding barriers to telemedicine in disadvantaged communities. Changing payment models and offering residents the opportunity to participate in telemedicine may be options. Beyond telemedicine there are unique and pressing issue of healthcare delivery costs and payment in rural settings that can be elucidated through policy and economic research.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nIn his final piece of advice to the participants, the independent practice founder Alan Glaseroff urged: \u201cHumility, humility, humility. Go in and listen.\u201d Stanford will need to bring funding and customized expertise to the local setting, but success for both the community and Stanford will depend on rich and empathetic relationships.", "The Best of Times, the Worst of Times for Rural Health and Health Care | The Bill Lane Center for the American West\nUncommon Dialogue: Improving Health and Health Care in the Rural American West was held on January 26, 2018, and was co-sponsored by Stanford\u2019s schools of medicine, engineering, environment, communications, and humanities, along with public and private stakeholders."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.thisisinsider.com/scariest-books-2018-10

20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film

["20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\n20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nFrank Olito\nMost horror films started as even scarier books, like \"The Silence of the Lambs.\"\nAlthough movies like \"Halloween\" and \"Get Out\" can make audiences scream out loud, some books have the ability to truly keep readers up at night.", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nIn fact, most horror movies use famous novels as source material. Everything from \"The Shining\" to Netflix's \"The Haunting of Hill House\" originated as stories in books. Likewise, characters Jack Torrence and Hannibal Lecter first came together on the page and haunted people's minds for years before Jack Nicholson and Anthony Hopkins brought them to life.", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nThese 20 books will make you question your sanity, force you to look over your shoulder, and have you checking under the bed long after you've put them down.\n\"House of Leaves\" by Mark Z. Danielewski\n\"House of Leaves.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nMark Danielewski put an intriguing twist on the haunted-house genre with his novel \"House of Leaves.\" When a family realizes their house is bigger inside than it is outside, it leads them to another world that is tauntingly horrifying. As the family attempts to unravel the mystery, it slowly tears them apart.\n\"Carrion Comfort\" by Dan Simmons\n\"Carrion Comfort.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nDan Simmons challenges the idea of power in his terrifying novel \"Carrion Comfort.\" The story follows people who have \"The Ability,\" or the power to take control of people from a distance. But when one of the \"puppets\" kills a person while under the control of someone with The Ability, everything is thrown into question. Suddenly, no one is safe, and a world without any free will becomes a scary reality.\n\"The Girl Next Store\" by Jack Ketchum\n\"The Girl Next Store.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\n\"The Girl Next Store\" by Jack Ketchum is almost difficult to read \u2014 that's how disturbing it is. The story follows two sisters who are forced to live with their mentally ill aunt and her three sons. What unravels is a horrifying tale of neglect, torture, and abuse. If that isn't bone-chilling enough, you should know that the book is based on a true story.\n\"Haunted\" by Chuck Palahniuk\n\"Haunted.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nWhen Chuck Palahniuk first read a snippet of \"Haunted\" at a public event, several people actually fainted. \"Haunted\" still holds up as a truly horrifying, grotesque work of fiction. The book is comprised of 23 stomach-churning stories, all \"written\" by people attending a writer's retreat gone awry.\n\"Hell House\" by Richard Matheson\n\"Hell House.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nStephen King has called Richard Matheson's novel \"Hell House\" the \"scariest haunted house novel ever written.\" The novel tells the story of three people who spend a night in the Belasco House in Maine, which has been sealed since 1949. They quickly realize why no one has stepped foot in the house for decades and learn exactly why it has been dubbed \"Hell House.\"\n\"The Silence of the Lambs\" by Thomas Harris\n\"The Silence of the Lambs.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nVery few know that the famous \"Silence of the Lambs\" film starring Jodie Foster is actually based on a book that was a sequel to another novel. Thomas Harris wrote \"The Silence of the Lambs\" after his first successful book, \"Red Dragon,\" which first introduced the character of Hannibal Lecter. Each book in the series is more chilling than the next. Lecter is one of those characters who leaps from the pages and stays with you well after you close the book.\n\"Ghost Story\" by Peter Straub\n\"Ghost Story.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\n\"Ghost Story\" follows a group of men who come together to tell each other stories. Some of them are true, some are from their imagination, and some are truly frightening. When one of the men dies, the rest suddenly start having terrifying dreams. Eventually, something they did in the past creeps back into their lives to threaten everything they know to be true. The stories they would tell each other are nothing compared to their new, horrifying reality.\n\"Rebecca\" by Daphne du Maurier\n\"Rebecca.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nAlthough \"Rebecca\" was published in the '40s, it still holds up as one of the most chilling novels of all times. It's the story of a woman who marries a widow and moves into his gothic mansion. What she thought would be a happy, easy life turns out to be a living nightmare when she learns her husband's former wife is still roaming the halls of their home.\n\"And Then There Were None\" by Agatha Christie\n\"And Then There Were None.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nAgatha Christie has a lengthy list of novels under her belt, but her arguably most frightening one is \"And Then There Were None.\" Not only is this Christie's most popular novel, it's also widely considered her best. The book follows a group of people who were each invited to a remote island. One by one, they are all murdered as retribution for past crimes.\n\"The Haunting of Hill House\" by Shirley Jackson\n\"The Haunting of Hill House.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nMany know \"The Haunting of Hill House\" from Netflix's popular series of the same name, but the show is actually loosely based on a famous novel. Shirley Jackson wrote the novel about four strangers who come together in an abandoned mansion to try and prove that the supernatural is real. The result is a truly terrifying piece of literature that proves human nature is even more frightening than what lurks in the shadows.\n\"Rosemary's Baby\" by Ira Levin\n\"Rosemary's Baby.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nRoman Polanski's famous film is actually based on a book.\nWhen Ira Levin wrote \"Rosemary's Baby\" in the '60s, the success of the book sparked a horror boom. The novel scared so many readers that it still is widely read today. The titular character becomes pregnant after she and her husband move into a New York apartment building with a dark past. Eventually, she becomes convinced that the neighbors are trying to abduct her baby for a satanic ritual, but the truth is much more depraved.", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\n\"In Cold Blood\" by Truman Capote\n\"In Cold Blood.\"\nTruman Capote's masterpiece \"In Cold Blood\" is a nonfiction book that reads like a work of fiction \u2014 that's how scary it is. In the book, Capote attempts to unravel the murder of the real-life Clutter family in Kansas. As he chronicles the murder itself, the investigation, the trial, and even the execution, you're transported into a time of dark sadness and never-ending horror.\n\"The Woman in Black\" by Susan Hill\n\"The Woman in Black.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nSusan Hill crafted \"The Woman in Black\" to feel like a traditional gothic novel, but, in fact, the book was written in 1981. The dark tone adds to an even darker story about a young solicitor who arrives at a quiet home in a faraway countryside. But when the lawyer starts to hear screams in the fog and sees visions of a woman in black, his routine client visit turns out to be something much more sinister.\n\"Ring\" by Koji Suzuki\n\"Ring.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nKoji Suzuki's \"Ring\" is a milestone in Japanese horror literature, especially after Hollywood created a very successful adaptation called \"The Ring\" starring Naomi Watts. Fans of the film may be surprised by the lack of supernatural in the original book, but the scares and suspense are still very present. With this novel \u2014 about a video that warns viewers that they will die in a week \u2014 you'll come for the horror but stay for the well-crafted mystery.\n\"The Shining Girls\" by Lauren Beukes", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\n\"The Shining Girls.\"\n\"The Shining Girls\" is a mixture of science fiction and murder mystery. Set in a Chicago home that acts as a time portal, a serial killer attempts to murder multiple women called the Shining Girls. When one girl escapes his grasp, everything is thrown out of control and what follows is a terrifying novel of death that transcends time.\n\"Let the Right One In\" by John Ajvide Lindqvist\n\"Let the Right One In.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nAlthough the vampire story has been overused in recent years, \"Let the Right One In\" by John Ajvide Lindqvist seems to breathe a new life into the fantasy genre. The story follows a young boy named Oskar as he befriends a new neighbor, Eli, who is deathly pale. Their peculiar friendship forms at night when Eli wakes up. The novel puts an electrifying twist on the vampire trope, giving you a truly scary read.\n\"Eileen\" by Otessa Moshfegh\n\"Eileen.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nOtessa Moshfegh opens her novel \"Eileen\" by immediately telling the reader what will happen in the end. The mystery and suspense lie in trying to figure out how we get to that endpoint. With each chapter and every line, Moshfegh teases readers with clues, making this a true page-turner. But the answer is so terrifying that you wish you'd put the book down earlier.\n\"World War Z: An Oral History of the Zombie War\" by Max Brooks\n\"World War Z: An Oral History of the Zombie War.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nWhile many think of \"World War Z\" as a Hollywood zombie film starring Brad Pitt, it's actually one of the best-written novels in the genre. Told mostly through interviews and vignettes, this story tracks a zombie takeover from various perspectives. The thorough storytelling makes this fantastical apocalypse feel like a very real account of history.\n\"The Shining\" by Stephen King\n\"The Shining.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nIt's no secret that Stephen King is the master of horror literature, but \"The Shining\" stands out among the rest. Set in a remote hotel that's completely abandoned for the winter season, the novel tackles the ideas of family, the supernatural, and murder. Even if you've seen the movie adaptation, this book will startle you from cover to cover.\n\"Pet Sematary\" by Stephen King\n\"Pet Sematary.\"", "20 books that are more terrifying than any horror film\nKing takes another spot on this list because he's the king of horror writing. His prowess is also evident in the truly terrifying novel \"Pet Sematary,\" which is about a burial ground for roadkill near the Creed family's home, in which everything buried doesn't necessarily stay that way.\nSEE ALSO: The 5 scariest movies of all time, according to Redbox customers\nMore: Features Lifestyle Evergreen story Books"]

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0.16], [8502, 8853, 0.02564103], [8853, 8883, 0.13333333], [8883, 8898, 0.13333333], [8898, 9244, 0.02023121], [9244, 9275, 0.12903226], [9275, 9291, 0.125], [9291, 9579, 0.01736111], [9579, 9654, 0.12], [9654, 9700, 0.10869565]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 9700, 0.91205204]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 9700, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 9700, 0.96190715]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 9700, 232.38891794]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 9700, 252.58918208]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 9700, 95.33456563]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 9700, 97.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

https://paw.princeton.edu/print/187576

The Great Gatsby: An Edition of the Manuscript

["The Great Gatsby: An Edition of the Manuscript\nPublished on Princeton Alumni Weekly (https://paw.princeton.edu)\nThe Great Gatsby: An Edition of the Manuscript\nBy James L. W. West III, Don C. Skemer", "The Great Gatsby: An Edition of the Manuscript\nThe Great Gatsby: An Edition of the Manuscript (Cambridge University Press), is a manuscript of the novel just one year before it was published, and contains many differences from the version that finally went to print in 1925. The introduction, written in part by Don C. Skemer, a rare books and special collections librarian, discusses Fitzgerald\u2019s process of writing and rewriting the novel for three years before it was finally published."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://buildings.lbl.gov/news

News | Building Technology and Urban Systems

["News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nBerkeley Lab\nEnergy Technologies Area\nAccess, Directions\nDivision Structure\nTesting Capabilities\nArt Rosenfeld\nWindows & Daylighting\nFLEXLAB\u00ae & Systems Integration\nHigh Tech & Industrial\nThe Grid & Demand Response\nCool Roofs & Walls\nEnergy & Financing\nTools & Guides\nWhole Building\nOccupant Behavior\nWindows and Envelope Materials\nCool Surfaces\nCity and Districts", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nResearchers in the Building Technology & Urban Systems Division (BTUS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory develop data and technologies that increase energy efficiency and improve the health, safety and comfort of building occupants, in the United States and worldwide.\nWe work closely with industry partners, academics and government officials to achieve these goals, and share our research widely.", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nWe are at the forefront of cutting-edge research that redefines building technology and explores all areas of urban systems.\nWe have been leaders for decades in developing energy-efficient windows, improving indoor air quality, coming up with new ideas to fix the nation's electricity grid, and so much more.\nVisit our research areas at the right to find out more.\nExplore our tools, guidebooks and software and download for free.", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nWe offer a variety of technologies designed to simulate and model real-world circumstances to assist in energy-saving programs and help building owners build better buildings. These tools can help calculate performance of building systems like windows and shades, help consumers and builders pick the best windows for a variety of applications and much more.\n2018 Director's Awards Honorees", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nETA staff members were recently honored for outstanding efforts to improve diversity, implement innovative lighting in a \"Living Lab\" and performing breakthrough discoveries in thirdhand smoke research. The 2018 Director's Awards for Exceptional Achievement recognize accomplishments, leadership, collaboration, multi-disciplinary science, cross-divisional projects and commitment to excellence in support of the Lab\u2019s mission and strategic goals. In the Diversity category, C. Anna Spurlock of the... Read More", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nEgyptian Blue for Energy Efficiency\nA color developed by Egyptians thousands of years ago has a modern-day application as well \u2013 the pigment can boost energy efficiency by cooling rooftops and walls, and could also enable solar generation of electricity via windows. Egyptian blue, derived from calcium copper silicate, was routinely used on ancient depictions of gods and royalty. Previous studies have shown that when Egyptian blue absorbs visible light, it then emits light in the... Read More", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nReport: Future of EVs\nToday, electric vehicles (EVs) make up just a small part of the U.S. road fleet, but they are gaining ground in some regions. While EVs hold promise for lowering costs and air pollutant emissions from auto travel, among other benefits, their growth raises questions about the changes needed to support this transition. How much charging infrastructure will be needed, and what role should utilities play in developing it? A new report from Berkeley... Read More\nTech Women at Berkeley Lab", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nAs part of Berkeley Lab's mission to bring science to the world, the Energy Technologies Area is hosting three visiting scientists through the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs TechWomen program. The goal is to empower, connect and support the next generation of women leaders in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) by providing them access and opportunity to advance their careers, pursue... Read More\nNew App Models National Building Energy Use", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nLooking around the typical home or office, many homeowners and employees will find a staggering amount of technology on display: the refrigerator that keeps our food fresh; the thermostat that controls room temperature; the array of electronics to enable (and sometimes impede) our productivity; the lights that make tasks visible at night. \u201cAs this large technology base continues to grow, the number of ways that a building can use energy grows... Read More\nData Tool for Energy Retrofits", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nA national online energy data management system is transforming how energy retrofit projects implemented by a wide variety of users \u2013 including local, state, and federal governments \u2013 develop projects and track performance. The eProject Builder energy project data management and benchmarking tool was developed by the... Read More\nOccupant Behavior in Buildings", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nA deep understanding of energy use behavior by occupants in buildings is crucial to the design and operation of buildings to achieve low- or zero-net energy goals. Currently, occupant behavior is under-recognized, compared with the conventional technological solutions, and over-simplified in the design, construction, operation, and retrofit of buildings. Occupant behavior in buildings includes: The presence of people in spaces and movement... Read More\nETA Finalists for R&D100 Awards", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nTwo projects from Berkeley Lab's Energy Technologies Area have been named as finalists for R&D Magazine's R&D 100 Awards, which recognize pioneering ideas in science and technology. OP1 from Opus 12, the carbon dioxide recycling startup included in Cyclotron Road's first cohort, and... Read More\nSmart Ideas Wanted for Grid Modernization", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nA consortium of national labs and nonprofit organizations has announced a call for concepts to engage the smart grid community in demonstrating visionary interoperability capabilities on how facilities with distributed energy resources, or DERs, integrate and interact with the utility grid. Read more at the Berkeley Lab News Center web site:... Read More\nRavi Prasher New ETA Leader", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nRavi Prasher has been appointed Associate Laboratory Director for Energy Technologies at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). The announcement follows an international search. Prasher, an internationally renowned scientist in the field of thermal energy science and technologies, has been director of Berkeley Lab's... Read More\nRamesh to Lead \u201cBeyond Moore\u2019s Law\u201d Initiative", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nAfter serving four years as Berkeley Lab's Associate Director for Energy Technologies, Ramamoorthy Ramesh will be returning to his research in ultra low-power electronics while also helping to lead a major Berkeley Lab research initiative in next-generation, energy-efficient microelectronics. This new initiative has been dubbed \"Beyond Moore's Law,\" as it seeks the solution to what will happen when Moore's Law \u2014 which holds that the number of... Read More\nSuper Window Could Save Billions", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nAbout $20 billion worth of energy leaks out of windows in the United States each winter \u2013 and that\u2019s with double-paned insulating windows installed on a majority of buildings. The Department of Energy\u2019s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) is now working with manufacturers to bring to market a \u201csuper window\u201d that is at least twice as insulating as 99 percent of the windows for sale today and will be ready to achieve mass-market... Read More\nBuilding Innovation Guide: Best Practices", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nMay 31st 2018\nU.S. Secretary of Energy Rick Perry and India Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas Dharmendra Pradhan recently launched a Strategic Energy Partnership that includes a significant intellectual contribution by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). Building Innovation: Guide For High-Performance Energy-Efficient Buildings in India, is a document packed with best practices for smart, innovative buildings that will help... Read More", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nBetter Ventilation Could Boost Student Performance\nIndoor air quality in schools often fails to meet minimum standards, and student performance is clearly diminished when ventilation rates are low, according to a recent analysis from Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide have been documented in schools across the U.S., Europe and Asia, the study finds. \"These CO2 data indicate a widespread failure to provide the minimum amount of ventilation... Read More", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was recently honored with a prestigious Green Leadership Award at the 12th Annual Green California Summit in Sacramento. The Lab's Energy Technologies Area (ETA) was highlighted for innovative breakthroughs in the energy efficiency category for research aimed at helping California meet its zero net energy (ZNE) building goals, while ensuring adequate indoor air quality and ventilation. A ZNE, or net zero... Read More\nModeling Energy Efficiency Block by Block", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nEvaluating buildings as a group, rather than individually, can help optimize energy savings in cities. To aid this effort, the Energy Technologies Area\u2019s Tianzhen Hong has introduced CityBES, a data and computing platform that can assess energy efficient retrofits for sets of properties and visualize their performance. He... Read More\nHelping Arizona Beat the Heat", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nScientists said they were experimenting with using white paint over black asphalt as a way of cutting temperatures in the Phoenix area. Ronnen Levinson of the Energy Technologies Area said it could possibly reduce the heat island effect, a term given to urban areas that are hotter than nearby rural areas. Read the full article at ktar.... Read More\nEnergy-Saving \u2018Living Lab\u2019 Climate Leadership Award\nApril 2nd 2018", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nA \u201cLiving Lab\u201d model led by ETA\u2019s Eleanor Lee received a Climate Leadership Award from the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. The award recognizes a \u201cLiving Lab\u201d partnership between Goldman Sachs, Berkeley Lab, and the Building Energy Exchange. Goldman Sachs reduced energy use by nearly 80 percent in some areas, via smart use of lighting and... Read More\nThirdhand Smoke Found to Increase Lung Cancer Risk", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nBerkeley Lab-led study suggests early exposure to thirdhand smoke may lead to greater health risks later in life. Researchers at the Department of Energy\u2019s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) identified thirdhand smoke, the toxic residues that linger on indoor surfaces and in dust long after a cigarette has been extinguished, as a health hazard nearly 10 years ago. Now a new study has found that it also increases lung cancer... Read More\nReplacing Natural Gas to Help Decarbonize UC", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nUniversities across the United States have set ambitious goals to shrink their carbon footprints, including the University of California, which launched its Carbon Neutrality Initiative in 2013, aiming for carbon neutrality by 2025. But amid broad support for climate action within the UC system, a big question looms: how to actually hit that target. Now, a 27-member team uniquely comprised of researchers, facilities managers, sustainability... Read More\nBEST Center Annual Institute 2018", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nBerkeley Lab recently hosted a workshop where 43 faculty members from 32 colleges participated in activities designed to generate ideas for enhancing post-secondary level programs in commercial Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC), energy management and building automation. This was one day of a four-day annual institute held by the Building Efficiency for a Sustainable Tomorrow Center (BEST) on January 4, 2018. The institute, funded... Read More", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nPiette Presents at Sidewalk Labs Idea Tour in NYC\nBuildings of the future will operate from models that look at all the factors \u2013 outside temperature, the temperature desired inside, how many people are in the building and a number of other set points \u2013 to heat and cool buildings in the most energy-efficient manner possible. That was the crux of a recent presentation by Mary Ann Piette, director of the Building Technology & Urban Systems Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. In... Read More", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nEnergy and Water Management Award to Robinson\nGerald Robinson recently received a 2017 Federal Energy and Water Management Award for his work as part of a federal team that developed an innovative, multi-agency contract solution that saved the government millions of dollars. In the picture, Robinson is fourth from the right. Robinson worked with several agencies to conduct the first-ever aggregated procurement for on-site solar PV arrays. By pooling their buying power, the agencies made... Read More", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nEnergy Technology Area researchers \u200bmade extensive contributions to the International Energy Agency's Energy Efficiency 2017 Report. A major focus of the report\u2019s chapter on industrial energy efficiency is ISO 50001 - the internationally developed framework for managing energy as a business practice. Research led by Peter Therkelsen and Berkeley Lab\u200b'\u200bs Industrial Applications Team provided quantitative evidence of the benefits being realized... Read More\nResponsive Low-Carbon Buildings", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nMary Ann Piette, director of the Building Technology and Urban Systems Division and of the Demand Response Research Center at Berkeley Lab, recently spoke at UC Berkeley about building efficiency. Below is an excerpt and video of her talk. Our homes and buildings consume huge amounts of energy \u2014 up to 40 percent of all energy use in the U.S. Research at Berkeley Lab has greatly boosted energy efficiency in buildings, from new lighting... Read More\nClean Energy Leadership Institute Visits Lab", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nA group of officials from the Clean Energy Leadership Institute (CELI) recently visited Berkeley Lab to tour FLEXLAB\u00ae and meet with scientists about ongoing research. The visitors were brought here by Sam Fernandes, program manager in Building Technology & Urban Systems. Fernandes was part of the first San Francisco CELI Fellowship cohort and completed the leadership program at the Institute in June 2017. CELI officials later... Read More\nETA Contributes to Energy Standards for Computer Servers", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nSeptember 22nd 2017\nThe Energy Technology Areas' Industrial Applications team recently contributed to the development of NSF 426, an international standard for environmental leadership in the design and manufacture of computer servers. It includes criteria for certification to ISO5001, which supports market-driven adoption of energy management best practices in manufacturing supply chains. On Friday, Sept. 8, NSF International published NSF 426-2017, an... Read More", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nClean Energy Leadership Institute Fellowship\nScientific Engineering Associate Arian Aghajanzadeh, of the Building & Industrial Applications Department at Berkeley Lab, has been selected to participate in the highly competitive Clean Energy Leadership Institute's Fall 2017 Fellowship Training Program. The Clean Energy Leadership Institute (CELI) is a leadership development organization based in Washington, D.C. and the San Francisco Bay Area. CELI provides early career professionals... Read More", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nR&D Magazine's R&D 100 Awards, established 54 years ago, recognize 100 technologies and services introduced in the previous year deemed most significant by an independent panel of judges. This year's winners received the awards at a November 3 event in Washington, D.C. The Cool Roof Time Machine simulates soiling and weathering processes in the lab, reproducing in less than three days the solar reflectance of roofing products naturally... Read More\nRetrofits Slash Energy Use in New York Living Lab", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nBy using advanced lighting and automated shades, scientists from the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) found that occupants on one floor of a high-rise office building in New York City were able to reduce lighting energy usage by nearly 80 percent in some areas. The dramatic results emerged at a \"living laboratory\" set up to test four sets of technologies on one 40,000 square-foot floor of a building.... Read More\nETA Hosts Association of Energy Service Providers", "News | Building Technology and Urban Systems\nScientist Peter Therkelson organized a recent visit by the Association of Energy Service Providers (AESP) to the Energy Technologies Area at Berkeley Lab. AESP leaders Patsy Dugger from CB& and Karen Maos from Navigant also facilitated the visit. Seven LBNL speakers gave presentations, and the group enjoyed FLEXLAB\u00ae tours. Approximately 25 attendees from AESP, representing 15 organizations, were at the May visit. Speakers were:... Read More\n\u00a92018 Energy Technologies Area, Berkeley Lab."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://casetext.com/case/thompson-v-whitman

Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator

["Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThompson v. Whitman\nU.S. v. Bigford\nA judgment may therefore be attacked in a collateral proceeding in another jurisdiction on the basis that it\u2026\nState v. Williams\nS. v. Herron, supra; S. v. Norman, 13 N.C. 222. And while the decrees, standing alone, were to be taken as\u2026\nFull title:THOMPSON v . WHITMAN\nCourt:U.S.\nDate published: Jan 1, 1873\n85 U.S. 457 (1873)", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457, 18 Wall. 457, 21 L.Ed. 897, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the record of a judgment rendered in another state may be contradicted as to the facts necessary to give the court jurisdiction; and if it be shown that such facts did not exist, the record will be a nullity even though it may recite that they did exist.\nSummary of this case from Baskin v. Montedonico\nSee 6 Summaries\nOCTOBER TERM, 1873.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\n1. Neither the constitutional provision, that full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State, nor the act of Congress passed in pursuance thereof, prevents an inquiry into the jurisdiction of the court by which a judgment offered in evidence was rendered. 2", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe record of a judgment rendered in another State may be contradicted as to the facts necessary to give the court jurisdiction; and if it be shown that such facts did not exist, the record will be a nullity, notwithstanding it may recite that they did exist. 3. Want of jurisdiction may be shown either as to the subject-matter or the person, or, in proceedings in rem, as to the thing. 4", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nBy a law of New Jersey non-residents were prohibited from raking clams and oysters in the waters of that State under penalty of forfeiture of the vessel employed; and any two justices of the county in which the seizure of the vessel should be made were authorized, on information given, to hear and determine the case: Held, that if the seizure was not made in the county where the prosecution took place, the justices of that county had no jurisdiction, and that this fact might be inquired into in an action for making such seizure brought in New York, notwithstanding the record of a conviction was produced which stated that the seizure was made within such county.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nMr. C.N. Black, for the plaintiff in error; Mr. R. Gilchrist, attorney-general of New Jersey, intervening and arguing in the same interest. Messrs. W.M. Evarts and J.L. Cadwalader, contra.\nERROR to the Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York; the case being thus:\nA statute of New Jersey, approved April 16th, 1846, and commonly known there as the Oyster Law, thus enacts:", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\n\"SECTION 7. It shall not be lawful for any person who is not at the time an actual inhabitant and resident of this State, . . . to rake or gather clams, oysters, or shell-fish, . . . in any of the rivers, bays, or waters of this State, on board of any . . . boat or other vessel; and every person who shall offend herein shall forfeit and pay $20; . . . and the said . .", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nboat or other vessel, used and employed in the commission of such offence, with all the clams, oysters, clam-rakes, tongs, tackle, furniture, and apparel, shall be forfeited, and the same seized, secured, and disposed of, in the manner prescribed in the ninth and tenth sections of this act.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nboat or other vessel as aforesaid, and immediately thereupon give information thereof to two justices of the peace of the county where such seizure shall have been made, who are hereby empowered and required to meet at such time and place as they shall appoint for the trial thereof, and hear and determine the same; and in case the same shall be condemned, it shall be sold by the order and under the direction of the said justices, who, after deducting all legal costs and charges, shall pay one-half of the proceeds of said sale to the collector of the county in which such offence shall have been committed, and the other half to the person who shall have seized and prosecuted the same.\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThis statute being in force, Whitman, a citizen of New York, sued Thompson, sheriff of Monmouth County, New Jersey, in the court below in an action of trespass, for taking and carrying away a certain sloop of his, named the Anna Whitman, her cargo, furniture, and apparel.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe declaration charged that on the 26th of September, 1862, the defendant, with force and arms, on the high seas, in the outward vicinity of the Narrows of the port of New York, and within the Southern District of New York, seized and took the said sloop, with her tackle, furniture, c., the property of the plaintiff, and carried away and converted the same. The defendant pleaded not guilty, and a special plea in bar", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe latter plea justified the trespass by setting up that the plaintiff, a resident of New York, on the day of seizure, was raking and gathering clams with said sloop in the waters of the State of New Jersey, to wit, within the limits of the county of Monmouth, contrary to a law of that State, and that by virtue of the said law the defendant, who was sheriff of said county, seized the sloop within the limits thereof, and informed against her before two justices of the peace of said county, by whom she was condemned and ordered to be sold", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn answer to this plea the plaintiff took issue as to the place of seizure, denying that it was within the State of New Jersey, or the county of Monmouth, thus challenging the jurisdiction of the justices, as well as the right of the defendant to make the seizure", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nOn the trial conflicting testimony was given upon this point, but the defendant produced a record of the proceedings before the justices, which stated the offence as having been committed, and the seizure as made, within the county of Monmouth, with a history of the proceedings to the condemnation and order of sale. The defendant, relying on the provision of the Constitution which says that \u2014", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nArticle iv, \u00a7 1.\n\"Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the . . . judicial proceedings of every other State; and that Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such . . . proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof:\"\nand on the act of Congress of May 26th, 1790, which, after prescribing a mode in which the records and judicial proceedings of the courts of any State shall be authenticated, enacts that \u2014\nPage 459 1 Stat. at Large, 122.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\n\"The said records and proceedings, authenticated as aforesaid, shall have such faith and credit given to them, in every court within the United States, as they have by law or usage in the courts of the State from whence the said records are or may be taken:\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nasserted that this record was conclusive both as to the jurisdiction of the court and the merits of the case, and that it was a bar to the action, and requested the court so to charge the jury. But the court refused so to charge, and charged that the said record was only prim\u00e2 facie evidence of the facts therein stated, and threw upon the plaintiff the burden of proving the contrary", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe defendant excepted, and the jury, under the direction of the court, found for the plaintiff generally, and, in answer to certain questions framed by the court, found specially, first, that the seizure was made within the State of New Jersey; secondly, that it was not made in the county of Monmouth; thirdly, that the plaintiff was not engaged on the day of the seizure in taking clams within the limits of the county of Monmouth", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe chief error assigned was the charge of the court, abovementioned, that the record from New Jersey was only prim\u00e2 facie evidence of the facts which it stated; though the counsel for the plaintiff in error also argued that if the record was not conclusive of the facts stated in it, and if the seizure was first made outside of the limits of Monmouth County, yet that confessedly the vessel was brought right into Monmouth County, so that the seizure, being continuous, might properly enough be held to have been made there; and that this was particularly true, if it was assumed, as it was on the other side, that the vessel, when first seized, though seized within the State, was not seized within the limits of any county.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe main question in the cause is, whether the record produced by the defendant was conclusive of the jurisdictional facts therein contained. It stated, with due particularity, sufficient facts to give the justices jurisdiction under the law of New Jersey. Could that statement be questioned collaterally in another action brought in another State", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\n? If it could be, the ruling of the court was substantially correct. If not, there was error. It is true that the court charged generally that the record was only prim\u00e2 facie evidence of the facts stated therein; but as the jurisdictional question was the principal question at issue, and as the jury was required to find specially thereon, the charge may be regarded as having reference to the question of jurisdiction. And if upon that question it was correct, no injury was done to the defendant.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nWithout that provision of the Constitution of the United States which declares that \"full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State,\" and the act of Congress passed to carry it into effect, it is clear that the record in question would not be conclusive as to the facts necessary to give the justices of Monmouth County jurisdiction, whatever might be its effect in New Jersey", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn any other State it would be regarded like any foreign judgment; and as to a foreign judgment it is perfectly well settled that the inquiry is always open, whether the court by which it was rendered had jurisdiction of the person or the thing. \"Upon principle,\" says Chief Justice Marshall, \"it would seem that the operation of every judgment must depend on the power of the court to render that judgment; or, in other words, on its jurisdiction over the subject-matter which it has determined", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn some cases, that jurisdiction unquestionably depends as well on the state of the thing as on the constitution of the court. If by any means whatever a prize court should be induced to condemn, as prize of war, a vessel which was never captured, it could not be contended that this condemnation operated a change of property", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nUpon principle, then, it would seem that, to a certain extent, the capacity of the court to act upon the thing condemned, arising from its being within, or without, their jurisdiction, as well as the constitution of the court, may be considered by that tribunal which is to decide on the effect of the sentence.\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe act of Congress above referred to, which was passed 26th of May, 1790, after providing for the mode of authenticating the acts, records, and judicial proceedings of the States, declares, \"and the said records and judicial proceedings, authenticated as aforesaid, shall have such faith and credit given to them in every court within the United States, as they have by law or usage in the courts of the State from whence the said records are or shall be taken.\" It has been supposed that this act, in connection with the constitutional provision which it was intended to carry out, had the effect of rendering the judgments of each State equivalent to domestic judgments in every other State, or at least of giving to them in every other State the same effect, in all respects, which they have in the State where they are rendered", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nAnd the language of this court in Mills v. Duryee, seemed to give countenance to this idea. The court in that case held that the act gave to the judgments of each State the same conclusive effect, as records, in all the States, as they had at home; and that nil debet could not be pleaded to an action brought thereon in another State. This decision has never been departed from in relation to the general effect of such judgments where the questions raised were not questions of jurisdiction", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nBut where the jurisdiction of the court which rendered the judgment has been assailed, quite a different view has prevailed. Justice Story, who pronounced the judgment in Mills v", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nDuryee, in his Commentary on the Constitution, after stating the general doctrine established by that case with regard to the conclusive effect of judgments of one State in every other State, adds: \"But this does not prevent an inquiry into the jurisdiction of the court in which the original judgment was given, to pronounce it; or the right of the State itself to exercise authority over the person or the subject-matter", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe Constitution did not mean to confer [upon the States] a new power or jurisdiction, but simply to regulate the effect of the acknowledged jurisdiction over persons and things within their territory.\" In the Commentary on the Conflict of Laws, substantially the same remarks are repeated, with this addition: \"It\" (the Constitution) \"did not make the judgments of other States domestic judgments to all intents and purposes, but only gave a general validity, faith, and credit to them, as evidence", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nNo execution can issue upon such judgments without a new suit in the tribunals of other States. And they enjoy not the right of priority or lien which they have in the State where they are pronounced, but that only which the lex fori gives to them by its own laws in their character of foreign judgments.\" Many cases in the State courts are referred to by Justice Story in support of this view. Chancellor Kent expresses the same doctrine in nearly the same words, in a note to his Commentaries", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\n\"The doctrine in Mills v. Duryee,\" says he, \"is to be taken with the qualification that in all instances the jurisdiction of the court rendering the judgment may be inquired into, and the plea of nil debet will allow the defendant to show that the court had no jurisdiction over his person. It is only when the jurisdiction of the court in another State is not impeached, either as to the subject-matter or the person, that the record of the judgment is entitled to full faith and credit", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe court must have had jurisdiction not only of the cause, but of the parties, and in that case the judgment is final and conclusive.\" The learned commentator adds, however, this qualifying remark: \"A special plea in bar of a suit on a judgment in another State, to be valid, must deny, by positive averments, every fact which would go to show that the court in another State had jurisdiction of the person, or of the subject-matter.\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn the case of Hampton v. McConnel, this court reiterated the doctrine of Mills v. Duryee, that \"the judgment of a State court should have the same credit, validity, and effect in every other court of the United States which it had in the State courts where it was pronounced; and that whatever pleas would be good to a suit therein in such State, and none others, could be pleaded in any court in the United States.\" But in the subsequent case of McElmoyle v. Cohen, the court explained that neither in Mills v", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nDuryee, nor in Hampton v. McConnel, was it intended to exclude pleas of avoidance and satisfaction, such as payment, statute of limitations, c.; or pleas denying the jurisdiction of the court in which the judgment was given; and quoted, with approbation, the remark of Justice Story, that \"the Constitution did not mean to confer a new power of jurisdiction, but simply to regulate the effect of the acknowledged jurisdiction over persons and things within the State.\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe case of Landes v. Brant, has been quoted to show that a judgment cannot be attacked in a collateral proceeding. There a judgment relied on by the defendant was rendered in the Territory of Louisiana in 1808, and the objection to it was that no return appeared upon the summons, and the defendant was proved to have been absent in Mexico at the time; but the judgment commenced in the usual form, \"And now at this day come the parties aforesaid by their attorneys,\" c", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe court pertinently remarked, that the defendant may have left behind counsel to defend suits brought against him in his absence, but that if the recital was false and the judgment voidable for want of notice, it should have been set aside by audita querela or motion in the usual way, and could not be impeached collaterally. Here it is evident the proof failed to show want of jurisdiction", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe party assailing the judgment should have shown that the counsel who appeared were not employed by the defendant, according to the doctrine held in the cases of Shumway v. Stillman, Aldrich v. Kinney, and Price v. Ward. The remark of the court that the judgment could not be attacked in a collateral proceeding was unnecessary to the decision, and was, in effect, overruled by the subsequent cases of D'Arcy v. Ketchum and Webster v. Reid. D'Arcy v", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nKetchum was an action in the Circuit Court of the United States for Louisiana, brought on a judgment rendered in New York under a local statute, against two defendants, only one of whom was served with process, the other being a resident of Louisiana", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn that case it was held by this court that the judgment was void as to the defendant not served, and that the law of New York could not make it valid outside of that State; that the constitutional provision and act of Congress giving full faith, credit, and effect to the judgments of each State in every other State do not refer to judgments rendered by a court having no jurisdiction of the parties; that the mischief intended to be remedied was not only the inconvenience of retrying a cause which had once been fairly tried by a competent tribunal, but also the uncertainty and confusion that prevailed in England and this country as to the credit and effect which should be given to foreign judgments, some courts holding that they should be conclusive of the matters adjudged, and others that they should be regarded as only prim\u00e2 facie binding", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nBut this uncertainty and confusion related only to valid judgments; that is, to judgments rendered in a cause in which the court had jurisdiction of the parties and cause, or (as might have been added) in proceedings in rem, where the court had jurisdiction of the res. No effect was ever given by any court to a judgment rendered by a tribunal which had not such jurisdiction", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\n\"The international law as it existed among the States in 1790,\" say the court, \"was that a judgment rendered in one State, assuming to bind the person of a citizen of another, was void within the foreign State, when the defendant had not been served with process or voluntarily made defence, because neither the legislative jurisdiction, nor that of courts of justice, had binding force", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nSubject to this established principle, Congress also legislated; and the question is, whether it was intended to overthrow this principle and to declare a new rule, which would bind the citizens of one State to the laws of another. There was no evil in this part of the existing law, and no remedy called for, and in our opinion Congress did not intend to overthrow the old rule by the enactment that such faith and credit should be given to records of judgments as they had in the States where made.\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn the subsequent case of Webster v. Reid, the plaintiff claimed, by virtue of a sale made under judgments in behalf of one Johnson and one Brigham against \"The Owners of Half-Breed Lands lying in Lee County,\" Iowa Territory, in pursuance of a law of the Territory. The defendant offered to prove that no service had ever been made upon any person in the suits in which the judgments were rendered, and no notice by publication as required by the act", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThis court held that, as there was no service of process, the judgments were nullities. Perhaps it appeared on the face of the judgments in that case that no service was made; but the court held that the defendant was entitled to prove that no notice was given, and that none was published.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn Harris v. Hardeman et al., which was a writ of error to a judgment held void by the court for want of service of process on the defendant, the subject now under consideration was gone over by Mr. Justice Daniel at some length, and several cases in the State courts were cited and approved, which held that a judgment may be attacked in a collateral proceeding by showing that the court had no jurisdiction of the person, or, in proceedings in rem, no jurisdiction of the thing", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nAmongst other cases quoted were those of Borden v. Fitch, and Starbuck v. Murray; and from the latter the following remarks were quoted with apparent approval. \"But it is contended that if other matter may be pleaded by the defendant he is estopped from asserting anything against the allegation contained in the record. It imports perfect verity, it is said, and the parties to it cannot be heard to impeach it", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIt appears to me that this proposition assumes the very fact to be established, which is the only question in issue. For what purpose does the defendant question the jurisdiction of the court", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\n? Solely to show that its proceedings and judgment are void, and, therefore, the supposed record is, in truth, no record. . . . The plaintiffs, in effect, declare to the defendant, \u2014 the paper declared on is a record, because it says you appeared, and you appeared because the paper is a record. This is reasoning in a circle.\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nPage 466 15 Johnson, 141.\nThe subject is adverted to in several subsequent cases in this court, and generally, if not universally, in terms implying acquiescence in the doctrine stated in D'Arcy v. Ketchum.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThus, in Christmas v. Russell, where the court decided that fraud in obtaining a judgment in another State is a good ground of defence to an action on the judgment, it was distinctly stated, in the opinion, that such judgments are open to inquiry as to the jurisdiction of the court, and notice to the defendant", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nAnd in a number of cases, in which was questioned the jurisdiction of a court, whether of the same or another State, over the general subject-matter in which the particular case adjudicated was embraced, this court has maintained the same general language. Thus, in Elliott et al. v", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nPeirsol et al., it was held that the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Kentucky might question the jurisdiction of a county court of that State to order a certificate of acknowledgment to be corrected; and for want of such jurisdiction to regard the order as void", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nJustice Trimble, delivering the opinion of this court in that case, said: \"Where a court has jurisdiction, it has a right to decide every question which occurs in the cause, and whether its decision be correct or otherwise, its judgment, until reversed, is regarded as binding in every other court. But, if it act without authority, its judgments and orders are regarded as nullities. They are not voidable, but simply void.\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe same views were repeated in The United States v. Arredondo, Vorhees v. Bank of the United States, Wilcox v. Jackson, Shriver's Lessee v. Lynn, Hickey's Lessee v. Stewart, and Williamson v. Berry", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn the last case the authorities are reviewed, and the court say: \"The jurisdiction of any court exercising authority over a subject may be inquired into in every other court when the proceedings in the former are relied upon and brought before the latter by a party claiming the benefit of such proceedings;\" and \"the rule prevails whether the decree or judgment has been given in a court of admiralty, chancery, ecclesiastical court, or court of common law, or whether the point ruled has arisen under the laws of nations, the practice in chancery, or the municipal laws of States.\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nPage 467 6 Peters, 691.\nPage 467 10 Id. 475.\nPage 467 2 Howard, 59, 60.\nPage 467 3 Id. 762.\nBut it must be admitted that no decision has ever been made on the precise point involved in the case before us, in which evidence was admitted to contradict the record as to jurisdictional facts asserted therein, and especially as to facts stated to have been passed upon by the court.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nBut if it is once conceded that the validity of a judgment may be attacked collaterally by evidence showing that the court had no jurisdiction, it is not perceived how any allegation contained in the record itself, however strongly made, can affect the right so to question it. The very object of the evidence is to invalidate the paper as a record. If that can be successfully done no statements contained therein have any force", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIf any such statements could be used to prevent inquiry, a slight form of words might always be adopted so as effectually to nullify the right of such inquiry. Recitals of this kind must be regarded like asseverations of good faith in a deed, which avail nothing if the instrument is shown to be fraudulent", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe records of the domestic tribunals of England and some of the States, it is true, are held to import absolute verity as well in relation to jurisdictional as to other facts, in all collateral proceedings. Public policy and the dignity of the courts are supposed to require that no averment shall be admitted to contradict the record. But, as we have seen, that rule has no extra-territorial force.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIt may be observed that no courts have more decidedly affirmed the doctrine that want of jurisdiction may be shown by proof to invalidate the judgments of the courts of other States, than have the courts of New Jersey. The subject was examined and the doctrine affirmed, after a careful review of the cases, in the case of Moulin v. Insurance Company, in 4 Zabriskie, and again in the same case in 1 Dutcher, and in Price v. Ward; and as lately as November, 1870, in the case of Mackay et al. v. Gordon et al", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThe judgment of Chief Justice Beasley in the last case is an able exposition of the law. It was a case similar to that of D'Arcy v. Ketchum, in 11 Howard, being a judgment rendered in New York under the statutes of that State, before referred to, against two persons, one of whom was not served with process. \"Every independent government,\" says the chief justice, \"is at liberty to prescribe its own methods of judicial process, and to declare by what forms parties shall be brought before its tribunals", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nBut, in the exercise of this power, no government, if it desires extra-territorial recognition of its acts, can violate those rights which are universally esteemed fundamental and essential to society. Thus a judgment by the court of a State against a citizen of such State, in his absence, and without any notice, express or implied, would, it is presumed, be regarded in every external jurisdiction as absolutely void and unenforceable", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nPage 469 34 New Jersey, 286.\nOn the whole, we think it clear that the jurisdiction of the court by which a judgment is rendered in any State may be questioned in a collateral proceeding in another State, notwithstanding the provision of the fourth article of the Constitution and the law of 1790, and notwithstanding the averments contained in the record of the judgment itself.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nThis is decisive of the case; for, according to the findings of the jury, the justices of Monmouth County could not have had any jurisdiction to condemn the sloop in question. It is true she was seized in the waters of New Jersey; but the express finding is, that the seizure was not made within the limits of the county of Monmouth, and that no clams were raked within the county on that day", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\n\"It shall be the duty of all sheriffs and constables, and may be lawful for any other person or persons, to seize and secure any such canoe, flat, scow, boat, or other vessel as aforesaid, and immediately thereupon give information thereof to two justices of the peace of the county where such seizure shall have been made, who are hereby empowered and required to meet at such time and place as they shall appoint for the trial thereof, and hear and determine the same; and in case the same shall be condemned, it shall be sold by the order of and under the direction of the said justices, who, after deducting all legal costs and charges, shall pay one-half of the proceeds of said sale to the collector of the county in which such offence shall have been committed, and the other half to the person who shall have seized and prosecuted the same.\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nFrom this it appears that the seizure must be made in a county, and that the case can only be heard by justices of the county where it is made \u2014 \"two justices of the peace of the county where such seizure shall have been made.\" The seizure in this case as specially found by the jury, was not made in Monmouth County; but the justices who tried the case were justices of that county. Consequently the justices had no jurisdiction, and the record had no validity.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIt is argued that the seizure was continuous in its character, and became a seizure in Monmouth County when the sloop was carried into that county. This position is untenable. Suppose the seizure had been made in Cumberland County, in Delaware Bay, could the sloop have been carried around to Monmouth County and there condemned, on the ground that the seizure was continuous, and became finally a seizure in Monmouth County", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\n? This would hardly be contended. But it is said that the seizure was made within the State, off the county of Monmouth, and not within the limits of any county; and, hence, that Monmouth County was the first county in which the seizure took place. If this had been true (as it undoubtedly was), and the jury had so found, still it would not have helped the case. The major proposition is not correct. A seizure is a single act, and not a continuous fact. Possession, which follows seizure, is continuous", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIt is the seizure which must be made within the county where the vessel is to be proceeded against and condemned. The case may have been a casus omissus in the law; it is certainly not included in it.", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nAs this disposes of all the errors which have been assigned, the judgment must be\nIn Thompson v. Whitman, 18 Wall. (U.S.) 457, 463, 21 L. Ed. 897, 900, it is held only where \"the jurisdiction of the court in another State is not impeached, either as to the subject-matter or the person\" is the record of the judgment entitled to full faith and credit.\nSummary of this case from McKee v. McKee", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn Thompson v. Whitman, 18 Wall. (U.S.) 457, 469, 21 L. ed. 897, 902, upon full consideration, it was said: \"On the whole, we think it clear that the jurisdiction of the court by which a judgment is rendered in any state may be questioned in a collateral proceeding in another state, notwithstanding the provision of the 4th article of the Constitution and the law of 1790 [28 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 687], and notwithstanding the averments contained in the record of the judgment itself.\"", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nSummary of this case from In re Hanrahan's Will\nIn Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457, it is held that the constitutional provision \"does not prevent inquiry into the jurisdiction of the court by which a judgment offered in evidence was rendered.\nSummary of this case from State v. Herron\nstating that, in a vessel seizure case, \" seizure is a single act, and not a continuous fact\"\nSummary of this case from State v. Brannon", "Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457 | Casetext Search + Citator\nIn Thompson v. Whitman, 85 U.S. 457, 21 L. ed. 897 the court stated (p. 469): \"On the whole, we think it clear that the jurisdiction of the court by which a judgment is rendered in any State may be questioned in a collateral proceeding in another State, notwithstanding the provision of the fourth article of the Constitution and the law of 1790, and notwithstanding the averments contained in the record of the judgment itself.\"\nSummary of this case from Commonwealth ex Rel. Cronhardt v. Cronhardt"]

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0.0]], \"rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction\": [[0, 20, 0.1], [20, 36, 0.1875], [36, 146, 0.00909091], [146, 164, 0.11111111], [164, 272, 0.06481481], [272, 304, 0.5], [304, 315, 0.27272727], [315, 343, 0.07142857], [343, 362, 0.10526316], [362, 731, 0.03252033], [731, 779, 0.0625], [779, 795, 0.125], [795, 815, 0.55], [815, 2214, 0.01000715], [2214, 2403, 0.08465608], [2403, 2490, 0.12643678], [2490, 2599, 0.05504587], [2599, 3264, 0.01503759], [3264, 4047, 0.01021711], [4047, 4320, 0.04029304], [4320, 5948, 0.01658477], [5948, 5965, 0.05882353], [5965, 6206, 0.01659751], [6206, 6395, 0.01587302], [6395, 6427, 0.09375], [6427, 6686, 0.01544402], [6686, 7589, 0.00885936], [7589, 8317, 0.01098901], [8317, 8373, 0.16071429], [8373, 9220, 0.01180638], [9220, 10815, 0.01253918], [10815, 10940, 0.064], [10940, 14794, 0.01608718], [14794, 14818, 0.08333333], [14818, 14829, 0.09090909], [14829, 14839, 0.1], [14839, 14899, 0.01666667], [14899, 15881, 0.02647658], [15881, 15906, 0.08], [15906, 15931, 0.08], [15931, 19624, 0.01462226], [19624, 19649, 0.08], [19649, 19659, 0.1], [19659, 19684, 0.08], [19684, 19697, 0.07692308], [19697, 19722, 0.08], [19722, 20465, 0.02422611], [20465, 21878, 0.01344657], [21878, 21904, 0.07692308], [21904, 22085, 0.02209945], [22085, 23394, 0.01604278], [23394, 23419, 0.08], [23419, 23448, 0.06896552], [23448, 24233, 0.02802548], [24233, 24257, 0.08333333], [24257, 24278, 0.0952381], [24278, 24305, 0.07407407], [24305, 24325, 0.1], [24325, 24612, 0.00348432], [24612, 25752, 0.00877193], [25752, 27314, 0.02176697], [27314, 27343, 0.10344828], [27343, 27693, 0.01142857], [27693, 28211, 0.01544402], [28211, 29061, 0.00117647], [29061, 29524, 0.01079914], [29524, 30655, 0.02210433], [30655, 30737, 0.01219512], [30737, 31007, 0.03333333], [31007, 31048, 0.12195122], [31048, 31525, 0.02725367], [31525, 31573, 0.08333333], [31573, 31770, 0.02538071], [31770, 31812, 0.07142857], [31812, 31906, 0.0], [31906, 31949, 0.06976744], [31949, 32379, 0.02325581], [32379, 32448, 0.07246377]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 32448, 0.96558398]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 32448, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 32448, 0.89563173]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 32448, 1401.0813199]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 32448, 889.26745776]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 32448, 878.82380211]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 32448, 282.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

http://digital.lib.ecu.edu/ncpi/results.aspx?q=journal:We%20the%20People%20of%20North%20Carolina&fq=issue:Vol.%2048%20Issue%202,%20Feb%201990

Request Rejected

["Request Rejected\n3 results for \"We the People of North Carolina\" issue:Vol. 48 Issue 2, Feb 1990 Currently viewing results 1 - 3\n1. NCSU Helps NC Industries to Move Toward the Factory of the Future by Reid, Rosalind We the People of North Carolina Vol. 48 Issue 2, Feb 1990\nReid, Rosalind", "Request Rejected\nWorld competition, rapid technological change, and increasingly demanding consumers are forcing manufacturers to look at their operations in radically different and new ways. North Carolina State University, meanwhile, is committed to serving as a driving force behind North Carolina's efforts to compete in the fast-changing marketplace.\nWe the People of North Carolina (NoCar F 251 W4), Vol. 48 Issue 2, Feb 1990, p14-16, 18-19, f", "Request Rejected\n2. Wayne Community College Prepares Today's Workers for Tomorrow's Jobs by Bennett, Bill We the People of North Carolina Vol. 48 Issue 2, Feb 1990\nBennett, Bill\nA member of North Carolina's rapidly growing system of 58 technical institutes and community colleges, Wayne Community College was established in 1957. Growing programs include electronics engineering, industrial engineering, and business.\nWe the People of North Carolina (NoCar F 251 W4), Vol. 48 Issue 2, Feb 1990, p34, 36, f", "Request Rejected\nWayne Community College (Goldsboro)\n3. Goldsboro and Wayne County are Really Something Special by Price, Eugene We the People of North Carolina Vol. 48 Issue 2, Feb 1990\nPrice, Eugene\nThis community profile of Goldsboro in Wayne County details the characteristics that make the community special, from the location and the Air Force base, to the businesses and educational opportunities.\nWe the People of North Carolina (NoCar F 251 W4), Vol. 48 Issue 2, Feb 1990, p20, 22, 24, 28-30, 32, 34, f"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/studies/4278?geography=North+Carolina&geography%255B1%255D=United+States&permit%255B0%255D=AVAILABLE&dataFormat%255B0%255D=Delimited&paging.startRow=1

Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003

["Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nSearch Data Site\nDiscover Data\nNIJ Data Deposits\nOJJDP Data Deposits\nBJS Data Deposits\nOther Data Deposits\nLearning and Data Guides\nRestricted Data Resources\nAnalyze Data Online\n@nackjaydee\nAssessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003 (ICPSR 4278)\nVersion Date: Sep 27, 2007 View help for published", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nCurtin, Patrick, Thomas, David, Felker, Daniel B., and Weingart, Eric. Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2007-09-27. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04278.v1\nPatrick Curtin, Caliber Associates; David Thomas, Caliber Associates; Daniel B. Felker, Caliber Associates; Eric Weingart, Caliber Associates", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nThis trends and best practices evaluation geared toward motor vehicle theft prevention with a particular focus on the Watch Your Car (WYC) program was conducted between October 2002 and March 2004. On-site and telephone interviews were conducted with administrators from 11 of 13 WYC member states. Surveys were mailed to the administrators of auto theft prevention programs in 36 non-WYC states and the 10 cities with the highest motor vehicle theft rates", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nCompleted surveys were returned from 16 non-WYC states and five of the high auto theft rate cities. Part 1, the survey for Watch Your Car (WYC) program members, includes questions about how respondents learned about the WYC program, their WYC related program activities, the outcomes of their program, ways in which they might have done things differently if given the opportunity, and summary questions that asked WYC program administrators for their opinions about various aspects of the overall WYC program", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nThe survey for the nonmember states, Part 2, and cities, Part 3, collected information about motor vehicle theft prevention within the respondent's state or city and asked questions about the respondent's knowledge of, and opinions about, the Watch Your Car program.", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nUnited States Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. National Institute of Justice (ASP-T-033)\nauto theft crime control programs crime prevention crime reduction property crimes stolen property stolen vehicles", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nNorth Carolina Vermont United States Tennessee Arkansas Utah West Virginia Colorado Missouri Virgin Islands of the United States Phoenix Arizona Las Vegas Nevada District of Columbia Montana Sacramento Seattle Hawaii Minnesota California Florida New York (state) Delaware New Jersey Michigan Pennsylvania Mississippi Iowa Illinois Connecticut Maryland\nPart 1: State, Part 2: State, Part 3: City\nRestrictions View help for Restrictions", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nAccess to these data is restricted. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete a Restricted Data Use Agreement, specify the reasons for the request, and obtain IRB approval or notice of exemption for their research.\n2002-10 -- 2004-04", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nThis data collection does not include data from the on-site interview conducted with the Watch Your Car program representative from Massachusetts or the telephone interview with the representative from Washington. Likewise, this data collection does not include the cost analysis data.", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nThe goal of the study was to research and identify trends and best practices that were geared toward motor vehicle theft prevention with a particular focus on the Watch Your Car program. The Watch Your Car program (WYC), sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), involves motor vehicle owners who voluntarily place stickers in their windshields that alert police that they can stop the car for a theft check during certain hours of the night and in certain locations.", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nThe current study was a trends and best practices evaluation of motor vehicle theft prevention methods, with particular focus on the Watch Your Car program, conducted from October 2002 through March 2004. The Watch Your Car program (WYC), sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), involves motor vehicle owners who voluntarily place stickers in the windshields that alert police that they can stop the car for a theft check during certain hours of the night and in certain locations", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nOn-site interviews were conducted with WYC administrators from Arizona, New York, Connecticut, Delaware, and Massachusetts. For the remaining WYC member states, the member survey was distributed in advance of a phone interview with instructions to review and answer the survey. During the telephone interview, the survey was reviewed and there was discussion of issues that were brought up by the respondent or by their answers to the survey questions", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nIf the WYC administrator had not completed the survey by the time the site visit or telephone interview was conducted, they were asked to return the completed survey form as soon as possible. Follow up calls were made to the administrators of WYC programs who had not returned the survey", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nIn order to find contact information for non-WYC states and the ten cities with the highest vehicle theft rates, relevant state or city police web sites were reviewed looking for specific information about vehicle theft prevention. If there was a phone number specifically for vehicle theft prevention, it was used. Otherwise, the main police information phone number was used", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nThe purpose of the call was explained and contact information was collected on the person to whom the survey about vehicle theft prevention methods could sent. For nonmember states, the contact information usually led to an individual within the state police, highway patrol, or department of public safety. For the ten cities, the contact information usually led to an employee within the police department", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nIt was thought that there may be regional difference in the way motor vehicle theft prevention was handled, and therefore seven versions of the survey for the non-WYC states were created. Likewise, three versions of the survey for the ten cities with the highest motor vehicle theft rates were created. The surveys were regionalized by asking respondents how certain aspects of their region of the country or their city might impact their approach to motor vehicle theft prevention", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nThe groupings for the regional state surveys were based on geographic region with consideration given to the influence of such factors as proximity to international borders and ports. Except for the regionally oriented questions, the format and content of the questions within the surveys was held constant", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nAs the site visits and interviews with the WYC member states came to a close, the regional surveys to the motor vehicle theft prevention administrators in the nonmember states and the ten cities with the highest motor vehicle theft rates were distributed. As the response rates began to slow for these two groups, electronic versions of the nonmember and city surveys were created", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nIn an attempt to increase the response rate, these electronic forms were sent by email to those individuals and agencies who had not yet responded.", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nSurveys were sent to 47 states, Washington D.C., the United States Virgin Islands, and the island of St. Croix. Three states, Idaho, Kansas, and Wisconsin were excluded because they did not deal with auto theft prevention at the state level. Watch Your Car program (WYC) members were identified through their various Web sites. Similarly, the contact person for nonmember states was identified through a search of state police Web sites", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nSurveys were also sent to the 10 cities cited by the National Insurance Crime Bureau as having the highest auto theft rates, with the contact person identified through a search of the city's police Web site.", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nAll administrators of auto theft prevention programs in all states, cities, or insular areas of the United States between October 2002 and March 2004.\nData for this collection were obtained from on-site interviews, telephone interviews, and questionnaires mailed to the respondents.\non-site questionnaire mail questionnaire telephone interview\nDescription of Variables View help for Description of Variables", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nPart 1, the survey for Watch Your Car (WYC) program members consisted of 48 open and closed-ended questions that were divided among five major sections including: how they learned about the WYC program, their WYC related program activities, the outcomes of their program, ways in which they might have done things differently if given the opportunity, and summary questions that asked WYC program administrators for their opinions about various aspects of the overall WYC program", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nThe survey for the nonmember states, Part 2, and cities, Part 3, were divided into two sections. The first section collected information about motor vehicle theft prevention within the respondent's state or city. The second section addresses the respondent's knowledge of, and opinions about, the Watch Your Car program.", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nCompleted surveys were received from 11 of the 13 Watch Your Car (WYC) member states for a response rate of 85 percent. For nonmember states, 36 surveys were sent out, of which 16 were returned, for a response rate of 44 percent. For the 10 cities with the highest motor vehicle theft rates there was a response rate of 50 percent, with 5 out the 10 surveys sent out returned.\nPresence of Common Scales View help for Presence of Common Scales", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nCurtin, Patrick, David Thomas, Daniel B. Felker, and Eric Weingart. Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003. ICPSR04278-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2007-09-27. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04278.v1\nThe public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public. Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nOne or more files in this data collection have special restrictions. Restricted data files are not available for direct download from the website; click on the Restricted Data button to learn more.", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nThis dataset is maintained and distributed by the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), the criminal justice archive within ICPSR. NACJD is primarily sponsored by three agencies within the U.S. Department of Justice: the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nThis website is funded through Inter-agency agreements through the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Neither the U.S", "Assessing Trends and Best Practices of Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Programs in the United States, 2003\nDepartment of Justice nor any of its components operate, control, are responsible for, or necessarily endorse, this website (including, without limitation, its content, technical infrastructure, and policies, and any services or tools provided)."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://catalog.pstcc.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=7&coid=7825

