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Introduction 2. Ethical dilemma 3. Strategies for addressing the situation at hand 4. Pros and cons of the two strategies 5. The best strategy Antonio should take 6. References Introduction Daft and Lane (2010) define ethics as a set of guidelines that reflect on values and principles employed by an individual when differentiating between right or wrong. Therefore, in an organizational setting, ethics are governed by laws or rules. They also assert that ethical dilemmas are disagreements that arise due to conflicting values or principles. This essay is going to critically analyze an ethical dilemma involving an employee of Empress Luxury Lines (Antonio Melendelez), propose strategies for curbing the dilemma, and choose an appropriate strategy. Ethical dilemma Kevin who is also an employee of Express has confided in Antonio that the company had defrauded the insurance company millions of dollars to cater for a computer system upgrade that Antonio had been pushing for in the last two years. Antonio is faced with the ethical dilemma of whistle-blowing. According to Daft and Lane (2010), whistle-blowing refers to exposing any illegal or unlawful activities taking place in an organization. Macey (2008) points out that the importance of whistle-blowing differs in organizations depending on the commitment of the management team to ethics. The dilemma infringes on Antonio’s principles and values because he thinks that the conduct of the company is not by the insurance company’s policies and principles and that, the management team should face the law. There are three facets of this dilemma that Antonio has to deal with. Firstly, uphold his integrity at the expense of Express Luxury Lines. Secondly, report the management team at the expense of losing his job or thirdly, ignore the whole issue, compromising his integrity. Strategies for addressing the situation at hand While addressing the said dilemma, Antonio may opt to raise the issue with the insurance company, in hope of bringing to an end the long-term trend of Empress Company. This entails flawing the business ethics that requires one to take moral responsibility. However, this will put him on the receiving end since it will essentially jeopardize his job, as there is neither an internal framework that facilitates reports of wrong-doing internally nor protection for whistleblowers (Fernado, 2010). However, this is likely to be a gambling game since the positive motive may not necessarily be addressed. Eventually, he might meet opposition from the upper management team in their attempts to sustain the activities of the company in the face of the current economic crisis. Research shows that in a corporate entity such as an Empress, the power of management especially in terminating the employment of an individual focuses responsibility at the top (Henn, 2009). Alternatively, he could contemplate ignoring the whole incident because of dangers such as lack of protection and confidentiality of whistleblowers. This option seems easier than the first strategy since it does not endanger his employment at all. Nonetheless, this would lead to a compromise of the operational ethics of such a company as Empress Luxury Lines. Pros and cons of the two strategies In light of the first choice, for Antonio to uphold his dignity and integrity, some repercussions implicate both Antonio as an individual and the company at large in different ways. At its best, this will help maintain and uphold ethics in the operations of a business. The disclosure will have mileage in eliminating impunity and flawed business practices. Besides, it will also serve as an example to other firms with similar ethical degradation. On the other hand, since the company does not have internal mechanisms to relay ethics loopholes, the movie will attract the termination of Antonio’s job. According to Mark Twain (cited in Henn, 2009) “a lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.” Henn (2009) notes that with the increased flow of information, an event can have an immediate and long-lasting impact on a business reputation, and how it is perceived in the marketplace. Going with the second option, the company’s reputation of offering good services will be retained and no employee will be in the danger of losing his job. Furthermore, the company will probably enjoy some financial boost from the compensation accrued from the insurance company. However, this may not last long before the lapse in the company’s ethics grabs the headlines (Henn, 2009). Thus, the truth will eventually take its course and the company will suffer more dismal outcomes as opposed to the first alternative. The best strategy Antonio should take Taking a leave from Antonio’s fix, I believe that I would choose to uphold my integrity and report the case to the insurance company. Though this option leaves me exposed to a possible retrenchment, I believe it is not the means to an end but the end itself which is at stake. This is because the truth will eventually come knocking and I will not only be implicated negatively but also the company’s short-lived glory will come to a halt and in the end destroy the reputation that is so valuable to its operations. The company may not take advantage of the lump sum compensation per se but its reputation in the market will be safeguarded and hence attract customer loyalty. References 1. Daft, R., & Lane, P. (2010). Management (9th Ed.). Connecticut: Cengage Learning 2. Macey, J. (2008). Corporate Governance: Promises Kept, Promises Broken . New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 3. Fernado, A.C. (2010). Business ethics and corporate governance. India: Pearson Education India. 4. Henn, S.K. (2009). Business ethics: A case study approach. NY: John Wiley and Sons. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Celia Grace Wedding Dresses Company Marketing Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The CGW website 3. Effective platforms 4. Platforms that have not been effective 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction The internet offers a wide range of communication tools that ride on the social dimension of the online experience. The communicative power of the internet has essentially replaced many of the traditional tools, particularly in the world of traditional advertising in print and broadcast media. Marketing a product via a website requires different strategies that will ensure that clients get the products within a reasonable satisfaction level. Properly designed online marketing and product distribution management facilitated the success and sustainability in online marketing since it operated within stipulated business laws. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the online sales and marketing activities at the Celia Grace Wedding Dresses Company (CSW). Besides, the treatise explores the effectiveness and ineffectiveness in the online sales and marketing platforms used by the company. The CGW website To increase credibility and maintain professionalism, the current sales and marketing activities at the Celia Grace Wedding Dresses Company are carried out via the company’s online website channel. The website encompasses processes and features that flawlessly facilitate a healthy and lifetime relationship between the business and its clients (Cheverton 29). Among the marketing and sales development elements that are incorporated in the company’s website include trust, reliability, distribution, fair retribution process, and passing accurate information to target customers about different types of eco-friendly wedding dresses. The website is user-friendly and allows customers to choose the dress they may want and make orders. Besides, the company has been able to establish a Patagonia system within its website to easily assist the customers to view the process of making the eco-friendly dresses to cement their loyalty and trust of the CSW brand. Effective platforms Digital technology in the form of the company’s website has been successful in allowing customers to place orders, makes purchases, and let users add content to align to different orientations on the design of their eco-friendly wedding dresses. Digital technology in the form of the CSW’s website has helped the company to expand its network and reach their customers by skipping or bypassing the traditional gatekeepers, such as written magazine publishers (Cheverton 38). Through placing the different designs, qualities, and sizes of the eco-friendly wedding dresses online, the customers of the CSW have increased their preference for this brand since they may request for specific dresses that are customized to meet their demands. Properly designed online marketing and product distribution management facilitate the success and sustainability in online marketing. To increase credibility and maintain professionalism, the current website platform used by the CSW in marketing and sales activities have been tailored to encompass processes and features that flawlessly facilitate a healthy and a lifetime relationship between the business and its clients. Among the marketing elements that the website has incorporated include passing accurate information to the target audience (Stokes 21). Platforms that have not been effective Creation of content is essential when dealing with internet marketing communication within the online business industry. Since the company is relatively new, its website is not comprehensive, and the company has to deal with the possibility of changing preference among customers who want to purchase dresses they can see and touch. Conclusion From the above reflection, the CSW’s website functions on a consumer centricity strategy that tailors its products to the online preference of consumers. The company should carry out content development and intense advertisement on the website to create product awareness. Works Cited Cheverton, Philip. Key marketing skills: strategies, tools, and techniques for marketing success, London, UK: Kogan Page, 2004. Print. Stokes, Raymond. eMarketing: The essential guide to digital marketing , London, UK: Quirk eMarketing (Pty) Ltd, 2011. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
European Countries and Their Expansion to the Atlantic Essay In the 15 th century, Europe had a number of reasons for the exploration of the Atlantic. During that period of time, Europe was broken into different states that had to deal with the existed Islamic worlds and their power over people and political, economic, and social segments. Though the necessity to defeat the supporters of the Islamic culture and find allies that could be used against the Muslim powers was the goal of the European exploration, it was not the only one. Europeans wanted to get access to a larger world of economy and find more people, who could be converted to Christianity. In fact, there were different forces that drove European countries onto the Atlantic that touched upon the existing economic, political, and social elements, and, as a result, the most important global transformations took place in those fields making Europe think about its strong and weak aspects in regards to the Islamic world and its power. The year 1453 was a crucial period for all European countries because it was the time when Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II “decisively conquered the great Christian city of Constantinople, bringing the thousand-year history of Byzantium to an inglorious end” (Strayer 601). As soon as the religious aspects were broken in Europe, many people were eager to put their lives on risk to conquer the Atlantic Ocean and find new lands. However, the travelers did not have enough money and tried to get sponsorship from their kings and monarchs. Ordinary Europeans wanted to promote their religion, and kings wanted to believe that new lands could bring new powers and opportunities to become wealthy. Spain, Portugal, Britain, France, and the Netherlands were the countries that decided to begin their expeditions in a short period (Strayer 618). During the three centuries, from 1450 to 1750, the creation of empires by different European states turned into a serious global process. One of the main transformations that took place globally was connected with the possibility to create a link between different continents. Besides, the industrial changes occurred as people wanted to conquer the Atlantic with fewer losses and costs. Finally, the demographic explosion was observed that required certain changes in education, urbanization, and commercialization. The world had nothing to do but follow the transformations caused by the rise of Europe, and the resistance was one of the possible methods to cope with the challenges and concerns. At the same time, the relations that were developed by the Europeans around the whole world were impressive indeed because all continents were related. From an economic point of view, Europeans won a lot using the opportunity to get access to such products as grain, sugar, meat that could create a powerful base to support the expansion of European economy (Strayer 621). Native Americans and other regions where the penetration of Europeans was inevitable faced both, negative and positive, outcomes. It was possible to sell their products as unique for Europeans and earn good money. Still, many Americans and other nations had nothing to offer to Europe. As a result, they were enslaved and had to work on plantations that were the properties of the European people. In addition to the economic concerns, many social concerns took place. Native Americans were not physically ready for the expansion of Europe. New people brought new diseases, and the Americans did not have an appropriate immune system. The results were dramatic because many people died because of new unknown epidemic cases. However, Europeans got access to cheap corn and potatoes, and other products from America (chocolate), tea (China), and coffee (Arabs). Europe took a lot from those transformations and continued using poor people as the main source to achieve their goals and become a powerful economic body. Still, the European states could not accept the fact that they had to divide their power with each other and began regional fights to protect their rights and underline their powers. The creation of an Atlantic economy was the main reason for the misunderstandings that took place between the European leaders. The same situation could be observed with the Native American tribes, such as Aztecs and Incans. Their division led to the search for new allies from Europe. Natives did not want to use their powers only. They thought they could ask Europeans to provide them with help and defeat their enemies neglecting the chance that one-day allies could be one-year enemies with time. The collapse of Native American societies was the main political transformation, and the promotion of economic relations led to the impossibility for Native Americans to gain leading positions but become slaves of Europeans. In general, the development of a new Atlantic economy that was based on the intentions of the Europeans to expand its power was dramatic for many Native American societies and advantageous for many Europeans. History showed that the European decision to conquer the Atlantic was successful indeed as it helped to discover new opportunities and learn the benefits of global trade and business relations. Works Cited Strayer, Robert, W. Ways of the World: A Brief History with Sources, Volume 2 . Boston: Bedford, 2010. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Patagonia Company’s Possible Customer Profile Essay Introduction Nowadays, women are more involved in sports than ever. According to the Research and Markets Adds Report: Sportswear Market (2021), the demand for women’s sportswear is experiencing rapid growth. Besides, in the Middle East, the attitude to women’s sports is changing, which also creates the basis for a new market. The Global Women’s Sportswear Market Till 2026 Latest Industry Scenario, Trends, Restrain & Future Forecast (2020) reports that the most popular brands in this segment are Nike, Adidas, Puma, Asics, Ralph Lauren Corporation, Hanes, and others. An understanding of a possible customer profile will help Patagonia to find a proper segment in this market. Possible Customer Profiles A customer profile helps to concentrate on the needs of customers and to understand the potential target audience for the product. Besides, the channels used by certain types of customers can help to understand where it is possible to place the advertisement. Creating groups dedicated to the product, launching contests, and other sales promotion offers also should be done after determining the key platforms preferred by the customer. The First Profile The potential customer for Patagonia women’s sportswear is a woman living in a big city aged from 18 to 35. This is the age when people are the most physically active and adventurous enough to explore the globe. Thus, a possible customer should be an active woman who enjoys trips and regularly travels in the countryside or in more distant locations such as mountains or forests. As for the challenges that such a person can face, these are the bad weather conditions that can occur on trips. The Patagonia product has been developed to solve this problem. Besides, the customer can face the problem of universal clothing that could be worn both in the gym and during traveling. The product perfectly fits this need. The customer can actively use such channels as Facebook and Instagram to share photos and to get some information concerning traveling and a healthy lifestyle. The Second Profile The second potential customer is a woman actively involved in sports. She can actually be more aged, as people over 35 do sports, too. However, the most involved sector of the audience would be from 18 to 35. Such a person lives in a big city, where it is important to wear stylish sports clothes. Besides, a person from a big city tends to differentiate clothes and buy separate outfits for different purposes. Therefore, a challenge occurs which can be solved by Patagonia products. The channels are the same as for the first profile. However, it is also possible to use Tik-Tok placement, as young people prefer this channel, and this is a relatively new and not saturated platform. The Third Profile The key demographics for the third customer would be the same as for the first two ones. As long as this is women’s sportswear, it should be a young woman’s. The key psychographics, although, are different, as the third customer is more concentrated on environmental issues. The Patagonia product is environmentally friendly, which is a great argument for people who want to reduce their carbon footprint. Thus, among the challenges, such potential customer faces there are the issues of using recycled and recyclable materials that can be worn for many years. The preferred channels are Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube, as these can be the sources of information on healthy lifestyles and environmental issues. Conclusion Thus, women sportswear market is a growing one, since the popularity of sport among women increases. A possible customer of Patagonia sportswear is a young woman who is interested in sports, travelling, and environmental issues. The product can be useful for everyone who cherishes comfort and style and at the same time leaves an active life. The main channels that can be used for promotion are Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. References Global Women Sportswear Market Till 2026 Latest Industry Scenario, Trends, Restrain & Future Forecast | GAP, Hanesbrands, Mizuno Corporation, Adidas, NIKE . (2020). M2 Presswire , NA. Web. Research and Markets Adds Report: Sportswear Market . (2021). Entertainment Close-up , NA. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Foreign Direct Investment Benefits for Asian Countries Proposal Essay Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Aim and Objectives 3. Literature Review 4. Research Method 5. Limitation and Future Research 6. Timeline 7. Bibliography Background This paper starts with a prime question: how has FDI contributed to economic success of the Asian countries? FDI is a form of market entry that allows foreign companies to invest independently or acquire an existing company in a foreign country (Sinha and Sanchari 62). Over the years, FDI has undergone many developments. Most of these developments seek to establish effective ways of adapting to foreign countries. These developments have not only provided foreign companies with competitiveness, but they have also affected the economy of host countries. However, given the differences in environmental factors surrounding diverse countries, this study proposes a research that seeks to establish the extent to which the Asian countries have benefited from FDI from Western companies. Aim and Objectives The main aim of this proposal is to establish how FDI has influenced the economy of the Asian countries. To achieve this aim, this study will adopt the following objectives: * To evaluate and criticize the academic literature on FDI * To achieve a higher understanding and knowledge of the most critical factors affecting FDI in Asian countries * To determine whether it is possible to generalize the benefits emanating from FDI between diverse countries in Asia Literature Review Traditionally, acquisition of direct benefits emanating from FDI has always been premised on neoclassical theories. These theories, according to Johnson and Turner (223), consider FDI as a capital flow from the rich economies to the poor economies. While capital flow is considered as the direct benefit emanating from FDI, the indirect benefits are normally based on acquisition of technological, improved skills, competitiveness, and market expansion (Jensen 32). However, while some studies indicate that FDI helps improve economic growth of the host countries, others are opposed to this viewpoint. The presence of this gap within the literature necessitates a research that would help shed light on this issue. But according to Hutzschenreuter, Kleindienst, and Bieberstein (341), a country can only benefit from FDI when it meets a certain threshold in a number of areas. These areas include financial development, trade flows, infrastructure, and macro environmental factors. Research Method To answer the research question, this study will adopt qualitative designs. The sampling of the secondary sources will be carried systematically, as this will ensure that the study acquires the right information concerning the relationship between FDI and GDP, as well as the relationship between FDI and income per capita of the sampled Asian countries. In this regard, the study will adopt Financial Times, Asian Wall Street Journal, and Far East Economic Review, among other articles. In addition to this, the study will adopt academic journal and articles that will help establish the casual relationship between FDI and economic growth. Limitation and Future Research Since searching the correct data from secondary sources is time consuming, the study will only focus on benefits of FDI in the host countries without taking into account the factors that MNCs consider as they enter Asian countries through FDI. However, this will form the basis for future research. Timeline * Week 1: Gathering information concerning economic conditions of diverse countries in Asia * Week 2: Carrying out a critical analysis of FDI literature * Week 3: Identifying the sources that will help answer the gaps within the literature * Week 4: Comparing and analyzing data from the secondary sources * Week 5: compiling the findings * Week 6: Submitting the final paper Bibliography Hutzschenreuter, Thomas, Ingo Kleindienst, and Baris von Bieberstein. “When More Can Be Less: the Perceived Value of Additional FDI in the Same Host Country,” Multinational Business Review . 19.4 (2011): 332-356. Print. Jensen, Nathan, Nation-states and the Multinational Corporation: A Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment . Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2006. Print. Johnson, Debra, and Colin Turner. International Business: Themes and Issues in the Modern Global Economy , London: Routledge, 2010. Print. Sinha, Pradip and Sanchari Sinha. International Business Management , New Delphi: Excel Books India, 2009. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analysis of the Vietnam War Timeline 1961-64 Argumentative Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Analysis of the JWPs in the Vietnam War of 1961-64 3. Examples that linked directly to JWPs in the Vietnam War 4. Works Cited Introduction Indeed, the just war wage policies (JWPs) were famous with the Vietnam War of 1961-64. However, it can be critically argued that the JWPs might fail in certain war cases owing to several challenges such as terrorism, lethal weapons, and genocide issues, which render this policy ineffective. Therefore, it is important to re-think whether this policy was actually important in the Vietnam war, and through such analysis, the scholars of history might be in a position to advise policy makers to either adopt or reject this war strategy. Analysis of the JWPs in the Vietnam War of 1961-64 The just wage war policy can be analyzed under different contexts. First, it is important to argue that the policy constitutes jus ad bellum , which justifies the underlying principles and reasons of taking the war advances. In addition, the study can be centered on the principle of jus in bello , which deals in justices concerning war conducts. Another principle to be analyzed under the JWPs approach in the Vietnam War is that of jus post bellum , which is concerned with war conclusions as well as the establishments of the peace settlement programs after the war (Biondi 119). In essence, the analysis of JWPs in this war would entail critical exploration of the jus in bello , with the aim of determining the combatants and non-combatants, and this is important in the sense that it makes it possible to prevent unnecessary loss of life among the innocent civilians. This principle is directly linked to that of jus ad bellum , which can be used to ascertain the causes that justified the conflicting countries to go into war (Biondi 120). In this analysis, the focus is not centered on rejecting or disapproving the relevance of the just wage war policy in the Vietnam’s case, but the essence is to establish its effectiveness in achieving the intended goals. For instance, the JWPs in the Vietnam War led to loss of lives among innocent citizens, thus it would be important to rethink or even revise this policy approach. Besides, it is important to incorporate religious variants as well as secure elements when addressing the suitability of adopting the JWPs in the Vietnam War since elements of moral and justice should not be overlooked when countries are going into war (Evans 1). Such loss of lives and destruction of property do not justify a country to engage in war activities. Therefore, war should be adopted as the last resort, only if all the possible non-violent choices have been fully exhausted (Blattberg 12). Examples that linked directly to JWPs in the Vietnam War Even though the democratic South Vietnam, under the support of the United States refused to comply with the communist North Vietnam’s request to unite Vietnam as one country, the latter with the backing of other communist countries were not justified in waging war against the former. Under this, the support against the implementation of the JWPs can be evidenced in the sense that there were other possible avenues to address the concerns, which might include the non-governmental organizations, religious based organizations, and International Law on Human Rights (ILHR). Another example was witnessed when North Vietnam attacked the United States in 1964 (Daryl 592). Though, the American governments could argue that the war was justified in this case since the North Vietnamese interfered with their sovereignty, but still there were other avenues to address the issues and reach a peaceful agreement under the international law (Walzer 1). In sum, the adoption of the JWPs in the Vietnam War was not appropriate in the sense that it failed to establish a permanent agreement between the North and the South Vietnamese. Moreover, it did not take into account the justice and moral principles, thus it violated the fundamental human rights. Therefore, it should have just been adopted as the last resort. Works Cited Biondi, Carrie-Ann 2007, Rethinking the Just War Tradition . Web. Blattberg, Charles 2009, Taking Politics Seriously. Web. Daryl, Charles 2005, Just-War Moral Reflection, the Christian, And Civil Society . PDF file. Web. Evans, Mark 2005, Just War Theory: A Reappraisal. Web. Walzer, Michael 2003, The United States in the World – Just Wars and Just Societies . Web . | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Advertising Targeting Children and Ethical Issues Essay There are many debates regarding how ethically the companies behave when they create their products attractive to children. From the legal point, arguing this issue is counterproductive because children are not financially independent; therefore, the advertisements cannot directly influence children’s consumption choices. It is up to parents or parental guardians to comply with children’s wants. Khanna conducted a research where she collected data from 480 parents in India to investigate their perception of TV ads and their impact on children (47). The findings show that the parents consider the TV ads “to be a reason for developing materialistic values among children, increasing consumption of junk foods, and pressuring the parents to buy things leading to family conflict” (48). According to the lecture material, “children must be protected from advertising and promotional campaigns that exploit their own vulnerabilities.” Therefore, despite children’s inability to purchase the products themselves, the advertisement still significantly impacts children’s preferences and likes, which the latter can impose on their parents. Work Cited Khanna, Priyaka. “Parents’ Perception of Influence of Television Advertisement on Children.” International Journal of Research in Management, Economics and Commerce , vol. 6, no. 9, 2016, pp. 47-56. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Achilles’ Traits and Greeks’ Perception of Heroism Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Achilles, The Brave Soldier 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction People praise the Greeks for having great leaders who are competent and take full responsibility for their actions. Achilles is a brave soldier who people recognize for his heroism, desire for honor, and pride. He explicitly fights in battles and takes responsibilities with full preparedness while risking his life. The character traits of Achilles reveal how the Greeks view heroism and outline their values such as fearlessness and fame. Achilles, The Brave Soldier Achilles is full of pride as he tells Patroclus that there is no significant reason to grieve, claiming that Agamemnon’s people repaid for their misdeeds. However, Achilles is courageous since Priam warns Hector that, “…you can’t fight Achilles alone like that, without any support…” (“The Iliad chapter 21-22 From the Essential Homer – Stanley Lombardo Translation”). Honor is also a fundamental trait of Achilles; for instance, in Patroclus’s words to the Myrmidons, “Remember whose men you are fighting and for whose honor” (“The Iliad Chapter 16 Lombardo”). Achilles is extremely sensitive to honor and reputation. The characteristics of Achilles are clear implications of Greeks and their values. They term heroism and military service as desirable and appreciate individuals who possess such characters (The Essential Homer Introduction (Edited)). The Greeks acknowledged their desire for fame and honor, just like Achilles, who the Myrmidons and Patroclus fight for his glory. They remember extraordinary individuals for performing excellent and glorious deeds and grant them special privileges. The motivations and performances of Achilles outline great lessons on the Greeks’ sense of heroism and authority. The Greeks view bravery as depending on the intensity of exploits on battlefields (“Janux” 0:00 – 0: 48). Achilles is a fearless soldier, indicated by his strength as he publicly humiliates and defiles Hector’s corpse. Moreover, his actions mean the Greek recognize courageousness after an individual takes responsibilities even in challenging times. Achilles deals with grief after the death of Patroclus while vowing to execute Hector, and through this action, he risks his life. For instance, Hector says, “…and I will have my vengeance on that day when Paris and Apollo destroy you…” (“The Iliad chapter 21-22 From the Essential Homer – Stanley Lombardo Translation”). The Greeks view people like Achilles as brave and heroes. Conclusion The personality traits of Achilles are essential in identifying the values of the Greeks and their perception towards heroism and authority. Achilles is brave, desires honor, and has other undesirable qualities such as pride and temper. The Greeks view heroism based on battle performances and challenges experience while seeking justice for fallen heroes, such as risking their lives, and Achilles’ actions are clear indications of their view. Works Cited “Law and Justice – Justice and Vengeance: Homer – 3.2 Iliad and Justice” YouTube, The Essential Homer Introduction (Edited).pdf The Iliad Chapter 16 Lombardo. The Iliad chapter 21-22 From the Essential Homer – Stanley Lombardo Translation.pdf | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
ABC Logistic Company. Proposed Network Design Essay Table of Contents 1. Company Background 2. Proposed Network Design 3. Why? 4. How? Company Background ABC Logistic Company has newly established its first office in Great Portland Street with an initial staff of 6 people – an admin officer, 4 document processors, and a receptionist. There are two directors of this new company who are now interested to deploy a small network in their setup that could help them to manage their staff and resources more efficiently and effectively. Proposed Network Design As shown in the figure, there are total 13 partitions in the office – 2 for directors, 1 for receptionist, and 10 for staff. All the partitions have network ports, therefore, it is possible to provide network connectivity to all the users. Why? In last few years, the significant advancement in information technology and telecommunication has attracted almost every business to use them for improving their processes and gaining competitive edge over their competitors. With the recent developments in wireless communications and video conferencing, the businesses have showed their great interest to embrace these new technologies in order to survive and prosper. Today complex phone systems, fax machines, and networked-computers are considered crucial for any business. How? The proposed network will offer a wide range of benefits to the business; some of the major advantages are: * Ease of data sharing and access * Cost reduction (for example, paper cost, postal delivery cost, and so on) * Centralized point for managing applications (through Application Server) * Link to the outside world through Internet (the link will be secured through using the Firewall) * Centralized point for files and documents sharing (through FTP Server) * Efficient management of resources and users * Fast and reliable communication (through Exchange Server) | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Respect in Daily Lives Essay Respect is a crucial aspect of everyone’s life. Through respect, everyone can act kindly and treat others well. Respect implies putting into consideration of how other people feel. By treating others, in the same manner, you would like them to treat you, is a good show of respect. Most of the people claim to show respect as a very tough exercise, but this is not always the case. Showing respect can be demonstrated by simple words such as “please,” and saying “thank you” (Wenger 75). Some people tend to forget these words and are essential in our day to day lives. Severally, some relationships have broken due to a lack of respect between partners. The show of respect is very important especially to the adults, as they act as role models to the young children. If children can happen to witness adults disrespecting one another, through the exchange of harsh words, it would be very hard to correct such children in the future. It is always advisable for the adults to demonstrate the highest level of respect at all times, to avoid displaying bad example to the children. For instance, it would be a bad example for someone to criticize the other due to some differences, as this should be rather described as uniqueness (Wenger 102). Assisting other people whenever they require your assistance and making others feel comfortable is a good way of demonstrating respect. Through being respectful, one can create a good relationship with others, as he or she would be able to listen to other people’s opinions without criticizing them. For instance, a respectful student would interact well with other students, as well as with the tutors. A good relationship of a student with his or her teachers would promote his or her level of understanding hence good performance. Lack of respect may result in regular quarrels between one with his fellows. In our normal lives, errors and mistakes are inevitable among human beings. Different types of disagreements must arise in the normal lives among friends and even family members (Wenger 82). Without respect, it would be hard to settle such differences, as no one would listen to the other. Hence quarrels would happen. A certain researcher said that differences among human beings are inevitable, as everyone is created uniquely. He emphasized his point by saying that “Judging others against our standard is being egotistical. Respect everyone’s right to be different” (Wenger 112). This is a clear quote to show that respect matters a lot in our lives, especially in the way we relate with one another. Respect is applicable in every aspect of our lives including political, social, and cultural lives. In any healthy relationship, one learns to respect and trust the most important people in his or her life (Wenger 98). Disagreements may be inevitable, but through respect, one learns on how to stay calm and express his or her opinions. Remaining respectful would make one be composed and understand the cause of differences, and it would be easier to fix the cause of disagreements. The moments of disagreements in a relationship makes any relationship stronger day by day. In a good relationship, people should learn how to respect one another for who they are. It is also important for one to recognize himself first, as it would assist in setting boundaries, and promote a good feeling in a relationship. Work Cited Weznger, Edwin. Social life: respect and Trust. New York: Cengage Learning, 2009. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Funding of the Education System Report (Assessment) When considering educational theories, it is important to consider the source of the theories and the intent of education right from the time of conception. According to the Greek history, education started as a concept of thought. The concept was composed of philosophy, history and basic arithmetic. It therefore indicates that education is a component of all disciplines that should be learnt right from childhood. Bearing this in mind, it is therefore very important to make sure that the concept is progressive, depending on the nature of education. Education, like any other project, needs to be funded to make sure that it is progressed from one stage to the other. Some of the critical areas that are vital in this area are teaching materials, teachers and teaching facilities, including the structures. In the case of teaching materials, schools should be in a position to purchase materials that will be used in class. Some of the materials needed in education are teaching aids, writing materials as well as books for reading. Without such materials, dissemination of education cannot be effective (Odden & Clune, 1998, p. 158). Another important field of funding is the teachers; if teachers are not paid adequately, there is a higher chance that they will be demoralized. Having a demoralized teacher in class is as good as not having him/her in class. Also, underpaid teachers do not feel appreciated for the services offered and they tend to hold back their skills; this means that they have no sense of commitment to their work or their classes at all (Odden & Clune, 1998, p. 158). The other critical area that needs funding is the structures and facilities that make the dissemination of education easier. Such facilities include; classes, sanitation facilities as well as the teaching aid materials. In case there are no efficient classes, then the process of education is challenged, since there is need of utmost concentration during learning and this is offered by an appropriate environment. In the case students or the teacher are not comfortable in class, the level of concentration is challenged hence compromising the integrity of the learning process. Another critical area under structures is the sanitation of the schools. Bearing in mind that schools are facilities attracting high population, there is a need to have an effective sanitation process. Without effective sanitation, the health of the students and that of the teachers it at a higher chance of being compromised (Odden & Clune, 1998, p. 160). In addition, depending on their locations, some schools do not have adequate security. Security of both the teachers and the students is paramount and should be highly regarded during by the financing schedule of education. Despite the need for funding to such important fields of education, presently there are no such keen aspects of making sure that education systems are considered by all stakeholders. Education systems are funded by government budget, which is also responsible for other sectors that are considered crucial in people’s lives (Odden & Clune, 1998, p. 160). Education has been neglected to a point that it receives the least funding in the budget. The government does not care to improve educational facilities especially those that are situated in the rural and slum areas in urban towns (Odden & Clune, 1998, p. 161). Despite the dilapidated situation of the education systems, none of the involved personnel or the officers dares to speak out to correct the situation. Presently, education gets the least amount and there is no much fuss about the situation. To add to the situation, educational facilities have been left in dilapidated states. Most of the schools either have a leaking roof or their floors are broken, yet nobody raises concerns as to why education is the least funded sector in the economy (Odden & Clune, 1998, p. 160). The worst of it all is that teachers are the lowly paid civil servants, regardless of the challenging working conditions they experience daily. In most cases, the country experiences cases of teachers going on strike demanding for better pay packages (Odden & Clune, 1998, p. 165). To the surprise of many, they are given a negligent increment and threatened to go back to work or else they lose their jobs. In conclusion, funding of education system is critical in obtaining effective education services. Education sector has been neglected by the government in terms of budget allocation and the involved administrative officers are not concerned about the situation. Teachers are lowly paid and the structures do not constitute an appropriate learning environment. The government and all the other stakeholders should strive to correct the situation. References Odden, A., & Clune, W. H. (1998). School finance systems: Aging structures in need of renovation. Educational Evaluation And Policy Analysis, 20 (3), 157-177. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Greg Palast “Vultures’ Picnic” Essay Major research by Greg Palast The chapter begins with a New York City’s stake-out. It then progresses to the King of Mardi Gras leading to a shopping spree in Geneva. Subsequently, murder and suicide incidences in a native village in Alaska become significant to the Deepwater Horizon Investigation. This chapter focuses on major investigations by Greg Palast. The MI6 specializes in handling bribes on behalf of Kalashnikovs and British Petroleum (BP). The chapter also highlights the ex-trophy wife of the billionaire who was prepared to burn the bed and open the files. There is also the mention of the Radioactive Brick from an unknown address containing documentation of a large scale fraud by Tokyo Electric Power Company. This takes place ten months before the melting of Fukushima. The chapter briefly mentions Treasury Secretary, Geithner’s highly secretive memo waiting for the nod from both Citibank and Goldman Sachs. At Rolling Hills outside New York City, the writer acknowledges his fault for using an expensive vehicle instead of a simple red Honda car. He then proceeds to Las Vegas, Nevada. Here he hopes to meet and trade information with Daniel Beckel, one of the best lawyers in America. The two get engrossed in a discussion about the oil spill along the Gulf of Mexico, before being interrupted by a distress call about an explosion back home. The chapter then proceeds to somewhere off the coast of Azerbaijan. The writer mentions that despite the name Exxon that is written on the ill-fated ship, the culprit responsible for the spillage which destroyed the Alaska coastline was British Petroleum. In Azerbaijan, the discussion is centered on the shock by British Petroleum upon learning of the spillage. The chapter then progresses to Liberia, a West African nation where sexual perversions are not tolerated. The chapter touches on the Liberian civil war in which the country was converted into a killing zone. He recounts some of his family histories before offering a description to a heart-warming stand ovation at the bequest of Martin Luther King’s dinner party where he assumes a back seat. Here he hopes to meet and trade information with Daniel Beckel, one of the best lawyers in America. Palast attempts to expose a plethora of criminals and murders. It also includes the folly of President Barrack Obama’s attitude concerning a corrupt leader in Africa involved in an illicit diamond syndicate. This illicit trade also involved an American businessman. It also constituted the Teflon nature of men who turn out to vote to win elections. According to Palast, the world is warped. The Vultures ‘Picnic occurs along with the remains of the population of human beings. This is the scenario when it comes to financial terms through ripping off little towns, mortgage holders, and pension funds. This can also be done via clearing of forests, animals, sea-life, and village children. The human population occupies their niche because the vultures must continue to gorge themselves at the expense of other people. Palast has tried to push the concept of investigative journalism. He mentions those corporate vultures like British Petroleum that feed on the susceptible and weak. The chapter also illustrates how huge powers within the oil and money industries are ruining the planet using their lethal activities. Instead of regulating natural resources, these big corporations simply destroy these resources. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Rhetorical Figure in “Fond Memories of Home” Poem Essay Fond memories of home At the moment of loneliness, With the torment of sadness, Memories boil in brain neigh madness, Patient like a princess with calmness, I await the hour home is near, Am caught contemplating curiously of time to bear, I can’t wait any longer, nostalgia claims my tear, What seems like centuries is barely a year, I miss the hooting of the owl, That reminds me of a place without a foul, Home is a serenity to the soul, Family is love like a cocktail bowl, Tick tock I am coming home, It beckons me, comes to the quiet storm, Summary This is a poem that describes feelings of loneliness and sadness by a student who has gone abroad or a far place to seek education. The student fondly recalls the peace that was at home and how that is different from the place he is currently in. There are moments of tears and nostalgia as the time to go home is what appears to be an eternity away. As the poem proceeds, there is glimmer hope by the student that he will one day return home upon successful completion of his education. Figures of speech Personification is evident in the poem where home beckons the student. This shows that the home of the student is calling him from a far place to return. The aim of personification in this line of the poem is to give life to the poem. This activates the mood of the poem to give it an interesting twist. Personification is also used to show that nostalgia, which is a feeling of longing for good gone times, claims the tears of the student. The student is crying because he misses home fondly and seems lost in his current place of learning. Thoughts of the home seem to take over the life of this student to the extent of interfering with his life. This is a didactic poem; the moral of the story behind this poem is that home is a place where there is family and family is love. This goes hand in hand with the old adage that either east or west, home is still the best. This poem calls on people to value their homes as plenty of love is found there. Onomatopoeia is present in the poem where the line “tick-tock” is used to symbolize the actual sound made by a chiming clock. This gives the poem a sense of slow-moving time which is counting down. In this line of the poem, readers can clearly see that time is the constant factor separating the student and his home. Paradox is also used in the poem. The poem depicts that home is a quiet storm. A storm is considered as havoc or something serious with uncontrollable happenings. However, as we come to understand, the statement “a quiet storm” makes sense that despite what difficulties take place around home, it still remains a good place to settle and be at peace. Home is serenity, is a metaphor used in the poem. Home is used to symbolize calmness, peace and love. These three attributes are combined to come up with serenity. In this case our homes and that of the student are likened to such a situation. A simile in the line: “patient like a princess with calmness” is used to compare the situation that the student is facing with that of a princess. In many old stories princesses had to be patient especially with suitors until they find the perfect one. Alliteration is used; ‘caught contemplating curiously’ to give the poem a musical tone. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Office Contexts in Relation to Gossip Essay What do Kurland and Pelled tell us about office contexts in relation to gossip? The prevalence of gossiping in everyday life is a common phenomenon previously examined by psychologists and anthropologists. The study conducted by Kurland & Pelled (2000) is a valuable contribution to analyzing definition, theoretical, and conceptual models of workplace gossip, as well as its impact on the employees. Based on prior research, the general concept of communication is classified into work-related and non-work-related communication. As such, the same approach is adopted to the conceptual framework of gossiping. With that said, gossip is considered as the one focused on a subject’s professional life in terms of work-relatedness, including work performance, career development, relationships with work colleagues, and general behavior in the office environment. Furthermore, the work-relatedness of the gossip might play a mediating role concerning the employee’s position at the workplace. The professional initiative and bonuses, such as rewards and promotions, as well as punishments in the company, are highly dependent on the work-related attitude of the worker. Despite the fact that it is illogical to consider personal circumstances within assigning such rewards and penalties, some managers keep relying on personal factors when providing resources and responsibilities. Such an occurrence in the office environment indicates that being involved in work-related gossip provides the increased capacity to influence rewards and punishments in the workplace. According to Kurland & Pelled (2000), work-related gossip has the potential to “shape the expert power” (p. 433). Therefore, the employee, who spreads gossips containing work-related information about other colleagues, can be used as an information source and regarded as an expert in the workplace. The office contexts in relation to gossip suggest that it can mitigate any negative connection between gossip and referent power. The high level of work-relatedness of the gossip implies its stronger ability to reinforce coercive, reward, and expert power. About credible office gossip? Concerning the disparity of gossips and other types of informal communication, there are three dimensions, which assist in making a distinction between different kinds of gossip. They include “sign, credibility, and work-relatedness” (Kurland & Pelled, 2000, p. 430). Credibility is defined as the degree to which the gossip is trustworthy and accurate, and, thus, credible. Message credibility was a complex area of research in the course of communication, marketing, and social psychology. Therefore, credibility is perceived as the communication feature that plays a significant role in the context of gossiping. Kurland & Pelled (2000) designed the proposed model of gossip and power, including two aspects of credibility and work-relatedness as the determining factors of positive or negative gossips. It is believed that message credibility has a major impact on judgments of source credibility. To be more specific, the insufficient credibility of the gossip suggests that the gossiper is seen as a non-credible source of information received. In addition, the recipient might assume that the gossiper lacks credibility with others and is less likely to gain trust when providing negative or positive gossips. As such, the low credibility of the gossip makes the recipients question the gossiper’s role as “someone with coercive or reward power” (Kurland & Pelled, 2000, p. 433). The feature of credibility also has a damaging impact on the relationship between the gossiper and the expert authority. As a result, the gossiper undermines its work position and the trust in future information one transmits. It is estimated that employees that provide more accurate information concerning the informal network attain higher reputational strength. With that said, the effects of gossip on the four power types can be coordinated by its level of credibility. References Kurland, N., & Pelled, L. (2000). Passing the word: Toward a model of gossip and power in the workplace. The Academy of Management Review , 25 (2), 428–438. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Oil and Natural Gas Industry and Its Effect on the Economy Research Paper Introduction The importance of oil and natural gas industry It is impossible to imagine the modern world without energy. People got used to live in warm houses, the greatest plants work on the basis of the products oil and gas industry supplies them with. This high demand on energy in different forms makes it impossible for the modern economy function without it. Oil and gas industry is considered to be the most impacting in the whole world as well as in the USA. The Purpose of the Research The main purpose of the research is to consider how oil and gas industry affects the economy of the country. It is important to understand that the financial value of the industry is not the only an issue which is considered to be influential at the financial market, labor market is also affected at great extend. The Effect of Oil and Natural Gas Industry on the Economy The General Impact of the Industry on the Economy of the USA The general impact of the oil and gas industry may be divided into three main measures, direct impact, indirect impact, and induced impact. Direct impact is understood as the jobs and added value which are considered within the industry. Indirect impact is followed within the industries which deal with the products offered by the oil and gas industry. Induced impact is considered as the use of the income resulted from the oil and gas industry. Almost each country in the world deals with this industry and it is possible to say that the impact of this industry is great (“The Economic Impacts” 9). It is crucial to consider the financial importance and the significance of the industry as the employee in detail. The Impact of Oil and Natural Gas Industry on Business and Finances Dwelling upon the impact of the oil and gas industry on the economy of the country, business sector cannot be omitted. The great impact of the industry on business may be explained as follows, the industry spends money which is further spent by local businesses and recipient employees; then businessmen purchase different goods and hire employees who get salaries and spend them on state economy. This is an indirect impact of the oil and gas industry on the USA economy (“The Economic Impacts” 14). The demand on the products manufactured in the industry has been increasing from year to year. With the rise of the prices on the oil and gas, capital investments increased as well. This influenced the level of revenue in the industry and the rate of taxes the industry pays to the national treasury. The production of the crude oil in 2005 was valued at $45.2 billion. The increase of the natural gas production is measured by the increase on 312% from 1997. The export of gas and oil brought the country value at $45.2 billion in 2006. The contribution to the gross domestic product in 2005 was about $5.1 billion (Williams 9). The Effect Oil and Natural Gas Industry Provides on Labor Market The impact of the considering industry on the labor market in the whole world and in the USA is crucial. More than 7.8 million employees were involved in the oil and gas industry in the USA, according to the information collected in 2007. If to pay attention to the total employment contribution to the national economy, including the related jobs, the industry managed to provide 9.2 million employees in 2007. This is 5.7% of the whole employment in the USA (Pennsylvania Economy League of Southwestern Pennsylvania 3). Apart from the creation of the job places within the industry, the “oil and gas industry creates jobs in related industries” (Pennsylvania Economy League of Southwestern Pennsylvania 14). Moreover, the same report states that due to the direct impact of the industry 10,538 employees have the jobs in the industry, 5,260 employees work in the related spheres and 10,761 employers are related to the industry by means of the induced impact (Pennsylvania Economy League of Southwestern Pennsylvania 16). These results are considered only for Pennsylvania and it is may be easy to predict he results for the whole country. Conclusion The Summary of the Information Thus, it may be concluded that the impact of the oil and gas industry on the country and world economy is crucial, especially if to take into account the rapid growth of the industry. Moreover, there is a tendency that more and more companies and even the whole countries become dependent on oil. It becomes not only the product, but the method for payment. The country which exports more oil and gas industry’s products is the most powerful one and can influence the price formation in the industry. Oil and Natural Gas Industry Effect on Financial and Labor Markets The labor and financial markets are influenced by the industry in both direct and indirect ways. Many companies have created business on the basis of the products and services produced within this industry. Many people work in the sphere, even if there is no oil and gas manufacture in the country. Many indirect job places are created on the basis of this industry. Works Cited “The Economic Impacts of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry on the U.S. Economy: Employment, Labor Income and Value Added.” Price Waterhouse Coopers 8 September, 2009. Print. Pennsylvania Economy League of Southwestern Pennsylvania. “The Economic Impact of the Oil and Gas Industry in Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania Economy League November, 2008. Print. Williams, Cara. “Fuelling the economy.” Perspectives on labor and income 8(5): 2007, p. 9. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