ECED 2335 - Initial Practicum - Acalog ACMS™

["ECED 2335 - Initial Practicum - Acalog ACMS\u2122\nA supervised practicum that includes a minimum of 30 clock hours of instruction and 45 clock hours in a clinical site approved by the department (accredited agency, 3-Star, or department-approved site). These hours may be completed at the student\u2019s employment site with department approval. The course includes a study of the physical and human qualities that combine to create an environment that is safe and healthy and that promotes optimum learning for young children from birth through age 8", "ECED 2335 - Initial Practicum - Acalog ACMS\u2122\nSTEA membership and possible criminal background check required for participation in the field experience component of the course."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.irishrugby.ie/news/20148.php

Irish Rugby | News

["Irish Rugby | News\nIRFU Seeks Withdrawal Of Advertising Campaign\nThe IRFU has today called for the withdrawal of a misleading advertising campaign\n\u00a9 IRFU\nThe Irish Rugby Football Union has made contact, through its solicitors, with Largo Foods, the distributors of Hunky Dorys, and requested that they immediately withdraw the current advertising campaign, the strap line for which claims Hunky Dorys to be 'Proud Sponsors of Irish Rugby.'", "Irish Rugby | News\nPadraig Power, the IRFU's Commercial and Marketing Director, stated: \"This advertising campaign is in very bad taste and one which the IRFU would not want to be associated with in any way.\n\"Firstly, its blatant exploitation of women is tasteless and base, and quite simply unacceptable. Irish rugby has a strong family focus and would not tolerate any connection with such an approach.", "Irish Rugby | News\n\"Secondly, the claim that the product is a 'Proud Sponsor of Irish Rugby' implies that the company is a significant sponsor of the game in this country, through the IRFU. This is absolutely untrue and a cynical ploy in an attempt to capitalise on the popularity of the game.", "Irish Rugby | News\n\"By doing so, it has the potential to undermine the legitimate claims of the many genuine sponsors and supporters of Irish rugby whose investment has been a key element in the success of rugby at grassroots level throughout the country, and of our provincial and national squads.\n\"In addition to pursuing the immediate withdrawal of the campaign through legal means, we are also writing to the Advertising Standards Authority of Ireland bringing to their attention the misleading claims.", "Irish Rugby | News\n\"We would hope that the management of Largo Foods would withdraw the campaign immediately.\"\nSign up now to stay IN TOUCH\nJoin online now!"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://2011keralaelectionresults.blogspot.com/2016/02/golden-age-for-oommen-chandy-company.html

Golden age for Oommen Chandy, company, says Pinarayi ~ KERALA NEWS

["Golden age for Oommen Chandy, company, says Pinarayi ~ KERALA NEWS\nGolden age for Oommen Chandy, company, says Pinarayi\nIDUKKI: The last five years was a golden age for Chief Minister Oommen Chandy and his company and not for the government, said CPM politburo member Pinarayi Vijayan. He said this while reacting to Governor Justice P Sathisivam\u2019s customary policy address that the last five years of the UDF Government was a golden age for Kerala.", "Golden age for Oommen Chandy, company, says Pinarayi ~ KERALA NEWS\nPinarayi said there was anarchism in all sectors during the tenure of this government. The law and order situation has deteriorated. Goons are unleashing violence in the state. The probe in the bar case was handed over to the crime branch to influence the investigating officials. The corruption witnessed during the tenure of Oommen Chandy has not been seen before.", "Golden age for Oommen Chandy, company, says Pinarayi ~ KERALA NEWS\nIn reply to a question, he said there is no need to expand the LDF now. He said this when hinted about the accommodation of P C George and R Balakrishna Pillai, who have left the UDF.\nLabels: company, Golden age for Oommen Chandy, says Pinarayi"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt:31735054854199

Request Rejected

["Request Rejected\nThe History of the county of Highland, in the state of Ohio\nThe history of the county of Highland, in the state of Ohio: from its first creation and organization, to July 4th, 1876; together with the proceedings of the assembled people, who met on that day at Hillsboro, the county seat, to celebrate the centennial birthday of the nation. And, also, a continuation of the history to December 31st, 1877\n132 p. illus. 24 cm.\nHillsboro Gazette Job Room\nHighland County (Ohio)--History\nHighland County (Ohio)"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/mrcvault/videographies/genre/documentaries-1930s

Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library

["Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nBrowse Videographies\nAll Videographies\nBy Language or Country\nMRC Vault home\nKanopy Streaming\nLFLFC\nStreaming & Clipping Guide\nMRC location & services\nSearch MRC Vault\nSearch OskiCat\nDocumentaries on the 1930's\nAdolph Zukor Presents Broadway Highlights: Intimate News of the Gay White Way.", "Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nPresents a series of newsreel segments from the 1930s of celebrities of the day visiting New York's hot Broadway shows. Many prominent Big Apple personalities are shown, making this feature an important historical document as well as very entertaining viewing. Originally produced in 1936. 60 min.\nRead more about Adolph Zukor Presents Broadway Highlights: Intimate News of the Gay White Way.\nAmerica, Lost and Found: The Depression Decade", "Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nUses newsreels, old photographs, feature film clips, advertisements, and home movies to create a portrait of America in the 1930's. Conveys the psychological impact of the economic and social collapse that accompanied the Great Depression in the United States, how America reacted to the loss of its dreams and how these dreams were rebuilt. 1979. 59 min.\nRead more about America, Lost and Found: The Depression Decade\nAmerica: The Promise Fulfilled and the Promise Broken.", "Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nDeals with the promise of unlimited prosperity after World War I, the boom of the 1920's, the Depression and the New Deal. With Alistair Cooke. 52 min.\nRead more about America: The Promise Fulfilled and the Promise Broken.\nAmerican Musical Theater: 1800's to 1960's: Pt3. The twenties and the thirties", "Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nContents: Irene (1920). Sally. Shuffle along. Lady be good (1924). Bombo.Music Box revues (1921). Rose-Marie (1924). Student Prince. Showboat(1927). Of thee I sing (1931). Porgy and Bess (1935). Pins and needles(1937). Cradle will rock. Anything goes. Jumbo (1935). Babes in arms.\nRead more about American Musical Theater: 1800's to 1960's: Pt3. The twenties and the thirties\nAmerican Visions: Streamlines and Breadlines.", "Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nExamines the mythic images of the 1920's and 30's as skyscrapers rise in New York and the rural heartland is idealized by Regionalists like Thomas Hart. Artists of the WPA celebrate the worker as hero, while Jacob Lawrence tells stories of black America, and ambitious New Deal projects like Hoover Dam project self-confidence in hard times. Also examines the work of Raymond Hood, Edward Hopper, Stuart Davis, and Grant Wood. Written and narrated by Robert Hughes.", "Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nTraces the lives of four of the 20th century's leading thinkers, Daniel Bell, Nathan Glazer, Irving Howe and Irving Kristol. They have been disagreeing with a vengeance since they studied together at New York City College in the 1930s. This film traces their early idealistic days, their controversial role in the McCarthy era, their battle with the New Left in the sixties, and their vastly differing political views today. A film by Joseph Dorman. 1997. 84 min.\nRead more about Arguing the World.", "Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nArtists at Work: A Film on the New Deal Art Projects\nAn in-depth survey of the federal programs for support of visual artists during the depression. Several artists recount experiences with WPA's art project and other programs. Shows works of art created during the New Deal era and discusses the destruction and loss of many works of art produced then. Producer and director, Mary Lance. 1981. 35 min.\nRead more about Artists at Work: A Film on the New Deal Art Projects", "Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nBaseball: Fifth Inning, 1930-1940, Shadow Ball.\nBaseball struggles to survive during the years of the Great Depression. America's game has another struggle too--the stain of racial segregation. A Film by Ken Burns. 126 min.\nRead more about Baseball: Fifth Inning, 1930-1940, Shadow Ball.\nBreadline, 1929 (People's Century)", "Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nThe 1920s found Americans enjoying the fruits of a new prosperity in a post-war boom. Then, in 1929, the New York Stock Exchange crashed; banks failed and industry withered. From Europe and the United States to Latin America and Asia, the Great Depression shattered economies and communities worldwide. In this film the people who were there remember the blow as workers from the United States, Chile, Britain, Belgium and Scandinavia recall the hungry 1930s. Originally shown on PBS stations in 1997. 56 min.", "Wrong shelf. | UC Berkeley Library\nThis documentary juxtaposes newsreel footage, film clips and period music in an eye-opening look at the Great Depression. Many of the movies created in the 1930s featured strong social commentary, while others offered pure escapism and fed a fascination with a dazzling world out of reach to the everyday American. Through a contrast between the fantasy of film and the reality of everyday life, a fascinating perspective on the Great Depression and Hollywood's golden age is presented"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/LAP_LEO/LAUNDRY.html

Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog

["Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nLAUNDRY, a place or establishment where soiled linen, &c., is washed. The word is a contraction of an'earlier form lavendry, from Lat. lavanda, things to be washed, lavare, to wash. \" Launder,\" a similar contraction of lavender, was one (of either sex) who washes linen; from its use as a verb came the form \" launderer,\" employed as both masculine and feminine in America, and the feminine form \" laundress,\" which is also applied to a female caretaker of chambers in the Inns of Court, London", "Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nLaundry-work has become an important industry, organized on a scale which requires elaborate mechanical plant very different from the simple appliances that once sufficed for domestic needs. For the actual cleansing of the articles, instead of being rubbed by the hand or trodden by the foot of the washer-woman, or stirred and beaten with a \" dolly \" in the wash-tub, they are very commonly treated in rotary washing machines driven by power", "Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nThese machines consist of an outer casing containing an inner horizontal cylindrical cage, in which the clothes are placed. By the rotation of this cage, which is reversed by automatic gearing every few turns, they are rubbed and tumbled on each other in the soap and water which is contained in the outer casing and enters the inner cylinder through perforations", "Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nThe outer casing is provided with inlet valves for hot and cold water, and with discharge valves; and often also arrangements are made for the admission of steam under pressure, so that the contents can be boiled. Thus the operations of washing, boiling, rinsing and blueing (this last being the addition of a blue colouring matter to mask the yellow tint and thus give the linen the appearance of whiteness) can be performed without removing the articles from the machine", "Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nFor drying, the old methods of wringing by hand, or by machines in which the clothes were squeezed between rollers of wood or india-rubber, have been largely superseded by \" hydro-extractors \" or \" centrifugals.\" In these the wet garments are placed in a perforated cage or basket, supported on vertical bearings, which is rotated at a high speed (l000 to 1500 times a minute) and in a short time as much as 85% of the moisture may thus be removed", "Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nThe drying is often completed in an apartment through which dry air is forced by fans. In the process of finishing linen the old-fashioned laundress made use of the mangle, about the only piece of mechanism at her disposal. In the box-mangle the articles were pressed on a flat surface by rollers which were weighted with a box full of stones, moved to and fro by a rack and pinion", "Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nIn a later and less cumbrous form of the machine they were passed between wooden rollers or \" bowls \" held close together by weighted levers. An important advance was marked by the introduction of machines which not only smooth and press the linen like the mangle, but also give it the glazed finish obtained by hot ironing. Machines of this kind are essentially the same as the calenders used in paper and textile manufacture", "Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nThey are made in a great variety of forms, to enable them to deal with articles of different shapes, but they may be described generally as consisting either of a polished metal roller, heated by steam or gas, which works against a blanketted or felted surface in the form of another roller or a flat table, or, as in the Decoudun type, of a felted metal roller rotating against a heated concave bed of polished metal", "Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nIn cases where hand-ironing is resorted to, time is economized by the employment of irons which are continuously heated by gas or electricity. LA UNION, a seaport and the capital of the department of La Union, Salvador, 144 M. E.S.E. of San Salvador. Pop. (1905)about 4000. La Union is situated at the foot of a lofty volcano, variously known as Conchagua, Pinos and Meanguera, and on a broad indentation in the western shore of Fonseca Bay", "Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nIts harbour, the best in the republic, is secure in all weathers and affords good anchorage to large ships. La Union is the port of shipment for the exports of San Miguel and other centres of production in eastern Salvador. LA UNION, a town of eastern Spain in the province of Murcia, 5 M. by rail E. of Cartagena and close to the Mediterranean Sea. Pop. (1900) 30,275, of whom little more than half inhabit the town itself", "Free Site Search Engine - put a search engine on your web site or add search to your blog\nThe rest are scattered among the numerous metal works and mines of iron, manganese, calamine, sulphur and lead, which are included within the municipal boundaries. La Union is quite a modern town, having sprung -up in the second half of the 19th century. It has good modern municipal buildings, schools, hospital, town hall and large factories."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://embryo.asu.edu/search?text=cord%20blood%20stem%20cell%20banking&amp%3Bamp%3Bpage=24&amp%3Bf%5B0%5D=dc_subject_embryo%3A19&f%5B0%5D=dc_subject_embryo%3A143

Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia

["Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\n\"A Stochastic Model of Stem Cell Proliferation, Based on the Growth of Spleen Colony-Forming Cells\u201d (1964) by James Till, Ernest McCulloch, and Louis Siminovitch", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn 1964, authors James Till, Ernest McCulloch, and Louis Siminovitch, published A Stochastic Model of Stem Cell Proliferation, Based on The Growth of Spleen Colony-Forming Cells, which discussed possible mechanisms that control stem cell division. The authors wrote the article following their experiments with spleens of irradiated mice to demonstrate the existence of stem cells, had unknown properties.\nHeLa Cell Line", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nThe HeLa cell line was the first immortal human cell line that George Otto Gey, Margaret Gey, and Mary Kucibek first isolated from Henrietta Lacks and developed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1951. An immortal human cell line is a cluster of cells that continuously multiply on their own outside of the human from which they originated. Scientists use immortal human cell lines in their research to investigate how cells function in humans.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nJames Edgar Till is a biophysicist known for establishing the existence of stem cells along with Ernest McCulloch in 1963. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can shift, or differentiate, into specialized types of cells and serve as a repair system in the body by dividing indefinitely to replenish other cells", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nTill\u2019s work with stem cells in bone marrow, which produces the body\u2019s blood cells, helped form the field of modern hematology, a medical discipline that focuses on diseases related to the blood.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nThe first successful cloning of a gaur in 2000 by Advanced Cell Technology involved the cells of two animals: an egg cell from a domestic cow and a skin cell from a gaur. The researchers extracted the egg cell from the ovary of the domestic cow and the skin cell from the skin of the gaur. First, the researchers performed nuclear transplantation on the egg cell of the cow, during which they removed the nucleus of the egg cell. The mitochondria of the egg cell remained intact inside the cell.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nSubject: Experiments, Organisms, Reproduction\nInduced Pluripotent Stem Cell Experiments by Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 and 2007", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to produce many different types of cells. Takahashi and Yamanaka also experimented with human cell cultures in 2007. Each worked at Kyoto University in Kyoto, Japan", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nThey called the pluripotent stem cells that they produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) because they had induced the adult cells, called differentiated cells, to become pluripotent stem cells through genetic manipulation.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\n'On the Permanent Life of Tissues outside of the Organism' reports Alexis Carrel's 1912 experiments on the maintenance of tissue in culture media. At the time, Carrel was a French surgeon and biologist working at the Rockefeller Institute in New York City. In his paper, Carrel reported that he had successfully maintained tissue cultures, which derived from connective tissues of developing chicks and other tissue sources, by serially culturing them.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\n\"Transfer of Fetal Cells with Multilineage Potential to Maternal Tissue\" (2004), by Kiarash Khosrotehrani et al.\nIn 2004, a team of researchers at Tufts-New England\nMedical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, investigated the fetal\ncells that remained in the maternal blood stream after pregnancy.\nThe results were published in Transfer of Fetal Cells with\nMultilineage Potential to Maternal Tissue. The team working on that\nresearch included Kiarash Khosrotehrani, Kirby L. Johnson, Dong", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nHyun Cha, Robert N. Salomon, and Diana W. Bianchi. The researchers\nreported that the fetal cells passed to a pregnant woman during\nSubject: Experiments, Reproduction\n\"Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells without Myc from Mouse and Human Fibroblasts\" (2007), by Masato Nakagawa et al.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn November 2007, Masato Nakagawa, along with a number of other researchers including Kazutoshi Takahashi, Keisuke Okita, and Shinya Yamanaka, published \"Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells without Myc from Mouse and Human Fibroblasts\" (abbreviated \"Generation\") in Nature. In \"Generation,\" the authors point to dedifferentiation of somatic cells as an avenue for generating pluripotent stem cells useful for treating specific patients and diseases.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nUsing Digital PCR to Detect Fetal Chromosomal Aneuploidy in Maternal Blood (2007)\nIn 2007, Dennis Lo and his colleagues used digital polymerase chain reaction or PCR to detect trisomy 21 in maternal blood, validating the method as a means to detect fetal chromosomal aneuploidies, or an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. The team conducted their research at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and at the Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nAdvanced Cell Technology (ACT), a stem cell biotechnology company in Worcester, Massachusetts, showed the potential for cloning to contribute to conservation efforts. In 2000 ACT researchers in the United States cloned a gaur (Bos gaurus), an Asian ox with a then declining wild population. The researchers used cryopreserved gaur skin cells combined with an embryo of a domestic cow (Bos taurus). A domestic cow also served as the surrogate for the developing gaur clone.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn the early 2000s, Sabata Martino and a team of researchers in Italy and Germany showed that they could reduce the symptoms of Tay-Sachs in afflicted mice by injecting them with a virus that infected their cells with a gene they lacked. Tay-Sachs disease is a fatal degenerative disorder that occurs in infants and causes rapid motor and mental impairment, leading to death at the ages of three to five", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn gene therapy, researchers insert normal genes into cells that have missing or defective genes in order to correct genetic disorders.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nShoukhrat Mitalipov, Masahito Tachibana, and their team of researchers replaced the mitochondrial genes of primate embryonic stem cells via spindle transfer. Spindle replacement, also called spindle transfer, is the process of removing the genetic material found in the nucleus of one egg cell, or oocyte, and placing it in another egg that had its nucleus removed. Mitochondria are organelles found in all cells and contain some of the cell\u2019s genetic material", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn an effort to develop tissue culture techniques for long-term tissue cultivation, French surgeon and biologist Alexis Carrel, and his associates, produced and maintained a series of chick heart tissue cultures at the Rockefeller Institute in New York City. From 1912 to 1946, this series of chick heart tissue cultures remained alive and dividing. Since the duration of this culture greatly exceeded the normal chick life span, the cells were deemed immortal.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\n\"Human Factor IX Transgenic Sheep Produced by Transfer of Nuclei from Transfected Fetal Fibroblasts\" (1997), by Angelika E. Schnieke, et al.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn the 1990s, researchers working at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, performed cloning experiments in collaboration with PPL Therapeutics in Roslin, Scotland, on human coagulation factor IX, a protein. The team of scientists used the methods identified during the Dolly experiments to produce transgenic livestock capable of producing milk containing human blood clotting factor IX, which helps to treat a type of hemophilia.\nTreatment of Anemia during Pregnancy (1931), by Lucy Wills", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn 1931, physician Lucy Wills conducted a study of nutritional deficiencies that caused anemia in pregnant women in Bombay, India, later renamed Mumbai. Anemia is a lack of healthy red blood cells in the blood. Wills published the results of her study in the medical article 'Treatment of \u2018Pernicious Anaemia of Pregnancy' and 'Tropical Anaemia'' in the British Medical Journal in 1931", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nWills's research contributed to knowledge of anemia and the possible causes associated with the disease, such as the symptoms of fatigue and irritability.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nAn important question throughout the history of embryology is whether the formation of a biological structure is predetermined or shaped by its environment. If both intrinsic and environmental controls occur, how exactly do the two processes coordinate in crafting specific forms and functions? When Viktor Hamburger started his PhD study in embryology in the 1920s, few neuroembryologists were investigating how the central neurons innervate peripheral organs.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\n\"Formation of Genetically Mosaic Mouse Embryos and Early Development of Lethal (t12/t12)-Normal Mosaics\" (1964), by Beatrice Mintz", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nThe paper \"Formation of Genetically Mosaic Mouse Embryos and Early Development of Lethal (t12/t12)-Normal Mosaics,\" by Beatrice Mintz, describes a technique to fuse two mouse embryos into a single embryo. This work was published in the Journal of Experimental Zoology in 1964. When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\n\"Interspecific Chimeras in Mammals: Successful Production of Live Chimeras Between Mus musculus and Mus caroli\" (1980), by Janet Rossant and William I. Frels", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn 1980 Janet Rossant and William I. Frels published their paper, \"Interspecific Chimeras in Mammals: Successful Production of Live Chimeras Between Mus musculus and Mus caroli,\" in Science. Their experiment involved the first successful creation of interspecific mammalian chimeras. Mammalian chimeras are valuable for studying early embryonic development", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nHowever, in earlier studies, clonal analysis was restricted by the lack of a cell marker, present at all times, that makes a distinction between the two parental cell types in situ.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn 1968, pediatric researchers Jerold Lucey, Mario Ferreiro, and Jean Hewitt conducted an experimental trial that determined that exposure to light effectively treated jaundice in premature infants. The three researchers published their results in 'Prevention of Hyperbilirubinemia of Prematurity by Phototherapy' that same year in Pediatrics. Jaundice is the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to the failure of the liver to break down excess bilirubin in the blood, a condition called hyperbilirubinemia.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn 1972, David Whittingham, Stanley Leibo, and Peter Mazur published the paper, \u201cSurvival of Mouse Embryos Frozen to -196 \u00b0 and -269 \u00b0C,\u201d hereafter, \u201cSurvival of Mouse Embryos,\u201d in the journal Science. The study marked one of the first times that researchers had successfully cryopreserved, or preserved and stored by freezing, a mammalian embryo and later transferred that embryo to a live mouse who gave birth to viable offspring", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\n\"Sheep Cloned by Nuclear Transfer from a Cultured Cell Line\" (1996), by Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William Ritchie, and Ian Wilmut", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William Ritchie, and Ian Wilmut cloned two sheep, Megan and Morag, using sheep embryo cells. The experiments indicated how to reprogram nuclei from differentiated cells to produce live offspring, and that a single population of differentiated cells could produce multiple offspring", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn the 1990s, Ian Wilmut, Jim McWhir, and Keith Campbell performed experiments while working at the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland. Wilmut, McWhir, and Campbell collaborated with Angelica Schnieke and Alex J. Kind at PPL Therapeutics in Roslin, a company researching cloning and genetic manipulation for livestock. Their experiments resulted in several sheep being born in July 1996, one of which was a sheep named Dolly born 5 July 1996.", "Search | Embryo Project Encyclopedia\nIn \"The Outgrowth of the Nerve Fiber as a Mode of Protoplasmic Movement,\" Ross Granville Harrison explores the growth of nerve fibers in vitro. The purpose of this experiment was to test two possible hypotheses for the growth of nerve fibers. Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal suggested that nerve growth is due to the extension of nerve fibers as they push through tissue. Victor Hensen's syncytial theory proposed an opposing view of nerve growth."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/abstract/?id=4484

UNU-MERIT » Abstract

["UNU-MERIT \u00bb Abstract\nInternational migration and local employment: analysis of self-selection and earnings in Tajikistan\nAziz Atamanov & M. van den Berg", "UNU-MERIT \u00bb Abstract\nThis paper addresses the issue of self-selection of individuals in international labour migration, non-agricultural and agricultural employment in Tajikistan and its link to earnings from these activities. Unlike most empirical studies, we could attribute selection bias on unobservable characteristics to the allocation of individuals to alternative employment sectors and analyse its impact on earnings abroad and at home", "UNU-MERIT \u00bb Abstract\nWe have found positive selection in migration against local non-agricultural activities and positive selection in local non-agricultural activities against local agricultural activities. This indicates that the most capable individuals with regards to unobservable characteristics choose to migrate, while the somewhat less able choose non-agricultural activities, and individuals with the worst capabilities stay in poorly-paid agricultural activities", "UNU-MERIT \u00bb Abstract\nControlling for self-selection, labour income returns to education of migrants and individuals in non-agricultural activities are slightly lower than those from Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.mu.edu/library/archives/Mss/FBI/FBI-series56.php

FBI (FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION) RECORDS <br/>GEORGE SOKOLSKY // Archives // Raynor Memorial Libraries // Marquette University

["FBI (FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION) RECORDS <br/>GEORGE SOKOLSKY // Archives // Raynor Memorial Libraries // Marquette University\nMarquette.edu // Raynor Memorial Libraries // Archives // Manuscripts // FBI //\nFBI (FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION) RECORDS\nGEORGE SOKOLSKY\nSeries Box Folder Folder Title\n56 1 1 File No. 9-37129, #1-3, February 29-March 1, 1960\n56 - - File No. 62-89885\n#1-39, January 30, 1926-April 1953\n#40-73, June 2, 1952-April 5, 1954\nSection 2, #74-112, April 12, 1954-October 14, 1955\nSection 3, #113-168, October 10, 1955-April 30, 1958\nSection 4, #169-227, May 7, 1958-March 11, 1974"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/1999/02/17/99-3835/environmental-management-site-specific-advisory-board-department-of-energy-los-alamos-national

Federal Register :: Request Access

["Federal Register :: Request Access\nEnvironmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board, Department of Energy, Los Alamos National Laboratory\nA Notice by the Energy Department on 02/17/1999\nWednesday, February 24, 1999: 6:00 p.m.--9:00 p.m., 6:30 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. (public comment session)."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0911/17/qmb.01.html

CNN.com - Transcripts

["CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST MEANS BUSINESS\nBrits Hail GM Support for Vauxhall; Small Biz Looks for Cash; Downturn Hits Hollywood\nAired November 17, 2009 - 14:00:00 ET\nRICHARD QUEST, CNN INTERNATIONAL ANCHOR: A vote of confidence, Britain's business secretary is welcoming GM's support for Vauxhall.\nNeed money? Good luck. Small business is still scrabbling for cash.\nAnd \"I'm a celebrity, get me out of this mess,\" the downturn hits Hollywood.\nI'm Richard Quest, in the next hour, I mean business.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nGood evening. Tonight on the program, it's crunch time if you need credit. General Motors got billions of cash from taxpayers. Small businesses though are being starved of the very money they need to survive. And even Hollywood stars are finding that decisions made in good times have now come back to bite them somewhere painful.\nOver the next hour, we're going to take a look, who is in credit, who is being short-changed, and who is just plain out of luck. Let's begin with General Motors.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nAfter soaking up $50 billion of U.S. and Canadian taxpayers' money, and seeking billions from -- financial backing from Britain and the German government, now the U.K. business secretary has told CNN General Motors would represent a healthy investment for the British government.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nLord Peter Mandelson tells us he feels encouraged about car workers meeting after the meeting with the boss of GM Europe. He is referring, of course, to Vauxhall Motors. Nick Reilly is the newly appointed head of GM's operations in Europe. He met Lord Mandelson and British union leaders within the last few hours.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nThey were talking about the future of the Vauxhall factories, GM's British subsidiary, 5,500 jobs are at stake. It was the first face-to-face meeting between unions, ministers, and executives since GM said it was to keep rather than flog off to Magna the European arm. GM has said it may cut up to 10,000 jobs in the region.\nAfter the meeting, Lord Mandelson spoke to Jim Boulden, who asked what the minister made of it all.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nLORD PETER MANDELSON, U.K. BUSINESS SECRETARY: Well, I have a strong impression taken away from my meeting with the -- with General Motors today. First of all, I think they have taken the right decision to take on responsibility for Vauxhall and Opel.\nI think it makes more sense for General Motors globally. I think it will make them more viable. I think they will have considerable high quality production to draw on in Europe. And I think that will help them globally.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nBut also, of course, I feel that the commitment they've made to U.K. production is strong. I welcome that. And the British government will work with them in order to bring that about.\nJIM BOULDEN, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: Part of that working with them is state aid, these loans, did you talk specific numbers today as far as how much money they would be looking for from the U.K. government?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nMANDELSON: Well, we weren't having a negotiation about specific numbers. But I repeated the British government's decision financially to underwrite what we regard as a healthy investment in the future. But of course there has to be restructuring of the company in Europe. We understand that.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nBut we want to see is good, strong investment in future production, future products and models using green technologies and other refinements of what they're doing to make sure they're successful in future markets. Now we're going to work with them to bring that about.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nBOULDEN: Of course, you are in some ways in competition with the governments in Germany, Belgium, Poland, and Spain, as GM makes decisions on where the cuts will come from. Do you feel you're in a competition with them, or is it just a story about Vauxhall that can tell its own story, or is there a lot of horse-trading going on here?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nMANDELSON: To be honest, I think that the interests of the European governments are shared in mutual. We all want General Motors in Europe to succeed. We want it to go forward on the best, most commercial viable basis. And I think all of us, to a greater or lesser extent, are relieved that GM is taking responsibility for its European divisions.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nAnd whilst there are plenty of details about restructuring and financing and the future of individual plants. All of that is to be sorted out. You will find the European governments I think coming together and pooling their efforts to make sure that we all come out of this in the strongest possible way, and certainly we in the German government will be working closely to make sure that happens.\nBOULDEN: But you're a bit more optimistic today than maybe you were yesterday?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nMANDELSON: Look, this has been a long saga. It has been going on for a long time throughout. Quite understandably I have been standing up for and fighting for British interests. But I don't differentiate British interests from the health and viability of all the European divisions, and of General Motors globally.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nIt's very important that with the strengthening of markets and their finances, they now complete, I hope by the end of the year, all of the decisions they have to take to remove that lingering uncertainty that has unsettled people, but which I think now can be clarified, cleared up, and all of us pulling together to make sure that the company has a very strong future.\nQUEST: Jim is with me now.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nOf all the people that General Motors will ever have negotiated with, or discussed with, Lord Peter Mandelson has to be amongst the most wily, and I say that as a compliment to the British business secretary. He is an extremely hard negotiator, but he knows he has got to save those jobs.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nBOULDEN: Yes, and remember, he was negotiating with Jaguar Land Rover and now owned by the Indian group Tata. He did not give them money right away. There was a long slog of talks there. So he is not the one willing to come out and just say, we'll do anything to save the jobs here.\nWhat's interesting is that...\nQUEST: But he will do anything to save the jobs, with an election next year that -- whether his own party is behind.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nBOULDEN: Well, yes, he went to pains -- Nick Reilly had a press conference in London this afternoon, after meeting with Mandelson. He went to pains to say, look, he thinks Germany has, quote, \"calmed down\" since the announcement that they were going to not sell to Magna. That was his word, \"calmed down.\" And he thinks that they can now have some serious discussions about what kind of loan guarantees will come out of Germany.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nBut he did say, very interestingly, after being pressed several times, if they get no help from Germany, it could, quote, \"influence\" their plans of where they cut jobs and where they don't cut jobs. And also, he is talking about how much money they need. And he did say that GM needs 3.3 billion euros from the governments here in Europe.\nAnd he explained that that's less money than Magna would have wanted. That's one good reason why they wanted to keep GM here in Europe.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nNICK REILLY, CEO, GM EUROPE: That 3.3 of total funding is significantly less than 4.5 billion, which was required by Magna from the governments. And that was after Magna had put in a small amount themselves. So we have brought down the requirements. We think we have a strong plan that has significantly less risk in it. And so we are essentially taking that plan around Europe.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nBOULDEN: So really, what GM is saying is that the economics are picking up, that they think they can make some good 20 to 25 percent cut in volumes here in Europe, and that could help put them back into profitability, especially in the U.K. by 2011.\nWhat was most interesting to me about this whole day, GM admits they can use U.S. taxpayers' money to help support Europe.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: Because, of course, once it's into the GM coffers, it's just shareholder money and therefore can be transferred. Did you come away with a feeling who is going to lose the jobs?\nBOULDEN: No. No, I honestly -- we listened to everybody today, and what they said is they haven't made that decision yet. They've got plants around Europe that they could cut and trim. He did say they don't have to close the whole plant, they could just sort of slow everything down everywhere.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: Oh, ah, so everyone is going to get the pain?\nBOULDEN: Well, could be.\nQUEST: Jim, many thanks, indeed, stay on this story, come back to us the moment there is more to report. Jim Boulden with that.\nIn Europe, stocks were lower for the Tuesday session. Now that's not to get too concerned, after all, they did hit a 13-month high on Monday. The bourses were down by less than 1 percent, a smaller-than-expected rise in U.S. industrial production dampened the mood.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nIn the U.K., there was some strong inflation numbers both at the CPI and RPI level, which shows that inflation, it's back, or at least it isn't as far away as they might have thought. Losses elsewhere, Dexia fell 3.5. HSBC down more than 2 percent. Airlines, car-makers were lower, whether it was BAE, Lufthansa, Renault, and BMW, they were down at all said and done.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nThat reading on wholesale inflation, which was lower in the United States, where there was a lot of talk in the U.S. markets and European markets about comments that President Obama made after his meeting with the Chinese premier, they apparently had discussed the falling devalued dollar. But of course, there was no actual rule on it.\nIt weighed on oil and on gold.\n(RINGS BELL)", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nAnd if you looked at the markets, whoa, now that's something to get -- ha ha, it's not often you get (INAUDIBLE) that. Up 2.6, barely worth staying awake for.\nAlmost unchanged, the Dow Jones Industrials, 10,409. The markets are not the most exciting thing at this hour in New York. Max Foster though has the news at the CNN news desk.\nMAX FOSTER, CNN INTERNATIONAL ANCHOR: Hi there, Richard.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nCzechs are marking the 20th anniversary of the so-called \"Velvet Revolution.\" Thousands took to the streets of Prague, capital of the Czech Republic, on Tuesday. They followed the same routes student protesters took when they were blocked from entering Wenceslas Square in 1989. That set off a chain of events that led to the end of decades of Iron Curtain rule in the former Czechoslovakia.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nSpain's prime minister confirms a fishing boat and his crew are free after being held for weeks by pirates. CNN Plus cites a source saying a ransom reportedly was delivered in the waters off Somalia. Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero did not address a question of a ransom.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nChinese President Hu Jintao hosts a formal state dinner for U.S. President Barack Obama in Beijing. The two leaders have pledged to fight climate change and tackle nuclear proliferation hand-in-hand. But despite the apparent harmony on the surface, tensions of Tibet, currency controls, and trade barriers did emerge during Mr. Obama's busy trip to Beijing.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nZimbabwe's president uses the U.N. food summit to lash out at the West. Speaking in Rome, Robert Mugabe blames sanctions for his nation's severe food shortage. Critics say Mr. Mugabe's own land reform program triggered Zimbabwe's economic meltdown. But the president says neocolonialist intervention has caused chronic food shortages in his country.\nThose are the headlines, Richard. Back to you.\nQUEST: Max, many thanks, indeed.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nWhen we come back in a moment, if there has been one subject which has exercised regulators, governments, and you and me, it's the question of banker's bonuses. As the U.K. government prepares to introduce legislation that would allow them to rip up the contracts. After the break, we'll talk to an expert -- a former regulator about whether this makes sense.\nQUEST: Welcome back.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nIf there is one issue that exercises us all, it's the question of bankers' bonuses and the excessive remuneration Now the U.K. government is going to stick the knife into the culture of the bonus in Britain. It's expected to say on Wednesday that it will take laws that will give regulators the power to rip up bankers' contracts if they are offering too much excessive pay.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nThis would be highly controversial, it would also be the first major government to actually take powers to do such actions. I turn to the former head of the British financial regulator called the FSA. Sir Howard Davies joined me and I wanted to know, would this work? And was it necessary?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nSIR HOWARD DAVIES, FORMER HEAD, FSA: I perceive that to be something that may be politically wise, but whether it's absolutely necessary, I'm rather doubtful, because I think at the moment that the FSA, if it expresses concern about bonuses that a bank will go in and talk that through and try to change so that the FSA doesn't express concern. I'd be very surprised if it go to the point where the FSA used legislation to impose its will on banks on bonuses.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: So why is the government doing it, do you think? What is the purpose behind this? Is it just a populist attack?\nDAVIES: Well, I think what it tells you is that the government's own polling must be telling them that the bankers' bonus issue remains very big on the doorstep. And indeed, I think it is because I think there are signs that many people in banks haven't quite appreciated the extent of public disquiet about what has been going on in financial markets.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nSo I presume that this does reflect good, solid understanding. Because on thing the government is reasonably good at is politics, maybe they're not so good at some other things, but politics, I think, they're good at.\nSo I think this does tell you that they believe this is an issue that will run and run.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: If we look at the U.S. situation, where the pay czar, as it's called, has already on one or two occasions sent letters basically saying your remuneration is too high, you're going to have to cut it back, do you think that's a preferable way to the idea of breaking the sanctity of a contract?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nDAVIES: Well, I think the position in the United States is very different, because the pay czar is dealing with those companies in which the U.S. government has a stake, is supporting directly with finance. And therefore they have a clear locus (ph). They're like shareholders, effectively.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nNow in the U.K., we've got a couple like that, Lloyds Bank and RBS, and I personally think the government should be directly telling them what to do, because that's the shareholder role. And then there is this broader, more amorphous view that they want to push down on bonuses by using the legislation and by using regulation.\nAnd that, I think, is a much more difficult thing.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: If this legislation is passed, and of course, we have an entire parliamentary year to go, which of course may get broken up by an election. If it is passed, will it hinder the ability of the City of London and the British financial community to attract the right people?\nDAVIES: Well, I'm not sure that it will, because I would fully expect the FSA to use this legislation intelligently, and not to go careering around, breaking past contracts, unless there was absolutely no alternative.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nI would expect them to engage in negotiation with firms about how they should organize their remuneration, not to generate too many risks for them. So I would not expect it to be a great problem.\nQUEST: But do you support this idea of what they're doing?\nDAVIES: I don't think it's necessary. I don't think it's necessary to reach for the legislative weapon. I think the FSA has got enough tools in its regulatory toolkit to be able to do this. So I think the legislation part of it is politics.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: And when we look at the role that banks -- management themselves, shareholders, actually the role that they should play, if you've got to the stage where the government or the FSA has to step in, then surely the banks owners have abrogated their own responsibility.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nDAVIES: Yes. I mean, in the long run, it ought to be a shareholder problem. And in the long run, surely we must get back to that. In the short run, of course, the markets are, if you like, not straightforwardly competitive, because there is so much government intervention all over the place in the market.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQuantitative easing, shareholder ownership of banks, assistance of lender of last resort, so you can't say you're looking at a fair market. So at the moment, maybe there is a case for some direct government intervention.\nIn the long run, yes, we must get back to a position where shareholders are the pressure -- the key pressure point.\nQUEST: Sir Howard Davies, former head of Britain's main regulator, the FSA, and also director at the London School of Economics.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nNow when we come back -- now let me just remind you, tomorrow on this program, we will have the queen's speech, when that law will be announced. And on tomorrow night's program, we'll have full coverage and analysis on exactly the extremities of that law. That's QUEST MEANS BUSINESS, tomorrow night here on CNN.\nIn just a moment, our \"JobQuesters\" are amongst us. There you have, of course, \"JobQuesters,\" they their own employment.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: Now as you've heard on this program tonight, more than 5,000 people in Britain will be wondering whether or not they'll still have a job at the end of the year or into next year at the Vauxhall factories after General Motors has finished.\nIt has all raised the question, of course, of unemployment, which is why we on this program have our weekly section where we take you to meet those people who are \"JobQuesters.\" They're out of work. They are seeking jobs. They're going to meetings and interviews.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nTonight, let me remind you of who our \"JobQuesters\" are. Les Young is from Atlanta, an insurance sales agent. He lost his house. He had to move in with his fiance. And now he is trying to start his own business. As a speech coach for young people, he knows how difficult it is at all ends of the unemployment spectrum.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nAnd Rodrigo Medina, from Barcelona, working in sales, out of work for more than a year. Several interviews but nothing has panned out so far. So tonight, on \"JobQuest,\" we have the meetings, we have the interviews, we have the people out of work.\nLISA MATHESON, JOB-SEEKER: The economic situation today, you know, a lot of companies are tightening up and they're laying of employees. And unfortunately, my role was eliminated.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nWhat I've noticed is a lot of times when the economy constricts, that communications professionals are kind of the first group to go. They don't seem to have as much value.\nRODRIGO MEDINA, JOB-SEEKER: I'm really excited today because it has been a really productive day. It's not very often that you get two interviews in one day. This is another sales position opportunity. And hopefully it will be an interesting one.\nDo you think you have five minutes for us or are you busy?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nI went to meet with a good friend of mine from the States. He is a director of development of a big translation company here in Barcelona.\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: I can introduce you perhaps even this morning to the woman that handles all of our linguistic resources.\nMEDINA: So he sees the possibility of collaborating with this company as a freelancer.\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: OK, if you want, I can bring her in here and you can just say hello.\nMEDINA: Great.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nSo we just talked about how (INAUDIBLE) and the possibilities that he saw inside his company.\nMEDINA: I have another interview with a job recruiter on Wednesday. And this is a sales position job through a sales manager for a tool company which I don't know where they're from. So I have that interview on Wednesday, and we'll see how that one goes.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nLES YOUNG, JOB-SEEKER: Today I'm going to go over and speak to the community liaison for Representative Hank Johnson's office regarding the youth leadership and development project that I have, and see if we can talk about getting some sources of funding.\nThis should prove to be very fruitful today.\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: Come on in here.\nYOUNG: OK. Thank you, sir.\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: (INAUDIBLE).\nYOUNG: OK.\nYes, well, what I was hoping to do (INAUDIBLE) -- I'm sorry. Just to...\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: No problem.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nYOUNG: Just discuss how can go about getting funding for this youth leadership and development project. And I was coming to you hopefully with some -- asking for some assistance or some advice or some guidance on which direction I can go into.\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: OK. The congressional office itself, of course, doesn't have any funding, but we do have different vessels through the federal government.\nHow long has your program been in existence, Mr. Young?\nYOUNG: About three -- three to four years now.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: Three to four years?\nYOUNG: Yes.\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: Have you -- what has the outcome been for the students who have been into your program, let's say, the past three years? What are they doing now? Are they productive?\nYOUNG: The measurables, yes, yes.\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: OK.\nYOUNG: These kids are more productive in class as well as with their communication skills. What we found is we started with them as early as the sixth grade, all the way up into the senior years in high school.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nYOUNG: And with that, they have proven to be more effective, having more discipline in class and in school, and they've shown themselves to be leaders, wanting to participate more in community, more involved in community.\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: OK. Mr. Young, I have information. This right here talks about the different grants that are available. Also it has the two federal Web sites.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: Federalgrants.gov, and also federalbusinessopportunities.gov, those two sites will show you exactly what it is that the federal government has to offer to help individuals and organizations.\nYOUNG: Well, this is certainly helpful, Mr. (INAUDIBLE). And I really appreciate your time and effort with this because I didn't know exactly which way to go.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nMEDINA: I just had an interview with a local headhunter for a sales manager position for a German tool-maker. And things -- I feel that went really well in this one, because I had a really good feeling with the person who interviewed me, and also I fit the profile perfectly for the position they're looking for.\nSo if things go my way, they will give me a call, and then I'll be having an interview with their customer.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nThese next couple of weeks I'll just be searching for other interviews, other positions, and whatever I can get my hands on. So I'll just try not to think about it, and work as hard as I can and then just find more interviews.\nUNIDENTIFIED MALE: And how are things at home?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nMEDINA: Overall, things are OK. My wife is getting more antsy as just days go on because the window I have is to stay in the apartment we are renting right now is just another couple of months. So overall things are fine, but my wife is getting more antsy and I guess (INAUDIBLE) from me that pressure a bit. I'm just trying to keep as focused as I can to find the job.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: Our \"JobQuesters,\" and we will be following them right the way through to the end of the year. If you are looking or seeking employment and want to get in touch with us, you think you might make a good \"JobQuest,\" or some thoughts, please drop me an e-mail. It is [email protected]. And we will, of course, always be looking for those candidates for the next...\n... series.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nIn just moment, cutting staff, cutting hours, and closing up for good in some cases, all because the vital lifeblood of business was withheld. What happens when credit is withdrawn? It's the missing link in the U.S. recovery, small businesses are scrambling to stay afloat, in just a moment.\nQUEST: Good evening. I'm Richard Quest. QUEST MEANS BUSINESS. This is CNN.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nAs I outlined, tonight's program is all about what happens when the lifeblood of business is withdrawn. That, of course, being credit liquidity and loans. Small businesses, especially in the United States, are being starved as a new report points the finger of blame at the very banks that the government has bailed out.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nThe U.S. Treasury is focused on 22 banks that received the most bailout money. Now they have cut small business loans by a total of $10.5 billion over the past six months. All at a time when you might have expected them to be increasing loans, A, because they've had government money, and B, because, of course, businesses require it.\nThree of the banks no longer offer any small business loans at all. Others have reduced the volume of funds that they're lending.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nNow officials, including the U.S. Treasury secretary, Tim Geithner, are to discuss this -- high level talks -- the credit shortage, at a forum in Washington on Wednesday.\nIt has all raised the question of what happens and how banks can actually not only do more but at least do no harm.\nAs Maggie Lake found out, help for the small business can't come too soon.\nUNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Are you having a picnic?\nUNIDENTIFIED CHILD: We're having a (INAUDIBLE).\nUNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: You are?\nWhat's on the menu.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nMAGGIE LAKE, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Managing a small business in the U.S. these days?\nIt's not child's play. For Kisha Edwards-Gandsy, co-owner of the New York City Explorers Play Space, these are dizzying, stressful times. Last month, Gandsy met with banks and other lenders at a city-sponsored financing fair to line up new credit. She still has not heard back.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nKISH EDWARDS-GANDSY, NEW YORK CITY EXPLORERS: One of our biggest problems is that we don't need enough money. They want to make loans for like $250,000 to $500,000 and we actually don't need that much. They're not going to make enough off of our types of loans, the things that we would need for it to be fruitful for them in the long run.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nLAKE: Gandsy's plight is a familiar one across America. Over the past year, banks have slashed lending to small businesses, making 36 percent fewer U.S.-backed loans. New York City officials say it's happening at the worst possible time.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nROBERT WALSH, NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS SERVICES: We have seen, you know, people who are looking to keep their head above water. There's no question about it. If you start looking at the loan packages, more of those are existing businesses looking to stay afloat.\nLAKE: Businesses like Brooklyn's Crossroads Cafe. Owner Suzanne Meehan is looking to boost her credit lines as sales slow.\nSUZANNE MEEHAN, OWNER, CROSSROADS CAFE: There you go.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nLAKE: She's already had to shorten business hours and cut staff.\nMEEHAN: If this continues more than another, say, six months, something like that, and we don't start to see something turn around, I will have to make really drastic changes. Just another $50,000 or $100,000, something like that, that would directly translate into someone having another job -- or two or three people actually having a job. But banks aren't lending.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nLAKE: Industry officials say banks are understandably risk adverse and have been justified in tightening lending standards.\nBOB SEIWERT, AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION: A lot of people just don't understand that bankers are small businesspeople themselves. They're in business to make loans. That's a major source of profit. But given today's economic crisis, you know, bankers and small business owners are -- are being very cautious when customers are coming in and looking for credit.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nLAKE: But both our business owners say Washington must force banks to do more, particularly those institutions receiving government aid. They say their neighborhoods need the help.\nGANDSY: In a small business, there's a -- a large amount of insecurity around like people don't even know if they're going to be able to survive the holidays. I think that we definitely deserve attention.\nLAKE: Deserving of attention, Gandsy says, like other little members of our community.\nMaggie Lake, CNN, Brooklyn, New York.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\n(END VIDEO TAPE)\nQUEST: Now you saw Suzanne Meehan in that report struggling to make ends meet at her cafe.\nAnd Suzanne joins me now live from New York.\nSuzanne, the core question is, why do you think the banks don't want to lend?\nIf you're reasonably profitable or there's the prospect of profitability, they are in the business of lending money to make money.\nSo why do you think they're holding back?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nMEEHAN: I think they're just recapitalizing now. I think they don't have -- they still are not recapitalized to the point where they can put more money out for us. And I think unless the Obama administration puts their toes to the fire -- you know, their feet to the fire, I think they will just simply continue, you know, recapitalizing to the extent they need to...\nQUEST: OK...", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nMEEHAN: ...because many of these banks, you know, have things that -- that aren't on their books now that will eventually need to go on their books...\nQUEST: That (INAUDIBLE)...\nMEEHAN: ...and will create more losses for them.\nQUEST: What -- what about somebody -- and forgive me, I'm going to be blunt, if I may...\nMEEHAN: Sure.\nQUEST: There will be some viewers who will say, well, hang on a second, how do we know that Suzanne Meehan's plans are any good?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nShe may be running a no hoper business that could be making a loss and why would anyone want to lend her money in those cases?\nMEEHAN: OK. Well, because before all of this recession hit, which actually didn't hit our business until last fall, we were grow -- we've been in business for five years. Every year, we were growing at least 10 percent. We've gone from one location to three locations. We have a great product.\nQUEST: Well...", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nMEEHAN: We -- we -- you know, I -- I don't think there's any question that...\nMEEHAN: ...that we're a viable business.\nQUEST: OK. So how much money...\nMEEHAN: So...\nQUEST: If I had my checkbook here and the Bank of Quest was open, which it's not before you get excited.\nBut if I had my checkbook, how much would you like me to write a check for?\nMEEHAN: I would like a credit line of $100,000 to get me through what I think is going to be a full year of difficulty for all of us, unfortunately.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: One hundred thousand. It's a...\nMEEHAN: Another full year.\nQUEST: I mean I don't want to make light about -- it's small beer, as you would say, in the -- in the totality.\nSuzanne, many thanks, indeed for joining us.\nSuzanne Meehan joining me there from New York.\nNow, $100,000 might sound a lot, I suspect, amongst the men and women that you and I are talking to now. We're well aware that it is relatively small money.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nStephen Pegge is from the Lloyds Bank, head of the small business lending panel at the British Bankers Association.\n$100,000 U.S. it is small, isn't it?\nSTEPHEN PEGGE, LLOYDS BANKING GROUP: Well, actually, it's fairly typical. That's an average amount. And we're going to rely on businesses like Suzanne's to pull the whole world economy out of recession. So it is important, if she's got a viable business, that she's able to get financed and be able to grow.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: The common complaint people are saying is we've got a viable business, but we're not getting through the front door. We're not getting a response. And if we do get a response, it's no.\nPEGGE: Well, I think the evidence is that, you know, it's as much a demand problem and a perception problem as a reality one. You know, there are 20 percent less applications coming into us. We still say yes to over 80 percent of businesses who want to borrow from us.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nBut many people are saying, oh, I hear all this stuff about banks not wanting to lend, I won't even think about investing or talking to the bank.\nNow, clearly, there are some businesses that are more marginal and are going to struggle, really, to get through. And, clearly, you know, a bank would not want to take an irresponsible decision by lending when it shouldn't.\nQUEST: As we heard in that report, there is a case, though, that we have to remember. The banks are in business now to make money.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nPEGGE: Yes.\nQUEST: And don't think you would defend or deny that lending criteria has tightened.\nPEGGE: Well, it may have done for some banks. There are some banks that were kind of more prudent during the -- the tough times, like Lloyds Banking Group, who have kind of kept the criteria the same. Fewer businesses are meeting the criteria, so 80 percent saying -- we're saying yes to 80 percent now.\nBut, yes, things have tightened up, certainly, in some banks. But maybe they were too lax before.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: Right. You are -- your bank is not majority, but largely owned by the U.K. government.\nPEGGE: Forty-three percent shareholding.\nQUEST: Are you -- are you feeling the pressure from her majesty's government to lend more, to keep things moving?\nPEGGE: Well, we understand that we need to lend more money to help the economy recover and we want to do that.\nQUEST: Right. Right.\nPEGGE: So we've committed to $11 billion of extra lending a year for the next two years, to help that happen.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: But has a basically nationalized bank -- and I know you're not fully nationalized, but I think you'd have to accept de facto -- do you believe that you have an obligation over and above what other banks might have to suffer?\nPEGGE: Well, I mean I -- we -- I can only speak for us.\nQUEST: Yes.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nPEGGE: And we feel we've got an obligation, a responsibility and a long-term interest to help the businesses in this country and the businesses that are starting up in the future, because, don't forget, people will be losing their jobs and are capable of starting new businesses to -- to get going and -- and take us all out of recovery. It's in our interests, because we're a relationship bank and that's what we're all about.\nQUEST: Stephen, thank you very much.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nI -- I have a feeling I've -- I put you in a difficult position in the sense of, you know, you've -- you've not only been with your own bank, but a spokesman for the industry.\nBut thank you and please do come back. You're very -- you're most welcome.\nPEGGE: Will do.\nQUEST: Thank you.\nGood to have you with us.\nPEGGE: Thank you.\nQUEST: Thank you very much.\nNow, when we come back in just a moment, rising demand, there were more passengers, so why were the profits down by half?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nIt was a bet that backfired for easyJet. And, yes, you guessed, oil was behind it all.\nQUEST: Welcome back, QUEST MEANS BUSINESS.\nEasyJet is predicting that it will be a tough winter ahead. Europe's second largest low cost carrier says its latest annual profits fell sharply.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nNow, this is despite easyJet carrying more passengers. They missed out on this year's drop in fuel prices because it had locked into last year's sky high prices -- proving, of course, that when it comes to dealing with aviation, where you lay your hat in relation to your fuel hedge is of crucial importance.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nIt was an attempt to hedge its fuel that went very badly wrong. Net profits at easyJet for the year were down some $120 million, down 14 percent from the previous year. All this, of course, at a time when the airline carried more passengers, opened new routes.\nAndy Harrison, the chief exec, says he's confident easyJet will carry on increasing its market share. He also told me the fuel hedging strategy will eventually pay off.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nANDREW HARRISON, CEO, EASYJET: There's two things going on with easyJet's results. First of all, I'd say that easyJet has been the best performing European airline. In terms of fuel, what we do is we average. We don't -- we don't speculate on fuel prices. So effectively what that means is we buy a bit of fuel every month and it takes a while for our average to adjust the market prices.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nSo we've seen an 86 million pound hit to our profits in 2009. But there will be a 100 million pound benefit to our fuel in 2010. So fuel is really all about short-term timing differences to do with our hedging.\nThe real strength of these results is our underlying yields. We saw a 4 percent growth in easyJet's total revenue per seat during 2009, which is an outstanding performance. And it contrasts with every other airline that has seen a double digit fall in their yields.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nAnd the reason why our yields have gone up is purely consumer driven. We've seen very strong demand for easyJet flights because we offer the best prices to the most convenient airports.\nQUEST: At this point, you know, one jumps in to say, we -- are you able to price higher or are you able to get more ancillary revenue or is it a combination of both?\nIs it coming from charging for extras or actually on the ticket price?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nHARRISON: It's -- most of our yield comes from the ticket price. And it's important to remember we don't set a prices. Our prices are set by the market, both easyJet and Ryanair price to fill their airplanes. And our load factors for 2009 were up to 85.5 percent, which is 1.4 percent higher than last year.\nQUEST: Right.\nHARRISON: And so our strong yields are a function of strong consumer demand. It's market driven, not set by easyJet.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: You are head to head, not on every route, but on certain routes. And if you look at the totality of Europe, with Ryanair. It is nasty. It is bitter. And it is often personal.\nHARRISON: EasyJet's philosophy is to fly to primary airports, to the most convenient, centrally located airports. That's quite different to Ryanair's network strategy. So the direct overlap between these jetliners is actually relatively small.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nThere's a much bigger overlap in the press because the media like all these -- the banter that takes place between the two companies.\nHARRISON: But the reason why our yields have been so much stronger than theirs is that we fly to primary airports and they do not.\nQUEST: Are the likes of British Airways, even with Iberia, Lufthansa with its Austrian and Swiss and BMI, Air France, KLM, we were talking about intra-Europe short haul, are they dinosaurs that will inevitably become extinct?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nHARRISON: Well, there's a huge -- there's an increasing gap between long haul and short haul and many of the mergers, such as the B.A./Iberia merger, are around consolidation in the long haul market.\nWhen it comes to short haul, it's a very different business. And easyJet is a highly focused, very efficient short haul airline, with much lower costs than the traditional airlines...\nHARRISON: And we will continue to win market share.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: Andy Harrison, the chief executive of easyJet. And no doubt - - well, I can tell you within hours of the easyJet results being published, there was a blistering press release from Ryanair, who never take any prisoners, calling into questions all their numbers. The two will go head to head for a long way to come.\nThe weather forecast -- and it may be warming -- I -- I always get the feeling at this point I can actually, you know, I should have a graph or a map or something.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nGuillermo is at the CNN World Weather Center -- now, Guillermo, why -- it's warming up at the moment in Europe. That much I know. But it's the calm before the storm, isn't it?\nGUILLERMO ARDUINO, CNN METEOROLOGIST: Yes, for some. But you know what, like Munich, you know, you think of Munich in November, it's cold, right?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nThe temperature was 17 degrees. It's a record, in fact. And that's not the only city. It has to do with a graphic that I'm going to show you later that I showed you yesterday, actually. And I wish you could have it there, too.\nBut you see Geneva, Zurich, Stuttgart in the south of -- I love Stuttgart. It's such an elegant city. Very nice. The temperature was very good, too. I don't know if it was elegant or not, but it was very good.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nSo it is because of that jet stream that we were talking about yesterday that keeps things warm here in the south.\nNow, the -- the storm you're talking about is for you, especially, even though I must say that it's not that terrible. We are going to see the arrival of a new system in England, in Ireland, in Northern France, in the Netherlands, in Belgium, in Northern Germany, very soon. And we have here the beginning of it.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nAlong with it, we'll see winds. But I think we will have to wait for one day. As I was saying yesterday -- yes -- yesterday, Wednesday appears to be the worst of all days. So we have to wait for one more day. We'll see it tomorrow.\nThe winds in London are 20 right now; Amsterdam 26. And they will continue to go up, especially in here, Schleswig and Copenhagen, Manmour (ph). We're talking about five or six kilometers per hour now going up big time.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nAlso, within 48 hours, the same thing, the English Channel, the North Sea. Everything is going to be choppy. It's not going to be pleasant, not at all.\nBut the forecast for London is mostly cloudy in general. Of course, you know, we will see rain showers because they always -- they are always there. But it's not going to be that terrible. I think Ireland and Scotland are going to be worse.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nTemperatures, 13, Paris; 14 in London. Things are going back to normal in Vienna. So those records that we saw are going to be long gone. And the delays in the same cities again.\nSo full (INAUDIBLE). See you on the other side of the break.\nQUEST: When General Motors went bankrupt, the various governments coughed up some tens of billions of dollars. When small businesses go under, well, we know there are problems with bank lending.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nNow, meet this lot. Well, here we go. Nicolas Cage, star of \"Con Air\" and national treasure, a victim of two foreclosures. He lost two homes in New Orleans worth $6.8 million. Mr. Cage owed more than $5 million in mortgage payments. The interesting thing is he blames his business manager, who is suing for gross misconduct.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nAnnie Leibovitz, the New York -- the New York photographer who is -- had also borrowed 20 odd million dollars -- $24 million from a company called Art Capital Group. She couldn't repay the money. She was in serious danger of losing her beloved Greenwich Village home. She finally reached an agreement only after the predators threatened to sell off her photographs, her life's work.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nAnd then, of course, we have Stephen Baldwin, actor and reality TV star, brother of Alec Baldwin. He filed for bankruptcy with debts of $2.3 million. He has a property of a million in New York.\nNow, you may well say, hang on, they've got managers, they've got agents, they've got lawyers -- how do this lot go bankrupt?\nAnd if this lot go bankrupt, what about the rest of us?\nAnnie Leibovitz didn't actually go bankrupt, of course. She just found herself in deep problems.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nFrank Cochran is managing director of Celebrity Financial Planning. He dispenses advice to the rich and famous, how to manage their wealth.\nFRANK COCHRAN, CELEBRITY FINANCIAL PLANNING, LTD.: It's nice to see you, Richard.\nQUEST: It's nice to see you.\nThank you for coming in.\nCOCHRAN: Indeed.\nQUEST: What are they doing wrong?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nCOCHRAN: Well, they're paying a lot of people to give them advice, but they're not paying the right people. The whole point about being a specialist financial adviser, which is what we do, is we manage their wealth, we manage the way that they actually will conduct their -- their pitfalls. And we help them to make the right decisions in the investment market, which is something they're obviously not doing.\nQUEST: What about -- I also remember doing a story some years ago about celebrity homes.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nCOCHRAN: Right.\nQUEST: And I learned then that actually their needs are unique in that they've got to have privacy, they've got to pay more money and blah, blah, blah.\nWhat are the unique factors about making an investment for a celebrity in terms of stocks, bonds and shares?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nCOCHRAN: Well, a lot of them don't go down the route of stocks, bonds and shares that much. What they've done in recent years is that they've become so heavily involved in the property market. And since the markets have turned sour, these properties still require maintenance. They still reput -- they still require people to look after them and...\nQUEST: Where does ego come into all of this, do you think?\nBecause they might buy pictures of paintings. They -- they want to live the life.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nCOCHRAN: Egos don't pay bills, though. We do. We help them to make sure that the investments that they have are accessible, they can draw income from it when they need to and they don't end up falling into the trap that a lot of people do when they get new wealth, which is to become asset rich and cash poor.\nIt's -- it's -- it's a serious philosophy that (INAUDIBLE).\nQUEST: Do you have many stars -- and I suspect you're not going to tell me who your clients are...\nCOCHRAN: Well, (INAUDIBLE).", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nQUEST: Yes. I didn't think you would.\nBut they are stars?\nCOCHRAN: They are, indeed. Of course they are.\nQUEST: And when -- when you say -- what -- what's the one thing they all want to buy and that you have to say hang on, enough of that?\nCOCHRAN: Cars, bling and houses.\nQUEST: Talking of -- well, I've got the -- I've got the bling.\nQUEST: I've got the brass bell, absolutely.\nAnd you basically say, what, there's a time to buy?", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nI mean when you've got people like even Sir Elton John, who's had his own share of financial difficulties...\nQUEST: ...and you've got the Michael Jacksons, who've had their own share of financial difficulties, it makes you wonder what it is about them.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nCOCHRAN: It's just down to bad advice. What we purport is that they should have a balanced portfolio and the balance doesn't come in by having five different properties, because as they've all found now, with the recession hitting the property market as badly as it has, if they can't find a buyer for the property, if they can't let it, they're still paying out money to maintain it, to look after it and to -- to make sure that the property is kept in the condition that it is. It's not doing them any favors.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nThe whole fact that this recession is -- the stock market is leading us out of the recession, if you haven't got money in there, you're lagging behind everybody else.\nMany thanks, indeed for coming in.\nCOCHRAN: It's my pleasure.\nQUEST: Very interesting.\nThank you very much, indeed.\nCOCHRAN: My pleasure.\nQUEST: When I come back in a moment, forget celebrity wealth, I'll have a Profitable Moment for you.\nQUEST: Finally, tonight's Profitable Moment.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nSmall businesses around the world are crying out that their life blood, loans and overdrafts, are being strangled by banks busy repairing their balance sheets. You've heard it on this program tonight. Good businesses starved of the credit that makes the economy tick.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nThe sorry fact is that banks, having made a mess of it, are now refusing to play their full role in ensuring the recovery. It seems banks have been lent billions of dollars but they're fighting shy of lending the money needed to stimulate growth. Some of them are just simply doing nothing at all. Some banks in the U.K., which are owned by the government, have virtually been ordered to expand their loan book.", "CNN.com - Transcripts\nThere are suggestions it is too little and it is still too hard to get a decent loan. Once again, the banks seem to shoot themselves in the foot. They're not the ones who are feeling the pain -- we are.\nAnd that's QUEST MEANS BUSINESS tonight.\nI'm Richard Quest in London.\nI thank you for your time and attention.\nWhatever you're up to in the hours ahead, I do hope it's profitable.\nChristiane is next.\nThat comes after the headlines, which are brought to us from Hala at the I Desk."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.law.uh.edu/schedule/class_information.asp?cid=12936

Schedule - University of Houston Law Center

["Schedule - University of Houston Law Center\n5297 Environmental Issues in Real Estate - SHERMAN- 25365\nProfessor(s): Scott Sherman (ADJUNCT)\nCourse Areas: Real Property, Trusts and Estates\nEnergy, Natural Resources and Environmental Law\nTime: 5:00p-7:00p W Location: 121 TUII", "Schedule - University of Houston Law Center\nCourse Outline: This course will address the legal, business, and financial challenges posed by environmental issues in real estate projects. From brownfield transactions and wetlands impacts to Class B/C office buildings and urban redevelopment projects to green building requirements and sustainable corporate campuses, environmental considerations play a key role in today\u2019s real estate marketplace.", "Schedule - University of Houston Law Center\nThese topics, for the purposes of course presentation, will be analyzed in three sections: \"Environmental Issues in Building Operations and Property Management\", \"Environmental Issues in Real Estate Transactions\" and \u201cEnvironmental Issues in Real Estate Development\u201d", "Schedule - University of Houston Law Center\nEach course segment will introduce students to a substantive evaluation of the core environmental issues presented and offer insights into the purchase agreements, financial analyses, and deal structures utilized by real estate professionals to manage these matters.", "Schedule - University of Houston Law Center\nDuring the course of the semester, students will be given two short, practical writing assignments related to the subject matter (e.g., preparing a submission to a regulatory agency/legislative committee and drafting an advocacy piece relating to project approval)", "Schedule - University of Houston Law Center\nThe final assignment will be the preparation of a memorandum analyzing the environmental issues in a real estate project and making a recommendation on whether - and if so, how - to proceed with the project notwithstanding the environmental challenges presented. The final project should be approximately 15 pages. The instructor will work closely with each student on their work. Grades are based on written work during the semester. There is no final examination.", "Schedule - University of Houston Law Center\nCompletion of the course will position students to identify the environmental issues presented in any given real estate scenario, to evaluate their potential impact on projects, and to manage the challenges presented", "Schedule - University of Houston Law Center\nAdditionally, students should gain an understanding of the impacts of property conditions on human health and natural resources, the response of government regulators and investors to these threats, and the options available to real estate professionals for assessing and managing the environmental conditions affecting their projects.", "Schedule - University of Houston Law Center\nCourse Syllabus: Syllabus revised 3/24/14\nCourse Notes: Quota= 12\nAdjunct Professor Scott Sherman is Senior Counsel at Bracewell Guiliani. His professional bio can be found here: http://www.bracewellgiuliani.com/people/scott-sherman\nSatisfies Skills Course Requirement: Yes\nCourse Materials (4/11/2014 3:00:21 PM)\nBook(s) Required\nArrangements have been made with the publisher to offer the textbook at a\ndeeply discounted price for students in this course."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/4163.html

How trees manage water in arid environments: IU News Room: Indiana University

["How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nConstance Brown\[email protected]\nHal Kibbey\[email protected]\nIU Atmospheric Science Program\nLast modified: Tuesday, January 2, 2007\nHow trees manage water in arid environments\nBLOOMINGTON, Ind. -- Water scarcity is slowly becoming a fact of life in increasingly large areas.", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nThe summer of 2006 was the second warmest in the continental United States since records began in 1895, according to the National Climatic Data Center. Moderate to extreme drought conditions were evident in about 40 percent of the country.\nPrint-Quality Photo\nWhen Constance Brown moved from Arizona to Indiana two years ago, she was struck by a major difference: people in Indiana don't think about water every day the way people in Arizona do.", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nThe difference shows up in many ways. In Arizona, Brown said, if you drop a piece of ice on the kitchen floor and ignore it, in a few minutes it will be gone -- melted and then evaporated. In Indiana, if you drop a piece of ice on the floor and ignore it, the water will just stay there until it's wiped up.\nIn Arizona, she said, if you need a particular garment on short notice and it's in the laundry, you can wash it by hand and hang it outside. It will be dry in 15 minutes. Not in Indiana.", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nIn semi-arid environments such as the southwestern United States, humidity is so low that water is scarce to begin with and hard to hold onto when there is a rare cloudburst. Rain that collects in puddles is quickly sucked up by evaporation into the dry air. Most of the rest runs off before it can soak into the ground. Maintaining an adequate supply of water is a constant challenge, and water management is a top priority.", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nOne way to make better use of scarce water resources would be to retain more of the water that falls during a heavy rain. To accomplish this, better understanding is needed about how water behaves in the environment. Brown, a micrometeorologist in the Atmospheric Science Program of Indiana University's Department of Geography, is one of the scientists working to provide this understanding. Her research is primarily funded by the National Science Foundation.", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nIn a forthcoming paper in the Journal of Arid Environments, which is available on the Web at http://authors.elsevier.com/offprints/YJARE1769/0dee34d6306f9059b870583e03a193bd, she reports the first results of a study designed to characterize the surface exchanges of water and carbon dioxide in a forest in the Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson, Ariz", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nMountain forests are an important source of water for the rest of such semi-arid regions, and these forests provide relatively isolated conditions where scientists can get a clearer picture of what is happening to the water that so many people depend on. In a desert region, such forests are found only at the tops of mountains because only there does precipitation exceed evaporation enough for forest vegetation to survive.", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nUnderstanding surface-atmosphere interactions is important to understanding a range of water resource phenomena including predictions about water supplies, Brown said. \"This research seeks to characterize the explicit relationship between water availability and photosynthetic activities of the vegetation", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nThis paper is the first step in that process, and it illustrates the seasonal characteristics of the forest vegetation-water relationship as observed during a three-year period during which there were extreme drought conditions in the semi-arid southwestern United States.\"", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nBrown's measurements showed that in this environment, there is a predominant, direct and immediate correspondence between water availability and photosynthetic activity of the vegetation. This is different from what happens in most coniferous forests, where the seasonal behavior of the trees is significantly influenced by temperature changes: the trees are largely dormant in winter and have a summer growing season. The mountain-top forest that she studied was in some ways the opposite.", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\n\"During the summer season before the heavy rains, when almost all the winter precipitation had been evaporated and the soil was extremely dry, the trees essentially closed down,\" she said. \"This behavior suggests that the trees have little ability to access any moisture present in bedrock fractures. Because a late spring/early summer period without any rain is very common in southern Arizona, the mountain forest must have evolved the capability to survive it", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nThe rapid recovery of this forest when heavy rains begin confirms the tight coupling between the trees and the available soil moisture.\"", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nIn short, winter has a significant impact on the primary growing season for these mountain trees, because moisture is continually available from rain or snow, the tree root zones don't freeze, and there is enough sunlight for photosynthesis. The trees slow down during the pre-monsoon dry season in May and June when water is scarce, and then quickly respond to the sudden availability of water at the onset of the monsoon in July.", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nAs unlikely as it may seem, Arizona does experience a monsoon every summer. Certain roads have yellow warning signs posted -- \"Do Not Cross When Flooded.\" Though these signs may seem out of place in the middle of a desert, they have a serious purpose. In Arizona, as in other regions of the world such as India, residents must cope with a season of high temperatures, high winds and high moisture, resulting in potentially deadly weather.", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nThe Arizona monsoon usually begins around July 7 and continues for the next two months, resulting in about one-third of the region's yearly rainfall. The monsoon varies from year to year in starting date, duration and intensity.", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\n\"The semi-arid forest ecosystem adapts to the extremes in the annual cycle of water availability by its ability to remain turned on during the winter,\" Brown said. \"Water stress, rather than temperature, is the primary control on the forest's behavior. The trees will remain significantly active regardless of the season, providing they have access to moisture.\"", "How trees manage water in arid environments:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIU News Room: Indiana University\nIt remains to be seen whether coniferous forests at lower elevations in the western United States will be able to do the same if they are confronted with prolonged water scarcity."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://lawskills.com/case/ga/id/608/0/index.html

Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court

["Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nHamp Denson was convicted of the murder of Pearlie Mae Walker in Tift County and sentenced to life imprisonment. Our review of the record and transcript shows that the jury was authorized to find the following facts. The appellant, who was sixty-two, sometimes dated the seventeen-year-old victim and had fathered one of her children", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nThe victim had another boyfriend, Lucious Banks, who was the father of another of her children; he lived with the victim and members of her family in two trailers located in Omega, Ga. The victim was shot to death about 11:30 or 11:40 p.m., Saturday, December 11, 1982, in Stoney's poolroom and disco on Railroad Street, Tifton. During the course of that day the appellant drove to Omega to visit the victim. When he first arrived he had an altercation with the victim's father concerning the victim", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nDuring that argument the victim's father brandished a gun at the appellant and told him to get out of his yard and not to return. The appellant responded by threatening to shoot the father if he advanced any farther toward him, and by telling the father that the father could not run the victim's life, that she had a life of her own, and that the appellant wanted her to stay with him. The appellant temporarily left the vicinity of the trailers, but returned", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nAlthough he subsequently argued with the victim, telling her \"he wasn't going to be giving her his money and she be staying with somebody else,\" the couple eventually arranged to go out on a date that night.", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nThere was also evidence presented to the jury that during the course of the day the appellant bought a .22 caliber six-shot revolver at a hardware store in Tifton, and told various witnesses about his anger toward the victim, saying that he was \"tired of her doing him like this\"; \"that if she didn't do him right, she wasn't going to do nobody else right\"; and that \"if Pearlie didn't do him no good, she wouldn't do her daddy and her kids and this old boy what she was going with. . . .\"", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nThat evening the appellant and the victim entered Monroe's bar on Railroad Street in Tifton. Later, as they were headed out of Monroe's, somebody attempted to talk to the victim but the appellant caught her by the hand, and said, \"C'mon, let's go.\" They then left Monroe's, and subsequently arrived at Stoney's poolroom and disco, likewise located on Railroad Street. A man named Tommy Pettiford, who knew both parties, witnessed the killing", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nPettiford claimed he had never dated the victim, but said the appellant had threatened him on a previous occasion when he saw Pettiford talking with her, warning Pettiford that he had better walk away as fast as he could, and that Pettiford \"better be gone when he come back.\" As Pettiford was watching another man shoot pool in Stoney's that evening, the victim approached him and said she wanted to make love to him", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nHe did not reply, and about five minutes later the appellant entered the room, went over to her, and, without addressing Pettiford, grabbed her and told her, \"Let's go.\" She tried to pull away from him and told him to quit. They scuffled, and after appellant told her \"let's go\" for the third time, Pettiford exited the poolroom, going over to the disco side of Stoney's", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nAbout two or three minutes later he heard a noise which he described as \"pow.\" He looked inside the poolroom and saw \"Hamp grabbing her by the arms, pulling her to him, close up and shot her in the heart and she fell back and hit her head on the pool table. Hit the pool table right there . . . and she just fell on the floor.\" About a minute elapsed between the two gunshots. After the victim hit the floor the appellant stood up and looked at her, then ran out to his car and left", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nThe autopsy showed that the victim had suffered two .22 caliber bullet wounds, one in the neck and the other, which was fatal, in the chest and heart. There were no bruises on the body or other signs that she was involved in a struggle prior to infliction of the bullet wounds.", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nThe appellant testified that he considered the victim his girl friend, and that even though he knew she had other boyfriends, including Pettiford and Lucious Banks, he was not jealous of them \"because anytime I took a notion to go get her, I'd go get her.\" He said that he and the victim were supposed to stay at a motel that night, but that the victim was trying to leave Stoney's with someone else", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nHe said that he grabbed her, she tried to get loose, and they started \"tussling.\" However, he denied that he was angry with her that day or that they were arguing when she was killed, and maintained that he did not intend to kill her, and that, although he had the gun in his hand, he did not have his finger on the trigger and did not pull the trigger, and that the gunshots were accidental.", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nAfter being charged on malice murder and accident, the jury returned a guilty verdict. Denson appealed, and his appointed attorney filed a motion to withdraw from the case pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U. S. 738 (87 SC 1396, 18 LE2d 493) (1967), on the basis that any appeal would be frivolous. He has filed a brief outlining two potential assertions which Denson could make on appeal, and has furnished Denson with a copy of his brief.", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\n1). The first possible error enumerated as a ground which might arguably support the appeal is that the court erred by refusing to give requested charges on voluntary manslaughter. We disagree, since there was no evidence presented at trial which would have required such charges", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nA charge on voluntary manslaughter is warranted only if there is evidence that the defendant acted \"solely as the result of a sudden, violent, and irresistible passion resulting from serious provocation sufficient to excite such passion in a reasonable person. . . .\" OCGA 16-5-2", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nThe appellant's own testimony that the killing was an accident, together with his denial of feelings of jealousy or that he was arguing with the victim when the gun discharged, refute the possibility that he was acting as the result of a provocation which would have excited passion in a reasonable man. Moreover, we find there is no evidence in the record independent of his testimony which would authorize a charge on voluntary manslaughter. See Pennamon v. State, 248 Ga. 611(2) (284 SE2d 403) (1981). Cf", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nRaines v. State, 247 Ga. 504 (1) (277 SE2d 47) (1981); Henderson v. State, 234 Ga. 827 (2) (218 SE2d 612) (1975). Therefore, we find that under these facts and circumstances \"there was not even 'slight evidence' of this crime in this case, and the trial court correctly refused to so charge. [Cits.]\" Gillespie v. State, 236 Ga. 845, 847 (225 SE2d 296) (1976).", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\n2). In the remaining enumeration Denson's counsel suggests that the verdict is contrary to law, contrary to the evidence, and strongly against the weight of the evidence. This argument is clearly without merit. Based on the evidence a rational trier of fact could have found the shooting was not accidental, and that appellant was guilty of murder beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979).", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\n3). In response to being served with his counsel's motion to withdraw from this case, the appellant filed a brief with this court. Our review of the brief shows that it raises no additional arguably meritorious issues. Instead, although they are less than clear, appellant's arguments appear to center on the credibility of witnesses and the sufficiency of the evidence, the latter mainly through factual allegations which are not part of the record and which therefore will not be reviewed by this court.", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\n4). As required by Anders v. California, supra, 386 U. S. 738, we have examined the entire record in this case, and have unearthed one arguable ground of appeal not addressed by appellant or his counsel. Our inspection of the jury instructions reveals that the court delivered a deadly weapons charge which was similar to the instruction we disapproved in Hosch v. State, 246 Ga. 417 (3) (271 SE2d 817) (1980). Accord Wilson v. Jones, 251 Ga. 23 (1) (302 SE2d 546) (1983)", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nThe court instructed that, \"Now, I charge you that the law presumes a person intends to accomplish the natural and probable consequences of his act. If a person uses a deadly weapon or instrumentality in the manner in which such weapon or instrumentality is ordinarily employed to produce death and thereby causes the death of a human being, the law presumes the intent to kill. This presumption may be rebutted.\"", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nWe repeat the admonition we so recently pronounced in Wilson: \"We have in the past disapproved, and do now disapprove, the use of the phrase 'the law presumes' in the deadly weapon charge, and have approved instead a charge authorizing the jury to 'infer the intent to kill' from the intentional and unjustified use of a deadly weapon.\" Id. at 23", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nHowever, as we did in Wilson, we find that \"[i]n the context with the court's instructions on the presumption of innocence and reasonable doubt; that the burden of proving criminal intent as an element of the crime of murder was upon the state; that the accused will not be presumed to act with criminal intent but that the jury might find criminal intent from all relevant circumstances; and that the question of criminal intent rested finally with the jury, the charge did not suggest to a reasonable juror that the defendant was required to disprove criminal intent, nor did it remove from the state its burden of proving criminal intent beyond a reasonable doubt", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nWe conclude that there are no meritorious grounds for appeal and that an appeal in this case would be frivolous, and we thus find that the requirements of Anders v. California have been met. Counsel is granted permission to withdraw from the case, and the appeal is hereby dismissed.\nThomas H. Pittman, District Attorney, Michael J. Bowers, Attorney General, Eddie Snelling, Jr., for appellee.\nLarry B. Mims, for appellant.\nDECIDED JUNE 20, 1984.\nMITCHELL v. THE STATE. (263 Ga. 129) (429 SE2d 517) (1993)", "Denson v. The State - Murder Conviction in Tift Superior Court\nROWLAND v. THE STATE. (257 Ga. 25) (354 SE2d 145) (1987)\nCRAWFORD v. THE STATE. (256 Ga. 585) (351 SE2d 199) (1987)\nBRENNON v. THE STATE. (253 Ga. 240) (319 SE2d 841) (1984)\nELLIOTT v. THE STATE. (253 Ga. 417) (320 SE2d 361) (1984)\nThursday May 21 17:52 EDT"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.maggiemaesbooks.com/products/northernmost-by-geye

Northernmost by Geye

["Northernmost by Geye\nNorthernmost by Geye\nFrom the acclaimed author of Wintering: a thrilling ode to the spirit of adventure and the vagaries of loss and love.", "Northernmost by Geye\nIn 1897, Odd Einar Eide returns home from a near-death experience in the Arctic only to discover his own funeral underway. His wife, Inger, stunned to see him alive, is slow to warm back up to him, having spent many sleepless nights convinced she had lost both him and their daughter, Thea, who traveled to America two years earlier but has yet to send even a single letter back to them in Hammerfest, their small Norwegian town at the top of the earth.", "Northernmost by Geye\nMore than a century later, Greta Nansen has finally begun to admit to herself that her marriage is over. Desperately unhappy and unfulfilled, she makes the decision to follow her husband from their home in Minnesota to Oslo, where he has traveled for work, to end it once and for all. But on impulse, for reasons unknown even to her, she diverts her travels to Hammerfest: the town of her ancestors, the town where her great-great-grandmother Thea was born\u2014and for some reason never returned to.", "Northernmost by Geye\nBraiding together two remarkable stories of love and survival, Northernmost wades into the darkest recesses of the human heart and celebrates the remarkable ability of humans to endure nearly unimaginable trials."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://portland.edgemedianetwork.com/story.php?ch=news&sc=obituaries&id=312049&robert_durst,_real_estate_heir_convicted_of_murder,_dies

Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78

["Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nNews \u00bb Obituaries\nRobert Durst, Real Estate Heir Convicted of Murder, Dies\nby Andrew Dalton and Brian Melley\nMonday January 10, 2022\nRobert Durst, the wealthy New York real estate heir and failed fugitive who was dogged for decades with suspicion in the disappearance and deaths of those around him before he was convicted of killing his best friend and sentenced to life in prison, has died. He was 78.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nDurst died Monday in a state prison hospital facility in Stockton, attorney Chip Lewis said. He said the death was from natural causes due to a number of ailments.\nDurst was convicted in September of shooting Susan Berman at point-blank range at her Los Angeles home in 2000. He was sentenced Oct. 14 to life in prison without parole.\nDurst had long been suspected of killing his wife, Kathie, who went missing in New York 1982 and was declared legally dead.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nBut only after Los Angeles prosecutors proved that the motive in Berman's death was to silence her because she helped him cover up Kathie's killing was he indicted by a New York grand jury in November for second-degree murder in his wife's death.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nLos Angeles prosecutors told jurors that Durst got away with murder in Texas after shooting a man who discovered his identity when he was hiding out in Galveston after Berman's killing. Durst was acquitted of murder in that case in 2003, after testifying he shot the man as they struggled for a gun.\nDeputy Los Angeles District Attorney John Lewin said jurors told him after the verdict that they believed Durst murdered Morris Black in Texas and had killed his wife.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nDurst discussed the cases and made several damning statements including a stunning confession during an unguarded moment in the six-part HBO documentary series \"The Jinx: The Life and Deaths of Robert Durst.\"", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nThe show made his name known to a new generation and brought renewed scrutiny and suspicion from authorities. He was arrested in Berman's killing the night before the final episode, which closed with him mumbling to himself in a bathroom while still wearing hot mic saying: \"You're caught! What the hell did I do? Killed them all, of course.\"", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nThe quotes were later revealed to have been manipulated for dramatic effect but the production \u2014 done with Durst's cooperation against the advice from his lawyer and friends \u2014 dredged up new evidence including an envelope that connected Durst to the scene of Berman's killing as well as incriminating statements he made.\nPolice had received a note directing them to Berman's home with only the word \"CADAVER\" written in block letters.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nIn interviews given between 2010 and 2015, Durst told the makers of the \"The Jinx\" that he didn't write the note, but whoever did had killed her.\n\"You're writing a note to the police that only the killer could have written,\" Durst said.\nHis defense lawyers conceded in the run-up to trial that Durst had written the note, and prosecutors said it amounted to a confession.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nClips from \"The Jinx,\" and from the 2010 movie \"All Good Things\" in which Ryan Gosling played a fictionalized version of Durst, had starring roles at trial.\nAs did Durst himself. His attorneys again took the risk of putting him on the stand for what turned out to be about three weeks of testimony. It didn't work as it had in Texas.\nUnder devastating cross-examination by prosecutor John Lewin, Durst admitted he lied under oath in the past and would do it again to get out of trouble.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\n\"'Did you kill Susan Berman?' is strictly a hypothetical,\" Durst said from the stand. \"I did not kill Susan Berman. But if I had, I would lie about it.\"\nThe jury promptly returned a guilty verdict.\nIt long appeared he would avoid any such convictions.\nDurst went on the run in late 2000 after New York authorities reopened an investigation into his wife's disappearance, renting a modest apartment in Galveston and disguising himself as a mute woman.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nIn 2001, the body parts of a neighbor, Morris Black, began washing up in Galveston Bay.\nArrested in the killing, Durst jumped bail. He was arrested for shoplifting a sandwich six weeks later in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where he had gone to college. Police found $37,000 cash and two handguns in his car.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nHe would testify that Black had pulled a gun on him and died when the weapon went off during a struggle. He told jurors in detail how he bought tools and dismembered and disposed of Black's body. He was acquitted of murder. He pleaded guilty to violating his bail, and to evidence tampering for the dismemberment. He served three years in prison.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nDurst had bladder cancer and his health deteriorated during the Berman trial. He was escorted into court in a wheelchair wearing prison attire each day because his attorneys said he was unable to change into a suit. But the judge declined further delays after a 14-month pause during the coronavirus pandemic.\nDeGuerin said Durst was \"very, very sick\" at his sentencing hearing and it was the worst he looked in the 20 years he spent representing him.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nDurst entered the courtroom with wide-eyed vacant stare. Near the end of the hearing after Berman's loved ones told the judge how her death upended their lives, Durst coughed hard and then appeared to struggle to breathe. His chest heaved and he pulled his mask down below his mouth and began to gulp for air.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nThe son of real estate magnate Seymour Durst, Robert Durst was born April 12, 1943, and grew up in Scarsdale, New York. He would later say that at age 7, he witnessed his mother's death in a fall from their home.\nHe graduated with an economics degree in 1965 from Lehigh University, where he played lacrosse. He entered a doctoral program at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he met Berman, but dropped out and returned to New York in 1969.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nHe became a developer in the family business, but his father passed him over to make his younger brother, and rival, Douglas the head of the Durst Organization in 1992.\nIn 1971, Robert Durst met Kathie McCormack, and the two married on his 30th birthday in 1973.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nIn January 1982, his wife was a student in her final year at medical school when she disappeared. She had shown up unexpectedly at a friend's dinner party in Newtown, Connecticut, then left after a call from her husband to return to their home in South Salem, New York.\nRobert Durst told police he last saw her when he put her on a train to stay at their apartment in Manhattan because she had classes the next day.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nHe would divorce her eight years later, claiming spousal abandonment, and in 2017, at her family's request, she was declared legally dead.\nRobert Durst is survived by his second wife Debrah Charatan, whom he married in 2000. He had no children.\nUnder California law, a conviction is vacated if a defendant dies while the case is under appeal, said Laurie Levenson, a law professor at Loyola Law School.\nLewis said an appeal was filed for Durst.\nAssociated Press writer Michelle A. Monroe in Phoenix contributed.", "Robert Durst, real estate heir convicted of murder, dies at 78\nVolodymyr Zelensky Responds to Legalizing Same-Sex Marriages in Ukraine\nGay Portland - Sign up!\nWant daily stories about gay Portland delivered to your inbox? Sign up for our newsletter - just type your email below:"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.wenovel.com/book/4627/143538.html

CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring

["CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nHOME > Biographical > The Life of George Borrow > CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\n(Left Keyword <-) Previous: CHAPTER XII Eight Years of Vagabondage Back Next: CHAPTER XIV Borrow and The Bible Society (Right Keyword:->)\nCHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\n\u201cPoor George. . . . I wish he were making money. He works hard and remains1 poor\u201d\u2014thus wrote John Borrow to his mother in 1830 from Mexico, and it disposes in a measure of any suggestion of mystery with regard to five of those years that he wished to veil. They were not spent, it is clear, in rambling2 in the East, as he tried to persuade Colonel Napier many years later", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nThey were spent for the most part in diligent3 attempt at the capture of words, in reading the poetry and the prose of many lands, and in making translations of unequal merit from these diverse tongues. This is indisputably brought home to me by the manuscripts in my possession. These manuscripts represent years of work. Borrow has been counted a considerable linguist4, and he had assuredly a reading and speaking acquaintance with a great many languages", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nBut this knowledge was acquired, as all knowledge is, with infinite trouble and patience. I have before me hundreds of small sheets of paper upon which are written English words and their equivalents in some twenty or thirty languages. These serve to show that Borrow learnt a language as a small boy in an old-fashioned system of education learns his Latin or French\u2014by writing down simple words\u2014\u201cfather,\u201d \u201cmother,\u201d \u201chorse,\u201d \u201cdog,\u201d and so on with the same word in Latin or French in front of them", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nOf course Borrow had a superb memory and abundant enthusiasm, and so was enabled to add one language to another and to make his translations from such books as he could obtain with varied5 success. I believe that nearly all the books that he handled came from the Norwich library, and when Mrs. Borrow wrote to her elder son to say that George was working hard, as we may fairly assume, from the reply quoted, that she did, she was recalling this laborious6 work at translation that must have gone on for years", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nWe have seen p. 82the first fruit in the translation from the German\u2014or possibly from the French\u2014of Klinger\u2019s Faustus; we have seen it in Romantic Ballads7 from the Danish, the Irish, and the Swedish. Now there really seemed a chance of a more prosperous utilisation of his gift, for Borrow had found a zealous9 friend who was prepared to go forward with him in his work of giving to the English public translations from the literatures of the northern nations. This friend was Dr", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nBowring has told his own story in a volume of Autobiographical Recollections, a singularly dull book for a man whose career was at once so varied and so full of interest. He was born at Exeter in 1792 of an old Devonshire family, and entered a merchant\u2019s office in his native city on leaving school. He early acquired a taste for the study of languages, and learnt French from a refugee priest precisely10 in the way in which Borrow had done", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nHe also acquired Italian, Spanish, German and Dutch, continuing with a great variety of other languages. Indeed, only the very year after Borrow had published Faustus, he published his Ancient Poetry and Romances of Spain, and the year after Borrow\u2019s Romantic Ballads came Bowring\u2019s Servian Popular Poetry. With such interest in common it was natural that the two men should be brought together, but Bowring had the qualities which enabled him to make a career for himself, and Borrow had not", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nIn 1811, as a clerk in a London mercantile house, he was sent to Spain, and after this his travels were varied. He was in Russia in 1820, and in 1822 was arrested at Calais and thrown into prison, being suspected by the Bourbon Government of abetting11 the French Liberals. Canning as Foreign Minister took up his cause, and he was speedily released. He assisted Jeremy Bentham in founding The Westminster Review in 1824. Meanwhile he was seeking official employment, and in conjunction with Mr", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nVilliers, afterwards Earl of Clarendon, and that ambassador to Spain who befriended Borrow when he was in the Peninsula, became a commissioner12 to investigate the commercial relations between England and France. After the Reform Bill of 1832 Bowring was frequently a candidate for Parliament, and was finally elected for Bolton in 1841. In the meantime he assisted Cobden in the formation of the Anti-Corn Law League in 1838. Having suffered great monetary13 losses in p", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\n83the interval14 he applied15 for the appointment of Consul16 at Canton, of which place he afterwards became Governor, being knighted in 1854. At one period of his career at Hong Kong his conduct was made the subject of a vote of censure17 in Parliament, Lord Palmerston, however, warmly defending him. Finally returning to England in 1862, he continued his literary work with unfailing zest18. He died at Exeter, in a house very near that in which he was born, in 1872", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nHis extraordinary energies cannot be too much praised, and there is no doubt but that in addition to being the possessor of great learning he was a man of high character. His literary efforts were surprisingly varied. There are at least thirty-six volumes with his name on the title-page, most of them unreadable to-day; even such works, for example, as his Visit to the Philippine Isles19 and Siam and the Siamese, which involved travel into then little-known lands", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nPerhaps the only book by him that to-day commands attention is his translation of Chamisso\u2019s Peter Schlemihl. The most readable of many books by him into which I have dipped is his Servian Popular Poetry of 1827, in which we find interesting stories in verse that remind us of similar stories from the Danish in Borrow\u2019s Romantic Ballads published only the year before. The extraordinary thing, indeed, is the many points of likeness20 between Borrow and Bowring", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nBoth were remarkable21 linguists22; both had spent some time in Spain and Russia; both had found themselves in foreign prisons. They were alike associated in some measure with Norwich\u2014Bowring through friendship with Taylor\u2014and I might go on to many other points of likeness or of contrast. It is natural, therefore, that the penniless Borrow should have welcomed acquaintance with the more prosperous scholar. Thus it is that, some thirty years later, Borrow described the introduction by Taylor:", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nThe writer had just entered into his eighteenth year, when he met at the table of a certain Anglo-Germanist an individual, apparently24 somewhat under thirty, of middle stature25, a thin and weaselly figure, a sallow complexion26, a certain obliquity27 of vision, and a large pair of spectacles. This person, who had lately come from abroad, and had published a volume of translations, had attracted some slight notice in the literary world, and was looked upon as a kind of lion in a small provincial28 capital", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nAfter dinner he argued a great deal, spoke29 vehemently30 against the Church, and uttered the most desperate Radicalism31 that was perhaps ever p", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\n84heard, saying, he hoped that in a short time there would not be a king or queen in Europe, and inveighing32 bitterly against the English aristocracy, and against the Duke of Wellington in particular, whom he said, if he himself was ever president of an English republic\u2014an event which he seemed to think by no means improbable\u2014he would hang for certain infamous33 acts of profligacy34 and bloodshed which he had perpetrated in Spain", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nBeing informed that the writer was something of a philologist35, to which character the individual in question laid great pretensions36, he came and sat down by him, and talked about languages and literature. The writer, who was only a boy, was a little frightened at first.", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nThe quarrels of authors are frequently amusing but rarely edifying37, and this hatred38 of Bowring that possessed39 the soul of poor Borrow in his later years is of the same texture40 as the rest. We shall never know the facts, but the position is comprehensible enough. Let us turn to the extant correspondence which, as far as we know, opened when Borrow paid what was probably his third visit to London in 1829:\nTo Dr. John Bowring\n17 Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury. [Dec. 6, 1829.]", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nMy dear Sir,\u2014Lest I should intrude41 upon you when you are busy, I write to inquire when you will be unoccupied. I wish to shew you my translation of The Death of Balder, Ewald\u2019s most celebrated42 production, which, if you approve of, you will perhaps render me some assistance in bringing forth43, for I don\u2019t know many publishers. I think this will be a proper time to introduce it to the British public, as your account of Danish literature will doubtless cause a sensation. My friend Mr. R", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nTaylor has my K\u00e6mpe Viser, which he has read and approves of; but he is so very deeply occupied, that I am apprehensive44 he neglects them: but I am unwilling45 to take them out of his hands, lest I offend him. Your letting me know when I may call will greatly oblige,\u2014Dear Sir, your most obedient servant,", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nMy dear Sir,\u2014I trouble you with these lines for the purpose of submitting a little project of mine for your approbation46. When I had last the pleasure of being at yours, you mentioned that we might at some future period unite our strength in composing a kind of Danish Anthology. You know, as well as I, that by far the most remarkable portion of Danish poetry is comprised in those ancient popular productions termed K\u00e6mpe p. 85Viser, which I have translated", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nSuppose we bring forward at once the first volume of the Danish Anthology, which should contain the heroic and supernatural songs of the K. V., which are certainly the most interesting; they are quite ready for the press with the necessary notes, and with an introduction which I am not ashamed of", "CHAPTER XIII Sir John Bowring\nThe second volume might consist of the Historic songs and the ballads and Romances, this and the third volume, which should consist of the modern Danish poetry, and should commence with the celebrated \u201cOde to the Birds\u201d by Morten Borup, might appear in company at the beginning of next season. To \u00d6lenslager should be <............"]

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The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine

["The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nArgument Assay In the story \u201cthe flying Machine\u201d by Ray Bradbury, the emperor executed an inventor because he had made a machine which could fly. The reason for this was that he wanted to protect his kingdom and keep peace for as long as possible. The emperor was not justified in killing the inventor of the flying machine. Some people argue that the emperor carried out this act for the benefit of his kingdom", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nThis is true to some extent, for if his enemies did hear about a machine which could fly they would try very hard to get one. The enemy needed these flying machines to fly over the Great Wall of China. The great wall protected the empire from almost anything, except flying machines. So for the sake of the safety of his empire\u2026show more content\u2026", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nPlanes can be useful for two different things, they can either carry the wounded to safety but they can also carry the deadly bombs. It depends on how we control the flying machines whether they are for good uses or for bad. The inventor also had a family which had to be looked after. When executing the inventor his wife became a widow and would want to know why he had been killed. She would also need support from the emperor as her husband was now dead and could not care for her", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nFurthermore, although the flying machine would have a chance of being spotted it would have been to far away to be noticeable. To the other empires it would have been assumed that the flying machines were just birds in the distance. The machines could have been flown away from the boarder so that it could be kept a secret. If the enemy did manage to create a flying machine then the empire had one to defend itself against them", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nThus the emperor was not justified in executing the inventor of the flying machine. \u2026.the most important thing to understand is that it is not the machine or invention which is the problem but it is the people that control it will determine whether it is used for good or bad", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nWhile the more sophisticated of the US advisers realised that the domino theory was too simplistic in an increasingly non-linear world, split not just by ideology but also historically through ethnic and nationalist conflict, this didn't mean that the USSR and China would exploit any weakness shown by the USA. Cold War Considerations: Western Europe and the USSR De Gaulle's France was challenging US leadership in both Vietnam and Europe", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nAnti-American riots tore through Panama which was merely the most obvious show of increasing hostility to the USA in the western hemisphere. There were fears that one of the two Communist superpowers might be tempted to use this, forcing the USA to get involved in other local conflicts against their will", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nVietnam and the survival of the South were considered a central part of the maintenance of a stable world order, and LBJ in particular said that if Chinese aggression could be contained in South East Asia then it would \u201cgive the pole on", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nIn his work, Fleming explained that if the Soviets wanted to attack the united states of America they had done it because they had all the necessary equipment but at that period the nation was more interested in its inner politics than conquering the world", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nSeeing the Soviet Union as its biggest threat and being afraid of the \u201cDomino\u201d effect, the American government decided to take actions by supporting the rebels in Latin America and countries that were gaining their independence in a hope that these societies will adopt the capitalist ideology. The decisions that the USA made where not always elaborated and in some cases they did more harm than good. Isolating the U.S.S.R from the world politics was", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nThe British were unable to bomb the gas chambers and crematoria for sound technical reasons. From about the end of August 1944, the Americans could have bombed these installations. Senior air commanders were justified in their decision because numerous sorties against V-1 rocket sites, barges, petroleum oil, lubricant depots, roundhouses, airfields, power stations and other German military installations would have been sacrificed due to the amount of aircrafts required to bomb Auschwitz", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nHeavy prisoner casualties would have arisen and the uncertainty of success would have posed grave moral questions. Overall, the Joint Chief of Staff, the British Foreign Office, the Royal Air Force, the War Department and senior officials knew that their air power was imperfect and finite and thus acted", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nAir military strength became one of the most important elements of the war. Aerial bombing became increasingly popular among politicians and military leaders because it was not as messy as trench warfare. At the start of the war, Western Europe, especially France, lacked air power and, therefore, were more vulnerable to Germany\u2019s air raids. Jets were introduced later into the war by the Germans", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nMany of these new aircrafts and jets were created in secrecy because the Treaty of Versailles, previously established, restricted the development of aircraft for war from the Germans.", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nNecessity of the bomb lies with the amount of people that would have been killed in a land invasion, although it was vastly exaggerated. If next generation were raised on the path the Japanese were taking, they would grow up to become monsters. it saved many American Soldiers lives by stopping a land invasion of Japan and prisoners of war were being abused", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nBut the Atomic bomb used against Japan was not necessary to end the war considering the numbers of American lives saved was vastly exaggerated, They were sending their battleships and pilots out on suicide missions as they were desperate, there was a vengeance for pearl harbour and racism towards the Japanese people, many victims of the bomb were civilians that had nothing to do with the war, the only reason Japanese weren\u2019t surrendering is because they didn\u2019t want to give up there emperor to the \u201cunconditional surrender\u201d and to demonstrate their power over the world", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nThe bombing of Hiroshima was necessary to end the war as it would save many lives as suggests in source A \u201cshould adopt a position that rather than throw to this bomb we should have sacrificed a million American and a quarter of a million British live\u201d.", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nPeople\u2019s emotions are heightened, and accidents happen. While it is clear that Israel did not want the United States to monitor its progress during the war, it seems pretty unlikely that Israel would risk a military confrontation with its American allies. As was noted earlier, it would be difficult to determine the exact identity of an isolated ship from the height of a flying jet aircraft", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nMaybe if the United States had notified Israel of the Liberty\u2019s presence, or if there had been better communication between the Israeli pilots and the Americans onboard the vessel, this accident might have been", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nArmed Pilots 1 A LOOK AT THE ARGUMENT OF ARMING PILOTS A look at the argument of arming airline pilots D M Aeronautical Science for Management AGMT 202 Arming Pilots 2 ABSTRACT: This paper gives both sides to the argument about pilots carrying guns in the cockpits. While on the one hand the pilots would be able to protect themselves and their passengers if they carried guns, on the other hand there are those pilots that have never had gun training and do not care to handle guns", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nWhen they became pilots they did not take into consideration that they might have to become 'soldiers of the air' as well. Armed pilots 3 A look at the argument of arming airline pilots On the subject of airline safety, I feel that the consideration of guns being carried by pilots is astoundingly important. There has been much controversy as to whether pilots should be allowed to carry guns in the cockpit.", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nI agree that the enabling act was the most important factor in Hitler\u2019s consolidation of power because the enabling act allowed Hitler to pass decrees without the president\u2019s involvement it also made Hitler a legal dictator he has absolute power. Hitler was still not secure as he could not remove his opponents like the civil service who could undermine the Weimar republic also Hindenburg could still sack Hitler at anytime", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nFor the next 4 years if Hitler wanted a new law he could just pass it and because of enabling act he didn\u2019t need to consult the Reichstag. He intimidated the Reichstag into passing the enabling act by using the S.A. the Nazis won their largest even share of the votes and with support of the smaller nationalist parties Hitler had the majority of seats in the Reichstag one of the Nazis main aims", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nHowever the Reichstag fire plus emergency decrees was also another important factor in Hitler\u2019s rise to power because they were able to take advantage of the situation when the Reichstag build burned down as he was able to then blame the communists for this a declared that it was the start of a communist uprising and that he needed to act and got Hindenburg to grant him the emergency decrees to help deal with this uprising.", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nWhy Hitler Became Chancellor\nHindenburg couldn't oppose against the public's choice otherwise he would be going against the democratic \u2018Weimar republic\u2019 regulation of including the people\u2019s views. Overall, Hitler\u2019s popularity with the nation was one of the main reasons why he was appointed as chancellor. He promised things to a variation of people that not many other politicians had offered. Secondly, because of the propaganda that was responsible for the change of peoples view's of the", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\n? If you are a part of the Realist school of thought then you would think that multipolary is a bad thing because as a realist, you believe that people are inherently selfish and will not do anything to help the fellow man. So it is also believed that countries will only work to better their interests, and with so many countries competing to become the new world super power, they could come into conflict. Most of these countries do have nuclear weapons so if conflict breaks out it would be very dangerous", "The Inventor In Ray Bradbury's The Flying Machine\nRealist also believe that when the cold war the world was the safest that it could have been because the two super powers of the world the USA and the USSR were at logger heads which meant that all of the other countries in the world did not want anything to happen because these countries could destroy the world, so other countries watched what was happening between the USA and the USSR."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.erowid.org/library/books/history_of.shtml

The History of Magic and the Occult: A Survey of Magical Ideas and Operations in the Western World

["The History of Magic and the Occult: A Survey of Magical Ideas and Operations in the Western World\nThe History of Magic and the Occult\nKurt Seligmann\nRandom House Value Publishers\nFrom time immemorial, man has felt himself to be confronted with evil supernatual beings, and his weapon against them has been the use of magical rites. As an artist, I am concerned with the aesthetic value of magic and its influence upon man's creative imagination.\n-- Kurt Seligmann\nThe History of Magic and the Occult is a profusely illustrated survey of the magical ideas and operations in the civilized Western world.", "The History of Magic and the Occult: A Survey of Magical Ideas and Operations in the Western World\nThis masterwork of occult history covers astrology, divination, physiognomy, fortune cards, the Sphinx, the philosophers' stone, witchcraft and black magic, the Cabala, the Tarot, transmutations, alchemy, omens, oracles, and vampires.", "The History of Magic and the Occult: A Survey of Magical Ideas and Operations in the Western World\nA magical world view, The History of Magic and the Occult spotlights the secret teachings of philosophers and seers like Abraham, Paracelsus, Nostradamus, Ikhnaton, Bacon, Dr. Faustus, Albertus Magnus, Agrippa, Cleopatra, Descartes, Dante, Erasmus, Saint Germain, and many other prophetic mystics.\nIn the tradition of The Golden Bough and The Morning of the Magicians, The History of Magic and the Occult is a classic primer and the definitive supernatural source guide.", "The History of Magic and the Occult: A Survey of Magical Ideas and Operations in the Western World\nKurt Seligmann, brilliant surrealist painter, has compiled and crystallized the most significant and interesting aspects of the religious and superstitious beliefs of ancient, medieval, and modern times."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101208161543/http://www.albertasource.ca/homefront/feature_articles/alberta_indians.html

Alberta's Indians and the Second World War

["Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nAlberta's Indians and the Second World War\nPage 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5\nJames Dempsey\nReprinted with permission of the author and publisher of For King and Country: Alberta in the Second World War", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nWhen Canada declared war on the Axis countries in September 1939, the response from the native population proved to be as enthusiastic as that shown by most other Canadians who feared the Fascist menace. Over the next five years, Alberta's natives supported the war effort by enlisting for active service in the armed forces and contributing significantly to the home front effort", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nThe latter was achieved by finding employment in the war factories, supplying finances for war funds, and working to increase agricultural production on the reserves.", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nNatives' sense of loyalty to the King of England was a strong inducement to participate in the war effort, as it had been in the First World War. But unlike the previous war, Indians ultimately became eligible for conscription, in spite of treaty stipulations to the contrary. These treaties, made between the Indians and the Crown in the 19th century, promised that Indians would not be required to participate in any of Canada's foreign wars, but they were overruled when conscription was introduced in 1944", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nThe controversy over the conscription issue and other government policies will be examined with native Albertans' contributions during the Second World War.", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nIndian participation in active service between 1939 and 1945 was remarkable. They were represented in every rank from Private to Brigadier, and fought in every theatre of the war. Their total recorded number of enlistments reached 3090, of which 213 died in service and 93 were wounded.1\nIndians saw action in theatres as diverse as Hong Kong, where seven men saw action against the Japanese, and the famous raids on Norway and Dieppe. At Dieppe, two natives died and three were captured.2", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nOnly nine Indians served in the Royal Canadian Navy, 82 enlisted in the Veterans Guard of Canada, and 29 were members of the Royal Canadian Air Force.3 Educational requirements for the RCAF barred many Indian enlistees, which was a blow to the many who tried to join.4 Their rejection from the Air Force, because their education was not on a par with that of non-Indians, showed that improvements were needed in the native education system if it was to provide an education equal to that of non-Indians", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nIndian women also joined the three armed services, with a total of 72 enlisting.6 Some were involved in overseas duties, while civilian women worked on the home front, organizing campaign committees and clubs to aid in the war effort.7", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nOntario, with the largest population among the provinces, provided the largest enlistment of natives with 1324 men and women joining up. Saskatchewan was second with 443 men, and Alberta contributed 144 enlistees.8 The percentage of Indian participation across Canada was considered to be equal to the 35 per cent rate for eligible males which had been attained in the First World War. This fact was commented upon by the Hon", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nJohn Diefenbaker during debate preceding the conscription plebiscite, when he stated that \"by percentage Canada's Indians had the highest enlistment rate of any race and if others were like them there would be no need for a plebiscite.\"9 An important point to be remembered when referring to native enlistment figures for both world wars is the fact that they do not include many Indians from the far north who enlisted, enfranchised natives, nor those who missed the national registration", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nBearing this in mind, estimates for Second World War enlistment could have reached the 4000 level attained during the First World War.", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nThe Indians of Canada were in a unique situation as wards of the Federal government in that they did not have the rights or responsibilities of citizenship.10 This exemption can be traced back to the signing of the treaties in western Canada during the 1870s. The Hon. Alexander Morris, who negotiated some of the treaties for the Crown, was specifically asked by the Indians during Treaty Three in 1873 about possible Indian involvement in wars outside Canada", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\n\"They then asked,\" wrote Morris, \"that they should not be sent to war and I told them the Queen was not in the habit of employing the Indians in warfare.\"11 One of the chiefs commented: \"If you should get into trouble with the nations, I do not wish to walk out and expose my young men to aid you in any of your wars.\"12 To this Morris replied: \"The English never call the Indians out of their country to fight their battles.\"13 Therefore, in the First World War they had not been expected to take up arms", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nWhen conscription was introduced in 1917, natives were included at first, but once the negotiations during Treaty Three were brought to the attention of the government, all Indian conscripts were discharged. Near the end of the Second World War, Canada again introduced conscription but this time Indians were not to be exempt.", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nIn the House of Commons debates of 23 July 1943, the Hon. Mr. Nicholson asked the government what its position was regarding the treaties which were considered by the Indians as sacred and binding.14 The Hon. Thomas A. Crerar, Minister for the Indian Affairs Branch of the Department of Mines and Resources, replied that \"the Department of Justice has given a decision to the effect that as the Indians are British subjects they are liable to military service", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nThe federal government, by using the War Measures Act with its far-reaching powers, and with the stamp of approval from the Department of Justice, had overruled the seventy-year-old treaties. Similarly, a year earlier, the Hon. MJ. Coldwell, MP for Rosetown-Biggar, and national Leader of the CCF party, questioned on what authority the government had acted to supersede a treaty concerning a land deal", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nCrerar responded by stating that \"[the] Department of Justice expressed the opinion that the government had the right to acquire property under the War Measures Act.\"16 These actions clearly indicated that while the Indians of Canada had the responsibilities of Canadian citizens, they were not yet recognized as having the rights of citizenship.", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nWhy would Canada's Indians be interested in fighting a war that was on a different continent and against an enemy they never really knew", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\n? Memories of the First World War, their fathers' war, probably were still present, and there remained the strong attraction of martial glory which had been a major element in the cultures of most of Canada's native tribes. In addition many western Canadian Indians felt a unique relationship existed between themselves and the British Crown", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nThis is illustrated by Private Dreaver from the Mistawasis Reserve at Carlton, Saskatchewan, who told an English newsman that he had three brothers in the Great War, and one had died at Vimy Ridge. He explained that his great-grandfather, Chief Mistawasis, had signed a peace treaty which Queen Victoria had also signed, and therefore he had a commitment to the Crown.17 However, some Indians had a broader picture of the war and their responsibilities", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nstand up and fight for what we believe is a righteous and a just cause. We therefore take it upon ourselves to share the burdens afoul' white brothers, even though it means war, and to do our utmost to overcome what may threaten to take away all that is dear to us.... We are prepared to make any sacrifice knowing that however hard and bitter it may seem, our efforts shall not be in vain.18\nThis feeling was also expressed by a non-Indian, who stated in a newspaper article:", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\nIndian participation is probably because they feel that this is their country; they are a part of the Canadian nation. A probably also because they have learned something of the villainies of the enemy against whom we are fighting. Those Indians who do so nobly give back some of their small treaty payment, must have a good idea why they are doing it.19\n1. Memorandum: The Record of Canadian Indians in the Two World Wars, E. St. Louis, Archivist, Ottawa, 27 April 1950.", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\n2. Canada, Department of Mines and Resources, Annual Report for 1943, p. 147.\n3. Ibid.\n4. The Indian Missionary record, [hereafter cited as IMR], Vol. 6, No. 2, [March 1943].\n5. Canada. Department of Mines and Resources, Annual Report for 1945, p. 161.\n6. E. St. Louis, op. cit.\n7. IMR, Vol. 6, No. 2, [March 1943].\n9. Official Report of the Debates on the House of Commons of the Dominion of Canada, [hereafter cited as Debates], 3rd Session, 19th Parliament, 28 April 1942, p. 1960.", "Alberta's Indians and the Second World War\n10. Canada. Department of Indian Affairs, Annual Report for 1918, p. 14.\n11. Alexander Morris, The Treaties of Canada with the Indians of Manitoba and the North-West Territories, and Kee-Wa-Tin. [Toronto: Willing & Williamson, 1880], p. 50.\n12. Ibid., p. 69.\n13. Ibid.\n14. Debates, 4th Session, 19th parliament, 23 July 1943, p. 5307.\n15. Ibid., p. 5308.\n16. Debates, 3rd Session, 19th Parliament, 2 July 1942, p. 3861.\n17. Free Press, 10 October 1940.\n18. IMR, Vol. 8, No. 5, [May 1945]."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.fossilhunters.xyz/plate-tectonics-3/stanley-runcorn-discovers-wandering-poles.html

Stanley Runcorn Discovers Wandering Poles - Plate Tectonics

["Stanley Runcorn Discovers Wandering Poles - Plate Tectonics\nIn the 1950s, a number of geologists were trying to make some sense of how Earth's magnetic field works. One of these men was Stanley Runcorn, a geophysicist at the University of Newcastle in England at the time. While measuring the remnant magnetism found frozen into igneous rocks around Europe, he discovered something very strange: It appeared that the position of the north magnetic pole of Earth moved around over time. This was very unexpected", "Stanley Runcorn Discovers Wandering Poles - Plate Tectonics\nBased on the shape of Earth's magnetic field and the accepted theory of what produced it, the magnetic poles should stay fairly close to the geographic poles. However, according to Runcorn's data, the rocks showed that the north magnetic pole had started out in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii, then moved over by Japan, and eventually came to rest in its present position in the Arctic.", "Stanley Runcorn Discovers Wandering Poles - Plate Tectonics\nFigure 4.4 The maps above show the polar wandering curve through Pangaea as well as through the present day configuration, which provides further evidence for moving tectonic plates.", "Stanley Runcorn Discovers Wandering Poles - Plate Tectonics\nOf course, there was another possibility. Perhaps the north magnetic pole had stayed in one place while the rocks that he was using to measure the magnetism had moved. Runcorn started looking at the paleomagnetic data from other continents and found that these also showed that the magnetic poles had \"wandered\" in the past. The problem was that the polar wandering curves from each of the continents showed that the north magnetic pole had been in different places at the same time in the past", "Stanley Runcorn Discovers Wandering Poles - Plate Tectonics\nThis was impossible. If the magnetic pole had in fact moved, then all of the different curves should have pointed in the same direction. They did not. The only explanation that made sense to Runcorn was that continental drift had moved the rocks into different locations while the pole stayed still.", "Stanley Runcorn Discovers Wandering Poles - Plate Tectonics\nTo test this idea, Runcorn made a map of Pangaea similar to the one that Wegener had drawn 40 years earlier. He then plotted the position of the magnetic poles at different times in the past and, sure enough, when the continents were reassembled, the polar wandering curves matched.", "Stanley Runcorn Discovers Wandering Poles - Plate Tectonics\nWhen Runcorn published the results, many scientists thought that his data was flawed. They claimed that because the devices used to measure magnetism in rocks were still very crude, what he thought was a moving pole might just have been an error in the readings. Runcorn pressed on, and as the equipment became better, the data showed that he was on the right track", "Stanley Runcorn Discovers Wandering Poles - Plate Tectonics\nThe final clincher came just a few years later when another group of scientists would use reversals in Earth's magnetic field to prove that the oceans were spreading.", "Stanley Runcorn Discovers Wandering Poles - Plate Tectonics\nTelescopes Mastery\nThrough this ebook, you are going to learn what you will need to know all about the telescopes that can provide a fun and rewarding hobby for you and your family!\nHow to Grow Taller\nFat Burning Soup Recipes\nStarting A New Life\nApparent polar wander curves\nMany Questions Still Remain\nArthur Holmes And The Concept Of Convection\nAlfred Wegener Takes On The World\nThe Theory Of Seafloor Spreading\nWhat is polar wandering curve.?"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://listserv.brown.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind1302&L=PED-EM-L&D=0&O=A&P=16237&F=P

LISTSERV 16.5 - PED-EM-L Archives

["LISTSERV 16.5 - PED-EM-L Archives\nPED-EM-L Archives\[email protected]\nPED-EM-L Home\nPED-EM-L February 2013\nRe: Position in Children's Hospital & Medical Center in Omaha, Nebraska\n\"Krull, Brenda\" <[log in to unmask]>\nKrull, Brenda\nFor details on the position in Omaha contact our Clinical Service Chief, David Tolo, MD or our recruiter Brenda Krull at the following:\n8200 Dodge Street * Omaha, NE 68114-4113\n402.955.6971 * 402.955.6959 FAX\nWe know children. * ChildrensOmaha.org", "LISTSERV 16.5 - PED-EM-L Archives\nFrom: Pediatric Emergency Medicine Discussion List [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Krull, Brenda\nSent: Tuesday, February 12, 2013 3:42 PM\nSubject: Position in Children's Hospital & Medical Center in Omaha, Nebraska\nChildren's Hospital & Medical Center is seeking an additional BE/BC Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physician. Children's is a 145-bed, non-profit hospital which provides service to children and families across a five-state region and beyond. This opportunity offers the following:", "LISTSERV 16.5 - PED-EM-L Archives\n*Our Emergency Department is the only dedicated pediatric ED in the state of Nebraska.\n*Recently verified as a Level II Pediatric Trauma Center. Provide 24-hour care to infants, children and young adults with urgent and emergent medical, surgical and traumatic conditions.\n*Staffed by 8 pediatric emergency medicine physicians as well as pediatricians and nurse practitioners.\n*Supported by 24-hour, in-house pediatric critical care specialists and over 30 pediatric sub-specialties.", "LISTSERV 16.5 - PED-EM-L Archives\n*Almost 26,000 patients seen annually\n*Desirable Compensation and Benefits Package *Faculty appointment at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine\n*Beautiful clinical environment at Children's Hospital & Medical Center, the region's only full-service, pediatric health care center.", "LISTSERV 16.5 - PED-EM-L Archives\nOmaha is a vibrant city with a metropolitan population of 800,000. Offering excellent schools, Omaha is a safe, family-oriented town. Entertainment options are nearly endless with a new large convention center and arena, which attracts the biggest names in music and sports. Omaha has become a major center for NCAA events including Volleyball Final Four, Regional Division I Basketball, 2008 and 2012 Olympic Swimming Trials and the College World Series", "LISTSERV 16.5 - PED-EM-L Archives\nOmaha is the home of the largest community theater in the country, has an excellent symphony and opera and hosts numerous visiting Broadway plays. Property values are among the most affordable in the country for a city of this size. There are numerous universities and colleges, most notably the University of Nebraska at Omaha and Creighton University. Traveling to and from Omaha is simple with 11 major airlines serving the user-friendly airport and two major interstate highways", "LISTSERV 16.5 - PED-EM-L Archives\nFor more information, send mail to [log in to unmask] with the message: info PED-EM-L The URL for the PED-EM-L Web Page is:\nhttp://listserv.brown.edu/ped-em-l.html\nFor more information, send mail to [log in to unmask] with the message: info PED-EM-L\nThe URL for the PED-EM-L Web Page is:"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://catalog.southernct.edu/undergraduate2016-2017/courses/his320.html

History of the Indochina Wars 1965-1993

["History of the Indochina Wars 1965-1993\nHistory of the Indochina Wars 1965-1993\nHIS 320 - History of the Indochina Wars 1965-1993\nHistory of the Indochina Wars in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam from the introduction of U.S. ground troops in March 1965 through the U.N. sponsored elections in Cambodia 1993. Discusses the international political arena, domestic dissent, military strategy and tactics, and the results of the Indochina Wars for the Indochinese peoples.\nPrerequisite(s): 6 credits in HIS of which 3 credits must be HIS 300."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://muckraker-gg.blogspot.co.uk/2015/09/

Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015

["Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nDebs and Sanders: Revolutionary Campaigners\nTo understand Bernie, consider Eugene Debs\n\u201cTo me, socialism doesn\u2019t mean state ownership of everything, by any means, it means creating a nation, and a world, in which all human beings have a decent standard of living.-- Bernie Sanders, 1990\nListen: Bernie reads Debs (from Sanders documentary)Read more: 14 Things Sanders has said about socialism", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nBernie Sanders has a plaque honoring Eugene Debs on the wall of his Senate office in Washington. It is an abiding admiration, stretching back decades. Before becoming Burlington mayor in 1981 -- but after four \"third party\" races for statewide office in the 1970s -- he produced and narrated a 28-minute documentary, Eugene V. Debs: Trade Unionist, Socialist, Revolutionary, 1855-1926.", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nFor a better understanding of Sanders' philosophy and style, it helps to know a bit about the political figure he admired as a young radical in Vermont, during and after the Vietnam War.", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nA century ago, American politics was dominated by men who could command a public stage, telling jokes and stories with ease, making arguments and issuing indictments in long speeches. Of course, most of them relied on prepared remarks, but Eugene Debs seemed to speak from the heart. No tricks or effects, just electrifying straight talk.", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nMuch like Bernie Sanders, Debs could inspire a crowd. He could be angry and funny, sarcastic and sentimental, sometimes poetic or even prophetic. But his target was always the same - big capitalists and their bankers, judges, politicians, editors, and even conservative unions leaders. He called on workers to join a moral struggle against \"wage slavery.\" Industrialists were making a mockery of democracy, he charged, using their control of production to pervert the will of the majority.", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nFor more than 30 years Debs was the most visible (and often controversial) spokesmen for a socialist vision in America. Critics said he was a menace, an apostle of anarchy and chaos. Eventually, he went to prison for his anti-war beliefs. In the end, the movement to free the presidential candidate who was simultaneously \"democracy's prisoner\" launched the American Civil Liberties Union and changed the terms of free speech during wartime.", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nIn 1894, Debs first took center stage in the growing struggle between industrial capitalists and their workers. It was during one of the most dramatic and disruptive labor protests in American history -- the American Railway Union strike against the Pullman Palace Sleeping Car Company.", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nBy 1901 he had moved from preaching about a cooperative commonwealth to openly promoting socialism as leader of the new Socialist Party of America. By then a \"professional revolutionary,\" he ran for president every four years. The party had 150,000 members by 1912, and had elected hundreds of people as mayors, councilors, commissioners and state representatives", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nAs the centerpiece of the ongoing Socialist campaign, Debs often toured the country in a Red Special railcar filled with posters, reporters and party dignitaries. At the height of the tours he gave hundreds of speeches a month, consistently mesmerizing his audiences. In 1912, Debs kicked off his fourth presidential campaign to a sold-out crowd in Madison Square Garden and received a half-hour standing ovation. It was the same everywhere he went", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nHe painted vivid word pictures of worker slaughter in mines and mills and the impending battle between \"the multi-millionaire and the pauper.\" He touched an emotional core for anyone concerned about the new concentrations of wealth, even if they were skeptical about his socialism.", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nPart of the appeal was his claim to be part of the working class. Debs was largely self-educated and began working on the railroads at fourteen. From there he became a union leader. But his message also had appeal for middle class men and women (even though the latter couldn't yet vote). Critics saw socialism as an alien ideology, imported by immigrants. But Debs challenged that notion. He was a midwesterner, fighting capitalism in the spirit of Tom Paine and Walt Whitman", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nIn the turning point presidential race of 1912, Debs argued that both Woodrow Wilson, the Democrat, and Theodore Roosevelt, running on his reform \"Bull Moose\" party platform, missed the main point -- that workers and owners were natural enemies with irreconcilable interests. Both were trying to ease the symptoms of injustice, but ignoring their cause.", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nThat year Debs got almost a million votes, doubling his 1908 tally. It looked like the Socialist Party and Debs were here to stay. But then came World War I, and in its wake Debs ended up in federal prison in 1919 for speaking out against war. A year after that, as a movement built for his release, he ran for president again. Before the end of 1921, he was released by President Warren Harding.", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nAlthough Debs didn't get as far as Bernie Sanders in persuading Americans to join a political revolution and consider socialist solutions, he began the dialogue. Debs also provoked a national debate about the meaning of the First Amendment. In a post-war age of oppressive conformity, he sparked the birth of the modern civil liberties movement and convinced many people that society should better protect those who dissent, especially when they refuse to support the majority in the heat of war", "Greg Guma / Maverick Media: September 2015\nIt's easy to see why Bernie Sanders, already the longest serving Independent in US congressional history and leading US voice for democratic socialism today, still admires him. But he has some distance to go to match Debs' enduring impact and legacy."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.mus.edu/board/meetings/Archives/ITEM113-2702-R1101.htm

NOTICE OF INTENT: Authorization To offer a Masters in HealthAdministration at Montana State University-Bozeman and Montana StateUniversity-Billings

["NOTICE OF INTENT: Authorization To offer a Masters in HealthAdministration at Montana State University-Bozeman and Montana StateUniversity-Billings\nITEM: 113-2702-R1101 Authorization to reorganize the College of Education\nand Human Services; Montana State\nUniversity-Billings\nTHAT: The\nBoard of Regents of Higher Education authorizes Montana State\nUniversity-Billings to reorganize the College of Education and Human Services. EXPLANATION: Reorganization\nof the College of Education and Human Services at Montana State\nUniversity-Billings is requested to enable the College to continue to meet the", "NOTICE OF INTENT: Authorization To offer a Masters in HealthAdministration at Montana State University-Bozeman and Montana StateUniversity-Billings\nneeds of the students, the faculty, and other stakeholders in a more cost\neffective organizational structure. The proposed reorganization of the College\nof Education and Human Services will consolidate five (5) academic units to\nthree (3) academic units.\nThe previous\norganization was the Department of Counseling and Human Services, the\nDepartment of Curriculum and Instruction, the Department of Educational\nFoundations, the Department of Health and Physical Education, and the", "NOTICE OF INTENT: Authorization To offer a Masters in HealthAdministration at Montana State University-Bozeman and Montana StateUniversity-Billings\nDepartment of Special Education and Reading. The proposed reorganization is the\nDepartment of Educational Theory and Practice, the Department of Health,\nPhysical Education and Human Services, and the Department of Special Education,\nCounseling, Reading, and Early Childhood. The Department of Counseling and Human\nServices will be blended into Special Education and Reading, and Health and\nPhysical Education. The Departments of\nEducational Foundations and Curriculum and Instruction will be combined and", "NOTICE OF INTENT: Authorization To offer a Masters in HealthAdministration at Montana State University-Bozeman and Montana StateUniversity-Billings\nrenamed. The synergy between Health\nPromotion and Human Services is tremendous. The expertise found in the programs\nof Rehabilitation Counseling, Community Counseling, and Special Education will\nstrengthen all the programmatic offerings. The proposed structure will have one\nunit that provides both the foundations of educational and pedagogical theory\nfield of practice.\nThe need for\nreorganization of the College is twofold: (A) The continuing difficulties experienced related to budget short", "NOTICE OF INTENT: Authorization To offer a Masters in HealthAdministration at Montana State University-Bozeman and Montana StateUniversity-Billings\nfalls have forced all stakeholders to look at how they might be better stewards\nof state dollars. By reducing the\nacademic units in the college from five to three, there will be a reduction in\ndepartment chairs and administrative support. (B) The proposed combination of\nprograms and faculty will provide for greater potential of synergy. Two specific areas for the potential of\nsynergy are the programs in Human Services and Health Promotion. The other synergistic program potential", "NOTICE OF INTENT: Authorization To offer a Masters in HealthAdministration at Montana State University-Bozeman and Montana StateUniversity-Billings\nincludes Rehabilitative Counseling, Community Counseling and Special Education\ncombinations.\nStarting Date:Immediately after approval"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://rosenzweig.huji.ac.il/knowledge-and-awareness-jews-german-academic-tradition-and-arab-israeli-conflict

Something went wrong...