A range of people view subtitling software as a form of cheating; others believe that a subtitling software may fail a professional easily due to the mispronunciation of certain words and, therefore, the failure to capture the right one. However, when viewing subtitling software, such as WinCap, as a tool for providing support for a subtitler instead of doing the job of the latter, the above-mentioned program can be considered an essential tool for improving time management and the quality of subtitling and translation. The use of software as a part of the subtitling process is often looked down at as a cheap substitute for an actual subtitler. The given statement can be viewed as true to a considerable degree; indeed, there is a possibility that it can be used as a lazy way of transcribing the speech without putting any actual effort into the process (Quah 7). The above-mentioned concern is, in fact, an integral part of the criticism for any equipment used as assistance in the process of translation or transcribing – the incorporation of the technology in question simplifies the process of subtitling (Cintas and Remael 13). As a result, the latter is reduced to editing the information supplied by the WinCap program, which might be efficient in terms of the output (Austermühl 3), yet may result in a significant drop in the proficiency of the person using it. It should be noted, though, that WinCap cannot be considered the ultimate tool for creating subtitles without putting any actual effort into the process. Although the program does feature a range of innovative technologies and can even detect actual speech, providing subtitles in the process, it still identifies only a limited amount of sound variations (Gambier and Gottlieb 111). Specifically, the WinCap program may fail in case when a subtitler has to deal with a specific accentor to work with a recording of a speech pronounced in a specific dialect. Finally, the quality of the recording may affect the actual output to a considerable degree, turning the text generated by the software into gibberish. Despite the above-mentioned issues, the technology is still admittedly impressive. Simplifying the job of a subtitler to checking the accuracy of the words recorded and making sure that the subtitles coincide with the recording, the WinCap program can be viewed as a huge breakthrough (Cintas and Remael 15). The properties of the software allow for integrating the visual and the audio information successfully (Bowker and Pearson 18) so that the user of the software could receive both types of information and process them accordingly; as a result, the output quality is increased significantly due to a more careful and a practically uninterrupted process of data analysis (Gambier and Gottlieb 112). The addition of the automatic time option can be interpreted as a major advantage for the people, who write subtitles with the help of the program in question. To be more exact, the above-mentioned function can be viewed as a major assistance in timing the process of subtitling in accordance with the specifics of the working process and the environment, in which the person using the software has to work. Finally, the issue of data storage deserves to be mentioned. While having an extensive memory is one of the subtitler’s prime assets, it is practically impossible to memorize every single bit of the information flow. Therefore, whenever a specific word or collocation used previously and requiring significant spelling skills emerges, going back in the notes in an attempt to locate the specified word or phrase and transcribe it properly is barely possible. This is the point, at which the subtitling software, such as WinCap, factors in as an essential tool for capturing data and retaining it for the further use. Therefore, the usefulness of the program can be evaluated as moderate. Though the program has its flaws and may clearly be used for increasing the quantity of the work done instead of the quality thereof, it still supports a subtitler in the process of capturing the essential data required for putting a complex piece of text together. While WinCap is certainly not to be overused, it should be considered by professional subtitlers as a key tool to incorporate into their production process. Though subtitling technologies, such as WinCap, can only be viewed as a support for an interpreter and not the substitute for actual subtitling skills, they still provide major assistance for translators, as they allow the latter to manage their time more efficiently and locate the appropriate equivalents for specific words in a faster manner. The WinCap technology, therefore, should be regarded as a major support for a subtitler and an impressive foot forward in the design of translation technology. Works Cited Austermühl, Frank. Electronic Tools for Translators. Manchester, UK: St. Jerome, 2001. Print. Bowker, Lynne and Jennifer Pearson. Working with Specialized Language: A Practical Guide to Using Corpora . London, UK: Routledge, 2002. Print. Cintas, Jorge Díaz and Aline Remael. Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling . Manchester, UK: Routledge, 2007. Print. Gambier, Jerome Y. and Hans Gottlieb. ( Multi) Media Translation . Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2001. Print. Quah, Chiew Kin. Translation and Technology . Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2007. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analytical Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Why Terrorism Cannot Be Justified 3. Why Terrorism Can Sometimes Be Justified 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction The definition of the term terrorism is ambiguous. Terrorism means different things to different people. This situation makes it difficult for most researchers and scholars to handle the ethical question of terrorism in an appropriate manner. All in all, terrorism is a term which is broadly used to describe the use of violence or force in order to achieve certain social and political goals (Dingley, 2010). Terrorism has become a popular concept in the modern world of politics and it has come along with important moral questions that need to be deliberated. One of such questions is whether terrorism can ever be justified. Terrorism has always been considered to be morally wrong in that it leads to the loss of many innocent lives. However, in situations where terrorism is used to prevent more harm, it can be justified. This paper uses Kantian ethics and utilitarian ethics to examine whether terrorism can ever be justified. Why Terrorism Cannot Be Justified According to the Kantian ethics, an action should be judged based on its maxim (the principle or rule behind it). If the maxim of a given action is serving the duty of the moral law, then that particular action is justified (Shafer-Landau, 2012). Therefore, if the maxim of terrorism is not serving the moral law, then the act of terrorism cannot be justified. Therefore, since the acts of terrorism are normally perpetrated by people and groups which do no have a just cause for going to war, there is no way it can be justified (Waller, 2011). Any form of violence practiced needs to be proportional to the level of wrong which is being resisted. Terrorism also tends to be more of an illegitimate war which normally leads to the death of many innocent people (Nathanson, 2010). Any action which leads to such serious moral disasters can never be justified. Why Terrorism Can Sometimes Be Justified Although terrorism is normally perceived as being always morally wrong, there are certain circumstances under which it can be justified. According to the utilitarian ethics, an action should be judged according to its utility or usefulness. Any action which seeks to maximize happiness and reduce suffering is considered to be a proper course of action (Shafer-Landau, 2012). Therefore, if terrorism is used to achieve these goals, there is no reason as to why it cannot be justified. For instance, if terrorism is the only way through which an important political change can be achieved, it may be necessary for it to be applied against a tyrannical regime (Waller, 2011). Such cases have been witnessed in France, Russia, Italy and South Africa. Terrorism can also be justified if the harm it prevents overweighs the one it causes (Wall, 2003). For example, a terrorist who shoots and kills some people in an airport is likely to compel the government to allocate enough money and other resources on precautionary measures against terrorism. Conclusion The above argument shows that terrorism can be justified if it is preventing human suffering and promoting happiness. This is common in cases where it is used in driving political changes and promoting precautionary measures. However, it needs to be pointed out that the general action of terrorism is morally wrong, especially when considered to be a war. This kind of consideration brings in the issues of whether terrorism is a just war or not. According to the just war theory, there must be enough reasons as to why a given war should be waged. This theory also specifies how a given war should be fought (Evans, 2005). Both historical and theoretical aspects can be used to determine whether a given war is just or not. The historical part entails various regulations which various generations have applied to wars. The theoretical part is based on ethical justifications of wars and the course they have taken over years. Terrorism is not driven by any historical or theoretical justifications of war. It occurs unexpectedly and it normally leads to the loss of innocent lives. Therefore, there is no way terrorism can ever be justified. It is ethically wrong. References Dingley, J. (2010). Terrorism and the politics of social change: A Durkheimian analysis. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate. Evans, M. (2005). Just war theory: A reappraisal. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. Nathanson, S. (2010). Terrorism and the ethics of war. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Shafer-Landau, R. (2012). Ethical Theory: An Anthology. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Wall, T. F. (2003). Thinking critically about moral problems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Waller, B. N. (2011). Consider Ethics: Theory, Readings, and Contemporary Issues. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The IPV Growth During the Pandemic Essay (Article) The pandemic led to an increase of IPV (intimate partner violence) incidents, which, as a consequence, actualized the necessity of implementing measures required in the new social conditions. With regard to the provided data, the growth of IPV cases is associated with a number of factors caused by the pandemic of novel coronavirus disease. Given that financial autonomy is a determinant factor in the prevention of assaults and the pandemic has resulted in a financial crisis, the IPV rate has boosted. Moreover, some limitations related to travel and movement have created obstacles to victims who cannot reach safe places, and stress levels at home rose as a result of school closures. There are several steps which should be taken to minimize harm. While establishing norms regarding emergency situations, governments should pay attention to socioeconomic factors; equal access to the Internet should be provided, and doctors and patients should establish special signals so as to identify if an abusive partner is near during online medicine examinations. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Treatment of Neurocognitive Disorder Essay Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common mental disorders in older people. Although its cure completely is impossible, therapy and medications can control the disease’s development and its symptoms and partially prevent them. Mr. Akkad’s situation presented in the case study is quite common for his diagnosis; therefore, I have chosen donezipil treatment starting with 5 mg and continuing with 10 mg, since this approach is evidence-based. Mr. Akkad is a 76-year-old Iranian male who, according to his son, has had memory problems and unusual behavior during the last two years. The examination confirmed the son’s words since Mr. Akkad scored 18 out of 30 in the Mini-Mental State Exam and has troubled coordination. Depression is the most common comorbid diagnosis; however, Mr. Akkad denies depressive and suicidal thoughts, so it can be excluded (Burke et al., 2019). For this reason, I chose Aricept (donepezil) 5mg orally at bedtime to start the treatment. A systematic review by Birks and Harvey (2018) demonstrates that donepezil positively affects memory and cognitive performance in patients with a neurocognitive disorder but has side effects. For this reason, I chose the 5 mg dosage to determine if Mr. Akkad and do not put his health at risk. Since I saw no side effects, I had increased the dose to 10 mg, which is more effective. However, the review also demonstrates that although higher doses are acceptable for treatment, they have more side effects, but at the same time, eight weeks is not enough to detect significant changes. For this reason, in the third option, I decided not to change the dosage or cancel donepezil. I relied on the evidence from the literature to make the decision. First, systematic reviews from Birks and Harvey (2018) and Adlimoghaddam et al. (2018) came to approximately the same conclusions about the benefits of donezipil and its side effects depending on the dosage. At the same time, according to the pyramid of evidence, systematic reviews are the most accurate due to the amount of information processed and the extensiveness of the analysis; therefore, they are credible. In their meta-analysis, Chen et al. (2017) also confirmed the efficacy of donepezil, although they noted that the treatment has more significant effects combined with memantine. In addition, although a small amount of literature determines the effectiveness of donezipil depending on the duration of therapy, all studies measure results after at least 12 weeks. A gradual dose increase at the start of treatment is also recommended by Adlimoghaddam et al. (2018). Thus, all decisions are evidence-based and should benefit the patient. I was hoping to improve their memory and coordination of Mr. Akkad over time by choosing Aricept (donepezil) because it is an approved drug with evidence of efficacy. According to Adlimoghaddam et al. (2018), “Due to the effect of donepezil for severe end-stage dementia, almost 20-30% of patients acquired cognitive (22%), behavioral (28%), and/or functional (22%) benefit” (p.879). However, Birks and Harvey (2018) demonstrate that 5mg of donepezil’s side effects are less harmful and possible; therefore, it is safer to start treatment with this dosage. Thus, my goal was to test the tolerability of Mr. Akkad. However, I hoped to achieve minor improvements after increasing the dose to 10 mg, although this did not happen. Analysis of the case study and literature made me understand that my expectations were too high for such a short time, and conclusions about the effectiveness of treatment can only be drawn after 12-24 weeks. Thus, although I expected to achieve more significant results, in general, my expectations were in line with the results of the case study. In conclusion, the treatment of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease with Aricept (donepezil) is an evidence-based approach. The effectiveness of this approach is supported by several systematic reviews and scientific articles with a high level of evidence. Increasing the dose gradually is also a logical and accepted practice to avoid unwanted side effects. However, treatment takes longer to evaluate its effectiveness and add or discontinue medications. References Adlimoghaddam, A., Neuendorff, M., Roy, B., & Albensi, B. C. (2018). A review of clinical treatment considerations of donepezil in severe Alzheimer’s disease. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 24 (10), 876–888. Web. Birks, J. S., & Harvey, R. J. (2018). Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . Web. Burke, A.D., Goldfarb, D., Bollam, P. & Khokher, S. (2019). Diagnosing and treating depression in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology and Therapy, 8, 325–350. Web. Chen, R., Chan, P.-T., Chu, H., Lin, Y.-C., Chang, P.-C., Chen, C.-Y., & Chou, K.-R. (2017). Treatment effects between monotherapy of donepezil versus combination with memantine for Alzheimer disease: A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE 12 (8): e0183586. Web. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) resources. (n.d.). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Educational Promise of Social Media Essay Some schools have banned the use of cell phones during school hours to avoid distractions and restrict communications between students and teachers over social media. Thomas, H., Susan, L., & Mary, G. (2010) states that, The American Library Association believes that if students are prohibited from using the social media, it only leaves them without knowledge for protecting privacy and therefore should be educated to use it in a responsible and ethical way. Facebook is one of the influential sites. A teacher for instance, can connect to reach his students and also contact their families. It also provides instant learning to the students by updating them on different developments during snow days. Some students, who use Skype, twitter and Facebook can contact the different authors and also undertake long distant projects with other students. There are so many groups that interact over such websites. They come from different cultures and backgrounds. The results of such interaction are very good. Most people who interact come from different races and therefore do share a variety of information. Social media may also be integrated into classroom by allowing the students to access social media sites (Toppo, 2011). Management software can be installed to allow the staff to monitor the activities being done on the internet or while using the social media. Students may use the social media in a negative way and this may make them develop very bad characters within a very short time. There should be a curriculum that explains how to use social media to benefit the students learning. This enables them to use it in a more meaningful way to have a positive impact in their development. A child, who learns on the use of internet for learning purposes at a very young age, becomes very active intellectually. The staff should then watch the students as they conduct themselves while using the internet for learning. This helps in preventing them from accessing certain sites like the pornographic sites. Such students copy the same characters and then try to put them into practice and therefore end up destroying their lives. Facebook may also assist the teacher to connect or communicate with the students and parents as well as share the information of the school with other educational stakeholders. Students may receive assignments over Facebook and do them. Social networking has also been in use for a long time to specifically promote social interaction between different people. For example the teachers and students can interact positively and avoid the negative effects of social media. Teachers can post pictures, assignments and other tasks. Online classrooms can be done effectively by using technology to allow teachers in helping students to solve different questions online and any further assistance required. Any announcements or advertisement can also be posted on the internet to allow students access them but teachers should not have profile. The students can also interact in the public. This becomes very useful in the interaction of different groups over the website. Social websites are such an important resource for the students if only used effectively. Every student who makes use of these resources in a positive way can perform better than those who do not make use of the internet. The use of social media can only be useful if the students or children are closely watched and guided on how to make use of it for positive development. This is the only way that we can benefit from the use of social media. References Thomas, H., Susan, L., & Mary, G. (2010). Instruction: A Models Approach. Allyn & Bacon. Toppo G. (2011). Social media find place in classroom. USA Today. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Individual and Group Incentive Plans Research Paper The need for incentive rewards as a form of promoting quality and productivity has made companies across the global village to adopt different incentive plans. Often, these plans are aimed at enticing the workforce to perform above the normal standards. HR professionals have noted enterprise, individual, and group incentive plans. Thus, this reflective paper adopts a deductive approach presenting the pros and cons of individual and group incentive plans review from refereed journal articles on the perspectives of quality and relevance. In addition, the treatise looks into the key quality measures that are considered important by incentive plan implementers. Incentive plan is one of the most discussed topics in the human resource management. Depending on the plan adopted, every group has an interpretation of the term ‘quality’ as a result of incentive plan implementation. However, there is usually a lot of difference in people’s perspectives about quality depending on the type of incentive plan adopted. As the oldest form of incentive plan, piecework is “an incentive plan under which employees receive a certain rate for each unit produced” (Brink, Fruytier, & Thunnissen, 2012, p. 219). Generally, piecework plan’s merit is that “employees are paid based on their performances” (Kaynak, 2003, p. 429). Thus, it inspires underperformers to improve on their service delivery upon witnessing top achievers receiving rewards. However, piecework plan “may not motivate employees especially when employees believe that the above average performance will provoke disapproval between the fellow coworkers” (Brink, Fruytier, & Thunnissen, 2012, p. 219). Moreover, this type of incentive plan is restricted to specific situations and may not present quantifiable results in long term. Generally, it requires “constant administration as well as industrial engineers and/or industrial engineering technicians to maintain the system” (Brink, Fruytier, & Thunnissen, 2012, p. 220). Group incentive plans are aimed at giving rewards to a group or a team for an outstanding achievement. Instead of concentrating on an individual, these plans attempt to promote quality through team encouragement. Often, based on the group’s overall performance, many firms pay the same quantity of incentive to all members of the group. This type of incentive plan is best suited “when quality is more important than quantity” (Kaynak, 2003, p. 432). Thus, group incentive plans “differ from the individual ones as they encourage employees to cooperate each other in order to achieve companies’ goals” (Brink, Fruytier, & Thunnissen, 2012, p. 220). Among the merits of group incentive plans include minimization of envy between employees, acquisition of different learning skills from several interacting teams, and collective responsibility in execution of duty. Besides, member of these teams are likely to adopt healthy competition as group interest will override that of self interest. However, it has the disadvantage “of pushing each other to the limit to perform or the free ride effect when one team member is putting less effort to succeed but he or she shares equally the reward with the other team members” (Kaynak, 2003, p. 429). In addition, this plan is likely to be affected by inter group social misunderstandings and group incompatibility. The initial step towards implementing a quality management tool like an incentive plan is to identify the activities that constitute quality for any specific goal. This would lead to identification of key performance indicators which should be benchmarked in initiating the plan. It is important to note that perception of the important indicators varies according to the frame of the incentive plan adopted. For example, perspective of piecework plan about what constitutes quality and activities that will help to improve it could be different from that of group incentive plan. Therefore, before formulating a framework of incentive plan for an organization, it is imperative to ascertain the attitudes and perceptions of individuals working in that organization towards what they consider quality performance. Therefore, a good incentive plan should address the requirements and concerns of majority of the stakeholders. This will help in converging everyone’s perceptions towards shared goals. Firms are always trying to meet the above requirements. However, the absence of formal initiatives to ensure comparability of provision and procedures impose a human resource management challenges. In the absence of flexible incentive benchmarking initiative in an organization, “there is lack of clarity regarding areas where the institution is following best practices and the areas where there is a significant need for improvement” (Kaynak, 2003, p. 430). A need therefore exists to define a mechanism for quality improvement in the firm based on sharing of the best practices between firms and learning from each other. The first step in devising an incentive plan mechanism is to learn how the quality is perceived within the firm. This should be followed by determining measures that are considered as important benchmarks. Within the context of human resource management, aspects of quality improvement as a result of incentives should be linked with the institutional strategy. A skeptical approach “in reviewing effectiveness of incentive plans identifies lack of proper measures” (Schneider, Chung, &Yusko, 1993, p. 198). Conclusively, the term ‘incentive plan’ is of significance in promoting performance. Often, the results are determined by the type of incentive plan adopted. Once the understanding of quality improvement is realized, incentive plans facilitate better quality management practices. References Brink, M., Fruytier, B., & Thunnissen, M. (2012). Talent management in academia: performance systems and HRM policies. Human Resource Management Journal , 22(2), 201-223. Kaynak, H. (2003). The relationship between total quality management practices and their effects on firm performance. Journal of Operations Management , 21(4), 405–435. Schneider, B., Chung, B., &Yusko, K. (1993). Service Climate for Service Quality. Current directions in Psychological Science , 12(2), 197-200. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cash for Clunkers Program Term Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The success of the cash for clunkers program 3. Effects of the program 4. Reference List Introduction The cash for clunkers regulation is a program which was designed to allow car owners to trade their used cars with poor fuel consumption rate for more fuel efficient ones. This trade is to be accompanied by a benefit of $4500 from the national government. However, the consumers can only get one rebate with the credit liable to taxation. Similarly trade-in vehicle under joint ownership gets only a single credit. The car to be traded should be no more than 18 mpg with the new one having a minimum of 22 mpg. The vehicle to be traded has to have been insured for not less than a year. The vehicle has to be in a state of being able to be driven. The owner of the trade-in car must therefore confirm that the vehicle can be operated on its own power during the trading-in process. Additionally, for vehicles to be eligible for trading under the cash for clunkers program, it must have a suggestion of retail price from the manufacturer which should be less or equal to $45,000. The trade-in vehicle is required to be registered to one owner for at least one year without change of ownership. In the case where the vehicle is owned by two or more persons, it has to have been registered under one, some or all the parties for the same period of one year (Griffin, 2011, p. 10). For the trade-in vehicle to have an eligible registration, it has to have a registration document showing the purchaser’s ownership for at least one year immediately a year before the trade-in. in case of changes in ownership in a co-owned vehicle during the final year to trade-in, the registration is considered valid with the condition that the purchaser appears in the certification for that same period. The dealer involve in the trading-in of any vehicle is required by the agency to have clear title to be able to dispose the vehicle under the cash for clunkers program. Despite the fact that many consumers consider the use of motorcycles to be economical in saving fuel and environment friendly, this program does not consider them as eligible, not only for trade-in, but also for purchase or lease. When a truck considered as a category 3 trucks is traded in for another category 3 truck, the credit for the new one should be $3,500 regardless of whether the new truck is smaller than the old one or is of the same size. This program covered all the 50 United States and thus, for a trade-in to be eligible the dealer must be a citizen of the United States and the vehicle to be traded in must as well be insured in the United States. However, not all vehicles qualify for trading in under this program. The agency has excluded trading in of vehicles which are not manufactured for transporting people and those that are susceptible to operations off-highway. Such vehicles include pickup trucks, cargo carrying vehicles and vehicles that have physical characteristics in regard to ground clearance. The eligibility of category 1 and 2 trucks is determined by the length of the wheelbase with the shortest ones being more offered for trade-in than the long ones. The trade-in vehicle must be disposed off through crushing to ensure that it does not get on the road again. The success of the cash for clunkers program The cash for clunkers program was definitely a successful one as the economy of the United States has since then been in a better shape thanks to the program. However, the introduction of this program saw a large turnout of consumers which led to exhaustion of allotted cash for the same by the government. The program was almost suspended and due to this, many consumers have new vehicles which mean that the sales were much impressive (Huffman, 2009). Consumers benefited by getting subsidies for their old vehicles as well as enjoying the new fuel efficient vehicles thus improving their economy. Consumers got encouraged of buying new cars over and over as well as showroom programs. The eligibility of trade-in vehicles on fuel economy should be reduced to cover most of the consumers. Other associated regulations such as registration and insurance should be lessened to help cater for more consumers as well. With availability of funds, I would design the program on a yearly basis to ensure that the environment is improved as well as maintaining the economy of our nation. Effects of the program The main goals of the cash for clunkers program were to help in improving the environment through the use of fuel economical vehicles and also to stabilize the economy for the people of the United States. While these goals may seem to have been met, the program was not much effective since the many regulations to the program left out so many consumers and environmental impacts resulting from the use of old fuel inefficient vehicles was not completely dealt with. Similarly, the economy cannot be said to have improved especially with the destruction of the old cars for the trade-in program. This is because this move would mean more costs on spare parts; many such businesses will be closed, consumers with the new vehicles will have much increased monthly payments and low income earners will definitely be disadvantaged because most of them purchase old cars which are required by this program to be destroyed hence increasing the costs of the few left (Toggle, 2009, p. 1). Reference List Griffin, K. (2011). Tips and advice on understanding cash for clunkers. Web. Huffman, M. (2009). Cash for clunkers success a positive economic sign . Web. Toggle, K. (2009). Cash for clunkers program in full swing. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Balance of Payments in Global Economics Report Balance of payments (BoP) is an account of acquisitions and sales on the foreign market done by a country. Certain economists tend to exaggerate the meaning of this concept as a predictor of adverse economic issues in countries (Stein, 2008). Due to the existence of misunderstandings in this sphere, this paper will discuss the importance of the balance of payments and its components. The Importance of the Balance of Payments as an Accounting Measure The balance of payments does not appear to be an effective accounting measure. If accounting is understood more broadly than simply a display of processed financial information about an entity within the economy, then the balance of payments cannot be viewed as a meaningful item. The reason for this is that BoP only shows that national currency was placed outside the country in exchange for goods, services, or other valuables and other nation’s currency in some form entered the border (Stein, 2008). It does not tell anything about the reasons why it occurred or is it a positive or a negative change. BoP only registers transactions and is not suggestive of the processes that run within the country or in the world. In comparison to a more complex accounting measure such as the loss/profit statement that demonstrates the financial health of the company, BoP does not contain any such implications. For instance, if an American businessman buys a factory in France for 100 million dollars, the country seems to lose that sum of money in BoP, but in a few years that factory could bring the U.S. an equal sum of dollars in taxes, eliminating the deficit. Therefore, this measure cannot be used to draw any conclusions about the economic health of a country. The Current Account and Its Components Current account is an integral part of the balance of payments that represents imports and exports of goods and services, foreign investor fees, fees received for investments abroad, and one-way payments such as foreign aid (Freeman, Shoulders, Allison, & Smith, 2014). The deficit in current account means that a certain amount of currency exited the country in exchange for something. Surplus means that some goods or services were sold for the country’s currency and that currency is now within the country’s economy. The function of this concept is to demonstrate and account for all transactions made between the home country and foreign ones. The current account consists of three components such as trade balance, foreign net income, and net current transfers. The first component represents only the transactions that resulted in an exchange of goods or services. The second part is the difference between the earnings of individuals received from abroad and earnings of foreigners in the country. The third part is the amount of money that citizens of the country transferred abroad. Together these variables provide an overview of the transactions and financial operations in a country and let the government exercise control and take actions if they deem it necessary. Capital and Financial Accounts and Their Components Capital account serves as a measure of investments made domestically by foreigners and abroad by residents. It includes direct investments, investments in shares, and capital reserves. If current account has a deficit, it means that capital account should have a surplus which in BoP equals zero. Capital account serves as a more valid accounting measure as it shows the interest of foreign investors in the acquisition of a country’s property, shares of its companies, or direct investing. That means that the country’s economy demonstrates stable growth and enjoys the trust of foreigners as they lend a nation its finances. Financial account demonstrates “net acquisition and disposal of financial assets and liabilities” (International Monetary Fund [IMF], n.d.). In IMF terminology, it is also a part of the country’s BoP. U.S. Deficit in Traded Goods and the Balance of Payments According to Hellerstein and Tille (2008) trade deficit in the U.S. current account is representative of the weight of earnings from global assets and liabilities within the BoP structure. They argue that the more goods and services flows in and out of the country, the more significantly it influences globalization and the greater its impact is on the U.S. economy. The deficit in traded goods symbolizes that America produces and sells more goods than it imports. It is one of the most important factors that explain the variations in the current account (Hellerstein & Tille, 2008). In addition, the constant flow of goods and services traded abroad and demonstrated through this variable insulates the domestic workers from risks in case of recession as the hazards are distributed among the countries with which the U.S. trades. This means that the more goods the U.S. produces and, most importantly, sells to the other countries, the more stable is the position of the domestic industries because there is a constant demand in what they have to offer. Thus, this factor is one of the most significant in analyses of BoP. Conclusion Thus, BoP is a complex and paramount concept that needs to be studied at all times as the global economy shifts constantly occur. As a whole, this concept is not very significant as an accounting measure. However, trade balance, as argued by researchers, appears to be representative of the country’s economic stability. References Freeman, R. J., Shoulders, C. D., Allison, G. S., & Smith, G. R. (2014). Governmental and nonprofit accounting . New York, NY: Pearson Education Limited. Hellerstein, R., & Tille, C. (2008). The changing nature of the U.S. balance of payments . Current Issues in Economics and Finance, 14 (4). Web. International Monetary Fund. (n.d.). What is the financial account in the balance of payments statistics (BOPS)? Web. Stein, H. (2008). Balance of payments. The concise encyclopedia of economics . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Strategic Levels of the Special Forces against the Taliban Report The analyzed document is devoted to the operations of the US Army in Afghanistan, the leading causes for the emergence of the need for military intervention, strategy, and description of the opposing forces, their intents, and peculiarities. The region has always been the source of instability and terrorist threat to the whole world. Terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 11 September 2001 became the last events that demonstrated the need for an effective response with the primary goal to stabilize the situation and protect US citizens from new waves of terror and violence. The balance of power peculiar to the region and the historical background that promoted the creation of the specific situation became other factors that laid the ground for the critical destabilization of the country. Along with the description of operations performed by military forces of the USA, its purposes, results, and peculiarities, the document also reveals opponents’ strategic intents and issues that formed relations between all parties to the conflict. In the 21st century, Afghanistan was in shambles and characterized by a lack of stability. The tribal structure that has always been the most powerful political force in the land prevented the effective functioning of the central government. Moreover, the Soviet invasion destroyed the emerging political and economic structures. It created the basis for the emergence of strong actors who tried to take advantage of this chaos and grasp power. One of the major strategic intentions represented by the Taliban group was to return the country to Islamic rule using violent measures and brutal responses to eliminate all kinds of opposition and resistance. This group also cultivated the growth of terrorist groups, such as Al Qaeda headed by Osama Bin Laden, who followed similar purposes and wanted to attract global attention and spread havoc in the world. The document also outlines the primary threats the opponent perceived. Taliban correctly realized the violent character of their actions and the illegal nature of their government. Moreover, accepting the leading role of the USA in global politics, terrorist groups recognized US military forces as one of the primary threats to their power in the region. The previous operations in the Middle East, along with the traditionally high American interest in Afghanistan and neighboring areas, were also taken as threatening factors that could have a pernicious impact on the further spread of Taliban and Islamic rule. For this reason, terrorist attacks and war were accepted as one of the strategies to deal with this threat. Moreover, because of the landscape, Taliban forces felt safe and protected from all operations except for the troops on the ground. The text states that to operate in the area successfully, the USA had to create a base to organize its functioning and accomplish goals. For this reason, the first operations were focused on securing the area and penetrating some regions of the country. Moreover, with further advance, new missions, such as the raid on Kandahar and capture of Kabul, were completed. In general, the analyzed document outlines the strategy of the USA, its achievements, and its contribution to the destruction of the Taliban, one of the primary sources of instability and terrorist attacks in the region. Moreover, the liberation of Afghanistan and the defeat of Al Qaeda became other successes that were preconditioned by planning, support of Northern Alliance, and in-time intervention to avoid new acts of violence and destructions. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The HIV and AIDS problem between educated and non-educated children in Uganda Essay Table of Contents 1. Overview 2. HIV/AIDS among educated children in Uganda 3. HIV/AIDS among non-educated children in Uganda 4. Works Cited Overview Uganda has made tremendous improvements in terms of declining the number of people living with HIV/AIDS. This trend is traceable to the early 1990s when the government launched an initiative campaign aimed at eradicating the scourge. According to the survey conducted by UNICEF, the number of children up to the age of 15 years living with HIV/AIDs dropped to a record 1.1 million. The report by the Ugandan Ministry of Health, to mother-child infection accounted for about 90% of children living with HIV/AIDS. The increase in the HIV/AIDS infection has been challenging in respect of the inability to track their demographics (Dube, Shoko and Hayes 98). HIV/AIDS among educated children in Uganda A survey conducted in Uganda suggests that sex education in Ugandan schools and through the media has prevailed in encouraging teenagers to engage in protected sex or have delayed the age at which they participate in premarital sex. Since the campaign initiative of the early 1990s, a USAID-sponsored scheme to encourage the use of condoms through community and school education has improved condom use from about 7% to a whopping 50% in the Ugandan rural areas while the urban areas have managed over 85%. Increased use of condoms among teenagers aged between 13-19 years saw a reduced the rate of infection by about 60%. Additionally, sex education among children organized to salvage the children have recorded an increased number of children who have never engaged in early sex from 20% to about 65% between 1989 and 2005 (Dube, Shoko and Hayes 128). Although it is arguable that the HIV/AIDS prevalence among children is heavily due to mother-child transmission, studies reveal that the prevalence among them has also been due to unprotected early sex. Generally, the reduced rate of children living with IADS has been mainly because of reduced prevalence among women aged between the ages of 15-24 years. Research suggests that there is a strict correlation between child education and HIV/AIDS prevalence (Dube, Shoko and Hayes 98). In a study conducted in Uganda in the early 1990s, results indicated that young men and women who completed secondary education were seven times less likely to contract the disease than those with little or no education (UNFPA, 2011). Women studies confirm that post-primary education among the girl-child provides the greatest pay-off for their empowerment. Additionally, higher education offers more specific knowledge and life skills required to make informed decisions during their later age. HIV/AIDS among non-educated children in Uganda Researches conducted by numerous scholars have suggested that there exist a positive relationship between education and HIV prevalence among children. Studies show that in the absence of awareness about HIV/AIDS, individuals tend to have several sex partners, hence increasing their risk of infection. According to Simmons, Fawzi and Bundy (2008), an increased sex education through prevention messages remains a protective element against the infection of HIV/AIDS. Increasingly, research demonstrates that increased educational campaign among children has been used as a tool in fighting against the pandemic. Reduced education enrollment among children in rural areas has increased the rate of HIV/AIDS infection among children in Uganda (Kalipeni 174). Studies suggest that people with low understanding of the effects of HIV/AIDS are risky compared to children with higher levels of education. According to a study conducted by Jukes, Simmons, Fawzi and Bundy (2008) on Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS (JLICA) found that HIV/IADS specific education a positive contribution toward reduced prevalence among children in the Sub-Saharan Africa. Although the educational efforts to reduce the HIV/AIDS infection has had a far-reaching impact on the reduced levels of prevalence among Ugandan children, declined campaigns in the rural Uganda accounts for the low improvements in HIV/AIDS prevalence among rural children. These results suggest that children who underwent through education stood a better chance of avoiding unprotected and early sex compared to those who had little or no education (Dube, Shoko and Hayes 98). Gender studies conducted demonstrate that girls with less than 7 years of study exhibited a higher likelihood of getting married before the age of18, and early marriages have a statistical link to high risks of infection (UNFPA, 2011). Schools provide a mechanism of sourcing for information about the prevention of HIV. Recent studies and analysis by Global campaign for Education (GCE) indicate that if children attained a complete primary education, it can reduce the impact of HIV by about 700, 000 cases among young adults. Works Cited Dube, Lilian, Tabona Shoko, and Stephen Hayes. African Initiatives in Healing Ministry. University of South Africa: UNISA Press. Jukes, Matthew, Stephanie Simmons, Mary Fawzi and Donald Bundy. “Educational access and HIV prevention: Making the case for education as a health priority in sub-Saharan Africa.” Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS. (2008): 1-33. Kalipeni, Ezekiel. HIV and AIDS in Africa: beyond epidemiology . New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. Print. UNFPA . Women and HIV/AIDS: Confronting the Crisis . Web. < https://www.unfpa.org/publications/women-and-hivaids > | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Weaver Mills Company Against Natural Fibre Company Essay In legal parlance, a contract is normally an agreement entered into with a view of instituting a legal commitment. Contracts are legally enforceable; in case a party goes against the agreement the other party can rush to the courts to seek for a remedy. All contracts, irrespective of their nature have common elements: – there has to mutual consent between the parties involved, mutual consent here may mean there is an offer, which has to be accepted to make the contract valid and legally enforceable; a consideration, which is the subject matter of agreement, must also exist and it has to be sufficient. Sales of goods act is a law under the contracts law and most principles applying to contracts also apply to them. Sales of goods are of a form of contract that involves the buyer and the seller and consideration which are the goods to sold or bought. The seller makes an offer and the buyer assuming that the title of the goods rightfully belongs to the seller may either accept or not to buy (Schaffer, Agusti, & Earle, 2008). It’s the title held by the seller that is transferred to the buyer, this is in accordance with the principle of “Nemo data quad nonhabet,” in the case of sales of goods the principle “caveat emptor” means buyer beware also applies. In our case, weaver mills co. entered into a sales contract with natural Fibre Company. Natural Fibre Company was to sell and deliver 100000 yards of jute at $0.64 per yard. The offer here was 100000 yards of jute at $0.64 and nothing else. The offer was forthright accepted by Weaver Mills Company and Natural Fibre Company started by delivering the first batch of the jutes of which it made a delivery of 22228 yards at the agreed price. Later the company decided to dishonor the unaccomplished portion of the contract which was the delivery of77772 yards of jute at $0.64 his is the case of a part performance. According to the CIGS, Weaver Mills Company has the right to protest against Natural Fibre Company for going against their sale agreement. According to the agreement, the seller’s obligation is normally to deliver the goods and hand over documents relating to the sale and that of the buyer is to receive the consignment in case they meet their specifications of quality, quantity, and description (Schaffer, Agusti, & Earle, 2008). Weaver Mills Company will then go to the courts to seek for remedy for breach of contract by Natural Fibre on: – part performance where he only delivered in part hence inconveniencing Weaver Mills to look for another supplier. In addition, weaver will also sue natural fibre for a compensation of the extra amounts incurred above the amount they had agreed upon of $0.64. This suit will enable Weaver Mills recover the extra amounts he had spent in acquiring the goods from other suppliers. The remedies above are according to the United Nations Convention on Contract of International Sales of Goods, it states that remedies are in the case of a no fundamental breach, remedies like specific performance, damages, and adjustment of contract prices are available to the aggrieved party (Schaffer, Agusti, & Earle, 2008). Therefore, all the above remedies are as well available to Weaver Mills Company against Natural Fibre Company. Therefore, in case the latter files a suit, then Natural Fibre Company is obliged to compensate all these and even others. References Schaffer, R., Agusti, F., & Earle, B. (2008). International Business Law and Its Environment. South-Western: Cengage Learning.Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Chances of a Successful Appeal by a Marijuana Convict Essay This paper analyses chances of a successful appeal by a marijuana convict. A police officer inspected the defendant’s garbage after suspecting that he was a drug dealer. The officer found some evidence which she used to claim a warrant of search. My client (the defendant) was arrested after some pieces of marijuana were discovered in his house during the search. He was found guilty by the Trial Court. In this regard, I will analyse precedents to decide the next course of action. California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988) is a similar case in which Stracner and Rahaeuser (investigators) searched Greenwood’s trash outside his home after suspecting that he was a drug dealer. The investigators obtained evidence that linked Greenwood to narcotics and used it to get a search warrant. The inspection that followed resulted in collection of more evidence and arrest of Greenwood. The Superior Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment rights of the defendant were violated; a decision that was upheld by the Court of Appeal. The issue in this case was to determine whether the warrantless inspection of Greenwood’s trash violated the Fourth Amendment or not. The law says that inspection violates the Fourth Amendment if privacy is objectively expected and the expectation is recognized by other people. In a decision supported by six out of eight judges, the Supreme Court reversed the ruling of lower courts. The court claimed that Greenwood’s expectation was not reasonable to other people. This ruling denies us relief under Federal precedent because any court that considers the case is likely to deliver the same verdict. Our case is further complicated by the fact that the Massachusetts Commonwealth is in full accord with the Federal precedent (Sinclair, 2007). This is important because it means the State’s Court of Appeal is unlikely to divert from the findings of the Supreme Court. However, there have been instances when State Courts divert from Federal precedents (Lamond, 2005). One example is State v. Goss, 150 NH 46 (2003) in the state of New Hampshire. We have to consider precedents in other states because our wishes are unlikely to prevail in the Federal precedent. In State v. Goss, Sergeant Way suspected Goss of engaging in drug related crimes. The officer searched the suspect’s trash packed in black papers outside his home and obtained evidence linking him to Marijuana. The evidence was used to get a warrant that led to confiscation of more evidence and arrest of Goss. The Trial Court declared him guilty but he appealed claiming that his rights in the Fourth Amendment were violated. The issue in this case was to determine whether warrantless search of Goss’ trash violated the Fourth Amendment or not. The law says that a search does not violate the Fourth Amendment unless privacy is expected and such expectation is recognized by other people. The Court of Appeal reversed the ruling of the trial court. It was claimed that people’s most guarded secretes can be found in their garbage. The judges claimed that after Goss put the trash in black papers, he expected that the contents would not be accessed by anyone. The court ordered that any evidence obtained as a result of trash inspection be removed from the affidavit before the remaining evidence is assessed for probable cause. This finding opposes the ruling by the Supreme Court in California v. Greenwood which had indicated that one cannot reasonably expect privacy in material thrown on the street. State v. Goss can form the basis of our argument in two ways. It establishes that it is reasonable to expect privacy in garbage. It also establishes that Federal decisions can be reversed by state courts (Caleb, 2001). In this regard, we have to use precedents from any authority to convince the Massachusetts Court of Appeal that there is nothing wrong with diverting from Supreme Court decisions. States that have ignored Federal precedents can help us win the case in the Massachusetts Court of Appeals. References Caleb, N. (2001). Stare Decisis and Demonstrably Erroneous Precedent. Virginia Law Review , 84: 23-30. California v. Greenwood , 486 U.S. 35 (1988). Lamond, G, (2005). Do precedents create rules? Legal Theory, 15: 1–26. Sinclair, M. (2007). Precedent, Super-Precedent. George Mason Law Review 14(363): 34-37. State v. Goss , 150 NH 46 (2003). | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The American government is responsible for unifying the different states that are under the United States of America. The government ensures justice, infrastructure, as well as economic development. The government of America provides its citizens with a common defense against attacks from foreigners. Without the government, Americans would not have a secure territory and probably the country would not be in existence. Functions of a government that infuse the force and social contract The academic system and social justice are all established and supported by the government. In the absence of the rule of law, America would be the country full of chaos, and it would be involved in war as it was during the Civil War (Coleman, Goldstein, and Howell). The government is also important because it protects its citizens from invasion and ensures their safety. Without the government, exchange of goods, services and the money system would not function, hence, America would be a failed state like some countries in the Middle East nowadays (Coleman, Goldstein, and Howell). Such services as fire protection, local police security forces, armed forces, and post offices would not be possible to offer citizens without the government. It provides opportunities for its citizens to access knowledge through schools hence promoting development (Coleman, Goldstein, and Howell). Through government policies, social order is maintained, economic systems are kept under surveillance, and security is granted. The government regulates international trade and as such it can protect its citizens against any harmful products. The social contract and force theory The social contract theory states that a person’s political obligations are shaped by the agreement between him or her and the society. This theory is influenced by modern, moral and political theories in politics (Coleman, Goldstein, and Howell). The social contract as presented by Plato describes justice as the conventional result of the law. He argues that people have no problem with injustices as long as they are not the victims. People are comfortable while acting unjustly against others but they get angry when others perform injustices against them. For this reason, the law gives us a common ground to access justice (Coleman, Goldstein, and Howell). The force theory, on the other hand, states that other groups or individuals may take control of an area or region forcing the natives to follow their laws and governance. This is a situation where governance is enforced to the locals by the invading foreigners. The government is charged with the responsibility to protect and ensure that its citizens are not subjected to such political misfortunes. Conclusion The government as discussed in this paper is inevitable and its functions are fundamental for a harmonious existence. Without governance, a lot of other sectors that make the United States a great state, would collapse (Coleman, Goldstein, and Howell). The government forms a pool of collective responsibilities engaging its citizens in profitable nation building activities. This helps to build a strong country in terms of military, infrastructure, education, and communication, social and economic activities. This essay, therefore, confirms the importance of a government by citing the different and fundamental functions and roles that a government plays. Works Cited Coleman, John, Kenneth Goldstein, and William Howell. Understanding American Politics and Government . New York, NY: Longman, 2008. Amazon. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Industrialization and Increased Agricultural Production Coursework The paper begins by examining the dramatic reduction of interest rates and the increase in agricultural yields in a bid to help us better understand England’s economic revolution in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. During this time, there was a reduction in adult mortality and this resulted in increased savings, increased acreage of agricultural land, increased capital stock, reduced rates of capital returns, and improved agricultural production (Nicolini, 2004, p. 131). Technical changes in farming during this period resulted in the introduction of farm inputs such as fertilizers. This increased the fertility of the land, thereby increasing yields. At the same time, interest rates declined and this stimulated economic activities, including agriculture. Institutional innovations experienced in England during the ‘Glorious Revolution’ led to improved financial markets. Consequently, interest rates declined while there was improved capital accumulation. Nicoli also brings in a demographic element in an attempt to better explain the processes of increased agricultural yields and reduced interest rates: the substantial decline in English mortality rate, and the increase in adult life expectancy (Nicolini, 2004, p. 133). Along with this development, the author incorporates the evolution of interest and investment rates. Towards this end, the author has applied the life-cycle theory savings. With higher life expectancy comes increased impatience for economic agents, higher production, and increased capital accumulation. The model of capital accumulation that the author has adopted forecast that as the adult mortality rate decreases, farmers respond by accumulating more capital. In this case, capital accumulation is represented by increase in land acreage meant for agricultural production. It also includes increased land fertility and improved nitrogen stock in the soil. The author argues that this is what could have transpired in England during this period. In addition, farmers were also forced to clear more marginal land to expand agricultural production area. Crop rotation is associated with the efficient management of nitrogen content in the soil. As farmers became more knowledgeable about crop rotation, the increased investment in land by farmer led to improved production per acre. Moreover, farmers had already started implementing land rotation practices. Pastureland also declined marginally between 1800 and 1830 as more land was dedicated to agricultural production (Nicolini, 2004, p. 140).The attitude of farmers towards agricultural production was also changing and many of them were already implementing aggressive land preparation practices prior to sowing. In turn, this led to improved yields. Between 1700 and 1800, England experienced a significant improvement in adult life expectancy by approximately four years. As such, farmers became increasingly apprehensive about their future (Nicolini, 2004, p. 137). This could have perhaps stimulated their propensity to increase savings, reduce consumption, and make long-term projections. In addition, farmers were also enjoying improved lengths of land tenure and as a result, they invested more on long term benefits. There is also the added incentive of maximizing production in the long term because of the improved land leases. Through the aforementioned arguments, the author presents a strong and plausible assertion that the increase in life expectancy in England between the 17 th and 18 th centuries had the potential to bring about profound proportion of the economic changes within the agricultural sector before the Industrial Revolution. The author summarizes the article by stating that there is the need to factor in this argument along with other traditional hypotheses as an alternative explanation to the increased adult life expectancy, increased agricultural production, improved investment and interest rates in England in the 18 th Century. Reference Nicolini, E. A. (2004). Mortality, interest rates, investment, and agricultural production in 18 th century England. Explorations in Economic History , 41, 130- 155. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Health Care and Other Benefits for Human Resources Essay Health care is one of the basic factors that firms are always forced to offer to their employees. Firms in the current world find it very difficult to operate because of the competitive working environment. This working environment is so competitive that firms are always forced to find ways of reducing any little cost of operations that can be reduced. According to Gordon (2006), the world has become so competitive because of the increasing number of firms that offer similar products in the market. This means that the number of suppliers will remain relatively smaller. Suppliers will have a wider choice of who to offer their products. This makes suppliers charge higher prices for their products in the market. On the other hand, firms find that they have to compete for the customers. Customers have a wider variety to choose from when they want to make any purchase. They will therefore, demand a cheaper price for the products they purchase. These results in a situation where firms use more to produce their goods, but they are forced to sell them at a lesser price in order to get the market. This awkward situation forces firms to find mechanisms through which they can cut costs of operation from whichever front. Cutting down the cost of healthcare that a firm has to pay for its employees is one of the ways through which a firm can increase its profitability. This paper is focused on how a firm can successfully cut the cost of health care for its employees. When the current president of the United States, Mr. Barrack Obama, took office in 2008, one of the most prominent bills that he sponsored was the healthcare bill. Also popularly known as Obamacare, this bill has had a massive impact to the entire society in general (Goff, 2011). It is a fact that this bill helped ensure that every American, poor or rich, has access to free medical attention. This was a positive move towards a healthy American society. However, the burden of this free healthcare for all must be shouldered on some people or organizations in this country. The hardest hit group was probably the employers in this country. Before this legislation, the law was not very strict on how firms would pay for their employees’ health insurance fund. Although it was a mandate that firms had to remit a specific amount to the health insurance scheme for this purpose, there was no direct government’s hand in this payment. Currently, government strictly dictates how firms should be paying this fee, and the amount that should be paid. The government also regulates strictly, the amount of money that these employees should earn, hence the minimum allowable fee to pay as a health insurance fee. Human resource must however, find a way of cutting cost of the healthcare it pays to its employees. There are a number of ways through which human resource management can achieve this. The first way of doing this is to contract some of the services from other firms. Instead of having a fully fledged logistics department with an array of employees, the firm can contract a logistics firm that will be responsible for ensuring that raw materials reach the firm in time, and the products reach the market (Nash, 2010). This will mean that the firm will be cutting down on its employees hence the amount needed for the healthcare insurance will be reduced. Another way of reducing this cost is by moving a section of the firm outside the country. Apple Inc is one of the most successful American firms in the world. This firm moved its production unit to China. Not only does this firm get cheap labor in this country, but also reduced amount of healthcare insurance bill to pay for its employees. When a firm moves part of its operational units to another country, the firm shall be avoiding the cost of having to pay high fees for the healthcare as stated in the Healthcare Bill 2010. Another department that can easily be contracted to firms which may even be outside the country is the customer call center. This department can be moved to another country where cost of labor is relatively cheap. India has been one of the most preferred countries for outsourcing of customer call center. To the employees who remain within the firm, it may not be easily to regulate the amount that the firm will have to pay as their health insurance fund. The Healthcare Bill 2010 clearly stated this amount based on the rank of an employee, and the amount of salary one earns (Dunham, 2011). However, human resource can still minimize this amount by having a learn firm in terms of employees, especially those at the top level. The management can consider merging some departments, and assigning them to one employee instead of having several top ranking officials. This will ensure that the firm will have lesser number of officials who have to pay high amount of health insurance fund. References Dunham, T. (2011). Health care financial management for nurse managers: Merging the heart with the dollar . Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Goff, L. (2011). Cutting the high cost of health care . New York: Poets & Writers. Gordon, S. (2006). Nursing against the odds: How health care cost cutting, media stereotypes, and medical hubris undermine nurses and patient care . Ithaca: ILR. Nash, C. E. (2010). Jiggered: The healthcare insurance industry . New York: Iuniverse Inc. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
CA06-1281 in Arkansas Report “A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties which is enforceable by law or by a binding arbitration” (American Law and legal Information Organization 2). Contracts involve exchange of promises which if broken will attract monetary or other forms of compensation. Compensation can be in monetary or any other form depending with the contract’s terms and conditions. Usually, it is a payment of what would have otherwise been paid if the defaulter had honored the agreement. For a contract to be legally abiding, both parties must have an agreement concerning the terms and conditions. The most important aspect of a contract is the offer and acceptance where one party offers an agreement and the other accepts (American Law and legal Information Organization 2). For a contract to hold any legal grounds, it must be a possible agreement, the parties must be of sound mind and must be above the required legal age for such kind of an agreement. Other than these conditions, consideration is a big part of the law of contracts. Consideration calls for a critical examination of how much a promise is going to cost. It must be sufficient, it must not be from the past and it must move from the promisee (American Law and legal Information Organization 2). Case study Case no. CA06-1281 was heard in Arkansas Court by Judge Karen R, Baker on 13 June, 2007. This was a breach of contract case. The plaintiff Steve Goldman claimed that the defendant had breached a contract. Steve Goldman entered into a contract with Hunter’s Green Development Co., LLC. Steve agreed to buy land from Hunter’s Green Development which would build a house on the land. David Carl was the developer. The construction began in January 2000 and was complete by August 2002. Hunter’s Green Development stopped construction after Steve refused to make further draws on the construction loan in May the same year. Steve based his refusal on Hunter’s Green Development’ purported failure to pay subcontractors and suppliers and failure to secure lien as required by the law of contracts. Steve the plaintiff, finished the construction on his own and sued the company for breach of contract. The person who did wiring and Gloria Hopkins, the defendant’s neighbor testified and the court entered judgment against the defendant. The trial court held that the law stated clearly, “where a contractor commits a material breach of contract, the owner is entitled to recision of the contract and restitution of any payments” (American Law and legal Information Organization). It was established that the remaining balance of contract at the time of defendant’s breach of contract was $50,225. The accrued interests on Mr. Steve Goldman’s the complainant construction loan amounted to $ 8, 071. In this case, the plaintiff was entitled to hiring another contractor since he wanted the construction completed. Damages were the difference between the unpaid amount of the contract price and the reasonable cost the plaintiff had used for construction. In this case, the difference amounted to $ 12,558 which was the reasonable cost the complainant incurred in completing the construction. It was therefore the amount he was entitled to in damages. The court ordered the defendant to pay the amount plus the accrued interest. Reference American Law and legal Information Organization. Legal information on contracts , 2009. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Senior at Home Food Service Organization’s Structure Essay The following diagram is an organizational chart showing the structure that would be adopted. The organizational structure that would be chosen for this organization is flat. Since this is a nonprofit firm designed to provide food for the elderly, it will possess several fundraising, operations, marketing, and publicity functions. These programs in the organizational structure will each have a director responsible for overseeing those functions. The communications director will ensure that all the marketing and publicity activities will be adequately catered to. The operations director will be responsible for preparing and delivering food to all the concerned parties, while the fundraising manager will liaise with various organizations and volunteers. Organizational structure impacts an organization’s traditional functions because it determines how time is spent, how people work together, and how money is designated. Additionally, it also influences the way organizational strategy is achieved. The flat structure was chosen because it can make people feel more involved in the organization. It enhances communication, builds team spirit, and hastens decision making (Yukl, 2002). The goals of the company would determine resource allocation. Priorities would be given to all activities that would contribute directly to food provision to elderly citizens. References Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in organizations . NJ: Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Development Essay Introduction The Millennium Development Goals (MDG), which were set by 189 countries, consisted of global targets aimed at improving livelihoods and eliminating numerous deprivations, among them poverty. In fact, the countries considered poverty as the most serious problem and affirmed their dedication to eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. According to Tagler and Cozzarelli (2013), poverty is an economic condition that is characterized by sustained low levels of income. The status affects access to basic services of education, health, food, and shelter. The research focuses on the causes of poverty and the benefits of poverty alleviation in achieving sustainable development. Causes of Poverty Poverty is a long-term consequence of economic, social, and political failures. According to Williams (2013), an author with ‘The Borgen Project (NGO)’, causes of poverty are categorized into four major categories. One of the causes of poverty is discrimination and social inequality. Levels of inequalities in income distribution, access to basic amenities, legal structures, and information lead to serious economic disparities that subject victims to poverty. Additionally, Burton and Development Programme United Nations (2005) consider war and political instability as a leading cause of poverty. Political instabilities and wars affect insecurities and social and legal structures responsible for enhancing equitable distribution of resources and wealth. Ineffective policies expose people to exploitation and corruption. Sociopolitical failures affect literacy levels and access to information, which is vital in promoting self-actualization. Similarly, geopolitical histories and locations are other major causes of poverty. At-risk countries exposed to frequent natural catastrophes experience serious challenges in sustaining infrastructure development, effective information communications, and delivery of communal amenities. Additionally, historical political conflicts led to the depletion of vital resources from colonies of historic superpowers. The last cause of poverty is the national debt accrued from local and international loans. The loans increase financial constraints in the affected countries and deter the implementation of development initiatives that empower citizens. How Poverty Alleviation May Help in Achieving Sustainable Development The Commission on Human Rights considers poverty eradication as an effective strategy for combating social and economic inequalities. There have been different poverty alleviation measures, including food distribution, the building of infrastructures and schools, intervening in politically unstable countries, and providing financial support, among others. Lloyd-Jones and Rakodi (2013) argue that poverty alleviation programs contribute greatly to achieving sustainable development. One of the benefits of poverty alleviation programs in achieving sustainable development is in empowering the poor. Provision of education, electricity, stable political structures and favorable market conditions are some of the poverty alleviation strategies that empower poor people. The other sustainable development target in poverty alleviation is introducing equality and non-discrimination measures. These initiatives ensure that affected persons are self-sufficient. Equality and accountability are also assured in poverty alleviation when funding goes from donors to governments yet to streamline local structures. Additionally, civil and social rights are streamlined through poverty alleviation strategies. Conclusion Poverty is one of the most challenging issues among global institutions. The causes of poverty have been associated with political failures, historical implications, and infringed human rights. The research demonstrates the need to address poverty in order to uphold human rights for the welfare of global sustained developments. Whereas human rights are not rigid, poverty needs a flexible platform to integrate affected people while targeting corrupt and compromised officials in the global governments. References Burton, I., & Development Programme United Nations. (2005). Adaptation policy frameworks for climate change: developing strategies, policies and measures. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Lloyd-Jones, T., & Rakodi, C. (2013). Urban livelihoods: A people-centred approach to reducing poverty . Ney York, NY: Routledge. Tagler, M. J., & Cozzarelli, C. (2013). Feelings toward the poor and beliefs about the causes of poverty: The role of affective-cognitive consistency in help-giving. The Journal of psychology , 147 (6), 517-539. Williams, D. (2013). What are Causes of Global Poverty? Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Moral Issues in Business” by Shaw and Barry Essay Shaw and Barry distinguish two different forms of utilitarianism. What are these two forms? Briefly describe each Ethical theories aim to provide all the necessary help to complete ethical analysis as to be means of a concrete guideline for making decisions. Each theory has its own points, goals, and consequences. Utilitarianism is defined by Shawn and Barry as the theory that takes into consideration any person who may be affected by actions. (Shaw and Barry, 59) Act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism are the two types presented by Shawn and Barry. Act utilitarianism is all about happiness and determination of outcomes: the consequences of good actions should make all people stronger. Rule utilitarianism also underlines the importance of positive outcomes but turns out to be more or less flexible. Rules are significant for society and carry certain moral weight. What do economists mean by the “declining marginal utility of money”? The marginal utility is a kind of utility when things like taste can stay equal, and a person still imputes less value to any good that serves as an outcome. The “declining marginal utility of money” is considered to be a growing gap that takes place between rich and poor and a kind of decrease in money usage that calls to promote social welfare. Robert Nozick presents his entitlement theory as a function of three basic principles. What are these three basic principles? Robert Nozick, an American philosopher, presented 3-part “entitlement theory”, where he demonstrated his belief that “free market exchanges respect people as equals.” (Johnson) There are three main principles which have to be considered: the acquisition principle (a person should be entitled to a holding if he/she acquires this holding according to the justice principle in acquisition); the transfer principle (a person may be entitled to a holding if he/she acquires this holding according to justice principle in transfer from another person, who has already entitled to the same holding); the rectification principle (no one may be entitled to a holding taking into consideration the principle # 1 and # 2). Two main features of John Rawls’ theory of distributive justice are particularly important. What are these two features? Describe them John Rawls’ theory of justice aims to explain the ideas of how society should be structured, what the duties of individuals are, and which advantages in the economic and social sphere people may have. One of the features that are significant in the theory of distributive justice is equal rights, this is why every person should have the same rights to achieve positive results in any sphere of life. Another feature that plays an important role is the idea of social and economic inequalities. These inequalities are inherent to individuals in order to benefit one of them and make another achieve the same position. What is the MAXIMUM rule for making decisions? The maximum rule for making decisions tells that a person has to find out an alternative according to which the worst things happening to this person turn out to be better that the worst things happening with the same person under some other alternative. So, it is necessary to “maximize the minimum that you will receive.” (Shaw, 229) What is the role of the “veil ignorance” in Rawls’ theory of distributive justice? The “veil of ignorance” is a method, offered by Rawls, in order to clear up which social customs may be just and unjust. The key of this method is that any rule may be just only in case if everyone can agree to it, taking into consideration their ignorance to their positions in society. So, race, gender, parentage, and wealth should be put aside in order to create just society. Such omission of crucially important issues plays a significant role in the theory of distributive justice. According to Shaw and Barry, deciding what sort of economic arrangements would best promote human happiness requires the utilitarian to consider many things. What are the five considerations mentioned Shaw and Barry? According to Shaw and Barry, the utilitarian should consider several things in order to promote human happiness: 1. economic ownership; 2. proper organization of production and distribution; 3. the nature of social security and other significant provisions; 4. a kind of arrangement between authority and products; 5. incentives, their range, material, and character. Works Cited Johnson, R. N. Nozick. 2009. Web. Shaw, William. Contemporary Ethics: Taking Account of Utilitarianism. Wiley-Blackwell, 1999. Shaw, William, H. and Barry, Vincent. Moral Issues in Business. Wadsworth Publishing, 2006. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Moving from recording to completing tasks 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction The do-talk-record (DTR) approach was developed to engage learners in collaborative practices while working in mathematics classrooms. According to it, students accomplish a task, discuss it with one another, and then make records. This approach is targeted at learners mainly so that the educator does not have much influence on the process ( Do–talk–record triad 2017). Thus, the teacher must consider the possibility of facing some communicational issues. Moving from recording to completing tasks The teacher may be too focused on the sequence of events that should be maintained when using the DTR framework so that the interaction can be limited only to it. As a result, classroom communication will be rather boring. Losing interest, students will not be willing to continue working hard. To avoid this situation, the teacher should resort to some creative tasks and remember that it is not critical to follow all steps in a particular order. All interactions and tasks are different, so there will be an opportunity to implement changes and move from recording back to doing, for instance. Personality differences should be taken into consideration ( Barriers to communication in the classroom 2015). Some students may be introverts for whom discussing something with others is not an easy task. Even knowing what to say, they may be unwilling to take the initiative and start a conversation. Thus, the teacher should try to gather students in groups so that they are balanced and no one is suppressed. Communication may be ineffective if the educator streamlines interaction. Not all students can discuss their work while doing it or as soon as it is done. As a result, they may be confused and fail to grasp the information. So teachers need to allow their students to think and reflect on results at least for several minutes. Even though the DTR approach is focused on students, the teacher is the one who gives instructions and controls the whole educational process. Taking into consideration the fact that he/she needs to work with 11-years-old children, the teacher should make sure that he/she is easy to listen to and understand. It is significant to avoid complicated phrases and words that are not vital for a class and to structure the speech decently (Dayo 2016). DTR presupposes the necessity for both the teacher and students to consider and discuss even wrong answers ( Enactive–Iconic–Symbolic and related frameworks for teaching 2017). Still, they may be willing to omit them with no reasoning. In this way, the expected feedback from the receiver will not be obtained, which can make some students unwilling to work further. The teacher should make sure that peers provide comments. He/she should attract student’s attention and instruct them to give some feedback if no reaction follows. Conclusion Finally, communication can be negatively affected by biases (Williams 2011). Students and even the teacher maybe not willing to listen to one of the educators because of some personal prejudices. Thus, it is critical to think of possible biases to identify them and try to avoid them. Instructions can be used to make other students similarly communicate with one another. In addition to that, the teacher can develop a task, in which a student can show his/her abilities and become equally treated. In this way, the professional has an opportunity to define whether a student’s inability to accomplish a task was triggered by communicational problems or the lack of knowledge. What is more, based on this information, the teacher can successfully find out what should be done to overcome the observed issues. Reference List Barriers to communication in the classroom 2015, Web. Dayo, I 2016, The common barriers to effective classroom interaction , Web. Do–talk–record triad 2017, Web. Enactive–Iconic–Symbolic and related frameworks for teaching 2017, Web. Williams, M 2011, 7 ways to overcome barriers to communication , Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Area of Interest in Nursing Practice Essay Interacting with patients is simultaneously an advantage and a challenge for nursing practitioners because the outcomes are difficult to predict. Indeed, problems with certain populations might occur in NPs practice if the beneficiaries of an organization have specific needs or socio-economic statuses (Curley, 2020). For instance, groups with low-income levels and difficulties affording primary health care require a unique communicational approach. The PICOT statement related to the issue in NPs practice involving specific beneficiaries can be connected to their tendency to skip the appointments. The question is: “In impoverished patients, what is the efficiency of treatment if they refuse to attend follow-ups, compared with ones who had a timely return visit?” This paper aims to describe the selected NPs practice issue, provide a literature review and recommend a specific change to influence the problem. Patients skip appointments for multiple reasons, and practitioners can impact their decision-making to improve the situation. Furthermore, the practice problem is severe because missed follow-ups worsen the effectiveness of treatment, making additional financial burdens if the clients’ conditions worsen (Arpey et al., 2017). NPs must identify why the impoverished beneficiaries refuse to re-attend their physicians, retrieve the aspects they can influence, develop and implement solutions in their interaction with patients. Conducting research and literature review is a workable strategy to gather sufficient evidence necessary for decision-making. Modern scholarly articles reveal that the reasons for the impoverished populations to skip the follow-up appointment are specific and address their financial abilities and life priorities. The lack of attendance occurs due to clients’ forgetfulness, language barrier, insufficient funds for transformation, lack of education, and understanding of follow-ups’ importance are the main reasons for skipping a visit (Arpey et al., 2017). Research conducted in 2018 emphasized the urgency of the practice issue as the results revealed that the average rate of missed return visits is 23%, and it is damaging the healthcare industry’s performance (Dantas et al., 2018). NPs can use these statistics as an argument to encourage their colleagues to implement the change and influence the problematic situation. The scope of literature about the selected issue also suggests that NPs can update their communicational approaches and visit protocols and include the relevant patient education. Shrestha et al. (2017) state that “missed clinic appointments reduce clinic efficiency, waste resources, and increase costs; limited data exist on subspecialty clinic attendance” (p. 436). Practitioners can motivate the clients by explaining the outcomes of skipping visits, the treatment price if the worsening conditions were not timely addressed, and improving organizational strategies such as phone reminders. A change in the impoverished patients’ perception of follow-up appointments is complicated and includes multiple aspects that require revision. My recommendation for NPs willing to influence the problem is to adjust their communication with the selected beneficiaries and enable physicians and administrators to participate. The concept of population-based problem solving must address specific characteristics, and for the impoverished clients, the costs of transportation, insurance, and priority setting are to be considered (Curley, 2020). I would also emphasize that NPs must clearly explain the consequences of missing a follow-up. Besides, clinical office managers’ activities must include reminders for patients with severe or chronic conditions to avoid forgetting about their visit. Nursing practice issues can relate to specific populations and require unique evidence-based solutions. The literature review suggested that unstable financial situation, lack of education, and understanding of follow-ups’ importance cause skipping a visit. NPs can change the current situation by adjusting their communication, improving patient education, and encouraging managers and physicians to participate. Dealing with the selected practice issue is beneficial for organizations with an impoverished population. References Arpey, N. C., Gaglioti, A. H., & Rosenbaum, M. E. (2017). How socio-economic status affects patient perceptions of health care: a qualitative study. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 8 (3), 169-175. Web. Curley, L. A. (2020). Population-based nursing: Concepts and competencies for advanced practice (3 rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company. Dantas, L. F., Fleck, J. L., Oliveira, F. L. C., & Hamacher, S. (2018). No-shows in appointment scheduling–a systematic literature review. Health Policy, 122 (4), 412-421. Web. Shrestha, M. P., Hu, C., & Taleban, S. (2017). Appointment wait time, primary care provider status, and patient demographics are associated with nonattendance at outpatient gastroenterology clinic. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 51 (5), 433-438. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Zoos for Conservation of Endangered Species Essay The last several decades could be characterized by the increased number of environmental problems that resulted in the alteration of climate and landscapes. These processes also had a great pernicious impact on animals living in different areas. For this reason, zoos became almost the only hope for the preservation and conservation of endangered species. If to compare with the past century, their role has altered greatly. In the 50s, zoos used to be fun centers where animals were kept just for entertainment. However, at the moment, they could be considered important scientific and research centers that investigate the current situation related to species and create conditions needed for their survival and further preservation. Moreover, zoos also perform a great educating role by providing important information about endangered species to people and teaching them how to save animals. Therefore, they are also important conservation centers as a significant number of animals could be found only here. Nevertheless, even though zoos are crucial for the modern world, they also face some challenges that might impact the final result and make their conservation efforts less efficient. For instance, the preservation of endangered species is rather costly, and not all zoos could afford it. There is a great need for space, specific conditions, investigations, care, etc. (Keulartz, 2015). The combination of all these aspects contributes to the increased complexity of the main task and zoos might experience economic pressure from the government or sponsors. However, it is crucial to remember that their functioning is vital in the modern environment and there should be no limits related to their development (Kobilinsky, 2016). If we want to see some species, we should sponsor zoos. Therefore, we have already stated that zoos are responsible for the preservation of animals included in the Endangered Species List. Certain criteria are used when considering the character of a certain animal, population size, peculiarities of the area, etc. Besides, the first thing that is taken into account is the number of animal units and the tendencies that are observed at the moment. Therefore, scientists also consider the way they might impact endangered species. This process is extremely important as it helps people to preserve some kinds of animals and guarantee their survival. For instance, in the Reid Park Zoo in Arizona, we can watch elephants. The given chart demonstrates their main activities and distribution of time. We could see that elephants are not very active, but they still have some social life (“ Zoo cams ,” n.d.). They also like bathing, playing, and, of course, eating. Altogether, I should say that my attitude to elephants has not changed. I am sure that they are wonderful animals that should be protected by all means. Unfortunately, people are killing them for their tooth. It is a horrible practice, and it should be stopped for our children to be able to enjoy these animals. Elephants However, I used to see these animals before. That is why my feelings were not unique. Therefore, I believe that for those who have never seen elephants it could be a great experience and have a great impact on their feelings towards wildlife and conservation. They will be able to understand that a great threat exists at the moment and all efforts should be devoted to the attempts to save them. References Keulartz, J. (2015). Captivity for conservation? Zoos at a crossroads . Web. Kobilinsky, D. (2016). New live cam technology might help conservation . Web. Zoo cams . (n.d.). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