["Something went wrong...\nThis research project sought to write a chapter in the history of cultural transfer and influence focusing on Jewish scholars in the area of Oriental Studies who were either partially or fully educated in institutes of higher learning within the sphere of German language and culture, and who subsequently pursued their professional careers in Palestine and the State of Israel", "Something went wrong...\nThe study sought to examine the path taken by German Orientalism into the heart of Israeli learning and research on the one hand, and to trace the marks left by the escalating Jewish-Arab dispute on these same scholars, who initially became acquainted with the East in places far removed from this dispute, namely within the sphere of European and particularly German learning and discourse.", "Something went wrong...\nThis research project departed from the premise that the study of the Orient provided these scholars with various singular linguistic and cultural skills that influenced their understanding of the developing reality they encountered upon their immigration from Europe and shaped their outlooks to some extent", "Something went wrong...\nThe research project further assumed that their close proximity to their objects of study as a result of their migration, and the growing pressure exerted on them to harness their expertise and professional knowledge to the needs of the Jewish collective in Palestine and the State of Israel, challenged their scholarly ethos of independence, distance and objectivity that had been inculcated in these scholars in the European academies of the turn of the century and the first third of the 20th century", "Something went wrong...\nIt therefore sought to examine the paradox of proximity and remoteness; and through this to examine the possibility that the proximity to the East distanced it from these scholars, or alternatively, caused them to choose to distance themselves in response to the intense proximity created by the dispute", "Something went wrong...\nMobilization, disappointment and disenchantment are part of the range of reactions exhibited by these scholars in face of the growing dispute, and it is these reactions that the research documented and analyzed.", "Something went wrong...\nFunded by the Israel Science Foundation\nLeading Researcher: Prof. Yfaat Weiss\nResearchers: Dr. Yoni Mendel, Adi Livny, Amit Levy\nYonatan Mendel, \"From German Philology to Local Usability: The Emergence of 'Practical' Arabic in the Hebrew Reali School in Haifa, 1913-48\", in Middle Eastern Studies, 2015."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.wmur.com/article/prosecutors-boston-marathon-suspects-used-relatively-sophisticated-bombs/5190530

Prosecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs

["Prosecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs\nProsecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs\nCourt documents reveal bombs were made from Christmas lights\nUpdated: 7:49 AM EDT May 22, 2014", "Prosecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs\nBOSTON \u2014 The Boston Marathon bombing suspects used \"relatively sophisticated\" bombs with fuses made from Christmas lights and remote-control detonators made from model car parts, federal prosecutors said Wednesday in a court filing arguing statements one of them made to FBI agents after being captured shouldn't be thrown out.The filing argued against a defense motion to toss suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's statements to the agents because he was questioned without a lawyer.", "Prosecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs\nProsecutors said the bombs, comments Tsarnaev and his brother made to a carjacking victim that they might explode more bombs in New York, and a note Tsarnaev wrote in a boat where he was captured made it imperative to know if there was a continuing terror threat before informing him of his rights", "Prosecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs\nProsecutors also said the brothers used fine black powder from firecrackers as fuel for the bombs and, since none was found in searches of their homes and cars, investigators worried they had help.\"Interviewing Tsarnaev as soon as possible was therefore essential to protect the public from possible harm,\" prosecutors wrote, citing a public safety exception to the Miranda rule about informing suspects of their rights before interrogation if their statements are to be used in court against them.The prosecutors said Tsarnaev told agents he and his brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, acted alone and there were no more bombs.Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 20, has pleaded not guilty to several federal charges", "Prosecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs\nProsecutors allege he and his brother planted two pressure cooker bombs near the marathon's finish line, killing three people and injuring more than 260 others. His brother was killed during a gunbattle with police on April 19, 2013, four days after the marathon bombing.Prosecutors said Tsarnaev explained his motive in the note he left in the boat. It said the U.S. government was killing innocent civilians. \"I can't stand to see such evil go unpunished,\" the note said in part", "Prosecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs\n\"We Muslims are one body, you hurt one you hurt us all.\" It ended, \"Stop killing our innocent people and we will stop.\"This month, lawyers for Dzhokhar Tsarnaev argued the statements he made after his arrest should be thrown out because he was questioned for 36 hours in a hospital room while suffering from gunshot wounds and without being told his rights", "Prosecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs\nThey said the questioning continued \"despite the fact that he quickly allayed concerns about any continuing threat to public safety, repeatedly asked for a lawyer, and begged to rest.\" They said his treatment included painkillers that impaired his judgment.Prosecutors, though, said that before agents questioned Tsarnaev a nurse told them he had no brain injuries and his medication would not \"inhibit his mental faculties.\" They denied Tsarnaev was coerced or mistreated, saying they waited for his condition to improve before interrogating him and gave him rest breaks", "Prosecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs\nThey said they don't need Tsarnaev's statements to present their case against him but reserve the right to use them to rebut any inconsistent testimony.In separate filings Wednesday, prosecutors also rejected defense motions that the federal death penalty should be declared unconstitutional and that some aggravating factors they have cited in seeking the death penalty should be thrown out.They said \"betrayal of the United States\" by Tsarnaev as a U.S", "Prosecutors: Boston Marathon suspects used 'relatively sophisticated' bombs\ncitizen is a permissible factor but they would modify it to delete a reference to his status as a naturalized citizen. They said they propose to note instead that he violated the oath of allegiance he took in becoming a citizen."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://silverwhistle.co.uk/knightlife/morgen.html

Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?

["Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nAsti Casale Grazzano Lucedio Moncalvo\nWalter Scott Victor Hugo Maurice Hewlett Zofia Kossak-Szczucka Zo\u00e9 Oldenbourg Ronald Welch Manuel Mujica-La\u00ednez Luigi Gabotto Graham Shelby Susan Peek Judith Tarr 15C England & Scotland 'Historical Romances'\nIntroduction The Crusades (1935) Saladin (1963) - IMDb The Talisman (1980-81) - IMDb The Dark Side of the Sun (1983) Kingdom of Heaven (2005) Notre Dame de Paris adaptations\nThe Crusades The Crusades - IMDb\nDark Side Dark Side - IMDb", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nKingdom of Heaven Kingdom of Heaven - IMDb\nThe Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) - IMDb The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939) - IMDb Notre Dame de Paris (1956) - IMDb The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1976) - IMDb The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) - IMDb\nWho Needs Lancelot? The Trouble with Medrawd Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment Chickens of the Round Table\nSurvivors Problem Page: Clerical Errors\nMorgen:\nA Suitable Case for Treatment?", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\n- Do YOU believe in F\u00e6ries? That may seem an odd question (well, depends who your friends are!). If not, then suspend disbelief for the duration of this article. Morgen is a classic case of literary split personality.", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nIn the usual versions of the Arthurian legend, she is Arthur's half-sister, a witch who schemes to destroy him. In some modern versions, including Marion Zimmer Bradley's deeply Californian The Mists of Avalon and the film Excalibur, she is Mordred's mother. And yet - traditionally, she is supposed to be the leader of the Queens who come to take Arthur away by boat. A trifle inconsistent? Well, yes, it would be - if she were a human being... But she isn't.", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nThe name Malory gives her says it all: Morgan le Fay - i.e., the F\u00e6rie (Malory always has trouble with the gender of the French definite article!). F\u00e6ries are notoriously capricious beings, benign and malevolent at will. So how did Arthur get a f\u00e6rie as his half-sister?", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nMorgen was not originally related to Arthur at all; this is a later development, found in the French romances, which diluted her powers to those of a human enchantress. She first appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Life of Merlin as the chief of 9 sisters on the Island of Avalon, whither the wounded Arthur is brought for healing. Layamon, a 12 C. priest writing in English, calls her \"the fairest of elves\". It's Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes who makes her Arthur's sister.", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nMorgen's name (morigena = sea-born) and island home link her with the Breton sea-f\u00e6ries - morgans, or mari-morgans, and she has other links with water. The healing shrine of 9 sisters and the name of Avalon - originally Afallach - point in another direction, as the 14 C. author of Gawaine and the Green Knight realised as he called her \"goddess\".", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nIn Kildare, and probably in other places, there was a healing shrine kept by 9 sisters. Its goddess was known by an epithet, 'The High/Exalted One' - Brigid, known in mainland Britain as 'Brigantia', patron of the NE tribe, the Brigantes, of healing, inspiration and smithcraft. The happy concidence of her title with the name of a Dark Age abbess allowed her cult to be hijacked by Christians. She is still associated with healing springs and wells, as in St. Bride's Well in St. Andrews.", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\n'Afallach' is another clue. Y Troiedd refer to 'Modron ferch Afallach' - The Great Mother, daughter of Afallach - as, in some sense, wife of Urien of Rheged. A folk-tale tells how Urien met Modron, daughter of the King of the Otherworld, as Washer at the Ford, and bedded her, having two children by her. In later medi\u00e6val tradition, 'King Uriens' is husband of Morgan le Fay", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nIs Morgen to be identified, then, with Modron, the Great Mother of the Rivers - the same Matrona depicted in triple form in Romano-Gallic sculptures, who gave her name to the Marne", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\n? - It seems likely. They share a father, Afallach, whose island is clearly an Otherworld for fallen heroes. If she were tutelary Goddess of Rheged, she could be symbolically wedded to its King, and be 'mother' to his children. In The Dream of Rhonabwy, Owain mab Urien, her human 'son', is associated with ravens - symbols of the Mother in her aspect as war-goddess (in Irish, the Morrigan, or 'Great Queen').", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nModron's divine son leads us to another aspect of her identity. The Great Mother's child is the Great Son, Mabon, the 'Apollo Maponus' of the Roman Occupation. In Brythonic tradition, Mabon is remembered as a prisoner, taken from his mother when three nights old. In Culhwch and Olwen, he is rescued by Kei and Bedwyr after they consult the Oldest Animals,and assists them in hunting the magical boar Trwyth", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nMabon appears as Mabuz, a prisoner in an enchanted castle, in Ulrich von Zatzikhoven's Lanzelet (Swiss, 1190s, probably based on Norman material from Breton sources). Mabuz is the son of the f\u00e6rie who brought up Lancelot (Ulrich gives what may be Lancelot's original story - that of a boy raised by f\u00e6ries, who has to rescue his faerie foster-mother - no romance with Guenevere). This is the lady later known as the Lady of the Lake and also credited with healing Arthur...", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nThe Lady of the Lake and Morgen were one and the same. They developed separate identities as Morgen became increasingly identified as Arthur's human sister and acquired hostile characteristics at the hands of the French romancers. In the same way, the Lady of the Lake (sometimes called Nimue) was split up by Tennyson, because of the ambivalence of her behaviour. He made the aspect of her which destroyed Merlin into the separate, cynical human Vivien", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nBut f\u00e6ries in Celtic tradition are ambiguous creatures, outside human systems of morality. And the Lady is more than a f\u00e6rie, anyway.", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nI have referred to her by her epithets - 'the Exalted', 'the Sea-Born', 'the Great Mother': perhaps there is a diluted trace of her in the Catholic hymn Ave Maris Stella - 'Hail, Star of the Sea' - and some folk-memories in the Virgins of the Springs at places like Knock and Lourdes. She is the Matriarch of the Gods", "Morgen: A Suitable Case for Treatment?\nThe Celts gave her personal name as D\u00f4n or Danu, which takes us back along all the rivers of our Indo-European language-family's migrations: the Dons of Aberdeenshire, Yorkshire and Russia, the Danube, the Dneiper, the Dneister and many others, and also into India. For Danu is, in Vedic Hinduism, the Goddess of the Primordial Waters. She unites us, East and West: the force from whom all life flows, and to whom it returns."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp692-697

Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe

["Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKirkby-Hall - Kirkby-Wharfe\nKirkby-Hall\nKirkby-in-Ashfield (St. Wilfrid)\nKirkby-in-Cleveland, or Kirkby-cum-Broughton (St. Augustine)\nKirkby-in-Malham-Dale (St. James)\nKirkby-Ireleth (St. Cuthbert)\nKirkby-Laythorpe (St. Denis)\nKirkby-Lonsdale (St. Mary)\nKirkby-Mallory (All Saints)\nKirkby-Malzeard (St. Andrew)\nKirkby-Misperton (St. Lawrence)\nKirkby-Moorside (All Saints)\nKirkby-Overblow (All Saints)\nKirkby-Ravensworth (St. Peter and St. Felix)\nKirkby, South (All Saints)\nKirkby-Stephen (St. Stephen)", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKirkby Thure or Thore (St. Michael)\nKirkby-Underdale (All Saints)\nKirkby-Underwood (St. Mary and All Saints)\nKirkby-Upon-Bain (St. Mary)\nKirkby-Wharfe (St. John the Baptist)\nKIRKBY-HALL, a township, in the parish of Little Ouseburn, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 5 miles (S. E.) from Boroughbridge, and 13 (N. W.) from York; containing 54 inhabitants. The township comprises by computation more than 400 acres: the Hall is a handsome mansion, situated in a well-wooded park.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-IN-ASHFIELD (St. Wilfrid), a parish, in the union of Basford, N. division of the wapentake of Broxstow and of the county of Nottingham, 5\u00bc miles (S. W.) from Mansfield; containing 2143 inhabitants. This parish, which extends along the border of the county of Derby, comprises by computation 5690 acres, of which two-thirds are arable, and the remainder pasture", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe soil of the western portion is a light mould, resting on limestone, and of the eastern or forest portion, sandy; the surface is hilly, and the scenery agreeably diversified. In the northern part are five coal-mines in operation, and some quarries of excellent limestone, for the conveyance of which, and of the produce of the mines, facilities are afforded by the Mansfield railway to Pinxton, in the county of Derby, which passes through the parish", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe small rivers Leen, Maun, and Erewash have their sources here, and afford an abundant supply of water. The village is large, and chiefly inhabited by persons engaged in frame-work knitting and the making of bobbin-net, which afford employment to about 500 persons. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at \u00a318. 1. 8.; gross income, \u00a3730; patron, the Duke of Portland. The tithes were commuted for land under acts of inclosure in 1795 and 1804", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe church is an ancient structure, in the earlier and later Norman styles, with a lofty tower; the nave is separated from the aisles on one side by a range of circular, and on the other by a series of pointed, arches. The hamlet of Kirkby-Woodhouse contains a chapel. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nA school, erected by subscription in 1826, is maintained by the Duke of Portland, the rector, and the parish; another is supported by the Butterley Company, the duke, and rector; and a third by the duke and rector only.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-IN-CLEVELAND, or Kirkby-cumBroughton (St. Augustine), a parish, in the union of Stokesley, W. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York; containing, with the townships of Great and Little Broughton, 712 inhabitants, of whom 201 are in the township of Kirkby, 2 miles (S. E. by S.) from Stokesley", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe Balliols were anciently proprietors here, as were also the families of Kirkby and Eure; and much of the land appears to have been granted at an early period to religious houses, including those of Guisborough and Rivaulx. In the hamlet of Dromanby, in the parish, the monks of Fountains had some possessions by grants of different benefactors; and among other landowners have been the families of Stormey and Constable", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe township of Kirkby and hamlet of Dromanby comprise 1680 acres, chiefly arable land, with some meadow and pasture; and the soil throughout the whole parish is a strong clay. The village, which is small, is at the foot of a range of the Cleveland hills. At Broughton, a part of the population is engaged in hand-loom weaving. The living comprises a discharged vicarage, and a sinecure rectory, the former valued in the king's books at \u00a35. 6. 3., and the latter at \u00a321. 8", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\n6\u00bd.; the Archbishop of York appoints to the rectory, and the Rector to the vicarage. The tithes of the former have been commuted for above \u00a3600, and of the latter for \u00a3155. The church, which has a square tower, was erected in 1815, upon the site of a smaller cruciform structure, which belonged to the monastery of Whitby and at the Dissolution came to the king, by whom it was granted to the archbishop, in exchange for other possessions", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-IN-MALHAM-DALE (St. James), a parish, in the union of Settle, wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 5\u00bd miles (E. S. E.) from Settle; containing, with the townships of Airton, Calton, Hanlith, Malham, Malham-Moor, Otterburn, and Scosthorpe, 947 inhabitants, of whom 195 are in the township of Kirkby", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe parish comprises by computation 22,130 acres, whereof 1590 are in this township; the land, for the greater part, is laid out for grazing, producing herbage of very fine quality, and a considerable portion is high moor. The village is situated in a deep valley, sheltered by the indigenous ash, and watered by the river Aire. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books at \u00a36. 13. 4.; net income, \u00a389; patron, the Duke of Devonshire", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe church is a large and handsome building, of the style that prevailed in the reign of Henry VII., and is the burial-place of the Lambert family, of whom General Lambert was distinguished, on the side of Cromwell, in the civil war: in the parish register is the signature of Cromwell, as having witnessed a marriage; and one of the bells was presented by Lambert. The free grammar school was founded in 1606, by John Topham, who endowed it with some land which, with \u00a310 per annum given by Mr. B", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-IRELETH (St. Cuthbert), a parish, in the union of Ulverston, hundred of Lonsdale north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 4\u00bd miles (N. W. by W.) from Ulverston; containing 3449 inhabitants, and including the chapelries of Broughtonin-Furness, Seathwaite, and Woodland with Heathwaite, the township of Dunnerdale, the districts of Low-Quarter and Middle-Quarter, and the extra-parochial places of Waitham-Hill, Mosshouses, Marshfield, and Herdhouse", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe parish is separated from that of Millom, in the county of Cumberland, by the river Duddon, which falls into the Irish Sea; it comprises, exclusively of waste and common, about 1000 acres of inclosed and cultivated land, with a tolerable portion of wood. The soil is of a clayey nature, alternated with tracts of lighter quality, and there are some good meadows; quarries are wrought of dark blue slate, which is conveyed to distant places", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nRailway communication has been opened up, to Whitehaven on the one side, and to Ramsyde, on Morecambe bay, on the other. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at \u00a35. 6. 8.; net income, \u00a3125; patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter of York. The church contains several ancient monuments, and the windows exhibit some beautiful specimens of stained glass. There are chapels at Broughton-in-Furness, Woodland, and Seathwaite.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-LAYTHORPE (St. Denis), a parish, in the union of Sleaford, wapentake of Aswardhurn, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 2 miles (E. by N.) from Sleaford; containing 213 inhabitants. The parish comprises 2400 acres of land of mixed cultivation: the village is seated on the north side of the road leading from Sleaford to Boston. The living is a rectory in medieties (to which the vicarage of Asgarby was united in 1737), valued jointly in the king's books at \u00a39. 12", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\n6.; net income, \u00a3287; patron, the Marquess of Bristol: the impropriation of Asgarby belongs to Sleaford almshouses. The church was principally built in the fifteenth century, and has a low embattled tower, and a Norman door with some portions in the early, and others in the later, English style. There once existed another church, dedicated to St. Peter, the place having formed two parishes until 1593.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-LONSDALE (St. Mary), a market-town and parish, in the union of Kendal, Lonsdale ward, county of Westmorland; comprising the chapelries of Barbon, Casterton, Firbank, Hutton-Roof, Killington, Mansergh, and Middleton, and the townships of Kirkby-Lonsdale and Lupton; and containing 4178 inhabitants, of whom 1629 are in the township of Kirkby-Lonsdale, 30 miles (S. by W.) from Appleby, and 252 (N. W. by W.) from London, on the great road from Kendal to Leeds", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe name of this place is derived from its having been the chief town of the district which had a church, and the adjunct Lonsdale from its situation in a dale, or valley, on the western bank of the river Lon or Lune. The town is one of the largest in the county, and consists of several handsome streets, which are lighted, but not paved; the three principal ones meeting nearly in the centre, where is the market-place", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe houses are well built of white hewn stone, and roofed with blue slate, and many of them have fine gardens attached; the inhabitants are supplied with water from a spring at Totley wood, one mile distant, by means of pipes, under the direction of a joint-stock company. A book society, supported by subscription, was founded in 1794", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe manufacture of knit stockings, for which the place was famous, has declined; and the weaving of carpets, blankets, coarse linen, calico, and gingham, is now carried on, to a small extent. Approaching the town from Lancaster, the river Lune is crossed by a lofty stone bridge of great antiquity. The market is on Thursday; and fairs are held on Holy-Thursday and October 5th for horned-cattle and horses, and on St. Thomas' day for woollen-cloth", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe market-place, formed in 1822, is a spacious quadrangle: in the fish-market is an ancient market-cross. A court-leet and view of frank-pledge for the manor are held in October; and petty-sessions for Lonsdale ward every Thursday. The powers of the county debt-court of Kirkby-Lonsdale, established in 1847, extend over the registration-district of Sedbergh, and part of the districts of Kendal, Settle, and Lancaster.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at \u00a320. 15. 2.; net income, \u00a3250; patrons and impropriators, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe church is a noble structure of great antiquity, with a square tower which was rebuilt in 1705; the interior is divided into four great aisles, by three rows of pillars, which support the roof: the arched doorway under the tower is evidently of Norman architecture; the east window, with light detached pillars, is in the early English style. Each of the chapelries forms a separate incumbency, and there was formerly a chapel at Tarn-side", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe Independents, Wesleyans, and Glassites, or Sandemanians, have places of worship. The free grammar school was founded in 1591, by letters-patent of Queen Elizabeth, and endowed by Mr. Godshalfe and others; the endowment has been augmented, and produces about \u00a350 per annum. There are four exhibitions, of \u00a35 per annum each, to Queen's College, Oxford, founded by Henry Wilson in 1638; three, of about \u00a320 each, to Christ's College, Cambridge, on the foundation of the Rev", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThomas Wilson, in 1626; and three at the same college, founded by Dr. Thomas Otway, Bishop of Ossory, who died in 1692. At Sellet Bank, about a mile and a half from the town, is a chalybeate spring; and according to tradition, an artificial mound in the neighbourhood, called Cock-Pit Hill, is the tumulus of one of the British kings. Lonsdale gives the title of Earl to the family of Lowther.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-MALLORY (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester, 4\u00bd miles (N. N. E.) from Hinckley; containing, with the chapelry of Earl-Shilton, 2479 inhabitants, of whom 259 are in the township of Kirkby-Mallory", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThis place derived its name from the family of Malory, its ancient lords, the first of whom noticed in history was Geoffrey, father of Sir Ankitell Malory, Knt., governor of Leicester Castle under Robert Blanchmains, Earl of Leicester, in the reign of Henry II", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nDuring the earl's rebellion against that sovereign, Sir Ankitell marched a body of troops to Northampton, and having defeated the citizens, returned to Leicester laden with plunder; his lands in consequence became forfeited, and were seized for the king, in 1174, but were restored to his son on payment of a fine of 60 marks, in the first year of the reign of John. In the reign of Edward III", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nthe manor was sold to the monks of Leicester, in whose possession it continued till the Dissolution, when, together with the advowson of the living, it was granted by Henry VIII. to Thomas Harvey, from whom it passed to the family of Noel. At the residence of the Noels, called Kirkby Hall, and now one of the seats of the Earl of Chesterfield, Baxter, the nonconformist divine, composed his celebrated work entitled The Saints' Rest, while living under their protection during the rebellion", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe parish is in a fertile district, and the surrounding scenery is enriched with timber of stately growth. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at \u00a315, and in the patronage of Lady Byron, with a net income of \u00a3504: the tithes were commuted for land in 1771. The church is an ancient structure, with an embattled tower surmounted by a light cupola, and contains various interesting monuments. The parsonage-house is beautifully situated, commanding one of the finest views in the county", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-MALZEARD (St. Andrew), a markettown and parish, in the Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York; comprising the townships of Azerley, Fountains-Earth, Grewelthorpe, Kirkby-Malzeard, Laverton, Stonebeck-Down, and Upper Stonebeck, and the chapelry of Hartwith with Winsley; and containing 5180 inhabitants, of whom 900 are in the town, 6 miles (W. N. W.) from Ripon", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThis place was the property of the Mowbray family, afterwards dukes of Norfolk, whose castle here was demolished in the reign of Henry II., and one of whom, John de Mowbray, obtained for the inhabitants in the reign of Edward I. a charter for a weekly market and two annual fairs, which, after having been discontinued for several centuries, were revived in 1816. The market is on Wednesday, and the fairs are on Whit-Monday and October 2nd", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe parish comprises by computation 53,000 acres, of which 3421 are in the township of Kirkby-Malzeard; of the latter, 862 are common or waste. The surface is beautifully diversified with hills and dales, and the scenery abounds with interesting features; the soil in the valleys is fertile, and in good cultivation, but a considerable portion of the parish is high moor, affording only tolerable pasture", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe living is a vicarage, with that of Masham united; net income, as returned in 1831, \u00a3384; patrons and impropriators, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The great tithes of the township of Kirkby-Malzeard have been commuted for \u00a3180, and the small for \u00a355. The church has been repewed, and 350 additional sittings provided. There are separate incumbencies at Dallowgill in Laverton, Grewelthorpe, Hartwith, Mickley in Azerley, Middlesmoor, and Ramsgill in Stonebeck-Down.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-MISPERTON (St. Lawrence), a parish, partly in the union of Malton, and partly in that of Pickering, lythe of Pickering, N. riding of York; containing, with the townships of Barugh-Ambo, Great and Little Habton, and Ryton, 905 inhabitants, of whom 169 are in the township of Kirkby-Misperton, 8 miles (N.) from Malton. The parish is bounded on the south by the river Rye; the soil is in general a strong clay, but sandy in the northern part, and the scenery in many situations is picturesque", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe village is on an eminence, and nearly at the junction of Ryedale with the vale of the Derwent. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at \u00a325. 1. 10\u00bd.; net income, \u00a3960; patron, Lord Feversham. The church is an ancient edifice, with a square tower. There is a chapel of ease at Ryton, and at Great Habton and Barugh are places of worship for Wesleyans.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-MOORSIDE (All Saints), a markettown and parish, in the union of Helmsley, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of York; containing, with the townships of Fadmoor, Farndale West-side, and Farndale Low-Quarter, and the chapelry of Gillimoor, 2482 inhabitants, of whom 1905 are in the township of Kirkby-Moorside, 29 miles (N. by E.) from York, and 224 (N. by W.) from London. A Cistercian nunnery stood about a mile from the town; it was founded in the reign of Henry I", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nby Robert de Stuteville, and, on its Dissolution, had an income of \u00a329. 6. 1. a year, and was granted to the Earl of Westmorland. In the year 1813, when its foundations were cleared away, several stone coffins were found. The manor was forfeited by the earl upon his attainder, in the reign of Elizabeth, and remained with the crown till it was bestowed by James I. upon his favourite, the Duke of Buckingham, whose son, after a life of dissipation, died here in comparative poverty", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe estate was afterwards sold to Sir Charles Duncombe, ancestor of the present owner. The town is irregularly built on a rather elevated site, bounded on two sides by hills; and the scenery around is picturesque, embracing the vales of Kirkdale, Sleightholmedale, and Dowthwaite, and the eastern moors of Yorkshire, which border on the valleys. In the vicinity are several cornmills; a considerable quantity of malt is made; and near the town are limestone and freestone quarries, and coal-mines", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe market is on Wednesday; and fairs are held on the Wednesday in Whitsun-week and Sept. 18th, for cattle, sheep, &c. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at \u00a314. 0. 10., and in the patronage of the Crown; net income, \u00a3417; impropriator, Lord Feversham: the glebe comprises 62\u00bd acres, besides 30\u00bd acres of moor allotment", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe church is a neat edifice, and contains some ancient portions, with later insertions; it has some interesting memorials, among which is a curious marble monument with carved figures of Lady Brooke and her six sons and five daughters, all in a kneeling posture. There are chapels of ease at Cockan and Gillimoor; and the Society of Friends, Independents, Wesleyans, and Ranters, have places of worship", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nSome remains exist of the walls of the manor-house anciently belonging to the Neville family; and about three miles northward is a cairn, opened by Professor Phillips within the last few years, and left by him in a state to be examined by the curious. At a further distance of three miles in the same direction are three tumuli.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-OVERBLOW (All Saints), a parish, in the Upper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York; containing, with the chapelry of Stainburn, and the townships of Kearby with Netherby, Rigton, and Sicklinghall, 1623 inhabitants, of whom 381 are in the township of Kirkby-Overblow, 6 miles (W.) from Wetherby. The parish is bounded on the south by the river Wharfe, and comprises 8038a. 2r", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\n11p., of which 2555 acres are arable, 4700 meadow and pasture, and 146 woodland: in Kirkby-Overblow township are 2296 acres. The surface is elevated, and the higher grounds command some beautiful views over the fertile Wharfdale; the lands are in high cultivation. There are quarries of good building-stone, which is also used for the roads. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at \u00a320. 1. 0\u00bd.; net income, \u00a3944; patron, Col. Wyndham", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe tithes of Kirkby-Overblow and Kearby with Netherby have been commuted for \u00a3472, and the glebe consists of 72 acres. The church, which is a spacious and venerable structure, was made collegiate, prior to the year 1364, for a provost and four chaplains. At Stainburn is a chapel. There are four places of worship for Wesleyans in the parish, and four schools; one of the schools, built in 1782, is endowed with 11 acres of land.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-RAVENSWORTH (St. Peter and St. Felix), a parish, in the union of Richmond, wapentake of Gilling-West, N. riding of York, 4\u00be miles (N. N. W.) from Richmond; containing, with the townships of Ravensworth, Washton, Dalton, Gayles, New-Forest, and part of Newsham, 1451 inhabitants, of whom 109 are in the township of Kirkby-Ravensworth, or Kirkby-on-the-Hill. This parish comprises about 14,000 acres, of which a considerable number are moor, and the remainder arable, meadow, and pasture", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nIts surface is varied with hill and dale, and is in some parts well wooded; the soil is generally fertile. There are quarries of good freestone, two of which are extensively wrought; a copper-mine, also, discovered many years since, was wrought for a short time, but, not yielding a remunerating supply, was discontinued. The village, which is small but neatly built, is pleasantly situated on an eminence, commanding some fine views", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe living is a perpetual curacy; net income, \u00a3120; patron, the Bishop of Chester, as appropriator of the rectory, which is valued in the king's books at \u00a325. 5. 2\u00bd. The church is a handsome edifice with a lofty embattled tower, erected in 1397, on the site of a more ancient church. The Grammar school and Hospital of St. John the Baptist were founded in 1556, by Dr", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nDakyn, rector of the parish, who endowed them with lands at East Cowton, now producing \u00a31100 per annum, for the instruction of boys, and the support of the aged and indigent. There are some remains of a castle founded by Bodin, ancestor of the Fitz-Hugh family.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY, SOUTH (All Saints), a parish, in the Upper division of the wapentake of Osgoldcross, W. riding of York; containing, with the chapelry of Skelbrooke, and the townships of North and South Elmsall, and Hamphall-Stubbs, 1528 inhabitants, of whom 602 are in the township of South Kirkby, 8\u00bd miles (S.) from Pontefract. The parish comprises by measurement 5600 acres, of which about 100 are woodland and plantations; of the remainder, rather more than two-thirds are arable, and nearly one-third pasture", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nLimestone forms the principal substratum of the eastern part of the parish, perhaps of one-half of the whole; and the substratum of the remainder is clay and sandstone. A good quarry of sandstone usually employs about 15 hands, and large quantities of ridge stones are sent westward for the manufactories. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at \u00a315. 10. 2\u00bd.; net income, \u00a3244; patron and incumbent, the Rev. G. Allott: the tithes were commuted for land and a cornrent in 1807", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-STEPHEN (St. Stephen), a market-town and parish, in East ward and union, county of Westmorland; comprising the townships of Hartley, Kaber, Kirkby-Stephen, Nateby, Smardale, Waitby, Wharton, and Winton, and the chapelries of Mallerstang and Soulby; and containing 2850 inhabitants, of whom 1345 are in the township of Kirkby-Stephen, 4 miles (S. S. W.) from Brough, 11 (S. E. by S.) from Appleby, and 265 (N. N. W.) from London", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThis town, which derives the adjunct to its name from the saint to whom its church is dedicated, is pleasantly situated in a fertile plain, on the western bank of the river Eden, opposite the hills that separate this county from Yorkshire. It consists of one good street; the houses are well built, and the town is abundantly supplied with water", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe inhabitants are partly employed in the woollen manufacture, and in knitting stockings; great quantities of stockings were formerly exposed for sale at the market, but the trade in this article is on the decline. There is a manufactory for spinning and carding wool. The market is on Monday, for corn, flour, oatmeal, and provisions. Fairs are held on the Monday before Shrove-Tuesday, and the Monday before March 20th, April 25th, and Oct", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\n2nd, for horned-cattle, horses, woollen-cloth, blankets, cotton goods, &c.; on Sept. 27th, chiefly for horses; and on October 29th, for cattle and sheep. There are fairs for hiring servants on the last Monday in June and the first Monday in July. On the north side of the market-place, which is spacious and convenient, is a market-house, erected in 1810, in pursuance of the will of Mr. John Waller. The county magistrates hold petty-sessions here once a month, and special sessions as often as required.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe parish comprises by computation 31,870 acres of land, of which the soil is in some parts fertile; the substratum is rich in mineral produce, and mines of copper, lead, and coal are in operation, but the coal-mines are not very productive. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books at \u00a348. 19. 2.; net income, \u00a3356; patron, H. King, Esq.; impropriators, the Earl of Lonsdale, Sir George Musgrave, Bart., and others", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe church is an ancient and spacious building, with a lofty tower, and contains sepulchral chapels belonging to Smardale Hall, Wharton Hall, and Hartley Castle", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nIn the second of these is a fine alabaster monument with the effigies of Thomas, Lord Wharton, and his first and second wives; and in the last is a monumental figure of a man in armour, supposed to have been erected to the memory of Sir Andrew Harcla, Earl of Carlisle, and governor of Hartley Castle, who was beheaded for treason in the reign of Edward II. There are chapels at Soulby and Mallerstang; and places of worship in the parish for Independents and Wesleyans", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe free grammar school, held in an ancient edifice formerly the rectoryhouse, was founded in the 8th of Elizabeth, by Thomas, Lord Wharton, and endowed with property producing \u00a340 per annum.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY THURE or THORE (St. Michael), a parish, in East ward and union, county of Westmorland; containing, with the chapelries of Milbourne and Temple-Sowerby, 1171 inhabitants, of whom 442 are in the township of Kirkby-Thure, 5\u00bc miles (N. W. by N.) from Appleby. This place received its adjunct designation from Thor, the chief of the Saxon idols, to whose honour a temple was raised here", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nIn 1684, an ancient well, some urns, and other earthen vessels, were discovered in the parish; and on turning up the site of an ancient fortress called Whelp Castle for cultivation, in 1687, a quadruple wall, some arched vaults, leaden pipes, and an altar inscribed Fortun\u00e6 Servatrici, were discovered, the supposed remains of the Roman station Brovonac\u0153, fixed by Horsley at this place", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nIn 1770, the horns of a moose deer were dug up near the confluence of the rivers; and in removing the foundations of the old bridge, in 1838, a great number of additional Roman relics were found. An old house in the parish, called the Spital, is said to have belonged to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. The parish comprises by measurement 2425 acres; two-thirds are arable, and with the exception of about 50 acres of wood, the remainder is pasture", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe soil near the river is a sandy loam, and on the higher lands gravel, alternated with clay; the surface is pleasingly undulated, and the lower grounds are intersected by the rivers Eden and Troutbeck, which unite at the village. The village, which is of considerable extent, was partly built with the ruins of Whelp Castle, which occupied an adjacent eminence. In 1838, a bridge was erected across the Troutbeck, at a cost of \u00a31000: along this, passes the road from Appleby to Penrith", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at \u00a337. 17. 11.; net income, \u00a3750; patron, the Earl of Thanet: the tithes were commuted for land in 1812. The church is an ancient structure. There are chapels at Temple-Sowerby and Milbourne; also a place of worship for Wesleyans, and a school with a trifling endowment. Near the village is a sulphureous spring, called Pots Well, which rises from an alabaster rock, considerably below the surface of the ground.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-UNDERDALE (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Pocklington, wapentake of Buckrose, E. riding of York, 6\u00bd miles (N.) from Pocklington; containing 324 inhabitants. It is on the road from Bridlington to York, and comprises by computation 5049 acres, of which 3549 are arable, 1260 pasture, and 240 woodland. The surface is diversified by hill and dale; the soil is a loam, with flint in the higher grounds, and clay in the valleys", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nOne of the highest hills is about 800 feet above the level of the sea, and descends gradually to the plain of York; another hill is of the oolite formation, being the only one of the kind for many miles distant. The village stands near a rapid declivity of the Wolds, and the scenery around is varied and pleasing. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at \u00a36. 3. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown: the tithes have been commuted for \u00a3840. 10., and the glebe comprises 91 acres", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe church is an ancient edifice in the Norman style, with a square tower, and very picturesquely situated; it underwent a thorough repair, at a considerable expense, in 1827. Dr. Thirlwall, Bishop of St. David's, was rector from 1833 to 1840.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-UNDERWOOD (St. Mary and All Saints, a parish, in the union of Bourne, wapentake of Aveland, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Bourne; containing 192 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at \u00a36. 3. 4.; net income, \u00a3170; patron, the Bishop of Lincoln. The tithes were commuted for land in 1803. An almshouse was endowed with a rent-charge of \u00a359. 3. by Richard Brownlow, Esq., in 1638, for six poor men, and a woman to attend on them.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-UPON-BAIN (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, S. division of the wapentake of Gartree, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6 miles (S. S. W.) from Horncastle; containing, with the township of Tumby, 680 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at \u00a313. 13. 6\u00bd., and in the patronage of the Crown; net income, \u00a3653. The tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1796", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThere is a place of worship for Wesleyans; also a school endowed with land now producing \u00a360 per annum, by Richard Brocklesby, in 1713.", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nKIRKBY-WHARFE (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the Upper division of the wapentake of Barkstone-Ash, W. riding of York, 2\u00bc miles (S. E. by S.) from Tadcaster; containing, with the townships of Grimston and Ulleskelf, 744 inhabitants, of whom 81 are in the township of Kirkby-Wharfe with North Milford. This parish, which is situated in the picturesque valley of Wharfdale, comprises by measurement 3192 acres, whereof 1660 are arable, 1427 meadow and pasture, and 105 woodland and plantations", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nOf the whole, about 1240 acres are in Kirkby-Wharfe with North Milford, the property of Lord Howden. The surface is undulated, and the scenery enriched with woods. The soil is extremely fertile, producing fine crops of wheat and other grain, and the meadows and pastures are luxuriant; the substratum is chiefly freestone of good quality for building, and whinstone affording excellent materials for the roads. The village is on the south bank of the Wharfe", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe York and North-Midland railway passes through Ulleskelf, and is carried over the river by a bridge. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at \u00a33. 16. 8.; net income, \u00a3117; patron, the Archbishop of York", "Topographical Dictionary of England - Kirkby-Hall to Kirkby-Wharfe\nThe church is an ancient structure, in the early Norman style, with a tower of later date; it has been repewed, and the number of sittings has been increased by the erection of a gallery, which has by no means improved the appearance of the interior: there are numerous ancient monuments of the date 1300, and some very beautiful specimens of carved oak. At Ulleskelf is a place of worship for Wesleyans."]

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20243, 0.03825137], [20243, 21803, 0.04038462], [21803, 22938, 0.03348018], [22938, 24671, 0.04039238], [24671, 25926, 0.03346614], [25926, 28115, 0.0324349], [28115, 29293, 0.03395586], [29293, 29788, 0.07070707], [29788, 30342, 0.05956679], [30342, 31936, 0.03513174]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 31936, 0.96493155]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 31936, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 31936, 0.83051974]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 31936, 327.15025932]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 31936, 158.7827342]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 31936, 1632.92486378]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 31936, 383.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.tsra.gov.au/opportunities/grant-funding

TSRA Grant Funding | TSRA

["TSRA Grant Funding | TSRA\nGrant funding is available for Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal incorporated organisations or individuals from the Torres Strait region, including the Northern Peninsula Area communities of Bamaga and Seisia.\nThe TSRA holds two Common Funding Rounds (CFR) each year.\nThe first round opens for applications in early March and provides funding for projects to be undertaken from 1 July that year to 30 June the following year.", "TSRA Grant Funding | TSRA\nThe second round that opens for applications in early September and funds projects to be undertaken from 1 January to 30 June the following year.\nThe TSRA is now accepting applications to the Common Funding Round 2019-2 for projects to be undertaken between 1 January 2020 and 30 June 2020.\nYour application must be received by 4pm (QLD Time) - Tuesday, 8 October 2019.\nPlease note that late applications cannot be accepted.", "TSRA Grant Funding | TSRA\nFollow the links below for further information for each programme, including funding guide.\nPrescribed Bodies Corporate (PBCs) Capacity Building Initiatives"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.boisestatepublicradio.org/2021-10-05/as-he-steps-down-as-the-head-of-nih-he-has-a-warning-about-future-pandemics

NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics

["NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nAs he steps down as the head of NIH, he has a warning about future pandemics\nBy Nell Greenfieldboyce,\nNational Institutes of Health Director Francis Collins is stepping down by the end of the year.\nFrancis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, the largest funder of basic and clinical biomedical research in the world, says he will step down by the end of the year.", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nCollins, who has served three U.S. presidents as head of the institute for more than 12 years, made the announcement on Tuesday. An interim director has not been named. President Biden will nominate a permanent replacement, who must be confirmed by the Senate.", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\n\"It has been an incredible privilege to lead this great agency for more than a decade,\" he said in a statement. \"I love this agency and its people so deeply that the decision to step down was a difficult one, done in close counsel with my wife, Diane Baker, and my family. I am proud of all we've accomplished.\"", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nHe said he believes that \"no single person should serve in the position too long, and that it's time to bring in a new scientist to lead the NIH into the future.\" He praised the NIH staff and the scientific community for its \"lifesaving research.\"", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nCollins told NPR on Tuesday that he's seen science triumph in recent years, \"and yet we find ourselves here today, particularly with COVID-19, where our culture wars have taken on an attitude about scientific facts that is not just inconvenient, it's actually resulting in people dying. And that I didn't see coming.\"\nHe said the current pandemic is not likely to be the last one and scientists have to focus on applying the lessons learned now to preparing for future outbreaks.", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nCollins, a researcher-physician who speaks openly about his Christian faith, plus his love of motorcycles and playing the guitar, is a scientific superstar who has served longer than any other NIH director since the position became a presidentially appointed one in 1971.\nHe was picked by Obama to head NIH in 2009", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nPresident Barack Obama chose Collins to lead the NIH in 2009, and his appointment was unanimously confirmed by the Senate. Collins is \"beloved on Capitol Hill,\" says Jennifer Zeitzer, head of public affairs at the Federation of American Societies For Experimental Biology.\nHe is \"able to clearly explain what NIH is doing\" to lawmakers, which has helped to safeguard and expand the institutes' approximately $40 billion budget, Zeitzer says. \"I give Collins a ton of credit for helping to make that happen.\"", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nWhen President Donald Trump took office, several top Republicans in Congress urged that Collins be kept on. Biden also asked him to stay on.\nIn an interview with The Washington Post on Monday, Collins said he made the decision in May to step down after concluding that the NIH was \"a pretty stable place,\" despite the coronavirus pandemic.\n\"There comes a time where an institution like NIH really benefits from new vision, new leadership,\" he told the Post. \"This was the right timing.\"", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nHe is described as apolitical and spiritual\nOver the course of his long career, Collins has really been \"apolitical,\" Victor DiRita, the chairman of the Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics at Michigan State University, told NPR last year.", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\n\"He's been a strong leader. He's gotten the resources needed to make the NIH the envy of the world to lead in certain scientific areas, without question,\" DiRita said. \"He also is a very spiritual person. He's not afraid or shy about showing all the aspects of his of his humanness. I think that's really valuable. And it's a special thing about Francis Collins.\"", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nCollins supported Anthony Fauci, one of his NIH center directors and the nation's top infectious disease expert, when he was attacked by then-President Trump, and dismissed calls for Fauci's ouster or demotion, saying the idea was \"unthinkable.\"\nBefore leading government research agencies, Collins started his career as a geneticist who used cutting-edge molecular biology techniques to help identify key genes involved in diseases like cystic fibrosis.\nHe headed the effort to sequence the human genetic code", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nIn 1993, he became director of what was then called the National Center for Human Genome Research, which was in charge of a massive effort to fully sequence humanity's genetic code.\nCollins stood next to President Bill Clinton at the White House in June 2000 to announce that a working draft of the human genome had finally been completed.", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\n\"It is humbling for me and awe-inspiring to realize that we have caught the first glimpse of our own instruction book, previously known only to God,\" Collins said at the time. \"What a profound responsibility it is to do this work.\"\nAfter becoming the head of NIH, Collins troubled some researchers by emphasizing science that's directly related to developing new medical treatments, even creating the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\n\"Dr. Collins made a statement once that kind of raised the hair on the back of the necks of a lot of scientists by saying, you know, this is not the National Institute of Basic Sciences, it's the National Institutes of Health,\" recalled DiRita. \"I think a lot of people were like, 'Whoa, we do basic science, too.' \"", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nHealth and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra said of Collins: \"It takes an extraordinary person to tackle the biggest scientific challenges facing our nation \u2014 and under three presidents, amidst three distinctly different chapters of American history. Dr", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nCollins, master of scientific breakthroughs and scientific reason \u2014 from mapping the human genome to fighting the most devastating pandemic of a century \u2014 has routinely broken ground to save countless lives, while unleashing innovation to benefit humanity for generations to come.\"", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nTuesday's statement said that Collins would continue to lead his research laboratory at the National Human Genome Research Institute, \"which is pursuing genomics, epigenomics and single cell biology to understand the causes and means of prevention for type 2 diabetes. His lab also seeks to develop new genetic therapies for the most dramatic form of premature aging, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome.\"", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nWhile he will still be at work in science, Collins told NPR, \"Maybe I'll ride my Harley a little bit more than I have for the last year.\"\nCorrected: October 4, 2021 at 10:00 PM MDT", "NIH Director Francis Collins steps down, warns of future pandemics\nA headline on a previous version of this story said Francis Collins was the longest-serving head of the National Institutes of Health. He was the longest-serving since the position became a presidentially appointed one in 1971. The previous version also said the interim director appointed by President Biden must be confirmed by the Senate. It is the nominee for the permanent position who is subject to Senate approval.\nNell Greenfieldboyce\nNell Greenfieldboyce is a NPR science correspondent."]

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0.04100946], [5233, 5777, 0.02022059], [5777, 6184, 0.02948403], [6184, 6322, 0.06521739], [6322, 6365, 0.1627907], [6365, 6787, 0.03080569], [6787, 6808, 0.0952381], [6808, 6861, 0.09433962], [6861, 6896, 0.08571429]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 6896, 0.95935869]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 6896, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 6896, 0.9946056]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 6896, 89.98654996]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 6896, 210.79858625]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 6896, 25.62394695]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 6896, 54.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

https://samples.superbessay.com/comparing-between-two-pieces-of-art/

Comparing Greek and Roman Art: A Look at Apollo Belvedere and Aulus Metellus

["Comparing Greek and Roman Art: A Look at Apollo Belvedere and Aulus Metellus\nEach epoch\u2019s art is more than just a product of esthetics and creativity. In terms of history, art can be a source of evidence about society and nation that produced it. Thus, comparing between Greek and Roman pieces of sculpture gives an opportunity to understand the way people lived and thought about the world in each of the countries and periods of time", "Comparing Greek and Roman Art: A Look at Apollo Belvedere and Aulus Metellus\nConsidering Apollo Belvedere and Aulus Metellus, conclusion can be made that Greek art focuses on physical perfection first of all, and takes mythological figures as the object of art. In contrast, Roman art prefers to make statues of historically meaningful people, i.e. emperors, philosophers, public speakers. Its aim is to present a personality in a realistic way, although this personality is usually outstanding.", "Comparing Greek and Roman Art: A Look at Apollo Belvedere and Aulus Metellus\nApollo Belvedere is created by a Roman sculptor approximately in 150 C.E but in fact this is just a copy of a Greek sculpture of the fourth century B.C.E. The sculpture depicts Apollo, a god of Sun and arts, who belonged both to the Greek and Roman pantheon. He is presented like a young archer to reflect the myth about him overcoming the serpent Python. For this reason the viewer can observe him in motion, there is a special posture and tension in his muscles", "Comparing Greek and Roman Art: A Look at Apollo Belvedere and Aulus Metellus\nHe is almost nude, apart from a mantle on his shoulders, so one can see perfection of his body that is a typical approach for Greek sculpture. The traits of his face are ideal and somewhat feminine, his curly hair is marvelous, and even the folders of his mantle is impeccable. Thus, idealism of Greek art and the cult of youth and human body are reflected in this piece of sculpture.", "Comparing Greek and Roman Art: A Look at Apollo Belvedere and Aulus Metellus\nIn contrast to youthful Appolo, Aulus Metellus is a middle-aged man who has signs of time on his face. This reveals the fact that Roman sculpture focuses more on realism of the created image. He has wrinkles on his face that demonstrate his life experience and wisdom. As mentioned above, Romans preferred to choose real people to be the objects for copying. The same is true about Aulus Metellus who was an official appointed by an emperor", "Comparing Greek and Roman Art: A Look at Apollo Belvedere and Aulus Metellus\nHis clothes are realistic as well, he wears Roman toga which is typical clothing of the corresponding epoch. The moment that is caught in the sculpture is probably one of his public speeches because his raised hand gives this idea. The time of this work\u2019s creation is estimated to be approximately the 3rd century B.C.E. His eye pits are shallow because it is known that Romans often used precious stones in making eyes for sculpture, so they might have been lost or stolen.", "Comparing Greek and Roman Art: A Look at Apollo Belvedere and Aulus Metellus\nMajor differences between the two pieces of sculpture\nOne thing in common about them that the artists intended to create an illusion of motion and they managed to do so. Neither of them looks still but they posture and raised hands place them in a story of events. By looking at them, what happened before the moment and after it. For instance, we can imagine how Appolo made a shot with an arrow that has just left his hands.", "Comparing Greek and Roman Art: A Look at Apollo Belvedere and Aulus Metellus\nOverall, it is clear that Roman and Greek culture had different visions about arts and about sculpture in particular. While the Greek artists intended to create an idealized figure with a focus on youth and perfect physical proportions, the aim of the Romans was different. They attempted to make the sculpture as close and accurate in relation to reality as it could possibly be. Unlike the Greeks who chose mythological figures for their art, Romans preferred historical personalities."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.ithaca.edu/news/releases/abc-weatherman-talks-climate-change-and-weather-disasters-22905/

IC News | Ithaca College

["IC News | Ithaca College\nIthaca College \u00bb IC News \u00bb News Releases \u00bb News Releases\nExperts IC in the Media\n\u00ab PreviousNext \u00bb Back to News\nABC Weatherman Talks Climate Change and Weather Disasters at Ithaca College\nDavid Maley, 3/22/2012", "IC News | Ithaca College\nITHACA, NY \u2014 With much of the nation basking in record-breaking spring temperatures, the weather anchor for ABC\u2019s \u201cGood Morning America\u201d will attempt to provide some insight and analysis in a talk at Ithaca College. Sam Champion will present \u201cBeyond the Daily Forecast: Covering Weather Disasters and Climate Change\u201d on Thursday, March 29, at 7:30 p.m. in Emerson Suites, Phillips Hall. His talk is free and open to the public.", "IC News | Ithaca College\nChampion serves as weather editor for ABC News and travels frequently to cover weather-related stories across the country and around the globe. He has reported from the front lines of wildfires in California; hurricanes in Florida, Texas and Louisiana; and winter storm systems in Denver, Chicago and Boston.", "IC News | Ithaca College\nAs part of the morning show\u2019s \u201cNew 7 Wonders of the World\u201d series, Champion broadcast live afloat a raft in the middle of the polar ice caps. In 2009, he anchored his first special for the ABC news program \u201c20/20\u201d \u2014 \u201cBlown Away: Twisted Terror\u201d \u2014 which chronicled the tornado that devastated Parkersburg, Iowa, the previous year.", "IC News | Ithaca College\nChampion is also at the forefront of reporting on the environment and climate change. In 2007, he traveled to Paris for the release of a groundbreaking report on global warming by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. He regularly brings tips and information on how to be environmentally efficient and aware with his \u201cJust One Thing\u201d reports.", "IC News | Ithaca College\nIn addition to covering the weather and the environment, Champion interviews authors, newsmakers and celebrities and hosts the \u201cGood Morning America\u201d summer concert series from Rumsey Playfield in Central Park. Before joining ABC News in September 2006, he spent 18 years at WABC-TV, the network\u2019s flagship station in New York City.", "IC News | Ithaca College\nThe lecture will also serve as the kickoff to a \u201cMedia for Social Responsibility\u201d minicourse in the Roy H. Park School of Communications. Each year the course focuses on a topic of global social consequence, with this year\u2019s issue being climate change and natural disasters. Students will examine case studies of how media have responded to weather disasters, then work in teams to develop a media strategy for dealing with a mock disaster while being mentored by professionals in the field.", "IC News | Ithaca College\nChampion\u2019s presentation is part of the Jessica Savitch Distinguished Journalism Lecture Series in the Park School. The series honors the 1968 Ithaca College graduate who became an Emmy Award\u2013winning NBC News anchor and correspondent. Previous speakers have included Lester Holt, Ann Curry, David Muir \u201995, Andrea Mitchell and Natalie Morales.\nFor more information contact Melissa Gattine, marketing communications manager in the Park School, at (607) 274-1023 or [email protected]."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://zundelsite.org/who-is-ernst.html

Who is Ernst

["Who is Ernst\nWho is Ernst Zundel?\nVideos Of Note\nArticles Of Note\nConstitutional Protection\nWho Is Ingrid Rimland?\nThe Z\u00fcndelsite\nHe is the author of countless booklets, newsletters and essays. He has been a prodigious publisher, a one-man public relations firm, and an able public speaker and organizer. Energetic, tenacious and courageous, he has been dauntless in struggle against apparently insurmountable odds and seemingly invincible adversaries.", "Who is Ernst\nSometimes describing himself as a \"Swabian peasant,\" Zundel is an outgoing, good-humored man who is blessed with a rare combination of unflagging optimism and practical ability. He maintains this infectious spirit even under very trying conditions. He is an unusually alert and sensitive individual with a keen understanding of human nature. He knows how to persuade, cajole and encourage others to give their best for the greater good. He inspires confidence, loyalty and affection.", "Who is Ernst\nErnst Christof Friedrich Z\u00fcndel was born on April 24, 1939, in the Black Forest region of southwestern Germany. He emigrated to Canada at the age of 19, where he soon married and became the father of two sons. His career as a graphic artist was successful, with his work appearing, for example, on the front cover of Canada's national news magazine, Maclean's.", "Who is Ernst\nSetting aside his thriving career, he dedicated himself to the great task, as he saw it, of redeeming the sullied reputation of his fellow Germans. Through his Samisdat publishing house he distributed worldwide a prodigious quantity of books, booklets, leaflets, newsletters, and audio and video cassettes. Simon Wiesenthal, the well-known \"Nazi hunter,\" called Zundel the world's number one distributor of allegedly dangerous literature and cassettes.", "Who is Ernst\nZundel is perhaps best known as the defiant defendant in the much-publicized \"Holocaust Trials\" of 1985 and 1988. He was brought to court in Toronto on a charge of \"publishing false news,\" and specifically for publishing a reprint edition of a booklet entitled Did Six Million Really Die?.", "Who is Ernst\nZundel's two lengthy trials - the 1985 trial lasted two months, and the 1988 trial lasted four months - have been the closest thing anywhere to full scale debates on the Holocaust issue. For the first time ever, \"Holocaust survivors\" and Holocaust historians were closely and critically questioned under oath about their claims and views.", "Who is Ernst\nTo wage the legal battle that was forced upon him, he brought together an impressive international team of revisionist scholars, legal specialists, researchers, and many others. From numerous libraries and archives in North America and Europe, this group assembled at the \"Zundelhaus\" in Toronto one of the most extensive collections of evidence anywhere on this chapter of history.", "Who is Ernst\nAmong those who testified on Zundel's behalf in the trials were Robert Faurisson, David Irving, Mark Weber, William Lindsey, Udo Walendy, and Bradley Smith. As a result of the two trials, an enormous quantity of evidence and testimony challenging the prevailing Holocaust narrative was presented to the court and thereby was made part of the permanent public record", "Who is Ernst\nPerhaps the most important of this evidence was the historic testimony of American gas chamber expert Fred Leuchter about his on-site forensic examination of the alleged extermination gas chambers in Poland.", "Who is Ernst\nZundel was found guilty in the 1985 trial, but the verdict was set aside by the provincial appeals court. It ruled that the judge in that trial had, among other things, given improper instructions to the jury, and had improperly excluded defense evidence. At the conclusion of the second Zundel trial in May 1988, a jury declared him guilty. A few days later, he was sentenced to nine months imprisonment.", "Who is Ernst\nFrench scholar Robert Faurisson wrote at the time: \"Zundel may once again go to prison for his research and beliefs or be threatened with deportation. All this is possible. Anything may happen when there is an intellectual crisis and a realignment of historical concepts of such a dimension. Revisionism is the great intellectual adventure of the end of this century. Whatever happens, Ernst Zundel is already the victor.\"", "Who is Ernst\nOn appeal, Canada's Supreme Court threw out the 1988 conviction, declaring on August 27, 1992, that the archaic \"false news\" law under which Zundel had been tried and convicted was a violation of the country's Charter of Rights. This was not only a personal vindication by Canada's highest court; Ernst Zundel secured an important victory for the rights of all Canadians.", "Who is Ernst\nHis next great legal battle was fought out before the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal in Toronto on charges, instigated by Jewish groups, of promoting \"hatred or contempt\" against Jews through the \"Zundelsite\" website (www.zundelsite.org), operated by Ingrid Rimland from the United States. In this legal action, as the Tribunal's presiding Commissioner declared, the truth or validity of the supposedly \"hateful\" items was not a consideration", "Who is Ernst\n(Ultimately the Tribunal declared the \"Zundelsite\" to be unlawful, but because it is based in the US, the ruling has been unenforceable.)", "Who is Ernst\nDuring the 42 years he lived in Canada (1958-2000), Ernst Zundel was never convicted of a crime. He was, however, repeatedly a victim of violence and hate. He survived three assassination attempts, including by arson and pipe bomb. He also endured years of legal harassment and repeated jailings.", "Who is Ernst\nAn arson attack against Zundel's Toronto residence on May 8, 1995, resulted in $400,000 in damage. No charges were ever filed against the perpetrators. A group calling itself the \"Jewish Armed Resistance Movement\" claimed responsibility for the crime. According to the Toronto Sun newspaper, this shadowy group had ties to the Jewish Defense League (JDL), which the American FBI identified as a terrorist organization", "Who is Ernst\nThe leader of the JDL in Toronto, Meir Weinstein (known also as Meir Halevi), denied involvement in the attack. Five days later, though, Weinstein and American JDL leader Irv Rubin were caught trying to break into the Zundel property, where they were apprehended by police. Some weeks after the arson, Zundel was targeted with a parcel bomb, which was detonated by the Toronto Police bomb squad.", "Who is Ernst\nAfter more than four decades in Canada, including a failed effort to acquire Canadian citizenship, Zundel moved to the United States, where in January 2000 he married Ingrid Rimland. His wife, a gifted writer and noted author in her own right, was born in an ethnic German Mennonite community in Ukraine. As a child she and her family were victims of Soviet rule and the ravages of World War II. After the war she lived for a time in Paraguay and Canada, and then for years in California", "Who is Ernst\nOn February 5, 2003, Ernst Zundel was arrested at their quiet home in the mountain region of eastern Tennessee. US authorities seized him on the pretext that he had violated immigration regulations, or had missed an interview date with US immigration authorities, even though he had entered the US legally, was married to an American citizen, had no criminal record, and was acting diligently, and in full accord with the law, to secure status as a permanent legal resident.", "Who is Ernst\nAfter being held for two weeks, he was deported to Canada. For two years - from mid-February 2003 to March 1, 2005 - he was held in solitary confinement in the Toronto West Detention Centre as a supposed threat to national security.", "Who is Ernst\nHis arrest and detention generated wide media attention. A few Canadian newspapers and several independent analysts acknowledged the injustice of his incarceration. The country's most prestigious daily, theToronto Globe and Mail, affirmed in an editorial (\"Zundel doesn't warrant a security certificate,\" March 6, 2004 ) that he posed no risk to people or property, and that he was being held unjustly on a bogus \"guilt by association\" pretext", "Who is Ernst\n\"He has never been charged with a violent crime and does not urge others to commit violence,\" the editorial noted. \"The real danger to Canadians,\" it concluded, comes not from individuals like Zundel, \"but from a government that casually discards their most precious rights.\"", "Who is Ernst\nIn another editorial (\"The Zundel Case,\" Oct. 23, 2004) the influential paper called Canada's treatment of Zundel an \"abuse of the secret-trial legislation.\" The Globe and Mail editorial went on: \"What little [evidence that] has emerged suggests the Crown is arguing not that he has incited violence, but that his material might be read by people who might incite violence - guilt by association", "Who is Ernst\nThe willingness of Canadian authorities to twist the narrow purpose of the security-trial legislation to go after Ernst Zundel is a blot on Canadian justice.\"", "Who is Ernst\nBill Dunphy, a veteran investigative journalist and editor for the daily Hamilton Spectator, also protested the injustice. He spent six years probing Canada's \"white supremacist\" movement, and got to know Zundel well. Although he has no sympathy for Zundel's views, in a hard-hitting column (Hamilton Spectator, May 14, 2003) he told readers:", "Who is Ernst\n\"Our government has seized and branded Ernst Zundel, stripped him of his human rights, tried him in secret and found him wanting, and will now hand him over to a foreign government anxious to throw him in jail ...\n\"... Zundel - who did this country a favour by wiping off the books our disgraceful False News laws - has never once been convicted of a criminal offence in this country, never once found to have violated the hate crime laws that rest snugly around the throat of free expression in this country.", "Who is Ernst\n\"Calculating correctly that there was no political cost, no 'down side' to slipping on the jackboots to kick a reviled old man out of our country, our government cobbled together their best insults and innuendo, and Lord knows what secret 'evidence,' and branded Ernst Zundel a threat to national security.", "Who is Ernst\n\"I know this man, his local and international contacts and I know this movement. And after reading the 58-page 'unclassified' summary of the government's case, I can assure you there is no justice here. Their 'evidence' is riddled with errors and misinformation, hearsay and inflammatory innuendo. Dead men walk again, and the shattered bits of shoddy secret networks long since collapsed under the weight of their own ineptitude are made whole and menacing once again", "Who is Ernst\nThe Canadian Association for Free Expression (CAFE), a free speech advocacy group, fought for Zundel's release. \"Mr. Zundel is quite literally a political prisoner,\" said CAFE director Paul Fromm, who also served as Zundel's legal representative in his detention hearings. \"He is being held in solitary confinement solely for the non-violent expression of his political views.\"", "Who is Ernst\nThe allegation that Zundel might be a threat to national security \"is mischievous nonsense,\" said Fromm. \"Zundel has been politically active in Canada for 40 years. He's a public figure. His writings and speeches are available on-line. He's been investigated for years by the police. He's an open book. Zundel has never advocated or practised violence, nor have his followers,\" Fromm added. \"He's a pacifist and a publisher.\"", "Who is Ernst\nZundel was held in Canada not because his views are unpopular, or because he was a \"security risk.\" He was in prison there because Jewish groups wanted him there, and because he promoted views that the Jewish-Zionist lobby considers harmful to its interests.", "Who is Ernst\nThis lobby was the decisive, critical factor in the decades-old campaign to silence him. The only sustained and institutionalized effort in Canada to imprison Zundel came from this lobby, which includes the Simon Wiesenthal Center, the Canadian Jewish Congress, the Canadian Holocaust Remembrance Association, and the League for Human Rights of B'nai B'rith (Canada's counterpart to the US-based \"Anti-Defamation League\").", "Who is Ernst\nOn March 1, 2005, Zundel was deported to Germany, just as Jewish groups had been demanding. Upon his arrival at Frankfurt airport, he was immediately arrested and taken to Mannheim prison to await trial for the \"thought crime\" of \"denying the Holocaust.\" (\"Holocaust denial\" is against the law in Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland and some other European countries.)", "Who is Ernst\nA few months later the public prosecutor in Mannheim formally charged Zundel with inciting \"hatred\" by having written or distributed texts that \"approve, deny or play down\" genocidal actions carried out by Germany's wartime regime, and which \"denigrate the memory of the [Jewish] dead.\" The indictment cited, above all, texts posted on the \"Zundelsite\" website, which is registered and maintained by his wife in the United States, where all such writings are entirely legal.", "Who is Ernst\nZundel's three-month trial concluded on February 15, 2007, when a court in Mannheim sentenced him to five years imprisonment for the crime of \"popular incitement\" (Volksverhetzung) under Germany's notorious \"Holocaust denial\" statute. The 14 specific violations cited by the court included postings on the US-based \"Zundelsite\" website. The court thus upheld claims by German authorities to punish individuals for writings that are legal in the country where they are published", "Who is Ernst\nIn recent years, a growing number of scholars, intellectuals and newspapers - especially in Europe -- have condemned the laws under which Zundel and others have been imprisoned, fined and forced into exile for expressing skeptical views on \"the Holocaust.\" These laws, critics point out, are selective, hypocritical, and violate generally recognized principles of free speech and free expression.", "Who is Ernst\nZundel was released from prison on March 1, 2010 -- five years after his deportation to Germany, and three years after his conviction by a court in Mannheim. Banned from returning to either Canada or the US, he went to his family home in Germany's Black Forest region, where he has been living ever since.", "Who is Ernst\nIn a rare visit beyond the borders of his homeland, he traveled in 2015 to Mexico to address the \"International Identitarian Congress\" in Guadalajara (May 1-3)", "Who is Ernst\nIn a vigorous talk that reflected his \"unbroken\" spirit, he provided a cogent, moving retrospective on his activist years, including his ordeal as a \"thought criminal.\" The 200 men and women who gathered for this event - including speakers from Argentina, Spain, Germany, Italy, Britain, Mexico and the US - expressed their appreciation for the extraordinary man's courage and steadfastness.", "Who is Ernst\nMore about Ernst Zundel and his life, his fight for freedom, and his ordeal, is posted at Ernst Zundel : Prisoner of Conscience, Victim of Thought Crime [http://www.rense.com/Datapages/zunddata.htm ]\nAmericans Rally for Zundel's Freedom [http://www.ihr.org/news/050207report.shtml ] - Feb. 2005\nPhotos from the Demonstration in Los Angeles for Zundel's Freedom\n[ http://www.ihr.org/news/050207demonstration.shtml] - Feb. 2005", "Who is Ernst\nErnst Zundel: Letters From Prison [http://www.revisionists.com/zundel/letters.html ] - Five letters, from Feb. 2004 to August 2005\nWho is Ernst Zundel, And Why is He in Jail [http://www.ihr.org/news/030923Zundel.shtml ] - Sept. 2003\nUpdated on Feb. 15, 2007, and on June 2, 2016\nWho is Ernst Z\u00fcndel?", "Who is Ernst\nErnst Zundel, a German-born publisher, author and civil rights activist, has been a major figure in the worldwide Holocaust revisionist movement. For seven years he was held behind bars, first in Canada and then in Germany, solely for the peaceful expression of non-conformist views. He has been the most prominent political prisoner in the western world."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-50002011000300004&lng=es&nrm=iso

A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes

["A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nA Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes Ver\u00c3\u00b3nica Bogado, Silvio Gonnet, Horacio Leone INGAR, Instituto de Desarrollo y Dise\u00c3\u00b1o (UTN-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina, 3000 {vbogado, sgonnet, hleone} @santafe-conicet.gov.ar Abstract A discrete event simulation model for evaluating quality attributes, employing the software architecture, is proposed in this work", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nA metamodel of the software architecture domain that includes the concepts required for measuring quality attributes at runtime is specified. So, a simulation model is built from it, following the principles of hierarchy and modularity, assembling simple blocks to obtain complex blocks. DEVS framework is applied to obtain a decoupled model from the simulator, and the DEVS formalism is used to specify the elements of the simulation model", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe objective of this approach is to provide information about the quality attributes that can be measured at runtime, introducing the discrete event simulation in the context of the software architecture design. This quantitative information will assist the architect to make decisions about the design of the system. Resumen: Un modelo de simulaci\u00c3\u00b3n por eventos discretos para la evaluaci\u00c3\u00b3n de atributos de calidad, a partir de la arquitectura del software, es presentado en este trabajo", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nInicialmente, se especifica un metamodelo del dominio arquitect\u00c3\u00b3nico que incluye los conceptos necesarios para medir atributos de calidad en tiempo de ejecuci\u00c3\u00b3n. A partir del mismo, se construye un modelo de simulaci\u00c3\u00b3n siguiendo los principios de jerarqu\u00c3\u00ada y modularidad, ensamblando bloques simples para obtener bloques m\u00c3\u00a1s complejos", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nLa aplicaci\u00c3\u00b3n del framework DEVS permite obtener un modelo desacoplado del simulador, y el formalismo DEVS permite especificar los elementos de dicho modelo de simulaci\u00c3\u00b3n. El objetivo de la propuesta es proveer informaci\u00c3\u00b3n sobre atributos de calidad que puedan ser medidos en tiempo de ejecuci\u00c3\u00b3n, introduciendo la simulaci\u00c3\u00b3n por eventos discretos en el contexto del dise\u00c3\u00b1o de arquitecturas de software. Esta informaci\u00c3\u00b3n cuantitativa permitir\u00c3\u00a1 al arquitecto tomar decisiones sobre el dise\u00c3\u00b1o del sistema", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nKeywords: Quality Attribute, Software Architecture, DEVS, Simulation Model. Spanish Keywords: Atributo de Calidad, Arquitectura de Software, DEVS, Modelo de Simulaci\u00c3\u00b3n. Received: 2011-03-30 Revised: 2011-10-06 Accepted: 2011-10-06 1 Introduction Today, in the software industry is known that architectural design is very important to build a final product that satisfies user requirements", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSoftware architecture (SA) provides the basis for analyzing information related to the quality attributes of the product. The evaluation of software architectures can be done at any stage of the software development, but it has major impact at early stages of the process. It provides information to understand the system and its characteristics, detecting early errors to make decisions to improve the system quality (an architecture that better responds to the user requirements)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nNevertheless, the architect has to acquire knowledge of a variety of techniques that are different in use and application, so this makes difficult to the companies to find human resources with the required \u00e2\u20ac\u0153know-how\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd. In this context, it is necessary to develop methods and tools that give support to the software architects at the design stage. Several works present different approaches to evaluate software architectures", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSome of them are focused on the architecture itself depending on the subjectivity of the stakeholders and experts; an example of this is the ad-hoc assessment proposed in [1]. Other approaches are focused on quality attributes, using quantitative or qualitative analysis based on Markov Decision Process (MDP, [2], [3]), Petri Net (PN, [4]), or Queueing networks (QN, [5])", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nFurthermore, there are techniques that are based on scenarios (for example, Use Case Maps- UCM, [6]) in combination with formalisms such as Markov Process or Queueing Theory to evaluate quality attributes [7]. On the other hand, experimental approaches have an increasing relevance in the software architecture area because they give some \u00e2\u20ac\u0153view\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd of the execution during the analysis to the stakeholders. Examples of this type of techniques are prototyping and simulation [8]", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nAll techniques are important to the area, but today systems are more complex and changeable. So, there is a need for tools that include not only the software architecture but several quality attributes and functional requirements in the analysis, being adaptable enough to incorporate future changes for validating new scenarios. Simulation has shown to be a powerful instrument for studying the states the system could pass, obtaining values for evaluating different scenarios", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThis allows studying the impact, on the system behavior, when a particular variable is changed at the design stage. In the last years, discrete event simulation has an increasing relevance in this area and many of its techniques have been successfully applied in other design domains due to its capability to model dynamic complex systems. In this way, we present a novel approach based on discrete event theory in order to simulate software products using the software architecture", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSo, the behavior of the system can be a subject of early study, measuring quality attributes and validating scenarios specified in the software requirements. In this article, we focus on the simulation model for analyzing quality attributes that can be measured at runtime, including functional aspects in the software architecture. A framework for modeling and simulation is applied with the purpose of keeping the model separated from the complexity of the simulator", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nDiscrete Event System Specification (DEVS, [9]) formalism is used to specify the different elements in the simulation model. DEVS represents elements in a modular and hierarchical way and provides a powerful level of abstraction, expression and organization", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThese characteristics are suitable to represent concepts of software architecture and their relationships, providing scalability to the simulation model and a formal support without extra costs of implementing components at early stage of the development. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes a conceptual model that captures information for evaluating software architectures, considering functional and quantitative aspects", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSection 3 presents a framework for modeling and simulation, and DEVS fundamentals. Section 4 explains the simulation model, DEVS models for concepts of the software architecture. Section 5 describes the implementation of the hierarchy of DEVS models (proposed simulation model) for the software architecture domain using DEVSJAVA. Section 6 explains the process to apply the proposal. Section 7 shows an example to describe how the proposed model can be applied to a specific case", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSection 8 discusses the use of DEVS formalism in the software architecture domain. Finally, Section 9 presents conclusions and future work. 2 A Conceptual Model for the Analysis of Quality Attributes Software architecture design is a complex activity, which requires the knowledge of different aspects such as views, elements, relationships between elements, quality attributes, metrics, scenarios, and techniques like UCM ([10], [11], [12], [3])", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe last one complements an architectural model with functional features [6], under the concept of responsibility and the causal relationship [13]. Therefore, the required concepts are captured from the general and common language used to design architectures and to validate them according to the quality attributes values. These concepts and their relationships are represented in a conceptual model to evaluate the software architecture at runtime (SAEM). This model (Fig", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n1) captures information about the architectural design, metrics that can be used to analyze indicators of the quality of the system, and functional aspects that include the behavior of the system. Concepts taken from the dynamic view (SAView concept in Fig. 1) of the software architecture and their relationships are the fundamental structures", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe ArchitecturalElement concept is an abstract entity, which represents structures that have runtime presence, and they are included in the dynamic view of the system. Two important concepts are specialized from it, Component and ConnectionMechanism, which together with the Responsibility concept conform the main structure. They represent essential elements to build software architectures, describing the system behavior too", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe Component concept is an abstract entity, which is a generalization of two types of components, where one represents simple structures (SimpleComponent concept in Fig. 1) and the other complex structures (CompositeComponent concept in Fig. 1) respectively. The SimpleComponent corresponds to a software entity that could have some runtime presence such as a process, an object, etc., and it is in charge of a set of responsibilities", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nA more complex structure is the CompositeComponent, which depends on a set of components for carrying out the assigned responsibilities. It can be composed by both simple components and composite components, delegating the responsibilities to them, because responsibilities are only assigned to SimpleComponent. A Responsibility is a statement about software objects", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIt could be an action that an object performs, knowledge that an object maintains, or a major decision that an object makes that affect others [10]. The relationship between responsibilities is the kind of cause-effect (Causes relationship in Fig. 1), where the fulfillment of the one or more responsibilities implicates the execution of others, which are activated to be performed", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe forms of interaction between software elements, such as simple components, are the connection mechanisms, which are captured in the ConnectionMechanism concept. If connection mechanisms are complex connectors, they can have assigned responsibilities too. Finally, for a quantitative evaluation of quality attributes, other concepts such as quality attribute values and measures (metrics) are associated with the responsibilities, since they are the smallest units at runtime", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe QualityAttributeValue concept depends on the measures that are applied to evaluate quality scenarios. The Measure concept maintains information about the needed values for the calculation of a quality indicator. Figure 1: Conceptual Model for the Evaluation of Software Architectures (SAEM) 3 An Overview of Discrete Event Modeling and Simulation DEVS is a formalism for simulating discrete event system", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIt defines system behavior (input/output events and states, with the respective functions) and the system structure. Zeigler in [9] has proposed a conceptual framework for modeling and simulation with the purpose of providing a support to the DEVS formalism. The framework underlying this formalism has three basic entities (Fig. 2): Model: is the system specification, defining the structure and behavior needed to generate data comparable to data from the real world", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nGenerally, a simulation model is a set of instructions, rules, equations, constraints, for generating input/output behavior. Simulator: is a kind of agent (any computation system) that executes the instruction of the model, generating the behavior. Experimental Frame: is the specification of the conditions under which the system is observed, allowing the experimentation and validation of the model. These entities are linked by two relationships", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe first, Modeling relationship, links real system and model, it is used to represent the system (problem) and to validate the model with the real world. The other relationship, Simulation relationship, links model and simulator, it is employed to assure the simulator correctness; it guarantees that the simulator generates the output trajectory given an initial state and an input trajectory", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nKeeping separate theses three entities gives some benefits such as the fact of that the same model can be executed by different simulators, or that several experiments can be interchanged to study different situations. This flexibility has the cost of complexity, but in many cases is a future investment. As shown in Fig. 2, this contribution is focused on the model entity of the simulation approach", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe simulation model for the evaluation of quality attributes is based on the specification of simple primitive DEVS models (atomic DEVS) and with them complex DEVS models (coupled DEVS). This means that complex DEVS models are constructed of simpler ones. In this way, how models are connected is defined, building a hierarchy of DEVS for the simulation model. DEVS models employed in this work are specified in the following subsections. Figure 2: M&S Framework", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSimulation model for the analysis of quality attributes, based on [9] 3.1 Atomic DEVS Model with Ports This model allows multiple ports to receive values at the same time [9]. The specification is as follows: Set of inputs. It is a set of pairs consisting of an input port and a value. InPorts is the set of possible input ports and Xp is the set of possible values for p input port. Set of outputs. It is a set of pairs consisting of an output port and a value", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nOutPorts is the set of possible output ports and Yp is the set of possible values for p output port S Set of sequential states External state transition function, where is the set of total states and e is the elapsed time in the state s Internal state transition function Output function Time advance function 3.2 Coupled DEVS Model Coupled DEVS model is built with other DEVS models, which become components of it", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nTo specify coupled models requires: external interfaces (input/output ports and values), components (names/references to the component models and their specification with DEVS), and coupling relationships (external and internal couplings). So, it is specified in the following form [9]. Set of inputs. It is a set of pairs consisting of an input port and a value. IPorts is the set of possible input ports and Xp is the set of possible values for p input port. Set of outputs", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nOPorts is the set of possible output ports and Yp is the set of possible values for p output port Set of component names Md Component models, for each d: External Input Coupling External Output Coupling Internal Coupling Select: tie-breaking function (used in classic DEVS but eliminated in parallel DEVS) 4 Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Quality Attributes This work is focused on the specification of elements that represent basic structures of the software architecture domain in the discrete event simulation model", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe relationships between the software architecture concepts and the simulation elements are defined to translate the conceptual model to evaluate software architecture (Fig. 1) into a hierarchical simulation model (Table 1). The simulation model is built considering the guidelines suggested by Zeigler [9] and other authors [15]. The specification is composed of DEVS models, which are structured in a modular and hierarchical way", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe elements or building blocks are defined following some characteristics that each block (element of the simulation model) has to fulfill [15]: Self-contained: refers to the use of local information and local processes. Interoperable: determines that a building block may cooperate with other building blocks. All the system elements form the system that will be simulated", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nReusable: means that the simulation building blocks could be instantiated more than once in the same model or in different simulation models for several studies. Replaceable: indicates that a building block in a simulation model may be removed from it and another building block may take its place. Encapsulated: keeps secret mechanism inside, encapsulating the internal structure of a building block in the simulation model. The purpose is to hide the complexity of the mechanism from the user", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nTable 1: Correspondence between conceptual elements (software architecture) and simulation elements (DEVS) Therefore, the main concepts of the architectural model, represented by the conceptual model in Fig. 1, are transformed into elements of the simulation model. Consequently, a hierarchy of DEVS models is obtained", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nAn atomic DEVS model is defined for the Responsibility concept (Table 1), and three coupled models are specified, one for the SimpleComponent concept, other for the ConnectionMechanism concept and another one for the SAView concept (Table 1). 4.1 DEVS Model for Responsibility Concept (RM) The Responsibility concept is the smallest (primitive) unit of the dynamic elements in the proposed architectural model. Responsibilities are linked among them by a cause-effect relationship (Causes)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe fulfilled responsibilities active other responsibilities (activated responsibilities). This element (Fig. 3 (a)), from an architectural model, is translated into an atomic DEVS with ports, in the simulation model, called Responsibility Model (RM) (Fig. 3(b)). Specifying a DEVS with ports provides adaptability to the model, allowing an easier model evolution. Thus, when some other aspects need to be considered, inputs ports could be easily introduced", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIn the same way, when extra information from RM is required to be analyzed, output ports could be added easily. These changes do not impact in the whole DEVS for the Responsibility concept. Each RM calculates its output values, related to its own states or to the measurement of quality attributes. Currently, the parameters included in the simulation elements would allow measuring performance aspects", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nEach element calculates the execution time to compute the turnaround time of the system when a stimulus arrives. The relationships between responsibilities (RM) in the simulation model are given by the input/output ports, with their respective constraints to keep the cause-effect relationships. Figure 3: (a) Responsibility concept and the causal relationship, from architectural model", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n(b) RM (atomic DEVS with ports) with the transition diagram inside for representing the dynamic To sum up, formally, the Responsibility concept is specified (DEVS) defining the set of inputs, outputs and states, the external and internal transition functions, the output function and the time advance function. 4.1.1Set of Inputs (XRM) The set of input values represents information about the fulfilled responsibilities and indicates the level in which each predecessor responsibility is completed", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe only needed information for activating a responsibility initially is to know if previous responsibilities have finished their executions. This set of inputs could be increased by incorporating more details to the model, with the purpose of evaluating other quality aspects of the system. In consequence, maintaining a model with ports allows that these changes can be easily added. where Set of input ports: where prip is the input port (activatedResponsibilities, Fig", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n3(a)) that is connected to the output ports of other responsibilities (fullfilledResponsibilities, Fig. 3(a)). Set of input values for prip: This set might incorporate other values when other aspects need to be considered. 4.1.2 The Set of States (SRM) A responsibility reflects a point where the system makes a change in its state, because it is interrogated or affected by other architectural element", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSo the states allow the designer to analyze if the system is active (active), in execution (executing) or passive (inactive) mode in this point. For this model, a state is given by a phase and a sigma value. So, the set of states is defined as follows. SRM= {inactive, active, executing} x where the possible phases are (Fig. 3 (b)): inactive: passive state, waiting for an external event. The system stays in this phase until an event occurs and interrupts the system condition. active: transitory state", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThis phase starts an internal transition that generates a needed output for the system evaluation. This stage indicates the execution of a responsibility has been started. The duration of this phase is null and it cannot be interrupted by external events. executing: this stage indicates that the responsibility is being performed, where execution means the processing of code in software domain. \u00cf\u0192: resting time in the state", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe quantitative aspects, represented in the conceptual model and related to the quality attributes, are modeled as fixed parameters of the atomic model or as calculated metrics in the simulation. They are measured during the execution. Thus, adding parameters to RM will allow the evaluation of quality attributes in different scenarios based on the execution of the system", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nAt present, the model only includes one parameter that provides information for analyzing dynamics aspects: execution_time, fix parameter of the model, indicates the time that an architectural element needs to carry out a responsibility; this means time that a responsibility uses to be performed. It sums up the metrics associated to the Measure concept in the conceptual model (Fig. 1). 4.1.3 Set of Outputs (YRM) A responsibility is in charge of emitting two types of output values", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nOne related to its state, data of interest for the successor responsibilities (activated responsibilities as consequence of the execution of others), and other related to the values used for measuring aspects about quality attributes. where Set of output ports: where srop is the output port for the events generated with the purpose of notifying other responsibilities and mop is the measure output port for evaluating quality attributes (in this work only was considered a performance indicator)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSet of values for srop: The possible values are: activated: this value is emitted when the execution of the responsibility has been started. The responsibility is ready for the execution. finished: this value is generated when the responsibility has been carried out, after its execution has been finished. Set of values for mop: The set of values for this port indicates the needed execution time to perform the responsibility", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n4.1.4 Internal Transition Function (\u00ef\ufffd\u00a4RM,int) The internal transition function (Fig. 3 (b)) defines the next state for the responsibility, as result of the elapsed time without an external event has taken place. The active transitory state indicates that the responsibility can be carried out, because their predecessors (fulfilled responsibilities) have been finished in a suitable form. It communicates its activated state to the corresponding simulation elements; it has been started", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSo that, an internal transition is required that allows emitting an event using the correct port and changes automatically its state to executing. The other internal transition happens when the execution time has been elapsed, returning to the passive state (inactive), in standby, waiting for other external event. 4.1.5 External Transition Function (\u00ef\ufffd\u00a4RM,ext) This function makes a state transition when an external event has happened (Fig. 3 (b))", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIn other words, this change occurs when finished value is received from the fulfilled responsibilities. Therefore, x is equals to finished. if phase=inactive if phase= active or executing 4.1.6 Output Function (\u00ce\u00bbRM) The output function generates output values and then makes the internal transition of states (Fig. 3 (b)). where m corresponds to the execution time. 4.1.7 Time Advance Function (taRM) This function defines the time that the responsibility has been in a state", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nFor the proposed model: where s=(active, \u00cf\u0192) is a transitory state. where the execution_time is the specified parameter for this model initially. where s =(inactive, \u00cf\u0192) is a passive state. 4.2 DEVS Model for the Simple Component (SC) The simple component in the architectural model is in charge of a set of responsibilities (Fig. 4 (a)). So, this structure can be mapped to a coupled DEVS model (Fig. 4 (b))", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe relationship between the simple component and their responsibilities can be represented as a hierarchy of DEVS models, structured in a modular way. Figure 4: SimpleComponent concept and the relationship with the Responsibility concept. The simple component has a set of responsibilities in charge (In_charge relationship) RM, which is specified for the Responsibility concept, could be instantiated as components of SC. The coupled model for the SimpleComponent concept is specified in the following form", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n4.2.1Set of Inputs (XSC) SC has a set of input ports, where the input values are propagated to the components of this model. In this way, the input ports of this DEVS are connected to the input ports of the corresponding components, instances of RM. To the input ports, values that have been emitted from the previous components arrive, obtaining information to activate the suitable modules", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nwhere Set of input ports: where peip is the input port that receives information about the previous architectural elements, and it is connected to the input ports of the corresponding components. Set of input values: The set of input values represent information about the predecessor elements. This information is related to the execution end of the previous components, which is needed to activate the execution of the corresponding components", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n4.2.2 Set of Outputs (YSC) The output ports propagate the events generated by the components of this model to other simulation elements that represent architectural elements from the conceptual model. where Set of output ports: where seop is the output port that emits events to the successors elements, and mop is the output port that returns a measure value, associated to indicators of quality attributes", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSet of output values for seop: where: activated: indicates that the execution of the component has been started. The corresponding responsibilities are activated inside of this component. finished: indicates that the execution of the component has been ended. No responsibility is active. Set of output values for mop: The output values are represented by the set of real numbers. It indicates a value of a needed measure to calculate a quality index of the software", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n4.2.3 Set of Components (DSC) This set details the references to the components of the coupled model. In the present work, DSC is the set of references to RM instances that are part of the SC. 4.2.4Component Models (MSC,d) where d is the reference name of the RM model (names of the corresponding responsibility in the architectural model). 4.2.5External Input Coupling (EICSC) This coupling connects the inputs ports (external inputs) from the coupled model to the input ports of the corresponding components", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n4.2.6External Output Coupling (EOCSC) This coupling connects the output ports from the corresponding components to the output ports of the coupled model (external outputs). 4.2.7Internal Coupling (ICSC) The internal coupling connects output ports from one component to input ports of another component. This must obey the causal relationship between responsibilities. where is the constraint for responsibility relationships. In this model no direct feedback loops are allowed, following the DEVS clause", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n4.3 DEVS Model for the Connection Mechanism (CM) The connection mechanism (ConnectionMechanism in Fig. 1) represents a connector between two software components and, like the simple component in the architectural model, might be in charge of a set of responsibilities (Fig. 5 (a)). The difference from the simple component is the function that it accomplishes into the software architecture. Both elements are similar in structure, but the difference lies in the functionality of each one", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIn the literature, there is a discussion about the importance of modeling the connectors or if using the same concept of simple component for the connections. However, in this simulation model it was introduced as other DEVS model with the purpose of decoupling elements, obtaining a more flexible model to make future changes. The specification of the ConnectionMechanism concept (DEVS) follows the same principles written for the simple component, obtaining the CM coupled model (Fig. 5 (b))", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSo, the relationships between the connection mechanism and their responsibilities can be specified as a relationship of hierarchy, where the instances of RM that represent the responsibilities are components of CM. Figure 5: ConnectionMechanism concept and the relationship with the Responsibility concept. The connection mechanism has a set of responsibilities in charge (Are_assigned relationship) As part of the interface, CM has a set of input ports, which propagate the values to the internal components", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIt has a port called pcip that receives information about the previous components (SC instances), and it is connected to the input ports of the corresponding components (RM instances). The value (finished) indicates that the previous components have been finished their execution, activating the corresponding connector. The output ports propagate events generated by the components of this model to other simulation elements that represent software components", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nCM has two output ports: scop that emits events to the successor components, and mop that returns a measure. Two possible values can be emitted by the first port: activated (the execution of the connector has been started) and finished (the execution of the connector has been ended, no responsibility is active). CM has a set of elements; each element is an instance of RM", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThese elements are connected using the ports, defining the internal couplings (ICCM), which obey the causal relationship between responsibilities. Furthermore, some of them are connected to the input ports of CM (EICCM), and others to the output ports of it (EOCCM). The coupled DEVS for the ConnectionMechanism concept is formally specified as follows: DCM is the set of references to instances of RM where d is the reference name of RM instances; the specification of the components correspond with RM", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n4.4 DEVS Model for the Software Architecture View (SAVSM) The architectural view is the highest level and it has architectural elements, components and connectors. It is translated into a coupled DEVS and it is defined in a similar form as the previous coupled DEVS. This entity represents the simulation model for the software architecture view (SAVSM). This defined DEVS can have instances of SC and CM (both coupled DEVS), which contain instances of RM (atomic DEVS)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe components of the simulation model are related through the couplings. 5 Implementation of the DEVS Hierarchy The proposed specification hierarchy is implemented using DEVSJAVA [16], which is a set of libraries that provides the needed tools for implementing DEVS models employing the JAVA programming language. The main package is Zdevs that contains the Devs class (Fig. 6), which is the base of the hierarchy of models", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThis is the superclass of Atomic class and Coupled class, from the last Digraph class is inherited (Fig. 6). Within the scope of this work, the simplest building blocks are the responsibilities, being atomic DEVS in the simulation model. Therefore, it is implemented as subclass of Atomic class (ResponsibilityM in Fig. 6)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIn this case, the internal transition function, the external transition function and the output function are rewritten according to the specification of the represented architectural concept, defining the corresponding parameters. On the other hand, the complex structures are the components and the connection mechanisms, which are represented with coupled DEVS. Therefore, they are implemented as subclasses of Digraph class, called SimpleComponentM and ConnectionMechanismM respectively (Fig. 6)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThese complex structures are composed by responsibilities; this means that they contain atomic instances connected through the corresponding ports. The view (SAViewM) is implemented using Digraph class too, containing other coupled DEVS (SC, CM or both with the corresponding couplings)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nFigure 6: Implementation using DEVSJAVA: Class hierarchy for the architectural concepts 6 DEVS- based Model and Its Application The application of the proposed approach needs some initial information of the software architecture, which is specified using UCM notation by the first task of the construction process of the simulation model (Fig. 7). This model formulation requires the identification of elements of the dynamic view, their interactions with other elements and their responsibilities", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nDespite the fact that this approach is mainly useful at early stage of the software development it can be applied at any stage. Initially, the view of the software architecture can be obtained from user requirements. Non-functional requirements (NFR) are employed to identify elements of the architecture and functional requirements (FR) are used to extract responsibilities, which are assigned to the elements", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIf the system has been implemented and there is a need for some modifications, the architecture can be extracted employing some tool such as SWAG Kit1, or \u00e2\u20ac\u0153manually\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd (ad hoc), reconstructing the architecture elements and identifying the responsibilities too (functionalities). The non-functional requirements (NFR), in particular the quality requirements, are employed to define the quality scenarios (Fig. 7)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSoftware architecture elements and their responsibilities are represented using UCM notation [13], in order to validate scenarios. These concepts were captured in the proposed conceptual model (SAEM), as can be seen in Fig. 7. The process of transformation has to be done following some rules. In this way, the elements of this model are translated into elements of the proposed simulation model (SAVSM) using the relationships presented in Table 1", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe simulation model specified with DEVS formalism and implemented using DEVSJAVA library is tested in a development environment for simulation, last step at the top-right of Fig. 7. DEVS-Suite (2.0)2 is employed to analyze the proposed model in structure and the dynamic of individual elements", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe evaluation of quality attributes is automatic and it is the main part to be validated before the automation of the transformation (last part in Fig.7, which provides information of the simulation execution to make design decisions). The architect should provide the following input data and parameters: Stimulus frequency: events arrivals have a behavior pattern", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nFor a better simulation the architect has to define the flow of external events, if it responds to some probabilistic distribution or it is a periodic flow. This item represents the operation mode of the system (normal or overload according to the goals). Execution time (behavior): the time that a responsibility uses to process a request is given following some probabilistic distribution, being by default uniform", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThis can be set by the architect to obtain better results after the simulation, according to data behavior. Simulation time: conditional value defined by the architect, which depends on the size and complexity of the system that is being simulated. This input data may be initially estimated or obtained from previous projects or iteration, in case of iterative methodology of software development", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nA standard form (default values or probabilistic distributions) can be used in the first experiment to appreciate the general behavior, but it can be improved during the progress of the project, updating with new data. Figure 7: Quality attributes evaluation frame using DEVS approach 7 Case Study: A Classical Architectural Pattern To illustrate the proposed model, a classical architectural pattern is described", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe Pipe and Filter pattern is used to solve problems related to the processing of data streams, where the decomposition in subtasks are required to obtain a better result. The nature of some kinds of systems requires an implementation based on components, because the conversion of a data sequence is easier if the task is divided in smaller parts rather than work with an only component. This pattern proposes two types of elements: components called Filters and connectors called Pipes", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nA pipe passes the information flow from a filter to another filter, while the filter converts this information to obtain a new flow adapted to the requirements of the system. A filter can be connected to any number of input pipes and to any number of output pipes (Fig. 8). Figure 8: Conceptual model: Pipe and Filter pattern. An example of the pipe and filter pattern in a concrete application can be seen in Fig. 9", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nWe restrict our treatment of the case study to elements that are important to understand the concepts presented in this paper: view, component, and responsibility. The connection mechanism (Pipe), in this example, only has the responsibility of passing information from one filter to the next, so they are not included in the example, but if we need a more detailed evaluation they can be included in the model as instances of CM", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe license manager is a software management tool employed by a software company and its end-user organizations with the purpose of controlling when and how specific software products are able to be used. The architectural view, as shown in Fig. 9, represents the client subsystem, which has three components. The first component (Decryptor) is in charge of decrypting the received file. Thus, an external license file arrives to be processed", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe plain text file contains two main parts, license data and a digital firm. The license data include customer name (organization), license date, days counter, among others. The digital firm is encrypted, having inside a unique identifier (hash). So, this component decrypts the firm with the public key sending the file with this information to the following component. The second component (Authenticator) receives the file and the identifier (hash)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThen it calculates, following an algorithm, the identifier (hash) using the content of the file, and finally compares these two identifiers. It sends the file and the result to the next component. The last one (Recorder) receives the authenticated information (file and result), and updates the license information in the DB if the result is right, otherwise it blocks the user system (error). The architectural view, its elements and their responsibilities are represented using UCM (Fig. 9)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nEach component can have assigned one or more responsibilities as follows: Decryptor: r1: Receiving the license file r2: Decrypting the digital firm with the public key (from client side) Authenticator: r3: Authenticating data comparing the corresponding information r4: Sending the data with a report Recorder: r5: Receiving the authenticated data r6: Saving the corresponding data in a DB (information about the correct or error data) This model represents architectural elements of the system adding functional aspects to them, considering not only quality requirements but functional requirements", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe responsibilities have causal relationships. Stimulus begins an execution flow obtaining a result as response. Figure 9: UCM for the Pipe and Filter pattern application The software evaluation concepts are translated into simulation elements. In Fig. 10, software structures are translated into DEVS models. In this way, three types of elements are identified: view, simple component and responsibilities. The process of transformation starts from atomic to more complex structures (bottom-up viewpoint)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nFirst, the responsibilities are the smallest structures where Responsibility concept in the conceptual model (SAEM) is transformed into RM in the simulation model (SAVSM). So, each responsibility instance from the software architectural model is translated into an instance of RM in the simulation model, where the dynamic of it is defined by the functions described in the previous sections. Responsibilities are connected by ports, with the couplings for the given example, building more complex structures", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIn this case, one of these more complex structures is the Filter. So, each component that represents a Filter is translated into an instance of SC (Fig. 10), with the corresponding input and output ports, and assigned responsibilities (instances of RM). Finally, the view is translated into a coupled DEVS too. This simulation element has three instances of SC, where each one has two instances of RM", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIn this way, three levels of abstraction are represented in the simulation model obtained from the software architecture of the system that will be simulated. The quantitative aspects are reflected in the parameters of the models. In this case, the execution_time variable is a metric that could provide information about the performance of the system during the simulation. This value is calculated during the simulation for each request processed by each responsibility", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nDEVS-Suite (2.0) is a Parallel DEVS simulator with support for: automating design of experiments in combination with animating models and generating data trajectories at run-time. This environment allowed structural validation of the simulation elements and the dynamic of each element through manually tests. It provides tools for designing and implementing experiments. In Fig. 10, the architecture of the system is represented using the proposed approach", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThus, the specified DEVS hierarchy (RM, SC, CM, SAVSM) implemented using the classes provided by DEVSJAVA library was integrated in this environment. Figure 10: DEVS-Suite view: simulation elements for the architectural view of the example The instances of the simulation elements can be seen in the Simulation View (at top-right of the picture, Fig. 10). The complete simulation model (defined hierarchy of DEVS models) can be seen in the Model Viewer (top-left, Fig. 10)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nHere we can see the composite elements and their components. The other parts of the window are controls and information for the simulation. For example, in the Console we can display the measured values for each simulation element, or system indicators of the quality attributes, such as the time around shown in Fig. 10. Software architecture evaluation has different goals: detecting conflicts requirements, analyzing design decisions, analyzing the impact of the changes, among others", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nFor example, for the company may be important that the License system has a suitable response because, otherwise the clients might be blocked affecting their work. This process of validation must be efficient because some systems are critics for the company. In this way, a performance scenario is given as an example of the approach (it can be specified following the template proposed by SEI [17], as shown in Fig. 11, or in an informal form)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIn this scenario, time around is analyzed for a normal operation of the system. Figure 11: Example of quality scenario. Concrete scenario for performance This approach allows designers to study the system behavior, observing which components are activated and which responsibilities are being preformed inside of them (Simulation View in DEVS-Suite), as shown in Fig. 10. The state of each element is indicated detecting which elements are executing and which are in a passive state", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe simulation of the system execution allows evaluating quality scenarios related to the performance attribute (in this approximation of the model). For example, in the previous scenario we measure the time around in milliseconds, if the time used to process the requests is too high, it can indicate some problem. So the design has to be reviewed in detail, analyzing the time per component or responsibility and detecting which of them has some conflicts", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThis detection of elements provides information to take some design decisions, such as the application of architectural patterns, reallocation of responsibilities, or addition of new components that reallocate the work load. The design and implementation of the experimental frame for evaluating software architectures will include an automatic experimentation in the simulation environment proposed in this work", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\n8 Discussion In this paper we presented a DEVS-based approach to evaluate quality attributes that can be measured at runtime based upon the software architecture of the system. Other approaches have been proposed using different techniques for analyzing different quality attributes", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nSome authors have classified them in theoretical and empirical techniques [8], where we can include three subclasses: one based on quality attributes, another one based on software architecture, and the last one based on scenarios. Most approaches are in the first group being more theoretical. There are many methods based on scenarios and focused on a more qualitative analysis than in quantitative aspects [18]", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nMoreover, in the software architecture area, several works propose ad-hoc assessment of the software architecture qualities, but they introduce subjectivity and ambiguity in the assessment [1]. Other alternatives are mainly focused on quality attributes. For example, Markov Process has been used to evaluate the reliability, performance and security of a system ([2], [3]). Also, other contributions have employed Queueing Theory to measure performance [5]", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nPetri Nets are other option, which has been applied to evaluate different quality attributes such as security, performance and reliability [4]. Finally, the SEI (Software Engineering Institute) has made some contributions to deal with architecture evaluation (a software named ArchE), using Fixed Priority Scheduling to measure performance and Graph Theory to analyze modifiability ([19], [20], [21])", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe experience indicates that Markov Process seems to be a good approximation for evaluating software architectures; many works have shown how an architectural model can be traduced into a Markov chain", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nNevertheless, this approach presents two situations which have to be improved: the representation of the states that only include components from the architectural model, losing other important aspects of the architectural domain, and the analytical resolution of the models which requires specific information (such as transition probabilities, quantitative data for each component, etc) [22]", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nQueueing Theory provides a good performance assessment, but it is difficult to represent other aspects of the software quality such as: security, reliability, etc. Petri Nets have limitations to model some situations such as priorities and complex system which imply problems to solve the net (known problem of Petri Nets)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThis problem requires simplification, but this mechanism implies to lose concepts that may be important to represent the real problem (system that is being simulated), affecting the final results. The various approaches for the software quality evaluation presented previously provide a quantitative analysis focuses on specific quality attributes. They are based on mathematical fundamentals which are important for the consideration of final results", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nHowever, these techniques have the disadvantage of being too restrictive from the modeling point of view. They have some limitations to represent a number of situations about the real-world systems and they incorporate the complexities of the technique in the model, losing abstraction capabilities. Some critical studies have shown limitations of this kind of techniques (i.e. works focused on reliability prediction techniques such as [22])", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nMany authors have exposed the enterprise needs and they have emphasized the importance of the functional aspects in the architectural evaluation, the increasing complexity of the systems and the performance as dominating quality attribute. In this context, empirical techniques have increasing importance. Architectural prototyping has been proposed in this area to analyze: structural (components), communicational (connectors), and quality aspects (performance, security) [8]", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nHowever, the wasted effort to prototype the software and the initial costs have a major impact than other proposals. Furthermore, prototypes do not include functional aspects. There are few contributions that include functionality in the architectural models and in the automatic evaluation. UCM provides a form to add behavior to abstract structures, but it is an informal notation [6]", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nHowever, formalisms such as Queueing Theory have been proposed to complement it in the analysis of performance [7], but lead to the same matters that have previously explained. Simulation is another empirical technique. It allows exploring structural and behavioral aspects as well as quality indicators without implementation costs. In this way, we present a novel approach, from a conceptual model to a formalism that is more general than Petri Net and Queueing theory", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nDEVS is based on the system theory, so it allows clear abstractions and models and a modular construction, reducing the complexity of the systems using a hierarchical approximation. The building of simulation blocks, from basic models (atomic DEVS) to complex models (coupled DEVS), allows a suitable representation of the architectural structures, manipulating parameters for a quantitative analysis of the quality aspects. Furthermore, DEVS formalism is embedded in a simulation framework [9]", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThis frame defines three entities and their relationships, uncoupling the model from the simulator. Thus, the complexity of the simulator is kept outside the model, and the model is closer to the real system. It is more expressive, allowing the definition of domain-specific components and providing major semantic to the models (in this case, elements related to the software architecture and its quality)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nDiscrete event simulation applied to measure quality attributes using the software architecture of the system has the following items to be analyzed: i) it provides an overview of the performance of the system, ii) it allows a study of the behavior of the system and its elements (components and connectors with their responsibilities respectively), iii) its outputs include measures, such as throughput and time around, iv) it is a flexible approach, and it could be adapted to new situations, such as adding other quality aspects to be considered in the evaluation", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe last one is the most important feature because is the most difference from other techniques. DEVS is known for its capability to model complex systems without losing efficiency in the implementation of the simulation. The system theory fundamentals of DEVS are powerful tools to manage the complexities of the software architecture elements. It provides a high level of abstraction and scalability too, which are not found in other techniques", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nOne limitation of this approach, also presented in others, might be the input data behavior employed by the model (probability distributions) for obtaining better results (metrics), because the lack of historical data is an important problem in the software industry. 9 Conclusion The paper proposed an approach based on DEVS that introduces modular simulation into software architecture evaluation at early stage of the software development", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nFirstly, a conceptual model to evaluate software architectures has been formulated. The model represents information related to the system structure and behavior, and includes other concepts that enable quantitative analysis to validate several scenarios. Also, it incorporates the Responsibility concept, which provides a way to include functional aspects, representing the software execution flow, unlike other approaches that only focus on non-functional requirements (quality attributes)", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nWe proposed the use of DEVS formalism to incorporate the advantages of discrete event simulation in the context of architectural design. This formalism builds simulation elements in a modular and hierarchical way. Furthermore, a framework for modeling and simulation supports this formalism, keeping the model decoupled from the complexity of the simulator and from the experimental frame", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThese features provide flexibility, making easy to incorporate new elements in the simulation model and encapsulating the environment of the studied system under the concept of experimental frame. We considered performance as initial quality attribute measurable at runtime, because it is a dominating quality attribute in many systems. Nevertheless, the proposal is more ambitious in order to incorporate other quality attributes indicators", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nFor example, availability could require a new state (to simulate a software failure) in the atomic DEVS (RM) and the corresponding metrics (i.e. unavailability time). In this way, the simulation model specified using DEVS provides scalability with a formal support. DEVS-Suite has facilitated a concrete simulator and a set of tools to implement the simulation model and its elements", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThis environment allowed the design of simple experiments which have been manually executed to test the proposed simulation model (structure and behavior using animation). We believe that the experimental framework of the simulation is a very important part for the results (quality metrics), so we are planning to do an exploratory study of its development, designing and implementing a specific experimental frame that responds suitably to different quality goals", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nAs regards the simulation model that we proposed, it could be of interest in future work to include complex architectural concepts such as architectural patterns and composite components besides required parameters for the quality metrics (atomic elements). Finally, translating architectural concepts into simulation elements requires models transformation. MDA (Model-driven Architecture) framework will be applied, because of the importance of models in this process", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nThe transformation rules that describe how one or more elements of the source model (architectural view) can be transformed into one or more elements in the target model (simulation model -DEVS), are currently defined in a simple and non-standardized form, and they have to be applied manually", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nIn future works, automatic transformation will be integrated, formalizing the rules and studying standards that are widely used such as QVT (Query, Views, and Transformations) and MOF (Meta Object Facility) proposed by OMG. Acknowledgements The authors thank the financial support received from Universidad Tecnol\u00c3\u00b3gica Nacional (25/O118 \u00e2\u20ac\u201c UTI1083) and Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00c3\u00b3n Cient\u00c3\u00adfica y Tecnol\u00c3\u00b3gica (PAE-PICT 02315). References 1. M. Galster, A. Eberlein and M", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nMoussavi, \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Early Assessment of Software Architecture Qualities\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd, in Proc. Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS 2008), 2008, pp. 81-86. 2. W.-L. Wang, D. Pan and M.-H. Chen, \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Architecture-based software reliability modeling\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd, Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 79, Issue 1, pp. 132-146, January 2006. 3. V. Sharma and K. 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Klein, \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Preliminary design of ArchE: a software architecture design assistant\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd, SEI, Technical Report, CMU/SEI-2003-TR-021, ESC-TR-2003-021, 2003. 20. F. Bachmann, L. Bass, M. Klein, J. McGregor and P", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nBianco, \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Using ArchE in the classroom: one experience\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd, Software Architecture Technology Initiative, Technical Note, CMU/SEI-2007-TN-001, 2007. 21. F. Bachmann, L. Bass and M. Klein, \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Experience using an expert system to assist an architect in designing for modifiability\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd, in Proc. Fourth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA 2004), 2004, pp. 281-284. 22. L. K. Singh, A. K. Tripathi and G", "A Discrete Event Simulation Model for the Analysis of Software Quality Attributes\nVinod, \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Software reliability early prediction in architectural design phase: Overview and Limitations\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd, Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, vol. 4 N\u00c2\u00b0 3, pp.181-186, March 2011. 1 SWAG: Software Architecture Group. http://www.swag.uwaterloo.ca/swagkit/ 2 DEVS-Suite. http://www.acims.arizona.edu/SOFTWARE/software.shtml Todo el contenido de esta revista, excepto d\u00f3nde est\u00e1 identificado, est\u00e1 bajo una Licencia Creative Commons"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/about

About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

["About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nSearch Field: You are hereHome > About Us\tAbout Us NOAA's former three data centers have merged into the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).", "About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nThe demand for high-value environmental data and information has dramatically increased in recent years. To improve our ability to meet that demand, NOAA\u2019s former three data centers\u2014the National Climatic Data Center, the National Geophysical Data Center, and the National Oceanographic Data Center, which includes the National Coastal Data Development Center\u2014have merged into the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).", "About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nNCEI is responsible for hosting and providing access to one of the most significant archives on Earth, with comprehensive oceanic, atmospheric, and geophysical data. From the depths of the ocean to the surface of the sun and from million-year-old ice core records to near real-time satellite images, NCEI is the Nation\u2019s leading authority for environmental information.", "About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nNCEI continues the tradition of excellence, unmatched expertise, and trusted, authoritative data that the previous three Data Centers established. The top priority during the near future is to build on the full spectrum of atmospheric, oceanographic, coastal, and geophysical products and services that the Data Centers delivered. While NCEI's product portfolio will evolve as current products and services are assessed, no products or services are currently slated to be cut or reduced", "About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nBy using consistent data stewardship tools and practices across all of our science disciplines and by forging an improved data management paradigm, we expect to provide users with improved access to environmental data and information archive products. For more information, please visit www.ncei.noaa.gov.", "About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nIf you have specific questions about this merger, please let us know at [email protected].\nWill our websites\u2019 URLs change?\nExisting links and domain names (e.g., www.ncdc.noaa.gov) for the Data Centers will continue to be accessible. Over time, the merged Data Centers will develop a plan to consolidate domains. This change will be advertised, and all appropriate redirects will be established. The NCEI landing page has been established as an overview to the new organization.\nHow will this impact users?", "About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nThe goal is to provide minimal impacts to users in the short-term. Existing products and services will remain on their current sites, and access will not change. In the long-term, the merger will improve the creation of new products and the access and delivery of existing products and services to users.\nA Trusted Authority on Weather and Climate Information", "About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nThe Nation needs a trusted authority on weather and climate information. Every day, governments, businesses, and individuals make long-term decisions\u2014affecting lives and livelihoods\u2014that require an accurate understanding of the natural environment. NCEI is well positioned to respond to this need by building upon the former National Climatic Data Center\u2019s 61 years of data and customer-focused science, service, and stewardship.", "About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nNCEI develops national and global datasets, which are utilized to maximize the use of our climatic and natural resources while also minimizing the risks caused by climate variability and weather extremes. NCEI helps describe the climate of the United States and it acts as the \"Nation's Scorekeeper\" regarding the trends and anomalies of weather and climate", "About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nNCEI's climate data have been used in a variety of applications including agriculture, air quality, construction, education, energy, engineering, forestry, health, insurance, landscape design, livestock management, manufacturing, national security, recreation and tourism, retailing, transportation, and water resources management.", "About | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\nMore About NCEI\n151 Patton Ave\nAsheville, NC 28801-5001\nView Strategic Vision\nView Annual Reports\nNOAA Staff Directory\nOperating Status\nHistory Brochure\nView the Story\nView Driving Directions\nView Employment"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://classicalstudies.org/annual-meeting/150/abstract/sicily-and-second-punic-war-reorganisation-rome%E2%80%99s-first-province

"Sicily and the Second Punic War: The (Re)Organisation of Rome’s First Province"

["Sicily and the Second Punic War: The (Re)Organisation of Rome\u2019s First Province\nThe Second Punic War had a profound effect upon Sicily. The kingdom of Hieron II was destroyed and Syracuse, the island\u2019s largest urban centre, was sacked after a bitter Roman siege. In the third century, the Romans did not have any means or processes by which they could simply setup an overseas province. Indeed, a provincia at this time very much remained, primarily, a zone of military responsibility rather than a defined territory outside of Italy which was administered by an imperium-holding magistrate", "Sicily and the Second Punic War: The (Re)Organisation of Rome\u2019s First Province\nAfter the first conflict with Carthage, the Romans appear to treat Sicily as an extension of Italy, with cities bound to Rome by treaty and contributing men or, more often, ships as socii to a communal army. The Hannibalic War, however, changed all of this. After the final reconquest of the island in 210 BCE, Roman bureaucracy profoundly increased in Sicily with a twofold purpose", "Sicily and the Second Punic War: The (Re)Organisation of Rome\u2019s First Province\nFirstly, Sicily was a gateway between Rome and Carthage; the island facilitated access and acted as a supply conduit to both the Italian peninsula and North Africa. Therefore, security was likely foremost in the Roman mind when dealing with Sicily in the late third and early second centuries. All the same, grain was the island\u2019s most important commodity, and Sicilian grain had been feeding Roman armies on campaign since the mid-third century", "Sicily and the Second Punic War: The (Re)Organisation of Rome\u2019s First Province\nThe need of the legions for grain, however, was exacerbated substantially by the war with Hannibal. Moreover, the war in Sicily from 214-210 BCE had redrawn the political map of the island, as former Roman allies were destroyed while other cities were rewarded for their loyalty", "Sicily and the Second Punic War: The (Re)Organisation of Rome\u2019s First Province\nThese three elements, the need for security, the desire for grain, and the destruction of the Second Punic War, allowed the Romans to reset and reorganise their role in Sicily, as well as the role of Sicily itself within the Roman dominion.", "Sicily and the Second Punic War: The (Re)Organisation of Rome\u2019s First Province\nSicily was vital to the Romans as a point of supply, as a centre for controlling the western Mediterranean, and for keeping a close watch on Carthage. Roman bureaucracy in Sicily increased as the island steadily became more important to the legions as a source of grain", "Sicily and the Second Punic War: The (Re)Organisation of Rome\u2019s First Province\nIn the context of Sicily, security and the grain supply were interrelated, as the system of military and political administration that was put into place gave Sicily the stability that was necessary for the agricultural resources to be exploited. This paper will explore the process which took Sicily first from newly conquered territory, to a zone of military occupation, and finally to an area of mostly administrative control which might properly be called a province", "Sicily and the Second Punic War: The (Re)Organisation of Rome\u2019s First Province\nThis process will reveal how administration and taxation of conquered lands were not imposed from the centre, but instead either continued native practices already in place, or developed in response to local conditions. Accordingly, many institutions that modern scholars associate with provincial governments - tithes, tributes, large bureaucracies, and such - evolved out of a series of ad hoc measures designed to meet immediate needs", "Sicily and the Second Punic War: The (Re)Organisation of Rome\u2019s First Province\nIn this way, Sicily acts as a microcosm for the development of Roman overseas bureaucracy during the Republic, and serves as our most immediate example for the way in which the Second Punic War affected territories beyond Italy."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.connelly-mckinley.com/obituaries/george-phillip-hennig/

George Phillip Hennig - A faithful servant of the Lord.