GDP Growth and Government Expenditure on Health Essay The U.S. outperforms Canada in terms of real GDP growth and government expenditure on health (OECD, 2020a). Regarding ICT, Canada has a higher proportion of households with access to computers (OECD, 2020a; OECD, 2020b). Canada has a higher life expectancy at birth and a lower prevalence of obesity (OECD, 2020a; OECD, 2020b). Considering that the U.S. is recognized as the largest economy, the information covering access to IT is actually surprising. It is doubtful that the statistics will be similar in ten years since the U.S. has been unstable in terms of GDP growth, and the long-term consequences of current protests are difficult to predict. Allowing some people to purchase additional insurance is an acceptable approach to care organization, but its potential effects on care quality are still to be studied. Some pros of this initiative include the opportunity to deliver services to more patients and make private healthcare an option for those who can afford it (Qian & Zhuang, 2017). Regarding the disadvantages, private insurance does not necessarily guarantee better care quality. In the discussed countries, equity and fairness refer to the ability to make high-quality care available to all ethnic and demographic groups. These principles are considered important since they reduce the opportunity to discriminate against patients with certain characteristics. The types of barriers to healthcare include: * Financial (inability to fund one’s prescriptions); * Cultural (language barriers, religious beliefs about blood transfusions/abortions); * Provider scarcity (current trend – shortage of physicians) (Kirch & Petelle, 2017); * Barriers to access healthcare and healthcare resources (lack of diagnostic equipment and poor oral health outcomes in rural areas) (Boynes et al., 2018). I agree with the statement regarding government-funded healthcare and capitalist economy and values. Government-funded healthcare creates more opportunities for the most disadvantaged groups instead of severely limiting others’ freedom. References Boynes, S. G., Heyward, C. C., Kenney, C., Lauer-Kelly, A., Nelson, J., Ohrenberger, K., Veschusio, C., Diep, V, & Martin, A. B. (2018). Narrowing the rural oral healthcare gap: The 2017 rural interprofessional oral health practice symposium. BMC Oral Health, 18 , 1-7. Web. Kirch, D. G., & Petelle, K. (2017). Addressing the physician shortage: The peril of ignoring demography . JAMA, 317 (19), 1947-1948. Web. OECD. (2020a). Country statistical profile: Canada 2020/1 . Web. OECD. (2020b). Country statistical profile: United States 2020/1. Web. Qian, Q., & Zhuang, W. (2017). Tax/subsidy and capacity decisions in a two-tier health system with welfare redistributive objective. European Journal of Operational Research, 260 (1), 140-151. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Staff & Family Relationship and Communication Essay Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Families welcome to the program 3. Information on daily happenings 4. Structure and content of parent conference 5. Monthly communications 6. References Background The school administration committees are always concerned with staff, as well as other entities thus guaranteeing performance enhancement among students. An apt relationship between staff and families is essential in the accomplishment of school programs. The school authorities should, therefore, design devices and approaches that families can utilize to foster meaningful relationships and communication. The initial step is developing a resolute association involving school workforce and families to ensure that they share common interests. Linking family units in school programs is never enough unless the personnel make the first move to fabricate unquestioning affiliation with them. There is no sole method ratified for nurturing a suitable communication and bond among teaches and families in an effort to improve students’ performance, but it involves instance and suppleness (Dietz, 2005). Families welcome to the program A reception process full of vigor should be employed whilst building employee/family rapport and contact. A warm welcome involving warm wishes coupled with posting symbols in the families’ indigenous languages will make them feel part of the school society. An assisting authority, fluent in the native language should act like an interpreter. Orientation episode should provide the families with a resource center because this will improve the intensity of reception. Transect walking around the school while indicating recent developments will make the families’ day enticing. Parents, guardians and other relatives will feel privileged when they split edifying and linguistic origins with some school team. The relationship should be initiated on an affirmative note thus highlighting school accomplishments. Trust levels should be augmented by propagating communication between the two parties. The management should show that they care and should exude respect to all the attending families. This is achieved through treating each attendant as a personage without any mistaken belief consequently addressing their interests. It is crucial to indicate that the school should uphold professionalism thus enhancing self-assurance among the staff. Information on daily happenings Information sharing amid families and staff is crucial in the daily updates of occurrences in the school; furthermore, there are several ways of attaining this concept (Christernson, & Reschly, 2009). The family fraternity should be invited at the start of the term; in the occasion, welcome compliments are issued. Secondly, it is necessary to provide information about the staff learning practices and hold a commencement school reunion. Thirdly, constant daily communication with parents about the performance of their children is significant in incorporating the family in school activities. It is crucial that a weekly newspaper is sent to the family outlining the impending events in class, as well as school. The broadsheet should be translated into a language understood by the parent if they do not comprehend English. Sporadic home stopovers are also encouraged where the school meets the families in their usual settings. This ultimately encourages the parents since they feel obliged. Finally, creation of a family handbook and reaching the families by phone helps in relaying regular information (Dietz, 2005). Structure and content of parent conference Parent conference is significant in the construction and upholding solidarity in school activities. It is crucial to ensure that all parents are in attendance by asking them one month prior thus establishing when the largest number may attend the conference. Furthermore, it is crucial to give them a three week notice after setting the date. Preparation of student reports while listing all the strong points and limitations of every student will contribute to the success of the process. This is in addition to, producing folders containing school newsletter and other necessary information for each attendant prior to the conference day (Dietz, 2005). The conference should have a pleasurable locale like seats and cookies so that parents feel comfortable. The program must also adhere to the time schedule and any parent with concerns should be given appointments after the meeting. The conference discussions should use sandwich routine, which outlines the potencies at both the launch and last part of the convention. There should be a sketch out to steer the discussion, but parents should be permitted to ask questions and contribute during discussions. High levels of professionalism and proactive communication should be maintained throughout the meeting. The structure should contain a follow up record and a means of channeling the outcomes to the parents. Monthly communications It is not forgotten that monthly communications can be made either during conferences, but one of the best ways is to publish a monthly newspaper outlining the previous months’ accomplishments. Such media can also contain the planned activities ahead of the month. Parents and teachers can hold a short monthly meeting at the school to pass any available information; consequently, students can be given monthly handbooks to deliver to their parents (Christernson, & Reschly, 2009). References Christernson, S. & Reschly, A. (2009). Handbook of School-Family Partnerships . New York: Tylor & Francis. Dietz, M. (2005). School, Family, and Community: Techniques and Models for Successful Collaboration . Mississauga: Jones & Bartlett Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Alcohol and Substance Abuse Essay Introduction There has been “no definitive treatment strategy for alcohol-related intervention with homeless individuals” (Orwin, Garrison-Mogren, Jacobs, and Sonnefeld, 1999). Some of the most successful interventions or programs to help homeless individuals with alcohol and substance abuse include the following: * Providing both mental health and substance abuse services * Enabling ease of gaining access to helpful programs and controlling transitions * Ensuring intensive case management * Encouraging recreational programs * Providing shelter and transitional housing at the end of treatment * Retaining homeless persons in treatment programs Some of the treatment modalities include the following. Motivational interviewing This program aims to help alcohol and substance users by moving them from the stages of “pre-contemplation to contemplation, and then to determination, action, and maintenance” (NIAAA, 2005). The idea is to motivate such individuals to change. Outreach This is the initial stage of contacting homeless persons. NIAAA notes that this program requires constant contact with homeless persons under care (NIAAA, 2005). Intensive case management This program aims to reduce consumption of alcohol and other substances, enhance residential stability of the client, and improve economic or employment status of the homeless individual with alcohol and substance abuse problems. Transitional and supportive housing Care providers bring interventions to individuals in transitional or supportive housing. Stabilization Programs or Therapeutic Communities This aims at creating a safe and substance-free environment for homeless persons in emergency centers. Therapeutic community approach relies on other homeless individuals under recovery programs to provide support networks to other members. Goals The primary goals of these programs are to help homeless individuals seek and gain access to alcohol and substance abuse interventions for long-term benefits. As a result, the focus has been on the following areas. * Understanding the extent of addiction and concentrate on intervention and treatment programs * Understanding various treatments and interventions available that can reduce alcohol and substance dependency * Understanding care providers, appropriate interventions and treatments for various addicts * Creating substance-free environments by providing shelter, transitional housing, support services, and enhancing employment status * Educating homeless individuals on the danger of alcohol and substance abuse Outcomes Outcomes of these programs depend on multiple factors. Outreach program requires constant contact with homeless individuals. A study showed that only three cases were successful from 24 participants (NIAAA, 2005). Survey results show that intensive case management works well when all required services are available. Most homeless individuals also experience challenges when making transitions from shelters to apartments. Therefore, such persons need constant support until they become stable. Resources These treatment programs and interventions require considerable amounts of resources. For instance, under outreach program, the care provider must spend a lot of time with clients before a meaningful relationship can develop. Motivational interviewing requires care providers to seek addicts in their locations. Intensive case management needs resources for treating addiction, enhancing residual stability, and employment status of the client. Transitional or supportive housing requires apartments for clients. An overall goal in improving the homeless population health with Alcohol and substance abuse To enhance health, housing conditions, and provision of healthcare to homeless individuals with alcohol and substance abuse problems Specific objectives * To engage in active health promotion within six months in order to reduce cases of risk behaviors among homeless individuals with alcohol and substance abuse issues * To provide transitional housing six homeless individuals with both mental and substance abuse issues upon discharge from treatment or interventions within six months * To provide a continuous and coordinated treatment programs for homeless individuals with both mental and substance abuse problems References NIAAA. (2005). Alcohol Use Disorders in Homeless Populations . Web. Orwin, R. G., Garrison-Mogren, R., Jacobs, M.L., & Sonnefeld, L.J. (1999). Retention of homeless clients in substance abuse treatment: Findings from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Cooperative Agreement Program. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 17 , 45-66. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Blanche Dubois’ Costume in “A Streetcar Named Desire” Essay (Article) The sleeveless multi-layered dance/party dress, even in summer cotton, is impractical for travel, but probably wowed the soldiers. The easter-egg colors, sweetheart neckline, long fluttery peekaboo overlay hemline, and dropped basque waist all distract from aging neck and legs and highlight her childless waistline. The contrast-lined bolero jacket and coordinating gloves signal “ladylike”, as do pearls. The entirely unwalkable shoes suggest helplessness. The dressmaker-crafted multi-yard outfit bespeaks a privileged past, but its inappropriateness suggests that such outfits are all that remain. This is reinforced by the fact that she sometimes draws on stocking lines to save on real, rationed nylons. This is the shape of dress: a sleeveless sweetheart neckline, ruched bodice, with dropped basque waist and long multi-gored, multi-layered skirt falling from the hips, with translucent overlay. The color is a girlish pink, the fabric is cotton with cotton organdie overlay. The whole thing rustles just a bit when in motion. It contains tens of yards of fabric, which would have been very difficult and expensive to obtain in the Depression or during wartime, or even post-war, rationing. This is roughly the shape of the cotton bolero jacket cover-up, but with much shorter sleeves for the summer heat. The shell is pink, the lining is spring green and shows at the turn of the color and the wrist cuff. Three-quarter length gloves in coordinating spring green conceal aging hands and look demure. The color suggests that the outfit was purchased together back before the plantation was lost through ineffective management. Cripplingly useless for walking, such peep-toe ankle-strapped platform shoes can be worn with or without stockings for dancing. They should be cream or bone, combine leather and fabric, with bows, and be covered with fake New Orleans mud when she arrives. They were probably quite fetching when worn with the military men with whom Blanche spent so much time. The backs of her legs will have lines drawn on them to look like these stockings. Stockings were one of many things rationed during and immediately after the war. While she can pull dresses out of her trunk for months, stockings are consumable and thus she is forced to make do after the money and the house is gone. A summary, lighter-colored version of this type of purse would be just about right for Blanche – no shoulder strap and made with a Bakelite handle to reflect the times. It is, like her shoes, completely inappropriate for the long trip in the hot summer with cumbersome luggage. In contrast, this practical, sleek outfit would be appropriate for Stella for going out in the daytime. The purse, shoes, and gloves are too high contrast, however, and would be better in cream. The shoes are strapped to keep them securely on the foot, the hemline is a thrifty length, and the color and fabric are appropriate for daytime and errands. Bibliography Etsy.com. (2011). 1940s purse with Bakelite handle . Web. hydroponicsonline.com. (2011). 1940s open toe pumps platform shoes. Web. Simplicity. (2011). Short bolero jacket . Web. Sodahead. (2011). 1940s dress. Web. wardrobecostume.co.uk. (2011). 1940s stockings. Web. woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk. (2011). War images. Web. zoovy.com. (2011). Three quarter length gloves. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Balance vs. Imbalance of Power International Relations Essay The balance of power in international relations is the distribution of world influence between power units, which usually means countries in the context of geopolitics. Imbalance, in turn, implies the dominance of a single country or a bloc of allied states. Maintaining balance is an essential aspect of foreign policy, which, however, should not be associated with peace or war. Promoting the balance of power as a basic strategy of interaction among states is not a guarantee of friendly relations, and historical examples of the 20th century confirm this. Similarly, imbalance does not mean that a situation is fraught with an inevitable armed conflict. Although the balance of power is considered the basis of international order and security, relations among countries do not always depend on this indicator and can be both peaceful and hostile. Balance of Power: Major Features Since the balance of power implies equilibrium among countries, it is customary to believe that this nature of relationships means peaceful interaction. Nevertheless, the example of the Cold War between the USSR and the USA in the second half of the 20th century proves that, despite the absence of an open armed conflict, both superpowers were in a state of intense confrontation. The desire for world domination and the establishment of a unipolar world was manifested in the absence of mutual understanding and partnership, although from the standpoint of diplomatic relations, no norms were violated. This example confirms that if two or more countries adhere to a strategy of maintaining the balance of power, their interaction can be hostile and subsequently develop into an aggressive form of relationship. In case the balance of power is promoted as a strategy for maintaining peace, which is the background for the formation of such a geopolitical principle, a tension between states can persist. The difference from the aggressive tactics of relationships is the separation of regions of dominance when the world turns into a bipolar, tripolar, and even a more complex platform on which the roles are distributed. For instance, if individual large states determine the principles of influence in specific regions, this does not exclude their hostility towards one another. Thus, although initially, the balance of power is a strategy for maintaining peace among sovereign states, the forms of relationships may be characterized by hostility. Imbalance of Power: Alternative Perspectives The imbalance of power implies the lack of equilibrium in favor of a specific state with an obvious dominant advantage. Today, such a geopolitical strategy is less common than several centuries ago, when major powers controlled large territories. However, on the example of economic processes, one can notice how leadership is formed. East Asia is a region in which rivalry between China and Japan is traditional. However, over the past years, the balance of power has shifted towards the PRC due to its economic growth and interaction with major powers, including Russia. Therefore, in its region, the Chinese economic monopoly and, therefore, the dominant role is obvious. At the same time, such an imbalance does not imply an open conflict or hostility. With sufficient potential, China adheres to its current development strategy and does not plan to engage in war or prove its strength. Previously, when armed conflicts were a priority in shaping statehood, coercive measures were a key way to prove superiority. However, today, in an era of democratic society, such practices are unacceptable. Thus, the imbalance of forces has alternative manifestations, and today, it is associated rather with dominance than aggression. Conclusion The balance of power is a term used in international relations to indicate the presence or absence of equilibrium among individual countries. Even with an officially maintained balance, states may seek dominance through aggression, and the example of the Cold War proves this. The imbalance of forces does not have to lead to war and can maintain the existing dominance of one state over others in peaceful conditions. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Feminist Impact of “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin Essay (Book Review) The Story of an Hour was written in 1894 by a controversial and outstanding author Kate Chopin. She faced criticism for her ground-breaking stories that showed the unpleasant truths of how unjust the world could be. The writer was constrained by traditional feminine roles until she was widowed at the age of 32 and had to take care of 6 children. Her biography slightly resembles the story of Louise Mallard, who was also processing the alleged death of a husband. In Chopin’s work, Mrs. Mallard had to realize her life was going to change drastically. Furthermore, the story focuses on this exact reflection on the chance of living freely with no authorities or weighing responsibilities. Undoubtedly, this literary piece significantly influenced the early feminist discourse in the beginning of the nineteenth century. To begin with, in The Story of an Hour, the protagonist Mrs. Mallard understands all the advantages of her unexpectedly free life while dealing with the grief. Even though Mr. Mallard “had never looked save with love upon her,” she still felt rather repressed and manipulated in their household (Chopin, 1981, p. 2). During the late nineteenth century, women were the furthest from autonomous – they could not own property, vote, or make independent decisions. Therefore, the author does not show an ungrateful or unloving wife. Chopin simply demonstrates the struggles wives had to go through to be a good partner under patriarchy. Moreover, in her story, people thought Louise Mallard died out of joy of seeing her husband alive, which makes the end ironic. The reality behind the protagonist’s death is that she could not handle the thought of continuing living her life in constant oppression by the patriarch. To sum up, Kate Chopin’s literary piece definitely helped the feminist movement to make women less oppressed and abused by sexist gender stereotypes. The Story of an Hour shed light on the major problems of a patriarchal family. The writer had to face judgment because her progressive ideas were way ahead of time; therefore, she was considered a forerunner to the feminist writing of the twentieth century. Reference Chopin, K. (1981). The story of an hour . Jimcin Recordings. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Respiratory Therapist Responsibilities Annotated Bibliography Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Roles of respiratory therapist 3. Work environment 4. Conclusion 5. Bibliography Introduction Respiratory therapists are care practitioners who offer treatment, access, monitors as well as manage patients with problems in breathing. The role of a respiratory therapist include providing oxygen support, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, overseeing of the functioning of mechanical ventilators, medication of drugs for the lungs as well as ratting the functioning of the lungs. They attend to a wide rage of patients such premature infants partially developed lungs to adults with lung disease. (Alphonso, 2003). Roles of respiratory therapist Respiratory therapists manage patients and support equipment on a regular basis to find out if they have difficulties. They diagnose any abnormality regarding the level of oxygen and carbon (IV) oxide as well as the blood’s PH. They adjust the settings of the ventilators as ordered by physicians and access all the equipment to find out if they have developed a mechanical problem. They also carry out chest physiotherapy in order to remove mucus in the lungs thus improving the breathing. This is applied mostly during surgery to make the patient fully recover his/her breathing mechanism fully after the administration of anesthesia which depresses the normal breathing. After surgery, the patients are prescribed with physiotherapy to help the lungs resume their functions fully and ease congestion. Therapists providing home care train the patients on using ventilators and other equipment for life support and pay them regular visit to inspect as well as service the equipment. They also access the environment at home and provide the required knowledge to the patients regarding their diseases. They also offer emergency help at home incase a problem arise. (Alphonso, 2003). Work environment Because most hospitals work 24hrs a week respiratory therapists work on shifts generally for about 40hrs. Most of the time they work while standing and make frequent walks from one patient’s room to another and during emergency cases they have to bear with the stressful situation. Frequent travels have to be made by therapist providing homecare to give follow-up treatment and care for their patients. They are trained to handle gases under high pressure to avoid risks during maintenance and regular tests of the equipment. They also require careful adherence of procedure so as to minimize the risk of infectious diseases, which they are always exposed to. The minimum requirement for a student pursuing this course is an associate degree but for advancement on the course one requires a master’s degree. Respiratory therapists must have a license before being allowed to operate. The main areas of study in the therapy are chemistry, human anatomy, microbiology and mathematics, procedures to diagnose, equipments, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and application of guidelines in clinical practice. A respiratory therapist require to be sensitive to physical as well as physiological requirements and all the details must be properly attended with a lot of teamwork. Proficiency in computers is also very necessary for any respiratory therapist handling advanced equipment. In 2006; the average annual salary for a median respiratory therapist was $ 47,400 while that of the lowest paid therapist was $35,000 and the highest earned $64,000. (Cynthia, 2002). Conclusion Future prospects for respiratory therapy are positive because of the rapid growth in employment of therapists. The job opportunities are good especially for therapists providing cardiopulmonary care as well as those with experience in attending infants. By 2016, the growth rate of employment in this field is expected to be at 19% in all the occupation in this field. (Cynthia, 2002) Bibliography Alphonso B. (2003): Recruitment in allied health: Journal of allied health. Cynthia A. (2002): Linking minority with health professions training: Educational Gerontology. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Benzene exposure 2. The Toxic-Tobacco Law Brochure 3. Scenarios of Bribery/Gift Giving 4. References Benzene exposure Benzene is a toxic substance if consumed above the recommended minimum levels. The company understands all the regulations that are intended to keep the environment clean and non-toxic to human beings and other animals. The decision by the company to release benzene into the local water resources used for domestic purposes is a real issue of concern. Professionally, the company will not break any laws by releasing the toxins into water resources. The concentration of the toxic substances will be far much below the recommended levels. This implies that if the toxins are released into water, no harmful effects are anticipated (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins, 2009). Apart from releasing wastes into water, measures will be put in place that will ensure that the concentration of the toxin in water is significantly reduced to lower levels. If the company will implement this measure, then it will demonstrate its concern of ensuring that drinking water is not harmful to both human beings and animals (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins, 2009). However, as much as the company knows that the current toxic concentrations are harmless, the underlying policy is to supply people with water that is non-toxic. The inclusion of benzene in water (even with mild concentration level) will still register some percentage toxicity. If the company plans to put up the machinery that can help to detoxify water, why should it then add the toxic benzene to water? Hence, the company should avoid using benzene. Alternatively, the company ought to put up better and harmless measures that can be used to control toxic substances in water. Benzene is a very reactive organic compound. Its ability to interact with other organic compounds in water is also quite high. There is a possibility of the multiplication of toxins from benzene once the affected water samples are drank. However, this scenario can be avoided. It is ethical to avoid a problem rather than creating a solution to the problem (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins, 2009). The process of solving this challenge might result in the eventual use of more resources by the company. The second option directly affects the town’s residents and yet they are not involved in any way in the production of the toxins. The best solution that can be adopted is to explore other ways of disposing toxins since the negative effects associated with this action outweigh the positive effects. It is ethically wrong for a company to use regulation loopholes to harm human life in an attempt to minimize operating expenses. The Toxic-Tobacco Law Brochure This is a proposed law that has some ethical dilemmas. The law is proposing the complete legalization, production, sale and marketing of cigarette products (Toxic-tobacco law, 2012). Currently, many countries have put up measures that regulate greenhouse gas emission. These laws target carbon emissions from automobiles and chemical industries. No country has ever targeted emissions from tobacco product. If this law comes into force, then the emission of carbon from cigarette smoking will greatly reduce. It was unethical to target an individual emitting carbon from his or her car while leaving behind another culprit emitting carbon by cigarette smoking (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins, 2009). The latter is necessity in an attempt to eradicate the dilemma besides dealing with the various health implications that accompany smoking. Scenarios of Bribery/Gift Giving The first case scenario is a gift. The sales representative is using gifts to market products of the company. The company’s name on the mug is only meant for advertisement purposes. If the price of the gift is high, then some suspicion may arise. However, if the conditions are still the same, then it qualifies to be a gift. The absence of company name on the mug may now be seen as a bribe because once the ownership of the mug has been transferred; there is no link between the mug and the company. The issue of lunch is a normal practice in society. It is a normal gift since it is a form of compensation for the lunch duration taken by other activities. The sales representative has developed a friendship with the customer. It is rather difficult for the representative to be seen bribing the customer. A case scenario whereby the company wishes to sponsor a customer to a seminar is a normal advertisement act. It cannot be viewed as bribery. The above cases can still qualify to be bribery if the person offering the item or the service does not observe the company’s policy (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins, 2009). If the terms and conditions of the organization are fully observed, then the intention of gifts should be analyzed in order to determine the ethical nature of the procedure or intention. This may sometimes be complicated. Other case scenarios are described in the following paragraphs. A sales representative agrees to sell company’s products to a client from at subsidized prices provided that the client agrees to stick with the company for one year. In addition, a company may offer a client a free air ticket to any destination across the world provided that the latter accepts to sign a supply contract for the company’s products. However, the aforementioned cases are complex. They appear to be both bribes and gifts. The evaluation of a company’s policy is also crucial in assessingg whether the cases qualify to be bribes or gifts. References Harris, C. E., Pritchard, M. S., Rabins, M. J. (2009). Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases . Stamford, Connecticut: Cengage Learning. Toxic-tobacco law (2012) . America’s Respoce to the Predators . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Supporting the Women Undergoing Abortion Presentation Introduction * One in every five pregnancies in the world results in abortions. * Rates of abortion differ from one area to another due to the differences in the existing laws that relate to abortion. * UK is currently considering legalizing abortion. * The main aim of the paper is to study the perceptions of nurses attending to abortion patients. Literature review * In 2003, approximately forty-two million women voluntarily aborted. This was out of the 205 million women around the world. * About 50% of those who aborted did this through illegal and unsafe means. * Unsafe abortions-mostly practiced in the developing countries-were classified as the major contribution to the death of many mothers. * Ninety two % of the cases in the developed countries follow the legal procedure and therefore, are safe. * Most of the developed countries permit abortion if it is meant to save the woman’s life. In 31 countries, however, abortion is conducted upon request (Huntington, 2002). * Abortion is common in many countries but little is known about the attitudes and perceptions of the nurses giving this care. * Abortion Act of UK provides for the legal period within which abortion could be requested and accepted. This should be within 24 weeks after conception. * Campaigners argued against abortion stating that the fetus was an unborn baby and had every right to live. * Pro-choice campaigners thought otherwise. They believed that the mother could choose abortion since the fetus did not have rights before birth (Griffith & Tengnah, 2007). * Recent research suggests that midwives performing abortion (13 weeks gestation period) need to manage stress (Lipp, 2008). Methodology * The study followed an exploratory qualitative design. * Three abortion clinics in the United Kingdom were selected for the study. * Participants had to go through surgical or induced abortions (or both). * Interviews (lasting between 30-45 minutes) were conducted on the potential participants using the semi-structured technique. * Nine nurses volunteered for the exercise. * Attitudes towards abortion were assessed as the 24-week limit drew close. * Eight participants were audio-recorded while the other preferred to hand-write. Conclusion * The results took two directions: Nurses’ attitudes towards abortion and those coping with abortion. * Their awareness to the social ills of abortion led some to believe that they were doing the wrong thing. They hesitated to disclose their profession as nurses when with peers. * They felt that the patients had misconceptions about their attitudes toward the nurses since they felt like they would be judged for terminating the pregnancy. * Participants displayed evidence of coping with abortion since they defended themselves and said that it was the decision of the client and not the nurse’s. * The nurses, however, did not encourage or support late gestation abortion. Implications * The participants supported the idea that women should be the ones to decide whether to terminate a pregnancy or not. * One way in which nurses avoided stress or coped with their profession was by using the term fetus rather than baby. This helped them cope emotionally (McQueen, 1997). * They also said that the fact that they were providing their services did not mean they completely supported it. * In some situations, the nurse could avoid confrontation from a client by leaving her to be attended to by another. References Griffith, R., & Tengnah, C. (2007). Termination of pregnancy: A case for a change in the law. British Journal of Community Nursing , 12(7), 317–318. Huntington, A.D. (2002). Working with women experiencing mid-trimester termination of pregnancy: The integration of nursing and feminist knowledge in the gynecological setting. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11, 273–279. Lipp, A. (2008). Supporting the significant other in women undergoing abortion. British Journal of Nursing, 17(19), 1232–1236. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun” Essay William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130, “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun,” was chosen for the evaluative assignment due to its frankness of expression and simplicity along with its inclusion of important themes for consideration. Moreover, this sonnet is one of few poems written by Shakespeare to bear a humorous tone, another vital point of critique. Although Shakespeare wrote about the exquisite beauty of a young woman and compared her to a goddess, saying, “I grant I never saw a goddess go; my mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground,” the entire poem can be considered a parody of the stereotypical love letters that men used to write to their loved ones, as exemplified by the unexpectedly prosaic thought that ends the comparison to a goddess: “my mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground” (Shakespeare 136). In this juxtaposition of ideas, Shakespeare mocked those poets who equated women to deities, stating explicitly that his mistress had nothing in common with a goddess. Evaluating a sonnet written by such a classical writer from a humorous perspective will shed light on the true meaning of his literary work. It will also show Shakespeare’s mastery, not only in creating dramatic pieces but also in using wit and irony to talk about the theme of true love, the key literary characteristic chosen for the analysis. Another example of parody when speaking about a beloved woman is the following excerpt: “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips red” (136). In contrast to many poets, Shakespeare chose a completely different route; despite stating that his mistress is not an ideal woman and that she is not infinitely beautiful, the author implied that he loved her nonetheless. In the last couplet, he suggested that she was just as “rare” as “any she belied with false compare” (136). Therefore, the woman described in the poem did not embody physical perfection in the eyes of her admirer; rather, she possessed such traits as a fascinating personality, which cannot fade with time. It is impressive to read a poem elevating the individual features of a woman such as kindness instead of her beauty, which can be considered in the same terms as a modern interpretation of true love and devotion. Undoubtedly, the poem projected a friendly and humane impression to its readers; it elicited laughter due to its genuine expression of warm feelings. When considering Shakespeare’s attempts to criticize the classical poets of his time, it is important to draw comparisons directly from the text. For example, when Shakespeare wrote, “Coral is far more red than her lips red” (136), his sentiment was in complete contrast to this passage from Watson’s Sonnet 7: “Her lips more red than any Coral stone” (qtd. in Forsyth 94). In comparing the two examples, it can be concluded that Shakespeare made fun of poets who attempted to liken the appearance of women to natural phenomena. Throughout the entire Sonnet 130, Shakespeare used every opportunity to explain to his readers that a woman should not be compared to something of elevated substance but should be valued and loved for who she is as an individual. Another point of comparison is Lord Byron’s “She walks in beauty, like the night; of cloudless climes and starry skies” (qtd. in Muldoon 27). Shakespeare, on the other hand, refused to describe the walk of his beloved lady as something ethereal: “My mistress when she walks treads on the ground” (136). It is important to mention that some readers may consider the sonnet to be offensive to the woman it describes. Indeed, Shakespeare wrote that his mistress’s hair was similar to wires, and instead of being pale and beautiful, her skin was dun, which means a dull or grayish brown. Nevertheless, she was still loved and valued by her admirer. In “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun,” the poet announced his devotion to a woman regardless of the stereotypical ideals of beauty that men of the seventeenth century commonly expressed. His love was much higher than the “heaven,” and thus, he did not want to make the same mistake that men had always made: elevating the beauty of a woman over other qualities. By using humor and satire, Shakespeare for all practical purposes attacked men who thought that women were objects of desire. His mistress was not the stereotypical ideal of beauty, to be compared with precious things such as jewels or flowers. Instead, she possessed wonderful personal values that could not be seen immediately but had to be discovered with time. Many modern readers perceive William Shakespeare as an example of a classic romantic writer who elevated the beauty of women and compared them to goddesses. However, he wanted to break the stereotype and used humor to criticize his fellow poets for their obsession with female beauty, suggesting that men should fall in love with women because the latter had interesting personalities. Thus, the key theme of Sonnet 130 was associated with Shakespeare’s desire to show that real love goes far beyond looks. Works Cited Forsyth, Mark. The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase . Icon Books, 2013. Muldoon, Paul. Lord Byron . Faber and Faber, 2007. Shakespeare, William. Shakespeare’s Sonnets . Ticknor and Fields, 1865. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Disney Princesses as Factors of Gender Stereotypes Essay (Movie Review) Table of Contents 1. Subject and Purpose 2. Ethnic diversity of girls 3. Audience 4. Tone 5. Speakers 6. Findings 7. Rhetorical Analysis 8. Works Cited Subject and Purpose It is known that the media, including films and cartoons, directly impact the viewer’s personality. Research shows that children who have been exposed to Walt Disney’s fairytale universe from an early age adopt some of the attitudes and manners that describes characters. This research focused on determining the impact of Disney Princesses on of preschool age girls in the context of the transmission of gender stereotypes (Golden and Jacoby 299). The results showed that the concept of princesses lacking leadership skills and seeking to avoid interfering with men has a severe impact on young girls’ personality. The age division of project participants: 31 preschool age girls and 30 parents. Ethnic diversity of girls Audience The likely target audience for this study is parents, women, and men who are interested in the positive gender development of their children. Nevertheless, the article informs people about the importance of developing critical thinking skills, therefore, not only parents may be interested in reading, but teachers, caregivers, and grandparents. This concludes that, although the article has a quite specific focus, it may be of interest to all categories of the population. Moreover, Disney, Inc.’s representatives can become a cohort of readers, as the study examines the effect of the company’s products. Perhaps, they could rethink the concept of princesses to give them more autonomy and confidence. The readers’ values are aimed at the harmonious development of children; such people probably predict the negative impact of princesses on the image of a girl, so they decide to study the issue through research further. On the other hand, they may be people for whom this article seems to be something completely unexpected and surprising, as they could not imagine such social effects. Tone This research has a unique feature that is usually difficult to perform in scientific articles — a combination of scientific work style with popular and accessible to an unskilled audience. This research’s scientific tone is to measure results quantitatively and qualitatively; while the literary review, coupled with a discussion of the results, is the most straightforward. This feature allows to highlight fragments from an article and place them in school textbooks, newspapers, or magazines to introduce the audience to the phenomenon of Disney Princesses. Speakers The authors of the study do not disclose their story, but the study’s focus suggests that women are interested in the psychological aspects of girls’ education. Independent search on authors allows to understand that they are American women working in the Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College. Among other scientific works, there is the only work by Jacoby devoted to early school education reforms. Findings The study showed that girls were adopting gender stereotypes about princesses and putting them into practice. Four stereotypical factors were identified: beauty, clothing, behavior, and boys. Rhetorical Analysis There are no doubts about the authenticity of the statements, because there is a logic of narration and supporting the opinions with statistical facts. First of all, the reader is invited to familiarize themselves with a small literary overview showing developments in the media’s degree of influence on the audience and especially children. Then, it is followed by a clear and concrete description of the experiment. Perhaps, this is the most attractive part of the study since the writing style evokes visual representations of the social experiment. Finally, there is a separate paragraph on the reliability of the results, eliminating elements of bias and subjectivity in the data. Quantitative metrics were statistically processed to determine the Pearson distribution: the data show a strong relationship between measurements and results. Works Cited Golden, Julia C., and Jennifer Wallace Jacoby. “Playing Princess: Preschool girls’ interpretations of gender stereotypes in Disney Princess Media.” Sex Roles , vol. 79, no. 5-6, 2018, pp. 299-313. Kukreja, Jyoti. “Cartoons Cast an Eternal Impact on Personalities: Effects of Cartoons on Children.” Handbook of Research on Children’s Consumption of Digital Media , edited by Gülşah Sarı, IGI Global, 2019, pp. 369-379. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Transforming Healthcare Through Technology Essay Telehealth is indeed an excellent solution with the potential of addressing issues such as the shortages of work staff, low accessibility of certain places of residence, and uneven distribution of medical cadres in the United States. The present technology has also proven to be invaluable during an unprecedented time that is the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the administrative challenges described in the discussion posts are not the only issues with telehealth. Indeed, the questions of reimbursement and compensation of telehealth programs are relevant. However, what should not be left out of the discussion is the insufficient evidence base for telehealth’s effectiveness. For instance, Fraiche et al. (2015) show that studies on the subject matter use different strategies, and the findings are sometimes conflicting, which makes developing a common framework challenging. Besides, there is also a psychological aspect of using telehealth technologies. As pointed out by Bull et al. (2016), mistrust is common among users, and it is often a good rapport between the patient and the provider that helps with treatment compliance. Electronic health records (EHR) indeed have the potential to revolutionize health care. The topic starter made excellent points, mentioning the speed and convenience with which data are gathered, stored, and exchanged at a medical facility that uses EHR. Safety stops are also a valuable contribution as they allow for safer medicine administration. Those are not the only benefits of using electronic health records, as recent research has focused on more medical data processing applications. For instance, Goldstein et al. (2016) an opportunity to use data for EHR-based risk prediction. Specific metrics could be selected to determine a patient’s risk for diseases, which would allow care providers to be proactive and address issues before they manifest themselves. Jin et al. (2016) mention a more specific application of health data analysis. They show the efficiency of neural networks for predicting heart failure. However, to translate it into practice, researchers and providers would have to address EHR’s sparsity and heterogeneity. References Bull, T. P., Dewar, A. R., Malvey, D. M., & Szalma, J. L. (2016). Considerations for the telehealth systems of tomorrow: An analysis of student perceptions of telehealth technologies. JMIR medical education , 2 (2), e11. Web. Fraiche, A. M., Eapen, Z. J., & McClellan, M. B. (2017). Moving beyond the walls of the clinic: opportunities and challenges to the future of telehealth in heart failure. JACC: Heart Failure , 5 (4), 297-304. Web. Goldstein, B. A., Navar, A. M., Pencina, M. J., & Ioannidis, J. (2017). Opportunities and challenges in developing risk prediction models with electronic health records data: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association , 24 (1), 198-208. Web. Jin, B., Che, C., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., Yin, X., & Wei, X. (2018). Predicting the risk of heart failure with EHR sequential data modeling. Ieee Access , 6 , 9256-9261. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Nelson Mandela’s Leadership in the “Invictus” Film Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Nelson Mandela’s Leadership 2. Nelson Mandela’s approach to change management 3. Communication and Motivation 4. Works Cited Nelson Mandela’s Leadership The film “Invictus” is a 2009 drama and biography that depicts the challenging initiative of Nelson Mandela (South African President) to unite the country with the help of sport (“Invictus” par. 1). The movie is a representation of the real-life story of the difficult situation in South Africa in 1995. Apartheid divides the country. Racial discrimination is becoming more intense between the majority of African black people and the minority of white people. The black government is predominant in the country. This hostility divides the country into two parts, and the President has to find a way to unite South Africa. Nelson Mandela comes to the conclusion that the South African rugby team that comprises of white players should win the World Cup. Nelson Mandela’s leadership approach is unique as far as it combines several features. Thus, Mandela’s leadership is a vivid example of a trait perspective. The trait perspective presupposes that leaders possess particular features of character that make them unique and competent leaders. Nelson Mandela is humble. In the film, he prefers pouring tea on his own rather than waiting for somebody else to do it. One can suggest that he is open-minded to various traditions as far as drinking tea does not belong to customs in South Africa. The President is always polite. He is well-informed. For example, he is aware of the fact that Francois has an ankle injury. Finally, he is a visionary leader who sees a united country and one nation rather than two separate parts (“Leadership at the Movies” 16). Besides, Mandela employs transformational leadership as far as he creates visions and evokes emotions of his followers. One can suggest that it is combined with empowering leadership. Mandela empowers Francois to believe in himself and lead the team towards the win. The most distinctive type of leading is leadership by example. Mandela inspires Francois to become an example for his team. The President is an example to follow for everybody else as well. Nelson Mandela’s approach to change management Change management presupposes the accomplishment of particular goals by modification of behaviors or attitudes. In the film under consideration, the change management of Mandela includes the elimination of psychologically rooted barriers between two groups of people. First, the President faces resistance to change. The resistance is caused primarily by clashing perspectives of residents of South Africa. Black and white populations are extremely hostile towards each other. The first stage of change is unfreezing (Neck, Lattimer and Houghton 108). Nelson Mandela executes this stage when he has a meeting with Francois Pienaar. The President explains his vision of the role of the rugby team in the union of the country. Mandela persuades the captain of Springboks (national rugby team) that the winning of the World Cup has a unique significance for the whole country. Thus, he shares the vision during his change management approach (“Leadership at the Movies: Invictus and 5 Leadership Practices” par. 5). The next stage of change management is the very process of changing. The black population of the country does not want to accept Springboks as the national team, but the World Cup changes perspectives. The last stage, refreezing, is presented when all South Africans, regardless of race, celebrate the win of the national team. At least for a moment, Mandela observes his long-term aim. During the change management process, Mandela employs path-goal theory. Thus, he behaves in such a way that motivate rugby team members. Mandela faces the necessity to support every player as far as the majority of residents of the state oppresses them. The President knows names of all team players and inspires them to do their best via the personal communication. Communication and Motivation In the film under evaluation, communication and motivation are of great significance for the successful accomplishment of results. Nelson Mandela finds both communication and motivation to be efficient ways of gaining understanding and support. Communication and motivation are inseparable from each other. Motivation can be achieved only with the help of communication. Thus, communication is the act of sharing thoughts and information via different channels while motivation is the desire to accomplish the particular task. Chanel richness is an important component when it comes to the need to render as much information as possible. Nelson Mandela prefers face-to-face channel of communication while speaking with Francois Pienaar for the first time. Mandela asks the captain about his philosophy of motivation and inspiration (Raath par. 2). The intrinsic motivation of team members is another crucial aspect for success. Every player has to believe in himself to achieve the best results. It is the task of the leader to make people sure that they have all necessary skills and abilities to perform with maximum efficiency. Mandela personally meets team members, remembers their names, and motivates them that they can do their best (“Lessons about Leadership from Nelson Mandela — Invictus” par. 10). It should also be noted that the reward for the win is rather peculiar. It is the unity of the nation and the disappearance of racial prejudices. Works Cited Invictus . n.d. Web. 2015. Leadership at the Movies . n.d. PDF file. 2015. Leadership at the Movies: Invictus and 5 Leadership Practices 2009. Web. Lessons about Leadership from Nelson Mandela — Invictus 2010. Web. Neck, Christopher, Charles Lattimer and Jeffrey Houghton. Management . New York City, New York: Willey Global Education, 2013. Print. Raath, Russell. Mandela on Leadership: Inspire Others to Exceed Their Own Expectations . 2011. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