["George Phillip Hennig - A faithful servant of the Lord.\nGeorge Phillip Hennig\nA faithful servant of the Lord, our father, grandfather, brother, and uncle passed away at the age of 95 years old.\nHe was predeceased by his devoted wife Ethel in 2008 and is lovingly remembered by daughters and sons-in-law Barbara and Dale, Brenda and Dwayne, and caring companion Eva Witen, along with grandchildren Hilary, Jeff, and Jennifer, their spouses, and families.", "George Phillip Hennig - A faithful servant of the Lord.\nGeorge was born in Golden Spike, Alberta into a family of three sisters and five brothers. He is also survived by younger sister Johanna, many nieces, nephews, and friends.\nGeorge lived his faith in all that he did \u2013 in his career as an accountant and later as a health care executive at the Good Samaritan Society, as a charter and active member of Ascension Lutheran Church, and as a supportive and inspiring father."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://transversal.at/transversal/1203/creischer-siekmann/en?hl=

Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation

["Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nLast year in November we went to Buenos Aires to begin a project with the working title ExArgentina.[1] Ex Argentina was originally understood as a form of an economy-critical examination of the economic crisis in Argentina and the international lobbies profiting from it. As an artistic practice, this investigation is based on the concept of genealogy as it was developed by Foucault - a minoritarian and local critique that would have an impeding effect on the production of global and centralized theory", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nWhen Foucault ultimately speaks of a revolt of suppressed knowledge using the methods of a science that cannot be made efficient, the aim primarily lies in making this knowledge visible. This inefficiency of the visualizing methods seems to be transferable to the reservoir of artistic categories which have finely ground and polished their optical instruments in their presumption of autonomy", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThe methods of visualizing this knowledge are not interchangeable; they are an expression of involvement \u2013 as is the case with the contents. The issue is not an ultimately valid analysis, but rather the search for a mode of representation that can keep that which has been perceived and the conclusions to which one has come as memorable as a poem or a picture, which only in this form can turn into an \u201cup-to-date tactics\u201d.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nWe stayed seven months in Buenos Aires, also traveling to Posadas, Tucuman, Cordoba and Bahia Blanca. At the end of this period, however, it was clear that the issue is not only a form of investigation, but how to describe a social movement which is extremely present here and in which many of the participants in the project up to now are engaged", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nWe are faced with the problem of describing this movement in a hegemonic field which extensively and quite frequently exploits the images, domesticates their messages, and subjects them to a universality that makes all statements invisible. We are confronted with the challenge of recalling an artistic practice of integrity which proves that it is possible to visualize such movements with dignity.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nDuring this time we began to write journey letters - like in the old fashioned literary genre of the 18th century, where these letters also had a kind of mirror function for their own society. This is exactly what the current description of the Argentinean crises does to the European view.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nOne part of the last letter seems to us a precise description of what \u201creal public spaces\u201d could be \u2013 in a public space which does not exist any more, because it is completely occupied by private economic interests and the power of the state apparatus. For us \u201creal public space\u201d is not a place. It is a situation. In this letter we described the occupation of public space in the election campaigns and one of these rare situations of \u201creal public space\u201d", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\n\u201cWe start by conveying our impressions from the end, and from this new experience of distance, which can be compared to an optical device that now no longer works and would need to be readjusted. But one can\u2019t adjust it fast enough, because the distance continues to grow. Or it\u2019s like sitting on the back seat of a car and staring out the rear window \u2013 at the rapid diminution of things, persons and events, until they turn into mere dots.\nCampaigns as Total Occupation of Public Space", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nAt this end, Kirchner became president of Argentina with 22% of the votes. Despite having gained 2 percentage points more, Menem renounced his candidacy for the second ballot. On our TV screen in Berlin, the faces of both the winner and the looser remain as unclear as the live images of persons in a space capsule", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThey are attacked by nervous lines, and they immediately remind us of portraits of Menem, which were allowed by the campaign organizers only shortly before the election, to prevent them from being smeared. It was the profile of a face turned away, traversed by exactly these lines, as if the camera were only able to capture this figure with extreme technical effort. That\u2019s how busy this person is, rushing from an automobile into a building. Now, both faces display this effort", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nBut sitting in front of the TV screen in Berlin, this is also merely a phenomenon of distance and indifference \u2013 just some presidential election in some unsettled, bankrupt country.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nHere, the election is dealt with using the phrase: an interruption of the urgently needed reform process. At worst, Lopez Murphy is mentioned as an alternative \u2013 a law-and-order despot whose legal suggestions are aimed at generating orders for his own security firm. He won in Buenos Aires, receiving the largest percentage of votes, just like Menem did on the first ballot. 80 percent of all Argentines acquiesced to the duty to vote", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThis time they didn\u2019t draw on the ballot-paper \u2013 there were no Clements without arms2 \u2013 they didn\u2019t scribble any curses or paste slogans on them \u2013 things that happened during the last elections and that were a clear rejection of this yes/no obedience to enact \u201dfrreedom\u201d.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nWe write this down so explicitly because, first of all, we can\u2019t understand it. In the 80s, a person named Bussi was reelected in the Tucuman province. He had all homeless people taken from the city of San Miguel de Tucuman and abandoned in the surrounding areas, where many died of hunger. Poverty was no longer visible in the city. During the time of the junta, Bussi had already been governor. What does this story insinuate? Who is judged as being stupid, and who as cruel", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\n? The insinuation assumes there is a link \u2013 or at least the projection of a link \u2013 between voting, one\u2019s own intentions, and one\u2019s own everyday political situation. What it does not take into account is the fictitiousness of representational politics and the force with which these fictions are translated into reality.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nWe now recall the comical aspects of certain election posters. Rodriguez Saa standing in front of refineries with the slogan \u201d100 percent Argentina\u201d, despite the fact that the sale of refineries to international corporations triggered the first wave of mass unemployment. Kirchner promised \u201den serio\u201d (seriously) a country with a national industry and a functioning health system", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nMenem, a symbolic figure of \u201dthe crisis\u201d and under arrest last year on account of arms trafficking and corruption, advertised for himself as \u201dUna Marca Registrada\u201d (a long-standing brand name). \u2026 We had the impression that these posters had become interchangeable with the billings of family or lawyer movies in front of the huge multiplex cinemas in the shopping centers, i.e", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nwith the collective unconscious of a Doris Day, of milk bottles on the lawn in front of the bungalow, of insurance buildings flooded with light, of schools, hospitals and factories, of a national welfare state that cares for and needs the population. This care is inevitably supplemented by the threat posed to prosperity coming from the outside and directed against enemies on the inside by means of a technique of war which the family contributes to producing.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nSo much for the dream conveyed by the election posters and their proximity to cinema. If this dream were to be true, then not due to its closeness to reality, but because of the power that enforces its public presence. The truth stood firm as long as the campaign was rolling. This infallible harmony of the campaign was financed by the IMF and the World Bank, as its course furnished proof of itself. The IMF interpreted last year\u2019s boycott of the elections as a lack of education", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThere were candidates who held speeches applauded by the \u201dpeople\u201d cast in the provinces and paid in empanadas or T-shirts. It is said that the projections in the newspapers resulted from how much money the parties paid, just like some people made bets on how much money was paid to buy how many votes. There were gigantic graffiti on highway bridges and tunnels reading \u201dMenem / Romero\u201d or \u201dKirchner / Duhalde\u201d", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nTowards the end of the election campaign, the very same Peronist party, but an internal opposing camp, pasted the slogan \u201dMenem al Gobierno / Bush al Poder\u201d (Menem to rule/Bush to power) over the Menem posters. This was a refined type of polemic, because they copied the same slogan with which the candidate at the time, Hector Campora, had himself elected in 1973only so that old Peron could return to power. That\u2019s the patriotic myth that is now \u201dsoiled\u201d by replacing Peron with Bush, who is hated", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThese techniques, then, which we in Europe might call communication guerilla, are controlled by political parties, because they stem from a time when these parties were banned, a time in which contact persons in the various barrios painted their slogans on the walls \u2013 except that during their years in power, this subversiveness has become an instrument of control.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nIt is a fact that no one believes the promises made on the election posters. Perhaps the decision to vote and not to mess up the ballot was not due to a logic of promise, but to a logic of fear, which the campaigns incited in their omnipresence and the threats that accompanied them. Poor districts were often shown in TV commercials with the warning not to let it get to that point, and to save one\u2019s own skin yet again from an existence in such poverty \u2013 by voting", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nWe had the impression that this warning by the rich functionaries was addressed to the ordinary citizens, who still felt the repercussions of their recent decimation and whose former neighbors constituted the last wave of homeless people now occupying the space of the city like a painful memory.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nNow let\u2019s turn to the city itself, to this physical space occupied by poverty. What began in the city at the same time as the power to present fictions was an eviction campaign, a campaign of obliterating all forms of self-organization regarded as symptoms of the crisis. First the squatted building in Buenos Aires were cleared, which had served as locations for district assemblies, soup kitchens, cultural and political initiatives", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nIndymedia, the chronicler of these evictions, and itself driven away during the clearing of a former bank branch office, cites Menem\u2019s promise \u201dto clean the streets of communists and other delinquents in order to halt social chaos\u201d, which is interchangeable with statements made by other contenders.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nA few weeks earlier, a debate was started in the media among established intellectuals about the new social movements and the way they are read in the West , a debate one can summarize under the term \u201dTurismo Piquetero\u201d", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThis discussion resulted in a final shifting of the reason for the \u201dcrisis\u201d, which had been held until then: from the corruption of a caste of politicians, who got rich together with the international financial trusts, to the \u201dsymptoms\u201d: poverty, protest, the self-organization of the poor in order to survive, the demands for possibilities to survive, which indeed were not exclusively directed towards the state but towards the paradigm of private property of an entire class, the impertinence of these symptoms that they did not simply disappear", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nAll this becomes an object of voyeurism for foreigners. But what is it in the desire to observe that connects the foreigners with those organizing themselves", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nFirst, \u201del Padelai\u201d is cleared, a building that had been occupied for 20 years and in which more than 500 people lived at the time of the raid. Most of them were younger than 18. 300 policemen raid the building with tear gas and rubber bullets, arresting 86 persons and injuring more than 40", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThen came the meeting places of the jobless organizations San Telmo and Florencia Varela, the community kitchen in Almirante Brown, the meeting place of H.I.J.O.S., the building of the Asamblea Paternal, and the social center \u201dAzucena Villaflor\u201d, just to name the first ones.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nIndymedia writes: \u201dThe repression apparatus is omnipresent. Police forces are posted with their bullet-proof vests in front of every supermarket and every bank. Road-blocks are part of to everyday life, as are the robocops armed with machine guns often present at political demonstrations\u201d. We also saw these images, but they did not startle us at first \u2013 that\u2019s how common their presence was, and that\u2019s how safe we felt living behind our spy-hole", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nAll measures are legitimized by the new \u201danti-terror\u201d legislation agreed upon exactly one year after September 11 by the U.S. Embassy and the authorized officials of the legislature. The law is to enable cooperation between the security and armed forces and the secret services. It empowers these organizations to proceed against \u201dterrorist criminality\u201d upon mere suspicion. Terrorist criminality can mean anything", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nIt is the same arbitrary use of power and deprivation of rights which has come into force in almost all \u201ddemocracies\u201d since September 11 and which sets a new standard in terms of state force.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThe clearing of the Brukman clothing factory was a central event during the election campaign in Buenos Aires. Brukman was one of the 180 occupied companies across the country, which prove on a daily basis that producing without a boss or a proprietor is possible. On Good Friday at 2 o\u2019clock in the morning, around 150 heavily armed policemen raided the factory upon the order of the new judge Grimoldi, who was a member of the junta", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nPresident Duhalde\u2019s cronies had appointed him as judge two days earlier and declared the Brukman files confidential, thus again proving their readiness to militarize politics. The workers were able to mobilize a large number of people within a short period of time, who then protested against the clearing for four days, until the federal police drove the 7000 people away from the factory, pursued them and arrested many.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThe days between the raid, the protests and the eviction made it clear that it is not as if there were two separate parties of power and of outrage, but that they are linked by a web of mediating and legislative apparatuses called upon by the one side and utilized by the other", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nIn the realm of the fictionality of the campaign, the clearing of Brukman was a show trial which, through the entrances and exits of authorities and objecting parties, proved the inviolability of private property and the significance of state power accompanying it as its protective shield. The two judges who ordered the clearing stated that \u201din the face of economic interests, no sovereignty of life and freedom from bodily harm is given\u201d", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThis statement caused outrage and was later revoked, but it stands there like a new pillar, like the preamble of a new constitution.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nIt isn\u2019t correct, however, to say that a play was staged, during which, as it unfolded, all these parties entered the stage, presented their arguments, and then bowed. This would place all on the same level: the Ministry of Labor, various chiefs of police, judges, public prosecutors, members of parliament, lawyers, journalists, workers, men, women, and children. One would reduce them to mere actors against the backdrop of a power, which brought in and posted its police troops even on the very first day", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nBefore one speaks of performance, purpose and outcome, one must recall certain days or hours, their outrage and their beauty. We remember one night, for instance, in which a large bandoneon orchestra played in front of the cordons the police used to block the factory. They apparently came there directly from the concert hall. The singer used a megaphone only when certain parts of the song were addressed to the police. He then sang in a strangely subdued and strutting way", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nIt was clear that the singer was a sovereign of his own presence, that he directed only the insulting parts to the staffages of power. The rest was addressed solely to those who sat on the curb or on the lawn of the nearby park.\u201d", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nLike many others, we are concerned with establishing coherencies between political activism, political theory and political art. Many times, though, that seems to us like a space that only exists in our own heads, or as though there were a one-way street of political information and debates that we can only take into the field of art and show.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nYet maybe this suspicion is inherently false, because it is based on an exchange that is forged from identity to identity. As though we as \"artists\" report on \"Argentina\" before \"squatters\", \"media activists\" and \"philosophers\". If we accept these identities as given, they automatically arrange themselves into a pyramid standing on its head", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThe activists form the peak at the bottom \u2013 \"the real\", so to speak, from which a line branches off to theory \u2013 a normative relationship, in which theory judges political activism. The other line branches off to art \u2013 a relationship of utilization, in which the artistic work is charged with the social sense of the political activity", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nIn their construction, they might be comparable with the paintings in the room where we sat in Naples, pointing from the banal edges of the clouds more and more towards the heights of the spiritual world.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThis schematization is already rocked by the various activities and commitments of the individual people who report. Thus we did not appear here as \"artists\", but rather as travelers giving an account of the disciplining and emancipation of public space in Argentina. And it would be utilitarian to ask now who could make use of any of this, whether addresses were exchanged or cooperations planned", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThe days spent in these rooms are not suitable for quickly producing meaning, because they belong to the accumulation of knowledge that cannot be effectuated.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nYet we must ask what happens if the meetings are repeated, if many of us meet, report, talk again and again. Which space emerges there and how can we avoid becoming inured to one another? A friend of ours suggested that it is a political task to keep the themes alive. We believe that is only possible if they are thought in their current antagonistic relationship.", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\n[1] A project of the Goethe Institute Buenos Aires supported by funds from the German Bundeskulturstiftung, focussing on the economic crisis in Argentina as a perfect example of the consequences of international financial and economic policies and their neoliberal ideology. We worked and discussed with artists and groups of political activists. One of the results of our trip is an exhibition at the Museum Ludwig in Cologne in March 2004", "Sovereignty of Presence. Real Public Space as Situation\nThe project is intended to support an artistic and political engagement that takes a stand against the current global power structures and link it with similar initiatives in Europe. http://www.exargentina.org/"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://fantasy-www.nfl.com/news/takk-mckinley-groin-sticking-with-raiders-on-injured-reserve

Takk McKinley (groin) sticking with Raiders on injured reserve

["Takk McKinley (groin) sticking with Raiders on injured reserve\nTakk McKinley (groin) sticking with Raiders on injured reserve\nPublished: Nov 27, 2020 at 04:42 PM\nNick Shook\nAfter weeks of floating in the abyss of the waiver wire, Takkarist McKinley finally has a home.\nThe defensive end is not being waived as he was twice previously, instead landing on injured reserve with the Raiders and thus, sticking with a team, per NFL Network's Tom Pelissero.", "Takk McKinley (groin) sticking with Raiders on injured reserve\n\"Takk McKinley will not be on the trip this week, but he is a big part of our plans for the future,\" Raiders coach Jon Gruden said Friday, via the Oakland Tribune's Jerry McDonald. \"I just don't know how far in the immediate future that is.\"", "Takk McKinley (groin) sticking with Raiders on injured reserve\nMcKinley was released by the Falcons as a result of his multi-week effort to get out of Atlanta. He was claimed via waivers first by the Cincinnati Bengals, but failed his physical due to his lingering groin injury, then repeated the process with the San Francisco 49ers.\nThis time, it appears the former first-round pick will get a chance with a new team, albeit with a minimum of three weeks spent off the field to heal. How soon he'll take the field in silver and black remains to be seen."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://lonang.com/library/reference/the-federalist-papers/fed-52/

FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members

["FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nNo. 52, House of Representatives Qualifications\nHome \u00bb LONANG Library \u00bb Reference Works \u00bb The Federalist Papers (1787-88) \u00bb No. 52, House of Representatives Qualifications\nThe Federalist Papers (1787-1788)\nAlexander Hamilton, James Madison & John Jay\nFEDERALIST 52\nConcerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nby James Madison", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nFROM the more general inquiries pursued in the four last papers, I pass on to a more particular examination of the several parts of the government. I shall begin with the House of Representatives.\nThe first view to be taken of this part of the government relates to the qualifications of the electors and the elected.", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nThose of the former are to be the same with those of the electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature. The definition of the right of suffrage is very justly regarded as a fundamental article of republican government. It was incumbent on the convention, therefore, to define and establish this right in the Constitution. To have left it open for the occasional regulation of the Congress, would have been improper for the reason just mentioned", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nTo have submitted it to the legislative discretion of the States, would have been improper for the same reason; and for the additional reason that it would have rendered too dependent on the State governments that branch of the federal government which ought to be dependent on the people alone. To have reduced the different qualifications in the different States to one uniform rule, would probably have been as dissatisfactory to some of the States as it would have been difficult to the convention", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nThe provision made by the convention appears, therefore, to be the best that lay within their option. It must be satisfactory to every State, because it is conformable to the standard already established, or which may be established, by the State itself", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nIt will be safe to the United States, because, being fixed by the State constitutions, it is not alterable by the State governments, and it cannot be feared that the people of the States will alter this part of their constitutions in such a manner as to abridge the rights secured to them by the federal Constitution.", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nThe qualifications of the elected, being less carefully and properly defined by the State constitutions, and being at the same time more susceptible of uniformity, have been very properly considered and regulated by the convention", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nA representative of the United States must be of the age of twenty-five years; must have been seven years a citizen of the United States; must, at the time of his election, be an inhabitant of the State he is to represent; and, during the time of his service, must be in no office under the United States", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nUnder these reasonable limitations, the door of this part of the federal government is open to merit of every description, whether native or adoptive, whether young or old, and without regard to poverty or wealth, or to any particular profession or religious faith.", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nThe term for which the representatives are to be elected falls under a second view which may be taken of this branch. In order to decide on the propriety of this article, two questions must be considered: first, whether biennial elections will, in this case, be safe; secondly, whether they be necessary or useful.", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nAs it is essential to liberty that the government in general should have a common interest with the people, so it is particularly essential that the branch of it under consideration should have an immediate dependence on, and an intimate sympathy with, the people. Frequent elections are unquestionably the only policy by which this dependence and sympathy can be effectually secured", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nBut what particular degree of frequency may be absolutely necessary for the purpose, does not appear to be susceptible of any precise calculation, and must depend on a variety of circumstances with which it may be connected. Let us consult experience, the guide that ought always to be followed whenever it can be found.", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nThe scheme of representation, as a substitute for a meeting of the citizens in person, being at most but very imperfectly known to ancient polity, it is in more modern times only that we are to expect instructive examples. And even here, in order to avoid a research too vague and diffusive, it will be proper to confine ourselves to the few examples which are best known, and which bear the greatest analogy to our particular case", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nThe first to which this character ought to be applied, is the House of Commons in Great Britain. The history of this branch of the English Constitution, anterior to the date of Magna Charta, is too obscure to yield instruction. The very existence of it has been made a question among political antiquaries. The earliest records of subsequent date prove that parliaments were to sit only every year; not that they were to be elected every year", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nAnd even these annual sessions were left so much at the discretion of the monarch, that, under various pretexts, very long and dangerous intermissions were often contrived by royal ambition. To remedy this grievance, it was provided by a statute in the reign of Charles II., that the intermissions should not be protracted beyond a period of three years", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nOn the accession of William III., when a revolution took place in the government, the subject was still more seriously resumed, and it was declared to be among the fundamental rights of the people, that parliaments ought to be held frequently", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nBy another statute, which passed a few years later in the same reign, the term \u201cfrequently,\u2019 which had alluded to the triennial period settled in the time of Charles II., is reduced to a precise meaning, it being expressly enacted that a new parliament shall be called within three years after the termination of the former. The last change, from three to seven years, is well known to have been introduced pretty early in the present century, under an alarm for the Hanoverian succession", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nFrom these facts it appears that the greatest frequency of elections which has been deemed necessary in that kingdom, for binding the representatives to their constituents, does not exceed a triennial return of them", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nAnd if we may argue from the degree of liberty retained even under septennial elections, and all the other vicious ingredients in the parliamentary constitution, we cannot doubt that a reduction of the period from seven to three years, with the other necessary reforms, would so far extend the influence of the people over their representatives as to satisfy us that biennial elections, under the federal system, cannot possibly be dangerous to the requisite dependence of the House of Representatives on their constituents.", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nElections in Ireland, till of late, were regulated entirely by the discretion of the crown, and were seldom repeated, except on the accession of a new prince, or some other contingent event. The parliament which commenced with George II. was continued throughout his whole reign, a period of about thirty-five years", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nThe only dependence of the representatives on the people consisted in the right of the latter to supply occasional vacancies, by the election of new members, and in the chance of some event which might produce a general new election. The ability also of the Irish parliament to maintain the rights of their constituents, so far as the disposition might exist, was extremely shackled by the control of the crown over the subjects of their deliberation", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nOf late, these shackles, if I mistake not, have been broken; and octennial parliaments have besides been established. What effect may be produced by this partial reform, must be left to further experience. The example of Ireland, from this view of it, can throw but little light on the subject", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nAs far as we can draw any conclusion from it, it must be that if the people of that country have been able under all these disadvantages to retain any liberty whatever, the advantage of biennial elections would secure to them every degree of liberty, which might depend on a due connection between their representatives and themselves.", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nLet us bring our inquiries nearer home. The example of these States, when British colonies, claims particular attention, at the same time that it is so well known as to require little to be said on it. The principle of representation, in one branch of the legislature at least, was established in all of them. But the periods of election were different. They varied from one to seven years", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nHave we any reason to infer, from the spirit and conduct of the representatives of the people, prior to the Revolution, that biennial elections would have been dangerous to the public liberties", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\n? The spirit which everywhere displayed itself at the commencement of the struggle, and which vanquished the obstacles to independence, is the best of proofs that a sufficient portion of liberty had been everywhere enjoyed to inspire both a sense of its worth and a zeal for its proper enlargement. This remark holds good, as well with regard to the then colonies whose elections were least frequent, as to those whose elections were most frequent", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nVirginia was the colony which stood first in resisting the parliamentary usurpations of Great Britain; it was the first also in espousing, by public act, the resolution of independence. In Virginia, nevertheless, if I have not been misinformed, elections under the former government were septennial", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nThis particular example is brought into view, not as a proof of any peculiar merit, for the priority in those instances was probably accidental; and still less of any advantage in septennial elections, for when compared with a greater frequency they are inadmissible; but merely as a proof, and I conceive it to be a very substantial proof, that the liberties of the people can be in no danger from biennial elections.", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nThe conclusion resulting from these examples will be not a little strengthened by recollecting three circumstances. The first is, that the federal legislature will possess a part only of that supreme legislative authority which is vested completely in the British Parliament; and which, with a few exceptions, was exercised by the colonial assemblies and the Irish legislature", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nIt is a received and well-founded maxim, that where no other circumstances affect the case, the greater the power is, the shorter ought to be its duration; and, conversely, the smaller the power, the more safely may its duration be protracted", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nIn the second place, it has, on another occasion, been shown that the federal legislature will not only be restrained by its dependence on the people, as other legislative bodies are, but that it will be, moreover, watched and controlled by the several collateral legislatures, which other legislative bodies are not", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nAnd in the third place, no comparison can be made between the means that will be possessed by the more permanent branches of the federal government for seducing, if they should be disposed to seduce, the House of Representatives from their duty to the people, and the means of influence over the popular branch possessed by the other branches of the government above cited", "FEDERALIST 52: Concerning the House of Representatives, with a View to the Qualifications of the Electors and Elected, and the Time of Service of the Members\nWith less power, therefore, to abuse, the federal representatives can be less tempted on one side, and will be doubly watched on the other."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gene-Sarazen

Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica

["Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica\nGene Sarazen\nAmerican golfer\nAlternative Titles: Eugene Saraceni, Eugenio Saraceni\nGene Sarazen, byname of Eugene Saraceni, (born February 27, 1902, Harrison, New York, U.S.\u2014died May 13, 1999, Naples, Florida), prominent American professional golfer of the 1920s and \u201930s. His double eagle\u2014i.e., his score of three strokes under par\u2014on the par-five 15th hole in the last round of the 1935 Masters Tournament is one of the most famous shots in the history of the game.", "Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica\nBorn to impoverished Italian immigrants, Sarazen began caddying when he was eight. He won the U.S. Open in 1922 and in 1932, also winning the British Open (Open Championship) in 1932. He won the Professional Golfers\u2019 Association of America (PGA) championship three times (1922, 1923, and 1933) and the Masters Tournament in 1935. With that victory at the Masters, he became the first player to achieve a career Grand Slam in golf (that is, winning the U.S", "Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica\nOpen, the Open Championship, the PGA Championship, and the Masters Tournament during one\u2019s career, a feat only Jack Nicklaus, Ben Hogan, Gary Player, and Tiger Woods have since achieved). Sarazen also played on six consecutive Ryder Cup teams.", "Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica\nIt was Sarazen who invented the golf club known as the sand wedge. This specialized club allows golfers to more easily hit out of sand traps (bunkers). The introduction of the sand wedge to the game lowered scores and eventually led to the redesign of many golf courses in order to keep them at their previous level of difficulty.", "Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica\nAfter retiring from active competition in 1973, Sarazen worked to promote the game of golf and wrote numerous books on the subject. His autobiography, Thirty Years of Championship Golf, was published in 1950.\nU.S. Open, one of the world\u2019s major golf tournaments, open to both amateur and professional golfers (hence the name). It has been held annually since 1895 under supervision of the United States Golf Association (USGA).\u2026", "Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica\nBritish Open, one of the world\u2019s four major golf tournaments\u2014with the Masters Tournament, the U.S. Open, and the Professional Golfers\u2019 Association (PGA) Championship\u2014and the oldest continually run championship in the sport. Best known outside the United States as the Open Championship or, simply,\u2026", "Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica\nProfessional Golfers\u2019 Association of America (PGA of America), organization formed in the United States in 1916 at the instigation of Rodman Wanamaker, a Philadelphia businessman, with the stated purpose of promoting interest in professional golf, elevating the standards of the game, and advancing the welfare of its members. By the\u2026", "Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica\nPGA Championship, one of the world\u2019s four major golf tournaments (along with the Masters Tournament, the U.S. Open, and the British Open [officially the Open Championship]). Run by the Professional Golfers\u2019 Association of America (PGA of America), it is a major media event played on a different American course each\u2026", "Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica\nMasters Tournament, invitational golf tournament held annually since 1934 from Thursday through Sunday during the first full week of April at the private Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. The tournament was conceived by American golfer Bobby Jones. It is considered one of the four \u201cmajors\u201d\u2014the other major golf\u2026\nWorld Golf Hall of Fame - Biography of Gene Sarazen\nFairField Museum - Biography of Gene Sarazen\nNational Italian American Sports Hall of Fame - Biography of Gene Sarazen", "Gene Sarazen | PGA Champion, Masters Winner, U.S. Open Winner | Britannica\nGene Sarazen - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)\nHarrison, New York\nMasters Tournament (1935)\nPGA Championship (1933)\nU.S. Open (1932)\nBritish Open (1932)\nByron Nelson\nLee Trevino\nWalter Hagen\nMike Tyson, American boxer who, at age 20, became the youngest heavyweight champion in history. A member\u2026\nLionel Messi, Argentine-born football (soccer) player who was named F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football\u2026"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.eskenazihealth.edu/news/fa-wilhelm-wins-package-that-includes-parking-garage-plans-to-achieve-city-goals-for-minority-women-and-veteran-owned-business-participation

FA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation - Eskenazi Health

["FA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation - Eskenazi Health\nFA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation\nWishard awarded the initial construction bid package on the project to build a new Wishard \u2013 a hospital for all of Indianapolis \u2013 to FA Wilhelm Construction Company, Inc. on Tuesday, Feb. 16. The package also includes construction of site utilities.", "FA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation - Eskenazi Health\n\"We are ecstatic to be able to find the lowest responsive bidder right here in Indianapolis, where this project can serve the community right now in the form of jobs and economic development,\" said Matthew Gutwein, President and CEO of Health and Hospital Corporation, which operates Wishard.", "FA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation - Eskenazi Health\nWilhelm and its subcontractors will begin construction in April and plan to complete the package in January, 2012. The local firm, headquartered just east of downtown Indianapolis on Prospect Street, will work with City of Indianapolis-certified minority-, women- and veteran-owned businesses to achieve a participation level that meets Wishard\u2019s goals for the project.", "FA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation - Eskenazi Health\n\"We know that Indianapolis is home to many great companies, so it\u2019s no surprise that a strong local firm like FA Wilhelm is able to provide the best overall package, including one that creates jobs right here in Indianapolis, and one built to achieve minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation levels at or above the City\u2019s own goals,\" said Mayor Gregory Ballard.", "FA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation - Eskenazi Health\nWilhelm plans to subcontract with several businesses which are certified with the City, at levels of 15.6 percent for minority-owned businesses, 8 percent for women-owned and 3.2 percent for veteran-owned firms. The package, at $27.5 million, is well within Wishard\u2019s budget for the package and in keeping with the project mandate to be on-budget and on-time.", "FA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation - Eskenazi Health\n\"This contract is another key component to meeting our goal to build a hospital for the people of Indianapolis, by the people of Indianapolis,\" said Dr. Lisa Harris, CEO and Medical Director of Wishard Health Services. \"Wishard is its people, and the new hospital will be founded as much on the hard work of the men and women who build it as those who will staff it and those it will serve.\"", "FA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation - Eskenazi Health\nThe six-level, cast-in-place, post-tensioned concrete garage is at the center of the package, which also includes an element of site utilities construction. The garage will be used for the parking of patient, staff and visitor vehicles at the new Wishard, and it will stand immediately adjacent to the new hospital to maximize convenience and accessibility for patients, visitors and staff. The total parking space in this garage is equivalent to about 18 football fields.", "FA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation - Eskenazi Health\n\"Parking is a challenge now and its level of availability will continue to fluctuate during construction, so we are addressing that right away with the construction of this parking garage,\" Harris said. \"Our goals of efficiency also encompass design, as the garage will utilize an open-core light well to provide natural light and ventilation.\"\nThe project to construct a new Wishard will create 4,400 jobs and will transform the landscape of health care in Indianapolis.", "FA Wilhelm wins package that includes parking garage, plans to achieve City goals for minority-, women- and veteran-owned business participation - Eskenazi Health\nMarion County voters approved construction of a new Wishard in the Nov. 3 election, with 85 percent support for the measure, and Wishard began work immediately. Wishard plans to complete the new facility at the end 2013.\nTo learn more about the construction project, visit www.TheNewWishard.org.\nContact: Michelle O'Keefe\nPager: 317-310-5973\n$754 Million Hospital Project\u2019s 2010 Groundbreaking Drew Community's Most Respected Leaders, Progressing on Schedule, Under Budget and Ahead of Participation Goals"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.electricscotland.com/gardening/plantlife/chapter6.htm

Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain Summits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits

["Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nPlant Life in the Scottish Highlands\nPlants of the High Mountain Summits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nOTHER DWELLERS ON THE HIGHEST SUMMITS", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nWe have almost completed our survey of the dwellers on the highest summits and have described all the more important members of the high alpine flora of the Highlands. We are left with a few plants, rather less interesting perhaps than those we have already described, but that is no reason why we should pass them over. All plants, even the most humble, are worth studying and we shall find that the few remaining species merit our attention.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThey are the Rock Whitlow-grass (Draba rupestris), one of the Cruciferous family found very rarely n the rock crevices of some of our highest mountains; Dwarf Cudweed (Gnaphalium supine), a very common alpine belonging to the great Composite family; Alpine Forget-me-not (Myosotis alpestris), a very beautiful, but very rare species and the only representative of its family in our mountain floral Snow Gentian (Gentiana nivalis), the only Gentian to be found in our mountains although other species occur in the Lowlands; four species of Pearl-wort (Sagina); three species of Speedwell (Veronica); and certain species of grasses, sedges and rushes.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe mountain climber who finds this delightful and exquisite little plant can think himself very luck for it is indeed very rare. As one might expect, that mountain of rarities, Ben Lawers, is one of its stations, whilst the only other spot where it ahs been found is in the wild, rock fastness at the head of Glen Isle. Unfortunately, it is a decreasing species and the day is probably not far off when we shall have to efface if from our flora as an extinct species", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nWhy it should be so rare is difficult to say for it is a fairly common species in most of the European mountains. Probably changing climatic conditions have a lot to do with it and it may have been much more common in the past.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nNo one who has not seen the Snow Gentian in its natural surroundings can even imagine how intensely blue the flowers really are. I will not try to compare this tiny gentian with the beautiful Spring Gentian of the Swiss Alps, and its many beautiful relatives that make the Swiss meadows such a blaze of colour. Nevertheless, our little gentian, although very rare, is an exquisite representative of its family.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nWe have read of the intense colouring of alpine flowers and especially of the brilliant blues of the gentians, and some of us have perhaps wondered, what can be the reason for this. This is a question which has not yet been satisfactorily answered. It may be due to the great intensity of sunlight in alpine situations or it may be a special adaptation to aid cross-pollination by insect means", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nWe know that, under suitable conditions, intense illumination has the effect of making the chlorophyll of leaves a much brighter green, and in the same way those flowers whose pigments are in the form of granules in specialized cells as is the chlorophyll in the leaves, may be affected. On the other hand, most blue-flower colours are due to pigment dissolved in the sap, and are unaffected by light intensity.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nAgain, many flowers are highly specialized for certain insects and are colored so as to attract the particular insect needed to effect cross pollination. Blue is the colour of flowers that are usually highly specialized for pollination by bees and depend almost entirely on these insects. The Snow Gentian, like all blue gentians, is in this class", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIn the high regions, where it grows, insects are not very numerous and it may be that in order to make sure of being visited, the gentians have intensified the blue of their petals to make them much more conspicuous. This seems the likely explanation.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe Snow Gentian is a very small plant, often only one inch tall and seldom more than four. It is very peculiar among alpine plants in being an annual, which probably accounts for the fact that it does not flower till the end of the summer. The seeds must wait until the snows have cleared in the late spring or even early summer before germinating the plant must then produce roots, stems, leaves and flowers before the end of August", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIt could hardly get through its life cycle more quickly and so flowering is late. This also helps to account for the smallness of the plant.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nEach plant consists of a single, very slender stem which is not branched in the smaller specimens, but may be branched once or twice in the larger specimens. The stem and branches are clothed with a few small, pointed, opposite leaves and are each terminated by a small solitary flower.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe flower is shaped like a narrow bell, the petals being united for three-quarters of their length. The upper free portion is bent at right angles to the tube, so that from above the flower has the appearance of a five-pointed star. The five stamens spring from the base of the tube and their filaments are quite free from one another. Their anthers, however, are united in to a ring which almost closes the entrance to the tube", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThis anther ring embraces the lower part of the style, whilst above it project the two stigmas. The nectaries are placed at the base of the ovary, which is situated at the bottom of the bell. Only cleared in the late spring and even early summer before germinating; the plant must then produce roots, stems, leaves and flowers before the end of August. It could hardly get through its life cycle more quickly and so flowering is late. This also helps to account for the smallness of the plant.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe flower is shaped like a narrow bell, the petals being united for three-quarters of their length. The upper free portion is bent at right angles to the tube, so that from above the flower has the appearance of a five-pointed star. The five stamens spring from the base of the tube and their filaments are quite free from one another. Their anthers, however, are united into a ring which almost closes the entrance to the tube", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThis anther ring embraces the lower part of the style, whilst above it project the two stigmas. The nectaries are placed at the base of the ovary, which is situated at the bottom of the bell. Only an insect such as a bee or butterfly with a long, fine tongue can reach this nectar.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nWhen a bee arrives upon a young flower, it pushes it tongue down among the stamen filaments to reach the nectaries and receives the pollen on its head and upper tongue. ON leaving it probably leaves a little pollen on the stigma, but, as this is not receptive until all the pollen is shed, self-fertilization does not take place. On going to an older bloom in which the stamens have withered, the bee leaves some pollen on the now receptive stigma and thus cross-pollination is ensured.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nWe have already spoken of the bright colouring of this gentian, but to see it one must go on a sunny day. Whenever the sun is coveted and there is danger of rain the flower closes by twisting its petals into a spiral. So sensitive is this flower to change of light intensity, that the passage of a cloud across the sun is the signal for it to close. On a cloudy day it may thus open and shut many times. When the flower is fertilized the bloom fades and a capsule containing many small, light seeds if formed", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThis plant is a close relative of the Spring Whitlow-grass which is so common in the Lowlands in early spring. It has a short tufted stem surmounted by man y short, narrow leaves which are slightly toothed and are covered with a few silky hairs. The stock sends up a short, fine flower-stalk which is terminated by a few small, white flowers. They have, as in all crucifers, six stamens, four of them being long and two short", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe stigma matures with the anthers and the long stamens shed their pollen on it, thus self-fertilizing the bloom. The plant, however, does not depend altogether on self-fertilized seeds and secretes nectar at the base of the two short stamens. Bees visit the flowers for nectar and transfer some pollen from the short stamens to the stigma of the next flower they visit. Thus some cross-fertilization seed is set to save the plant from degenerating.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThis little plant is also very rare and must be searched for with diligence. It can be found on several spots on Ben Lawers, very rarely on Cairngorm, on Ben Dothaid in Argyllshire, not far from Glen Orchy, and on Ben Hope in Sutherland. It is a member of the Arctic flora and its Scottish stations mark its most southern limits.\nDwarf Cudweed (Gnaphalium supine)", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThis plant is very small, but as it forms large colonies it is quite a conspicuous features of the dry rocks and the screes that it loves. It has short stock covered with the withered leaves of other years; above this are crowded many linear leaves which have a grayish hue. This is caused by the dense covering of cottony hairs which hide the real green of the leaf. Like many plants growing in very dry places it has developed thick hairs to cover the stomata and cut down transpiration to the minimum", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nNot only the leaves, but the flower stock and bracts all have the same covering, so urgent is the need to conserved the water supply. This plant has several close relatives in the Lowlands, all of them possessing the same hairy coat. It is a humble relative of the Edelweiss of the Swiss Alps in which the hairy coat has been taken to an extreme.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nFrom among the leaves arises a short flower stalk surmounted by four or five brownish heads of flowers. These are composed of many small florets. This plant is a composite and its fertilization will be dealt with in an ensuing chapter.\nIt is widely distributed, being found over a wide degree of altitude. I have found it at 1,600 feet on the shores of Loch Einich and at 4,000 feet on Cairngorm and Ben Nevis.\nAlpine Forget-me-not (Myosotis alpestris)", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThis is one of our most exquisite British plants and its heavenly blue flowers remind one of southern skies or the azure waters of the Mediterranean. Its blooms are much larger than those of the Forget-me-nots of the Lowlands.\nThe short stock is crowned by several shortly stalked leaves, which are covered with one, rough hairs on both surfaces. It sends up a long flower-stalk which has several leaves upon it. It is also roughly hairy and is surmounted by a small cyme of large, very bright, blue flowers.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nEach flower is tubular and has a bright yellow ring around the entrance to the tube. This acts as a honey guide to insect visitors. Each petal has a small scale on it, just below the ring. This protects the anthers from rain. A bee, arriving on the bright blue platform and pushing its tongue down between the anthers and stigma to reach the nectarines, will leave some pollen on the stigma. Thus the flower is pollinated", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nAt the same time the bee\u2019s tongue will touch the anthers and thus fresh pollen will be taken to the next flower visited. Failing insect aid the stamens shed their pollen on the stigma and self-fertilize the blooms.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThis lovely flower is unfortunately exceedingly rare in our mountains, being confined to the summit of Ben Lawers. Strangely enough it appears again on Mickle Fell in Teesdale and nowhere else in Britain, although it is fairly common inmost of the European mountain ranges.\nALPINE SPEEDWELLS", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe Scottish Highlands possess three Alpine Speedwells, two of them very rare plants and one very common and well distributed. They are the Alpine Speedwell (Veronica alpina), the Rock Speedwell (V. fruticans) and Veronica humifusa.\nAlpine Speedwell (Veronica alpina)", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThis little alpine has a short creeping stock, which sends up weak, leafy branches, which usually creep over the rocks where this plant is found. They never branch, and are usually from two to five inches long and slightly hairy. The leaves are oval and of a very deep green. At the summit of the branch is a raceme of four or five rather small, very deep blue flowers.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe flowers are pollinated by hover-flies. There are only two stamens which are found to the left and to the right of the pistil. In the young flowers the stamens are curved downwards so that the anthers are held in the tube of the corolla. The stigma protrudes well in front of the flower on a long curved style. As a hover-fly sucks the nectar the under part of its body touches the stigma", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIn older flowers the style bends down out of the way, and the two stamens take up their positions in such a fashion that their anthers are in the position originally held by the stigma. A hover-fly visiting such a flower will be dusted with pollen underneath, just where the stigma of a younger flower is sure to touch it.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIf insects do not visit the flowers, the stigma remains in position and will be pollinated by its own stamens when they take up their position. Thus some seeds will always be set.\nThis plant is to be found along the sides of streams and among damp rocks on most of the highest summits of the Cairngorms, the Clova mountains, the Perthshire mountains and the Ben Nevis range.\nRock Speedwell (Veronica fruticans)", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThis speedwell has much the same habit as the Alpine Speedwell but the stock is usually woody, while the branches and leaves are completely glabrous.\nThe flowers are rather large and of a very bright blue with a white eye, which surrounds the entrance to the tube and forms a honey guide. It is also pollinated by hover-flies.\nIt is found in drier situations than the preceding, but only at very high altitudes on the mountains of Perthshire and more abundantly in the Clova and Glen Isle area.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nVeronica humifusa\nThis plant is a close relative of the lowland Thyme-leaved Speedwell (V. serphyllifolia) and is well distributed throughout the Highlands, occurring on most of the higher mountains, especially on the damper rocks and slopes.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe plant sends out short, creeping stems which are much branched and form dense leafy tufts, and this forms the perennial portion of the plant. The flowering branches are erect and are from two to five inches in height. They distinguish the plant from V. serphyllifolia", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nas they are usually downy, whereas in that species the whole plant is glabrous. They are clothed with alternate, stalkless, ovate leaves which resemble those on the creeping stems, but are rather smaller. They are quite smooth with a crenate border.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe flowers are produced singly on very short pedicels in the axils of all the upper leaves. They are very small and of a pale blue or white colour with darker violet veins which function as honey-guides. Small bees and flies visit the flowers, but as they are so inconspicuous their visits are irregular and self-fertilization often takes place.\nTHE ALPINE PEARLWORTS", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nWe have four Pearlworts which may be found in the Scottish alpine regions. Three of them, Sagina saginoides, S. scotia and S. nivalis, are typical alpine plants, but the fourth S. procumbent, although common many of the highest mountains, is actually a lowland plant. As it is much more likely to be found than the others and is easily confused with them, it is better to deal with it here.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nAs the Procumbent Pearlwort is familiar to so many people a long description might seem out of place, but its smallness makes it a difficult plant to examine properly. It is a perennial plant only one or two inches high. It has a very short main stem giving rise to many spreading branches which give the plant a very tufted appearance. It usually grows in crevices of rocks and among stones so that the stem is hidden from view", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe stock is usually crowned by a tuft of small, awl-shaped leaves which appear glaborous, but are often covered with a very short down. The stems are clothed by similar pairs of shorter laves whose bases are joined by a tiny, membranaceous sheath. From the axils of the upper leaves rise single, very slender pedicels which are terminated by a solitary, very small flower.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe parts of the flower are in fours and this distinguishes it from the other alpine species. The four green, narrow sepals are only one-twelfth of an inch in length, whilst the minute, white petals are still shorter or are often completely absent. Within are four stamens with short filaments and very tiny, yellow anthers. The tiny round ovary is terminated by four spreading styles.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe anthers and stigmas mature together and are so near to each other that self-fertilization usually takes place. In spite of the minute size of the flowers, tiny drops of nectar are secreted at the bases of the sepals. This probably attracts very small insects as thrips, aphides, ants and flies which are often found upon the plants. These may occasionally cross-pollinate the flowers.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe next species S. saginoides (S. Linnaei) is a much rarer plant and only to be found on rocky ledges and stony debris near the summits of Ben Lawers, Ben More and other high Perthshire and Argyll mountains, on most of the cairngorms, on the Ben Nevis and towards sea-level in Sutherland.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIt is very similar in habit to S. procumbent, but its spreading branches often take root where they touch the soil and give rise to new whorls of branches. Hence it forms low, dense, cushion-like tufts which are very bright green in colour. The five petals are nearly as long as the five sepals, whilst there are ten stamens and a five-styled ovary. It is distinguished from S", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nnivalis by the fact that the pedicels are curved during the flowering period, but becomes erect in fruit, whilst in the latter the pedicels are always erect.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nS.scotica closely resembles the preceding and is often confused with it, but its petals are larger than the sepals and the plant is completely glabrous. It is confined to precipices and grassy alps of the Perthshire and neighboring Argyll mountains, and also Clova.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe remaining species S. nivalis is one of the rarest alpine plants and is only to be found near the summit of the Ben Lawers and Am Biennien in Perthshire where is grows in rock fissures and on stony debris. It is a very densely tufted little plant, very similar to S. saginoides, but it has shorter petals and broader leaves.\nAlsine rubella", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThis tiny plant, a member of the Pink Family, is very rare in the Highlands, being confined to certain spots on the summits of the Breadalbane Mts., and on Ben Hope in Sutherlandshire.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIts rootstock is usually buried under a loose piece of rock, and its summit is covered by the old dead leaves. It gives rise to short, creeping branches, covered with small, awl-shaped leaves of a yellowish-green colour. Each plant produces sever, short, erect flowering stems, which are often one-flowered, but may produce three or four. The stalks are downy and thus protect the flowers against crawling insects", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe small, white flowers are inconspicuous and usually self-fertilized, although small flies visit them and may sometimes cross-pollinate them.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIt is a close relative of the Vernal Sandwort, which is much more common in the Lower mountain pastures.\nALPINE GRASSES, SEDGES AND RUSHES\nNo description of the Scottish alpine plants would be complete without some allusion to the numerous grasses, sedges, and rushes which make up so large a part of our mountain vegetation.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe grasses are especially abundant and owe this to their prolific yield of seed, their perennial habit and their production of runners and offsets, by which the plants reproduce themselves and colonize huge areas.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe underground stems, rich in stored food substances, allow the plant to commence its growth as soon as the weather permits in the spring. These stems branch and send off runners which root a the nodes and produce daughter plants. One plant can thus colonize a large area, whilst their close matted roots and their large tufts of leaves make it difficult for other plants and seedlings on the frontier areas", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nTheir inconspicuous flowers, which are wind-pollinated and are thus independent of insects, produce abundant seed and as the stigmas mature before the stamens, cross-pollination is usually assured.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe grasses of the Scottish alps may be divided into two classes. In one we have the real alpine grasses which are only to be found in the higher pastures and do not descend far down the mountain-sides. A typical species is the Alpine Fescue Grass (Festuca alpina), which is actually an alpine variety of the very common Sheep\u2019s Fescue (F. ovina). It is a low, tufted, perennial grass with almost cylindrical leaves whose stomata are enclosed in the cylinder, and so excessive transpiration is checked", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe flowering spikes which only rise a few inches above the tuft of leaves do not often produce flowers. Instead the spike lets form small leafy shoots which drop off to from new plants. This is called vivipary and is explained by the short flowering season.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nFour members of the genus Poa are to be found in the alpine pastures. The Alpine Meadow- grass (Poa alpina) is another tufted grass in which the leaves are flat and the panicles resemble those of the ubiquitous Annual Meadow-grass, but the spikelets are as wide as they are long and are tinged with violet. They rarely produce seed, but become viviparous and form leafy shoots", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIt is rather a rare plant, but can be found on the higher mountains of Perthsire, the Cairngorms, the Ben Nevis range and again in Rosshire. The Glaucous Meadow-grass (P. glauca) is a rare plant confined to lofty mountains such as Ben Lawers, the Clova mountains and Ben Nevis. It is a slightly creeping plant with smooth, narrow, glaucous leaves of a bluish-green colour. It has a very slender panicle of very small spike lets which are also of bluish-green colour", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nAnother species, Poa Balfourii, is also very rare in the high mountains of Perthsire, Angus, Inverness-shire and Argyll. It is very similar to the preceding, but its leaves are not glaucous and the small spike lets are often covered with tiny, cottony hairs. The remaining species, Wavy Meadow-grass (P. laxa), is closely allied to the Alpine Meadow-grass, and although found on Lochnagar and Ben Nevis, is very rarely discovered", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nTwo other rare grasses complete the list of our real alpine grasses.One, the Alpine Cat\u2019s-tail (Phleum alpinum), is to be found on wet, rocky ledges and damp slopes on the higher mountains of Perthshire, Angus, the Cairngorms and the Ben Nevis range. It is a perennial of low stature and the solitary stem is terminated by a short, dense spike of purplish spike lets, the glumes of which have very short, bristle-like awns.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe other species, the Alpine Fox-tail (Alopecurus alpines), is a very rare plant and confined to wet alpine slopes on Braeriach, Ben Macdhui and Ben Nevis. It has an erect, leafy stem arising from a creeping rhizome. The flower spike is short and dense and softly silky because of the long hairs which cover the glumes.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe second class of grasses found in the alpine pastures and usually forming the larger portion of the sward, are lowland grasses which climb up the mountains to great heights and are quiet at home in their elevated habitat.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nA common species is the Sweet Vernal-grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum). It is a rather slender grass with perfectly smooth leaves, and the flowering stems are terminated by a dense spike of brownish spike lets. It is distinguished from all other grasses by its aromatic smell which it imparts to the hay, giving it its sweet perfume.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nAnother common grass is the Wavy Hair-grass (Deschampsia flexuousa), or rather its variety montana. It is a rather fine plant producing a tuft of rolled up cylindrical leaves. It may be distinguished by the fact that the slender branches of the panicle are wavy, whilst the spike lets are a bright, shiny brown in colour.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe Purple Molina (Molinia caerulea) is an abundant grass in the wetter moorland areas and often climbs up into the alpine zone. It is a coarse, stiff plant, forming dense tussocks. The panicle is long and narrow with erect branches and tiny spike lets which are usually purplish in hue.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe Mat Grass (Nardus stricta) is a common mountain grass and may be known by its densely tufted habit and its very stiff, bristle-like leaves. The very slender spike is characteristic as it consists of several, small spike lets arranged in two rows on one side of the axis.\nThe Scottish alps are not wholly composed of species of grasses, as a number of similar plants belonging to the Sedge Family (Cyperaceae) are to be found, often in abundance, in the alpine pastures.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe sedges belong mainly to the huge genus Carex, which contains over seventy-five British species. I will not attempt to describe all the sedges to be found on the Scottish mountain sides, but I will mention the more interesting alpine species of which there are about twelve.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe sedges heave their flowers united into shapely conical or cylindrical spikes of very compact structure. The individual flowers are unisexual, that is, they contain either stamens only or a pistol only. They consist of a small green or brown bract, in the axil of which we find three stamens on weak filaments, or an ovoid ovary surmounted by two or three stigmas.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIn some cases only one spike is produced, with the male flowers at the top, and the female ones below. In most cases, however, several spikes are produced, each of which has the flowers arranged as in the solitary spiked type, or the upper spikes are wholly male and the lower ones are wholly female.\nThe flowers are pollinated by the wind, hence no nectar is produced and the stigmas are feathery so as to present a large surface to the pollen-laden wind.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe sedges usually have an underground, creeping stem sending up leaves and flower stalks each year. The plants can be distinguished from grasses by the fact that the flowers are all unisexual and flower stem is three-sided. The leaves are usually harder and stiffer in texture, the plants forming dense, low colonies.\nSeveral of the alpine species are very rare and are confined to the rocky ledges of precipices, but they help to make up the fascinating alpine flora of our Scottish mountains.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe first two species I shall deal with are the Rock Sedge (Carex rupestris) and C. microglochin. They both belong to the solitary spiked type. The former is very rare and local, but has been found from time to time on the mountains of Perthshire, Angus and Aberdeenshire. It has a very short spike, less than one inch in length and it is dark brown in colour. C. microglochin is confined to the Ben Lawers area and has a tiny spike less than half an inch in length, of a bright brown colour.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe next two species have several spikes, each of which has both male and female flowers, the latter having only two stigmas. C. lagopina is a very rare species which was once found on Lochnagar, and may be found still on wet rocks on Cairn Toul and in one or two of the Cairngorm corries. It has three or four oval-shaped spikes very close together and of a brownish-green colour. C. canescens is a fairly common plant in lowland bogs, but it has an alpine variety alpicola", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIt has three or four small spikes at a distance from one another and of a pale green colour. It is fairly well distributed on the higher mountains.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThree species are found with a mixed terminal spike, with the male flowers at the base, and two or three lower spikes in which all the flowers are female with three stigmas. They are C. alpina, a very rare species to be found in the Ben Lawers area and in Clova, with ovoid and black or very dark brown spikes and a green fruit; C", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\natrata is a rather more common species, occurring on the higher mountains of Perthshire and Clova, the Cairngorms, Inverness-shire and Argyll, with black or dark brown cylindrical spikes and dark, shiny fruits; and C. atrofusca, a very rare species found on Ben Lawers, with a male terminal spike and female lower spikes in which the glumes are dark purple with a pale midrib.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nIn the remaining six species, the upper one or two spikes are male the lower ones female. C. saxatilis is another rare species confined to the stony summits of Perthshire, Inverness-shire, Argyll, Skye and Ross. It possesses a creeping, underground rhizome and above ground scaly runners with terminate in tufts of leaves. The female spikes are dark brown, the flowers possessing two stigmas. This distinguishes it from the following species. It includes a closely-related plant known as C. Grahami", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nA more common plant, C. rigida, is found on Ben Lawers, the Cairngorms, Ben Nevis, as well as on most other high mountains. It is scarcely six inches high, with flat, very rigid leaves. The glumes are dark brown or black with a green midrib, whilst the female flowers have but two, not three, stigmas.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nOur last three species all have three stigmas. C. Sadleri is a small tufted species with long, flat, broad, radical leaves and four to six rich, dark brown spikes. It may be distinguished by its long two-pronged fruit. It can only be found in Glen Callater in Aberdeenshire C. vaginata is a rare plant, but fairly well distributed on wet rock ledges on most of the higher mountains. It is a close relative of the lowland C. panicea, which it closely resembles. The last species, C", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nrariflora, is another very rare alpine confined to Ben Lawers, Clova and the Cairngorms. It can be found in alpine bogs, and may be distinguished by its dark brown glumes and the small female spikes which are only one-third of an inch in length and bear only six or eight flowers.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nBesides the grasses and sedges which make up so much of the Scottish alpine pastures, we have several alpine rushes which are to be found in wet places on many of our higher mountains.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe first to be described are wood-rushes belonging to the genus Luzula. They are the Spiked Wood-rush (L. spicata) and the Curved Wood-rush (L. arcuata). The former is fairly widely distributed. It is a densely-tufted plant with an underground creeping stem. The leaves are flat and finged with white cottony hairs. The flowers are produced in a dense, drooping spike nearly one inch in length in the axil of a leafy bract", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe other wood-rush is a much rarer plant. It is most frequent in the Cairngorms, but is also found on Ben Nevis and in Ross and Sutherland. It may be distinguished from the preceding by its almost cylindrical leaves without white hairs. The flowers are produced in a panicle of small clusters.", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nFour species of real Rushes (Juncus) are found in the alpine areas. J. castanets is a rare plant confined to wet places on the higher mountains of Perthsire, Angus, Inverness-shire and Argyll. The plants have a tuft of a few, grass-like, channelled leaves with one or two on the flowering stems. Each leaf ends in a fine cylindrical tip. The dark brown flowers are produced in terminal heads, which are solitary or in pairs, and are surrounded by numerous, leafy bracts which overtop them", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nThe commonest of the alpine rushes is J. trifidus, which is to be found on most of the higher Scottish mountains in gravelly and rocky places. It has an underground stem which creeps under the small stones and gives rise to many very slender wiry stems. The small, matted colonies of plants consist of withered stems, dead leaves and dust which gradually make up a soil for higher plants. They produce two or three very fine, cylindrical leaves which project above the stem like the prongs on a fork", "Plant Life in the Scottish Highlands - Plants of the High Mountain \r\nSummits (continued) -- Other Dweller of the Highest Summits\nOf the two other alpine rushes, J. biglumis is only found on Ben Lawers and one or two of the higher mountains of Argyll and Skye, whilst J. trilliums is a more common plant fairly well distributed on the higher mountains. They are very similar tufted plants with short, grass-like, radical leaves. The short stems are terminated by the flowers. In J. biglumis there are only two large, brown flowers in the axil of a short, leafy bract. In J"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://cinema.wisc.edu/blog/2015/09/22?page=14

Blog | Cinematheque

["Blog | Cinematheque\nThe UW Cinematheque is announcing a schedule change within its currently running \u2018Sunday Cinematheque at the Chazen: Universal \u201871\u2019 series. After confirming a booking last fall, Universal Pictures has discovered that their 35mm print of Red Sky at Morning is in deteriorating condition and cannot be loaned for our screening, originally scheduled for March 29", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIn place of Red Sky at Morning, Universal is making available a 35mm print of Clint Eastwood\u2019s directorial debut, Play Misty for Me, one of the few of Universal\u2019s low-budget slate in 1971 to turn a profit! The screening of Play Misty for Me will take place one week after the March 22 screening of The Beguiled, also starring Eastwood and directed by his mentor, Don Siegel, who appears as a bartender in Play Misty.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe screening of Play Misty for Me, on March 29 at 2 p.m., will be held in the auditorium at:\nChazen Museum of Art\nUSA | 1971 | 35mm | 102 min.\nDirector: Clint Eastwood\nCast: Clint Eastwood, Jessica Walter, Donna Mills", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIn his directorial debut, Eastwood plays an overnight jazz disc jockey who hooks up with one of his ardent fans (Walter), little knowing that she is dangerously possessive and homicidal. One of the few medium-budget movies produced at Universal in 1971 that went on to become a box office success, Play Misty for Me is a tightly crafted, unnerving thriller that was surely an influence on a number of movies to come, particularly Fatal Attraction (1987)", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWalter gives a memorably unhinged performance \u201cso creepy and sexually aggressive that she hardly worked again for years\u201d (Dave Kehr, Chicago Reader). Decades later, she became well-known as Arrested Development\u2019s matriarch, Lucille Bluth.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIn 1971, one of the great years in Hollywood history, Universal Pictures released a slate of high quality original productions with low-to-medium budgets that, collectively, went unmatched by any other studio\u2019s annual lineup during the early 1970s. Inspired by Columbia Pictures\u2019 success with Easy Rider, Universal provided full creative freedom to many up-and-coming directors like Peter Fonda, Clint Eastwood, Dennis Hopper, John Cassavetes, Milos Forman, and Monte Hellman", "Blog | Cinematheque\nMeanwhile, old Hollywood hands like Don Siegel and Robert Wise were encouraged to make daring stylistic choices. While critically acclaimed, few of the Universal \u201871 releases found wide acceptance from audiences at the time of their original release, though their reputation among cinephiles has grown steadily over the subsequent five decades. All of these selections will be shown in 35mm prints.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nTo read more about the series, go here.\nAll Cinematheque screenings are free and open to the public. Seating limited.\nhttps://youtu.be/9v-q7zr1oSY\nMatthew Connolly on WAR OF THE WORLDS (2005)", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThis essay on the 2005 blockbuster War of the Worlds, directed by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay by David Koepp, was written by Matthew Connolly, Teaching Assistant in the UW, Madison Communications Arts Department. A 35mm print of War of the Worlds will screen on Wednesday, March 11, at 3:30 p.m. in the Cinematheque's regular venue, 4070 Vilas Hall. The screening will be introduced by David Koepp, who will also participate in a post-screening discussion.", "Blog | Cinematheque\n\u201cNo scenes of beating up on New York. No destruction of famous landmarks. No shots of world capitals. No TV reporters saying what\u2018s going on. No shots of generals with big sticks pushing battleships around the map. Let\u2018s not see the war of the world. Let\u2018s see this guy\u2018s survival story.\u201d \u2013 David Koepp, describing the ground rules for adapting War of the Worlds, in The Los Angeles Times, May 8, 2005", "Blog | Cinematheque\nReleased four years after the September 11th attacks, War of the Worlds not only attempted to revive a somewhat moribund genre (as co-screenwriter David Koepp\u2019s above comments reflect) with a focus upon individualized experience over dog-eared clich\u00e9s. Steven Spielberg\u2019s adaptation of H.G. Wells\u2019s 1897 novel rethought these conventions to breathe new relevance into a genre that many felt had exhausted its potential to entertain the minute the Twin Towers plummeted into Lower Manhattan.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIndeed, Spielberg explicitly stated that a contemporary War of the Worlds should engage with the imagery of terrorist attacks that the genre had become inextricably bound up in in the days following September 11th. The director told the Los Angeles Times, \u201cI think 9/11 reinformed everything I\u2018m putting into War of the Worlds 2005. Just how we come together, how this nation unites in every known way to survive a foreign invader and a frontal assault", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWe now know what it feels like to be terrorized\u2026\u201d The 9/11 signifiers found throughout the film\u2014the ash and ripped paper floating through a decimated urban landscape; the hastily assembled collection of \u201cmissing\u201d signs strung on a fence after the aliens\u2019 attack\u2014provoked debate about whether the film proved provocative or exploitative, yet Spielberg saw no other way to tell Wells\u2019s story in a relevant and even responsible fashion", "Blog | Cinematheque\nPrior to the film\u2019s release, Spielberg stated simply to the Los Angeles Times that \u201c9/11 set the tone and made it worth my time and the audience\u2018s time to see this story treated in this way.\u201d", "Blog | Cinematheque\nNot that Paramount and DreamWorks (the film\u2019s co-financiers and distributors) supported the project due solely to its makers\u2019 topical ambitions. War of the Worlds came about in part due to the fortuitous holes in the schedules of its director, star, and one of the studios behind its production", "Blog | Cinematheque\nParamount originally planned on releasing the third installment of their highly successful Mission: Impossible franchise in the summer of 2005, but had to postpone the project until the following year after then-director Joe Carnahan left the project in July 2004. The studio had both a massive gap in their summer 2005 schedule and no project for Cruise, who was set to reprise his role as Ethan Hunt. Around the same time, Spielberg also found himself with delays", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe initial screenplay for Munich\u2014the filmmaker\u2019s other, more explicitly topical release in 2005\u2014had been given to playwright Tony Kushner for a rewrite, and hopes of reviving the long dormant Indiana Jones franchise halted when producer George Lucas expressed reservations about the script. In short, mid-2004 saw one of the world\u2019s biggest stars, most profitable directors, and largest studios with idle time and money on their hands.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nAfter Minority Report (2002), Spielberg and Cruise had previously agreed that War of the Worlds would be their next project together when both of their schedules opened up, and had even had a brainstorming session with Koepp in January 2004 about the screenplay. Agreeing to push forward with the project in mid-2004 seemingly solved everyone\u2018s problems: Cruise and Spielberg could pursue the script, and Paramount (along with DreamWorks, who joined the project along with Spielberg) had a summer blockbuster", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe sudden nature of the project\u2019s fruition, however, meant that Spielberg and company had roughly ten weeks of preproduction: a relatively brief amount of time to plan what would become a special-effects heavy, $132 million production. Shooting proved equally as tight, with production beginning in early November and scheduled for 75 days", "Blog | Cinematheque\nSpielberg worked to alleviate some of the pressures of this fast-paced shoot by storyboarding major sequences with computer animation, shooting key action sequences first so they could be immediately sent for post-production work to special effects house Industrial Light & Magic (ILM); and working with previous collaborators like cinematographer Janusz Kaminski, production designer Rick Carter, editor Michael Kahn, costume designer Joanna Johnston, and ILM visual effects supervisor Dennis Muren", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe film was ultimately ready for its June 29, 2005 release date, undoubtedly a comfort to Paramount studio executives who less than a year earlier had wondered if they would have any major blockbuster to offer during the summer months.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nAt the time of its release, however, the film proved notable for other\u2014and, for its star, more unfortunate\u2014reasons. The principal target of discussion (and derision) was Cruise\u2018s May 23, 2005 appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show, where Cruise rapturously proclaimed his love for new girlfriend Katie Holmes by jumping onto the set\u2019s couch and falling onto one knee. Cruise provoked additional skepticism amongst the press, however, by increasingly foregrounding his belief in Scientology", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe New York Times reported in March 2005 that Cruise had insisted on taking visiting executives of United International Pictures (the international distributor for War of the Worlds) on a personal tour of Los Angeles based Scientology facilities: a trip that caused chagrin amongst some attendees, who had to extend their planned stays especially for the visit", "Blog | Cinematheque\nHe also insisted upon sponsoring a Scientology tent on the War of the Worlds set, a potential violation of Universal Studios policy (where the film was shot) that Spielberg had to personally intervene on Cruise\u2018s behalf. These were among the less publicized moments", "Blog | Cinematheque\nCruise\u2019s discussions of his religion within the media took on increasingly hostile tones, with accusations that fellow Scientologist Brooke Shields violated the religion\u2018s principals by taking medication for post-partum depression and culminating in a terse interview with Matt Lauer over the efficacy of prescription drugs", "Blog | Cinematheque\nSpielberg defended Cruise multiple times throughout the build-up to War\u2019s release, even coming to Cruise\u2019s aid in a joint interview with German magazine Der Spiegel, comparing Cruise\u2019s Scientologist principles to his own work with the Shoah Foundation in promoting Holocaust awareness. (An executive at DreamWorks later deemed the comparison \u201cunfortunate\u201d).", "Blog | Cinematheque\nSuch eyebrow-raising antics did not stop War of the Worlds from receiving a generally warm reception from critics and a worldwide gross of almost $600 million", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIndeed, Cruise gives one of his best Hollywood leading-man performances, tamping down his irascible on-screen charm to foreground the resentments and failures of his Ray Ferrier, a mediocre divorced dad forced into parental duties when the extraterrestrial attacks occur while teenage son Robbie (Justin Chatwin) and young daughter Rachel (Dakota Fanning) visit him for the weekend", "Blog | Cinematheque\nAnchoring the film\u2019s bravura set pieces, Cruise\u2019s frequently bewildered and exhausted face acts as a highly effective stand-in for our own terror and curiosity as the aliens unleash a series of deadly attacks whose relentlessness becomes amplified by the screenplay\u2019s ruthless focus on Ray and his kids and Spielberg\u2019s astonishing control of cinematic pacing, suspense, and surprise", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWhat ultimately results is not merely a popcorn flick with a dash of topical relevance, but a thrilling reminder of how (at its best) blockbuster filmmaking can provide a large-scale forum to explore our collective fears and anxieties\u2014those queasy curiosities and unspoken fantasies best acknowledged in the communal darkness of the movie theater.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe UW Cinematheque is proud to welcome the accomplished and acclaimed screenwriter/director David Koepp to the UW Madison campus on March 11 and 12", "Blog | Cinematheque\nKoepp, a native of Pewaukee, Wisconsin, has contributed to the screenplays for numerous contemporary blockbusters, including four directed by Steven Spielberg (Jurassic Park (1993), The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), War of the Worlds (2005), and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)), three by Brian DePalma (Carlito\u2019s Way (1993), Mission: Impossible (1995), and Snake Eyes (1998)), David Fincher's Panic Room (2002), and Sam Raimi\u2019s Spider Man (2002)", "Blog | Cinematheque\nMore recently, he has penned the scripts for Ron Howards\u2019 Angels and Demons (2009) and Kenneth Branagh\u2019s Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014). In 1996, Koepp made his debut as writer/director with The Trigger Effect, and has since gone on to helm four other features: Stir of Echoes (1999), Secret Window (2004), Ghost Town (2008), Premium Rush (2013) and Mortdecai (2015).", "Blog | Cinematheque\nKoepp will join us to introduce two of the films he wrote, War of the Worlds and Ron Howard\u2019s The Paper (1994) on March 11. On March 12, he will present his delightful Ricky Gervais comedy, Ghost Town. Koepp will participate in post-screening discussions for all three programs.\nAll three screenings will be held at:\nWednesday, March 11, 3:30 p.m.\nDirector: Steven Spielberg\nCast: Tom Cruise, Dakota Fanning, Tim Robbins", "Blog | Cinematheque\nFaced with an invasion of well-armed aliens from outer space, working class divorced father Ray (Cruise) faces numerous deadly challenges in his efforts to protect his daughter (Fanning) and son (Justin Chatwin). Matching the intensity of Jaws and Jurassic Park, Spielberg\u2019s update of H.G. Wells\u2019s canonized novel deftly infuses the hyperbolic sci-fi premise with post 9/11 anxieties", "Blog | Cinematheque\nScreenplay co-author David Koepp, who also wrote the scripts for the two Spielberg-directed Jurassic Park movies, will talk about his writing in a post-screening discussion.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nCast: Michael Keaton, Robert Duvall, Glenn Close Director Howard's throwback to the classic newspaper picture updates the fast-paced dramatics and comedy of movies like Five Star Final (1931) and His Girl Friday (1940) to a modern-day tabloid in NYC. In a 24-hour period, New York Sun Assistant Managing Editor Henry Hackett (Keaton) tries to get to the bottom of a double murder case, all while trying to re-negotiate his position and keep his pregnant wife (Marisa Tomei) happy", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe sterling supporting cast includes Close and Duvall as the paper's chief editors, and Randy Quaid as a dogged reporter. The fun, classically-structured screenplay is by David Koepp, working in collaboration with his brother, Stephen. David Koepp will participate in a post-screening discussion. \"The Paper gets a lot of things right about working on a newspaper, and one of them is how it screws up your personal life.\" (Roger Ebert).", "Blog | Cinematheque\nCast: Ricky Gervais, Tea Leoni, Greg Kinnear Gervais, in his own inimitable way, plays Bertrum Pincus, a misanthropic dentist who, after undergoing a minor surgical procedure, wakes up with the ability to see dead people, all of whom want something from our hero. A possibility for romance is introduced when one ghost (Kinnear) asks Bertram to look after the widow (Leoni) he left behind", "Blog | Cinematheque\nOne of the most underrated comedies of the last decade, Ghost Town is kept afloat by a witty script and great performances by the entire cast, including Kristin Wiig, sidesplitting as a barely competent surgeon. Writer/director Koepp will join us in person for a post-screening discussion.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nSpecial Thanks to David Bordwell\nAll three of these screenings are free and open to the public. Seating limited.\nMaureen Rogers Enters Cannon's NINJA Cycle\nThis essay on the history of Cannon Films' Ninja cycle of action movies was written by Maureen Rogers, Teaching Assistant and Ph.D candidate in the Department of Communication Arts at UW Madison. A 35mm print of Ninja III: The Domination will screen as part of our Cannon Fodder series on Monday, March 9, 7 p.m., at the Marquee Theater at Union South.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nNinja III: The Domination (1984) is the third and final installment of a rather loosely connected series of films starring Japanese martial arts star Sho Kosugi and released by the Cannon Group. Enter the Ninja (1981) inaugurated this mini-franchise, followed by Revenge of the Ninja (1983) and Ninja III one year later", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThough some industry pundits complained of martial arts exhaustion at the time, Cannon followed the Ninja films with yet another martial arts series, the American Ninja franchise, made up of five films starring Michael Dudikoff and released from 1985-1993.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nCannon's commitment to the low-budget martial arts franchise fit with their overall emphasis on selling to the foreign market and on keeping production costs down. After purchasing the Cannon label in 1979, Israeli cousins Menahem Golan and Yoram Globus began to build Cannon as an internationally-oriented company that produced or acquired films for under $5 million and released a large number of them each year", "Blog | Cinematheque\nGolan and Globus became particularly known within Hollywood for outsized displays at film markets such as Cannes, AFM, and Mifed, where they often arrived with a dozen or so film titles to sell to international distributors. At Cannes, Golan and Globus often bragged about Cannon's appeal to international buyers. In one interview, Golan explained his emphasis on foreign sales: \u201cThe world wants American movies, but the American producers and distributors live like there is only America", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThere are hundreds of independent distributors who can't get good American movies. So me and my partner had the idea: make American-quality pictures... sell to distributors in Europe, Japan.\u201d Over and over again, Golan framed Cannon's niche in Hollywood as selling low-budget Hollywood knock-offs to distributors outside of North America.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nMartial arts franchising also helped Cannon to develop B-grade stars. By making films in the same series, Golan and Globus could create buzz around recurring martial arts heroes. This was more easily achieved with stars who had pre-existing name recognition, such as Charles Bronson. I would argue, though, that Cannon also tried to create some kind of star persona around Sho Kosugi in the Ninja series as well as around Michael Dudikoff in the American Ninja series", "Blog | Cinematheque\nStar-powered low-budget action franchises had several advantages in a place like Cannes. International distributors had some idea of what they were getting, and if audiences had responded to Kosugi in the past, it was a good bet that they might in the future.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nAction films in general also sold remarkably well to theatrical distributors and in ancillary markets. In 1987, Variety reported that the action genre were the best performing genre at international film markets. Several factors contributed to this including the fact that action films lacked the gory violence of the slasher film, a popular genre at the time. Second, the action film was thought to have unique cross cultural appeal", "Blog | Cinematheque\nConventions of the genre, like shoot outs and explosions, were easy for audiences to comprehend even if the film was poorly dubbed. One Texas based producer explained: \u201c[Action films] translate well through all social, political and economic differences.\" Action titles also sold well on home video, which was another important component of Cannon's sales strategy.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThis strategy mostly worked with the Ninja series. Enter the Ninja (1981), the first installment, was the most commercially successful of the three films. For one, Franco Nero and Susan George, both well-known actors, starred alongside Kosugi. The two subsequent Ninja films were never able to match the star power of this initial release. Enter the Ninja was also filmed in the Philippines, which added a kind of flair that the other two films (filmed in Salt Lake City and Arizona) never matched", "Blog | Cinematheque\nGolan and Globus were able to secure a foreign distribution deal with MGM/UA, further offsetting prints and advertising costs. In addition, at Cannes in 1981, Golan and Globus made deals with Columbia Pictures International, Viacom, and HBO to release the film theatrically and on pay cable.", "Blog | Cinematheque\n1983's Revenge of the Ninja arrived amid Cannon's massive expansion. Golan and Globus were in the midst of purchasing several theater chains and further increasing their position in Hollywood and beyond. Kosugi returned in Revenge of the Ninja, and Sam Firstenberg was hired to direct the film. While reviews for Enter the Ninja were rather mediocre, Revenge of the Ninja fared even worse", "Blog | Cinematheque\nVariety complained of the bad acting, lack of star power, and weak script but praised the \"solid action sequences spotlighting topliner Sho Kosugi.\"", "Blog | Cinematheque\nAn inspired example of genre hybridity, Ninja III is a wonderful amalgam of a martial arts film, Flashdance, and a possession horror film. Firstenberg returned to direct, and Kosugi continued to play his role as the virtuous Ninja", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThis time, however, Lucinda Dickey of Breakin' and Breakin' 2 fame joined the cast as an aerobics instructor who, as Variety describes her character, is \"blessed with ESP and a morbid interest in Japanese culture.\" This aerobics premise helps to motivate some wonderfully odd scenes and costume choices, and it is worth the price of admission (free) to see how Firstenberg attempts to meld these generic elements into a plausible, unified story", "Blog | Cinematheque\nDiscussing the film's box office appeal, Variety ended its review of Ninja III with a sentiment that is also a fitting exhortation to any readers who are considering seeing Ninja III: \"If the spirit is willing, the fun and a few thrills are there to be had.\"", "Blog | Cinematheque\nEvan Davis on Orson Welles's TOUCH OF EVIL\nThis essay discusses Orson Welles's TOUCH OF EVIL and was written by UW Alum and former Cinematheque staff member Evan Davis. TOUCH OF EVIL screens in a 35mm print of the 1998 \"memo cut\" restoration in the Cinematheque's regular venue, 4070 Vilas Hall, on Saturday, February 28 at 7 p.m.\nBy Evan Davis", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWe finally arrive at the concluding miasma that was Orson Welles\u2019s long relationship with Hollywood, the culmination of the film noir movement as it has been understood up to now, with the noir form stretched as far and as grotesquely as it could go: Touch of Evil (1958). Perhaps more studied and analyzed than any other Welles film besides Citizen Kane (1941), this nasty little tale of police corruption and border town crime has been thoroughly canonized. But that fate wasn\u2019t always guaranteed.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBy now, the story is approaching tired clich\u00e9: Welles goes to work for a minor studio, leaves or is tossed off the lot, and then the studio re-cuts, re-writes, and re-shoots behind his back. Everyone goes back and forth as to whether Welles was self-indulgent, slow, wasteful, and didn\u2019t care about protecting his own work, or if he was maligned by the suits who only cared about the bottom line. The case of Touch of Evil is no different. What is different is what came after.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWelles shot Touch of Evil in the spring of 1957. In July of that year, he left the editing room (whether by choice or by mandate is unclear). Meanwhile, Universal hired Harry Keller to direct some additional scenes to be included in the film. Welles saw a rough cut that autumn, and wrote a 58-page memo that December, detailing all the changes he wanted Universal\u2019s team to make. A small number were implemented, but most were ignored. The studio released a 93-minute edit in early 1958", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIn 1976, a 108-minute cut initially used as a preview version made it into circulation, with several more minutes of Welles\u2019s footage included. It also contained a great deal more of Keller\u2019s re-shot material. And so the preview version and release version were the only things people could judge Touch of Evil on for 40 years.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nYou may recall: the studio destroyed the cut footage from The Magnificent Ambersons; if the excised material from The Stranger and The Lady from Shanghai exists, then no one\u2019s turned it up. Welles\u2019s Hollywood career is woefully incomplete. Universal Studios, however, hung onto the sloughed-off images and sounds of Touch of Evil, and in 1997, a project began that was to do for that film what couldn\u2019t be done for so many earlier ones", "Blog | Cinematheque\nCritic Jonathan Rosenbaum\u2014who originally published the memo in 1992\u2014producer Rick Schmidlin, and legendary editor Walter Murch set about instituting every single editing request Welles made in the memo. They had to keep some of the Keller footage for reasons of continuity, but once they premiered the film at Cannes in 1998, the world finally had as close a \u201cWelles version\u201d as they were ever likely to get", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIt may not be a director\u2019s cut per s\u00e9 (who knows what Welles would have done had he been allowed to complete the editing himself), but it\u2019s still an incredible reconstruction.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWhat\u2019s most impressive about it is the subtle shifts in rhythm and tone. At 111 minutes, it\u2019s the longest version of the film\u2014only about five or six minutes are completely new. But Murch and his team incorporated Welles\u2019s rigorous cross-cutting methods to depict up to four different plotlines simultaneously unfolding. They also changed the soundtrack to emphasize Quinlan\u2019s (Welles) brutality in order to make him less sympathetic", "Blog | Cinematheque\n(Note Quinlan\u2019s offscreen beating of Sanchez [Victor Millan] while Mike Vargas [Charlton Heston] searches Sanchez\u2019s apartment.) Lines that more explicitly describe the Grandi gang\u2019s plan to frame Susan Vargas (Janet Leigh) for heroin use are added. All of this is per Welles\u2019s instruction", "Blog | Cinematheque\nAnd of course, the greatest coup is the opening tracking shot, with Henry Mancini\u2019s score removed, the credits deleted, and the \u201cradio-dial\u201d atmospherics of sound added, sounds emanating through the town while Mike and Susan stroll to the border.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nTouch of Evil brought back the long, sinewy mobile takes of Welles\u2019s initial Hollywood period, coupled with a thoroughly contemporary representation of the seedy side of life on the US-Mexican border. It is scabrously funny and also tender and mournful. It is full of bravura and also of nuance and subtlety. It is, in other words, an Orson Welles film", "Blog | Cinematheque\n(It also contains the last great performance by Marlene Dietrich.) It is undoubtedly one of Welles\u2019s best, and we are pleased to present this reconstruction in glorious 35mm.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nEvan Davis on Welles's CONFIDENTIAL REPORT (MR. ARKADIN) & F FOR FAKE\nThis essay discusses Orson Welles' Confidential Report (aka Mr. Arkadin, 1955) and F for Fake (1973) and was written by UW Alum and former Cinematheque staff member Evan Davis. Both films screen in original 35mm prints on Saturday, February 21, beginning at 7 p.m. in our regular venue, 4070 Vilas Hall.\nConfidential Report (Mr. Arkadin)", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBorges once said of Citizen Kane (1941) that the film was \"a labyrinth with no center.\" A provocative and partially true statement, no doubt. At the very least, Orson Welles's first featureexists as a stable text that can be viewed as its director intended for it to be seen. The same cannot be said for Mr. Arkadin (aka Confidential Report).", "Blog | Cinematheque\nAs many as six versions of the film are extant, none of which were fully edited by Welles. Each has different footage and a different editing structure. Very little documentation of Welles's intentions is available, making a reconstruction damn near impossible. It is, in a lot of ways, themost unknowable film Welles ever made. At least there is a record of how The Magnificent Ambersons, The Lady from Shanghai, and Touch of Evil were supposed to look, sound andfeel like", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIf ever there was a labyrinth with no center in the Welles canon, Mr. Arkadin is it. That is oddly appropriate--the story of a man hired to find out the story of a man's life is a perverse echo of Citizen Kane, with inflections of The Third Man mixed in throughout. The version that you will see is the European release cut, re-titled Confidential Report", "Blog | Cinematheque\nMissing is the more rigorous flashback structure we know Welles intended, along with the addition of Guy Van Stratten's (Robert Arden) voiceover, which Welles did not want to use. What remains is a grotesque, satirical thriller about amnesia, white slavery and the Electra complex.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThere arepassages of weird, undeniable beauty, like Van Stratten's snow-filled approach to Jacob Zook's (Akim Tamiroff) apartment; the wide-angle clutter of Trebitsch's (Michael Redgrav) workshop; the confrontation between Arkadin (Welles) and Milly (Patricia Medina); and the final meeting between Arkadin and Zook, where one cannot help but laugh and weep at the thought of old age. It's as weird and unstable as Welles ever got.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThere are three masterpieces in Welles's career that each signify a phase of his work. The first is Citizen Kane, the apotheosis of his Hollywood period. The second is Chimes at Midnight (1966), the apex of his achievements in European independent cinema. The third, and the crown jewel of his late, essayistic phase, is F for Fake (1974).", "Blog | Cinematheque\nTo the naked eye, F for Fake might seem like a departure for Welles. It is his first completed theatrical documentary, full of lightning-fast cutting and non-narrative digressions. A closer look reveals this to be perhaps Welles's great thesis statement on his own work. It is \"a film about trickery,\" as Welles states at the beginning. Trickery is too small a word for what he accomplishes", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIt is an essay about the making of art itself, about the fallacy of authorship, and the crowning of art in the tapestry of human experience. It is the headiest movie about the relationship of art and truth, yet is also the most fun. Few films were more influential.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nA little backstory: Elmyr de Hory, the famous Hungarian art forger, was recently outed and living a comfortable life on the island of Ibiza, away from the jurisdictions of more than a few countries where he was wanted for forging Modiglianis, Picassos, and a heap of other European masters. French documentarian Francois Reichenbach began making a fairly anodyne film about de Hory and his biographer, journalist Clifford Irving", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBut then Irving himself was outed as a forger, having faked an autobiography \"by Howard Hughes,\" the famously reclusive tycoon. This is where Welles stepped in. Welles took Reichenbach's footage, re-edited it, and added in material of his own. Welles films himself at an editing table, literally making and re-making the film as it goes along (a technique Godard would use in his films only a few years later)", "Blog | Cinematheque\nHe digresses about Hughes's life, Welles's own life, and finally arrives at the conclusion that while artists and authorship may be a fluid and dubious concept, the artworks themselves must be heralded as one of the only things humanity has left to hold onto. You see, only through the lens of the fake can one finally arrive at the real. Nothing is more important than the truth; sometimes, you have to lie to get to it. I love this film more than words can say. I hope you love it, too.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nEvan Davis on Welles's THE LADY FROM SHANGHAI\nThis essay discusses Orson Welles' The Lady From Shanghai and was written by UW Alum and former Cinematheque staff member Evan Davis. The Lady from Shanghai screens in a new Sony Pictures 4K restoration in the Cinematheque's regular venue, 4070 Vilas Hall, on Saturday, February 14 at 7 p.m.", "Blog | Cinematheque\n? He was certainly a figure of great national renown, and if someone so popular in America was going to make movies, Hollywood was going to be the place. And yet time and again, he seems like such an outlier, an exception to prove the rule. His 1939 contract for RKO that gave him full creative control was unprecedented at the time. Not even major directors like John Ford, Howard Hawks, Ernst Lubitsch, or Frank Capra had similar deals at their studios--at least, not at first", "Blog | Cinematheque\nFurthermore, his working methods ran counter to what major studios were accustomed. He loved to revise and reshape. He once famously said that he could never watch his own work, because he'd want to bust open the projection booth and start re-cutting the film. As influenced by his experiences in the theater and radio, Welles loved process over product.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIt is perhaps no accident that of the five movies Welles made in Hollywood in the 1940s, none were for the four major studios (MGM, Paramount, Warner, Fox). They never would have been able to forgo their standardized production methods for his way of working--and he would have never been able to shackle himself to the confines of major studio production. What he could offer the minor studios, however, was prestige.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nCitizen Kane made quite a splash in the run-up to its release, and while it was nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Awards, it was seen as an anomaly in the Hollywood landscape, and lost money. The Magnificent Ambersons met a similar fate, in addition to being bowlderized by RKO. Which brings us to his relationship with Columbia Pictures and the making of The Lady from Shanghai.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThey may be owned by Sony these days, but Columbia wasn't always a powerhouse in the Hollywood landscape. President and head of production Harry Cohn had lost Frank Capra to Warner Brothers in 1940, and was without any director of equal notoriety. Not that Columbia could have afforded it; their budget structure wouldn't allow for the number of big-budget films made by the likes of Paramount and MGM, nor could it attract that kind of talent", "Blog | Cinematheque\n(Columbia didn't even make a film in color until 1943, years after the other studios had done it.) Cohn could see the profits and prestige that big films could bring a studio, and he wanted back in the game.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWelles also wanted to revive his career. He was looking to get back into directing and needed money to fund his traveling production of Around the World in 80 Days in the spring of 1946. When he approached Columbia with an offer to write, produce, direct and star in a feature with his estranged wife (and Columbia's newest superstar, Rita Hayworth), Cohn envisioned a \"Class AA\" picture that would garner his studio some of the plaudits it had missed since Capra's departure", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIt didn't work out the way anyone had planned. When one studies the production files housed at the Lilly Library at Indiana University in Bloomington, one gets the sense that Columbia simply wasn't equipped to handle a production of The Lady from Shanghai's scope. Welles wanted a small, gritty picture shot entirely in New York City, but if Hayworth was to be involved, Cohn demanded exotic locations and lush romance", "Blog | Cinematheque\nCohn insisted on Welles changing the script to include sequences in Acapulco and San Francisco; Welles acquiesced. When Cohn demanded a sequence involving a love song and more close-ups of Hayworth, Welles acquiesced. In fact, Welles grudgingly bent to every demand Cohn made. Long tracking shots were broken up by inserts; voiceover was added to make the plot somewhat comprehensible after Cohn and editor Viola Lawrence cut the film down to 86 minutes", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBut all these changes slowed things down and ramped up the budget. Welles viewed the added shooting time and expense to be unnecessary, especially since he felt that his original design would be more efficient; Cohn wanted the film to appeal to stylistic norms. When all was said and done, Columbia had budgeted the film for an adjusted-for-inflation $18 million. The production went 33 days over schedule and cost an extra $5 million (adjusted for inflation).", "Blog | Cinematheque\n? The Lady from Shanghai is a Frankenstein's monster of a picture. Every word and image is Welles's, even though he didn't want to make many of them. There is a large swath of footage cut without Welles's consent, making much of its narrative incomprehensible. the score, sound effects, and dubbing process are not Welles's. Location footage to process shots, direct sound to dubbed lines--they oscillate from shot to shot. It's a positive mess", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThat said, every image is sumptuous, every line bitterly caustic and darkly funny. It is a film of competing stylistic norms and production practices all fused into a gloriously surreal melange. (Maybe my favorite of these touches is Hayworth's character, Elsa, speaking perfect Cantonese in San Francisco's Chinatown.)", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWelles would knock off an adaptation of Macbeth for Poverty Row outfit Republic Pictures in only 21 days in the summer of 1947--well under budget--and would then decamp for Europe, not to return to a Hollywood director's chair for 10 years. His experiment with being an independent inside the Hollywood machine was effectively over.\nEvan Davis on Orson Welles's OTHELLO", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThis essay discusses Orson Welles' Othello and was written by UW Alum and former Cinematheque staff member Evan Davis. Othello screens in a new restoration in the Cinematheque's regular venue, 4070 Vilas Hall, on Saturday, February 7 at 7 p.m.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBy virtue of its production and for its aesthetic qualities (and trust me, the two are interwoven as tightly as thread), Orson Welles's Othello represents a rebirth in his filmmaking career. It was the first film he made in Europe; it was the first film he financed independently, mostly from his own pocket; and it was the first film to abandon his trademark deep-focus, mobile long-take style for one more reliant on editing to provide its stylistic ballast", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe fact remains, however, that Othello is one of Welles's greatest triumphs--and one of the best Shakespeare adaptations ever committed to screen. It would serve as the template for Welles's working methods for the rest of his life.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWelles had escaped both the artistic and political turmoil of postwar Hollywood in 1947, just after finishing his version of Macbeth for Republic Pictures. A year later, an Italian producer asked him to make Othello. It seemed only fitting, as Welles was a great admirer of the play and had played the Moor at various points throughout his life. Financing was put together, and a plan was in place to shoot multiple scenes in single takes at a studio near Nice, France", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBut of course, as it would so often for the rest of Welles's career, the producer's finances dried up at the last minute. Welles was not deterred, however. Instead of building sets in a studio and shooting long takes, he decided to continue working, shooting on location in such far-flung places as Italy, Morocco and Tunisia. A simple enough fix, right", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWelles was financing the movie from his own bankroll. That bankroll would quickly run out, and the cast and crew would have to shut down production. Welles would then take acting jobs (The Third Man, Prince of Foxes and The Black Rose among them) to raise more money to keep going. The obvious problem was that his actors and crew members wouldn't always be available at the same time, as months would pass between production sessions. Welles was then forced to use editing to maintain continuity within a scene", "Blog | Cinematheque\nSo rigorous were his scheduling and budgetary limitations that locations often moved a thousand miles from shot to shot, even though Iago (Micheal MacLiammoir) may only pass through a door in the scene. (Both MacLiammoir and Welles told a famous story of the scene in which Roderigo is murdered: Welles had ordered the costumes for the scene, but they never arrived", "Blog | Cinematheque\nHe only had so much time to film it, so on the fly, at the suggestion of his production designer, Alexandre Trauner, he converted a fish market into a Turkish bathhouse, shot the actors topless, and finished the scene.) All in all, the film took three years to film and edit.", "Blog | Cinematheque\n? He was very conscious to obey the basic rules of classical continuity editing. Eyelines always match up from shot to reverse-shot; matches on action are smooth and graceful; lighting cues are consistent and properly sourced within the frame; even the locations themselves are visually complementary. Welles shot for three years on multiple continents with multiple cinematographers, with no script supervisor, and yet the film is seamless. To say that this is a phenomenal achievement is understating the case.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIndeed, it would be difficult to imagine the film without its extraordinary location work. Welles put his camera in every possible place within castles, on turrets, behind doors, above stone columns. His vision of Cyprus is an expressionist nightmare, with chiaroscuro pools of light piercing a labyrinth of secrets and betrayals. Welles's images are graphically overloaded with patterns and barriers, separating characters, always peering in with nefarious intent", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe final, high-angle shot of Othello's death is cut with such perfectly brilliant force that Welles may never have made so starkly lonely an image for the rest of his career. Chimes at Midnight is Welles's heart, but Othello is the darkness inside his soul.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe version screening at the Cinematheque demands some commentary. Welles completed Othello in 1952, and then re-edited it slightly for its American release in 1955. The inferior dubbing equipment found in Europe at the time made the dialogue synchronization a little precarious. In 1992, Welles's youngest daughter and Othello's rights holder, Beatrice, commissioned a restoration to resync the dialogue", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBeatrice and restoration producer Michael Dawson went further, re-recording the score in stereo based on a flawed source, and altering many of the film's sound effects. Some mistakes were corrected upon the restoration's release to home video, but the fact remains that the soundtrack is not Welles's. Carlotta Films recently digitally restored the film, and there is no doubt that this edition looks astonishingly beautiful; however, the same soundtrack from the 1992 restoration remains.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThis essay on the battle for box-office supremacy between the 1984 breakdancing movies Breakin' and Beat Street, was written by Jenny Oyallon-Koloski, Fellow in Film in the UW Communication Arts Department at UW Madison. A 35mm print of Breakin' will kick off our Marquee Monday: Cannon Fodder series on Monday, February 3, in the Marquee Theater at Union South. The screening will be preceded by 20 minutes of vintage Cannon Films trailers!", "Blog | Cinematheque\n1984 was a busy year for break dancing in the movies. Hollywood studios, afraid that hip hop would be a short-lived phenomenon, attempted to capitalize upon the South Bronx-based artistic movement that was gaining awareness and popularity. \u201cThe breakdance tornado approaches,\u201d touts Variety, announcing the May release of Breakin'. The trade journal describes the dance-centered movie as a \u201csurprise break-dancing hit,\u201d but Cannon Films went to extreme measures to ensure its success.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nLike the rivalry between the dancing crews of its plot, Breakin\u2019 had to compete for audience attention from Orion Pictures\u2019 Beat Street, another \u201ccontemporary new directions musical film\u201d as Variety puts it. Beat Street was certainly lauded as the more prestigious film, with Harry Belafonte as a co-producer, location shooting in New York City (as opposed to the Los-Angeles-based production of Breakin' ), and a world premiere at the Cannes Film Festival", "Blog | Cinematheque\nCiting the \u201chourly\u201d change in youth market musical trends, Beat Street\u2019s producers rushed production of their film to ensure they didn\u2019t miss out on the vogue of the break dancing craze. So they must have been infuriated to learn that Cannon Films was also rushing the release of Breakin\u2019, now scheduled to appear in theaters one month before their film", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBeat Street even had to share its Cannes limelight with Breakin\u2019 and two other films that contained references to the popular new dance form, Body Rock and Prison Dancer.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThings went downhill for Beat Street from there. Variety\u2019s review of the film was positive, but their prediction\u2014\u201csuccess of the recent \u2018Breakin\u2019\u2019 bodes well for the b.o. potential of this much larger Harry Belafonte-David V. Picker production\u201d\u2014didn\u2019t quite pan out as expected", "Blog | Cinematheque\nCannon was able to \u201csteal a march on Orion,\u201d says Variety, \u201cwhose more expensive breakdance and music pic \u2018Beat Street\u2019 opened Friday.\u201d When Beat Street finally hit theaters in June, it received only lukewarm enthusiasm from audiences. In contrast, the Variety reviewer predicted Breakin\u2019s box-office success, given its low cost, light tone, and entertaining breakdancing sequences. Try as they might, Beat Street\u2019s producers couldn\u2019t make up the box office momentum Breakin\u2019 gained from its earlier release.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBreakin\u2019 did well on two additional counts. While the U.S. Catholic Conference deemed most of 1984\u2019s film content \u201cmorally offensive\u201d or for \u201cadults only,\u201d as Variety reports, Cannon producers could rest easy knowing that Breakin\u2019 was one of the few films of the year deemed appropriate for adults and adolescents. Cannon Films also wasted no time putting a sequel into production", "Blog | Cinematheque\nVariety ads for Breakin\u2019 2: Electric Boogaloo appeared only a month after the initial film\u2019s release, with Cannon modestly heralding the new film as \u201cThe Making of the 7th Major\u201d (despite the superior title, Breakin\u2019 2 did not live up to the widespread success of its predecessor, though it does get a shout-out in Gilmore Girls [S2 E12] as a contender in \u201cthe worst film festival ever\u201d).", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe competition for audiences between Breakin\u2019 and Beat Street was more balanced in album sales. The importance of selling pop soundtracks and singles alongside their cinematic counterparts was an important marketing strategy for both films. Mutual interest existed between Hollywood and record companies to produce films with \u201cpop-oriented soundtracks\u201d that could help sell the albums and vice versa, with Flashdance (1983) and Footloose (1984) as recent, successful models", "Blog | Cinematheque\nVariety suggests Breakin\u2019s album was a hit for Polygram Records, with the soundtrack \u201cshaping up as the diskery\u2019s biggest soundtrack LP since \u2018Flashdance.\u2019\u201d Atlantic Records used a cluster release strategy for Beat Street\u2019s singles, a relatively new way of selling records and building hype for the movie right before it hit theaters by flooding the radio waves with multiple singles", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBased on this model, used successfully for the wildly popular Footloose and its soundtrack album, Atlantic had four of Beat Street\u2019s singles in circulation while the film was in release. A loftier goal, per Variety, was the hope that the album would \u201chelp hip-hop to make the transition from an urban phenomenon to a more widely accepted form of mainstream entertainment,\u201d with some help from a promotional video on hip-hop culture narrated by co-producer Harry Belafonte.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBeyond their cinematic rivalries, Breakin\u2019 and its break dancing cinematic counterparts seem to have had some unexpected effects on dance culture in cities beyond New York. In July, when both Breakin\u2019 and Beat Street were battling it out at the box office, city councilors in Boston were considering enacting an ordinance against public exhibitions, given the rise of breakers performing in the streets", "Blog | Cinematheque\nIn addition to the complaints about inconveniences to pedestrians, Variety reports, city officials expressed concerns over potential \u201clawsuits against the city if the dancers trip over the parking meters.\u201d So much for the short-lived nature of break dancing that Hollywood anticipated.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nEvan Davis on Orson Welles's 2nd & 3rd Features\nThis essay discusses Orson Welles' The Magnificent Ambersons and The Stranger and was written by UW Alum and former Cinematheque staff member Evan Davis. The Magnificent Ambersons screens in the Cinematheque's regular venue, 4070 Vilas Hall, on Saturday, January 31 at 7 p.m., followed at 8:45 p.m. by The Stranger. Both films will screen in original 35mm prints.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nSo much of The Magnificent Ambersons has passed into the realm of myth. Orson Welles's second feature carries with it the inglorious reputation of potential unfulfilled, its lost elements never to be recovered. Joseph McBride has claimed that its original form, before the butchers at RKO got their hands on it, was likely to be \"the greatest American film made up to that point,\" and it would be hard to argue, based on what remains", "Blog | Cinematheque\nCitizen Kane certainly announced Welles to the world, but Ambersons was much closer to his heart. As a tragic and nostalgic portrait of Midwestern America\u2014a time just before Welles's birth\u2014the film is a heartbreaking elegy to lost time. But, of course, RKO didn't see it that way.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe history of Ambersons' fate is labyrinthine. A great many factors contributed to its final form and theatrical release. For many decades, however, RKO had successfully tarred Welles as a tyrant gone mad, wasting the studio's time and money on something pretentious and unentertaining. It was their job, RKO argued, to bring him to heel. The studio system was at the height of its power in 1941 and 1942, when Ambersons was being made", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBut as film historian and UW alum Douglas Gomery has demonstrated, Welles should be better understood as an independent filmmaker working within Hollywood. After all, he had his own production unit inside RKO. He wrote, produced, directed and starred in his own projects. His first contract guaranteed him final cut, a rarity for directors at the time. Welles enjoyed making mainstream art, but didn\u2019t have much interest or gumption for being part of the economic structure offered by Hollywood.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWelles worked on numerous projects at once, rather than take on one film at a time. While filming Ambersons, he co-wrote, produced, and starred in Journey into Fear, shot simultaneously. He started developing an omnibus, It\u2019s All True, a documentary about Brazil made at the behest of the Roosevelt administration", "Blog | Cinematheque\nAll of these projects, including Ambersons, happened in the months after the release of Citizen Kane\u2014an extraordinary amount of work, especially considering that Welles was also producing radio and theater throughout that whole period. John Ford and Howard Hawks were great artists; one-man bands, they were not.", "Blog | Cinematheque\n? First and foremost, Welles negotiated away his right to final cut in order to get It\u2019s All True made in the timeframe both he and RKO demanded. Second, he wasn\u2019t in Hollywood to personally oversee the editing of Ambersons; he was down in Rio de Janeiro filming It\u2019s All True. Third, editor Robert Wise was supposed to fly to Brazil with a workprint so that he and Welles could work on the film together; that never occurred, either due to flight restrictions during the war or because RKO prevented it", "Blog | Cinematheque\nFourth, RKO production chief George Schaefer was ousted and replaced by Charles Koerner in June 1942, who famously issued a memo with the letterhead, \u201cshowmanship, not genius.\u201d No more stinging a rebuke to Welles and those who protected him could have been uttered", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWhen all was said and done, Wise, along with assistant director Fred Fleck, business manager Jack Moss, and actor Joseph Cotten, had cut almost 40 minutes from the film, along with rewriting and re-shooting a great many scenes, including the ending.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe myth has persisted\u2014strongly under the lasting influence of RKO\u2019s publicity machine\u2014that Welles was profligate in his handling of both Ambersons and It\u2019s All True, and therefore the studio was justified in their behavior. Gomery even agrees with Ambersons\u2019s editor and re-shoots director, Robert Wise, in claiming that the studio made the right decision in re-cutting and re-shooting the film. We\u2019ll never know the answer, as the studio destroyed the footage", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWhat we can evaluate is the remaining work, which remains a powerful, emotionally rich and tragic elegy to the power of memory and history, as told through a group of lovely, damaged people.", "Blog | Cinematheque\nWelles couldn\u2019t get a job as a director for over three years after Ambersons and It\u2019s All True fell apart. His next mission was to demonstrate (though he didn\u2019t have to) that he could bring a movie in on time and under budget\u2014in other words, be a Hollywood filmmaker. The project he settled on was The Stranger (1946), a thriller set in a small Connecticut town about a government agent (Edward G. Robinson) trying to smoke out a Nazi (Welles) hiding in plain sight, just after the end of the war", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe film is notable for being one of the first (if not the first) to use footage from Nazi concentration camps, and its appearance toward the film\u2019s end is jarring and raw. Indeed, it is a documentary flourish with which Welles was often preoccupied, as seen in the \u201cNews on the March\u201d sequence from Citizen Kane and the masterwork that is F for Fake", "Blog | Cinematheque\nThe Stranger is Welles at his most Hollywood, but its grotesque, warped vision of small town America, its political leanings, and its comically over-the-top violence render it very much of a piece with Welles\u2019s narrative and thematic interests. Almost 30 minutes was cut from the film by producer Sam Spiegel, so not even Welles\u2019s most Hollywood picture could be saved from the cutting room floor. By all appearances, this is his least significant work", "Blog | Cinematheque\nBut William Friedkin recently declaimed, quite emphatically, that The Stranger \u201cis NOT minor Welles!!!\u201d I am inclined to agree. At the very least, enjoy the four-minute lateral tracking shot that marks a murder in the woods, and Edward G. Robinson\u2019s incredibly fun performance. The Stranger was Welles\u2019s first thriller, but it certainly would not be his last."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://chandra.harvard.edu/chronicle/0204/solsys/index.html

Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004

["Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nAn overview of the Chandra mission and goals, Chandra's namesake, top 10 facts.\nClassroom activities, printable materials, interactive games & more.\nOverview of X-ray Astronomy and X-ray sources: black holes to galaxy clusters.\nAll Chandra images released to the public listed by date & by category\nCurrent Chandra press releases, status reports, interviews & biographies.\nA collection of multimedia, illustrations & animations, a glossary, FAQ & more.\nA collection of illustrations, animations and video.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nChandra discoveries in an audio/video format.\nDisclaimer: This material is being kept online for historical purposes. Though accurate at the time of publication, it is no longer being updated. The page may contain broken links or outdated information, and parts may not function in current web browsers. Visit chandra.si.edu for current information.\nThe Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes\nApril 5, 2004 ::", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nChandra's speciality is probing the super-hot regions of the universe where matter has been heated to millions of degrees Celsius by shock waves from exploding stars and galaxies, or by the crush of gravity around black holes.\nBut Chandra has also shown that the relatively peaceful realms of space such as our solar system sometimes shine in X-ray light.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nPlanets, satellites and comets typically have temperatures well below 1000 degrees, but they still can produce X-rays in a number of ways, most of which involve the Sun directly or indirectly. Although the X-ray power is weak, ranging from a few megawatts to a few gigawatts for Jupiter, it provides information difficult to come by with other telescopes.\nEarth's Geocorona", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nVery close to home, Chandra has detected evidence of X-rays from Earth's geocorona (extended outer atmosphere) through which Chandra moves. The geocoronal X-rays are caused by collisions between hydrogen atoms in the geocorona with carbon, oxygen and neon ions that are streaming away from the Sun in the solar wind. During the collisions, the solar ions capture electrons from the hydrogen atoms, then kick out X-rays as the captured electrons drop to lower energy states.\nComet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nThis process, called charge exchange because an electron is exchanged between the neutral atoms in the atmosphere and the ions in the solar wind, operates throughout the solar system. It is especially important for comets, which have extended atmospheres. By observing X-rays from comets, it is possible to study the elements present in the solar wind, the structure of the comet's atmosphere, and cometary rotation", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nIn the future it may be possible to detect X-radiation from collections of hundreds of comets around stars other than the Sun. Young stars would be the most promising candidates because they have vigorous stellar winds.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nChandra has been used to prospect for elements on the Moon. Oxygen, magnesium, aluminum and silicon were detected over a large area of the lunar surface. The lunar X-rays are caused by fluorescence due to the impact of solar X-rays on the surface of the Moon. Fluorescent X-rays give a direct measurement of elements present, independent of assumptions about the type of mineral or other complications", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nWhen longer observations of the Moon are made with Chandra, they should help to determine if the Moon was formed by a giant impact of a planetoid with the Earth about 4.5 billion years ago, or by some other process.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nPlanetary atmospheres can also exhibit fluorescence of solar X-radiation. Chandra detected fluorescent radiation from oxygen and other atoms in the Venusian atmosphere between 120 and 140 kilometers (75 to 90 miles) above the surface of the planet. In contrast, the optical light from Venus is caused by the reflection of sunlight from clouds 50 to 70 kilometers above the surface", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nFuture X-ray images will enable scientists to examine regions of the Venusian atmosphere that are difficult to investigate otherwise.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nFluorescent X-rays from oxygen atoms in the Martian atmosphere probe similar heights. A huge Martian dust storm was in progress when the Chandra observations were made. Since the intensity of the X-rays did not change when the dust storm rotated out of view, astronomers were able to conclude that the dust storm did not affect Mars's upper atmosphere. They also found evidence that Mars is still losing its atmosphere to deep space.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nA faint halo of X-rays was detected some 7,000 kilometers above the surface of Mars. These X-rays are presumably due to the solar wind charge-exchange process operating in the tenuous extreme upper atmosphere of Mars.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nJupiter has an environment capable of producing X-rays in a different manner because of its substantial magnetic field. X-rays are produced when high-energy particles from the Sun get trapped in its magnetic field and accelerated toward the polar regions where they collide with atoms in Jupiter's atmosphere. Chandra's image of Jupiter shows strong concentrations of X-rays near the north and south magnetic poles.\nIo, Europa and the Io Plasma Torus\nIo and Europa\nReference: Elsner et al.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nWeaker X-ray signals have been detected from two of Jupiter's moons, Io and Europa, and from the Io Plasma Torus, a doughnut-shaped ring of energetic particles that circles Jupiter. Gases such as sulfur dioxide are produced by Io's volcanos, escape from Io and become trapped in an orbit around Jupiter, where they are accelerated to high energies. Collisions between the particles within the torus, and with the surfaces of Io and Europa can account for the observed X-rays.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nLike Jupiter, Saturn has a strong magnetic field so it was expected that Saturn would also show a concentration of X-rays toward the poles. However, Chandra's observation revealed instead an increased X-ray brightness in the equatorial region. Furthermore, Saturn's X-ray spectrum, or the distribution of its X-rays according to energy, was found to be similar to that of X-rays from the Sun. This indicates that Saturn's X-radiation is due to the reflection of solar X-rays by Saturn's atmosphere", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nThe same process may be responsible for the weak equatorial X-radiation observed from Jupiter. Further observations should help clarify whether Saturn's magnetic polar regions ever flare up in X-rays, as do Jupiter's.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nAstronomers have used the lack of X-rays from Saturn's largest moon, Titan, to draw some interesting conclusions. On January 5, 2003, Titan - the only moon in the solar system with a thick atmosphere - crossed in front of the Crab Nebula, a bright, extended X-ray source. Titan's transit enabled Chandra to image the one-arcsecond-diameter X-ray shadow cast on Chandra by the moon. This tiny shadow corresponds to the size of a dime as viewed from two and a half miles", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nThe diameter of Titan's shadow was found to be larger than the known diameter of its solid surface. This difference in diameters yields a measurement of about 550 miles (880 kilometers) for the height of the X-ray absorbing region of Titan's atmosphere.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nThe extent of Titan's upper atmosphere is consistent with, or slightly (10-15%) larger, than that implied by Voyager I observations made at radio, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths in 1980. Saturn was about 5% closer to the Sun in 2003, so increased solar heating of Titan may have caused its atmosphere to expand. This may have important implications for the upcoming Cassini-Huygens mission", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nThe Cassini-Huygens spacecraft will reach Saturn in July of 2004 to begin a four-year tour of Saturn, its rings and its moons that will include 44 close flybys of Titan. If Titan's atmosphere has really expanded, the trajectory may have to be changed.", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nThis article was based on previous Chandra press releases and an article by Scott Wolk in the recent Chandra newsletter: http://cxc.harvard.edu/newsletters/news_11/solar.html which contains references to the original scientific papers.\nReceive updates by email GO\nInfo & Privacy Policy.\nArticles from:\n['15 | '14 | '13 | '12 | '11 | '10 | '09 | '08 |\n'07 | '06 | '05 | '04 | '03 | '02 | '01 | '00 |\n'99]\nMarch 19 Where Are They Now? Steve Hawley\nJuly 22 Harvey's Voyage", "Chandra :: Chronicles :: The Solar System Through Chandra's Eyes :: April 5, 2004\nOct 31 TYREL JOHNSON & JATILA VAN DER VEEN\nSep 27 Mirror Man\nDec 14 Chandra in 2012: A Teenager in Space\nOct 24 Look Back Time -- Remembering Franco\nWhere is Chandra Now?\nChandra Twitter Updates\nHelp | Site Map | Image Use Polcy | Privacy & Accessibility | Downloads & Plugins | Glossary | Q & A\nContact us: [email protected]\nChandra X-ray Center, Operated for NASA by\nthe Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory\nClose(X)"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://cambriandissenters.blogspot.com/2016/10/brexit-hero-censured-then-treated.html

Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt

["Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nBrexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nNothing can lighten the heart of abused patriots more than watching one of their elected representatives publicly treat one of the most powerful European Union bureaucrats with complete and utter contempt. What gives it even more satisfaction is that he did it using an article of scorn introduced into popular usage by Winston Churchill, arguably Great Britain's most loved and greatest Prime Minister.", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nWhen Brexit hero Nigel Farage referred to two leading Europhile Members of the British Parliament as 'quislings' and the 'high priests of European federalism' he was censured by the odious German socialist, Martin Schultz who, when he's not putting his visceral hatred for Great Britain on public display, is the unelected President of the phony European Parliament.", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nWhat made matters infinitely worse for 'President' Schultz was that Farage had the temerity to make his charge of treachery at the very heart of his power, i.e. the chamber of the European Parliament. As usual Farage and his small band of fellow Brexiteers was outnumbered and surrounded on all sides by his enemies and the enemies of freedom. (See the whole episode here)", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nAnti-Great Britain fanatics Nick Clegg and 'Red' Ed Miliband are the former leaders of the Liberal Democrats and Far-left Labour Party respectively. They both resigned their positions after being rejected by the British people at the last general election but they remain Members of Parliament.", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nThe article of scorn was named after Norwegian traitor, Vidkun Quisling, who surrendered his country's sovereignty to Germany during World War II then governed Norway on behalf of the National Socialist German Workers Party until their defeat by the Allies.", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nDespite the overwhelming vote for Brexit, Miliband and Clegg are still actively campaigning for what is left of British sovereignty to be surrendered to the German dominated European Union with themselves in the Westminster Parliament governing Great Britain on behalf of the mentally unstable German Chancellor, Angela Merkel.", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nIn modern usage 'quisling' is used in reference to people who's loyalty is not to their native country but to an occupying force or to a foreign entity with which they actively and willingly collaborate to subvert the nation. Therefore the use of 'quisling' for Messrs. Clegg and Miliband is accurate and wholly appropriate.\nNobody could deliver scorn quite like Winston Churchill and he did it with particular venom when he addressed the allied delegates in June 1941:", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\n\"A vile race of Quislings - to use a new word which will carry the scorn of mankind down the centuries - is hired to fawn upon the conqueror, to collaborate in his designs and to force his rule upon their fellow countrymen while grovelling low themselves. Such is the plight of once glorious Europe\".", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nAs potent as they are, words alone cannot convey the complete, utter and absolute contempt Churchill held for those who would surrender their countries' sovereignty to a foreign entity and then collaborate with that same entity to rule the subject people on its behalf.\nFreedom lovers and British patriots take heart, boost your morale and listen to the great man deliver the speech here\nChurchill used it again when he addressed both Houses of Congress in December 1941 after America entered the war:", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\n\"Hope has returned to the hearts of scores of millions of men and women, and with that hope there burns a flame of anger against the brutal corrupt invader. And still more fiercely burn the fires of hatred and contempt for the filthy Quislings whom he has suborned\".", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nThese words of contempt and scorn are as fitting today as they were when they were delivered by Winston Churchill back in 1941. They describe accurately the treacherous Clegg, Miliband and a host of other prominent people and celebrities who are indeed 'hired to fawn upon the conqueror and to collaborate in their designs to force their rule upon their fellow countrymen while grovelling low themselves'.", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nShame on them and curse on all their houses. They are insulting our 'Glorious Dead' with their treachery and they have surrendered the right to call themselves British.\n* For the record, after the war Vidkun Quisling suffered the fate that all traitors should suffer, he was tried for murder and high treason, found guilty then put up against a wall and shot by firing squad.\nLabels: Angela Merkel, Brexit, Ed Miliband, EU, Martin Shultz, Nick Clegg, Nigel Farage, Vidkun Quisling, Winston Churchill", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nmawm October 27, 2016 at 10:48 AM\nI can think of a number of \"quislings\" who are currently suborning their countries to the UN and collaborating with the destruction of their own country's sovereignty.\nDaniel Thomas October 27, 2016 at 12:32 PM\nMe too and that includes the leaders of most western countries. They deserve the same fate as the late Mr. Quisling\nAndrew Jones October 28, 2016 at 5:37 PM\n\"arguably Great Britain's most loved and greatest Prime Minister.\"\n\"Arguably\"?", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nDaniel Thomas October 29, 2016 at 5:02 AM\nNot everyone agrees with my opinion of Churchill, to many he was their least loved Prime Minister. Therefore 'arguably' is correct usage in this case.\nAndrew Jones October 29, 2016 at 5:43 AM\nIn my own view he was, by a huge margin, the greatest Prime Minister we have ever had the fortune to have and at just the right time. If Halifax had taken the job in May 1940 we would have rolled over. All due credit to him for recognising Churchill as the better man.", "Cambrian Dissenters: Brexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bureaucrat With Contempt\nChurchill, arguably, saved the World.\nI agree with your opinion of Churchill and of your interpretation of history with reference to Halifax.\nTo complete the hat trick I also agree with your use of 'arguably' in this case.\nDraining The Swamp And Restoring That Shining City...\nBrexit Hero Censured Then Treated The Offending Bu...\nAmerica Could Teach Africa A Thing Or Two About Co...\nVulnerable Children? - Politicians Insulting The P...\nInsanity - Killing America Over Harmless Laddish B..."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://gojira.its.maine.edu/confluence/plugins/viewsource/viewpagesrc.action?pageId=49580849

View Source

["View Source\n'Responsive Design' means the content responds to the device upon which it is viewed (i.e., adjusting layout and design to best display on desktops, tablets and smart phones)"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/medical-marijuana-use-and-testing-positive-%E2%80%94-denied-employment

Search | Go Ask Alice!