This concept is mainly in agreement with Joseph Campbell’s suggestions of mythology in regard to the hero archetype. Campbell claims that the power of mythology lies in the fact that myths reflect realistic and valid archetypes. Since the ancient time, myths have been the main way of explaining battles, major life events and people’s behavior. There is always a hero in such stories or myths, who faces a struggle that acts as the basis of the story’s plot. With a lot of strength, talent, as well as admiration, the hero upholds the most precious thing to the audience, heroism. However, as time goes, the role of the hero remains indistinguishable from any other character (Mitchell 1). A myth about Gilgamesh describes the main hero as a person that beholds different heroic characteristics seen in many stories. At the beginning of the myth, Gilgamesh decides to conquer the jungle’s beast, Humbaba. Gilgamesh sets this goal for himself. Every hero must set a certain aim. Otherwise, there would be nothing to accomplish or tell in a myth. After Gilgamesh defeats the Humbaba, he loses Enkidu, his best friend, which is a great loss and challenge to any hero. In his mourning, Gilgamesh goes through a transformation making him appear like Enkidu. The hero appears in tatters and puts on animal skins. This makes Gilgamesh the opposite to Enkidu. Civilization influences the appearance of Enkidu like that of Gilgamesh. In this case, the hero becomes more savage. Changing appearance is a way of keeping Enkidu alive by appearing like him (Mitchell 11). Gilgamesh finds it hard to believe Enkidu is dead and is in denial of the idea of his death. However, after seeing a worm coming out of Enkidu’s body, Gilgamesh accepts the fact that his friend is no more alive. He realizes that he is not immortal. This makes Gilgamesh seek a way to cheat death. Gilgamesh chooses to look for Utnapishtin, thus he goes to Mashu. He encounters lions on his way and seeks the protection of Sin. These adventures are presented as a dream and actual encounters. In some cases, Gilgamesh is scared even though it is not clear whom the hero faces (Mitchell 1). As Gilgamesh reaches Mashu, at the mountain’s entrance, he walks into darkness. This is a common feature in most heroic myths. Gilgamesh faces a terrifying encounter as he meets Hunbaba. This proves Gilgamesh’s heroism. As a hero, Gilgamesh must go through this experience alone. The whole place is dark, and Gilgamesh can see neither front nor behind. Gilgamesh cannot escape his solitude. Literally, there is nowhere for Gilgamesh to go. There is also nobody to turn to for assistance. In the literal sense, the darkness symbolizes Gilgamesh’s solitude. After challenging Hunbaba, Gilgamesh arrives at the other part of the mountain. He enters beautiful gardens filled with brightly colored flowers and fruits. Gilgamesh can see the sea beyond the garden. Gilgamesh is now in a new world. The passage through darkness symbolizes the process of birth. Gilgamesh’s emergence in the new world symbolizes his rebirth. In his mourning for Enkidu, Gilgamesh is actually seeking to have his own salvation. Even though Gilgamesh believes these problems can be solved by immortality, he discovers that there are different forms of salvation. Joseph Campbell suggests that the power of mythology is that myths are reflection of psychologically realistic and valid archetypes. The heroes’ behavior in the myth is similar to the stereotype human conduct. Just as seen in the case of Gilgamesh, every hero goes through various stages of progression. These include the hero being introduced to the ordinary world, being called for adventure, being reluctant at first and then being encouraged by a wise man or a woman. After Gilgamesh goes through the first threshold, he faces various tests as well as meets friends ready to help him. The hero then reaches darkness and faces an extreme ordeal. The hero decides to fight, goes through reemergence and finally returns with his treasure (Mitchell 51). These are interesting elaborations that are clear in the case of Gilgamesh. The myth of Gilgamesh is a well-known literary piece. Gilgamesh is a renowned king. He encompasses all the characteristics of an archetypal hero. Joseph Campbell suggests that Gilgamesh represents the greatest myth of the quest for the elixir of immortality. However, the objectives of Gilgamesh in his heroic journey are not the same as those experienced in the modern day world. Gilgamesh looks for immortality and glory. These rewards are impossible for heroes in the modern world. In most cases, the opposite happens. The heroes usually end up giving their life for the sake of humanity. However, their traits still incorporate all the attributes of a hero. The hero does not die as such; he merely takes a different form in accordance to the changing world in terms of technology and various values a hero should have (Mitchell 2). Works Cited Mitchell, Stephen. Gilgamesh: A New English Version . New York: Free Press, 2010, Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Rwandan Conflict and Social Network Approaches Essay Table of Contents 1. Analysis of the Rwandan genocide 2. Role of reciprocity and compensation 3. Role of social identity 4. Power operation 5. References Conflict in its simplest sense refers to any clash or opposition between two groups. In order to understand the gist of conflicts, one has to employ models such as the interactive, distributive bargaining, mountain, social network and integrative bargaining amongst others. In most of the conflicts as Folger, Poole, and Stutman (2008, p.31) point out, there must be the reason as to why the inter-group conflicts exist. The structures and/or rules that the parties involved use to assemble and make interpretations of the conflicts provide a way in which people use the messages to achieve their goals concerning the issue of conflicts. Social network inter-group conflict analysis has shown incredible “promising results with regard to understanding how conflicts develop within the society” (Gryc, 2007, p.2). Consequently, how one can deploy the social network approaches, to provide an understanding of conflicts, will stand out after considering the Rwandan genocide of 1994. Analysis of the Rwandan genocide From a social network perspective, conflict-oriented persons should be present to declare the misunderstanding between groups of people violence. This condition was evident in the Rwandan situation, particularly after bearing in mind the long existence of economic division brought about by colonialism. “The Tutsi people were the ones who owned ten or more heads of cattle, and Hutus were agriculturalists” (Gryc, 2007, p.5). The divide and rule method of administration employed by the colonialists served to create a possible situation that could lead to the emergence of war. Secondly, the media facilitated the propagation of the conflict. The groups involved in the conflicts had in their reasonable contemplation that the conflict existed and ones whose actions promoted the spread of the conflicts. Role of reciprocity and compensation Media was one tool used in the propagation of violence. Gryc (2007) notes that “The infamous Radio-Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), the main radio station used by Hutu extremists, had to compete with several other media sources, and would not have been popular without an already tense and angry population” (p.11). As recorded, the station aired words such as ‘be ware’ of other people taking away your property’. This way, the act of reciprocity and compensation served to promote the propagation of the violence since the social disintegration of the Rwandan society seemed established. Therefore, every fighter dared to protect his/her ethnic group. Role of social identity To make sure that violence continues to wipe out one ethnic group, the concept of social identity was crucial. Without the stereotypical perception of social group traits, the genocide could not have escalated to the levels recorded. Gryc (2007) notes, “Without the tears within a state’s social fabric coupled with tensions between disjointed groups and a policy favouring social division, such a conflict, would not take place” (p. 11). Worth noting is the modern attempts by the various reconciliation organizations to seal the loopholes established during the 1994 genocide by their promotion of national unity rather than focusing on desperate Hutus and Tutsis social groups in need of societal cohesion separately. Power operation Although the need for power quests instigated conflicts as revealed, the Rwandan case seemed less dominated by the factor. For instance, the social, cultural, political environment that existed in Burundi and Rwanda were, at a large extent, similar. However, violence propagation in both countries was tremendously different. Evidently, as a result, the Rwandan conflict was attributable to the long-term social divisions and ethnic hostilities that had remained rooted in the society for decades only to reach their climax erupting in 1994. Social networking model for the analysis of conflicts thus fits the Rwandan ethnic cleansing conflict. References Folger, J., Poole, M., & Stutman, R. (2008). Working Through Conflict: Strategies for Relationships, Groups, and Organizations . Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Gryc, W. (2007). Intergroup conflict: a social network approach . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Optimal Bachelor of Nursing Science Program Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Fast-Track BSNs 3. Recommended Program 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction The choice of an optimal program for receiving a bachelor of nursing science (BSN) is a non-trivial task that requires careful comparison and thorough research. The choice is even more paramount considering the resource and time investment. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to compare programs for experienced nurses and students with other major by learning outcomes and other parameters to select one that could be recommended as optimal. Fast-Track BSNs For those who already have an experience or a registered nurse (RN) certificate, there appears to be no need to revisit the basic knowledge. Therefore, there is an accelerated online nursing bachelor program that lets students achieve the same competence in 2 years. For instance, Regent University (n.d.) offers a completely online-based study course that includes learning outcomes such as knowledge of pathologies, health assessment and treatment methods, data management and so forth. However, it has an RN requirement which makes this program unavailable to students who did not take an NCLEX-RN exam. The subjects and learning material will therefore be optimized for experienced nurses, rendering the program challenging for beginners. Another accelerated program such as the one created by the University of Washington (n.d.) offers an opportunity of counseling which suggests that inexperienced students may take it as well. Among other advantages of this one are the price and a variety of hospitals in which to receive practice. In addition, the program’s learning outcomes include well-rounded nursing care management, health equity and health promotion knowledge, and translation of scientific evidence into practice. However, by student-teacher ratio, it might give way to Regent University BSN. The latter is rather essential because comprehending knowledge requires proper teaching. Pittsburgh University has an accelerated BSN as a second-degree option. This program might be optimal for students with other backgrounds should they decide on becoming nurses. It offers a number of courses ranging from evidence-based practice to pharmacology and gerontological care. There are options there to study under RN-BSN curriculums designed to prepare learners for an NCLEX-RN where experienced students might skip classes they are proficient in. Overall, this course is rather balanced for both categories of nursing experience. Recommended Program Each learner is unique in their requirements and knowledge which makes recommending a program a difficult undertaking. Regent University might be the best choice if one has experience in the sphere of nursing and wants to expand it using the advantage of quality teaching. Those who are confident of their RN practice and knowledge might opt for a cheaper BSN at the University of Washington. Inexperienced students might choose between Regent University and Pittsburgh University BSN programs as they offer better-optimized curriculums for non-nurses. Conclusion The essential choice of program is an individual task that requires a good understanding of one’s strong sides and weaknesses, as well as desires. All presented options might satisfy knowledge seekers depending on their background. Yet, in terms of choosing an accelerated BSN, there seem to be many more possibilities for RNs than for non-nurses. References Regent University. (n.d.). RN to BS in Nursing – Regent University . Web. University of Washington. (n.d.). ABSN—Accelerated bachelor of science in nursing . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
North Carolina’s Geology and Its People’s Lives Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The geological diversity 3. Economic Activity and Social Life 4. Conservation 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction North Carolina is a state in the southeastern part of the U.S (Mapquest) with a vast geological diversity ranging from the mountainous area of the Blue Ridge, the Deep River Basin to the Coastal Plain (Schissler). This geological diversity has made the state unique with most of its economic activity including tourism (Riggs et al 1) and mining (Reid and Taylor) revolving around the diverse natural endowments. This paper examines the effect of these geological features on the lives of the residents. The geological diversity North Carolina has a wide variety of geological features. The Blue Ridge area has beautiful features and broad biodiversity which is wider than that of the whole of Europe (Clark 4). The ridge was formed by a collision of the ancestral continental plates of North America and western Africa (Clark 6). Rocks of the Blue Ridge show evidence of the geological changes from the Greenville orogeny to the Paleozoic Alleghanian Orogeny (Stewart, Adams, and Trupe 1). Scholars have suggested that the biodiversity could have been caused by isolation by physical barriers during the Pleistocene glaciation (Soltis et al) but a phylogeographic study by Soltis et al shows that the diversity is too complex to have resulted from this isolation. The area has other geological features such as the Ocoee Basin and Volcanoes. The Deep River Basin is another geological feature consisting of the Durham sub-basin, the Wadesboro sub-basin, and the Sanford sub-basin (Reid and Taylor), all of which have Triassic strata composed of three formations, Cumnock, Sanford, and Pekin. The Coastal Basin of North Carolina has a broad geological Diversity with many rivers, swamps, estuaries, rocks, inlets, and beaches (Riggs et al 5). Economic Activity and Social Life The Blue Ridge area has the oldest recorded history of North Carolina. The Cherokees, an indigenous tribe, had long depended on the biodiversity of this area for medical purposes (Vick). Today, the economic activity in this area includes mining and tourism. There is also Gold which was discovered in 1829, which, unfortunately, led to the forcing out of the Cherokees to pave way for mining (Clark 15). The Copper Basin in the Ocoee Basin has copper, zinc, iron, and sulfur which are being exploited (Clark 6). The Cumnock formation in the Deep River basin has organic black shale which contains coal and natural gas. Coal mining began in 1930. The Great Depression of the 1930s led many land-owning families to sell their mining rights to pay taxes (Reid and Taylor). The Coastal basin’s geological features attract tourism and leisure activities for the locals. The river basins have good agricultural land. This region has the fastest population growth in North Carolina (Riggs et al 1). Conservation The coastal basin has experienced the greatest conservation problem of all regions in the state owing to the influx of human settlements and economic activity, the growing population, and a highly dynamic ecosystem. The area has also been experiencing the problem of a rising sea level which has put at risk the various economic activities and urban settlements along the coast (Riggs et al 5). Conclusion Residents of North Carolina have for long depended on the geological endowment of their state for most of their economic activity from the earliest settlements to date. These economic activities have made life relatively easier for the residents. The state is, however, facing environmental problems which call for better resource management. Works Cited Clark, Sandra H.B. “Birth of the Mountains.” United States Geological Survey (2001): 4-15. Web. Mapquest. “Map of North Carolina.” MapQuest.com. 2012. Web. Reid, Jeffrey C. and Taylor, Kenneth B. “Shale Gas Potential in Triassic Strata of the Deep River Basin, Lee and Chatham Counties, North Carolina with Pipeline and Infrastructure Data.” North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. North Carolina Geological Survey. 2009. Web. Riggs, S. R., Culver, S. J., Ames, D. V., Mallison, D. J., Corbett, D. R. and Walsh, J. P. “North Carolina’s Coast in Crisis: A Vision for the Future.” East Carolina University. (2008): 5. Web. Schissler, George. “Geologic Events of the Carolinas and Beyond.” The Community Network of Western North Carolina. n.d. Web. Soltis, Douglas E.; Morris, Ashley B.; McLachlan, Jason S.; Manos, Paul S.; Soltis, Pamela S. “Comparative phylogeography of unglaciated eastern North America.” Molecular Ecology 15.14 (2006): 4261-4293. Wiley Online Library. Web. Stewart, Kevin G., Mark G. Adams and Charles H. Trupe. “Paleozoic Structure, Metamorphosis and Tectonics of the Blue Ridge of Western North Carolina.” Carolina Geological Society. (1997): 1. Web. Vick, R. Alfred. “Cherokee adaptation to the landscape of the west and overcoming the loss of culturally cignificant plants.” The American Indian Quarterly 35.3(2011): 394. Literature Resource Center. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Impact of Catholic Views on Discrimination Against Women and Minorities in the Workplace Essay The view of Catholic Church upon the racial and sexual discrimination have always been controversial, as Catholic religion without official proclaiming has always put the races that worshipped it superior to all others, and men superior to women. The examples of this are numerous in many countries, especially in the USA. In St. Mary’s Academy a woman was not allowed to be a judge at a basketball game only because she was a woman. This corresponded to the views of the African American Catholic Church and discrimination against women is atypical thing there. The beliefs referred to are supporting the views from the Old Testament that are no longer official views of Catholicism but spoil the image of religion. According to them, men are breadwinners and therefore have much more rights in the society, while women should be house-keepers and cleaners, who always stay at home and have no right for political and social activities and for protests against such a state of things (Copeland, p. 632). The same situation can be observed in respect of the catholic attitudes towards ethnic minorities and, other than the white, races. Since the initial period of the European conquest of America Catholicism supported the point of view that all religions except Christianity are false and people who worship them are inferior to Christians. This was a nice and strong ideology for the conquerors that needed a convincing and, at the same time, justifying idea to explain the reasons and motivations for the conquest: “White Americans need for black and brown, yellow and red people to believe that whites are superior to people of color. Men need to have women believe that men are superior to women. Otherwise the conquest must continue until normative divergence is completely wiped out.” (Hewitt, p.300) From this quote we can see that religion had nothing to do with faith that people had, it was just a powerful means of conquering new lands and controlling people, and in this the ideology of the Catholic superiority was of great use as it allowed Catholics to suppress other nations having a good excuse for it. Nowadays, as the more and more attention is being paid to the issue of discrimination and role of religion in it, the situation seems to have started changing for better. Even the officials of the Catholic Church recognize that the actions of the church they represent and the tenets of Catholicism were not human in all aspects and the current state of things can not be considered normal. John Paul II even apologized before women for the long years of discrimination promoted and encouraged by Church: “And if objective blame [for offenses against the dignity of women], especially in particular historical contexts, has belonged to not just a few members of the Church, for this I am truly sorry.” (Hewitt, p.312) All the above said allows us to conclude that as far as discrimination against racial minorities and women is a significant problem in the modern world, especially in respect of social relations and employment, the current essay is relevant and actual. Its aim was to examine the influence of Catholicism on the discrimination of women and racial or ethnic minorities at working places (Valasquez, p. 213). The results of the research allow us to say that the Catholic Church is really promoting discrimination, but recently the situation has started changing and this allows us to hope that in future the Catholic Church will be the defendant of equal rights for both sexes and all races. This will improve the quality of living for many people and make their employment easier and not-prejudiced. Moreover, people will seek for and find the relief and peace in religion instead of facing discrimination that is based only on the place of their birth or certain biological factors. References Copeland, M. S. (2000). Tradition and the Traditions of African American Catholicism. Theological Studies, 61 (4), 632. Hewitt, W. E. (1991). Roman Catholicism and Social Justice in Canada: A Comparative Case Study. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 28 (3), 299-323. Manauel G. Valasquez (2006). Business Ethics Concepts and Cases. Prentice Hall, 6th Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cancer facts * Cancer is the second leading killer in the United States. * One out of four deaths result from cancer in the U.S. * In 2011, the ACS approximates that about 572,000 million Americans died of cancer. * In 2011, the ACS estimates that 1.6 million new cases of invasive cancer were discovered. * No best single treatment so far, for all cancers. * Each cancer has its unique characteristics. * Cells are similar, hence difficult to kill abnormal cells and leave normal ones. * No single solution is expected in the foreseeable future. Cancer Risk Factors Environmental: * Tobacco smoking: – Responsible for 85% to 90% of lung cancer cases, mouth, pancreas, larynx, esophagus, and other organs. * Excess alcohol consumption (increase risk for mouth, rectum, liver, esophagus cancers. * Radiation – increase leukemia and skin cancers. * Certain sexual patterns, infections, drugs, and/or occupational exposures. * Pollution – Heavy chemicals such as benzene, asbestos increase cancer risk Note:- Effect of diet on cancer is not clearly established although it is attributed to a number of cancers. Genetic causes. Preventive measures Primary prevention: * The most important measure taken before cancer occurrence; * Avoid cigarettes and other tobacco products; * Regular exercise; * Avoid excess alcohol consumption. Secondary: * Periodic physical examinations, * Pap smears, * Colonoscopy, * Mammography. Note: Thermography and trans-illumination are not valid breast cancer testing techniques (Barrett, 2013). Evidence-based treatment methods Surgery * Used commonly for major cancer forms in the early stages. * Involves tumor and cancer containing nearby tissue removal. Radiation therapy * Ionizing radiation used internally or externally. * Destroys cancer cells. * The high risk of destroying non-cancer cells. Chemotherapy * Increasingly becoming effective in treating cancer. * Drugs attack cancer cell to prevent them from spreading to distance places. * Curative doses have severe side effects. Other: Photodynamic, Localized hyperthermia, Marrow transplants, interleukins. Susceptibility to cancer quackery * The cancer field is susceptible to unproven fraudulent treatments. * Questionable treatment methods used because of fear that cancer is incurable and costly to treat. * Factors that influence cancer patient to seek unconventional treatment methods. * Believing that cancer has been cured. * Slow-growing cancer patients misrepresented as cured. * Non-standard methods are explained in common-sense terms hence seem plausible. * Promoters encouraging patient to believe they blame themselves because they are ill. Questionable Methods * Definition: – they are diagnostic tests that promote the general use of cancer prevention, treatment, and diagnosis which are not scientifically proven (Barrett, 2013). * Cancer management includes: * Corrosive agents, * Plant products, * Diets and dietary supplements, * Drugs (Iscador), * Correction of imbalances, * Biological methods, * Device therapy among others. Promotion of questionable methods Dubious information sources * Personal contacts; * Magazines and books; * Proponent organizations; * Commercial information services; * Radios and television programs; * Internet channels; * Sponsorship from prominent individuals; * Integrative cancer centers (Barrett, 2013). Trustworthy Information sources * NCI, ACS, and University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center Web Sites; * ACS and NCI telephone queries, printed material; * NCI computerized databases. Consumer protection laws * FDA fights fraudulent cancer treatment The state licensing agency regulations of professional. Reference Barrett, S. (2013). Consumer health: A guide to intelligent decisions. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Gesture in Drawing and Form Essay The magazine “Ceramics Monthly” contains an article called “Gesture in Drawing and Form” by Mel Griffin and it shows how a drawing is being made on a household item. I chose this article because it shows how to make a unique design on a regular plate. As a lot of people do not have close connection to art and things of beauty, this can be used in everyday life. People are very much caught up in work and routine and this would add “color” to their existence. Almost anyone can attempt to make one of these and it would be interesting, as well as educational, to go through such process. It seems simple enough for everyone to try and create their special design. The author explains the technique of how to make the drawing, by specifying how different thickness of brushes will be used and the orderly adding of colors and layers. In reality, this sort of work has to be done by an intermediate or a professional, as someone who is using a brush for the first time will make a great mess, instead of a picture. It would be helpful, if the article included more detail and technique because the majority of people have never been involved in such activity. Someone who wants to engage in this sort of art should start out with something ambiguous and chaotic and not expect the painter inside to come out of nowhere. It is a great idea for someone who is bored, at home and wants to try something new. For children, this could be a real adventure and help discover a talent in this type of art work. This particular plate looks professionally painted and very nicely presented. For a beginner, their result could be acceptable but it is questionable if such work can be given as a gift. Perhaps, someone in the family would appreciate the work but unless it is extremely well done, people outside the closest ones will not be too thrilled with the gift. If it is made in a traditional style or something that is aligned with religion or sacred beliefs, it could be appreciated by those who share such beliefs but still, it is quite risky. For a beginner, it could be a piece of work that is done and then forgotten, placed on a shelf and not attempted to re-create again, unless a sincere interest arises in this type of work or a hobby. It is a very unique style that not everyone would appreciate or buy and so, anyone who is hoping for a form of reassurance or support should carefully choose to whom to present such work. Personally, I would add more color and texture to the design but this would be even more difficult. A plate has a small area to draw something on, so a lot of detail has to be paid attention to. It would be helpful if there were a variety of drawings offered. For someone who is just starting, more straight lines and simple forms could be the answer. Maybe, a small house in the village, a tree or a car would encourage someone better. If the drawing is made practical—a mathematical formula or directions to the closest library, it would become more useful and attract a larger audience. Overall, the work is nicely presented but it is very individual and not everyone might want to get involved. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Innovative information technology (IT) tools allow transferring necessary data within an incredibly short time, thus, boosting key corporate processes (Furman, Gawer, Silverman, & Stern, 2017). The specified opportunities are especially important for the maintenance of a global supply chain (SC), where timely delivery of required resources and transfer of important data define the quality of the end product (Lynch, 2018). Because of the necessity to manage the available inventory efficiently and enhance the communication process across the SC, thus, improving product quality, “Feets” will have to deploy the principles of Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) (Chopra & Meindl, 2012). The cooperation between the company and its partners across the global SC will allow maintaining product quality at the required high level by improving the quality of communication. CPFR: Addressing Legal and Ethical Issues in the “Feets” Supply Chain Apart from introducing a more sensible approach toward SC management (SCM), “Feets” also seems to suffer from an incoherent approach toward resolving ethical and legal concerns. For instance, the current framework for addressing legal issues does not delineate the agency of each participant. Particularly, the functions of partners, including suppliers and distributors, demand to be outlined respectively. After the duties and roles are distributed within the SC structure, SCM processes will occur at a much faster pace (Chopra & Meindl, 2012). The use of CPFR will allow making the process of data management more coherent across all outlets, as well as between “Feets” and its partners within the SC. Moreover, ethical concerns need management in the organization. Although no major problems have emerged so far at “Feet,” changes must be made to the current ethical framework. For instance, the company must focus on producing goods of the best quality and strive to meet the demands of its customers. Furthermore, the needs of other stakeholders, such as business partners, suppliers, distributors, and other participants of the SC, must be met (Christiansen, 2015). CPFR, in turn, will help convey the corporate values to staff members and managers, thus, ensuring that they meet deadlines and control quality, respectively (Chopra & Meindl, 2012). The application of the CPFR principles will also help ensure that the firm’s partners comply with the established ethical standards. Consequently, an overall improvement in the management of ethical dilemmas within the company can be expected. To encourage ethical decision-making in the context of “Feet’s” SCM, one will have to establish the principles of healthy decision-making. The identified step will require altering the approach to leadership by motivating employees and managers to accept corporate values and philosophy (Kluyver, 2015). It will also be necessary to ensure that the company staff members are provided with equal conditions, which is rather difficult given that “Feets” has expanded geographically (Chopra & Meindl, 2012). Therefore, the promotion of uniform values combined with regular audits and assessments will have to be considered a crucial change. Offshore Vendors and CPFR Activities: Connection Among the ethical challenges which ”Feets” is likely to encounter in the realm of the global market, preventing ethical issues in offshore activities from taking place is the most challenging one. Since it is particularly hard to establish tight control over offshore vendors, the firm will have to focus on maintaining the communication consistent and keeping all activities associated with offshore vendors transparent. The use of CPFR strategies plays a particularly big role in the process since they will provide “Feets” with a coherent information management approach (Chopra & Meindl, 2012). “Feets” will have to use the latest IT advances and tools for keeping the communication process consistent and avoiding any possible errors, misunderstandings, or misconceptions from occurring. Furthermore, a rigid financial control will have to be established for the organization to avoid the associated risks. In this regard, the expenses associated with the inventory used by the organization and its offshore vendors will need to be addressed. At some point, “Feets” will have to replenish the inventory and resources consumed by vendors. Thus, the principles of sustainable use of the available resources and the concept of lean management will have to be deployed to avoid inventory shortage and the lack of raw materials (Dwivedi, 2016). The specified change will imply a transfer to a more advanced method of SCM. Specifically, “Feets” will use the principles of vendor-managed inventory (VMI), with the help of which a more sustainable strategy of using resources will become possible. As long as “Feets” coordinates its actions with its offshore vendors, the levels of waste will remain low. Conclusion: Managing Current Issues at “Feets” Despite massively positive changes that “Feets” has experienced, the company still needs a coherent framework for managing information and the existing resources. For this purpose, improvements in communication and product quality and, particularly, the use of resources are overdue. “Feets” will be able to manage its global SC as long as the firm has all available information at its disposal and can control key processes. Furthermore, “Feets” must learn to cooperate with its partners, including offshore vendors, distributors, and suppliers, to ensure that all deadlines are met, and products of the required quality level are delivered to customers. As a result, “Feets” will establish a positive presence in the new market. References Chopra, S., & Meindl, P. (2012). Supply chain management (5th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. Christiansen, B. (2015). Handbook of research on global supply chain management . New York, NY: IGI Global. Dwivedi, A. (2016). Innovative solutions for implementing global supply chains in emerging markets . New York, NY: IGI Global. Furman, J., Gawer, A., Silverman, B. A., & Stern, S. (2017). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and platforms (Advances in strategic management). Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited. Kluyver, C. A. D. (2015). Strategic management . New York, NY: Business Expert Press. Lynch, R. (2018). Strategic management (8th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Music and Young Generation Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Data sample and collection 3. Data analysis and interpretation 4. The following table indicates a summary of the data collected 5. Conclusion 6. Reference List Introduction Research has indicated that the young generation is increasingly being obsessed by music. Most young people view music as their major source of entertainment, and they will spend most of their leisure time listening to it. The kind of music they listen to varies greatly with age and preference. Most youngsters will spend a considerable amount of money buying CD’s in order to listen to their favorite music. Research has shown that most CD’s are purchased by youngsters who belong to the 13 – 18 years age group. This essay is going to evaluate and analyze the amount of money spent on CD’s with reference to youngsters belonging to 13 and 18 years age groups. Data sample and collection Youngsters of ages 13 and 18 were used as the data sample for the research. The sample was selected because they belong to the teenager’s age group. This was done in order to obtain a small variation in data variance (Lind et al, 2011). The 13 years age group was selected because most of them are starting to experience the adolescent stage. Also, the 18 years age group sample was selected in order to evaluate their spending pattern on music CD’s. Such an age group is in the transition stage of going into adulthood, and their spending pattern will vary slightly compared with the 13 years age group. Data analysis and interpretation A total of 60 youngsters were studied in order to determine the amount of money in USD they spent on CD’s last year. Of the 60 respondents, 30 belonged to the 13 years age group while the remainder belonged to the 18 years age group. In both cases, the number of females was equal to the number of males. This was done in order to avoid the bias in the sample (McClave et al, 2011). The research also sought to find out the various sources of money for the different age groups. The following table indicates a summary of the data collected The 13 years age group. sex No of CDs bought Type of music Source of cash Estimated cost of CD’s bought Secular – $8000 Females Secular -49% Parents 40% Gospel – $ 3950 (15) 4000 Gospel-40% Own 20% Other 11% Boyfriends 40% Other – $2750 Secular – $19000 Males Secular -69% Parents 90% Gospel – $ 8950 (15) 10000 Gospel-10% Own 10% Other 21% Other – $10750 The 18 years Age group. sex No of CDs bought Type of music Source of cash Estimated cost of CD’s bought Secular – $14000 Females Secular -62% Parents 30% Gospel – $ 2700 (15) 9000 Gospel-8% Own 30% Other 30% Boyfriends 40% Other – $5420 Secular – $ 25000 Males Secular -75% Parents 25% Gospel – $ 6950 (15) 18000 Gospel-5% Own 75% Other 20% Other – $15750 From the above analysis, it is evident that, the male youngsters spent a considerable amount of money on buying CD’s compared to their female counterparts. The data also represented a small variance measure which indicates a positive correlation between the two samples (Lind et al, 2011). Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that the male youngsters were the most spenders on CD’s last year. More secular music CD’s were bought by both samples compared to gospel and other type of music. This directly underpins the fact that, youngsters are ready and willing to spend a considerable amount of money in buying CD’s. Reference List Lind, D. A & Marchal, W. G & Wathen, S. A. (2011). Basic statistics for business and Economics . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. McClave, J. T & Benson, P. G & Sincich, T. (2011). Statistics for business and economics. Boston, MA: Pearson-Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Popularity of Subcultures in Our Time Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. My Experience With Subcultures 3. Subcultures Through a Perspective of Symbolic Interactionism 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction Nowadays, subcultures are a popular notion. Every generation, dozens of them appear, and dozens of them vanish into obscurity just as quickly. It is hard to meet anyone who was not a part of some sort of movement or subculture during high school, college, or early adulthood. Some people continue to participate in subcultures even into adult life, rather than outgrowing them as a phase. Subcultures are made up of people who want to belong to a certain circle, feel accepted, and share thoughts, fashions, and ideas. The desire to stand out and to fit in somewhere at the same time is strong. Many subcultures declare themselves to be in opposition to society, yet at the same time, they exist within it. This is a very interesting topic for those who possess a sociological imagination. Subcultures can be viewed from several perspectives, such as the functional perspective, the perspective of conflict, and the symbolic interactionist perspective (Three Major Perspectives 2016). When analyzing subcultures, the symbolic interactionist perspective is more appropriate than the other two because it interprets and incorporates both symbols and face-to-face interactions. My Experience With Subcultures When I was in seventh grade, I used to be a Goth. Back then, most children were infatuated with the thought of being part of a group. Not many participated in a subculture because they had strict parents who did not want their children to dress up and have strange hairstyles. The school system frowned upon such notions as well. Those who dared to oppose the system, either openly or subtly, were often looked upon as “rebels.” I chose the Goth subculture because I found the outfits and jewelry to be impressive. I did not share the grim, dark outlook on life that is a staple for all Goths, although I think many of us just faked it to conform to the generic image of a Goth. The novelty of the feeling soon left, and I found the whole practice to be fake and superficial. Still, the experience was enlightening, and I even made a few friends along the way. Subcultures Through a Perspective of Symbolic Interactionism Even though my participation in a subculture was rather short-lived, I believe the general experience is the same for the majority of wannabe Goths, punks, emos, and the like. Symbols play a very important part in every subculture. In the Goth subculture, black clothes and hair and gender-inappropriate clothing were supposedly symbols of protest against a falsely positive society and were meant to make us stand out of the crowd. At the same time, we were able to find one another in the crowd. Adhering to Goth culture and wearing the expected outfit usually meant several things: this person likes rock music, tragedy, and drama in literature and shares the same notions of “cool” (What is Goth Subculture 2016). Symbols, hand gestures, and slang are also very important in certain groups that brand themselves as Goths. Every subdivision has different views on what Goths are supposed to be, what they should wear, how they should speak, and more. To give themselves agency, Goths often brand others who do not conform to their vision of what a Goth should be as fakers. This attitude becomes a source of confrontation between certain individuals and even groups (Goths (Real vs Fake) 2015). Attitudes towards the outside world differ from individual to individual. These attitudes range from neutral to negative, and they often reveal themselves in people’s choice of clothing. The color black is associated with the night, sadness, and death. It often attracts attention, which is sometimes negative. This mild conflict usually reinforces the individual’s connection with the rest of the Goth group, as he or she feels that true acceptance can be found only among members of the group. Some individuals, like me, deceive themselves into thinking that dressing up according to a certain code is an expression of some inner world, while in reality, it is a simple desire to conform. Conclusion Sociology is an enlightening branch of science that gives people a form of sociological imagination and insight that allows them to look at events, trends, groups, and individuals from a different perspective. While subcultures can be partially analyzed through conflict theory or functionalism, the symbolic interactionism perspective works best at underlining and explaining them through an analysis of the symbols they use and the day-to-day interactions they have. For most subcultures, there is a very little actual conflict with society, and protests are not taken any further than wearing odd clothes and covering themselves in tattoos and piercings (Crossman 2016a). From a functional point of view, those who belong to subcultures are not too different from the rest of the society; indeed, they still participate in its life, have jobs, and obey the law (Crossman 2016b). Through the prism of symbolic interactionism, however, it is possible to see the true motives hidden behind their words and actions, which include the desire to belong, to find friends with similar interests, and to stand out while still conforming to both the inner circle of the subculture and the rest of the society. Goth subculture is just like any other in that respect, the only difference being the choice of clothes and symbols, as well as the official philosophy, which everybody knows but nobody truly believes in (Crossman 2016c). References Crossman, Ashley. “ Conflict Theory. ” 2016a. Web. Crossman, Ashley. “ Functionalist Theory. ” 2016b. Web. Crossman, Ashley. “ Symbolic Interaction Theory. ” 2016c. Web. “Goths (Real vs Fake)”. 2015. Web. “ Three Major Perspectives in Sociology. ” 2016. Web. “ What is Goth Subculture? ” 2016. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Critique of Elie Wiesel’s Holocaust Book “Night” Essay (Book Review) Like many books on the Holocaust, Elie Wiesel’s Night is a dramatic picture of the horror times in the history of humankind and particularly in the history of the Jewish people. Unlike many other books on the Holocaust, Night impresses with its pessimism and disbelief. While many authors describe the victory of good over evil and relish in the happiness of being freed, Wiesel admits that he has lost his faith and that many of his prior positive opinions ultimately vanished. The book agrees with my view of the world in that everyone is equal and it is unfair to treat people differently merely because of their nationality or any other peculiarities. Wiesel depicts the shocking things done to the Jews just because someone decided they were worse than others. In my opinion, being a human is, first of all, being compassionate and not indifferent to others’ pains. Wiesel’s father is a good example of this: he “was more involved with the welfare of others than with that of his own kin” (Wiesel 4), he “did not want to discourage the others, to throw salt on their wounds” (Wiesel 11). Even in pain, when “his cheek still bore the red mark of the hand” (Wiesel 39), he says “It doesn’t hurt” (Wiesel 39) to prevent his son from an outbreak of violence, which would lead to bad outcomes. The soldiers and officers, on the opposite, represent everything inhumane there can be: “without passion or haste, they shot their prisoners” (Wiesel 6), “He looked at us as one would a pack of leprous dogs clinging to life” (Wiesel 38). These and many other examples from the book show how important it is always to remain a human and how unjust people can be toward others out of no reason. I think that such unfairness should be eradicated by all possible means. The book has presented a challenge to my views on religion and faith. The author describes how he had been very interested in religion at first, how he endeavored to understand God’s ways. Later, however, he remarks how he lost his faith, and his words could not leave me unperturbed. He says, “Never shall I forget those moments that murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to ashes” (Wiesel 34). The author stopped praying and he “was not denying His existence,” but “doubted His absolute justice” (Wiesel 45). The following words had the most dramatic effect on me: “How could I say to Him: Blessed be Thou, Almighty, Master of the Universe, who chose us among all nations to be tortured day and night, to watch as our fathers, our mothers, our brothers end up in the furnaces?” (Wiesel 67). These words evoked a whole set of feelings, and they made me start doubting, which was rather scary. The person’s loss of faith is an utterly crucial thing, for if one loses faith in God, he loses belief in everything. The book depicts the things that are essential to my family and me, such as love, care, and compassion. It shows how important it is to have faith at least in each other, even if you lose faith in everything else. My community cherishes freedom for everyone, and it is sad to know that there have been times when totally equal people treated each other in a very uneven way. Elie Wiesel’s Night is a bitter book, but it is the harsh truth about how people have treated other people. Thus, I believe that everyone should read it and contemplate the things depicted therein. Those who think that nothing that terrible happened should see how wrong they have been. Those who assume that the end of the war instantaneously brings blissful happiness and relief should realize that they are not completely right. Everyone can find something challenging in the Night , and this is why I believe everyone should become acquainted with this masterpiece and with other books on the Holocaust. Such things must not be forgotten. We should cherish what we have, and we should learn to be more humane in order not to make all those victims vain. References Wiesel, Elie. Night . New York: Hill and Wang, 2006. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Each ad has its own peculiarities and captivating points to be taken into consideration. There are several media types which are used to promote cigarettes, and one of them is the Internet. The chosen cigarette ads are found as a result of a thorough search in Google. The first one is focused on the Marlboro brand and associated with cowboys, their style of life, and their freedom. The second and is devoted to the Craven Menthol Cigarette brand that promotes fresh and cool emotions for people of different age. Both images advertise cigarette brands which introduce new and captivating products for people. Though smoking is a harmful practice for human health, some people cannot give up smoking for different reasons; this is why it is better to use the best products, trust time-tested brands like Marlboro or Craven, and enjoy the chosen style of life. When people talk about Marlboro cigarettes, the image of a handsome cowboy with a durable whip and a magnificent horse comes to their mind. The Marlboro brand introduced one of the most famous slogans in the middle of the 1960s and invited everyone to join them: “Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro country.” On this ad, a handsome man is lighting up a cigarette and taking a brown whip in his hands. On the background, there is his horse that is waiting for his actions. The man drops his eyes to light it up properly from the very first and enjoy this new taste as soon as possible. Now, he is going to smoke and come back to work with new powers and new ideas. The second image advertises new Craven cigarettes with menthol. In the center of this ad, there is an open pack with two sticking out cigarettes. They are the coolest. They are cleanest. And they are most refreshing. On the background of this pack, there is a young couple who enjoys the beauty of the forest and a small streamlet. They are breathing in the fresh air, they are happy, and they are refreshed. Every person has a chance to feel the same if he/she tries these cigarettes and enjoys this new taste. Good atmosphere, fresh ideas, relaxation, and entertainment – all this is available for people due to these new menthol cigarettes. The two ads under consideration are focused on the idea to promote cigarettes and prove that only the products of these brands need to be used. There are so many reasons why people should choose these cigarettes among others, and one of the most burning ones is the idea to try something new and attractive. Long cigarettes from Marlboro and amazing menthol taste from Craven – all this sounds rather interesting and attractive. Those who decide to start smoking should focus on these brands because of their symbolize power, freedom, and care. There are no angry or frustrated looks; there is no panic that worsens this life; there are no tears or other problems that may disturb people. The target audience of these ads may vary considerably: a young man may find it interesting to try a cigarette that is preferred by the vast majority of cowboys, a young lady may enjoy fresh menthol taste, and older people may choose these cigarettes because of their longest sizes and appropriate prices. The peculiar feature of these two ads is a close connection to all those activities which are inherent to everyday human life. When people have some free time, they are eager to go outside and enjoy the nature around. If a person lives in the countryside, the decision to have a horse and a farm are usually made. It is possible to say that people are predictable; their actions have certain grounds, and their thoughts are so similar. This is why it is not difficult to believe that one day a person tries this cigarette, this new taste, and this new improved size. In general, the ads devoted to the Marlboro brand and the Craven brand are captivating and informative in many different ways. Of course, on the one hand, smoking advertising is wrong and harmful because this activity negatively influences human health. On the other hand, people try to find out different ways to earn more money, and smoking advertising is one of the most beneficial. Cigarettes may be of different types: with various tastes like menthol, strawberry, cherry, or apple, of various lengths, and with different filters. People can make decisions to smoke or not to smoke according to their demands, interests, and preferences. And these ads show what products are possible to use to satisfy the personal needs of smoking. Marlboro and Craves brands are always in fashion and are already preferred by many people. Now, it is high time for the rest to enjoy Marlboro Country with the long cigarettes and to plunge into the charms of green forests with menthol taste. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Nevius states that direct and brutal violence has become commonplace in American fields of play for youth. Parents who place high demand on choice and performance of their children aggravate the situation. Consequently, children are finding alternative sports to stay away from the high stakes parents place on league games. Therefore, I agree to Nevius’s point of view that parents’ involvement has potentially destroyed the enjoyment and learning essence of childhood sport. The essay indicates that parents “scream at their kids, yell at the officials, and, in more cases than anyone would like to admit, something troubling happens” (Nevius 336). Parents live their lives through their children. They yell to the coach and wish their children to perform the best on the fields. Their inappropriate behavior becomes an unhealthy obsession with winning, which can be improved, and made to win over their contenders. Success achieved on the field has become the only goal worth achieving for many parents. Parents cannot participate in sports, other than being spectators. Thus, they have decided to be the best spectators in their own way. Nevius uses an example to show how parents misbehave as spectators. For instance, Junta who is a parent, becomes furious and vents his anger on coach Costin, beating him to unconsciousness. All this while, children beg the parent to stop but he does not yield to their cries. The incident occurs because the parent thought the coach was allowing rough play (Nevius 336). The above example confirms my affirmation on Nevius’ claim of the negative effects of parents’ involvement in their children sports. These include improbable demands and disorderly behavior instances. Nevius calls for the establishment of clear ethics code before the season begins, and parents must go over it. Second, parents violating the code must face stern reminders of their place in the sport, to prevent further disorderly conduct (Nevius 338). I strongly agree to the writer’s idea. It is true; various levels of parental involvement affect children’s development on sports, studying, and other domains. Regulation of parental anticipations and conduct is important. The essay by Nevius originates from the general literature and public concern on the cost of competition. Just like the writer shows, competition leads to negative effects on children’s development (Rosen 154). The high number of children opting for non-mainstream sports such as skateboarding, mountain biking, and surfing, offers a true indication of the presence of negative effects. The alternative sports have fewer rules, less structure, and parents do not know the first thing about them. Concisely, they offer the protection needed by children. Overall, we can conclude that excess parents’ involvement destroys the fun in sports, for their children. The destruction also extends to other development areas other than sports. Competition leads to other negative effects like violence and extreme interest by coaches and parents alike. The stake of winning becomes extremely high as sports become a market place for athletes to win. Due to the commercialization and competition, rankings, talent scouts, betting, and scholarships have become top priorities for parents and coaches (McCarthy 155). In the first paragraph of Nevius’ essay, a coach who was a screamer punched a parent who confronted him about the yelling, at his son. The reason for the coach’s anxiety and anger was the urge for his team to win the favor of talent scouts. Coaches and parents need to use a youth development approach to ensure that they teach valuable lessons (Holt and Sehn 27). They are the first mentors to the children participating in grade school and high school sports. In reality, schools are paying premium salaries on coaches who perform well nationally (Rosen 156-157). A ranking on national newspaper increases the visibility of high schools to talent scouts (McCarthy 155). The current environment full of championship systems, fantasy leagues and rankings make coaches, players and teams to be interchangeable like commodities. Sport has taken competition to the highest peak. It is no longer enough to be good at sport. Schools are racing to be the best facilities that nurture the next sport stars. The obsession is leading to an emphasis on short term goals. Both parents and administration in high schools want excellent results now. The above fact explains why the incidents of enraged parents are so out of proportion that they sound absurd (Nevius 336). Hence, we can conclude that rankings, premium salaries, and talent scouts, motivate coaches and players. The social currency of status, fame and wealth has become too lucrative. It is creating insanity in sports at the expense of childhood and youth development. In conclusion, competition should leave room for children put their own effort without pressure and be able to reflect on the outcomes. The root of the problem associated with the high stakes in little school games is the proliferation of major league competition into the minds of youth development stakeholders. Correcting this mindset will correct the ills of the unhealthy competition in little league games. In essence, parents need to monitor their level of involvement on their children’s playing. Otherwise, direct and brutal violence will continue to become common where youths are playing. Works Cited Holt, Nicholas and Zoe Sehn. “Processes Associated with Positive Youth Development and Participation in Competitive Youth Sport.” Positive Youth Development Through Sport. Ed. Nicholas Holt. New York: Routledge, 2008. 23-31. Print. McCarthy, John. “High School Coaching and Youth Development Approach.” The Dimensions of Physical Education. Ed. Lori Ciccomascolo and Eileen Sullivan. Burlington: Jones & Barlett Learning, 2010. 153-162. Print. Nevius, C W. “The Cost of High Stakes on Little League Games.” San Francisco Chronicle. 11 December 2000: 336-338. Print. Rosen, Joel. The Erosion of American Sporting Ethos: Shifting Attitudes Toward Competition . New York: McFarland, 2007. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Communication Technology and Fire Safety Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview of the Issue 3. Communication Technologies 4. Databases 5. Life Safety Initiatives 6. References Introduction A nation-wide trend in increasing the intensity of freight and public transportation created a major challenge for the fire service. The issue of the efficient movement of products and people is inextricably linked to the need for developing new fire prevention initiatives. This paper will explore the technological solutions for diminishing fire safety as a result of the deteriorating transportation infrastructure. Overview of the Issue The transportation industry is the major sector of the United States economy that accounts for more than 10 percent of the country’s GDP (USDT, n.d.). According to the United States Department of Transportation, around 20 million people were employed in the transportation sector in 2002 (USDT, n.d.). The projected expansion of the industry poses a significant challenge for fire safety. Moreover, the growth of population, the need to solve congestion, highway capacity, and freight traffic problems require new technological solutions for the challenge (USDT, 2015). Therefore, the companies renovating old tunnels and building new ones use communication technologies, networks, and the Internet as resources for solving the issue of diminishing fire safety. Communication Technologies With the inevitable deterioration of the existing infrastructure and simultaneous growth of the transportation industry, the issue of fire safety in rail and road tunnels becomes more prominent each year. A wide spectrum of negative factors associated with their use ranging from threats such as fire incidents, including flammable cargo and vehicle or tanker fuel to terrorist attacks, poses a considerable risk to many lives (Siemens, 2010). The potential human cost and serious business disruptions are the main concerns of national and international tunnel safety initiatives aimed at the development of technological solutions to infrastructure challenges (Siemens, 2010). A fire in a tunnel considerably differs from a fire in a building; thus, implementation of proper safety measures with the use of communication technologies and networks greatly facilitates the fire-fighting efforts. The incidence of fires is significantly lower for the tunnels than for open roads; however, their human cost can be much higher (Siemens, 2010). Even though fire prevention is the main priority, the use of fire detection solutions integrated via network channels with response systems proves effective in the safe people evacuation and helps significantly decrease structural damage and potential human cost (Siemens, 2010). The engineering companies like Siemens deliver holistic technological solutions that utilize existing communication technologies, networks, and the Internet and can guarantee optimal fire safety. Their cutting-edge fire safety solutions can detect and locate a fire as well as transfer the information about its progression and the potential hazard to firefighters. Siemens offers advanced surveillance systems that are able to analyze video records from the tunnels and produce alarm signals if predefined safety requirements like speed and distance are violated (Siemens, 2010). The company’s video smoke detection systems provide timely intelligence to intervention forces, enabling them remotely to assess reports on potentially dangerous situations and adequately respond to them (Siemens, 2010). Siemens also offers solutions for extremely targeted fire detection. The company’s FibroLaser cable with the function of heat recognition is capable of identifying a fire in a span of only one minute. Moreover, the technology can locate ignition within only three meters from its point (Siemens, 2010). Databases Web databases offer a viable solution for the dramatic reduction of deadly incidents and fires in the tunnels that can result in prolonged disruptions to the operation of the transport systems and a threat to human life (Thematic Network Fire in Tunnels, n.d.). Their use can lead to optimizing efforts on fire safety in rail and metro tunnels. The European Thematic Network presented six consultable web databases with the objective of optimizing research initiatives and projects on fire safety in tunnels. They list all research findings, thus improving knowledge transfer and increasing synergy via technological means. The databases also collect reports on fire accidents and data on upgrade activities in different tunnels (Thematic Network Fire in Tunnels, n.d.). Moreover, numerical models that are being used for benchmarking by international institutions and specialized contractors support collaborative efforts in the tunnel safety field (Thematic Network Fire in Tunnels, n.d.). All databases are being structured and monitored by the European Thematic Network managers who are responsible for the input of information (Thematic Network Fire in Tunnels, n.d.). They also register personal presentations of more than 1400 of the Network’s members who work towards the expansion of the fire safety information and its subsequent dissemination (Thematic Network Fire in Tunnels, n.d.). Life Safety Initiatives Risk Management and Technology initiatives are applicable to this assignment because effective and adequate use of communication technologies can drastically decrease “injuries and line-of-duty deaths” (Everyone Goes Home, n.d. b). With the growing rates of international and national mobility, the issue of the effective use of Internet technologies for solving fire safety problems and reducing transportation security risks gains more prominence every day. Moreover, the implementation of monitoring systems could help to address the problem on the strategic level, thereby facilitating safe conduction of emergency operations (Everyone Goes Home, n.d. a). References Everyone Goes Home. (n.d. a). Risk Management . Web. Everyone Goes Home. (n.d. b). Technology . Web. Siemens. (2010). How can we optimize tunnel safety and availability? Web. Thematic Network Fire in Tunnels (n.d.). General Report. Web. USDT. (2015). Women and Skilled Careers in Transportation. Web. USDT. (n.d.). Economic Impact of Transportation. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
What Is the Effect of Myelination on Conduction Velocity Essay Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Conduction velocity 3. Conclusion 4. References Background Myelination is formed by myelin on the parts of a nerve. Myelin is a material that is dielectric and forms a round layer, the myelin sheath, on a neuron’s axon. This mostly comprises the nerve structure. Myelin is made by the Schwann cells and oligodendrogliocytes (Luciana & Nelson, 35). Myelination is the production of the myelin sheath. It begins at the 14th week of the development of the fetus in humans. Myelination takes place in the optic nerve briefly before birth. Little myelin is found in the brain of an infant when it’s born. Myelination then increases as the child grows increases even through the stage of adolescence. Conduction velocity Is the conduction velocity taking place in the nerves? The nerves usually transmit information using action potential (Brown, Miller, and Eason, 590). Nerves are made to conduct electrical impulses over long distances throughout the body to the brain. The conduction is dependent on the stimulus whether it is low or above the threshold. A low stimulus indicates that there is no action potential. When above the threshold it remains the same size and does not change even for stronger stimuli. The stimuli may be electricity, touch, stretch, pressure, chemical among others. Conclusion Myelination is the sheath covering the axon of a neuron. In a myelinated nerve, the impulses hop from the nod to nod (Brown, 42). Myelination is advantageous in that it causes the conduction velocity to rise from 10 to 100 times the conduction velocity in ordinary nerves. Hence, myelination increases the conduction velocity significantly. In a myelinated nerve, the conduction velocity is close or 100 m/s. Myelination increases conduction velocity because it increases the axon diameter since the conduction velocity is directly proportional to the fiber’s diameter. In addition, it decreases capacitance hence the electrotonic con. References Luciana, M, & Nelson, CA 2001, Handbook of developmental cognitive neuroscience . MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. Brown, SP, Miller, WC, & Eason, JM 2006, Exercise physiology: basis of human movement in health and disease . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. Brown, AG 2001, Nerve cells and nervous systems: an introduction to neuroscience . Springer, London. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Nonverbal Behavior and Communication Process Essay The participants that are observed are a group of young people, most possibly students. There are four males and three females in the group. Each of them varies in appearance. There are two African Americans, four whites, and one female apparently of Asian descent. All of the group members appear to belong to the middle to upper middle class. They also seem healthy, energetic, and eager to participate in the conversation. They have most likely been friends for a long time and have not seen each other recently. The nonverbal communication behavior evaluated in this observation is the usage of contact codes described by Hecht et al. (8). The accentuated points are tactile communication behaviors such as touches. Additionally, there is an effort to analyze the group members’ understanding of their personal space. In other words, how close they are willing to let their friends go within the personal space, and if there will be any attempts to prevent them from going further. Therefore, the attention is on “tactile communication, or haptics” (Hecht et 8). The place that the observation is taking place in is a café downtown. It is a small but comfortable place with dim lighting and a lot of attention towards design and interior in general. The place is shaped to create the feeling of comfort and safety. The ceiling is about eleven to twelve feet high, and the floor is covered with soft carpets. There are three other people in the hall, all of them are relatively far from the observed group; they do not attempt to communicate in any way. The observed group occupies a relatively large table; they ordered some snacks and coffee. While most of the participants drink coffee, one white and the female of Asian descent preferred to have tea. The observation took place on 26, September 2017. As the instructions stated, the observation took place for only twenty minutes and concluded before the group departed. The interaction between the group members went in a friendly atmosphere. The participants were exchanging news, stories, jokes, and they were never silent in general. Each of the participants seemed to be very happy to see their friends. While the participants were communicating, they exchanged a lot of gestures, tactile contacts, and vocals. Although the most often type of nonverbal communication was the usage of vocals, contact codes also received a lot of attention via various types of physical contact (mostly hugging, patting, and gentle hits as a part of a joke or to demonstrate friendly intentions). The participants often exchanged jokes and some gestures that only they were able to understand which indicated that there is plenty of shared experiences and memories in the group. Amongst the participants, all of the females and one male tended to prefer hugging physical contacts, while the rest of the males mostly resorted to patting and soft hits. The most active in terms of physical contact was a white female. She was especially energetic and eager to hug every member of the group or simply talk to them. The least active member of the group was a white male that seemed to enjoy listening and participating in the conversation on rare occasions. The rest of the participants remained equally active throughout the conversation and tended not to express their emotions too much and did not resort to physical contact most of the time. The outcomes of the observation relate to McCornack’s definition of nonverbal communication, which he describes as “the intentional or unintentional transmission of meaning through an individual’s nonspoken physical and behavioral cues” (211). Each member of the group tried to convey a message when using physical contact or vocals. However, most of the interactions detected in this observation were designed to express emotions, which Hecht et al. reckon as one of the functional aspects of nonverbal communication (10). The observation, therefore, confirms the provisions provided in the publications both by Hecht et al. and McCornack. However, the most important aspect of this observation remains the fact that it most visibly demonstrated the basics of nonverbal communication. As this process remains mostly undetected in regular conversations, the only way to evaluate its importance as well as to detect it is to use such kinds of observations and field experiments. However, it is also important to understand the context in which the observation takes place. For example, who are the people that one observes? What is the environment in which their interactions take place? What are the relationships between the participants? Such questions are important to understand the significance of each means of nonverbal communication which the participants resort to during their interactions. If all of these questions are answered, it becomes significantly easier to understand as well as to detect nonverbal communication patterns and mechanisms. The observation itself must also be implemented according to a particular set of rules. For example, an excessively long observation would most likely result in failing to notice important aspects of nonverbal communication, especially if it is carried out for the first time and the observer is inexperienced. Additionally, it is important to prepare for the observation. If there is no preparation and scientific basis to support the gathered evidence, the data becomes simply useless due to the fact that the observer will not be able to analyze it. Works Cited Hecht, Michael, et al. The Nonverbal Communication Reader: Classic and Contemporary Readings . Waveland Press, 1999. McCornack, Steve. Reflect & Relate: An Introduction to Interpersonal Communication . Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Summary of the book “Thinking Strategically in Turbulent times” Essay The rapid changes in technology have affected the way businesses and organizations operate. Fields such as nanotechnology, computing, communication, biotechnology and genetic engineering are the most affected. There is a lot of competition due to advances in technology. Therefore, managers have been compelled to adjust accordingly in order to cope with the prevailing challenges. In some cases, other businesses are forced to redesign the operations and business processes of their organizations. According to Glassman, Zell and Duron (2005), this gives them a competitive position to respond to the changes in environments that surround the organizations. For this reason, there is dire need for managers to change the way knowledge and information is managed as well as to reinvent strategically in order to ensure a competitive edge in the long run. The technology that existed some years back is now obsolete and no longer functional. This implies that the advances that are being made in technology will continue to affect the operations of businesses even in the future. For businesses to remain competitive, there are factors that need to be considered especially in the top management levels. These are innovation, competition in the market and the regulation of laws that govern such organizations. All these moves will go a long way in ensuring that businesses and the entire world are politically, socially and economically stable. In view of changing technologies in the market, it is obvious that there are winners and losers. The difference is brought about by the way businesses respond to changes in technology. For instance, most organizations lack contingency plans to cater for such emergencies. When changes in technology are likely to shake the foundation of a business, it is advisable to allocate some funds that can cater for the changes. It is vital to noted that technology is not a cheap aspect to cater for since it has always been an expensive undertaking. The research and design department should work tirelessly in the organizations to make sure that the management allocates enough funds for this purpose. When recruiting staff members, it is vital for managers to strike a balance between technology related expertise and employees who do not require training (Glassman, Zell & Duron, 2005). Training in an organization should be emphasized so that the organization’s staff members become conversant with the technology that runs the business. As the organization progresses with time, rules and regulations should be changed regularly. Moreover, managers should be innovative and reuse materials through recycling so that the costs of transformation are reduced to the most minimal level. Other organizations that are in quest to satisfy the needs of technological change have centralized the use of technology. According to Aulet (2009), this has encouraged sharing of expensive tools and equipment that are placed in central offices to ensure that less resources are bought in the organization. Use of networks has also assisted in making sure that the shared resources are well managed. The latter enables users to work from a remote location. For instance, the use of networks will help departments share resources such as printers and expensive servers. The network should be made as complex as possible for purpose of security. It should ensure that hackers and other criminals do not take advantage of vulnerabilities of the system. Human behavior affects the manner in which businesses perform. The management should therefore make sound decisions on human resource so that human errors are reduced to the lowest possible levels. Human error is a major reason for failure in businesses. Shapiro (2013) explains that conflict management is prudent. Misundertandings and conflicts are common among staff members of any organization. Resistance to change is also likely to occur among the employees. It is upon the managers to communicate change in the right way in order to reduce chances of conflicts related to resistance to change. Fair remuneration helps reduce cases of conflict between employees and the employer. Motivation should be encourages as well. This ensures that staff turnover is minimal and also reduces costs of recruitment and training of new members of staff. Staff experience is treated as an asset. Fair punishment should be done for all members of staff without bias or discrimination. Businesses have changed from the traditional ways of strategy formulation. Strategies no longer fall under mission statements and goals. Today’s technology has affected the way strategy formulation is addressed. It is only those businesses that make short term strategies that have competitive edge in the global economy. The external and internal entities and stake holders of businesses have changed their processes thereby forcing the businesses to change toward the same direction. Managers should ensure that any form of technology that is in place is as simple as possible. Less complicated technology is easy to manage and analyze. The analysis done goes long way in ensuring that forecasting is executed perfectly. During this process, all vulnerabilities and loopholes are closed and the business operates at low risks. There are several forces (both external and internal) that affect the operation of businesses. Moreover, a business environment is considered to be turbulent when several aspects of organizational change occur at the same time. Managers have different views on the effects of these forces. When the analysis and consultations are done in the right manner, business managers will be at vantage positions to control the set strategies and turbulent times in the business. References Aulet, K. W. (2009). Business Planning Principles and Applications. Retrieved from < http://dig.csail.mit.edu/2010/LinkedData/Presentations/BusinessPlanning.pdf > Glassman, M. A., Zell, D. & Duron, S. (2005). Thinking strategically in turbulent times: an inside view of strategy making . London: M.E Sharpe. Shapiro, J. (2013). Strategic Planning. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Chemical Engineering and Influence on Economics Research Paper Chemical engineering is an engineering branch which entails the study of life science, physical science, economics and mathematics. It deals with the conversion of chemical and other materials into valuable forms. It is a broad field which is composed of Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Microbiology and Biochemistry. Chemical engineering also deals with wide range of new materials which are important in various processes of production. Chemical engineering is divided into two major branches namely chemical product engineering and chemical processes engineering (Ondrey 12). Chemical processes engineering deals with designing, manufacturing and operation of plant and machinery in industries. Chemical products engineering specializes in the use of substances to come up with different products such as pharmaceuticals, cleaning reagents, cosmetics, beverages and certain food products. This field of study applies several principles and concepts. These include chemical reactions engineering, plant and industry designs, processes designs and transport media engineering (Guo 226). Chemical reactions engineering refers to basic management of plant conditions and processes. This is done to ensure that optimal plant operation is attained. Engineers in this field often come up with designs for analyzing reactors. They use special physical and laboratory data parameters. In chemical engineering reactions, heat depended dynamics are applied in solving problems and prediction of reactor performances. On the other hand, plant designing deals with development of specifications and plans. It ensures that there is a stable base for engineering operations. Designs are generated according to the preferences of clients. Other major factors which influence this process are levels of safety, legal requirements and the availability of funds. These are known for their high influence on choice of equipment and other materials (Lozowski 64). Process designing is the most basic and physical step in the whole process of chemical engineering. It entails the establishment of unit operations. These units are used to control energy in reactors, recycle all unused reactants and prepare reactants by separation and purification. The process units make the whole process of operation. Unit operations include evaporation, drying and crystallization. Process engineers have a responsibility of ensuring that all these processes are carried out accordingly. This part of transport phenomena is mainly undertaken when there are industrial problems (Noris 84). It deals with transportation of chemicals, transfer of energy, momentum, mass, heat and fluid dynamics (Noris 84). It is described using mathematical equations that represent the transport agents. This process is mainly done through the use of both molecular and macroscopic agents. Chemical engineers develop special economic ways to use energy and materials. In addition, Chemistry is applied to change raw materials into final, finished and important products such as plastics, petrochemicals and medicine. Chemical engineering is also applied in research as well as the management of waste materials. In research, extensive use of computers is made use of in all facets (Norris 84). It is also worth to mention that Chemical engineers in industries are expected to performance experiments in the due course of their work. They design projects with the aim of creating better ways of developing vital chemical processes that can yield valuable end products. They also give essential advice on conservation of resources, control of pollution and the general production process. They are equally project engineers who are instrumental in selecting suitable plant equipment that minimize cost and optimize profitability in industrial businesses (Lozowski 63). Works Cited Guo, Lifang. “Research on the Elimination of the Foam of Leachate in Recycled Landfill.” Journal of Sustainable Development 4 .6 (2011): 225-229. Print. Lozowski, Dorothy. “Business news.” Chemical Engineering 119 .5 (2012): 63-64. Print. Norris, Terrie. “SNURs for Chemical Substances.” Professional Safety 57.5 (2012): 84- 85. Print. Ondrey, Gerald. “A more sensitive sensor for ions in solution.” Chemical Engineering 119 .5 (2012): 12-13. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Poor Management of Staff Has Hindered the Quality of Care During the Pandemic Essay Background The ongoing coronavirus crisis caused a tremendous disturbance to the world and the healthcare system. Inadequate preventive measures led to a surge in the number of infected people and deaths worldwide. Furthermore, the high hospitalization rate and shortage of clinical staff resulted in sleep disturbance among medical personnel. Moreover, many ethical norms were violated by some hospital administrators. Research objectives The first objective of this project was to determine the global insomnia prevalence among clinicians and review the health issues associated with disturbed circadian rhythm. The second objective was to discuss the ethical problems related to hospital staff management during the pandemic. Causes of Increased Workload and Sleep Deprivation among Healthcare Workers Two main reasons for increased hospital workload are poor staff management and incompetent governmental measures for viral spread prevention. For example, 90% of evaluated countries failed to demonstrate timely responses (Ibrahim et al., 2020). Moreover, inadequate management in healthcare institutions resulted in the worsening of the problem. Specifically, poor staff support from hospital administration caused burnout among healthcare workers (Challener et al., 2021). Therefore, it is essential to develop methods for lowering the workload for clinicians to reduce medical errors. Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance among Clinicians during the Pandemic The prevalence of sleep disturbance among clinicians increased significantly during the pandemic. When the coronavirus crisis started, some Chinese hospitals published data about increased insomnia among nursing staff to 39%, as shown on this map (Sagherian et al., 2020). An online survey among American nurses showed that 40% of the participants had mild to moderate insomnia (Sagherian et al., 2020). The global prevalence of sleep disturbance was found to be 43% (Al Maqbali et al., 2021). Insomnia elevated the prevalence of other physical and mental disorders among clinicians. Biological Consequences of Sleep Disturbance Mental and physical well-being determines the job performance of healthcare workers. Chronic insomnia was found to cause abnormal appetite, insulin resistance, weight gain, hypertension, and generalized fatigue (Kim-Godwin et al., 2021). Hospital staff often works long shifts and compensate for the lack of sleep with unhealthy nutrition that damages their health. Ethical and Cultural Issues Some healthcare organizations violated ethical values that affected medical personnel. For example, hospitals lacked enough personal protective equipment for the staff at the beginning of the pandemic (Turale et al., 2020). This situation was an example of a breach of the Code of Ethics that requires providing protection to employees (Turale et al., 2020). Moreover, the inability to provide emotional support to all patients caused depression among clinicians and a loss of trust in hospital leaders (Donkers et al., 2021). The pandemic was disturbing to all countries, but some healthcare organizations failed to provide workplace safety to hospital employees. Some cultural beliefs may cause emotional disturbance among healthcare professionals. For example, age stigmatization still happens in hospitals, valuing younger personnel less than older workers, preventing managers from hiring young graduates, and resulting in a shortage of staff (Gharzai et al., 2020). Another type of stereotyping is the lack of understanding of this infection. For example, many healthcare workers who underwent quarantine measures were stigmatized, harming clinicians’ emotional well-being (Ramaci et al., 2020). Therefore, hospital managers should ensure that staff receives proper psychological support during the pandemic to maintain productivity. Solutions for the Problems Improving staff management should become the priority for healthcare organizations. Firstly, a support system for medical personnel required to stay in quarantine should be developed (Challener et al., 2021). Secondly, the hiring process should be improved to reduce the existing workload. Thirdly, governments need to develop a more efficient system for response to public health emergencies (Ibrahim et al., 2020). Overall, these three ways can help improve hospital staff management and improve employee performance. References Al Maqbali, M., Al Sinani, M., & Al-Lenjawi, B. (2021). Prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis . Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 141, 1-18. Web. Challener, D. W., Breeher, L. E., Frain, J., Swift, M. D., Tosh, P. K., & O’Horo, J. (2021). Healthcare personnel absenteeism, presenteeism, and staffing challenges during epidemics . Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 42(4), 388-391. Web. Donkers, M. A., Gilissen, V. J., Candel, M. J., van Dijk, N. M., Kling, H., Heijnen-Panis, R., Pragt, E., van der Horst, I., Pronk, S.A., & van Mook, W. N. (2021). Moral distress and ethical climate in intensive care medicine during COVID-19: A nationwide study . BMC Medical Ethics, 22(1), 1-12. Web. Gharzai, L. A., Beeler, W. H., & Jagsi, R. (2020). Playing into stereotypes: Engaging millennials and generation Z in the COVID-19 pandemic response . Advances in Radiation Oncology, 5(4), 679-681. Web. Ibrahim, M. D., Binofai, F. A., & MM Alshamsi, R. (2020). Pandemic response management framework based on efficiency of COVID-19 control and treatment . Future Virology, 15(12), 801-816. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Differences of Realism, Naturalism, and Modernism Periods in Art Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction There are three main periods in the history of art (Realism, Naturalism, and Modernism), and each of them has its worldview that is manifesting through its works. Understanding the differences between them helps a person orient themselves in the culture more confidently and see the whole picture, reflecting streams of imagination of their time. Main body Naturalism is an exaggerated part of Realism, while Modernism differs from them principally—the former two accent the outside world where their characters and plots take action. Modernism speculates more on the inner dimensions of human consciousness and soul when the external aspect of history is in the background. It is crucially important to understand that such a transition from one principle to another is not a coincidence and depicts changes in interpreting the world and humans. Realism reflects reality literally as a social and mundane one trying not to dramatize or romanticize it. It appeared in the nineteenth century in France and Russia and moved away from Romanticism, emphasizing the description of everyday experience. Realist recognizes the most common for all people, and that makes Realism a genre of social progress (Newlin, 2019, 2). It takes its place in a period of significant changes in the structure of society (the transition from monarchy to democracy), reflecting situations without embellishments. The realism movement in art is a product of the ideological and philosophical spirit of its time. The nineteenth century is a time of radical rebellion and rejection of traditional ideas and life patterns in all aspects (Newlin 4). Now people build their world according to the scientific, empirical, and secular rules first formulated by philosophers. The most spectacular examples of this change are revolutions in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (The French Revolution, Russian Revolution, and others) and show a paradigmatic shift. Naturalism is a type of extreme Realism that postulates scientific determinism and objectivism. “Naturalism sought to go further and be more explanatory than Realism by identifying the underlying causes for a person’s actions or beliefs” (West and Patterson 45). Thus, Realism concentrates on representing the shared experience, suggesting that a person acts spontaneously in response to one or another situation. Naturalism emphasizes that humans are not free in their actions, using science that does not leave a person free will. Naturalism is a logical result of the development of Realism as the latter derives from a secular context that denies dignity. It relies on the Darwinian evolutionary theory, using it in a social dimension, even though Darwin never did this (West and Patterson 45). This fact moves a form of Social Darwinism that was unavoidable because free will used to be sanctioned only by divine law earlier. Modernism may be characterized as a movement of departure from traditional art forms in search of something new in the new world. It differs from Realism and Naturalism in choosing the main object of the narrative. If objectivity was a primary field of unfolding events for those two movements, Modernism is essential to reflect the inner human world. O’Callaghan notes that “modernist art is concerned with the interior world of things, no matter how banal” (13). Indeed, it again reflects the contemporary ideological, intellectual, philosophical, and psychological context resulting from “God’s death” (Nietzsche). In addition to new techniques and styles, something new was to shift the attention into introspective mode as the inner person’s problems grew and demanded attention. Conclusion To conclude, Realism, Naturalism, and Modernism are three periods in the history of art in cause-and-effect relationships. Realism was the first to break the link with Romanticism and concentrated on the reflection of social objectivity. Naturalism is its extreme form that went more profoundly in nature of human behavior and postulated determinism. Modernism is the movement in search of new forms of art, and it emphasizes the interior world. These three periods show that art is closely linked to its contemporary context, which is necessary to know in order to understand it. Works Cited Newline, K. The Oxford Handbook of American Literary Realism. Oxford University Press, 2019. O’Callaghan, K. Essays on Music and Language in Modernist Literature. Musical Modernism. Taylor & Francis, 2018. West, R. and Patterson, B. English Literature. Nineteenth Century. EDTECH, 2018. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Macbeth as a general turns to use evil means in his quest to attain power and reach his goals. The plot is further directed by the prophecies made by the witches. According to them, Macbeth is to become king as well as the Thane of Cawdor. In addition, it is predicted that the descendants of Banquo will inherit his position coupled with the prophecy that warns Macbeth about Macduff (Bloom 11). The prophecies include a proclamation that the general is free from any harm directed to him by any man. In the play, the only prophecy that does not come to pass is about the children of Banquo becoming kings as the rest are fulfilled. However, there are questions about the method of interpreting the prophecies as they are expected to be handled as riddles. The prophecies play a major role in the plot and theme in the story. This is due to the fact that Macbeth relies on the prophecies in making decisions. Macbeth is seen to be consultation with the witches even during the killing of Banquo. He justifies his actions saying “If chance will have me King, why, chance may crown me,/ Without my stir “( (Shakespeare 362). Moreover, the general ignores morality when Duncan is murdered. Macbeth resorts to using violence in order to avert or coincide with the prophecies put forward by the witches. Macbeth’s desire for power and prestige is therefore accelerated by the prophecies. The divination made by the witches pushes Macbeth further into immorality as he is made to believe that he deserves the position of king. Therefore, the proclamation by Duncan that his son Malcolm is to succeed him causes Macbeth to sink further into evil. Lady Macbeth is also involved in the practice of violence and impunity when she supports Macbeth by urging him to commit the acts. For example, she emphasizes… I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums, And dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn as you, Have done to this. (Shakespeare 371) The murder of King Duncan affects morality in the story in a negative way as Macbeth works to actualize the prophecies. Additionally, Lady Macbeth helps Macbeth in overcoming grief and guilt to further perpetuate the wrongdoings. Macbeth tries to justify the morality of the act he is about to carry out. “First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed; then, as his host, who should against his murderer shut the do ,Not bear the knife myself (Shakespeare 369). Macbeth is thus portrayed as a victim of fate as his character and personality are greatly influenced by various factors. These include the prophecies made by the witches that push Macbeth to corrupt and evil activities. The character that has no regard for morality is heightened by the prophecy in that the friends as well as close relatives of Duncan are also killed. The character thus gains an immoral status courtesy of the prophecies that are viewed as part of fate that drives the life of Macbeth. The presence of the prophesy leads to the implication that Macbeth loses autonomous control over his life. His behavior is directed by forces that seem to be beyond his control. The prophecies thus translate to greed, mistrust and sorrow for Macbeth and other characters in the plot. It is apparent that prophecy has greatly affected morality in Macbeth. The divinations made about Macbeth becoming king result in multiple killings by Macbeth in the name of making them come to pass. In addition, Macbeth abandons reason and morality so as to make the predictions a fact. Therefore, Macbeth is portrayed as an immoral character developed and molded by factors that are external. These are further reinforced by Lady Macbeth as she is noted to have backed the immoral acts committed by Macbeth. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Renewable Energy Ethical Question Essay (Article) The technical progress is an ongoing process that is beneficial for the society in a significant way. Renewable energy is nowadays seen as one of the best opportunity for changing the manufacturing and creating environmentally friendly society. Despite the fact that the power of wind, sun, and water can be transformed into energy the great majority of people argue the importance of the renewable energy system implementation proving that the disadvantages should always be taken into account for the prevention of bad consequences. According to John Twidell, the renewable energy can be defined as the “energy obtained from naturally repetitive and persistent flows of energy occurring in the local environment” (Twidell and Weir 3). There are different types of the renewable energy, namely solar, wind, tidal, wave, and biomass. Every kind of the source has advantages and disadvantages. The main disadvantage is cost expenses. Solar panels can provide the electricity supplies for the whole building that is very effective and frugal. The tidal power is beneficial for islands and can prevent floods (Linscott 43). It should be stated that the system of renewable energy provides the highest index of usage and it shortages the negative impact on the environment. This is a good solution to satisfy human needs as there are almost no wastes; consequently, it will promote an environmentally friendly attitude (Kothari 1514). By the implementation of the renewable energy system, the greenhouse effect and the global warming process will be reduced. The production of wind energy does not require water usage that is significantly important for the dry regions (Nelson 21). One of the benefits that a renewable energy system will provide is the improvement of human health. The wastes produced by coal and natural gas are considered to be the first reason that causes cancer and heart diseases. Solar and wind systems do not pollute air and water; consequently will lead to a healthier society and will decrease healthcare costs (Bazilian et al. 328). Although the implementation of the renewable energy system will be beneficial to the environment and human health, the advantages do not end there. Fossil fuel technologies are mechanized, and there is no need to hire a lot of people for the system to work. The wind and solar industry will provide workplaces as there are a lot of spheres that need to be taken into account, namely project development, construction, installation, and transportation. According to recent researches, the solar industry supported more than 100,000 workers, whereas the hydroelectric system offered almost 250,000 workplaces (“Solar Industry Facts and Figures” para 2). Moreover, a renewable energy system allows balancing the energy price that is beneficial for the country’s economy and the budget of every citizen. One of the disadvantages of wave power is the susceptibility of the equipment. The devices of wind power can overcome storms and hurricanes; however, it is almost impossible for the water equipment to overcome storms (Ehrlich 237). It should be stressed that it is expensive to build and use solar panels; although it will save money on the distance. So, the major problem concerning the issue of renewable energy implementation is money. However, it should be highlighted that all the expenses will be gained in the future. In conclusion, it should be pointed out that the issue concerning renewable energy implementation seems to be very controversial. However, it should be stated that the environment suffers from the humans’ activity; that is the situation should be under control to prevent the dreadful consequences. The system of renewable energy will allow minimizing the negative impact on the surroundings, wastes, and will lead to an environmentally friendly society. Works Cited Bazilian, M., T. Mai, S. Baldwin, D. Arent, M. Miller, and J. Logan. “Decision-making for High Renewable Electricity Futures in the United States.” Energy Strategy Reviews 5.2 (2013): 326-28. Print. Ehrlich, Robert. Renewable Energy: A First Course . Boca Raton: CRC, 2013. Print. Kothari Surendra. “Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Environmental Protection: A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15.3 (2011): 1513-524. Print. Linscott, Bradford. Renewable Energy: A Common Sense Energy Plan . Mustang: Tate Pub & Enterprises, 2011. Print. Nelson, Vaughn. Wind Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment . 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC, 2013. Print. Solar Industry Facts and Figures 2013. Web. Twidell, John, and Anthony D. Weir. Renewable Energy Resources . 3d ed. London: Routledge, 2015. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Thus, personal abuses, frauds, and discriminations are often revealed through social media and blogging. The problem takes its roots to form the speedy development of telecommunication services, which provides a variety of opportunities for swindlers. A wide range of Internet services allows people to commit crimes without being recognized. Thus, cybercrime can be called a disease of the century, since it infects people with a desire to make a profit on the online deceits. Definition of Cybercrime Several modern scientists have been trying to outline the most consistent definitions of cybercrime. According to Majid Yar (2013), cybercrime presents “computer-mediated activities which are either illegal or considered illicit by certain parties and which can be conducted through global electronic networks” (p. 9). Therefore, cybercrime encompasses a variety of acts that bring some damage and offense to society. Cybercrime and Society The Dual Nature of Cybercrime Computer-mediated crimes are often treated in two different ways. Thus, the illegal activities that are conducted through networking can be viewed either as actual crimes or as deviances. While the former present acts that are prohibited by legal laws, the latter ones are usually perceived as undesirable actions that violate the rules of social behavior (Yar, 2013). Virtual Losses: Quantification The global society faces great losses in connection with the development of cybercrime. The biggest problem of this issue is that it is practically impossible to estimate the size of the virtual crime. Due to the huge scope of networking space, it is quite challenging to detect the sources of cybercrimes. Thus, virtual losses defy quantification, which is gradually turning into a global social problem of the digital age. Typology of Cybercrimes The computer-based crimes can be subdivided into a huge number of categories, while the nature of illegal activities that are accomplished through networking is extremely diverse. Due to Sarah Gordon and Richard Ford (2006), who researched cyberbullying, one can differentiate two distinct categories of virtual crimes. The scientists named these categories Type I Cybercrime and Type II Cybercrime. While the first type is a purely mechanistic character, the second one has a humanistic nature. In other words, Type I illustrates the examples of illegal acts that are not directed upon any specific person and have technological features. In contrast to it, the second type presents a set of crimes that are created by humans to abuse or defraud someone. Each category of cybercrime types can embrace a variety of specific acts. In their book, Grabovski and Smith (2009) provide an elaborate classification of virtual crimes. According to it, there are 9 types of cybercrime: communications that support criminal conspiracies, communication services theft, telecommunication piracy, the propaganda of offensive materials, money laundering, virtual terrorism and vandalism, fraudulent sales, interception of private communications and fund transfer crimes (Grabovski & Smith, 2009). Conclusion: Virtual Cybercrimes as a Real Danger for a Global Society Thus, one can deduce that the revolution of information technology produced a powerful wave of online frauds, which damages the safety and well-being of modern society. People throughout the world lose their property and become abused without having a chance to detect their offenders. The matter of internet perversion becomes more prominent with the speedy development of social networks that promote cyberbullying. Consequently, it is a primary task for the society to improve the ways of processing internet data so that to preserve it from being intercepted as well as elaborate the functioning of social media to protect its users from internet abuses. References Gordon, S., & Ford, R. (2008). On the definition and classification of cybercrime. Journal in Computer Virology, 2 (1), 13-20. Grabovski, P., & Smith, R. (2009). Crime in the digital age: Controlling telecommunications and cyberspace illegalities. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Yar, M. (2013). Cybercrime and society. New York: Sage Publications. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It was created by a well-known Italian sculptor and architect Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni in the 16 th century. It is not a secret that one of the most well-known subjects of the art of Italy is considered to be the most interesting and prominent hero – David. The statue is recognized to be the symbol of the defense of civil liberties in Italy. In the 19 th century the statue was moved to an art academy in Florence – the Accademia di Belle Arti. There were many visitors, who came to the Gallery to see the sculptor’s masterpiece. The distinctive feature of Michelangelo’s statue is that the Biblical hero is depicted alone; there is no Goliath of Gath. Thus, the statues of Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi and Andrea del Verrocchio depict the main hero in the battle with the head of the slain. However, some scientists say that Michelangelo decided to create David before the battle. One more issue I would like to discuss concerns with the details of David’s face. Thus, the opinion that famous sculptor depicted his hero before the battle is confirmed by the hero’s facial expression. So, one may point out that David is rather composed, but angry. It is said that the statue excelled all famous and contemporary works, as Michelangelo was able to restore to life a dead person. On the other hand, some scientists suppose that one of the most important Italian Renaissance sculptors depicted one of the political figures in Florence. In my opinion, the sculpture depicts the most important traits of person’s character. Thus, the ancient work can be served as an example of the strongest emotions people can feel. I would like to touch on the modern conception the masterpiece is related to. Thus, I want to describe a complex psychophysiological experience the sculpture concerns with. So, as far as the facial expression of David reminds us of anger, the only thing people can do is to admire Michelangelo’s ability to depict an automatic response to ill treatment. To my mind, that basic idea of famous sculptor was to impress the viewers, or to discover the hidden issue of the objective reality. The sculpture provokes imagination and people start to think over the primary emotions they are born with. Thus, in my opinion, the sculpture is considered to be a feedback mechanism. One may state that there are unpleasant responses which depend on the same phenomena and vice versa. Of course, it is true. Anger is considered to be a normal emotion and Michelangelo’s sculpture is related to three modalities of negative psychological interpretation. Thus, there are cognitive and behavioral modalities of anger which are depicted by famous sculptor. Tension and antagonism are considered to be the primary issues Michelangelo showed. Body language and facial expressions are recognized to be the most widespread signs of an automatic response to ill treatment. Most of people know that David fought against Goliath of Gath and the sculptor showed us the inner state of the Biblical hero before the battle. Thus, one may think that public acts of aggression are also the signs of anger. I suppose that the sculptor depicted a kind of aggressive behavior, which is called bullying. The signs include facial expressions (David’s eyes create immediate cues). I think that Michelangelo’s work impacted on my ability to understand the emotional state of people. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Globalization in Economics and International Relations Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Analysis 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Globalization is a topic that has been actively discussed over the last few years and has drawn the attention of many scholars. The understanding of related processes is vital to any individual interested in this area, and the knowledge gained may be utilized in the future in many fields related to international relations. Analysis Wallerstein discusses the impact that the capitalist system has on the global economy and draws attention to its limitations. The researcher argues that it would not function if free markets existed all over the world because the bargaining power of customers would increase dramatically (Wallerstein 58). The author also suggests that almost every country has its role and that production processes are dependent on a broad range of factors and other states. Concerns about stagnation are reasonable in this case, but history has shown that the system is capable of regulating itself. Sklair focuses on the transnational aspects of globalization and suggests that some of the activities may lead to destabilization. The claim that the transnational capitalist class is capable of ruling the world may be questionable, but the idea does have some merit because many individuals are extremely influential (Sklair 66). Harvey devotes the most attention to the discussion of neoliberalism and its history. The author suggests that government regulations should be limited to ensure that the system can function properly (Harvey 71). However, this is often not the case, and a broad range of policies may create significant barriers to entrepreneurs. Moreover, its weaknesses should be acknowledged. Such factors as unemployment rates and economic inequality are critical because they continue to significantly affect the worldwide population today. Meyer et al. provide many pieces of evidence to support their statement that most of the aspects of modern nation-states originate from global models that gained popularity through cultural processes (77). The idea that they are not formed as a result of internal factors is quite controversial, but such factors as conformity to global views have affected the events in many states throughout the course of history. Robertson regards globalization as a critical problem and argues that the conjunction of different beliefs and cultures leads to the introduction of numerous constraints (88). It is hard to argue with this perspective because it is evident that certain countries have an enormous influence all over the globe and that their traditions are copied. Appadurai draws attention to the conflict between homogenization and heterogenization, as well as other aspects related to the cultural economy (96). The author’s suggestion that the introduction of such factors as the Internet has increased the speed of globalization processes is reasonable. Furthermore, globalization may lead to problems when countries start to lose their cultural identities. Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that all of the authors recognize that globalization has both its benefits and disadvantages. Moreover, the situation is complicated by the fact that such concepts as capitalism, transnationalism, and others are all interconnected. Overall, such information is incredibly valuable and should be analyzed by any individual interested in international relations. Works Cited Appadurai, Arjun. “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” The Globalization Reader . Ed. Frank J. Lechner and John Boli. Hoboken: NJ, 2015. 94-102. Print. Harvey, David. “A Brief History of Neoliberalism.” The Globalization Reader . Ed. Frank J. Lechner and John Boli. Hoboken: NJ, 2015. 71-76. Print. Meyer, John, W., John Boli, George M. Thomas and Francisco O. Ramirez. “World Society and the Nation-State.” The Globalization Reader . Ed. Frank J. Lechner and John Boli. Hoboken: NJ, 2015. 77-85. Print. Robertson, Roland. “Globalization as a Problem.” The Globalization Reader . Ed. Frank J. Lechner and John Boli. Hoboken: NJ, 2015. 86-93. Print. Sklair, Leslie. “Sociology of the Global System.” The Globalization Reader . Ed. Frank J. Lechner and John Boli. Hoboken: NJ, 2015. 63-70. Print. Wallerstein, Immanuel. “The Modern World-System as a Capitalist World-Economy.” The Globalization Reader . Ed. Frank J. Lechner and John Boli. Hoboken: NJ, 2015. 56-62. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Primary Problem 2. Insights from the Case 3. Potential Decisions 4. Potential Course of Action Primary Problem Rent the Runway is a prime example of a management issue in a company. Identifying the primary problem, one must point to the fact that the leadership strategy has not been fleshed out properly in the organization, which has led to the inability to manage the designers working for the firm and make sure that the staff complies with the standards set. By incorporating the transformative leadership model into the framework of the organization, one is likely to face a rapid recovery of Rent the Runway. Insights from the Case The case in point is a graphic example of the need to introduce an adequate leadership strategy and adopt an adequate HRM model. Because of their inability to manage the employees and coordinate their performance, Rent the Runway’s managers are facing now a rather complex issue. Potential Decisions The reconsideration of the HRM practices, which the company adapts at present, seems to be the most legitimate step to take at present. Unless the organization provides its designers with the flexibility that they need yet makes sure that they should not affect the course of the key organizational processes no further progress can be expected. Hence, there is a strong need to set the firm’s priorities straight and make sure that the entrepreneurship explores every single opportunity of growing and developing further. Moreover, the organization should focus on the timely management of its core processes. As a recent evaluation of the organization’s performance has shown, the company has been falling behind the schedule for quite a while. Although the given characteristics of the organizational performance have not yet led to drastic results, it is still quite obvious that the further delays may cost the firm the quality of its performance and, therefore, many of its customers. Potential Course of Action It can be suggested, therefore, that Rent the Runway should consider the tools such as the enhancement of the employees’ motivation in general and the motivation of designers in particular so that they could become loyal members of the company and produce fruitful ideas. Since the coordination of the actions of the company’s staff with the decisions made by the designers involved in the production process is essential to the outcomes, it will be necessary to make sure that the above-mentioned designers should be provided with enough room for creativity. However, to prevent them from taking too many liberties with the decision-making process regarding the company’s further operations, it will be necessary to introduce a set of more rigid organizational behavior standards. Additionally, a more elaborate leadership strategy, which will both motivate designers and make them comply with the firm’s requirements, will have to be designed. Apart from the obvious leadership issue, the problem regarding the deadlines and the firm’s inability to meet them deserves to be brought up. By defaulting on its deadlines, the organization is likely to witness a rapid drop in customer loyalty rates; hence, it is strongly recommended that the firm’s leader should rearrange the process of scheduling as well as the principle of roles and responsibilities distribution. The issue regarding the staff’s failure to meet the deadlines may also concern the lack of motivation. In light of the above-mentioned problem regarding the choices made by the designers and their artistic freedom, the specified problem may be linked to a poor leadership strategy. Herein the need to redesign the leadership approach adopted currently by the head of the company lies. It is strongly suggested that the transformative leadership strategy should be adopted; allowing for a rapid increase in staff motivation rates and helping promote the concept of CSR among the staff (), the tool in question can be viewed as a rather efficient means of dealing with the issue related to deadlines. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Architectural Marvels of Ancient Mesopotamia Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Conan the Barbarian is among the most known fictional characters associated with the revenge trope and success in martial arts. The hero’s personality is depicted in different works of art, including printed books, comics, games, and films. Based on what is known about ancient Mesopotamia, to create the remake of the movie Conan released in 1982, it will be necessary to recreate religious structures, such as ziggurats and temples. Also, it will be possible to illustrate the distribution of wealth with the help of decorative elements. Main body Historical authenticity is critically important when it comes to buildings and architecture. Therefore, first of all, it will be pivotal to represent ancient Mesopotamians’ approaches to both religious and residential buildings. A ziggurat, a high building of religious importance that is similar to Egyptian mastabas, will be used in the temple scenes (Nadali and Polcaro 103). Along with a long wall that surrounds residential buildings, the ziggurat and the temple complex will shape the settlement’s architecture, thus “connecting the earth and the sky” (Nadali and Polcaro 103). There will not be a lot of decorative elements in the residential areas inhabited by the lower class, whereas commercial structures and spaces accessed by more prosperous citizens will be colorful. Conclusion In particular, the gates of the most important buildings should be decorated with panels depicting relevant historical events. For instance, it will be possible to recreate the panels from the gates of Balawat (one of the famous works of art related to the historical period) or create panels similar in style ( Architectural Marvels of Ancient Mesopotamia ). Other decorative elements to be used will be presented by objects made of marble, stone, alabaster, and other materials. Among them will be funeral steles, sculptures of gods and goddesses, figurines that symbolize female fertility, and other works presenting ancient people’s philosophy and value system ( Architectural Marvels of Ancient Mesopotamia ). In addition, it will be critical to depict citizens’ attitudes to nature with the help of architectural and design solutions. Therefore, there will be many trees in the city, animalistic motives in art, and so on. Works Cited “Architectural Marvels of Ancient Mesopotamia: The Land Between the Rivers.” Fairfield University , Web. Nadali, Davide, and Andrea Polcaro. “The Sky from the High Terrace: Study on the Orientation of the Ziqqurat in Ancient Mesopotamia.” Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry , vol. 16, no. 4, 2016, pp. 103-108. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The director’s adaptation of the story by Michael Morpugo tells about the long-forgotten Chelsea footballer that once was a legend. Throughout the piece, the main character recalls his failed football career that was shortened because of World War II. The plot intertwines with the past and the present, wherein the time being, his grandson is aspiring to have a tremendous football career and trains for the trials at Stamford Bridge. The set of the play is unchanging throughout the performance, which makes the audience fantasize about different sites when Billy talks about separate periods of his life. Lightning is what makes a significant difference, establishing the mood and emotion of the setting. For instance, during the present time, the set is mundane and grey, representing the dull, monotonous life of Billy that has no perspective. Scenes of war are lit up with red colors, highlighting the cruelness and fatality of that period. Lastly, the episodes of Billy the Kid occurring post-war, when he finds out about his injury, are dark, enhanced by heavy rain to accentuate the feeling of depression and desperation. Therefore, the lightning of the set was the primary signal for all the location and mood changes, perfectly supplementing the play, and the characters. The costumes in the Billy the Kid play are not too sophisticated, representing the personality of each character. For example, Sam, whose dream is to become a famous footballer, wears a symbolic t-shirt of his favorite team – Chelsea. Due to the fact that only two actors are playing all the characters, the costume designer – Adam Wiltshire made a decision of on-stage fast costume changes. Actors rapidly changed a few elements of their garment to metamorphose into a character from a different era. The costumes ideally represent every play character and their inner world. The attire in the first scene of the war, where Billy was captured, combined with the lightning represents the hotness of the weather, and simultaneously the impossibility to handle the events around. The most noticeable costume change was Billy’s attire in the final scene, where he was wearing a red suit with medals, demonstrating his glory and a long-waited recognition even if it was for a short moment. A great addition to the play is songs, each representing the mood, hopes, and dreams of the characters. The melodies complement the performance, excellently incorporated into every scene, supplementing and enhancing the experience. The symbolic song about the Chelsea football team expresses the unity of Uncle Billy and Sam, Billy the Kid and his father, Billy, and his son. The song becomes figurative to the whole family, making it a metaphor that disregarding any grievances and hardships family is always there to support, even if they are not physically present. The set, lighting, costumes, and songs perfectly intertwine and make an excellent play that helps get to know the nature of each character and excel in the experience of the audience. All these elements are well-balanced together, to the extent, where each complements the other and would not be as complete individually. For instance, the scene with the rain would not be as infused with desperation without the dark lightning, or the final scene with Billy’s triumphant moment in the red costume with the awards would not be as ceremonious without the dramatic melody. Moreover, all the enhancement elements should help the actors explore their characters more, better feel their emotions, and consequently convey it to the audience. It is vital for each actor to research and interpret their role comprehensively and the set and costumes are essential in that process. Clothes, in many ways, are the representation of a character’s inner world; their perception of the surroundings and a talented designer must be able to demonstrate it. Similarly, it is the director’s responsibility to create the atmosphere and surrounding appropriate for the play, which was perfectly incorporated in Billy the Kid. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Comparison the Poems Blackberries by Ellen Hunnicutt and August by Mary Oliver Essay Blackberries is one of the masterpieces by Ellen Hunnicutt. The poem narrates the story of a woman and her husband on their camping trip. August, on the other hand, by Mary Oliver narrates the story of a woman who speaks about picking blackberries. She compares the practice of picking berries with the act of reaching for her freedom (Pike 359). She describes herself as a bear reaching for honey. These two poems portray the position of women in the society and their specific gender roles. The first similarity between these two poems is in the use of poetic devices. The first poetic device used in the poem is metaphor. In the poem August, the author writes ‘the thick paw of my life’. This is a metaphor because it does not refer to a physical body (Pike 359). This refers to the moment, like of an animal. This is also notable in the poem by Ellen. The poet writes ‘smoothed the blanket’. This is figurative because the poet uses imagery to portray the role of women in the society. Assonance is common in these two poems. For instance, similar vowel sounds are evident in the line ‘ it has a funny taste ’. In the poem August, the line ‘ black honey of summer’ also has assonance (Pike 359). As well, blackberries in the two poems represent the duties and nature of women lives in the wider society. The poets rely on blackberries to portray different gender roles and position of women in the society. While describing the positions of women and their roles, the poems go further to present new ideas whereby women’s roles appear to change in the society (Pike 359). Ellen Hennicutt’s poem informs the reader of a wife and husband on their camping trip. The husband appears happy after venturing off to pick blackberries. While the husband is comfortable in the woods, the wife is uncomfortable because she believes that her role is in the house. Furthermore, while talking with her husband, she appears to sooth the sheet she is sitting on. This indicates her role of making a bed as a woman. Later, the wife appears to eat the berries. In the poem by Ellen, it appears that women might want to pick blackberries but it is not entirely their duty. However, it becomes clear that gender roles are beginning to change whereby women are undertaking some of the duties specifically designed for men (Pike 361). The main difference is that the poem by Oliver has five stanzas but does not follow a strict pattern. The poet uses fourteen lines for the poem, like a sonnet (Pike 359). This means that the poem does not rhyme and divides into three-line stanzas and one two-line stanza. On the other hand, Ellen Hennicutt’s poem is a free verse thus making it different from that of Mary Oliver. The poem by Ellen views women as individuals who are unable to work in the woods while Oliver’s poem presents a different position of women in the society. From this discussion, it is notable that these two poems examine the plight of women in the society. With the changing gender roles, Ellen’s poem shows how women work as housewives while the poem by Oliver presents a new sense of freedom to women (Pike 362). The use of imagery, assonance and themes make the poems similar thus examining the major issues affecting women in the society today. Works Cited Pike, David. Literature: A World of Writing . New York: Pearson Longman, 2011. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Developing More Sustainable Civil Engineering Practices Essay It is evident that numerous ongoing processes, including globalization and technical progress, imply significant changes in the sphere of civil engineering. New challenges, which are imposed by the varying working conditions, demand a new definition of a civil engineer. It could be hardly denied that the fundamentals of the profession, such as planning, designing, and maintaining various infrastructures, will continue to remain the core aspects of a civil engineer’s work. However, new responsibilities emerge from the evolving technology, and they significantly shape the image of the contemporary world. The research by Liu et al. (2015) explores the questions of system integration, which immensely influences global sustainability. This paper will reflect on the ideas from the research, aiming to retrieve possible implications for current civil engineering practices and decision-making. First of all, it is essential to observe the core idea of the research: the authors claim that numerous challenges for global sustainability are studied and managed separately in the majority of cases (Liu et al. 2015, p. 1258832). They argue that there is a considerable necessity for developing a holistic approach to the problem, which would integrate various aspects of human and natural systems, and thus it would produce an opportunity for creating sustainability solutions (Liu et al. 2015, p. 1258832). It is stated that the development of systems integration frameworks would help to understand the broader context of many current problems to influence more profound decision-making in numerous spheres, including civil engineering. Further, the authors dwell upon describing several examples of effective implementation of an integrational approach to various problems. For example, it is mentioned that the application of environmental footprint and human-nature nexus frameworks to the issue of biofuels resulted in retrieving unexpected impacts of its use (Liu et al. 2015). However, the authors observe that even though considerable progress is made in developing integrational frameworks, there is a significant demand for improvement. It is possible to observe that of the better policies, which are proposed in the research and which could be applied to the sphere of civil engineering, is the development and use of new tools for overcoming various barriers (Liu et al. 2015). It is mentioned that agent-based models could be successfully used in estimating and predicting the outcomes, caused by interdependent factors, such as the developing new infrastructures and changes in the environment. It is evident that modern civil engineers are capable of creating new electronic tools for processing significant amounts of data. Consequently, the authors suggest that the findings from integrational research can be translated into various policies and practices (Liu et al. 2015). One can hardly deny that civil engineering has an immense impact on the environment since it significantly affects several nature systems. Therefore, it is essential to consider any possible changes that could be implemented in the current civil engineering practices. Incorporating the studies of the long-term effects of developing new infrastructures on the condition of the environmental systems would help to decrease the possible adverse impact of civil engineering considerably. In conclusion, it is possible to observe that there are numerous aspects that are to be improved in modern civil engineering. The research under discussion has provided several valuable suggestions for developing a more integrational approach to global sustainability. Creating new tools for estimation and investigation of environmental risks and the implementation of scientific findings into practice would significantly benefit to effective decision-making in civil engineering. Reference List Liu, J, Mooney, H, Hull, V, Davis, S J, Gaskell, J, Hertel, T, Lubchenco, J, Seto, K C, Gleick, P, Kremen, C and Li, S 2015, ‘Systems integration for global sustainability’, Science , vol. 347, no. 6225, pp. 1258832-1258841. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning Strategy Essay Table of Contents 1. Segmentation 2. Targeting 3. Positioning 4. References The best marketing planning method is based on the mission that guides business operations. It leads to the identification of needed markets, and the structuring of precise marketing strategies and objectives for each commodity that an organization intends to present to customers. Given this, it becomes the role of the organization to create value and delivery process. The segmentation, targeting, positioning (STP3) strategy is the core of strategic marketing. This technique enables marketers to narrow their focus and effectively communicate the preferred qualities of a commodity to intended customers. A captivating marketing slogan is, therefore, the fruit of STP, coined to entice consumers into purchasing a commodity (Quinn, 2009). Segmentation According to Tuma, Decker, and Scholz (2011), segmentation of the market is an adaptive business promotion tactic. It involves the division of the customer base to pick on one or more segments of the market for target advertisements. This will enable marketers to develop particular marketing strategies that address specific market needs. Additionally, the strategy of market segmentation enables an organization to expand its competitive scope and returns. Segments may be defined by geographic, social structure, or psychographic aspects of the market. For example, commodities that college students prefer to buy may not be similar to those of youthful professionals. Young parents may be interested in different commodities than their age mates buying their personal effects (Pirinsky, & Wang, 2011). The market division may include the identification of divisions for which an organization would be more appropriate to supply by enjoying a competitive edge against market rivals, such as dropping the adaptation costs. Targeting Targeting involves the making of decisions based on the right market segments. The practice enables organizations to focus their marketing plan on the right group. For example, an organization may spot a whole group of young adults in a market segment; however, the company would probably gain more returns on its marketing efforts if the resources were channeled to a more precise group, which is more interested in a product or service being offered: for instance, marketing new brad of nappies to younger adults with children would be more positive than marketing the same item to all adults. Each segment develops different perceptions of a market commodity (Tuma, Decker, & Scholz, 2011). Positioning Quinn (2009) suggests positioning involves crafting uniqueness of a commodity to occupy the consumer’s mind. The principle of positioning, generally, revolves around establishing a mental pointer or product shortcut in the consumer’s mind. Positioning enables customers to make purchases of the same brand of product because they are used to the adequate nature of the commodity, during previous usage (Tuma, Decker, & Scholz, 2011). This strategy saves the customers the daunting task of researching to determine the better option, hence enables them to keep going for one brand. Consumers build heuristics for opting for products that please them, so marketers are forced to communicate product qualities that can match the customer’s emotional needs. A well-structured positioning strategy rings in the customer’s mind, thereby enabling him or her to go for the good being advertised instead of the ones that they do not view to be popular with them. Usually, the principle behind positioning revolves around the need to use the simplest terms possible in marketing initiatives, to enhance easy remembrance by customers References Pirinsky, C.A., & Wang, Q. (2011). Market Segmentation and the Cost of Capital in a Domestic Market: Evidence from Municipal Bonds. Financial Management, 40(2), 455-458. Quinn, L. (2009). Market segmentation in managerial practice: a qualitative examination. Journal of Marketing Management , 25(3/4), 253-272. Tuma, M.N., Decker, R., & Scholz, S.W. (2011). A survey of the challenges and pitfalls of cluster analysis application in market segmentation. International Journal of Market Research , 53(3), 391-414. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Discrimination of African Americans Coursework The racial issue remained the main problem of American society, and the Supreme Court legally secured the right of states to segregate. In the South, the Jim Crow Laws were in effect, which infringed on the rights of national minorities, and the southern society consisted of two small worlds. In the southern states, segregation intensified due to the adoption of racial laws. For example, Virginia’s Racial Integrity Act of 1924, which was passed by the Virginia General Assembly, divided American society into two parts, such as whites and people of color (Heim). This obliged to indicate in an official document the person’s origin on a racial basis and mixed marriages were prohibited. The law explicitly stated that one who does not have an impurity of other blood could be called a white person (Heim). A non-white individual was a person with a drop of African American or Native American blood. These types of legislative regulations and policies strengthened the level of discrimination to a higher degree. One world was for whites, and the other for minorities and in some areas where people of different races lived, the housing tax and rent were higher. This circumstance contributed to the emergence of criminal black regions in which poor African Americans lived. The reputation of these areas forced the whites to bypass them, and the division was present in the hiring. Promising places were given to whites, and ethnic minorities were provided with unskilled work. African American people responded in the same way to whites, and often, this caused tension in society. Thus, I believe that these changes were major contributing factors for institutionalizing racism to the core of society. The main reason is that even non-racist white people were forced to discriminate African Americans and other people of color because the law itself supported oppression. Work Cited Heim, Joe. “ How a Long-Dead White Supremacist Still Threatens the Future of Virginia’s Indian Tribes. ” The Washington Post , 2015. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ireland Republic Economy Overview Essay Ireland republic is part of the United Kingdom and has been having an economy based on farming for centuries. The republic has gone through major economic changes including globalization. 1 Globalization is the process of conversion of home or local ideas into international ones. This process is a mixture of trade and industry, scientific, socio-cultural, and political forces; it is often used to refer to trade and industry globalization that is the integration of home economies into the worldwide market during the business, wealth flow, relocation, reserves, and spread of expertise. Ireland’s republic economic history was rural oriented on grazing land and increased dispensation of foodstuffs and the sell overseas business. State-run factories existed. During the 1930s there was an economic hostility where the Irish refused to maintain paying terrain annuities. This hostility was resolved in 1938. Patriotism, later, made many of the industries which were state-run and control to be under semi-state control today. In 1960, the economy expanded. Housing, skill, and overseas direct venture were encouraged. Education was also reformed. 1 In the 1980s, Ireland was under par in Europe and was far behind its European counterparts. The republic underwent economic difficulties until the 1990s-2001when they resolved to the Celtic Tiger period. The Celtic Tiger consisted of benefits that encouraged growth and investment such as, high FDI rate, low corporate tax rates, better economic management, and new social corporation move towards industrial relations. This changed the Irish economy with the European Union pumping over 10 billion pounds into infrastructure. In 2000, the republic turned out to be one of the wealthiest nations, joblessness minimal and earnings tax rate almost half of what was in the 1980s. The Irish economy expanded by five to six percent per annum raising the economic earnings to competitive levels with other Western European states. Economic changes in Ireland have been dynamic over the decades with transformation being attributed to good governance. The introduction of foreign involvement in economic matters helped Ireland shape up to be an economic giant in the region. It was not all rosy, during the dot com economic slowdown, Ireland was not spared. The high-tech sector was affected by a minimal growth rate. This however did not last, in 2003 – 2005, growth rates got better only to suffer again in 2007. This time the effect was a result of the wider global meltdown. Consumer spending has been affected greatly. 1 This tremendous growth was admired by other European states with a growth rate of ten percent in 2000 alone. Ireland had labor shortfalls and had to import from other European countries. The Celtic tiger has gone dim since then. It was the first state to go into recession in Europe in the second quarter of 2008 with a GDP of 2.3%. The future is bleak expectations not looking good. Unemployment is skyrocketing forcing laborers to go back to their countries. Investors are also shifting to lucrative areas. Tax intake has collapsed with revenue collection dwindling. A deficit has been noted to be growing and measures to curb it are advised by the European Commission. 1 A country like Ireland has enjoyed exponential growth that relied on global business and investments. This heavily impacted the economy positively giving an impression of the place to be. Investors in the information and communication technology sector saw Ireland as a green zone, putting investments in the country. The laws were conducive and attractive. 1 The Celtic Tiger governance style is good but it lacks a solid foundation. Most of the growth was brought about by foreign investment. A base should have been created to transfer technology and create homegrown products that can be developed and exported. The style of governance is best for growing an economy fast, what it lacks are pillars that can support it during such times as recessions. Evidence is seen when Ireland was noted as the first state to enter into a recession. The economy shared in the global market and heavily depended on it for its development and growth. Predictions are now showing a further decline. These statistics should have been foreseen. The information technology investors came as a result of the accommodating laws. Those who analyzed the future of Ireland’s economy should have looked at the economic history of the island. From as early as the 1930s, economic hardships were created by unforeseen circumstances. This can be classified as a volatile economy. The country needs laws that can survive and have a cushion for tough economic times. Developed economies spread their risks by having multiple industries that are independent and sometimes dependent. This mixture of the economy gives it a support structure such that, when one area is showing signs of difficulty, the other remaining areas are encouraged to grow. This is done by issuing incentives and markets for the produce. In an economy that grows very fast, sharing of risks is recommended. This method keeps the budget together even though not where it was. Finally, the Celtic Tiger was a good way to jump-start the economy, it is the global focus that was not put under scrutiny. Works cited Smith Nicola Jo-Anne. Showcasing globalization.2006 Manchester U Press ISBN-13: 978-0719069932. Footnotes 1. Smith Nicola Jo-Anne. Showcasing globalization. Manchester U Press 2006 ISBN-13: 978-0719069932. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Advertising Campaign for a Spray Essay The aim of the advertising campaign is to launch a high quality perfume in an English speaking nation. The perfume has all the qualities that are sure to attract the target clients who are young people between the ages of 25 and 40. The product is however new in the market and hence the need to market it. There are three advertising media that should be used to ensure the targeted consumers are reached. The best media that will be considered for the product include televisions, fashion magazines and neon billboards. These are the most strategic points that will ensure maximum exposure of the product. The key advertising message of the perfume is to let them know that it will have a good value for their money and that it is sure to grant them the refreshment that they have always desired. The use of a famous personality in the advertising process will tell people much about the product. The company that is involved in the manufacture of the perfume is also reputable and has gained goodwill in other nations. The kind of advertisement that will be used will play a role of boosting its popularity among the people. Unique selling points of the advertisement will be to catch the attention of the audience and leave an impression within their mind that will make them search for the products. The advertisement is meant to leave a lasting impression in the minds of the audience which will lure them to try the product. Since the quality of the product is guaranteed, the advertisement will mainly aim at making them have a taste of it. The television advertisement will be accompanied by a demonstration that is meant to show the audience how convenient the product is to use. The uniqueness of the product will also be revealed through various ingredients that have been used to enhance the odor of the body. The use of neon billboards that will be placed at strategic junctions in the city will also be a good strategy that will ensure that the products gets the exposure that it needs. Being a new product in they market, the young people who are always looking forward to obtaining the latest and unique products will glance at it and ultimately be attracted to it. The target group is also attracted to fashion magazines which will also be part of the strategy that will be used to market it. The choice of the magazines to place the advertisements will be the one frequently bought by the target group which will enhance its popularity. In launching the product, there will be some sales demonstrations that will be accompanied by free samples to act as a guarantee to the potential consumers that what they are being granted is worth their money. Collaboration will be done by other local companies that deal in products that the target consumers buy most. The free samples of the perfume will be attached to the products. This will ensure that the consumers use the products which will in turn attract them and probably develop a loyalty for them. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Old Friends” by Tracy Kidder Essay Joe Torchio is a seventy-two-year-old patient at Linda Manor, a nursing home. Joe has had a very tough life which turned him into a pessimist. He used to be a brilliant student and became a lawyer but was never quite happy with his job. He developed labile disease at the age of 54 because of which he frequently gets strokes. The concept of his role is to highlight the fact that it’s never too late to do what you’ve always wanted to do. He never truly got the happiness of being a father as his son died of leukemia and his daughter was born a retard. He also has a troubled relationship with his wife and was never able to tell her his true feelings. While Lou has a more positive outlook on life, Joe provides a more realistic view, balancing any extreme conclusions in the book. The character of Joe is an important one because it represents people who fail to find true happiness in life and get so caught up in their lives socially that they’re unable to enjoy little moments of joy. Joe was able to realize that he needs to tell his wife that he loves her with the help of his friend Lou. The relationship of staff with patients is a typical one. They treat their patients like parents treat their children, instruct them like children are instructed by their parents to not do something or to eat on time. The only difference is that patients are not loved by the staff like children are loved by their parents. There is no bond between them. They are so emotionally disconnected that even the death of a patient has no effect on them. In fact, a death of a patient only means one less patient to give breakfast to. In the manor, the staff seems to be socially detached. However, the relationship of patients with each other is strong. They know about each other and care for each other. They have formed their own little society. They socialize with each other and try not to intrude on someone’s matter. The most prominent example of this is the friendship of Lou and Joe. All the patients socialize with each other in their little society. They all have developed their own set of social norms which they follow. They avoid getting involved in each other’s matters. They all come to terms with each patient’s illness with time. They learn the values and norms of the nursing home gradually with time. The wives and children of the patients are heavily influenced by societal norms. Although we consider leaving the elderly alone in some nursing homes to be morally incorrect, many people do it anyway. This in turn poses a conflict between social norms and our personal beliefs. Parents spend their whole life looking after their children, and when the time comes that they can no longer care for themselves, they are left in the nursing home alone. The families too add the pressure to either leave the parents or to keep them, making it hard for the individual to make a decision. The sociological factors have a great influence on the family of the patients and influence their behavior and decision-making. Their decisions then no longer remain emotional but become social instead. Lou’s daughter was going through the same dilemma. Earl’s wife, on the other hand, did not want to take him home with her because of his mental instability. She had an internal conflict going on making it hard for her to decide what to do. We feel ambivalent toward her actions because of this conflict. What she is doing may be morally wrong but her conflict is genuine and felt by the reader which makes it hard for the reader to label her actions strictly as morally wrong or socially correct. Ideally, we would always want to keep our parents and loved ones with us and that is something which would be socially appreciated, but in the real world, things are a little different. Everyone can’t keep their parents with them. The reason could be anything from social to personal. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Digital Technology Promotion by the United Nations Essay Today, digital technology needs to be seen as a key priority in the development agenda after 2015. Skillful use of the Internet and digital technologies can become an important driving force for economic growth and development. For all countries of the world to enter the digital age, a strong state policy and an exchange of best practices are needed. The UN makes all the needed steps to get ready for the digital age. One of the most important indicators of the activities of international organizations is the activation of their participation in the development, transfer, and diffusion of the most modern technologies for progress. In this process, the UN agency system plays a significant role in the latest developments in the field of alternative energy, biotechnology, space and information and communication technologies (ICT). Owing to the activity of the United Nations and its main bodies, an array of international law emerged that consolidated the international legal obligations of states, international organizations in the international scientific and technological cooperation sphere (United Nations General Assembly, 2013). One of the high technologies that transformed the modern world is ICT. Information technologies and means of delivery spur revolutionary changes in international relations. New opportunities are opened by the use of ICT for the development of states, regions, the world as a whole. This circumstance is at the center of the attention of the UN, pursuing a global policy to facilitate the benefits of using ICT across the planet. The means of achieving this goal is the creation of favorable conditions for cooperation at the global level for the transmission of ICT. Information and communication technologies can provide new solutions to problems In particular in the context of globalization and can contribute to accelerating economic growth, increasing competitiveness, increasing access to information and knowledge, eradicating poverty and ensuring social cohesion. ICT can be considered as one of the main generators of increasing the income of states by increasing labor productivity and reducing costs. All this creates conditions for the integration of all countries, including developing countries, into the world economy (United Nations General Assembly, 2013). One of the main objectives of the work of the UN agencies in the field of ICT is to overcome the digital divide. The digital divide is a practical problem requiring immediate resolution. The overall gap in the level of use of digital technologies between developed and developing countries is just one of the aspects of this problem. There are other aspects of the gap in the access and use of ICT – between urban and rural areas in developing states, between men and women. The universal access policy is the way to solve the problem of endogenous discontinuities. The prospects for solving the poverty reduction problem on a global scale become quite real if the poor themselves have at their disposal and use such a development tool as ICT. For the states of the developing world, the most relevant at present is the gender perspective in the use of ICT. This means the acquisition of additional content by gender. The gender gap is an integral part of the digital divide. Overcoming it involves the need for efforts to ensure the full participation of women in the information society, access to new ICT. The United Nations encourages progress in the field of ICT and the diffusion of these technologies, following its main objective – promoting development on a global scale. All countries need to master knowledge and technology. These efforts correlate with the struggle for the establishment of a fair character of the information, economic and technological order in the modern world. This objective is achieved through the provision of technical, advisory and financial assistance, as well as through the development of modern international law and the effectiveness of its instruments. As a result, it can be confidently asserted that the UN is not only ready for the digital age but also actively takes various actions to promote new digital technologies. Reference United Nations General Assembly. (2013). A life of dignity for all: Accelerating process towards the millennium development goals and advancing the United Nations development agenda beyond 2015 (GSR Publication No. A/68/202). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Mary Wollstonecraft’s Achievements in Struggles for Gender Equality Synthesis Essay The article highlights struggles which female icons had to go through in the past as they advocated for gender equality. The article highlights Mary Wollstonecraft’s achievements, a British writer who was a strong defender of women’s rights. She was a strong advocate for female emancipation in Britain and other parts of Europe. The article reveals how she experienced domestic violence and depression, which strengthened her resolve to fight against gender injustices. She was among the first crop of feminists who used their writing skills to fight against gender inequality, in a patriarchal society in the eighteenth century. She made many women realize the importance of challenging oppressive systems that made it difficult for them to achieve their dreams (Zellinger, 2012, p.23). She encouraged women to be more independent, which enabled them to work hard to overcome repressive situations. First wave feminists advocated for women to be granted the right to vote in the U.S. They wanted to influence political governance systems to make them more involved in crucial public affairs. They advocated for gender equality in all spheres of life to allow women to access all opportunities in societies they lived. Their efforts made it possible for future generations of women to enjoy more freedoms, even though they had to overcome a lot of challenges. Frances “Fanny” Wright argued that men stood to benefit more if they allowed gender equality to take root. She advanced the notion that men need women who are more enlightened to bring more progress and prosperity to the society (Zellinger, 2012, pp. 26-27). Together with Sojourner Truth, she spoke out against slavery and other acts that justified sexist attitudes against women in the eighteenth century. First wave feminists played important roles which helped to improve the lives of other women in different societies. Susan B. Anthony encouraged women to vote by registering as a voter in the U.S, an act that resulted in her imprisonment. Voting rights were crucial in helping women participate effectively in various political issues that affected them directly. Anthony together with other suffrage advocates argued that equal voting rights for women would help them scrutinize political candidates running for different leadership positions. Their persistent pressure made the U.S. government to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment of 1920, which granted women the right to vote. This milestone paved the way for more gender reforms in the country that improved the lives of many women (Zellinger, 2012, p. 29). It had taken more than 100 years before the U.S. government allowed women to participate in universal suffrage. First wave feminists also advocated for equal education opportunities for both boys and girls. Many girls were unable to go to school which made it difficult for them to realize their true potential. At that time, women’s roles were mostly domestic which made most men to argue that education was not necessary for them. Frederick Douglas, a freed slave, was among visionary black men that advocated for gender equality in the nineteenth century (Zellinger, 2012, pp. 30-31). Douglas was a notable advocate for women’s rights because he had witnessed the evils of living in a society where racial and gender inequality was used to justify unlawful acts. Sarah and Angelina Grimke were among the few women that were allowed to study by their parents in the nineteenth century. Some feminists advocated for women to be given full reproductive rights, to give them more control over their own bodies. Margaret Sanger advocated for increased sex education, to allow women access to contraceptives to regulate their reproductive functions. She encouraged women to practice birth control to enable them conceive fewer children. She was among the first feminists to make women understand that motherhood places an extra burden on a woman, which makes it difficult for her to achieve personal dreams (Zellinger, 2012, p. 34). The Married Women’s Act of 1848 was one of the key milestones achieved through first wave feminism. The act granted women rights to own property in the state of New York, with or without the consent of their husbands. This law made it possible for more women to own property as individuals which encouraged them to participate in meaningful economic activities. The article chronicles different milestones achieved by various feminists which brought about gender equality. Their efforts enabled women from all backgrounds enjoy more freedoms in a society dominated by masculine ideals. The article shows how first wave feminists inspired generations of young women who were born many years after them to value themselves as equal human beings. The article shows how these feminists challenged stereotypes perpetuated by masculine systems that made it difficult for women to advance. Their efforts brought positive changes in different societies which allowed women to compete on an equal footing with men. However, the article’s author uses a lot of profanity to convey her arguments which undermines the accomplishments made by first wave feminists. The tone and writing style used by the author is confrontational, which waters down the importance of the message conveyed to readers. Reference Zellinger, J. (2012). A little f’d up: Why feminism is not a dirty word. Berkeley, CA: Seal Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Major Grievances of American People Expressed in Major Documents of the Nation Expository Essay Nowadays it is one of the universal laws that all people are equal and have basic rights and freedoms. However, those who lived in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries had to struggle for this universal law. Thus, American people tried to gain freedom from British crown which deprived the states of many rights. Notably, four major grievances of American people were expressed in their major documents. American people tried to put an end to British unjust rule which was largely revealed in the colonist’s attempts to oppress the colony politically and economically. It is possible to consider four major grievances which are revealed in the Bill of Rights and American Constitution. In the first place, Americans were against British attempts to intervene in internal affairs of the states. In the Declaration of Independence it is stated that the King of Great Britain “forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance” without his consent. However, it is also said, he postponed discussion of any laws. Apart from this British power posed many taxes which were thought to be unlawful. Another grievance of American people was concerned with economical pressure: British were accused of “cutting off” “Trade with all parts of the world” (Declaration of Independence). Finally, Americans were against the ongoing practice to try colonists in Great Britain since only people of the same state could judge people who were accused of some crime. These major grievances were revealed in the most important documents of the new independent state. Therefore, the United States of America has a constitution which secures the basic rights of American people. The first grievance concerning legislature was solved: according to the Constitution of the US the government consists of citizens of the USA (Article I, Section 2 and Section 3). Therefore, people of the state are responsible for their actions and can enact laws which they consider to be necessary. This longing to be free from any external unjust power is expressed in the Preamble of the Constitution it is said that “the People” “to form a more perfect Union… and secure the Blessings of Liberty… establish” the US Constitution. As far as the grievance concerning taxes is concerned it is reveled in Article I (Section 8) of the US Constitution. It is said that Congress (which is constituted by citizens of the state) is responsible for laying and collecting taxes. Therefore, American people decide themselves whether they need this or that tax. As far as “Trade” with other countries is concerned according to the US Constitution (Article I, Section 8) Congress has power to “regulate Commerce with foreign Nations”. Thus, the third major grievance of Americans struggling against British crown is also addressed to in the main document of the country. Finally, Americans also solved the issue concerning trials over the citizens of the country. According to the US Constitution (Article III, Section 2) trials of crimes “shall be by Jury” and shall be “held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed”. Therefore, Americans managed to address all their grievances when creating the main law of the country. On balance, it is possible to point out that the major grievances of the Americans after the revolution were British interference in the internal affairs (legislature, trials, taxes and trade with other nations). All these concerns can be traced in the Constitution of the United States. Thus, Americans knew exactly what freedom meant and created the Constitution which secured all major rights of people living in a free country. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Inspiration of “Diamonds” Song by Rihanna Research Paper Elements Diamonds by Rihanna was first heard on Elvis Duran Show on September 26, 2012, availed for online download an hour after being released to the public, and was released as the album’s lead single the following day. Sia wrote the song for Rihanna, who holds the song’s copyrights and worked on it a year prior; therefore, the song is owned by an independent contractor (Anggraini 12). Unapologetic is Barbadian artist Rihanna’s seventh studio album, and the song “Diamonds” appears on it (Anggraini 7). Using Sia’s demo vocals as a guide, Rihanna imitated her inflections to the precise tiniest detail. It was only after Benny Blanco heard the finished track to the Australian songwriter did, she realize the vocals belonged to her alone. Inspiration In Diamonds , Rihanna contemplated the existence of both love and diamonds: “Yellow diamonds in the light. To make things even more awkward, we’re standing next to each other. You cross my path as your shadow does.” The diamonds in the song symbolize a silver lining that illustrates the chance for a better future and happier days among dark and depressing days. The song made me think about all the possibilities available when things do not turn out to be as I expected. I also chose the song because its presentation, which was both positive and hopeful, and I am always in a good mood when I listen to it. It is also quite inspirational because it encourages listeners to love themselves. Since its launch, the song has won multiple awards and has enjoyed massive success for years. For Rihanna’s career, the song gave a great boost because it was quite catchy and everyone could recognize it from the very first minutes of it playing. Work Cited Anggraini, Reni Herlita. Figurative Language in Rihanna’s Songs Lyrics . 2017. Thesis. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main Themes 3. Discussion 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment occurred due to a wide range of cultural and intellectual transformations by European thinkers, in particular, and societies, in general, that allowed them to find structured approaches to conceptualizing and exploring the natural world. The radical reorientation of political and philosophic worldviews channeled by learned individuals such as Kuhn, Newton, and Locke led to the large-scale accumulation of knowledge and experience aided by rational questioning (Wiesner-Hanks 366-367). This paper aims to discuss the Scientific Revolution and Age of Reason and their implications for the cultural, political, economic, and social lives of Europeans. Main Themes The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe were intellectually tumultuous times during which old approaches to the exploration and explanation of the world were gradually displaced by the succession of independent thinkers (Wiesner-Hanks 366-369). The philosophers of the Enlightenment searched for order in the natural sciences and tried to apply principles and methods discovered in it to social sciences, thereby achieving intellectual liberation (Wiesner-Hanks 367). Writings of a French mathematician Rene Descartes exemplify the application of mathematical rigor to the interpretation of the reality. The mathematician was firm in his conviction that every phenomenon or piece of information that is regarded as truth should be subjected to rigorous scrutiny that presupposes “long chains of reasoning” (qtd. in Brians et al. 78). Works of a French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau help to understand why the transformation of European thought has initiated far-reaching political changes. The philosopher rejects the violation of natural liberties and writes that “the general will alone may direct the forces of the State to achieve the goal for which it was founded, the common good” (Rousseau 244). The intellectual movements later dubbed as the Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment resulted in the development of the public sphere in which individuals from different academic and social backgrounds debated new theories and exchanged ideas. The emergence of shared spaces open to scientific debate contributed to the propagation of the inquiring spirit of the era, which helped to shape the cultures of many European states. Public opinion mirrored tastes of intellectual elites; therefore, middle-class households, which were becoming increasingly wealthier in the eighteenth century, purchased pieces of art that were deemed as worthy by connoisseurs sponsored by aristocratic patrons (Wiesner-Hanks 372). In addition to changing the public perception of arts, the Enlightenment also changed people’s views on religion, politics, knowledge, and the natural world, among others. Discussion When analyzing the influence of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment on European life, one cannot help but notice that the era transformed the scientific and cultural arenas in equal measure. Although they are seemingly contrasting areas of human endeavor, the intellectual movements of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were equally brazen in destroying their lingering tenets and dogmas. Thus, the question might arise whether the scientific and artistic structures of the pre-Enlightenment era were built on the ground that was particularly prone to erosion? To answer this question, it is necessary to consider their basic qualities. Art in the seventeenth century was preoccupied with the aggrandizement of both religious and secular rulers. Fussy and decorative curved forms of palaces were built to emphasize monarchs’ achievements. Ornate ecclesiastical paintings were produced to elevate the Catholic Church. Instead of looking for new ways of artistic expression, architects, painters, dramaturgs, and composers were utilizing orthodox methods. However, the revolutionary vision of the new era imbued artists of the following centuries with the desire to abandon the beaten path. It means that the artistic structure that had been underpinned by the rigidity of the tradition was not shatterproof. The scientific desire to unearth new patterns overflowed the lecture halls of academia and changed the cultural vocabulary of Europe. The intermingling of inquiring minds from the opposite ends of the creative spectrum produced the biggest change in the world outlook previously known to humanity. The forceful abandonment of long-standing beliefs and the desire to question everything marked the arrival of the new era in human history. Continental thinkers such as Rousseau and Descartes helped to free the concept of knowledge from its religious overtones that marred it for millennia. Thus, it can be argued that ostensibly contradictory drives towards the accumulation of information in science and the renunciation of knowledge in art, which started in the eighteenth century, both originated from the same place. The two movements stemmed from the desire to disengage from old structures and authorities. A corollary was that people had to build new power structures. Therefore, the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment served simultaneously as ushers and drivers of the new age. Conclusion The paper has discussed the transformation of the nature of knowledge that occurred during the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. It has been argued that the abandonment of the theological framework as an instrument for analyzing the reality shifted many tectonic plates of the Western Culture, which led to the consequential changes in science, art, politics, and philosophy. The emergence of new ideas resulted in societal metamorphoses that made impossible the existence of old explanations of reality and man. Works Cited Brians, Paul, et al. editors. Reading About the World . Vol. 1, 3rd ed., Harcourt Brace Custom Books, 1999. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Contrat Social ou Principes du Droit Politique . Translated by Henry A. Myers, Garnier Freres, 1800. Wiesner-Hanks, Merry. Early Modern Europe: 1450-1789 . Cambridge University Press, 2006. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Maintaining Ethical Standards at the Workplace Essay (Critical Writing) Every organization needs a standard of ethics to operate successfully. The organization must have a leadership that is concerned about its ethics. It must allow the workers to practice the organization’s values in a free environment. The paper would discuss the best way to come up with and implement ethics in organizations. The US Army War College Report Leonard Wong and Stephen Gerras conducted a study concerning US Army values and ethical culture. The results proved that there had been a considerable level of dishonesty to the regulations and the leadership of the army. The military officers were giving false information to their superiors because they thought that the situation on the ground did not allow them time to present reports as requested. They also thought that it was for the greater good to lie about certain information. Another reason was that they feared the repercussions of telling the truth especially about their medical condition (Paliwal, 2006). The leadership of the army and the entire military department has been developing new rules while holding onto the previous regulations. The numerous demands and requirements from superiors have weighed down on the soldiers. The leadership needs to review its policy and find an amicable way to consolidate the regulations and simplify them for the army officers. They have not been keen to check the kind of rules they come up with and how effective and efficient they have been. They also made the rules without first analyzing some of them with the officers (Millar & Poole, 2011). The leadership should address the matter since the military works on trust and honesty as some of the fundamental values. If there is no trust from the bottom up, then there would be no rule of law. It would develop into infighting and may ruin the image of the force. They can be compromised on the battlefields if they cannot rely on each other for valid information. All the military men and women have to respect their superiors and follow the law to the letter. The ones who certify false reports and the officers who condone the same should become responsible for their actions (Mendonca & Kanungo, 2007). The ones issuing impossible commands are only doing so to receive information so that they can use it to manage the situation they have at hand. It is also laid out in the rulebook. The top leadership of the army needs to redefine the meaning of ethics. As long as they still operate under the current rules, they need to punish the offenders. They also need to re-strategize the way they formulate the rules and regulations. The rules must also adhere to the conditions of the environment. For instance, the army officers in the battlefields might not have the luxury of making similar reports to those in a peaceful environment (Gavai, 2010). Business Ethics Ethics is all about the moral conduct of society and individuals. In leadership, it is about the leader’s character, actions, and behaviors. It is a requirement for social and business networking activities (Paliwal, 2006). The society has a standard for measuring ethical behavior. Organizations should have laid down regulations to enhance moral standing. Many companies and businesses have a primary interest in making profits. The owners build them with the aim of growing them to larger holdings through market expansion and business growth. However, the leaders have to make particular decisions that concern the business’ right attributes (Gavai, 2010). They have to decide whether to stick to rules and regulations or make the profit for the company and its owners. McDonald developed a business strategy of promoting its foodstuffs by offering free toys to children. By so doing it made significant sales among the children (Gavai, 2010). The type of foods the company was promoting included sugar, soda and fatty meals like the chips. It ignited debate from the health and Non-Governmental Organizations. Their defense was that parents had the right to make the choice for their children. McDonald had varieties to choose from while parents were supposed to advise their children on what was healthy for them. One of the critiques was that children are not able to make wise judgments up until they are in their 20s (Millar & Poole, 2011). A key manufacturer used to sell keys master keys for automobiles to mail-order customers. Some of his buyer’s would-be thieves who would steal other people’s cars. His defense was that he had not broken any law (Mendonca & Kanungo, 2007). The law did not hinder him from selling keys to anyone who ordered for his services. He could not, therefore, have the capacity to know if the buyers were thieves. He regarded himself as ethical as any other business person. Business people do not make laws but obey them. As long as they do not break the rules but can make a profit they feel that they have no problem. But business bluffing is not ethical. Sometimes it affects the lives of other people. All companies should set and practice ethical standards at their workplaces whether it is legally protected or not. References Gavai, A. (2010). Business ethics . Mumbai, India: Himalaya Publishing. House. Web. Mendonca, M., & Kanungo, R. (2007). Ethical leadership . Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill/Open University Press. Web. Millar, C., & Poole, E. (2011). Ethical leadership . Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Web. Paliwal, M. (2006). Business ethics . New Delhi: New Age International. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Steps for business purchase Report Introduction The growth of MahmoudCo has not been matched by growth in its software hence creating a disparity, which negatively affects the business operations. Before embarking into any purchase, different considerations have to be made in order to determine whether the company is operating optimally in the provision of goods and services. Identification of the business need Before management undertakes the purchase of a product, there is a need to conduct a review of all company needs in order to identify where weaknesses lie. The needs can either be presented by employees or identified by management while reviewing company goals and employee performances. Sami, an accountant encounters problems and alerts the head accountant (Simsim T). Consequently, Mr Khalil who owns the company becomes aware of the problems. Determining a budget A budget is a critical tool that is constantly referred to as it is the blueprint to all company spending plans. In the case study above, Mr Khalil dislikes spending money and also underpays his staff as is evident with Sami. This portrays a business environment that has a rigid plan Selecting the purchasing team In this case, the marketing department has been given the responsibility by the company owner to come up with a viable option that will address all the problem areas as pointed out by Sami. In doing so, they may as well consider other aspects arising from the software problems that may have not been pointed out by the complainant and have a possibility of occurring in the future. Product specifications The accounting software needed by MahmoudCo must first be able to read both Hirji and Gregorian calendars as this will make it easier to do accounts for the different branches in different countries. Secondly, the software should allow for different security levels to make sure that junior accountants do no have access work from their senior counterparts. Lastly, the software should be able to automatically convert currencies in its calculations making the accountants’ work easier. Searching for options In the specifications given, there are three choices that meet the criteria given. Different channels e.g. internet are used to come up with different options (Kotler, 2003, p. 47). The first option is OpenERP which is multi-business, multi-currency, has calendar options and can be customized by the user giving different security levels. It is also web based and can therefore be accessed in many places. The second is ApacheOFBiz which has many qualities similar to those of OpenERP, including currencies and security levels. The difference is that this option does not have the option of different calendars but is however highly rated due to its track record and reliable use around the world. The third is PostBooks created by xTuple and which supports multi-currency and multi-language capabilities but without the option of a calendar too and is for small businesses. It is also can be customized by the client making it secure at different levels. Evaluation of options In this case, OpenERP is the best option because apart from having the basic qualities as outlined by the company, it has flexible workflows, can be used together with OpenOffice, has a dynamic Graphic User Interface and can be started with the basic components and others integrated as the company grows (Pinckaers & Gardiner, 2009, p. 490). It is also the best option because it can be purchased in bits. Therefore, the most basic components that are required by the company can first be purchased and additions later included. Purchasing the product Mr Khalil’s consent is paramount here, followed by contacting the vendor in order to acquire the software. As the software can be purchased in bits, the company will determine which components will be most basic and those that can later be added. The mode of payment too is decided at this level. Re-evaluation of the purchase It is paramount to follow up on the purchase to determine whether it is serving the intended purpose by getting feedback from the employees who are using it (Finch, 2001, p. 18). References Finch, J. (2001). The essentials of marketing principles . New Jersey: Research & Education Association Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing insights from A to Z: 80 concepts every manager needs to know . New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc Pinckaers, F. & Gardiner, G. (2009). OpenERP for Retail and Industrial Management. (1st ed.). Open Object Press | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
New York Doctor Tests Positive for Ebola Essay Article Summary An American doctor by the name Craig Spencer tested positive for Ebola after returning from West Africa. Spencer was working in Africa whereby he treated different Ebola patients. Craig Spencer was working in West Africa with Doctors Without Borders (DWB). The positive test caused a lot of concern in the country. The New York Government “was also scrutinizing every individual who had interacted with Spencer in an attempt to deal with the disease” (Sullivan & Ferris, 2014, p. 1). The article also explains how different New York officials began to prepare for the crisis. According to the article, the government was also identifying new measures to treat every Ebola patient in the country. The government also sent specialized teams from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) to New York. The American government was also undertaking new measures in order to deal with the disease. The government “was monitoring every traveler from Ebola hit regions for a period of three weeks” (Sullivan & Ferris, 2014, p. 2). According to Sullivan and Ferris (2014, p. 2), “over 9,200 Ebola cases had been confirmed in eight nations across the globe”. The highly hit nations “included Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia” (Sullivan & Ferris, 2014, p. 2). Relevance to Global Health Policy The world is currently unable to deal with the problem of Ebola. The U.S. government has identified new measures and strategies that can address this global crisis ( Ebola Characteristics, 2014). The article explains why the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international agencies s0.hould produce new treatment regimes for Ebola. Every government “should promote the best health practices and control measures” (Sullivan & Ferris, 2014, p. 1). The United Nations (UN) should revisit its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in order to deal with this threat. New researches will make it easier for the globe to support every country affected by this disease. Reference List Ebola Characteristics and Comparisons to Other Infectious Diseases. (2014). Web. Sullivan, P., & Ferris, S. (2014). New York Doctor Tests Positive for Ebola . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
OMAHA System diagnosis : Children with excessive body weight and preventable health conditions like coronary heart disease and diabetes, and minimal knowledge of their health condition but with potential for improving their knowledge and management of the disease; this potential is related to the ability to acquire and process new knowledge and the presence of medical and public health services providing relevant health information. Long-term goal : By January 1, 2012, members of the Gahanna community will develop better knowledge and awareness of obesity, its effects on health, and resources available for reducing excessive weight and the scope of obesity complications. Awareness of health resources in the Gahanna community will increase by fifteen percent. Short-term goal : The Gahanna health care center will develop and implement a school-based counseling session led by health professionals and community residents (key informants) to educate community residents about resources available for reducing and preventing excessive body weight and related health complications. The session will begin on June 1, 2011. Health professionals will engage parents with obese children in physical exercise programs. Interventions . PRIMARY PREVENTION: health professionals and community residents will present and share information about resources available for reducing excessive weight and related complications. Information about the risks and symptoms of obesity and its effects on children’s health will be presented. Health professionals will hand out information to the audience with recommendations for diet and lifestyle improvements. SECONDARY PREVENTION: Parents with obese children will be invited to participate in physical activity classes. Rationale : (1) school-based programs have proved to be a critical driver of positive behavioral changes, because of “near-universal enrollment and the potential to affect behaviors of children that track into adolescence and adulthood” (Dietz & Gortmaker, 2001, p.346); (2) “parental involvement in obesity prevention and treatment programs is key to the development of a psychosocial environment that promotes healthy eating and physical activity among young people” (Story, 1999, p.S49). Nursing Diagnoses for Elderly at Risk NANDA Diagnosis : Chronic confusion related to neuronal degeneration as evidenced by short-term memory loss, depression, and impaired socialization. OMAHA System Diagnosis : Senior citizens with clinical signs of neuronal degeneration further accompanied by memory loss, depression, and impaired socialization, with impaired ability to develop relevant knowledge of their health condition but the presence of numerous agencies and health care centers providing mental health care. Long-term goal : By January 1, 2012, members of the Gahanna community will develop better knowledge and awareness of Alzheimer’s disease and resources available for preventing and caring for elderly residents with Alzheimer’s. Community awareness will increase by twenty percent. Short-term goal : The Woods at Parkside and Gahanna Counseling LLC will develop a counseling intervention program to educate community members about resources available for preventing Alzheimer’s in elderly people and caring for elderly community members with neurological degeneration. Health professionals and community residents will distribute handouts to the audience, with recommendations to monitor blood pressure, heart failure, and anemia in elderly people. Elderly community members with Alzheimer’s will be encouraged to participate in physical exercise programs. The session will begin on June 1, 2011. Interventions . PRIMARY INTERVENTION: health professionals and community residents will present and share knowledge about resources available for preventing Alzheimer’s in elderly residents, including blood pressure monitoring. SECONDARY PREVENTION: elderly community members with Alzheimer’s will be encouraged to participate in physical exercise programs. Rationale: (1) Monitoring and managing blood pressure, anemia, and the risks of heart failure leading to chronic hypoxia in the brain can successfully reduce the risks of neurological degeneration in elderly people (Fratiglioni, Winblad & Strauss, 2007, p.102); (2) Research findings suggest that behavioral approaches like physical training play an important role in treating depression and dysphoric mood in elderly residents with Alzheimer’s (Williams & Tappen, 2008, p.78). References Dietz, W.H. & Gortmaker, S.L. (2001). Preventing obesity in children and adolescents. Annual Review of Public Health, 22, 337-53. Fratiglioni, L., Winblad, B. & Strauss, E. (2008). Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Major findings from the Kungsholmen Project. Physiology & Behavior, 92, 98-104. Story, M. (1999). School-based approaches for preventing and treating obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 23(2), S43-S51. Williams, C.L. & Tappen, R.M. (2008). Exercise training for depressed older adults with Alzheimer’s disease. Aging & Mental Health, 12(1), 72-80. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Essay Introduction The original makers of the internet did not intend it to be a place where business transactions would take place. However, many businesses have turned to the internet as a means of conducting financial transactions and advertising given its ease of access. With money changing hands so easily over the internet, thieves are constantly coming up with ways of stealing crucial information like credit card numbers and other personal information. Therefore, the big question remains; is the internet safe for any business transaction? It could be, but the involved parties must take all the necessary precautions to prevent internet fraud on its part as well as their customer’s. Risks Involved There are numerous risks for business especially small ones that choose to transact online. One such risk is identity theft, this is the crime involved when a person steals another’s personal identification information be it their credit card number, social security number or their ATM PIN (Miller, 2008, p.3). The stolen information can then be used against the victim as a means of blackmail, for industrial espionage or even to gain access to his or her financial accounts. Tactics used in executing identity theft are important to understand as they form the basis of creating adequate security while online. They include phishing where one is mislead by genuine looking sites to give away personal information, Spyware which are small program hidden and running in the computer that gives away one’s information and even hacking where the criminal hacks into your system and steals your information (Baskin & Piltzecker, 2006, p.80). The others are email interception and wi-fi data sniffing especially in public hotspots. The other risk is tampering where the victim has his data compromised through various means such as viruses, worms, Trojans or even directly. This can be used by a competitor to destroy the reputation of the victim or simply gain advantage over him or her in business. In light of these risks, it is important to take necessary precautions to prevent internet fraud. Solutions There are several precautions one can take to safeguard themselves against online attacks. For a business considering going online the first thing should be to understand their security concerns then come up with a security plan (Reuvid, 2005, p. 4). The next thing should be to ensure the computers are well protected using regularly updated anti-virus and anti-spyware programs. In addition, having a firewall is essential in blocking most of the hackers and unwanted sites. Even though these might be expensive to implement a small to medium business cannot afford the loss that they prevent. Another precaution that cannot be overemphasized is the use of passwords, these should be long (about eight characters) and consist of numbers, lower and uppercase letters and special characters (Sinclair, 2007, p.264). Dictionary words are insecure as programs exist to reveal such passwords. Finally, when browsing the internet: Do not follow links given in emails even if they seem genuine and do not download files and applications from suspicious websites. A security plan that takes all these precautions into considerations should be adhered to strictly. Conclusion Online threats to businesses are a reality but also is the technology that has been developed to counter it. I think that since all businesses involve risks then there is no point being deterred from going online just because of the threats involved. Businesses need to develop a plausible security for the success of online transactions with limited risks. Reference List Baskin, B., & Piltzecker, T. (2006). Combating Spyware in the Enterprise. Rockland: Syngress Publishers. Miller, M. (2008). Is It Safe? : Protecting Your Computer, Your Business, and Yourself Online. New York: Que Publishing. Reuvid, J. (2005). The Secure Online Business Handbook:. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Sinclair, J. T. (2007). EBay Business the Smart Way: Maximize your Profits on the Web’s #1 Auction Site. New York: AMACOM publishers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Costco 2. Amazon.com 3. Topic selected for research 4. References Costco Costco is a wholesale corporation with headquarters in Washington. It was founded by Brotman and Sinegal in 1983 under the name Price Club. It is the second largest retail store in the world after the Wal-Mart stores. Before becoming an independent company, it had partnerships with two different corporations namely Wal-Mart and the Club Price. In 1997, the founders saw the need of working alone so as to get an opportunity to think strategically on how best to expand their business. This followed the confusion which had characterized its mergers with other partners (Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2013). One of its unique features is that it is one of the few companies which have experienced an uninterpreted growth since their formation. For a period of six years, the company saw its assets grow to hit the $ 3 billion mark in 2003. In the last financial year, the company’s total sales were valued at $97 billion. Its main competitors in the warehouse business are the BJs and the Sam’s clubs. It currently employs over 170, 000 employees both in part time and full time basis. Its key business development strategy is selling large volumes of goods in low prices. It usually targets large businesses and families due to their ability to purchase goods and services in bulk (Annual reports, 2013). Even though the company initially specialized on products which were boxed, it diversified and started selling other products such as clothes, food stuffs, computer software, books, flowers, tires, electronic goods, drinks and furnitures among others. It also offers services such as photograph processing, medical services and gas filling services. Amazon.com Amazon is a multinational electronic commerce company based in the United States with headquarters in Seattle. It is the largest online retailer in the world with its total assets valued at $ 32 billion. It was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994 under the name Cadabra. When founding the company, Bezos was trying to minimize his regrets for not expanding soon to take advantage of the internet business boom of the mid 1990s. His main aim therefore was to market products online by taking advantage of the advancement in information and communication technology at that time. Apart from online services, the company also sells DVDs, videos, software, furniture, jewelery and consumer electronics (Crunchbase, 2013). In late 1990s, the world witnessed what was described as the dot-com-bubble, which crippled many e-companies. However, Amazon survived the effects of the dot-com-bubble and grew to become a key player in the online sales and services industry. In fact, the company had not made remarkable profits for four consecutive years since its formation. It was after the survival of the dot-com- bubble burst in 2001 that it made remarkable revenues of $5million. This restored investors’ confidence which had dwindled following the slow pace of growth. The picking up of the business made many skeptics and critics of Bezos’ business model stop their criticism. His business model gained popularity and made Bezos to be named as the person of the year by the time magazine in 1999 (Amazon, 2013). Currently, the company has made several mergers and acquisitions. It has also managed to establish businesses in various continents such as Europe, North America, Asia and Africa. To increase access to its services, it has established websites for all the countries where it has operations. Topic selected for research The topic of research for this term project is application of mass customization techniques in either manufacturing or services businesses. The purpose of the research is to explore the design, operations and improvement activities which companies are applying in their development and expansion strategies (Dummies, 2013). The research aims to achieve its objectives by analyzing the two companies discussed above. The reason why the two were selected is because they are among the leading companies in the world in terms of total assets. They are also among the few companies in the world which have experienced a steady growth since their inception. References Amazon. (2013). About amazon . Web. Annual reports. (2013). Costco Wholesale Corporation . Web. Costco Wholesale Corporation. (2013). Investor relations . Web. Crunchbase . (2013). Amazon. Web. Dummies. (2013). Defining your business model . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
English Civil War and Glorious Revolution Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Glorious Revolution of 1688 2. Differences between indentured servants and black slaves 3. Factors uniting American in the 18th century 4. References Prior to the English civil war, control over the American colonies had been a bit relaxed, giving Americans hope of total independence (James, 2006). Unfortunately, after the war, control over the colonies was tightened by King Charles II. He feared that rebellions such as the one in England leading to the civil war could also happen in the colonies. In tightening his grip on the colonies, he closely monitored trade between Britain and the colonies. Again he rewarded some loyal aristocrats with land in the colonies in Pennsylvania and Carolina. In southern Carolina, the aristocrats settled firmly, establishing large sugar plantations in the area. In order to obtain slaves for their farms, they encouraged civil wars among the Native American tribes by giving them weapons. In return, the natives would sell their war captives as slaves to the settlers. Glorious Revolution of 1688 The revolution is sometimes called the bloodless revolution though the latter name is wrong as there were battles involving the armies of the reigning king then, King James II and the rebels. He was being ousted by a group of parliamentarians led by William of Orange. This war led to the introduction of the parliamentary democracy system of governance in England and the abolition of absolute power by the monarch. This revolution had a heavy impact on the American colonies under English rule. Some of the effects on these colonies were mostly felt through the introduction of a parliamentary system of governance. The American colonies had the same parliamentary form of governance introduced in their governments. With the coming of the democratic system, the rules governing slavery were relaxed to some extent allowing the Native Americans relatively more freedom to exercise their rights and even vote. Differences between indentured servants and black slaves Indentured servants had their transport to America paid for by the forthright, and they were entitled to work for an average of five years to repay their transportation cost (Leila, 2007). After completing the five years, the servants obtained their payment and freedom where they were allowed to own property and develop themselves. On the other hand, black slaves had no chance whatsoever of obtaining their freedom and were not allowed to own property. In fact, black slaves were viewed as properties owned by the settlers (James, 2006). Indentured servants offered their services voluntarily as opposed to black slaves. This is because the chances of owning property in America for young men was higher than it was in Britain, for example, or any other European country that transported its people to America to work as indentured servants. On the other hand, black slaves were captured from Africa by force or sold by their fellow Africans against their will. Indentured servants signed contacts regarding the length of their services, while black slaves did not. Similarities between indentured servants and slaves. Both were transported from far away places, and they were usually transported by middlemen called fortnights. Indentured servants, the same as black slaves, could not own property during the period of their service. Both were exposed to violence and mistreatment by their masters. In the case of the indentured servants, sometimes they were denied their freedom after completion of the agreed period of service. Factors uniting American in the 18th century Continued abuse of the Native American people by the white settlers gave them a unifying factor to fight the oppressors. This is because, with the increase in the number of indentured servants, some settlers started discarding their service contracts and denying them freedom. This, combined with a number of other oppressions against the indentured servants, Native Americans, and the black slaves, there was more reason to unite and fight the common enemy. The developments in England also favored a freer colony. This is because in preaching democracy, the same was expected to be extended to the colonies though a majority of the settlers were against it. Thus the different classes of Americans saw the need for unity in embracing democracy. References James, R. American History in the 17th century, New York: McGraw Hill, 2006. Leila, C. Servitude in American history: 17th -18th century, London, Penguin, 2007. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Star Elements of the Human Body – Astronomy Essay Carl Sagan is a renowned astronomer who is famous for his quotes on star stuff. Stars are heavenly bodies found in the universe that is made up of stuff also found in human beings since when the solar system was being formed, we all originated from the same matter, and almost every atom we are made of was once part of a star. The factors that aided in accelerating the rate of mutation and evolution are thus the cosmic rays from the different stars that make up the universe. Carl Sagan believed that all atoms in our bodies were synthesized by the stars. He further stated that we could all be stars either in movies or TVs like he was if we work hard. Stardust refers to particles from outer space which settles on the surface of the earth. This dust contains heavy elements from space which are integrated into our bodies from the atmosphere (Personalhealthfacts.com 2010). The universe was originally made up of hydrogen and helium, and other atoms were created over a billion years ago in the previous generations of stars that exploded. These atoms are traceable to the core of the stars responsible for their creation since all organic matter comprised of carbon was originally produced from the stars. Stardust is created from a process known as the Nova. It occurs when bodies in space explode due to the exhaustion of their hydrogen supply. The explosion causes space to be filled with gases that resemble dust made up of different elements. The force of the explosion also creates new and heavy elements that are scattered. The explosion of a massive star is called a supernova (Daniels 68). Thus, with time, more stars become unstable and explode, releasing their enriched elements across the galaxy, forming the fundamental of human life. The present light elements are converted to a heavy element by stars that are yet to explode. The sun converts hydrogen to produce helium, and when it runs out of hydrogen, it changes helium to carbon and beryllium. The heavy elements formed burn to form other elements that are heavier. Stars have different reactions due to their varying sizes leading to the formation of different elements that are in existence on our planet from oxygen to iron. These reactions take place under extreme pressures and temperatures of over one million degrees Celsius (Seeds 78). The components in our bodies that would not have been possible without these explosions are nitrogen in our DNA, calcium in our teeth and bones, and iron in the blood. Most of the human body is comprised of water formed from hydrogen and oxygen, while the body mass is made up of carbon, which is the building unit of organic molecules. The six main elements in our body in the percentage composition include; oxygen (35%) necessary for cellular energy, carbon (18%), hydrogen (10%) for PH of body fluids, nitrogen (3%) a component of nucleic acids, calcium (1.5%) and phosphorus (1.0%) which contributes to the crystalline structure of our bones. More so, other components are potassium (0.4%) and sulfur (0.3%) for muscle proteins, sodium (0.2%) for water balance, magnesium (0.1%), chlorine (0.2%), iodine (0.1%) and iron (0.1%). There are also trace elements in minute quantities of cobalt, copper, fluorine, and zinc (Physics.org 2014). Works Cited Daniels, Diane. Over the Moon . Mustang, Oklahoma: Tate Publishers, 2010. Print. Personalhealthfacts.com: Elements of the Human Body 2010. Web. Physics: Are we Really All made from Stardust? 2014. Web. Seeds, Michael. Foundations of Astronomy . Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2007. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
American Church in Kwame Appiah’s Interview Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Justification for choosing this work 3. Connection to class work 4. Lessons from the Work 5. Works Cited Introduction Kwame Appiah talks about how moral hostilities can be disarmed in 21 st Century America. This topic is interesting because the modern church today and specifically American protestant churches continue to battle with issues related to unity because of schisms and separations. This was epitomized by sectional conflicts during the civil wars hence mainline Protestantism and evangelicalism. The moral hostilities between the mainline Protestants and the evangelicals have taken different forms like when the Supreme Court made a ruling that barred government-sponsored prayer in public schools and subsequently allowing abortion in their 1963 ruling, some mainstream churches were on the offensive and instead advocated for a Christian America that cherished family values and various militancy (Neusner 38). At that time when the slave trade was still thriving in America, the Baptists and the Methodists blatantly encouraged the slave trade in the south. They instead opposed it in the north. Justification for choosing this work I specifically chose to listen to this Radio interview between Kwame Anthony Appiah and Krista Tippet because I intended to listen to the actual stand Appiah had on how to disarm moral hostilities in our society other than reading it from a newspaper or magazine where there may be distortion largely due to paraphrasing. Other than that, Krista Tippett’s show is reputable and any information that comes from it is credible. Connection to class work The interview captures how moral hostilities in the present day America can be disarmed. Tippett begins by giving a brief History of Anthony Appiah who was born to an African father and British mother in 1953. Their marriage influenced the production of the movie “Guess who is coming to Dinner.” Theirs was a multinational and multiracial marriage. On moral revolution, human identity, and ethics, Appiah talks of a world full of strangers. He believes that a republic can only be built by people coming together. On matters relating to morality and religion, Appiah believes that people should not face off directly. They should instead undertake to slide off liking talking about soccer. His parents came from leading respective families, the mother being the daughter of former chancellor exchequer of the British government. Their marriage was therefore a morally unthinkable union. It rocked the British Empire (Kwame 10). It deeds mark the beginning of generation change. However, all these seemed less to him. Appiah talks of a time when they went to visit their maternal grandmother in England and people were all over his mother asking her whether she had left her husband. But the mother simply said she came to visit her parents. To shame those who doubted the marriage, his father and mother lived together up to the time of their death. Appiah’s mother was buried in Ghana. He says that the marriage between the two parents was sustained by the Christian values they ascribed to. They did not oppose interracial marriage. They never had any suspicion that whatever they were doing was wrong. He says his formative days in medical school was hectic and risked being discontinued due to poor performance because he found medicine so boring. This made him alter to philosophy because he loved sitting down with all kinds of questions that touched on moral codes, metaphysics, or epistemology focusing on them for most of the night. As a young evangelical teenager, he cherished philosophy and theology. He preoccupied himself with questions that bordered on “What is it for human life to go well?” Lessons from the Work The theme of his philosophical work was anchored on why many things are relevant (Tippett, 1). The most challenging responsibility of human beings is to endeavor to explain why human life is the way it is. On hostility, he does not like rebuking people instantaneously because in the world we live in people express themselves without editing. He says that when he felt like sending an angry letter to someone the grandmother always advised that he puts the letter under his pillow and see how he feels the next day. He says that the most important thing in taming hostility is to consider the distance in time between what you say and when it goes out hence before sending some provocative mail to someone through the internet one must know that the send button does not come with a 24-hour delay built into it. He reckons that the kind of language used on the internet would be very difficult to use on a face-to-face basis. It is evident from the interview that media does impact the study of religion and can therefore be used to institutionalize moral principles in the society or can be used to fuel moral hostility. It is also clear that sliding as opposed to facing off can be used to tame religious hostilities. Our religious beliefs can also help in saving the imminent collapse of our families especially in set-ups where racial bigotry heavily influences people’s day-to-day lives. Moreover, our religious beliefs can help in shaping our future careers. Works Cited Kwame, Anthony. Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in the World of strangers . New York: Norton, 2006. Neusner, Jacob. World Religions in America: An Introduction . Westminster: John Knox Press, 1994. Tippett, Krista. Sidling up to the difference . On Being. American Public Media. 2011. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Constable’s ‘Hay Wain’ and Turner’s ‘The Slave Ship’ Review Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Constable’s Hay Wain 3. Turner’s The Slave Ship 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction The comparison of John Constable’s Hay Wain and William Turner’s The Slave Ship (Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying — Typhon Coming on) that one can make is as treacherous as between the styles in which the painters worked. Both of the painters are among the most prominent landscape artists. Turner and Constable were influential advocates of romanticism, an artistic movement that originated in the middle of the 18th century and emphasized human emotions as a means of response to nature. Seascapes and landscapes presented by Turner are often inspired by some historical events, Constable’s works, on the contrary, impress the viewer with the vividness of the ordinary scenery’s description. This difference between the author’s subjects is predetermined by Turner’s love for travel and Constable’s tender feelings for his native country. If we consider the difference between these painters as reflected in their works, we should say that Constable’s work is more infused by naturalist concerns whereas Turner’s one is characterized by more romantic elements. Constable’s Hay Wain Constable’s Hay Wain is an example of the author’s ability to view nature in very accurate and precise detail and portray it as it is. Constable presents the subject of his painting with no stylization. The Hay Wain is based on a site in Suffolk, the place where Constable’s father lived. In the foreground, the picture depicts the hay wain standing near the river Stour. In the distance on the right, there is a meadow where haymakers work, the picture also depicts a farmer’s cottage. The reality of the scene described prevents the viewer from thinking that the picture was created in the artist’s studio in London. Turner’s The Slave Ship The subject of The Slave Ship is the practice of 18th-century slave traders. During the middle passage in the Atlantic Ocean slave traders used to throw the “cargo” that they carried overbroad, thus they could claim the insurance for “drowning”. This painting was the author’s assistance to the abolitionist campaign. The romanticism traditions are reflected in the author’s depicting the sea. The violent power of the sea is aimed at representing the forces of nature punishing the human’s guilt. As an example of the romanticism movement, The Slave Ship emphasized trepidation and horror caused by the event described. The viewer cannot remain indifferent to the human vices that are implied by the painting. The skillful usage of color contributes to the viewer’s feelings and emotions produced by the painting. Purple and blue colors, the wan shadows that Turner has used evoke the feeling of something cold and never-ending. The sky is cut by the lines of blood; it is the mixture of flaming flood with the sunlight. Conclusion Therefore, we can see that this painting combines both the naturalism and romanticism traditions with the dominance of the latter ones. If compared with Constable’s work, this painting evokes more impetuous feelings. Though it is less enigmatic and quiet, it encourages the viewers to act somehow so that the situation described could be changed. We are inclined to believe that the two authors defined various goals when creating the works. Therefore, various emphases were made in the style chosen. The prevalence of the naturalist concern in Constable’s work and the romanticism elements in Turner’s one is justified in terms of the goals set. References Cunningham, Lawrence, and John J. Reich. Culture and Values: A Survey of the Humanities. Wadsworth Publishing, 2005. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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