["Search | Go Ask Alice!\nNew Q&As \u203a\nMedical marijuana use and testing positive \u2014 Denied employment?\nDear Alice,\nCan you be denied employment for having a medical marijuana license and showing a positive or failing a drug test?", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nFrom sea to shining sea, individual states in the U.S. are sorting out laws about medical marijuana (and in some cases recreational marijuana). Your question is one that people are probably wondering about more and more, considering medical marijuana is now legal in 21 states (and counting)", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nHere\u2019s the skinny: for employees who are prescribed and use medical marijuana, the rule of thumb in the legal sphere has generally been \u201cbetter safe than sorry.\u201d This means that many employers have decided that there\u2019s too much risk in allowing exceptions to failed drug tests, even for those with a medical marijuana license.", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\n? To put it simply, there appears to be a type of catch-22 with marijuana laws: any marijuana use at all is still illegal under the federal government\u2019s Controlled Substances Act (CSA), regardless of individual states\u2019 laws. However, the federal government has made statements that it plans to let states do their own thing and may not go after medical marijuana users in states that have chosen to legalize it (as long as the users are following the states laws regarding medical marijuana use)", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nAs such, it seems unlikely you\u2019d be arrested under federal law as long as you have a medical marijuana license. However, this catch-22 also means that employers aren\u2019t required to provide protections for employees. Long story short: if you test positive for marijuana on a drug test, it\u2019s still possible that your employer could choose to fire or penalize you.", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nWhile most of the situations on record have been handled on a case-by-case basis in each state and with each employer, here are some tidbits to keep in mind:", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nSome states have taken steps to make sure their medical marijuana laws include protections for employees. For example, Rhode Island, Montana, Arizona, and Delaware crafted their laws to forbid employers from firing legal medical marijuana users simply because they have a medical marijuana license. In New York, medical marijuana use is actually classified as a disability under anti-discrimination laws, so registered users cannot be discriminated against just because of their status as a qualified patient.", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nIndividual employers are still the ones who will decide whether marijuana can be used at your actual workplace or not. So, even if you live in one of those states with protections for employees, your employer could still choose to stop you from using it while at work or just before coming to work if they had concerns about impairment while performing work duties.", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nIf you work for the federal government or your company contracts with the federal government, medical marijuana use is definitely not allowable, no matter what state you\u2019re in or what protections you have. This is because federal law (the Drug-Free Workplace Act) trumps any state laws.", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nIf you or someone you know is dealing with this situation, a good place to start might be to research your employer\u2019s specific policies on drug testing, or even talk to your employer or human resources department about your situation, if you feel comfortable. It\u2019s possible some jobs might be a better fit for someone who uses medical marijuana than other jobs. Also, some employers may offer more protections than others.", "Search | Go Ask Alice!\nThis topic will surely continue to be on everyone\u2019s radar as policies and laws morph, so keep your eyes peeled for news in your area. The times, they are a-changin\u2019!\nAlice!\nShare this page on Google+\nSubmit a new response\nMarijuana and chemotherapy\nModerate marijuana use and health effects?\nWill pot soothe my feelings of depression and anxiety?\nOriginally Published:"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=84-1315&print=true

No title found

["No title found\nIt shall be the duty of the Auditor of Public Accounts to make an annual audit of the retirement system and an annual report to the retirement board and to the Clerk of the Legislature of the condition of the retirement system. The report submitted to the Clerk of the Legislature shall be submitted electronically", "No title found\nEach member of the Legislature shall receive an electronic copy of the report required by this section by making a request for such report to either the Auditor of Public Accounts or the retirement board.", "No title found\nSource:Laws 1963, c. 532, \u00a7 15, p. 1673; Laws 1971, LB 987, \u00a7 37; Laws 1972, LB 1072, \u00a7 1; Laws 1979, LB 322, \u00a7 75; Laws 1988, LB 1169, \u00a7 2; Laws 2012, LB782, \u00a7 232."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2006/08/21/06-7058/notice-of-opportunity-for-public-comment-on-surplus-property-release-at-northeast-alabama-regional

Federal Register :: Request Access

["Federal Register :: Request Access\nNotice of Opportunity for Public Comment on Surplus Property Release at Northeast Alabama Regional Airport, Gadsden, AL\nA Notice by the Federal Aviation Administration on 08/21/2006\nComments must be received on or before September 20, 2006.\nNotice of intenet to rule on land release request.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nUnder the provisions of Title 49, U.S.C. Section 47153(c), notice is being given that the FAA is considering a request from the Gadsden Airport Authority to waive the requirement that a 24.4-acre parcel of surplus property, located at the Northeast Alabama Regional Airport, be used for aeronautical purposes.\nComments on this notice may be mailed or delivered in triplicate to the FAA at the following address: Jackson Airports District Office, 100 West Cross Street, Suite B, Jackson, MS 39208-2307.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nIn addition, one copy of any comments submitted to the FAA must be mailed or delivered to Mr. Fred Sington, Gadsden Airport Authority at the following address: P.O. Box 961, Gadsden, Alabama 35902-0961.\nMr. Keafur Grimes, Program Manager, Jackson Airports District Office, 100 West Cross Street, Suite B, Jackson, MS 39208-2307, (601) 664-9886. The land release request may be reviewed in person at this same location.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nThe Faa is reviewing a request by the Gadsden Airport Authority to release 24.4 acres of surplus property at the Northeast Alabama Regional Airport. The property will be purchased by Rigid Building, which is a industrial facility. The property consist of forested lands. The net proceeds from the sale of this property will be used for airport purposes.\nAny person may inspect the request in person at the FAA office listed above under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nIn addition, any person may, upon request, inspect the request, notice and other documents germane to the request in person at the Jackson Airport District Office.\nIssued in Jackson, Mississippi, on August 15, 2006.\nRans D. Black,\nManager, Jackson Airports District Office, Southern Region."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2007/02/26/E7-3203/safe-drinking-water-act-determination-underground-injection-control-program-determination-of-indian

Federal Register :: Request Access

["Federal Register :: Request Access\nSafe Drinking Water Act Determination; Underground Injection Control Program, Determination of Indian Country Status for Purposes of Underground Injection Control Program Permitting\nThe determination was signed on February 6, 2007.\nFRL-8281-4\nhttps://www.federalregister.gov/d/E7-3203 https://www.federalregister.gov/d/E7-3203\nNotice of final determination.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nThis notice announces the availability of EPA's Land Status Determination, which concludes that the approximately 160 acres of land located in the southeast portion of Section 8, Township 16N, Range 16W, in the State of New Mexico (the Section 8 land), is part of a dependent Indian community under 18 U.S.C", "Federal Register :: Request Access\n1151(b) and, thus, considered to be \u201cIndian country.\u201d EPA is therefore the appropriate agency to consider underground injection control (UIC) permit applications under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) for that land.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nIn the late 1980s, Hydro Resources, Inc. (HRI) sought a UIC permit for its property located within the Section 8 land. After considering materials submitted by the Navajo Nation and the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED), EPA determined that the Indian country status of the Section 8 land was in dispute and, thus, that EPA would be the appropriate agency to issue the SDWA UIC permit. The State of New Mexico and HRI challenged EPA's determination. In 2000, in HRI v. EPA, 198 F.3d 1224 (10th Cir", "Federal Register :: Request Access\n2000), the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit upheld EPA's decision to implement the UIC program throughout HRI's Section 8 land because the Indian country status of that land was in dispute. The Court remanded the matter to EPA to make a final administrative decision on the Indian country status of the disputed land.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nIn 2005, HRI approached NMED concerning a UIC permit for its proposed mining operations on the Section 8 land. In response, NMED formally requested that EPA determine the Indian country status of the Section 8 land to identify whether EPA or NMED is the appropriate agency to consider a UIC permit application from HRI for that land.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nOn November 2, 2005, EPA issued a Federal Register notice (see 70 FR 66402) inviting written comments and information from the public and interested parties on whether the Section 8 land constituted a dependent Indian community in whole or in part. EPA received comments from twenty-five (25) commenters, including HRI, the Navajo Nation, the State of New Mexico, and others. Start Printed Page 8381", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nThe Agency reviewed the status of the land in light of the comments it received, the existing case law, and a November 3, 2006 opinion from the United States Department of the Interior (DOI) Solicitor, who has special expertise on Indian country questions. EPA also consulted with the Navajo Nation pursuant to its federal trustee relationship.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nOn February 6, 2007, EPA issued its final determination concluding that the Section 8 land is part of a dependent Indian community under 18 U.S.C. 1151(b) and, thus, \u201cIndian country.\u201d EPA is therefore the appropriate agency to consider underground injection control permit applications under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) for that land. For a copy of the Determination and other supporting material, go to http://www.epa.gov/\u200bregion09/\u200bwater/\u200bgroundwater/\u200bpermit-determination.html."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://encyclopaedic.net/american-encyclopedia-biography/benjamin-franklin?quicktabs_1=0&quicktabs_2=0

encyclopaedic.net • Dictionaries & Encyclopedias • American Encyclopedia - Biography • Benjamin Franklin

["encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nTHIS celebrated individual, the youngest but two of a family of seventeen children, was born at Boston, in Massachusetts, on the 17th of January, 1706. His father was at first a dyer, and afterwards a soap-boiler and tallow-chandler, and had quitted England in order to escape the prosecution of the non-conformists, under Charles II", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHis son Benjamin was sent to a grammar-school at eight years of age, with a view of being educated for the church; but this design was soon abandoned, and the subject of our memoir, after having made a slight progress in writing and arithmetic, returned home, and assisted at his father's trade. This employment was very irksome to Franklin, whose inclinations had become directed to a sea-faring life; and it was at length agreed that he should be apprenticed to his cousin who was a cutler", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nAn obstacle to this, however, arose in the amount of premium required, and he was eventually bound, in his twelfth year, to his brother James, a printer.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHe soon made great progress in this business, and an acquaintance formed with several booksellers' apprentices, enabled him to indulge his love of reading, by borrowing books, which they had facilities to obtain", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIt has often happened to me,' he says, in a memoir of the early part of his life, to pass the greater part of the night in reading by my bed-side, when the book had been lent to me in the evening, and was to be returned the next morning, lest it might be missed or wanted.' This disposition being noticed by a Mr. Matthew Adams, who had a large collection of books, he offered the use of them to Franklin, who soon became an author, and composed several little pieces in verse", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nTwo of these, a ballad, called The Lighthouse Tragedy,' and a song on the noted pirate, Blackbeard, were, by his brother's directions, printed: but the most unpoetic part of the story remains to be told - their author was despatched about the town to sell them. Franklin says, the first had a prodigious run, because the event was recent, and had made a great noise but they were wretched verses in point of style mere blindman's ditties.' His father seems to have been of the same opinion, for he ridiculed", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nthe productions; and thus,' says their author, my exultation was checked, and I escaped the misfortune of being a very miserable poet.' At this period he formed an acquaintance with a young man of the name of Collins, who was also a great lover of books. They were frequently together, and were both fond of disputation, which they sometimes carried on in writing", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nThis, probably, assisted in bringing out some of the dormant qualities of Franklin's mind; but his style was greatly inferior to that of his rival, to improve which he took the following method I bought,' he says, an odd volume of The Spectator, read it over and over, and was much delighted with it. I thought the writing excellent, and wished, if possible, to imitate it", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nWith this view, I took some of the papers, and making short hints of the sentiments in each sentence, laid them by a few days; and then, without looking at the book, tried to complete the papers again, by expressing each hinted sentiment at length, and as fully as it had been expressed before in any suitable words that should occur to me. Then I compared my Spectator with the original, discovered some of my faults, and corrected them", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nBut I found I wanted a stock of words, or a readiness in recollecting and using them, which I thought I should have acquired before that time, if I had gone on making verses; since the continual search for words of the same import, but of different length to suit the measure, or of different sound, for the rhyme, would have laid me under constant necessity of searching for variety, and also have tended to fix that variety in my mind, and make me master of it", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nTherefore I took some of the tales in the Spectator, and turned them into verse; and, after a time, when I had pretty well forgotten the prose, turned them back again. I also, sometimes jumbled my collection of hints into confusion, and, after some weeks, endeavored to reduce them into the best order, before I began to form the full sentences and complete the subject, This was to teach me method in the arrangement of my thoughts", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nBy comparing my works with the original, I discovered many faults, and corrected them; but sometimes had the pleasure to fancy that, in certain particulars of small consequence, I had been fortunate enough to improve the method of the language; and this encouraged me to think that I might, in time, come to be a tolerable English writer, of which I was extremely ambitious.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nFranklin added to his habits of industry a self-denial and control over his passions, even at this early age, which were truly surprising. When. about sixteen, a work fell into his hands, which recommended vegetable diet: this he determined to follow, and undertook to provide for himself, upon his brother's allowing him one-half of the ordinary expense of his board, of which half, even, he contrived, by great abstemiousness, to save a considerable portion", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHere was a new fund for the purchase of books; and he accordingly obtained such as enabled him to perfect himself in those elementary branches of knowledge in which he was deficient, among which were arithmetic and geometry.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1720, his brother established a public paper, entitled The New England Courant, the second that had appeared in America. Franklin was employed to distribute the copies, and, occasionally, being present at the meetings which were held at his brother's house, by a number of literary characters, who were contributors, his, love of authorship was rekindled, and he sent a communication -in the usual way, but in a feigned hand", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIt was received, and commented upon in Franklin's hearing; who, in his memoir, tells us, he had, 'the exquisite pleasure to find that it met with their approbation, and that, in the various conjectures they made respecting its author, no one was mentioned who did not enjoy a high reputation in the country for talents and genius.' Many other articles were written, and forwarded in the same manner, and, being equally well received, their author made himself known; expecting that the discovery would insure for him more respect and greater fraternal indulgence than he had previously experienced", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHis brother, however, continued to treat him with much rigor, and being a man of ungovernable passions, frequently proceeded to the extremity of blows. This severe and tyrannical treatment,' says Franklin, contributed, I believe, to imprint on my mind that aversion to arbitrary power, which, during my whole life, I have ever preserved.'", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nThe brothers, however, had soon occasion to be reconciled with each other. James, in consequence of an offensive article in the Courant, was taken into custody, and imprisoned for a month; Benjamin, during that period, was intrusted with the management of the paper, in which he inserted several pasquinades against the governor and other persons in authority", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nJames's enlargement was accompanied with an arbitrary order, that he should no longer print the newspaper called The New England Courant.' To evade this order, it was determined that his brother's indentures should be given up, and the paper, in future, be printed in the name of Benjamin Franklin", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nA new contract was at the same time secretly entered into between the parties, by which Benjamin's services were to be secured for the remainder of the term of his former apprenticeship; but, a fresh quarrel arising, Franklin thought proper to separate from his brother; dishonorably,' as he candidly acknowledges, availing himself of the circumstance that the contract could not safely be produced.'", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nBeing unable to obtain employment in Boston, he determined upon going to New York; but, apprehending his father would object to this resolution, he sold a part of his books to procure a small sum of money, and departed privately. On his arrival at the latter place, he applied for employment to a printer, who, having no occasion for his services, recommended him to extend his journey to Philadelphia.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHis arrival at Philadelphia is thus recorded by himself I was in my working-dress, my best clothes being to come from New York by sea. I was covered with dirt; my pockets were filled with shirts and stockings; I was unacquainted with a single soul in the place, and knew not where to seek a lodging", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nFatigued with walking and rowing, and having passed the night without sleep, I was extremely hungry, and all my money consisted of a Dutch dollar, and about a shilling's worth of coppers, which I gave to the boatmen for my passage. At first they refused it on account of my having rowed; but I insisted on their taking it. Man is sometimes more generous when he has little money than when he has plenty; perhaps to prevent his being thought to have but little", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nI walked towards the top of the street, gazing about, till near Market Street, where I met a boy with bread, and, inquiring where he had bought it, I went immediately to the baker he directed me to. I asked for biscuits, meaning such as we had at Boston; that sort, it seems, was not then made in Philadelphia. I then asked for a three penny loaf, and was told they had none. Not knowing the different prices, nor the names of the different sorts of bread, I told him to give me three penny worth of any sort", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHe gave me, accordingly, three great puffy rolls. I was surprised at the quantity, but took it; and, having no room in my pockets, walked off with a roll under each arm, and eating the other. Thus I went up Market Street, passing by the door of Mr. Read, my future wife's father, when she, standing at the door, saw me and thought I made, as I certainly did, a most awkward, ridiculous appearance", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nThen I turned and went down Chestnut street, and part of Walnut street, eating my roll all the way; and, coming round, found myself again at Market street wharf, near the boat I came in, to which I went for a draught of river water; and, being filled with one of my rolls, gave the other two to a woman and her child that came down the river in the boat with us, and were waiting to go farther", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nThus refreshed, I walked again up the street, which, by this time, had many clean dressed people in it, who were all walking the same way. I joined them, and thereby was led into the great meeting-house of the Quakers, near the market. I sat down among them, and, after looking round awhile, and hearing nothing said, being very drowsy, through labor and want of rest the preceding night, I fell fast asleep, and continued so till the meeting broke up, when some one was kind enough to rouse me", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHe was not long in obtaining employment with a printer of the name of Keimer; and, during his stay at Philadelphia, was favorably noticed by the governor, Sir William Keith, who frequently invited him to his table; and at length promised to advance the funds requisite to place him in business on his own account", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHe had previously advised his young proteg\u00e9 to proceed to Boston and ask assistance from his father, who, however, gave no encouragement to the scheme, but dismissed Franklin with his blessing, who retured to Philadelphia. Sir William now recommended him to visit England, in order to procure an adequate stock of printing materials, and establish a connection with some London booksellers; and offered to furnish him with letters of credit and introduction", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nUpon this recommendation, Franklin set sail for England, but the ship which carried him to London, in December, 1724, was found to have carried none of the promised letters from the governor of Pennsylvania.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHe was now thrown entirely upon his own resources, and having taken lodgings in Little Britain, at one shilling and nine pence per week, he got into work at Palmer's printing-house, in Bartholomew Close, in which employ he continued for nearly a year. From Palmer's he removed to Watts's, near Lincoln's Inn Fields, where, by his companions, he was dubbed the Water-American", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\n'From my example,' he says, a great many of them left off their muddling breakfast of beer, bread, and cheese, finding they could, with me, be supplied from a neighboring house with a large porringer of hot water-gruel, sprinkled with pepper, crumbled with bread, and a bit of butter in it, for the price of a pint of beer, viz., three-halfpence.' About this period, he fell in with some deistical companions, renounced his religious principles, commenced sceptic, and published A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, in answer to Wollaston's Religion of Nature", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nThis work introduced him to the notice of Sir Hans Sloane, Dr. Mandeville, Dr. Pemberton, and other eminent persons, though Franklin acknowledged the printing of it as one of the errors of his life. After having been in London eighteen months, he accepted the offer of a Mr. Denham, a merchant of Philadelphia, to return with him as his clerk, at a salary of L50. He arrived at Philadelphia on the 11th of October, 1720: but, Mr", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nDenham dying in the following year, his clerk was compelled to return to his former occupation, and again entered into the employ of Keimer; acting in the several capacities of letter-founder, ink-maker, engraver, and copper-plate-printer. The press which he used in the latter calling was constructed by himself, and was the first erected in America. A quarrel with Keimer, led to a final separation between him and Franklin, who now entered into partnership with a young man of the name of Meredith", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nWe had scarcely,' says Franklin, opened our letters and put the press in order, before George House, an acquaintance of ours, brought a countryman to us, whom he had met in the street inquiring for a printer", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nAll our cash had been expended in the variety of particulars we had been obliged to procure, and this countryman's five shillings, being our first fruits, and coming so seasonably, gave me more pleasure than any money I have ever since received.' The frugality and industry of Franklin soon brought their business into a thriving condition, and he began to think of establishing a newspaper, when he was anticipated by Keimer, who started one of his own", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHe now wrote, in conjunction with a friend, a series of papers called The Busy Body, which so much eclipsed the publication of his rival, that he was glad to dispose of his paper, at any price, to Franklin. Meredith proving inattentive to business, Franklin was persuaded to dissolve partnership, and take the concern entirely into his own hands, which he was enabled to accomplish, through the liberal assistance of two acquaintances, who were members of the Junto", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nThis was a club, established by Franklin, for the discussion of subjects connected with morals, politics, and natural philosophy; it eventually became the centre of thought for the whole people; and contributed, in a great degree, to the success of their struggle for independence.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn September, 1730, he married a female to whom he had been previously attached, when she was Miss Read, but who, during his absence, had conceived herself forgotten, and given her hand to a potter, of the name of Rogers. This person had involved himself in debt, and fled to the West Indies, but Franklin's affection was not damped by the probability of the lady's first husband being still alive, and he consented to make her his spouse.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1732, he published his celebrated almanac, under the name of Richard Saunders, more generally known as Poor Richard's Almanack,' and which became so celebrated for its numerous happily-expressed and valuable moral maxims. These were collected, many years afterwards, in to a little tract, called The Way to Wealth; having for its object the ex tension of industry and economy, habits which no man ever practiced more successfully than Franklin himself. Dr", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nBard a Scotchman, residing in Philadelphia, used to say to him, The industry of this Franklin is superior to any thing of the kind I ever witnessed. I see him still at work when I return from the club at night, and I find he is at it again in the morning, before his neighbors are out of bed.' On one occasion, having laid down a rule that he would compose a sheet a day of a particular work, in folio, he had the misfortune, after his evening's labor, to derange two whole pages", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1736, he commenced his political career, by being appointed clerk to the general assembly; and, in the following year, entered upon the duties of post-master", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHe was also appointed an alderman, and put into the commission of the peace; but took no part in the business of the bench, commonly employing himself, while sitting with his brother magistrates, incontriving magic squares and circles.' From this period, till 1744, he was actively and usefully employed in instituting fire companies, erecting public buildings, and establishing philosophical societies", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1744, during the war between England and France, he particularly distinguished himself in procuring means of resistance against the enemy, and succeeded in bringing over the Quakers to give their pecuniary aid. They were, however, particularly scrupulous not to acknowledge that their grants were connect ed with the principle of warfare", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nWhen, therefore, the assembly was ap plied to, for a certain quantity of gunpowder, the members would not comply with the request; but voted L3,000 to be placed in the hands of the governor, for the purchase of bread, flour, wheat, or other grain.' The governor was advised not to accept the grant, but he replied - ' I shall take the money; \"other grain\" means gunpowder.' Franklin, hearing of this, suggested that the insurance companies, which were also well stocked with Quakers, might likewise very properly contribute their aid, by a grant for the purchase of fire-engines.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1745, he published an account of his newly-invented fire-place; and, in 1747, was elected a member of the general assembly; in which he was an active defender of the rights of the citizens in opposition to the encroachments of the proprietaries. He introduced several measures relative to the local government of Philadelphia; and busily employed himself in establishing public schools and founding hospitals", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1749, he took one of his workmen into partnership; and was thus enabled to devote a considerable portion of his time to scientific pursuits, of which it is now time to give some account. At this period, our readers need not, perhaps, be told that electricity was a science which could hardly be said to consist of anything more than a collection of unsystematized and ill-understood facts", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nFranklin's attention seems to have been first directed to this subject in 1746, when, being at Boston, he met with a Dr. Spence, who had lately arrived from Scotland, and lowed him some electrical experiments. They were not very expertly performed, but being,' said Franklin, on a subject quite new to me, they equally surprised and pleased me. Soon after my return to Philadelphia, our library company received, from Mr. Peter Collinson, F", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIt S., of London, a present of a glass tube, with some account of the use of it in making experiments. I eagerly seized the opportunity of repeating what I had seen at Boston; and, by much practice, acquired great readiness in performing those also which we had an account of from Eng land, adding a number of new ones. I say much practice, for my house was continually full, for some time, with persons who came to see these new wonders", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nTo divide a little of this incumbrance among my friends, I caused a number of similar tubes to be blown in our glass-house, with which they furnished themselves; so that we had, at length, several performers.'", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nNone were now more zealous in electrical investigations, than Franklin; he was continually devising new experiments, and falling upon important results. He exhibited the power of points in drawing and throwing off the electrical matter; and made the grand discovery of a positive and negative state of electricity. By means of this discovery he satisfactorily explained the phenomena of the Leyden phial, which was at that time exciting the wonder of all Europe, and had caused philosophers so much perplexity", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHis happiest conjecture, however, was that of the identity between lightning and the electric fluid, though it was not till 1752, that he was enabled, effectually, to establish this important fact. He had long entertained the bold idea of ascertaining the truth of this doctrine, by actually drawing lightning from the clouds; and at length it occurred to him that he might procure communication between them and the earth by means of a common kite", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nWith this simple apparatus, he awaited the approach of a thundercloud, and the kite was raised, but no sign of electricity appeared. His suspense and anxiety were almost insupportable; when suddenly he observed the loose fibres of the string to move he presented his knuckle to to the key by which it was held, and received a strong spark. On this experiment depended the fate of his theory", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nRepeated sparks were drawn from the key - a phial was charged - a shock given - and this brilliant discovery placed upon an immutable basis.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nFranklin, from time to time, forwarded accounts of his experiments to England, for the information of the Royal Society; but they were not admitted into the printed transactions of that learned body. His friend, Mr. Collinson, gave them to Cave, for insertion in The Gentleman's Magazine; but Cave, with great judgment, thought proper to publish them separately, in a pamphlet, the preface to which was written by Dr. Fothergill", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nBy the additions which were subsequently made to this little work, it swelled into a quarto volume, and became the text-book of the science. It was translated into French, German, and Latin, and attracted the attention of all the philosophers in Europe. In France, the highest honors were paid to Franklin's labors: Buffon, D'Alibard, and De Lor, repeated and confirmed his experiments; and the king himself, Louis XV, became a spectator of them", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nRussia, even, participated in this ardor, and the amiable Richmann fell a martyr to his zeal - an unfortunate flash from the conductor putting, a period to his existence. Eventually, the Royal Society began to reconsider the matter; and Franklin's grand experiment, the object of which had, at first, been treated with ridicule, was verified by Canton, and other members", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nFranklin was, accordingly, without solicitation, elected a fellow, and had paid to him the unusual honor of being chosen without payment of the customary fees. He was also presented with the Copley medal for the year 1753; and, at a subsequent period, he had the degree of LL.D. conferred upon him by the Universities of St. Andrew's, Edinburgh, and Oxford.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nWe now resume our account of Franklin's political career. In the year just mentioned, he was presented with the degree of M.A., by the College of Cambridge, in New England; and, in the same year, he was appointed deputy postmaster-general for the British colonies. The American postoffice had never previously made any returns for the revenue; but under the management and improvements of Franklin, it yielded to the crown three times as much as the post-office of Ireland", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1754, he drew up his celebrated Albany Plan of Union, as a means of defense against the depredations of the Indians. The rejection of this plan was followed by the introduction of British troops into the colonies; this produced taxation, and was soon succeeded by the war, which ended in the final loss of America to the mother-country.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1755, when the expedition of Gen. Braddock, to dispossess the French of some of their encroachments, was in preparation, a difficulty arose for want of wagons, which Franklin supplied to the number of one hundred and fifty. The expedition, however, failing, he was in danger of a ruinous loss, but was relieved from his obligations by the interference of the governor", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHe was, subsequently, instrumental in forming a militia bill; and he was appointed colonel of the Philadelphia regiment of one thousand two hundred men, which he held until the troops were disbanded by order of the English government.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nOn the 27th of July, 1757, Franklin arrived in London, in the character of agent to the general assembly, for the purpose of advocating the privileges of the people against the illiberal and unjust encroachments of the proprietaries. Much prejudice and delusion existed at the time in relation to the affairs of America; and Franklin, in consequence, published, anonymously, a work, entitled An Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of Pennsylvania", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nDuring his sojourn in England, he was engaged in a variety of political controversies, and was examined before a committee of the whole house of commons, relative to the practicability of enforcing the stamp act, which, in consequence of the information he afforded, was repealed. He returned to Philadelphia in the summer of 1762; and shortly afterwards received the thanks of the assembly, and a grant of L5,000", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1764, through the exertions of the proprietaries, he lost his seat in the house; but there still remained in it a majority of his friends, and he was appointed to resume his agency at the court of Great Britain.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1766, he visited Holland and Germany; and, in the following year, France, where Louis XV showed him particular marks of attention. After his return to England he got embroiled relative to some political papers which had been clandestinely furnished to him, and which he forwarded to America, where they were published. He was, in consequence, dismissed from his office of deputy postmaster-general, after having been summoned before the privy-council, and severely censured", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHe was now looked upon by government with considerable jealousy, and it was proposed to arrest him upon the charge of fomenting a rebellion; but being apprised of this intention, he contrived to leave England secretly, in March, 1775.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nOn his return to Philadelphia, he was elected a delegate to the congress, and took an active part in bringing about a revolution. It was at this period he wrote the following memorable letter to his old friend in England, Mr. Strahan, the king's printer: -", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\n'PHILADELPHIA, July 5, 1775. Mr. STRAHAN: - You are a member of parliament, and one of that majority which has doomed my country to destruction. You have begun to burn our towns, and murder our people. Look upon your hands! They are signed with the blood of your relations. You and I were long friends: - you are now my enemy, and I am yours, B . FRANKLIN.'", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn 1776, although in his seventy-first year, he was called upon by Congress, to proceed to France, for the purpose of completing the negotiations begun by Silas Deane and, in 1777, he was appointed plenipotentiary to the French court. He had now not only created a host of political enemies in Great Britain, but was also attacked by certain philosophical opponents. Mr. Wilson, F.R.S., protested against pointed conductors, and performed several experiments, in order to prove the superiority of knobs", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nIn consequence of Wilson's declarations, the pointed lightning conductors were taken down from the queen's palace, a circumstance which gave rise to the following epigram:", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nWhilst you, great George, for safety hunt,\nAnd sharp conductors change for blunt,\nThe empire's out of joint:\nFranklin a wiser course pursues:\nAnd all your thunder fearless views,\nBy keeping to the point.'", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nA definitive treaty of peace having been signed between Great Britain and the United States, on the 3d of September 1783, Franklin requested to be recalled home. He arrived at Philadelphia in September, 1785, and was afterwards twice elected president of the assembly. His last public act was the signing of a memorial, on the 12th of February, 1789, for the abolition of slavery.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHe had been, for many years, subject to attacks of the gout, to which, in 1782, was added a nephritic colic; and, about the same period, he suffered the first pains of a disease, the most distressing in the list of bodily infirmities", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nThey were three things he had always dreaded; and he used to observe, that, in relation to this complication of disorders, he was something like the woman who had always entertained a great aversion to Presbyterians, parsons, and Irishmen, and at last married an Irish presbyterian parson.' These maladies confined him to his bed during the greater part of the last year of his life; but, notwithstanding the severe pains he labored under, his natural cheerfulness never forsook him", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nHis mental faculties were unimpaired, and his memory continued unaffected to the last hour .of his existence. He was often obliged to take large doses of opium; but, in his moments of ease, he amused himself with reading, or in affectionate conversation with his family. He died on the 17th of April, 1790, and was buried on the 21st of April, in the cemetery of Christ's Church, Philadelphia", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 American Encyclopedia - Biography \u2022 Benjamin Franklin\nOn the occasion of his funeral, every possible mark of public respect was shown to his memory: a general mourning, for one month, was ordered throughout America; and the national assembly of France paid a like honor in remembrance of his virtues."]

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http://encyclopaedic.net/dominion-air-story-aerial-navigation/chapter-xx-chapter-accidents?page=2&quicktabs_1=1

encyclopaedic.net • Dictionaries & Encyclopedias • The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation • CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.

["encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nIt will have been gathered from what has been already stated that the balloonist is commonly in much uncertainty as to his precise course when he is above the clouds, or when unable from darkness to see the earth beneath him. With a view of overcoming this disadvantage some original experiments were suggested by a distinguished officer, who during the seventies had begun to interest himself in aeronautics.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThis was Captain Burnaby. His method was to employ two small silk parachutes, which, if required, might carry burning magnesium wires, and which were to be attached to each other by a length of silk thread. On dropping one parachute, it would first partake of the motion of the balloon, but would presently drop below, when the second parachute would be dismissed, and then an imaginary line drawn between the two bodies was supposed to betray the balloon's course", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nIt should be mentioned, however, that if a careful study is made of the course of many descending parachutes it will be found that their behaviour is too uncertain to be relied upon for such a purpose as the above. They will often float behind the balloon's wake, but sometimes again will be found in front, and sometimes striking off in some side direction, so wayward and complex are the currents which control such small bodies. Mr", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nGlaisher has stated that a balloon's course above the clouds may be detected by observing the grapnel, supposed to be hanging below the car, as this would be seen to be out of the vertical as the balloon drifted, and thus serve to indicate the course. However this may be, the most experienced sky sailors will be found to be in perplexity as to their direction, as also their speed, when view of the earth is obscured.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nBut Captain Burnaby is associated notably with the adventurous side of ballooning, the most famous of his aerial exploits being, perhaps, that of crossing the English Channel alone from Dover on March 23rd, 1882. Outwardly, he made presence of sailing to Paris by sky to dine there that evening; inwardly, he had determined to start simply with a wind which bid fair for a cross-Channel trip, and to take whatever chances it might bring him.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThus, at 10.30 a.m., just as the mail packet left the pier, he cast off with a lifting power which rapidly carried him to a height of 2,000 feet, when he found his course to be towards Folkestone. But by shortly after 11 o'clock he had decided that he was changing his direction, and when, as he judged, some seven miles from Boulogne, the wind was carrying him not across, but down the Channel", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThen, for nearly four hours, the balloon shifted about with no improvement in the outlook, after which the wind fell calm, and the balloon remained motionless at 2,000 feet above the sea. This state of things continuing for an hour, the Captain resolved on the heroic expedient of casting out all his ballast and philosophically abiding the issue", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThe manoeuvre turned out a happy one, for the balloon, shooting up to 11,000 feet, caught a current, on which it was rapidly carried towards and over the main land; and, when twelve miles beyond Dieppe, it became easy to descend to a lower level by manipulation of the valve, and finally to make a successful landing in open country beyond.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nA few years before, an attempt to cross the Channel from the other side ended far more disastrously. Jules Duruof, already mentioned as having piloted the first runaway balloon from beleaguered Paris, had determined on an attempt to cross over to England from Calais; and, duly advertising the event, a large concourse assembled on the day announced, clamouring loudly for the ascent", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nBut the wind proved unsuitable, setting out over the North Sea, and the mayor thought fit to interfere, and had the car removed so as to prevent proceedings. On this the crowd grew impatient, and Duruof, determining to keep faith with them, succeeded by an artifice in regaining his car, which he hastily carried back to the balloon, and immediately taking his seat, and accompanied by his wife, the intrepid pair commenced their bold flight just as the shades of evening were settling down", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nShortly the balloon disappeared into the gathering darkness, and then for three days Calais knew no more of balloon or balloonists.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nNeither could the voyagers see aught for certain of their own course, and thus through the long night hours their attention was wholly needed, without chance of sleep, in closely watching their situation, lest unawares they should be borne down on the waves. When morning broke they discovered that they were still being carried out over the sea on a furious gale, being apparently off the Danish coast, with the distant mountains of Norway dimly visible on the starboard bow", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nIt was at this point, and possibly owing to the chill commonly experienced aloft soon after dawn, that the balloon suddenly took a downward course and plunged into the sea, happily, however,fairly in the track of vessels. Presently a ship came in sight, but cruelly kept on its course, leaving the castaways in despair, with their car fast succumbing to the waves.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nHelp, nevertheless, was really at hand. The captain of an English fishing smack, the Grand Charge, had sighted the sinking balloon, and was already bearing down to the rescue. It is said that when, at length, a boat came alongside as near as it was possible, Madame Duruof was unable to make the necessary effort to jump on board, and her husband had to throw her into the arms of the sailors", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nA fitting sequel to the story comes from Paris, where the heroic couple, after a sojourn in England, were given a splendid reception and a purse of money, with which M. Duruof forthwith constructed a new balloon, named the \"Ville de Calais.\"", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nOn the 4th of March, 1882, the ardent amateur balloonist, Mr. Simmons, had a narrow escape in circumstances somewhat similar to the above. He was attempting, in company with Colonel Brine, to cross the Channel from Canterbury, when a change of wind carried them out towards the North Sea. Falling in the water, they abandoned their balloon, but were rescued by the mail packet Foam.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThe same amateur aeronaut met with an exciting experience not long after, when in company with Sir Claude C. de Crespigny. The two adventurers left Maldon, in Essex, at 11 p.m., on an August night, and, sailing at a great height out to sea, lost all sight of land till 6 a.m. the next morning, when, at 17,000 feet altitude, they sighted the opposite coast and descended in safety near Flushing.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nYet another adventure at sea, and one which proved fatal and unspeakably regrettable, occurred about this time, namely, on the 10th of December, 1881, when Captain Templer, Mr. W. Powell, M.P., and Mr. Agg-Gardner ascended from Bath. We prefer to give the account as it appears in a leading article in the Times for December 13th of that year.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nAfter sailing over Glastonbury, \"Crewkerne was presently sighted, then Beaminster. The roar of the sea gave the next indication of the locality to which the balloon had drifted and the first hint of the possible perils of the voyage. A descent was now effected to within a few hundred feet of earth, and an endeavour was made to ascertain the exact position they had reached. The course taken by the balloon between Beaminster and the sea is not stated in Captain Templer's letter", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThe wind, as far as we can gather, must have shifted, or different currents of air must have been found at the different altitudes. What Captain Templer says is that they coasted along to Symonsbury, passing, it would seem, in an easterly direction and keeping still very near to the earth. Soon after they had left Symonsbury, Captain Templer shouted to a man below to tell them how far they were from Bridport, and he received for answer that Bridport was about a mile off", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThe pace at which the balloon was moving had now increased to thirty-five miles an hour. The sea was dangerously close, and a few minutes in a southerly current of air would have been enough to carry them over it. They seem, however, to have been confident in their own powers of management. They threw out ballast, and rose to a height of 1,500 feet, and thence came down again only just in time, touching the ground at a distance of about 150 yards from the cliff", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThe balloon here dragged for a few feet, and Captain Templer, who had been letting off the gas, rolled out of the car, still holding the valve line in his hand. This was the last chance of a safe escape for anybody. The balloon, with its weight lightened, went up about eight feet. Mr. Agg-Gardner dropped out and broke his leg. Mr. Powell now remained as the sole occupant of the car. Captain Templer, who had still hold of the rope, shouted to Mr. Powell to come down the line", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThis he attempted to do, but in a few seconds, and before he could commence his perilous descent, the line was torn out of Captain Templer's hands. All communication with the earth was cut off, and the balloon rose rapidly, taking Mr. Powell with it in a south-easterly direction out to sea.\"", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nIt was a few seasons previous to this, namely, on the 8th of July, 1874, when Mr. Simmons was concerned in a balloon fatality of a peculiarly distressing nature. A Belgian, Vincent de Groof, styling himself the \"Flying Man,\" announced his intention of descending in a parachute from a balloon piloted by Mr. Simmons, who was to start from Cremorne Gardens. The balloon duly ascended, with De Groof in his machine suspended below, and when over St", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nLuke's Church, and at a height estimated at 80 feet, it is thought that the unfortunate man overbalanced himself after detaching his apparatus, and fell forward, clinging to the ropes. The machine failed to open, and De Groof was precipitated into Robert Street, Chelsea, expiring almost immediately. The porter of Chelsea Infirmary, who was watching the balloon, asserted that he fancied the falling man called out twice, \"Drop into the churchyard; look out!\" Mr", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nSimmons, shooting upwards in his balloon, thus suddenly lightened, to a great height, became insensible, and when he recovered consciousness found himself over Victoria Park. He made a descent, without mishap, on a line of railway in Essex.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nOn the 19th of August, 1887, occurred an important total eclipse of the sun, the track of which lay across Germany, Russia, Western Siberia, and Japan. At all suitable stations along the shadow track astronomers from all parts of the world established themselves; but at many eclipses observers had had bad fortune owing to the phenomenon at the critical moment being obscured. And on this account one astronomer determined on measures which should render his chances of a clear view a practical certainty", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nProfessor Mendeleef, in Russia, resolved to engage a balloon, and by rising above the cloud barrier, should there be one, to have the eclipse all to himself. It was an example of fine enthusiasm, which, moreover, was presently put to a severe and unexpected test, for the balloon, when inflated, proved unable to take up both the aeronaut and the astronomer, whereupon the latter, though wholly inexperienced, had no alternative but to ascend alone, which, either by accident or choice, he actually did", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nShooting up into space, he soon reached an altitude of 11,500 feet, where he obtained, even if he did not enjoy, an unobstructed view of the Corona. It may be supposed, however, that, owing to the novelty of his situation, his scientific observations may not have been so complete as they would have been on terra firma.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nIn the same month an attempt to reach a record height was made by MM. Jovis and Mallet at Paris, with the net result that an elevation of 23,000 feet was reached. It will have been noted that the difficulty through physical exhaustion of inhaling oxygen from either a bag or cylinder is a serious matter not easily overcome, and it has been suggested that the helmet invented by M. Fleuss might prove of value", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThis contrivance, which has scarcely attracted the attention it has merited, provides a receptacle for respiration, containing oxygen and certain purifying media, by means of which the inventor was able to remain for hours under water without any communication with the outward air.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nAbout the period at which we have now arrived two fatal accidents befel English aeronauts. We have related how Maldon, in Essex, was associated with one of the more adventurous exploits in Mr. Simmons's career. It was fated also to be associated with the voyage with which his career closed. On August 27th, 1888, he ascended from Olympia in company with Mr. Field, of West Brighton, and Mr", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nMyers, of the Natural History Museum, with the intention, if practicable, of crossing to Flanders; and the voyage proceeded happily until the neighbourhood of Maldon was reached, when, as the sea coast was in sight, and it was already past five o'clock, it appeared prudent to Mr. Simmons to descend and moor the balloon for the night", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nSome labourers some three miles from Maldon sighted the balloon coming up at speed, and at the same time descending until its grapnel commenced tearing through a field of barley, when ballast was thrown out, causing the balloon to rise again towards and over some tall elms, which became the cause of the disaster which followed", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThe grapnel, catching in the upper boughs of one of these trees, held fast, while the balloon, borne by the force of a strong wind, was repeatedly blown down to earth with violence, rebounding each time to a considerable height, only to be flung down again on the same spot. After three or four impacts the balloon is reported to have burst with a loud noise, when high in the air, the silk being blown about over the field, and the car and its occupants dashed to the ground", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nHelp was unavailing till this final catastrophe, and when, at length, the labourers were able to extricate the party, Mr. Simmons was found with a fractured skull and both companions badly injured.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nFour summers later, June 30th, 1892, Captain Dale, the aeronaut to the Crystal Palace, was announced to make an ascent from the usual balloon grounds, weather permitting. Through the night and morning a violent storm prevailed, and it was contemplated that the exhibition would be withdrawn; but the wind abating in the afternoon, the inflation was proceeded with, and the ascent took place shortly before 6 p.m., not, however, before a large rent had been discovered and repaired as far as possible by Mrs", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nDale. As passengers, there ascended the Captain's son William, aged nineteen, Mr. J. Macintosh, and Mr. Cecil Shadbolt. When the balloon had reached an altitude estimated at 600 feet the onlookers were horrified to see it suddenly collapse, a large rent having developed near the top part of the silk, from which the gas \"rushed out in a dense mass, allowing the balloon to fall like a rag.\" The occupants of the car were seen to be throwing out everything madly, even wrenching the buttons from their clothing", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nAll, however, with little avail, for the balloon fell \"with a sickening thud,\" midway between the Maze and lower lake. All were found alive; but Captain Dale, who had alighted on his back, died in a few minutes; Mr. Shadbolt succumbed later, and both remaining passengers sustained terrible injuries.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nFew balloon mishaps, unattended with fatal results, have proved more exciting than the following. A large party had ascended from Belfast, in a monster balloon, under the guidance of Mr. Coxwell, on a day which was very unfit for the purpose by reason of stormy weather. A more serious trouble than the wind, however, lay in several of the passengers themselves, who seem to have been highly excitable Irishmen, incapable at the critical moment of quietly obeying orders", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nThe principal hero of the story, a German. Mr. Runge, in writing afterwards to the Ulster Observer, entirely exonerates Mr. Coxwell from any blame, attributing his mischances solely to the reprehensible conduct of his companions. On approaching the ground, Mr. Coxwell gave clear instructions. The passengers were to sit down in an unconstrained position facing each other, and be prepared for some heavy shocks", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nAbove all things they were to be careful to get out one by one, and on no account to leave hold of the car. Many of the passengers, however, refused to sit down, and, according to Mr. Runge, \"behaved in the wildest manner, losing completely their self-control. Seizing the valve rope themselves, they tore it away from its attachment, the stronger pushing back the weaker, and refusing to lend help when they had got out. In consequence of this the car, relieved of their weight, tore away from the grasp of Mr", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nCoxwell and those who still clung to it, and rose above the trees, with Mr. Runge and one other passenger, Mr. Halferty, alone within. As the balloon came earthwards again, they shouted to the countrymen for succour, but without the slightest avail, and presently, the anchor catching, the car struck the earth with a shock which threw Mr. Halferty out on the ground, leaving Mr. Runge to rise again into the air, this time alone.\" He thus continues the story: -", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\n\"The balloon moved on, very soon, in a horizontal direction straight towards the sea, which we were then rapidly nearing. Coming to a farm, I shouted out to the people standing there. Some women, with their quick humane instincts, were the first to perceive my danger, and exhorted the men to hurry to my assistance, they themselves running as fast as they could to tender what little help they might be able to give me. The anchor stuck in a willow tree", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nI shouted out to the people below to secure the cable and anchor by ropes, which they did. The evening was now beautifully still, the breeze had died away, and the balloon was swinging calmly at her moorings above the farmhouse. One of the men asked me whether I had a rope with me, and how I intended to get out. I told them only to take care of the cable, because the balloon would settle down by herself before long. I was congratulating myself on a speedy escape from my dangerous position", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nI had not counted on the wind. A breeze in about six or eight minutes sprang up, tossed the balloon about like a large sail, then a crash, and - the anchor was loose again. It tore through the trees, flinging limbs and branches about like matches. It struck the roof of the farmhouse, splintering the chimneys and tiles like glass.", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\n\"On I went; I came near another farm; shouted out for help, and told the men to secure the anchor to the foot of a large tree close by. The anchor was soon made fast, but this was only a momentary relief. The breeze again filled the half-empty balloon like a sail, there was a severe strain on the cable, then a dull sound, and a severe concussion of the basket - the cable, strange fatality, had broken, and the anchor, my last and only hope, was gone", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nI was now carried on in a straight direction towards the sea, which was but a short distance ahead. The anchor being lost I gave up all hope. I sat down resigned in the car, and prepared for the end. All at once I discovered that a side current was drifting me towards the mountain; the car struck the ground, and was dashing along at a fearful rate, knocking down stone fences and breaking everything it came in contact with in its wild career. By-and-by the knocks became less frequent", "encyclopaedic.net \u2022 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias \u2022 The Dominion of the Air - The Story of Aerial Navigation \u2022 CHAPTER XX. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.\nWe were passing over a cultivated country, and the car was, as it were skimming the surface and grazing the top of the hedges. I saw a thick hawthorn hedge at some distance before me, and the balloon rapidly sweeping towards it. That was my only chance. I rushed to the edge of the car and flung myself down upon the hedge.\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/8111

Physicochemical characterization of La2(CO3)3.4H3O, a new and promising agent for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia

["Physicochemical characterization of La2(CO3)3.4H3O, a new and promising agent for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia\nLatin American Journal of Pharmacy\nPhysicochemical characterization of La2(CO3)3.4H3O, a new and promising agent for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia\nAutor: Bar\u00e1n, Enrique Jos\u00e9", "Physicochemical characterization of La2(CO3)3.4H3O, a new and promising agent for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia\nThe synthesis of La2(CO3)3.4H2O was carefully investigated, on the basis of the thermal behavior (TG and DTA measurements) of the corresponding octahydrate, used as the precursor. The analysis of the X-ray powder diagrams of La2(CO3)3.4H2O showed that this hydrate crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system with Z = 8. The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of La2(CO3)3.4H2O and of La2(CO3)3.4H2O were recorded and assigned", "Physicochemical characterization of La2(CO3)3.4H3O, a new and promising agent for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia\nRevista: Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 30, no. 1\nInstituci\u00f3n de origen: Colegio de Farmac\u00e9uticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires\nMaterias: Farmacia\nDescriptores: Trastornos del Metabolismo del F\u00f3sforo; Cristalograf\u00eda; Lantano\nPalabras clave: crystallographic data; hyperphosphatemia; lanthanum carbonate tetrahydrate; thermal behavior; vibrational spectra\nwww.latamjpharm.org/...\nLatin American Journal of Pharmacy \u2192 vol. 30, no. 01"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40278-018-48622-4

Propranolol | Reactions Weekly

["Propranolol | Reactions Weekly\nReactions Weekly\nJuly 2018 , Volume 1709, Issue 1, pp 211\u2013211 | Cite as\nDiarhhoea, insomnia and somnolence: 5 case reports\nKagami S, et al. Thirty-two Japanese cases of infantile hemangiomas treated with oral propranolol. Journal of Dermatology 45: 719-722, No. 6, Jun 2018. Available from: URL: http://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.14316 - Japan\n\u00a9 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018\nReactions Weekly (2018) 1709: 211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40278-018-48622-4\nPublisher Name Springer International Publishing"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://ro.uow.edu.au/commpapers/2975/

"A note on 'Überveillance'" by M G. Michael and Katina Michael

["A note on '\u00dcberveillance' by M G. Michael and Katina Michael\nA note on '\u00dcberveillance'\nM G. Michael, University of WollongongFollow\nKatina Michael, University of WollongongFollow\nMichael, M. G. & Michael, K. (2007). A note on '\u00dcberveillance'. In K. Michael & M. G. Michael (Eds.), The Second Workshop on the Social Implications of National Security: From Dataveillance to Uberveillance and the Realpolitik of the Transparent Society (pp. 9-25). Wollongong: University of Wollongong.", "A note on '\u00dcberveillance' by M G. Michael and Katina Michael\nThe following note from the editors presents a summary of the term \u00fcberveillance, as it was originally presented by the primary author in May 2006. \u00dcberveillance is an above and beyond, an exaggerated, an almost omnipresent 24/7 electronic surveillance. It is a surveillance that is not only \u201calways on\u201d but \u201calways with you\u201d (it is ubiquitous) because the technology that facilitates it, in its ultimate implementation, is embedded within the human body", "A note on '\u00dcberveillance' by M G. Michael and Katina Michael\nThe problem with this kind of bodily invasive surveillance is that omnipresence in the \u2018material\u2019 world will not always equate with omniscience, hence the real concern for misinformation, misinterpretation, and information manipulation."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.wabash.edu/news/displaystory.cfm?news_id=9760&photo_album_id=3446

Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting | Wabash College

["Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting | Wabash College\nHome Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting\n\u2022 January 25, 2013 Share: Wabash College\u2019s annual Celebration of Student Research, Scholarship, and Creative Work featured more student participants Friday than any of the previous 12 years.", "Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting | Wabash College\nStudents presented research posters and gave oral presentations from 1-4:30 Friday in Detchon Hall. The event\u2019s faculty chairman Lon Porter said it gives all the campus a chance to peak in on other disciplines and admire student work.\nSam Hatcher \u201913 may have had one of the more unique presentations combining art, nature and personal experience. The Montgomery County native is an English major and art minor. He brought his close connection to nature into his advanced studio art class.", "Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting | Wabash College\n\u201cMy art explores natural connections,\u201d he explained. \u201cThe pieces speak for themselves. I\u2019m just here to put them together and get out of the way from as much of that process as I can. It\u2019s showing where these things are coming from and respecting what comes out of that process. These pieces accumulate themselves and they make their way to my studio and this piece will connect with that. The only technical part is getting them to connect in a way that looks natural.\u201d", "Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting | Wabash College\nHatcher grew up in rural Montgomery County and has grown up around the feathers, stones, tree limbs, bones, and other artifacts that make up his art. \u201cThat\u2019s where I become the ultimate connecter as the artist,\u201d he said. \u201cThat\u2019s where I introduce myself. That\u2019s where I can get something people have never seen before and then tie in things. It\u2019s how I\u2019m able to show what was and is a part of me.\u201d", "Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting | Wabash College\nThe poster presentations are as varied as the studies of Wabash\u2019s 900 students ranging from the highly technical chemistry, biology, and psychological research to the rhetoric of President Kennedy and Interracial Dating in the New Millennium.", "Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting | Wabash College\nFor the students, the experience is unique and enjoyable. \u201cIt\u2019s definitely a test of how much you know and how well you know it,\u201d said Jake Schild \u201813, who was presenting his research on Therapy\u2019s Role in Medicare Reimbursement. \u201cYou have to explain it to people who don\u2019t know anything about any of it. You want to be able to go through and pick out the most important points but not leave them confused over what you\u2019re talking about.", "Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting | Wabash College\n\u201cIt\u2019s a really good experience and exercise looking at how to actually describe a project to those who aren\u2019t in your field.\u201d\nOral presentations were, perhaps, even more varied. Presentations by Ryan Lutz \u201913, reading from his novel to sophomore Stephen Batchelder\u2019s talk on Hierarchical Games: Elite Romans, Gladiators, and Hierarchy. Or there was Bradley Hopper \u201814 discussing Bread and Juicy Gossip: The Social World of Ancient Bakeries.", "Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting | Wabash College\nEach year three students are awarded a $150 prize recognizing the effective use of library resources in the development of their presentation. The program is made possible by C.K. and Robert Wedgeworth \u201959. The three winners were: Jeffrey Bohorquez \u201813, Escobar, the Boss of Evil, International Ambassador of Columbia; Julian Jose Cernuda \u201813, The Logical Man in Borges\u2019 World of Chance and Disorder; Bradley Wise \u201914, Ecuador: Afro-Ecuadorian Culture Documentary.", "Student Research Varied, Creative, Exciting | Wabash College\nPhoto Galleries 2013 Celebration of Student Research, Scholarship and Creative Work, No. 2\n2013 Celebration of Student Research, Scholarship, and Creative Work"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2011/06/24/2011-15768/gulf-of-mexico-fishery-management-council-public-meeting

Federal Register :: Request Access

["Federal Register :: Request Access\nGulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting\nA Notice by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on\nPublication Date: Friday, June 24, 2011\nDates: The meeting will convene at 1 p.m. on Tuesday, July 12, 2011 and conclude by 5 p.m., Wednesday, July 13, 2011.\nAction: Council to convene a public meeting.\nRIN:\n0648-XA51\nShorter URL: https://federalregister.gov/a/2011-15768 Action\nCouncil To Convene A Public Meeting.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nThe Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council will convene a meeting of the Ad Hoc Red Snapper Individual Fishing Quota (IFQ) 5-year Review Panel.\nThe meeting will convene at 1 p.m. on Tuesday, July 12, 2011 and conclude by 5 p.m., Wednesday, July 13, 2011.\nThe meeting will be held at the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council, 2203 North Lois Avenue, Suite 1100, Tampa, FL 33607; telephone: (813) 348-1630.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nCouncil address: Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council, 2203 N. Lois Avenue, Suite 1100, Tampa, FL 33607.\nDr. Assane Diagne, Economist; Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; telephone: (813) 348-1630.\nThe ad hoc red snapper IFQ advisory panel will discuss issues related to the 5-year review of the red snapper IFQ program and consider potential improvements to the program.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nCopies of the agenda and other related materials can be obtained by calling (813) 348-1630 or can be downloaded from the Council's ftp site, ftp.gulfcouncil.org.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nAlthough other non-emergency issues not on the agenda may come before the Scientific and Statistical Committees for discussion, in accordance with the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, those issues may not be the subject of formal action during this meeting", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nActions of the Scientific and Statistical Committees will be restricted to those issues specifically identified in the agenda and any issues arising after publication of this notice that require emergency action under Section 305(c) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, provided the public has been notified of the Council's intent to take action to address the emergency.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nThis meeting is physically accessible to people with disabilities. Requests for sign language interpretation or other auxiliary aids should be directed to Kathy Pereira at the Council (see ADDRESSES) at least 5 working days prior to the meeting.\nDated: June 20, 2011.\nTracey L. Thompson,\nActing Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service."]

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https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/nov/19/joequeenan

Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian

["Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nDead and not gone\nDeath is not the end, as this month's clutch of films with deceased characters taking centre-stage shows. It's good to have them around, but keep an eye on them...\nNominees ... Rachel Weisz and Ralph Fiennes in The Constant Gardener\nJoe Queenan", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nIn accepting the Nobel Prize for Literature, William Faulkner famously declared: \"The past isn't dead; it's not even past.\" This dictum certainly applies to this month's troika of crowd-pleasers: Flightplan, The Constant Gardener and The Brothers Grimm, where the dead play at least as important a role as the living, and sometimes even manage to upstage folks who are still breathing", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nSince many of us believe that motion pictures express the subliminal desires, fears and neuroses of the viewing public, the presence of so many ghosts, wraiths and spectres in current cinema may indicate growing concern on the part of ordinary people that the dead are no longer playing by the rules. Conversely, one could make the case that as the dead provide far better company than the living - this is certainly true in my family - it's kind of nice to have them around.", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nEach of these movies is highly enjoyable in its own way. In Flightplan, Jodie Foster plays an avionics expert flying home from Berlin to the United States with the coffin containing her husband's corpse ensconced in the bowels of the aircraft. Early scenes in which Foster interacts with the ghost of her inamorato lay the groundwork for what follows, diplomatically suggesting that Jodie may have a few screws loose", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nThis is an increasingly popular view among the harried staff of the luxurious and astoundingly commodious aeroplane, who, in addition to their normal wait-staffing duties, must now placate a high-strung yuppie who insists that her eight-year-old child has disappeared since she boarded the plane. Since no one can recall seeing the child, and since the abduction seems like a physical impossibility, everyone is in a bit of a pickle", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nFoster, who has made a career out of being mistreated by predatory males (Taxi Driver, The Accused, The Silence Of The Lambs, Panic Room), has pretty free run of the aircraft, which she helped design; this may explain why the film has been such a success in the States", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nThe fact is, this little honey is the most spacious, most elegant airplane you're ever going to see, and except for the inevitable furore caused by the alleged kidnapping, everyone on board seems to be having an ergonomically pleasurable flight. True, Flightplan does fall apart at the end, as the already improbable plot spins completely out of control, but this does not diminish its entertainment value", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nTo complain that Flightplan's climax is far-fetched is like complaining that The Matrix is unrealistic, because nobody would ever dream of asking someone named Neo or Keanu to save mankind from destruction.", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nFoster, as usual, is both vulnerable and insuperable, both victim and avenger, as the spunky gal who gets pushed one step too far by the forces of evil; Sean Bean, as usual, is banished to an undernourished role by an industry that can never find the right vehicle for his talents", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nI will not spoil the ending by divulging what role Foster's deceased husband - or his coffin - plays in the proceedings, but believe you me, in films like Flightplan, it's a good idea to keep the recently deceased right out in the open where you can keep an eye on them. You never know what the dead can get up to in films like this.", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nThe Constant Gardener is one of those films that not only looks, but sounds, a lot better than it is. Based on a second-rate John Le Carre novel, it features the well groomed, highly focused Ralph Fiennes as a maddeningly low-key member of the British diplomatic corps whose life is turned upside down once he marries a spunky political activist played by Rachel Weisz", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nThrough adroit cross-cutting, flashbacks, and thoroughly engaging African pop music, The Constant Gardener cunningly manages to camouflage a run-of-the-mill story about scummy drug manufacturers in cahoots with corrupt politicians who are brought to their knees through the forces of fierce distaff spunkiness", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nThe basic premise is this: Africa is a mess, Western drug firms cannot be trusted, British politicians are as trustworthy as pythons, diplomats are either conniving scoundrels or well-meaning fools, the United Nations cannot go it alone. This being the case, it is hardly surprising that Fiennes spends so much time outside, constantly gardening.", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nSpunky or not, Weisz checks into the morgue surprisingly early in the film, but this does not matter in the slightest as she constantly resurfaces in extended flashbacks. Flashbacks, once the bane of serious directors, have now become so common that it no longer matters how soon the heroine vanishes from a motion picture, as she can make innumerable valedictory appearances in flashback sequences or as a chatty ghost who keeps popping by to get a few more things off her chest", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nIndeed, it is Weisz's posthumous spunkiness that finally induces her unassertive husband to pull himself together and get to the bottom of her mysterious disappearance.", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nBeautifully shot, with a very engaging soundtrack, and a sly performance by the roguish Bill Nighy, The Constant Gardener looks like a film that could have been made by the United Nations: politically correct, laudably multicultural, indisputably well-meaning, but ultimately inconsequential; all dressed up with nowhere to go. Arriving on the heels of The Interpreter, it marks the second time this year that gorgeous white women have taken matters into their own hands to save darkest Africa from itself", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nThe Brothers Grimm did not fare well at the box office in the United States but should have. Matt Damon and Heath Ledger are perfectly adorable as a pair of improvident scoundrels who wander from one grim German village to the next in the early 19th century, purveying a bevy of necromantic wares. Brought to justice by Napoleon Bonaparte's troops, the brothers Grimm only escape execution by agreeing to investigate the disappearance of numerous children from a foreboding rural village.", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nAs with Flightplan and The Constant Gardener, the dead play an enormous role in the proceedings, getting up to all sorts of mischief and just generally making life miserable for everyone. Still, it is nice to have them around as the dead, whatever their other faults, can always be depended upon for a good laugh. Heath Ledger, most recently seen - or not seen - as an iconic skateboarder in The Lords Of Dogtown, is a revelation here: goofy, maladroit, nerdy, anything but the matinee idol", "Dead and not gone | Movies | The Guardian\nMatt Damon is equally charming as his scheming brother. As is true of all Terry Gilliam films, The Brothers Grimm is visually boisterous, with all sorts of catapults, pulleys, costumes, gadgets, vegetation. At times, it is almost fatiguing to watch. Still, it is fresh and original, enlivened by an over-the-top Peter Stormare, best known as the taciturn psychopath who fed Steve Buscemi into the wood chipper in Fargo. This was the last film I can recall in which the dead actually stayed dead"]

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